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IVAN PAVLOV
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was born on September 14, 1849 at Ryazan Russia. His main interest was physiology. What made him famous was the Classical Conditioning theory. The bulk of his research was in the years 1891-1900 on the physiology of digestion. In 1903 Pavlov read a paper on The Experimental Psychology and Psychopathology of Animals. The paper gives the definition of conditioned and unconditioned reflexes. It also states that the conditioned reflex should be considered a psychological phenomenon. It was concluded that the conditioned reflex was part of highly developed forms of reactions in animals and humans to their environment. It was determined that external actions, which coincided in time with an unconditioned reflex, could become the conditioned signal for the creation of a new condition reflex. A conditioned reflex can be created and can also be repressed if it proves to be wrong too often. Pavlov also believed that conditioned reflexes could explain the behavior of psychotic people. He suggested that people who withdrew from the world may associate all stimulus with possible injury or threat. In 1904 Ivan Pavlov was awarded the Nobel Prize. He created the first learning theory which precedes the reinforcement learning theory. Classical conditioning does not include rewards and punishments which are key terms in the reinforcement learning theory. Classical conditioning is creating relationships by association. An example of Ivan Pavlov experiments went something like this: A dog sees his food and salivates. An unconditioned response. Food ->Salivation. Unconditional Stimulus ->Unconditioned Response. A bell is rung at the same time that a dog sees his food and salivates. This is repeated several times. A bell is rung without the food and the dog salivates. Bell ->Salivation Conditioned Stimulus ->Conditioned Response A bell is rung and no food is given to the dog. This is repeated several times. A bell is rung without food and the dog no longer salivates. Bell -> No Salivation Stimulus -> No Response Psychological manipulation "mind control" has been documented for over a hundred years.

Classical Conditioning Video - Ivan Pavlov

Behavior and Fear Conditioning Video Negative Conditioning Constant State of Interrogation Conditioned Words - The Identification Word or The Trigger Word People and Discoveries Ivan Pavlov 1849-1936 Nobel e-Museum Ivan Pavlov - Biography CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

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Social Learning Theory (Bandura)
Summary: Bandura¶s Social Learning Theory posits that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling. The theory has often been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation. Originator: Albert Bandura Key Terms: Modeling, reciprocal determinism Social Learning Theory (Bandura) People learn through observing others¶ behavior, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviors. ³Most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.´ (Bandura). Social learning theory explains human behavior in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences. Necessary conditions for effective modeling: 1. Attention ² various factors increase or decrease the amount of attention paid. Includes distinctiveness, affective valence, prevalence, complexity, functional value. One¶s characteristics (e.g. sensory capacities, arousal level, perceptual set, past reinforcement) affect attention. 2. 3. 4. Retention ² remembering what you paid attention to. Includes symbolic coding, mental images, cognitive organization, symbolic rehearsal, motor rehearsal Reproduction ² reproducing the image. Including physical capabilities, and self-observation of reproduction. Motivation ² having a good reason to imitate. Includes motives such as past (i.e. traditional behaviorism), promised (imagined incentives) and vicarious (seeing and recalling the reinforced model) Bandura believed in ³reciprocal determinism´, that is, the world and a person¶s behavior cause each other, while behaviorism essentially states that one¶s environment causes one¶s behavior, Bandura, who was studying adolescent aggression, found this too simplistic, and so in addition he suggested that behavior causes environment as well. Later, Bandura soon considered personality as an interaction between three components: the environment, behavior, and one¶s psychological processes (one¶s ability to entertain images in minds and language). Social learning theory has sometimes been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation. The theory is related to Vygotsky¶s Social Development Theoryand Lave¶s Situated Learning, which also emphasize the importance of social learning. For more information, see:

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Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman. Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press. Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of Behavior Modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Bandura, A. & Walters, R. (1963). Social Learning and Personality Development. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.