printing

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Content

C O L O R

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Light is the only energy we can see, it in the form of color

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COLOR THEORY

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Do colors have personality ?

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There are wo color systems

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Additive color/Light color
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Subtractive Color
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COLOR MODEL
RGB :The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green, and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors. The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors, red, green, and blue. RGB have 16.68 millions color

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CMYK :CMYK color model is an subtractive color model in which Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and key (Black ) used in color printing . CMYK have 4.29 billions color reproduce

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CIE L*A*B :The CIE system developed on by the Commission International de l’Eclairage of France at the year 1931 . Lab have 16.68 millions color reproduce

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YCC :YCC model has become an important color model in the graphic arts industry. This color system is the basis of PhotoCD scanners . The RGB or CMYK usually stores images with more space in the hard drive

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HSB:
HSB may be the most complex scheme to visualize, especially since color selection software has to reduce its three descriptive dimensions to two dimensions on the monitor screen.

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Hue is the actual color. It is measured in angular degrees around the cone starting and ending at red = 0 or 360 (so yellow = 60, green = 120, etc.). v Saturation is the purity of the color, measured in percent from the center of the cone (0) to the surface (100). At 0% saturation, hue is meaningless. vBrightness is measured in percent from black (0) to white (100). At 0% brightness
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Types of Printing
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Flexography Gravure Latter press Offset Sereen

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Distribution by Process Printing, Publishing and Packaging
1995 Offset Lithography Water-based Waterless Gravure Flexography Letterpress Screen & other Plate Systems Electronic, ink Jet, etc (non-Plate) 47% 46% 1% 20% 18% 7% 3% 5% 2025* 30% 20% 10% 20% 20% 2% 2% 26%

* Projections by Mike Bruno, an industry consultant

Flexography

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Flexography is a form of printing process which utilizes a flexible relief plate. It is basically an updated version of letterpress that can be used for printing on almost any type of substrate including plastic, metallic films, cellophane, and paper. It is widely used for printing on the non-porous substrates required for various types of food packaging (it is also well suited for printing large areas of solid color).

Brief Overview of the Printing Process 1. Ink Roller The Ink Roller transfers the ink that is located in the ink pan to the second roller, which is the Anilox Roller. 2. Anilox Roller This is what makes Flexography unique. The Anilox Roller meters the predetermined ink that is transferred for uniform thickness. It has engraved cells that carry a certain capacity of inks that can only be seen with a microscope. 3. Plate Cylinder

Flexographic printing inks
There are five types of inks that can be used in flexography: 1. Solvent-based Inks 2.Water-based Inks 3.EB (Electron Beam) curing inks 4. UV(ultraviolet) Curing Inks 5. two-part chemically-curing inks (usually based on polyurethane isocyanate reactions)

Although these are uncommon at the

Preprint refers to jobs that require "preprinting" prior to bag conversion. The following are preprint criteria:
Greater than four colors/prints (maximum of six colors)

Gravure
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gravure printing an image is etched on the surface of a metal plate, the etched area is filled with ink, then the plate is rotated on a cylinder that transfers the image to the paper or other material.

 Environmental protection
Gravure is an environmentally friendly printing process. Special care is taken to ensure the application of the most ecological production methods for the printing process, as well as for the production of materials. Currently, publication gravure printers and suppliers are active in the following areas: -Increasing use of papers with higher recycled fibre content -Use of chlorine free bleached paper -Use of highly effective solvent recovery installations -Application of latest methods to save paper, ink and energy -Further reduction of residual ink solvent content in publication gravure products -Processing of gravure inks with even more environmental friendly formulations

Uses
Gravure printing process is used for long runs of multi-colored, high quality jobs at high press speeds. Examples of gravure printed products include art books, greeting cards, advertising, currency, stamps, wall paper, wrapping paper, magazines, wood laminates and some packaging. Gravure printing is a direct printing process that uses a type of image carrier called intaglio

Ink in Gravure
Gravure printers usually use solvent-based inks, although use of water-based is increasing due to regulatory issues. Processes that continue to use solvent inks can run considerably faster than processes that have changed to water-based inks

Benefits of gravure, unavailable with other methods Due to the precise ability of the gravure cell to lay down a specific amount of ink, gravure is able to print the widest variety of inks, UV, water based, solvent, metallics, flourescents - from the lightest continuous vignette to heavy laydowns resembling screen printing

Offset

Lithography... "writing on stone". Its general meaning is planographic printing, or printing from a plane surface. Lithography is more known by its common name "offset".

indigo

The indigo E-Print is a combination of the copier and an offset press. The "printing" plate is an photoconductor that receives an image electronically through a computer RIP. The image is then "toned" by a fluid ink, one ink at a time. Six colors are available, the four process colors plus two special spot colors. The photoconductor then transfers the ink to a heated offset blanket which in turn transfers the ink to the substrate and the process is repeated. The heated blanket drives off the solvent in the fluid ink/toner.

Screen Printing
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Formally known as Silk-Screen Printing. This method employs a porous screen such as fine silk, Nylon or Dacron mounted on a frame. A stencil is produced on the screen either photomechanically or manually. The non-printing areas are protected by the stencil. Printing is done on paper, cloth or other substrates under the screen by applying an ink which has a paint-like consistency to the screen. The ink is forced through the

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