Personal Protective Equipment
Content
1
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT What is a hazard? A hazard is an existing (or potential) hazardous or unsafe condition or work practice that, by itself or in combination with other conditions, could cause injury, illness, or death to workers, as well as cause property damage. Hazards may exist from To control hazardous and unsafe conditions and work practices, use the most effective control methods feasible at your work place. Try to reduce employee exposure by implementing effective controls that do not primarily rely on individual employee behavior. Follow a system of strategies, called the "Hierarchy of Controls," which prioritizes control methods that try to remove or reduce the hazard:
PPE
In all areas of the site, excluding lunch rooms, offices and control rooms, the following minimum requirements are: Hard hats Safety Glasses with rigid side shields Prescription safety glasses - flimsy slip over type side shields not allowed Footwear of full leather tongue included, with no breather holes to prevent chemical exposure. Clothing suitable for the work environment Not allowed: Shorts Flimsy footwear and sandals Sleeveless shirts Mesh Visitors on site standard apparel should be based on a hazard assessment taking into account the areas of the site they will be escorted. All PPE will be provided free of cost to employees unless otherwise noted. There may be requirements for reimbursement of prescription safety glasses and steel toe boots. Check with your supervisor. •Every employee will at all times wear clothing that protects the body and extremities. The typical personnel hazards listed below can be prevented as follows: •Thermal burns resulting from contact with hot pipes, can be prevented by using long sleeve shirts and cloth gloves. •Chemical burns and/or skin absorption of allergens and toxins can be prevented or minimized by use of appropriate chemical protective clothing (CPC). •Loose clothing will not be worn where it can contact or catch on energized conductors, moving parts, equipment, or other hazards of this type. •Preference should be given to natural fibers in the clothing worn by personnel. •Short pants are prohibited as outerwear.
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL •Finger rings or necklaces are prohibited when there is a danger of catching them on moving parts or contacting an energized conductor.
HEAD PROTECTION CAUSES OF HEAD INJURIES Falling objects such as tools Bumping head against objects, such as pipes or beams Contact with exposed electrical wiring or components TYPES OF HARD HATS Class A designed to: - Protect you from falling objects; and - Protect you from electrical shocks up to 2,200 volts. Class B are designed to: - Protect you from falling objects; and - Protect you from electrical shocks up to 20,000 volts. Class C are designed to : - Protect you from falling objects; - DO NOT protect you from electrical shocks; and - DO NOT protect you from corrosive substances. Class E worn by: Electricians Instrumentation Commissioning Others with potential to contact live electrical Class G for general construction work HARD HAT COLOR CODING White Managers, foremen, engineers or supervisors usually wear white hats on site. Brown Brown hats are worn by welders and other workers with high heat applications. Green Green often signifies a safety inspector but can also be used by new workers on the site or probationary staff. Y ellow Yellow is the colour for general labourers and earth moving operators. Blue Carpenters and other technical operators including electricians will normally wear blue hard hats, while orange is worn by road crews. Grey
3
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL Grey is the colour often worn by site visitors. And if employees forget their hats or misplace them, there is often a nice bright pink helmet on site they have to wear in the meantime.
EYE AND FACE PROTECTION Eye and face protection includes safety spectacles, goggles, face shields and similar items used to protect against flying particles and foreign bodies, corrosive chemicals, fumes, lasers and radiation. Often, the whole face may need protection against radiation or mechanical, thermal or chemical hazards. Sometimes a face shield may be adequate also for protecting the eyes, but often specific eye protection is necessary, either separately or as a complement to the face protection. The two basic problems in wearing eye and face protectors are (1) how to provide effective protection which is acceptable for wearing over long hours of work without undue discomfort, and (2) the unpopularity of eye and face protection due to restriction of vision. The wearer’s peripheral vision is limited by the side frames; the nose bridge may disturb binocular vision; and misting is a constant problem. Particularly in hot climates or in hot work, additional coverings of the face may become intolerable and may be discarded. Short-term, intermittent operations also create problems as workers may be forgetful and disinclined to use protection. First consideration should always be given to the improvement of the working environment rather than to the possible need for personal protection. Before or in conjunction with the use of eye and face protection, consideration must be given to guarding of machines and tools (including interlocking guards), removal of fumes and dust by exhaust ventilation, screening of sources of heat or radiation, and screening of points from which particles may be ejected, such as abrasive grinders or lathes. When the eyes and face can be protected by the use of transparent screens or partitions of appropriate size and quality, for example, these alternatives are to be preferred to the use of personal eye protection. There are six basic types of eye and face protection: 1. spectacle type, either with or without side shields 2. eye cup (goggle) type 3. face shield type, covering eye sockets and the central portion of the face 4. helmet type with shielding of the whole front of the face 5. hand-held shield type 6. hood type, including the diver’s helmet type covering the head completely
4
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL
HEARING PROTECTION No one knows when people first discovered that covering the ears with the flats of the hands or plugging up the ear canals with one’s fingers was effective in reducing the level of unwanted sound—noise—but the basic technique has been in use for generations as the last line of defence against loud sound. Unfortunately, this level of technology precludes the use of most others. Hearing protectors, an obvious solution to the problem, are a form of noise control in that they block the path of the noise from the source to the ear. An earplug is a device worn in the external ear canal. Premolded earplugs are available in one or more standard sizes intended to fit into the ear canals of most people. A formable, user-molded earplug is made of a pliable material that is shaped by the wearer to fit into the ear canal to form an acoustic seal. A custom-molded earplug is individually made to fit the particular ear of the wearer. Earplugs can be made from vinyl, silicone, elastomer formulations, cotton and wax, spun glass wool, and slow-recovery closed-cell foam. The Operation of Hearing Protectors Earmuffs The basic function of earmuffs is to cover the outer ear with a cup that forms a noise-attenuating acoustic seal. The styles of the ear cup and the earmuff’s cushions as well as the tension provided by the headband determine, for the most part, how well the earmuff attenuates environmental noise. Earplugs displays an example of a well-fitted, fully inserted foam earplug (about 60% of it extends into the ear canal) and an example of a poorly fitted, shallowly inserted foam earplug that just caps the ear canal entrance. The well-fitted earplug has good attenuation at all frequencies. The poorly fitted foam earplug has substantially less attenuation.
5
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING There are several general categories of bodily hazards for which specialized clothing can provide protection. These general categories include chemical, physical and biological hazards. Hazard
Examples
Chemical
Dermal toxins Systemic toxins Corrosives Allergens
Physical
Thermal hazards (hot/cold) Vibration Radiation Trauma producing
Biological
Human pathogens Animal pathogens Environmental pathogens
Hazard
Performance characteristic required
Common protective clothing materials
Thermal
Insulation value
Heavy cotton or other natural fabrics
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL
Fire
Insulation and flame resistance
Aluminized gloves; flame resistent treated gloves; aramid fibre and other special fabrics
Mechanical abrasion
Abrasion resistence; tensile strength
Heavy fabrics; leather
Cuts and punctures
Cut resistance
Metal mesh; aromatic polyamide fiber and other special fabrics
Chemical/toxicologic Permeation resistance al
Biological
“Fluid-proof”; (puncture resistant)
Radiological
Usually water resistance or particle resistance (for radionuclides)
Polymeric and elastomeric materials; (including latex)
Protective clothing configurations vary greatly depending on the intended use. However, normal components are analogous to personal clothing (i.e., trousers, jacket, hood, boots and gloves) for most physical hazards. Special-use items for applications such as flame resistance in those industries involving the processing of molten metals can include chaps, armlets, and aprons constructed of both treated and untreated natural and synthetic fibres and materials (one historical example would be woven asbestos). Chemical protective clothing can be more specialized in terms of construction,
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
7
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL Respiratory protection devices of the approved type will be made available and shall be worn by all employees when exposed to hazardous concentrations of toxic or noxious dust, fumes, mists, or gases, at the direction of the Safety Department. Specific hazard analysis will be developed for these activities. Respiratory protection equipment will be used, stored, and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements and the Respiratory Protection Program. Respiratory equipment will be selected on the basis of hazards to which the employee will be exposed. Filtering Face-piece Respirator (Disposable) Filtering face-piece respirators are for one-time use only; some examples include N95 and P100. Filtering facepieces may or may not have an exhalation valve to help exhaled breath exit the facepiece. Filtering facepiece respirators filter out particles, such as animal dander, biological aerosols, asbestos, and silica and do not protect against non-particulate hazards such as gases or vapors. Air-Purifying Respirator (Cartridge) Air-purifying respirators offer a wide variety of protection based on the type of cartridge used. There is NOT one set of cartridges that protects from all possible chemicals. During your risk assessment, Risk Management & Safety will assist in determining the proper cartridge to protect against the chemical(s) that will be used. PAPR - Powered Air Purifying Respirator A PAPR is battery operated unit that consists of a half or full facepiece, breathing tube, battery-operated blower, and filter(s). A PAPR uses a blower to pass contaminated air through filtering cartridges, which removes the contaminant and supplies purified air to a facepiece. This type of respirator is not equivalent to supplied air, since it does NOT supply oxygen. As with non-powered air purifying respirators, cartridges must be selected based on the hazards present. For safe use, the battery must be kept charged. Surgical Masks and Dust Masks The respirator regulations do not cover “comfort masks” (dust masks) or surgical masks. These are technically not respirators, since they are not certified by NIOSH (the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health), and provide no respiratory protection. If you are using these masks in the lab, consider whether you might need a true respirator; contact Risk Management & Safety for an evaluation.
HAND PROTECTION
8
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL If the employees are exposed to any of the following hazards requires Hand protection Severe cuts, lacerations, or abrasions Punctures Thermal burns Harmful temperature extremes Chemical hazards - Absorption of harmful substances - Chemical burns - Rashes, irritation Durable gloves made of metal mesh, leather, or canvas Protects from cuts, burns, heat Fabric and coated fabric gloves Protects from dirt and abrasion Chemical and liquid resistant gloves Protects from burns, irritation, and dermatitis Rubber gloves Protects from cuts, lacerations, and abrasions Hand Care Avoid washing your hands with solvents, harsh soaps, or abrasives Clean and bandage all cuts and abrasions Immediately remove any imbedded foreign materials Wash immediately after using any chemical – Even if you did not detect leakage Pay attention to skin rashes—get an immediate medical evaluation Wear cotton gloves under rubber gloves to reduce sweating Types of Injuries Cuts, fractures, punctures and amputations -Cuts or lacerations – May sever nerves, tendons or muscle or become infected -Fractures can damage nearby tissue and be difficult to repair Dermatitis and burns are caused by direct contact with chemicals, detergents, metals, or very hot or cold objects -Dermatitis may show up immediately after contact with a chemical causing the skin to become red, swollen, itchy, or burning, and may develop blisters -Dermatitis may develop after several contacts with chemicals known as sensitizers - Nothing happens initially, later contacts with the chemical produce an allergic reaction
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL Carpal tunnel syndrome results from prolonged repetitive work with the hands - This condition can be disabling and can have a variety of temporary symptoms like swelling, tingling, numbness, and pain in the hands or fingers
FALL PROTECTION
Two types of fall protection equipment are used in power generation, transmission, and distribution work—work positioning and fall arrest equipment. Workers (except for qualified climbers, as noted below) must use this fall protection if they are working at elevated locations more than 4 feet above the ground on poles, towers, or similar structures if other fall protection (for example, railings) has not been provided. Body Wear: The personal protective equipment worn by the worker (Ex: full-body harness) Only form of body wear acceptable for fall arrest is the full-body harness. Should be selected based on work to be performed and the work environment. Side and front D-rings are for positioning only. While focus is given to anchorage connectors and body wear (full-body harnesses) components, the connecting device (a shock-absorbing lanyard or self-retracting lifeline) between these two components actually bears the greatest fall forces during a fall.
10
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL
Spread load across butt strap and belt strap if on the harness
Excess pressure here can cut blood flow to the legs
SAFETY VEST Safety vests are worn by workers who work on or near roads, or places where there are movements of vehicles, cranes, cables, winches, motors or any moving gears. Workers who are engaged in emergency and construction work, need to be detected by other parties who operate moving machinery that can be potentially dangerous. Safety vests are found in yellow, orange or red, and have reflective stripes, insignia and letters printed on them. Types of safety vests to be used depend on the user, work environments or type of industry. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approves the following types of vests: ANSI Class 2 Safety Vests: For workers working close to traffic traveling between 2550 miles per hour, in the presence of heavy machinery, or in inclement weather and low visibility conditions ANSI Class 3 Safety Vests: For workers working close to traffic exceeding 50 mph and/or in very dark or zero-visibility conditions. These vests have longer sleeves than Class 2.
11
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL
ANSI 207-2011 Safety Vests: These are also known as public safety vests, and are worn by law enforcement agencies, fire and emergency rescuers. These are normally worn over safety equipment and can be removed quickly in the incident of entanglement. Non-ANSI safety vests are made of high visibility material, often with a small number of reflective stripes. They are inexpensive alternatives to approved vests in some cases.
FOOT AND PROTECTION
LEG
Injuries to the foot and leg are common to many industries. The dropping of a heavy object may injure the foot, particularly the toes, in any workplace, especially among workers in the heavier industries such as mining, metal manufacture, engineering and building and construction work. Burns of the lower limbs from the molten metals, sparks or corrosive chemicals occur frequently in foundries, iron- and steelworks, chemical plants and so on. Dermatitis or eczema may be caused by a variety of acidic, alkaline and many other agents. The foot may also suffer physical injury caused by striking it against an object or by stepping on sharp protrusions such as can occur in the construction industry.
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL
PVC footwear protects your feet against moisture and improves traction.
Butyl footwear protects against most ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, acids, salts, and alkalies.
Electrostatic dissipating footwear conducts static electricity to floors that are grounded. Steel toe footwear protects your toes from falling objects and from being crushed.
Vinyl footwear resists solvents, acids, alkalies, salts, water, grease, and blood.
Electrical hazard footwear are insulated with tough rubber to prevent shocks and burns from electricity.
Metatarsal footwear have special guards that run from your ankle to your toes and protect your entire foot.
Nitrile footwear resists animal fats, oils, and chemicals
Disposable footwear includes shower slippers, clear polyethylene and nonwoven booties used in dust free work areas.
Reinforced sole footwear have metal reinforcement that protects your foot from punctures.
Latex/Rubber footwear resists chemicals and provides extra traction on slippery surfaces.
SOURCES
American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA). 1991. Respiratory Protection: A Manual and Guideline. Fairfax, Va: AIHA.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI). 1974. Method for the Measurement of Real-Ear Protection of Hearing Protectors and Physical Attenuation of Earmuffs. Document No. S3.19-1974 (ASA Std 1-1975). New York: ANSI. —. 1984. Method for the Measurement of Real-Ear Attenuation of Hearing Protectors. Document No. S12.6-1984 (ASA STD55-1984). New York: ANSI.
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL
—. 1989. Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection. Document No. ANSI Z 87.1-1989. New York: ANSI. —. 1992. American National Standard for Respiratory Protection. Document No. ANSI Z 88.2. New York: ANSI.
http://www.slideshare.net/azak80/personal-protective-equipment-10556881
http://www.slideshare.net/Annie05/personal-protective-presentation? related=1
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT What is a hazard? A hazard is an existing (or potential) hazardous or unsafe condition or work practice that, by itself or in combination with other conditions, could cause injury, illness, or death to workers, as well as cause property damage. Hazards may exist from To control hazardous and unsafe conditions and work practices, use the most effective control methods feasible at your work place. Try to reduce employee exposure by implementing effective controls that do not primarily rely on individual employee behavior. Follow a system of strategies, called the "Hierarchy of Controls," which prioritizes control methods that try to remove or reduce the hazard:
PPE
In all areas of the site, excluding lunch rooms, offices and control rooms, the following minimum requirements are: Hard hats Safety Glasses with rigid side shields Prescription safety glasses - flimsy slip over type side shields not allowed Footwear of full leather tongue included, with no breather holes to prevent chemical exposure. Clothing suitable for the work environment Not allowed: Shorts Flimsy footwear and sandals Sleeveless shirts Mesh Visitors on site standard apparel should be based on a hazard assessment taking into account the areas of the site they will be escorted. All PPE will be provided free of cost to employees unless otherwise noted. There may be requirements for reimbursement of prescription safety glasses and steel toe boots. Check with your supervisor. •Every employee will at all times wear clothing that protects the body and extremities. The typical personnel hazards listed below can be prevented as follows: •Thermal burns resulting from contact with hot pipes, can be prevented by using long sleeve shirts and cloth gloves. •Chemical burns and/or skin absorption of allergens and toxins can be prevented or minimized by use of appropriate chemical protective clothing (CPC). •Loose clothing will not be worn where it can contact or catch on energized conductors, moving parts, equipment, or other hazards of this type. •Preference should be given to natural fibers in the clothing worn by personnel. •Short pants are prohibited as outerwear.
2
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL •Finger rings or necklaces are prohibited when there is a danger of catching them on moving parts or contacting an energized conductor.
HEAD PROTECTION CAUSES OF HEAD INJURIES Falling objects such as tools Bumping head against objects, such as pipes or beams Contact with exposed electrical wiring or components TYPES OF HARD HATS Class A designed to: - Protect you from falling objects; and - Protect you from electrical shocks up to 2,200 volts. Class B are designed to: - Protect you from falling objects; and - Protect you from electrical shocks up to 20,000 volts. Class C are designed to : - Protect you from falling objects; - DO NOT protect you from electrical shocks; and - DO NOT protect you from corrosive substances. Class E worn by: Electricians Instrumentation Commissioning Others with potential to contact live electrical Class G for general construction work HARD HAT COLOR CODING White Managers, foremen, engineers or supervisors usually wear white hats on site. Brown Brown hats are worn by welders and other workers with high heat applications. Green Green often signifies a safety inspector but can also be used by new workers on the site or probationary staff. Y ellow Yellow is the colour for general labourers and earth moving operators. Blue Carpenters and other technical operators including electricians will normally wear blue hard hats, while orange is worn by road crews. Grey
3
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL Grey is the colour often worn by site visitors. And if employees forget their hats or misplace them, there is often a nice bright pink helmet on site they have to wear in the meantime.
EYE AND FACE PROTECTION Eye and face protection includes safety spectacles, goggles, face shields and similar items used to protect against flying particles and foreign bodies, corrosive chemicals, fumes, lasers and radiation. Often, the whole face may need protection against radiation or mechanical, thermal or chemical hazards. Sometimes a face shield may be adequate also for protecting the eyes, but often specific eye protection is necessary, either separately or as a complement to the face protection. The two basic problems in wearing eye and face protectors are (1) how to provide effective protection which is acceptable for wearing over long hours of work without undue discomfort, and (2) the unpopularity of eye and face protection due to restriction of vision. The wearer’s peripheral vision is limited by the side frames; the nose bridge may disturb binocular vision; and misting is a constant problem. Particularly in hot climates or in hot work, additional coverings of the face may become intolerable and may be discarded. Short-term, intermittent operations also create problems as workers may be forgetful and disinclined to use protection. First consideration should always be given to the improvement of the working environment rather than to the possible need for personal protection. Before or in conjunction with the use of eye and face protection, consideration must be given to guarding of machines and tools (including interlocking guards), removal of fumes and dust by exhaust ventilation, screening of sources of heat or radiation, and screening of points from which particles may be ejected, such as abrasive grinders or lathes. When the eyes and face can be protected by the use of transparent screens or partitions of appropriate size and quality, for example, these alternatives are to be preferred to the use of personal eye protection. There are six basic types of eye and face protection: 1. spectacle type, either with or without side shields 2. eye cup (goggle) type 3. face shield type, covering eye sockets and the central portion of the face 4. helmet type with shielding of the whole front of the face 5. hand-held shield type 6. hood type, including the diver’s helmet type covering the head completely
4
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL
HEARING PROTECTION No one knows when people first discovered that covering the ears with the flats of the hands or plugging up the ear canals with one’s fingers was effective in reducing the level of unwanted sound—noise—but the basic technique has been in use for generations as the last line of defence against loud sound. Unfortunately, this level of technology precludes the use of most others. Hearing protectors, an obvious solution to the problem, are a form of noise control in that they block the path of the noise from the source to the ear. An earplug is a device worn in the external ear canal. Premolded earplugs are available in one or more standard sizes intended to fit into the ear canals of most people. A formable, user-molded earplug is made of a pliable material that is shaped by the wearer to fit into the ear canal to form an acoustic seal. A custom-molded earplug is individually made to fit the particular ear of the wearer. Earplugs can be made from vinyl, silicone, elastomer formulations, cotton and wax, spun glass wool, and slow-recovery closed-cell foam. The Operation of Hearing Protectors Earmuffs The basic function of earmuffs is to cover the outer ear with a cup that forms a noise-attenuating acoustic seal. The styles of the ear cup and the earmuff’s cushions as well as the tension provided by the headband determine, for the most part, how well the earmuff attenuates environmental noise. Earplugs displays an example of a well-fitted, fully inserted foam earplug (about 60% of it extends into the ear canal) and an example of a poorly fitted, shallowly inserted foam earplug that just caps the ear canal entrance. The well-fitted earplug has good attenuation at all frequencies. The poorly fitted foam earplug has substantially less attenuation.
5
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING There are several general categories of bodily hazards for which specialized clothing can provide protection. These general categories include chemical, physical and biological hazards. Hazard
Examples
Chemical
Dermal toxins Systemic toxins Corrosives Allergens
Physical
Thermal hazards (hot/cold) Vibration Radiation Trauma producing
Biological
Human pathogens Animal pathogens Environmental pathogens
Hazard
Performance characteristic required
Common protective clothing materials
Thermal
Insulation value
Heavy cotton or other natural fabrics
6
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL
Fire
Insulation and flame resistance
Aluminized gloves; flame resistent treated gloves; aramid fibre and other special fabrics
Mechanical abrasion
Abrasion resistence; tensile strength
Heavy fabrics; leather
Cuts and punctures
Cut resistance
Metal mesh; aromatic polyamide fiber and other special fabrics
Chemical/toxicologic Permeation resistance al
Biological
“Fluid-proof”; (puncture resistant)
Radiological
Usually water resistance or particle resistance (for radionuclides)
Polymeric and elastomeric materials; (including latex)
Protective clothing configurations vary greatly depending on the intended use. However, normal components are analogous to personal clothing (i.e., trousers, jacket, hood, boots and gloves) for most physical hazards. Special-use items for applications such as flame resistance in those industries involving the processing of molten metals can include chaps, armlets, and aprons constructed of both treated and untreated natural and synthetic fibres and materials (one historical example would be woven asbestos). Chemical protective clothing can be more specialized in terms of construction,
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
7
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL Respiratory protection devices of the approved type will be made available and shall be worn by all employees when exposed to hazardous concentrations of toxic or noxious dust, fumes, mists, or gases, at the direction of the Safety Department. Specific hazard analysis will be developed for these activities. Respiratory protection equipment will be used, stored, and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements and the Respiratory Protection Program. Respiratory equipment will be selected on the basis of hazards to which the employee will be exposed. Filtering Face-piece Respirator (Disposable) Filtering face-piece respirators are for one-time use only; some examples include N95 and P100. Filtering facepieces may or may not have an exhalation valve to help exhaled breath exit the facepiece. Filtering facepiece respirators filter out particles, such as animal dander, biological aerosols, asbestos, and silica and do not protect against non-particulate hazards such as gases or vapors. Air-Purifying Respirator (Cartridge) Air-purifying respirators offer a wide variety of protection based on the type of cartridge used. There is NOT one set of cartridges that protects from all possible chemicals. During your risk assessment, Risk Management & Safety will assist in determining the proper cartridge to protect against the chemical(s) that will be used. PAPR - Powered Air Purifying Respirator A PAPR is battery operated unit that consists of a half or full facepiece, breathing tube, battery-operated blower, and filter(s). A PAPR uses a blower to pass contaminated air through filtering cartridges, which removes the contaminant and supplies purified air to a facepiece. This type of respirator is not equivalent to supplied air, since it does NOT supply oxygen. As with non-powered air purifying respirators, cartridges must be selected based on the hazards present. For safe use, the battery must be kept charged. Surgical Masks and Dust Masks The respirator regulations do not cover “comfort masks” (dust masks) or surgical masks. These are technically not respirators, since they are not certified by NIOSH (the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health), and provide no respiratory protection. If you are using these masks in the lab, consider whether you might need a true respirator; contact Risk Management & Safety for an evaluation.
HAND PROTECTION
8
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL If the employees are exposed to any of the following hazards requires Hand protection Severe cuts, lacerations, or abrasions Punctures Thermal burns Harmful temperature extremes Chemical hazards - Absorption of harmful substances - Chemical burns - Rashes, irritation Durable gloves made of metal mesh, leather, or canvas Protects from cuts, burns, heat Fabric and coated fabric gloves Protects from dirt and abrasion Chemical and liquid resistant gloves Protects from burns, irritation, and dermatitis Rubber gloves Protects from cuts, lacerations, and abrasions Hand Care Avoid washing your hands with solvents, harsh soaps, or abrasives Clean and bandage all cuts and abrasions Immediately remove any imbedded foreign materials Wash immediately after using any chemical – Even if you did not detect leakage Pay attention to skin rashes—get an immediate medical evaluation Wear cotton gloves under rubber gloves to reduce sweating Types of Injuries Cuts, fractures, punctures and amputations -Cuts or lacerations – May sever nerves, tendons or muscle or become infected -Fractures can damage nearby tissue and be difficult to repair Dermatitis and burns are caused by direct contact with chemicals, detergents, metals, or very hot or cold objects -Dermatitis may show up immediately after contact with a chemical causing the skin to become red, swollen, itchy, or burning, and may develop blisters -Dermatitis may develop after several contacts with chemicals known as sensitizers - Nothing happens initially, later contacts with the chemical produce an allergic reaction
9
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL Carpal tunnel syndrome results from prolonged repetitive work with the hands - This condition can be disabling and can have a variety of temporary symptoms like swelling, tingling, numbness, and pain in the hands or fingers
FALL PROTECTION
Two types of fall protection equipment are used in power generation, transmission, and distribution work—work positioning and fall arrest equipment. Workers (except for qualified climbers, as noted below) must use this fall protection if they are working at elevated locations more than 4 feet above the ground on poles, towers, or similar structures if other fall protection (for example, railings) has not been provided. Body Wear: The personal protective equipment worn by the worker (Ex: full-body harness) Only form of body wear acceptable for fall arrest is the full-body harness. Should be selected based on work to be performed and the work environment. Side and front D-rings are for positioning only. While focus is given to anchorage connectors and body wear (full-body harnesses) components, the connecting device (a shock-absorbing lanyard or self-retracting lifeline) between these two components actually bears the greatest fall forces during a fall.
10
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL
Spread load across butt strap and belt strap if on the harness
Excess pressure here can cut blood flow to the legs
SAFETY VEST Safety vests are worn by workers who work on or near roads, or places where there are movements of vehicles, cranes, cables, winches, motors or any moving gears. Workers who are engaged in emergency and construction work, need to be detected by other parties who operate moving machinery that can be potentially dangerous. Safety vests are found in yellow, orange or red, and have reflective stripes, insignia and letters printed on them. Types of safety vests to be used depend on the user, work environments or type of industry. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approves the following types of vests: ANSI Class 2 Safety Vests: For workers working close to traffic traveling between 2550 miles per hour, in the presence of heavy machinery, or in inclement weather and low visibility conditions ANSI Class 3 Safety Vests: For workers working close to traffic exceeding 50 mph and/or in very dark or zero-visibility conditions. These vests have longer sleeves than Class 2.
11
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL
ANSI 207-2011 Safety Vests: These are also known as public safety vests, and are worn by law enforcement agencies, fire and emergency rescuers. These are normally worn over safety equipment and can be removed quickly in the incident of entanglement. Non-ANSI safety vests are made of high visibility material, often with a small number of reflective stripes. They are inexpensive alternatives to approved vests in some cases.
FOOT AND PROTECTION
LEG
Injuries to the foot and leg are common to many industries. The dropping of a heavy object may injure the foot, particularly the toes, in any workplace, especially among workers in the heavier industries such as mining, metal manufacture, engineering and building and construction work. Burns of the lower limbs from the molten metals, sparks or corrosive chemicals occur frequently in foundries, iron- and steelworks, chemical plants and so on. Dermatitis or eczema may be caused by a variety of acidic, alkaline and many other agents. The foot may also suffer physical injury caused by striking it against an object or by stepping on sharp protrusions such as can occur in the construction industry.
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – LACHICA, JERUEL
PVC footwear protects your feet against moisture and improves traction.
Butyl footwear protects against most ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, acids, salts, and alkalies.
Electrostatic dissipating footwear conducts static electricity to floors that are grounded. Steel toe footwear protects your toes from falling objects and from being crushed.
Vinyl footwear resists solvents, acids, alkalies, salts, water, grease, and blood.
Electrical hazard footwear are insulated with tough rubber to prevent shocks and burns from electricity.
Metatarsal footwear have special guards that run from your ankle to your toes and protect your entire foot.
Nitrile footwear resists animal fats, oils, and chemicals
Disposable footwear includes shower slippers, clear polyethylene and nonwoven booties used in dust free work areas.
Reinforced sole footwear have metal reinforcement that protects your foot from punctures.
Latex/Rubber footwear resists chemicals and provides extra traction on slippery surfaces.
SOURCES
American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA). 1991. Respiratory Protection: A Manual and Guideline. Fairfax, Va: AIHA.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI). 1974. Method for the Measurement of Real-Ear Protection of Hearing Protectors and Physical Attenuation of Earmuffs. Document No. S3.19-1974 (ASA Std 1-1975). New York: ANSI. —. 1984. Method for the Measurement of Real-Ear Attenuation of Hearing Protectors. Document No. S12.6-1984 (ASA STD55-1984). New York: ANSI.
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—. 1989. Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection. Document No. ANSI Z 87.1-1989. New York: ANSI. —. 1992. American National Standard for Respiratory Protection. Document No. ANSI Z 88.2. New York: ANSI.
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