Points

Capacity Calculation on the basis of available RTCE
Suppose available RTCE on HW is 96 and active in SW 93. As per standard 30% are for
SHO so the left out for voice calls are 65. GOS for voice is 2% so by using the Earlang B
table we can find out the total voice subscriber capacity with 0.05 Ear/subs which is as
follow
Total Earlang 54.38
Total voice subscribers 1087
But as matter of fact, one voice subscriber requires 1 RTCE so this capacity is true.
But when there are data subscribers as well then scenario gets changed. Suppose there are
10 data users at one time using 3 RTCE each. It means that 30 channels are occupied by
data users leaving only 35 channels for voice. At this the total voice capacity would be
Total voice Earlang 26.43
Total voice subscribers 528
The markov FER refers to the ratio of the erasure frames to the total received frames
. If the MS receives 12 (N2m) successive erasure frames, the MS will switch off the
transmitter, but it still receives frames in the forward link. If two (N3m) successive
good frames are received within 5 seconds (Fade Timer), the MS will restart the
transmitter. Otherwise, the MS will be reinitialized.

so Abis interface cause will be considered as a radio link cause.
If the reverse power does not reach the maximum, but the FER in the reverse link
increases. The symptom is usually caused by the fast fading. It shows there is no stable
master pilot where the MS is located
For Power overload one measure could be, increase the handoff threshold of the
congested cell and reduce the handoff threshold of adjacent cells ,the power reduction of
the common channel can relieve the congestion on TCH
Coverage of BTS should be considered on the basis of the reverse link whether MS can
communicate to BTS or not.
If the received pilot Ec/Io is good, and the MS transmit power is above 0, it can be
decided that the forward coverage is greater than the reverse coverage
This is the so-called pilot pollution, that is, the number of pilots whose signal strength
exceeds the specified threshold is greater than the number of Rake receivers.
CW Values it is used to fine tune asset predictions- once all parameters (population per
sq KM, no. of sites, indoor, in-car and outdoor signal strength) are given in the asset, it
will provide the predictions. But these predictions will be hardly 65-70% accurate. To
fine tune the values of asset predictions, extensive DT is carried out for particular site and
then these DT values are compared with asset predictions. On the basis of this

comparison all the values in asset are fine tuned and then get the predictions again, this
will be around 75-80% accurate. These values obtained by DT and compared with asset
are called CW values
After predictions, plan is forwarded to Site acquisition department who gets the proposed
sites in the areas. For one particular site, three candidates are selected and SSR (Site
survey report) is sent back to planning department. Planning department decides one site
(by confirming which candidate is providing the best coverage) out of three and get the
new prediction and TSSR (Technical site survey repot) is sent back to the acquisition
department for the acquisition of that particular site.
The deployment starts.
If only population per sq KM and indoor , in-car and out door signal strength is given,
then asset will decides itself the number of sites and proposed location. But practically
this is not the case and numbers of sites are given by the operator to keep capex under
control.
Once the first phase is deployed and then new sites are deployed just on the basis of
population specially in dense urban areas, then it will create the frequency planning and
neighbor list issues after sometime due to ill-planned sites. To avoid this, it is better to
divide the dense urban area in the grid of 500 meters and then deploy the sites (same
methodology is adopted in telenor unlike mobilink who had to install thousands of indoor
BTS to avoid so many handoffs due to the ill-planned BTS which created the problem of
neighbor list).
Vertical Mapper
DT data can be used to display in vertical mapper after making *.tab files (e.g. Rx, Tx,
DRC rate, Rx throughput for EVDO). This information can be sown in vertical mapper in
GRID
DTmake *.tab file in CNA import in Mapinfothen click New Browser to see
table, then in TableMaintenance->Table structure check if the table values in all
columns is Character if it is so change it to FLOATcheck if in table value are in
negative (to make EVDO graph in vertical mapper I did only use positive valuesto
remove negative values go to QuerySelect and in table use table and in ASSIST
coloumn type VALUE and expression will be ‘value < 0’ and in next two options
‘selection’ and ‘value’it will show all the negative valuesdelete them by delete
button on key boardclick New Browser again and it will show all the remaining
positive valuesopen vertical mappercreate gridInterpolationNatural neighbour
(advance)Use cluster regionSlope (Hermitian smoothing)it will make the
gridclick show/hide grid managerclick color to check legend and modify it
Blue Marble utility can be installed and can be used with Mapinfo as GPS tool. When it
will be installed, an folder ‘gps’ will be created with ‘tools’ folder in mapinfo and can be
added in tools. This way we can use GPS in Mapinfo directly
Pilot Panorama
It supports CDM, MDM and CAIT/ACTIX formats. Sometime if some CDM files are not
working in ACTIX, it can be used in Pilot Panorama

FileOpen Project (new pan will be open in left side), select WGS-84 in Ellipsoid name
and choose Decimal Long-Lat radio buttonright click Test data and select New test
data (pop window will be opened)select file and COMMIT it and then APPEND (if
you want to use multiple DT files then each time select file and commit and append it)
after appending all the files don’t use close option rather use X sign of the popped up
windowclick MAPin popped up window click Coveragein new popped up
window select all the files and OKby default it will show Ec/Io, it can be checked by
clicking Map Legend (by clicking Change Grid other values link Rx, Tx can also be seen
but one by one along with Ec/Io and some other analysis may also be done by using
newly appeared tabs)configure Item on Map and then right clicking on test data and
cthen on ceoverage all the parameters can be observedto make tab files and export in to
mapinfo Datadata and then test data and then merge (it will merge all the loaded files
in one file give this new file a name)export to MapInfo (window will be pooped up
and here select which tables you need in the mapinfo link RxAGC, TxAGC, FFER,
totalEc/Io) and then it will ask about the file from where data needs to be export. Select
the merged fileit will make MIF file which can only be imported in MapInfo
TableImport it will make mapinfo tab file
How to show information in Google earth from MapInfo directly
Use any of available mapin Layer option select what information required (e.g. Site
name)From Tools select Tool Manager and select Google Earth Connection Utility
This will provide in Map option with Google Earth link select the area to be shown in
Google Earthopen the option and select Export Selected Objects (KML)Select the
source of the Place name as ‘Select second option and may be the ‘place name’’it will
open the information in Google Earth (If it doesn’t connect directly to Google Earth and
gives error, don’t worry. The KML file will be created in My Document folder, as path
selected, click on it and the required file will be opened in Google Earth.)
Site See
How to create map like one ‘provided by jamil for ITR showing sectors and related
information’
Make a file with all information you required to show ‘name, ID, Lat, Long, PN,
azimuth, Tilt, etc…… in MS Excel
Open this file in MapInfo and then open ToolsTools managerselect Site See (if not
being shown, add it using ADD utility) Site See option will be available in Table as
WFI Site SeeCreate Site Boundaries Enter values in table Latitude as Lat (as the
heading of table), Longitude as Long, Radius as decided, Beamwidth 65 or according to
antenna, in Orientation select Azimuth
Spider Graph (MapInfo)
It is used to display some information graphically available in tabular form. Like if we
need to show the graphical links of DRS available in table with Origin (Lat, Long) and

destination (Lat, Long). We can put these origins and destinations in spider graph and it
will show all the links graphically, available in the table.
Neighbor verification
Spider Graph
MCOM
NB_DISPLAY_HW / SHOW NEIGHBOR (with the help of MAPBASIC)
GTOOL
Mapper
NBR view
Plan Check
EVDO Testing
How to check U/L and D/L in any EVDO coverage area
Connect via EVDO connection
Open DOS (cmd)
Connect to ftp via command ‘ftp 202.125.143.126’
Login ‘pdsn’
Pwd ‘pdsn’
Use command ‘hash’ to show activity
Then ‘dir’ to check files on ftp server
‘get filename’ to download
‘put filename’ to upload
‘quit’ and ‘exit’ to exit dos
Buffer
Clip boundaries from maps to see each area/district sites then ‘save as window’ in *.jpg
format
Voronoi
With it, we can see the center point between two sites. Like if we load phase-II sites and
use Voronoi (TableVoronoi) it will show the center points among all sites. If there’s any
uncovered area, by using this, we can see which one is the nearest site to that area.
Further by seeing the sectors of particular site it can be observed if BTS is facing in that
uncovered area.
Create Points
If the information of LAT LONG is available in excel sheet, then this map can be created
in MapInfo. TableCreate Point. If other information is available in excel then this can
be displayed as well.

Interference – How to find it and the procedure to follow
How to decide if it is internal or external interference
Attach the analyzer with any of the feeder cable from BTS for ‘reverse channel’ and
check the waveform. If interference is there and been shown on the analyzer but no
spikes are coming on the analyzer then it is definitely internal interference.
This is due to HW and feeders’ connectors, DUP/LNA/HPA cards need to be checked
closely
Legitimate difference in Main and Average RSSI
Safe limit is 6-8 dB, 8dB is OK only if it is not repeated.
Difference in Main and Average RSSI is usually due to HW (DUP/LNA/HPA/loose
connectors) & the strength of signal being received on both receiving antenna and
sometime due to other mobile system within 5-10 meters distance.
Main RSSI range is from -116-100 dB but ideally it should be -116-114. We accept
though up to -100 but standard is up to -108 dB.
In 1900 MHz system if RSSI remains constant on -106 then DRS needs to be checked in
near location.
1. First of all check out the reports from BSC/OMC for the last one week to see if it
comes on particular time period or can be observed all the time.
2. If it comes on particular times then it is advisable to do activity in that time
3. Before starting the activity, take the RSSI in real time for the affected BTSs to
make sure the affected BTSs/sectors or only carriers
4. Used Yagi antenna wit spectrum analyzer and scan the area to check where the
interference comes or it shoots up
5. If you find any interference and able to locate to suspected network causing the
interference (in Peshawar it was CATV), try to get them off and ask the engineer
in OMC to check RSSI if they are OK or still affected. If the RSSI are OK ask the
engineer to take screen shots and save them
6. If there are other suspected networks (as in Peshawar, there were 8 operators and
3 of them causing interference), scan all the areas where the suspected network is
operating and check them by getting them off and see the effect by observing the
RSSI in OMC
Suspected networks on 1900 MHz
1. DRS installed by PTCL
2. Microwave links of mobile or WLL operators
To scan 1900 MHz, first keep the scanning span 1.25 MHz and then increase it to 5 M, 10
M and 50 MHz to see if any nearer channel is disturbing.
In the area, where interference is being observed, check the installation of DRS and
microwave links and go close to them to see, if the interference level is increasing.
Suspected networks on 450 MHz

1. CATV – video signal span is 200-400 KHz and shape is of VSB (Vestigial Side
Band) S39, S40 standards disturb the WLL signal. Allowable signal leakage for
cable is 20µV/meter.
2. UHF links working in this band with span of 200-400 KHz
3. Sometime interference with span of 800-1000 KHz comes frequently with sharp
spikes but this is due to vehicle engines passing by.
To scan 450 MHz, first keep the scanning span 1.25 MHz and then decrease it to 1M,
500K, 200 KHz. If still the interference can’t be detected or the interference is detected
but the shape of interference signal is not confirmed then adjust the interference
frequency as the center frequency on the analyzer and see the shape.

HIRS BTS Racks/cards and distribution of resources
Cards
Shelf 1
Shelf 2
Shelf 3
Shelf 4

1 2
DUP
α, C1
HPA
α, C1
TXA
α, C1

3
DUP/Combiner
α, C2
HPA
β, C1
TXA
C1

4
DUP
β, C1
HPA
∞,C1

5
DUP/Combiner
β,C2
HPA
α, C2

β, TXA TXA
∞,C1 α, C2

6
DUP
∞,C1
HPA
β,C2

7
DUP/Combiner
∞,C2
HPA
∞,C2

TXA TXA
β,C2 ∞,C2

Shelf 5
(Baseband
Shelf)
For Tx: E1BasebandTXAHPADUPAntenna
For Rx: AntennaDUPTXABaseband (CDSU)E1
If in Shelf 1, for one sector one card is DUP and second card is Combiner, then both
carriers are being transmitted by DUP card and combiner is combining both carriers to be
transmitted through DUP card. If both cards are DUP, then one carrier C1 is being
transmitted by DUP at position 2 and second carrier C2 is being transmitted trough DUP
card at position 3. Same configuration will be followed for other two sectors.
For receiving the signal, in one sector first DUP card is for main diversity and second
DUP card is for Average Diversity.
In one BTS antenna housing, two antennas are installed for transmitting one carrier from
each antenna but for receiving end both antennas receive both carriers.
After changing cards in TXA shelf, if alarming still exists, check clock cable on the back
panel.
Subsystem 2,3,4 means first carrier for all three sectors and subsystem 5,6,7 means
second carrier for all three sectors (numeric values are card positions in HIRS for
carriers)
S(3, 3, 3) configuration in ZTE BTS
ZXC10 one cabinet can support only two carriers (S2,2,2) for all of three sectors because
no space available for third carrier for all sectors. For this new ZXC10 rack has to be
added. In this scenario, main rack will be having one DUP in position 2 and combiner at
position 3 in first shelf and same for other two sectors. For 3rd carrier of each sector, three
DUP cards will be added in new rack and connected to main rack through combiner. For
transmitting the signal same configuration will be followed as of previous paragraph. But
for receiving all main three carriers of one sector will be received at main rack (DUP) and
all the three diversity of sector will be received at DUP card in new rack for same sector.
Same methodology for other two sectors

How to change APT (or ZRX) files into KMZ file:
1) Open APT (or ZRX) file in CNA
2) From Phone Table, select any one parameter and open it New Table
3) In the Table Operation, Export to CSV
4) Save the CSV file in Excel worksheet format
5) Open the "Phone2GE" file and enable Macros.
6) From the just created new excel file, run the macro.
7) The KML file will be saved in C: root directory
8) After opening KML file in google earth, "Save as" file and select type as KMZ.