powerplant opera.on, flight characteris.cs, or other
quali.es affec.ng airworthiness; or
! (2) That is not done according to accepted prac.ces
or cannot be done by elementary opera.ons.
!
• Minor repair means a repair other than a major
repair.
Part 21
• Cer.fica.on Procedures for Product and Parts
• The requirements of and the procedures for
obtaining type cer.ficates, supplemental type
cer.ficates, produc.on cer.ficates,
airworthiness cer.ficates, and import and export
approvals
Part 21
• Issuance of an Airworthiness Cer.ficate
• Designated Altera.on Sta.on (DAS)
!
Tes.ng & Cer.fica.on
• Part Manufacture Approval (PMA)
• Technical Standard Order (TSO)
• Instruc.ons for Con.nued Airworthiness (ICA)
!
Maintenance manuals and instruc.ons on how to
keep an aircraY airworthy
Part 23
• Airworthiness Standards: Normal, U.lity,
Acroba.c, and Commuter Category Airplanes
• Sea.ng 9 or less
!
Commuter aircraY – 19 seats
• Maximum takeoff weight – 12,500 pounds
!
Commuter aircraY – 19,000 pounds
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Part 23
Subpart A — Applicability of Part 23
Subpart B — Flight
Subpart C — Structure
Subpart D — Design and Construc.on
Subpart E — Powerplant
Subpart F — Equipment
Subpart G — Opera.ng Limita.ons and
Informa.on
Part 45
• Iden.fica.on and Registra.on Marking
• 12” N# lelering
• PMA Replacement Parts
The lelers “FAA-‐PMA”
! The name, symbol, or trademark of the holder of the
PMA
! Part number
! Name and model designa.on for each type-‐
cer.ficated product on which it can be installed
! If a part has a specified replacement .me, inspec.on
interval, or other related procedure specifica.on -‐
Serial number
!
•
•
•
•
•
•
Part 45 -‐ Dataplate
Builder’s name
Model designa.on
Builder’s serial number
Type cer.ficate number (if any)
Produc.on cer.ficate number (if any)
Reference to compliance or exemp.on to 14 CFR
Part 34, Fuel Ven.ng and Exhaust Emission
Requirements for Turbine Engine Powered
Airplanes
Part 43
• Maintenance, Preven.ve Maintenance,
Rebuilding, and Altera.on
• Applies to cer.fied aircraY and components
• Doesn’t apply to Special Airworthiness
Cer.ficate (Experimental AircraY)
Part 43.2
• Records of overhaul and rebuilding
Overhaul – repaired to “service limits”
! Rebuilt – returned to same tolerances and limits as a
new item
!
Part 43.3
• Persons authorized to perform maintenance,
preven.ve maintenance, rebuilding, and
altera.ons
• “Except as provided in this sec.on and §43.17,
no person may maintain, rebuild, alter, or
perform preven.ve maintenance on an aircraY,
airframe, aircraY engine, propeller, appliance, or
component part to which this part applies.
Those items, the performance of which is a
major altera.on, a major repair, or preven.ve
maintenance, are listed in appendix A”
Part 43.3
• Cer.fied mechanic per part 65.
• Cer.fied repairman per part 65.
• Person working under the supervision of a
cer.fied mechanic or repairman.
• Holder of repair sta.on cer.ficate.
• Holder of an air carrier cer.ficate.
• Holder of pilot cer.ficate may perform
preven.ve maintenance on an aircraY he or she
owns or operates
• Manufacturer may inspect and rebuild any item
it has manufactured
Part 43.5
• Approval for return to service aYer
maintenance, preven.ve maintenance,
rebuilding, or altera.on
• Returning an aircraY component of an aircraY to
service aYer maintenance, preven.ve
maintenance, rebuilding or altera.on must be
done by crea.ng an appropriate maintenance
record entry as required by either 43.9 or 43.11.
• FAA Form 337 for a major repair or a major
altera.on.
Part 43.5
• Repair – Return the aircraY to its previous or
unaltered condi.on
• Altera.on – Changes or modifica.on to an
aircraY from its previous state
• Major – repair/altera.on that might appreciably
affect weight, balance, structural strength,
performance, powerplant opera.on, flight
characteris.cs, or other quali.es affec.ng
airworthiness, and that are not done according
to accepted prac.ces
!
Refer to Part 43 appendix A
Part 43.5
• Documenta.on requirements
Minor repairs and altera.ons need only to refer to
“acceptable data”, such as manufacturers’
maintenance manuals or AC 43.13-‐1
! Major repairs and altera.ons require “approved
data”
!
• Examples of approved data are: AD Notes, STCs, TCDS’s,
DAS specific authoriza.ons, DER (Designated Engineering
Representa.ve) specific delega.ons, and FAA-‐approved
manufacturer Service Bulle.ns.
Part 43.7
• Persons authorized to approve aircraY,
airframes, aircraY engines, propellers,
appliances, or component parts for return to
service aYer maintenance, preven.ve
maintenance, rebuilding, or altera.on
Part 43.7
• Cer.fied mechanic or holder of an inspec.on
authoriza.on
• Holder of a repair sta.on cer.ficate
• Manufacturer
• Holder of an air carrier cer.ficate
• Cer.ficated private pilot
• Repairman cer.ficated with a maintenance
ra.ng for light sport aircraY only.
• Cer.ficated sport pilot for preven.ve
maintenance on an aircraY owned and or
operated by him or her.
Part 43.9
• Content, form and disposi.on of maintenance,
preven.ve maintenance, rebuilding, and
altera.on records
• List of maintenance ac.ons includes “preven.ve
maintenance.”
Pilots must record maintenance
! Record every maintenance ac.on you do
!
• “The signature cons.tutes the approval for
return to service only for the work performed”
!
No need for “is hereby returned to service”
Part 43.9
• Log entries for maintenance
!
What – A descrip.on of the work performed.
• Short and to the point
!
When – the date the work was completed
• Op.onal – TT (Total Time) .me
!
Who – The name of the person who did the work if
other than the person who approves the “return to
service”
The signature, cer.ficate number and type of
cer.ficate of the person who is approving the work
for “return to service”
Part 43.9
• Log entries for maintenance
!
Requirements are different than log entries for
inspec.on (Part 43.11)
• Recommenda.ons
Be clear and neat
! Include S/N for major components
! Include TT
! Type your log entries
! Keep a record of your common entries so you can
reuse them
!
• AircraY
Typical Log Books
Main log
! Recommend logging everything in the aircraY log
!
• Engine(s)
• Propeller(s)
!
Some.mes, part of the aircraY or engine log books
• Avionics
!
Some.mes, part of the aircraY log book
Example Log Entry
01/10/2011 – TT 2557.5 – Removed left tire; cleaned
and visual inspected wheel; cleaned, inspected and
greased bearing and races; installed new inner tube
and tire, reinstalled wheel and tire; and performed
landing gear retraction test.
John Doe A&P 12345678
Part 43.10
• Disposi.on of life-‐limited aircraY parts
• Life-‐limited part – Any part for which a
mandatory replacement limit has been specified
• Life status means the accumulated cycles, hours,
or any other mandatory limit of life-‐limited part.
• The person removing the part must control the
part and assure proper tracking of the life-‐
limi.ng factor(s)
• Prevent installa.on of a part aYer reaching its
life limit
Part 43.10
• Methods of disposi.on compliance:
Recordkeeping
! Tagging
! Non-‐permanent marking
! Permanent marking
! Segrega.on
! Mu.la.on
! Any other method approved or accepted by the FAA
!
Part 43.11
• Content, form, and disposi.on of records for
inspec.ons conducted under parts 91 and 125,
and §135.411(a)(1) and 135.419 of this chapter.
• Inspec.ons
!
Part 43.11
Annual
• Lasts 12 months
• Airworthy un.l end of month, one year later
• IA required
• Special ferry permit require for overdue aircraY
• Inspec.ons
!
Part 43.11
100 hour
• For commercial aircraY
• A&P can signoff
• Annual can serve as an 100 hour
• An aircraY can be flown 10 hours aYer a 100 hour
inspec.on is due to reach a place where the inspec.on
can be performed. The extra hours are subtracted from
the next 100 hour interval
• Inspec.ons
!
Part 43.11
Progressive
• Inspec.on system designed to break a 100-‐hour or annual
inspec.on down into small parts
!
Reduce down .me
• Divided into two basic inspec.on items
!
!
Rou.ne inspec.on items
» Rou.ne inspec.on items are defined as visual inspec.on with
no disassembly required to perform
Detailed inspec.on items
» Detailed inspec.on items are defined as those items
requiring a thorough examina.on and disassembly to
perform
• Inspec.ons
!
Part 43.11
Progressive
• Shall provide for complete inspec.on of the aircraY within
each 12 calendar months
• Begins with a complete annual inspec.on
• Must be approved by the FAA
• Follow manufacturer’s recommenda.ons
• A&P can perform most of the inspec.on items
• IA must supervise a progressive
Part 43.11
• Log entries for inspec.on
What – type of inspec.on, including a brief
descrip.on
! When – the date of the inspec.on and the total .me
in service
!
• Must have total .me, unlike maintenance logs
!
Who –The signature, cer.ficate number and type of
cer.ficate of the person who is approving or
disapproving the “return to service”
• A disapproved inspec.on is s.ll a completed inspec.on
Part 43.11
• Approved standard inspec.on
!
"I cer.fy that this aircraY has been inspected in
accordance with (insert type) inspec.on and was
determined to be in airworthy condi.on.”
• Disapproved (rejected) standard inspec.on
!
"I cer.fy that this aircraY has been inspected in
accordance with (insert type) inspec.on and a list of
discrepancies and unairworthy items dated (date)
has been provided for the aircraC owner or
operator.”
Part 43.11
• Approved progressive inspec.on
!
"I cer.fy that in accordance with a progressive
inspec.on program, a rou.ne inspec.on of (iden.fy
whether aircraY or components) and a detailed
inspec.on of (iden.fy components) were performed
and the (aircraY or components) are approved for
return to service.”
Part 43.11
• Disapproved (rejected) progressive inspec.on
!
"I cer.fy that in accordance with a progressive
inspec.on program, a rou.ne inspec.on of (iden.fy
whether aircraY or components) and a detailed
inspec.on of (iden.fy components) were performed
and the (aircraY or components) are disapproved for
return to service and a list of discrepancies and
unairworthy items dated (date) has been provided
to the aircraC owner or operator.”
Part 43.11
• A disapproved inspec.on is a complete and
chargeable inspec.on
• The inspected item is airworthy except the list of
discrepancies and unairworthy items
• For a disapproved inspec.on
!
List of discrepancies can be address by a repair
sta.on or cer.fied technician
• Includes A&Ps
Log entries for repairs addressing the list of
discrepancies is a “return to service”
! No need to redo the inspec.on
!
Annual/100 Hour Inspec.on
• When a 100-‐hour inspec.on is completed, if
separate maintenance records for the airframe,
powerplant(s), and propeller(s) are maintained,
the log entry for the inspec.on is recorded in
each log book
Part 43.13
• Performance rules (general)
• Part 43.13 is 3 paragraphs long – AC 43.13
expands on the 3 paragraphs
Part 43.13
• Each person performing maintenance,
altera.on, or preven.ve maintenance on an
aircraY, engine, propeller, or appliance shall use
the methods, techniques, and prac.ces
prescribed in the current manufacturer's
maintenance manual or Instruc.ons for
Con.nued Airworthiness prepared by its
manufacturer, or other methods, techniques,
and prac.ces acceptable to the Administrator
Informa.on must be current or marked for reference
only
! Prac.ces acceptable to the Administrator – AC 43.13
!
Part 43.13
• Mechanic shall use the tools, equipment, and
test apparatus necessary to assure comple.on
of the work in accordance with accepted
industry prac.ces.
If special equipment or test apparatus is
recommended by the manufacturer involved, the
mechanic must use that equipment or apparatus or
its equivalent acceptable to the Administrator
! All tools that need tes.ng and calibra.on must be
kept current. The tool must be marked with tes.ng
informa.on and expira.on date.
! If a tool is out of calibra.on it must be mark for
reference only
!
Part 43.15
• Addi.onal Performance Rules for Inspec.ons
• RotorcraY Inspec.on
The drive shaYs or similar systems
! The main rotor transmission gear box for obvious
defects
! The main rotor and center sec.on (or the equivalent
area)
! The auxiliary rotor on helicopters
!
Part 43.15
• Annual and 100-‐hour inspec.ons
!
Shall use a checklist
• The checklist may be of the person's own design
• One provided by the manufacturer of the equipment
being inspected
• One obtained from another source
• This checklist must include the scope and detail of the
items contained in Part 43 appendix D
Part 43.15
• Annual or 100 hour reciproca.ng engine
inspec.on
!
Run the aircraY engine or engines to determine
sa.sfactory performance in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommenda.ons
• Power output (sta.c and idle R.P.M.)
• Magnetos
• Fuel and oil pressure
• Cylinder and oil temperature
Part 43.15
• Annual or 100 hour turbine engine inspec.on
!
Run the aircraY engine or engines to determine
sa.sfactory performance in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommenda.ons
• Details on Progressive Inspec.on
• For aircraY away from the sta.on, perform
inspec.ons in accordance with the procedures
and using the forms of the person who would
otherwise perform the inspec.on.
Part 43.16
• Airworthiness limita.ons
• The technician performing inspec.on or
maintenance ac.ons on an aircraY must be
certain to have the appropriate data available
• The technician is responsible to perform
inspec1on or maintenance in accordance with
the instruc1ons
Part 43 Appendix A
• Major Altera.ons, Major Repairs, and Preven.ve
Maintenance
• Appendix A provides a comprehensive, but not
exclusive, list of the items
• Preven.ve maintenance work may be
accomplished by the holder of at least a private
pilot cer.ficate provided he or she is the owner
or operator of that aircraY, and it is not
operated under part 121, 129, or 135.
Part 43 Appendix B
• Recording of Major Repairs and Major
Altera.ons
• Major Repairs and Altera.ons require a 337
One for the aircraY owner
! One for the FAA
!
• Must be sent in within 48 hours
For extended-‐range fuel tanks installed within the
passenger compartment or a baggage compartment
(ferry tanks), a third copy is kept in the plane
! Op.on – Mechanic should keep a copy
!
Part 43 Appendix B
• Cer.ficated repair sta.on comple.ng a major
repair, it may provide the customer with a signed
copy of the work order and a maintenance
release signed by an authorized representa.ve
of the repair sta.on, instead of the FAA Form
337
Part 43 Appendix D
• Scope and Detail of Items (as Applicable to the
Par.cular AircraY) To Be Included in Annual and
100 Hour Inspec.ons
• Contains the list of items and areas to be
inspected for an annual and 100 hour inspec.on
!
List for annual and 100 hour are exactly the same
Part 43 Appendix D
• Each person performing an annual or 100-‐hour
inspec.on shall, before that inspec.on, remove
or open all necessary inspec.on plates, access
doors, fairing, and cowling. He shall thoroughly
clean the aircraC and aircraC engine.
• Any miscellaneous item not covered in the
detailed list provided must also be inspected for
improper installa.on and opera.on
Part 43 Appendix E
• Al.meter System Test and Inspec.on
!
(Pitot/Sta.c Tes.ng)
• From 91.411 -‐ no person may operate an aircraY
in controlled airspace under IFR unless the
aircraY has had this test completed successfully
within the preceding 24 months.
• Lists detailed tes.ng of the sta.c pressure
system, the al.meter, and the automa.c
pressure al.tude repor.ng equipment
Part 43 Appendix F
• ATC Transponder Tests and Inspec.ons
• From 91.413 -‐ no persons may use an ATC
transponder unless the aircraY has had this test
completed successfully within the preceding 24
month
• Tes.ng required are radio reply frequency,
suppression, receiver sensi.vity, radio frequency
peak output power, and mode S
Part 91
• General Opera.ng and Flight Rules
• 91.7(a) -‐ “no person may operate a civil aircraY
unless it is in an airworthy condi.on.”
• 91.403 -‐ The owner/operator holds the primary
responsibility for maintaining the aircraY in
airworthy condi.on
• 91.403 -‐ Any inopera.ve instruments or
equipment must be properly placarded as
inopera.ve.
Part 91
• 91.407 -‐ Whenever the aircraY has undergone
maintenance, preven.ve maintenance,
rebuilding or altera.on, it must have been
approved for return to service and a proper
entry made in the maintenance records
• 91.407 -‐ If the maintenance that was done could
have appreciably changed the flight
characteris.cs, an appropriately rated pilot must
perform an opera.onal flight check of the
aircraY and must make an entry of the flight in
the maintenance records
Part 91
• 91.411 -‐ Al.meter system and al.tude repor.ng
equipment tests and inspec.ons
• 91.413 — ATC transponder tests and inspec.ons
• 91.417 -‐ There is no requirement that the
maintenance records of the aircraY be carried
on the aircraY
Except ferry tanks
! Very wise idea to have the logbook copied or
scanned, and retained at a separate loca.on
!
Part 91.417 -‐ Logged
• Records of the maintenance, preven.ve
maintenance, and altera.on and records of the
100-‐hour, annual, progressive, and other
required or approved inspec.ons
Part 91.417 -‐ Logged
• The total .me in service of the airframe, each
engine, each propeller, and each rotor
• The current status of life-‐limited parts of each
airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, and appliance
• The .me since last overhaul of all items installed
on the aircraY which are required to be
overhauled on a specified .me basis
Part 91.417 -‐ Logged
• The current inspec.on status of the aircraY,
including the .me since the last inspec.on
required by the inspec.on program under which
the aircraY and its appliances are maintained
Part 91.417 -‐ Logged
• The current status of applicable airworthiness
direc.ves (AD) and safety direc.ves including,
for each, the method of compliance, the AD or
safety direc.ve number and revision date
• If the AD or safety direc.ve involves recurring
ac.on, the 1me and date when the next ac1on
is required
Part 91.417
• Records kept un.l the work is repeated or
superseded by other work or for 1 year aYer the
work is performed
!
Records of the maintenance, preven.ve
maintenance, and altera.on and records of the 100-‐
hour, annual, progressive, and other required or
approved inspec.ons
Part 91.417
• Records retained and transferred with the
aircraY at the .me the aircraY is sold
Time limited informa.on
! Overhauls
! Current inspec.on status
! AD status
! 337s
!
Part 91.417
• A list of defects furnished to a registered owner
or operator during annual or 100 hour
inspec.on shall be retained un.l the defects are
repaired and the aircraY is approved for return
to service
• Maintenance records must be made available
upon request to the Administrator or any
authorized representa.ve of the Na.onal
Transporta.on Safety Board
Part 91.419
• Any owner or operator who sells a U.S.-‐
registered aircraY shall transfer to the purchaser,
at the .me of sale, maintenance records, in plain
language form or in coded form at the elec.on
of the purchaser
Part 91.421
• Outlines zero-‐.me and rebuilt engine
• See AC 43-‐11
Suspected Unapproved Parts
• Black market part can be very profitable and
dangerous
• If the paperwork doesn’t match the part, don’t
use the part
Parts should have something like an FAA form 8130-‐3
! Return to seller
! No.fy part manufacturer
!
• AC 21-‐29 -‐ Detec.ng and Repor.ng Suspected
Unapproved Parts
Airworthiness Direc.ves
• ADs
• FAA issues airworthiness direc.ves in response
to deficiencies and/or unsafe condi.ons found in
aircraY, engines, propellers, or other aircraY
parts
• ADs require that the relevant problem must be
corrected on all aircraY or aircraY parts using
the same design
Airworthiness Direc.ves
• Once an AD has been issued, a person/company
is authorized to use the affected aircraY or part
only if it has been corrected in accordance with
the AD.
• Electronic versions of ADs are available from the
Federal Register and from the Regulatory and
Guidance Library
AD Content
• A descrip.on of the unsafe condi.on.
• The product to which the AD applies.
• The required correc.ve ac.on or opera.ng
limita.ons, or both.
• The AD effec.ve date.
• A compliance .me
Some may be recurring
! Airframe hours, Months/Year & Inspec.ons
!
AD Content
• Where to go for more informa.on.
• Informa.on on alterna.ve methods of
compliance with the requirements of the AD
AD Number
AD YY-‐WW-‐NN or AD YYYY-‐WW-‐NN
YY – Last two digits of year – pre 2000
YYYY – Year – 2000 and aYer
WW – Biweekly (two weeks) period
NN – Sequen.al number within each biweekly
period
• Example: AD 87-‐20-‐03 – Seat Tracks
•
•
•
•
•
AircraY Lis.ngs
• Contains the specifica.ons and data for
cer.ficated aircraY when the number of
registered aircraY is 50 or fewer
TCDS AircraY Codes
TCDS AircraY Codes
• Come from Order 8110.4 – Type Cer.fica.on
!
Latest version is 8110.4C rev 5.
• Example: 2PCSM
!
2 Place, Closed, Seaplane, Monoplane
• These are not the air traffic control iden.fiers
From Order JO 7340.2C
! Example: C172 – Cessna 172
! Example B743 – Boeing 747-‐300
!
Supplemental Type Cer.ficate
• STC
• Issued by the FAA approving a product
modifica.on
AircraY
! Engine
! Propeller
!
• It is a “type cer.ficate”
• Approved data
Supplemental Type Cer.ficate
• Possession of the STC document doesn’t
cons.tute rights to the design data or
installa.on of the modifica.on.
• The STC and its suppor.ng data (drawings,
instruc.ons, specifica.ons, and so forth) are the
property of the STC holder
Forms
• Airworthiness Cer.ficates
Forms
• AircraY Registra.on
!
Now last only 3 years
• Radio Sta.on License
Required by FCC not FAA
! Required for flying outside the USA
!
•
•
•
•
337
Required for major repair or altera.on
AC 43.9-‐1 -‐ instruc.ons for comple.on
One for the aircraY owner
One for the FAA
!
Must be sent in within 48 hours
• For extended-‐range fuel tanks installed within
the passenger compartment or a baggage
compartment (ferry tanks), a third copy is kept in