R Stream Water Quality Report

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Stream water quality on the island of Jersey Dr John Langley1, Dr Mark Wyer2, Professor David Kay2, Dr Brian Shutes1, Dr Stephen Kett1, Merle Gwyn1 and Richard Fanthome1
A report to the States of Jersey Public Services Department

June 1997

1

School of Environmental Science and Engineering Middlesex University Trent Park Bramley Road London N14 4YZ

2 Centre for Research into Environment and Health The Environment Centre University of Leeds West Yorkshire LS2 9JT

Table of Contents Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Overview and recommendations The ecological status of Jersey surface stream waters Assessment of water quality in Jersey streams

Section 1

Overview and recommendations Dr Mark Wyer and Professor David Kay

June 1997

Centre for Research into Environment and Health The Environment Centre University of Leeds West Yorkshire

LS2 9JT

Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 2 3 4 Report structure page 1 page 1 page 1 page 2 page 3

Ecological status of Jersey streams Water quality in Jersey streams Management implications and recommendations

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1

Introduction

This report provides an independent assessment of water quality in fresh water streams on the island of Jersey for the States of Jersey Public Services Department (PSd) Pollution Control Unit. The assessment is based on: (i) detailed biological studies of macroinvertebrate fauna and (ii) analysis of water quality data collected by the States of Jersey Public Services Department (PSd) pollution control team. 1.1 Report structure This report has three sections: (i) Section 1 (i.e. the current section) provides an overview of the research undertaken, the main conclusions. This Section also explores management implications and recommendations, (ii) and (iii) Section 3 provides a statistical analysis of water quality data available for Jersey streams and comparisons of data with relevant criteria specified in appropriate EC Directives for surface waters. Section 2 reports the detailed findings of research into the ecological status of Jersey stream waters,

2

Ecological status of Jersey streams

The ecological status of Jersey stream waters was determined through detailed field survey of macroinvertebrate faunal assemblages at 60 sites in ten catchment areas. Field tests and measurement of a range of physicochemical parameters were also made. This study represents the first systematic scientific investigation into biological indicators of stream water quality on Jersey. Overall, 101 macroinvertebrate taxa were found, 14 of which were previously unrecorded on the island. The details of macroinvertebrate communities were used to produce four water quality indices: (i) (ii) (iii) and (iv) Total taxa. Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) index, Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT) (derived from BMWP score), Lincoln Quality Index (LQI) (derived from BMWP and ASPT),

The categorical LQI classes showed water quality to range from excellent (LQI = A++) to very poor (LQI = H). High levels of dissolved oxygen and distance from 1

stream source were factors indicative of better water quality. Factors related to poorer water quality were: impoundment, culverting, channelization, surrounding land use, pollution sources, abstraction for water supply and tidal incursion.

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The biological data were analysed using two statistical tools: (i) DECORANA ordination and (ii) TWINSPAN classification. The DECORANA technique examines the major sources of variation in the data. This analysis found the two main sources of variation in macroinvertebrate communities were related to flow rate in streams and the distance of the sampling site from the source of the stream. This pattern matches results from rivers in the UK mainland. TWINSPAN classification examines similarities between macroinvertebrate communities. The analysis showed ten distinct end groups of similar communities. The primary division of groups related to communities with a proportion of still water species (i.e. usually associated with ponds and lakes) and those containing species only associated with flowing waters. The results demonstrate considerable variability in invertebrate assemblages present within Jersey surface waters. The observed variability provides an index of ecological health resulting from historical water quality sequences and physical characteristics of the upstream channel. This observation suggests considerable potential for the use of invertebrate communities in the identification and evaluation of pollution events where sampling during the episodic passage of polluted water is often not possible. The study of macroinvertebrate communities in Jersey streams also provides a bench mark and range of assemblages characteristic of Jersey streams against which the significance of incremental change and/or pollution related ecological perturbations can be assessed.

3

Water quality in Jersey streams

Over 9000 determinations of water quality from 80 stream sites were available. The monitoring sites cover six catchment areas plus a series of Sites of Special Interest. Parameters include: (i) general measurements: Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand and chloride; (ii) nutrients: ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and potassium; and (iii) faecal indicator organisms: total coliforms, faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci. The data were examined using: (i) simple statistical summaries, (ii) comparisons with EC Directive criteria (drinking water abstraction Directive 75/440/EEC, water for human consumption Directive 80/778/EEC and the fresh water for fish life Directive 78/659/EEC) and (iii) DECORANA ordination and correlation with macroinvertebrate indices. The analyses demonstrate that Jersey stream waters are far from "pristine". Numbers of samples within Guide limits specified in the drinking water abstraction Directive for "waters requiring simple physical treatment" and fresh water for fish life Directive are particularly low. Jersey streams are also characterized by high nitrate concentrations (maximum recorded 1169 mg/l). Over 80% of samples had nitrate concentrations above the drinking water abstraction Imperative and water for human consumption maximum admissible concentration of 50 mg/l (as NO3). Water quality was found to be particularly poor in streams discharging to the south east coastal area. This area has several shell fisheries and nutrient inputs may be of potential importance if they are associated with algal growth which can lead to contamination of shellfish. Analysis of individual sites revealed water quality to be highly variable within many catchments.

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Some catchment outlet sites showed signs of sea water incursion (e.g. high chloride and conductivity). Ordination of water quality data showed main sources of variation to be related to dissolved oxygen and nitrite concentrations and to nitrate and potassium concentrations. The analysis also suggested that median or geometric mean water quality was not highly variable between sites. Correlation of water quality parameters and biological status indices showed several statistically significant relationships. These include: (i) positive relationships with dissolved oxygen, which was also found to be an important factor in the macroinvertebrate study and (ii) negative relationships with other parameters indicating reductions in ecological status with increasing pollutant concentrations. However, though relationships were statistically significant they did not explain a high percentage of variance in ecological status suggesting that factors other than the water quality parameters influence the ecological status of Jersey streams (e.g. channelization and impoundment). Macroinvertebrate assemblages will also reflect historical changes in water quality (e.g. recent pollution events). Thus, water quality parameters do not appear to be the sole, or indeed dominant, indices of ecological status.

4

Management implications and recommendations

The assessment of water quality in Jersey streams suggests that water quality problems on the island have two dimensions: (i) broad scale and (ii) local. At the broad scale, surface water quality on the island is characterized by high nutrient concentrations, in particular nitrate. This is important because the majority of potable water supplied on Jersey is from streams and impoundments exhibiting nitrate concentrations above EC Directive criteria. Other significant concerns derive from potential eutrophication of impoundments and nearshore marine waters which may support blooms of blue-green algae leading to potential toxic scums. Such conditions may present risks to livestock, pets and recreators. High nutrient concentrations are related to intensive agriculture (e.g. potato cropping) which requires relatively high fertilizer applications and have been the subject of a recent cross-committee working party set up by the States of Jersey. Alleviation of such water quality problems will require long term integrated catchment management strategies to reduce excess nutrient loadings from agriculture. Such strategies would require rigorous controls on fertilizer applications to defined sensitive areas of catchments. In the short term, Jersey stream waters abstracted for supply will require denitrification, to achieve reductions in nitrate levels in line with current EC Directive criteria (The States of Jersey are currently under no legal obligation to comply with EC Directives). At the local scale, individual sites have been shown to exhibit poor and highly variable water quality from both the examination of water quality parameters and macroinvertebrate analysis. Such sites (identified in the reports) will require local surveys to investigate site specific pollution sources and action to remediate pollutant inputs. Management in such cases might include construction of wetlands at sites receiving urban runoff.

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The water quality survey by the PSd Pollution Control Unit has provided useful baseline data describing water quality through a spatially detailed examination of several catchments on the island. Future survey work in these catchments could now be reduced to the catchment outlets, or sites close to the outlet not affected by sea water incursion. Detailed survey could then be transferred to establish baseline spatial water quality information for other areas of the island e.g. the west - catchments draining to St. Ouën's Bay, St. Brélades Bay and St. Aubin's harbour.

5

The ecological survey of Jersey streams has provided the first systematic study of macroinvertebrate fauna on the island. This has established an ecological "bench mark" against which future biological monitoring can be compared to examine any spatial and temporal patterns in the quality of Jersey stream waters. It is recommended that the States of Jersey utilize invertebrate monitoring as a tool in response to pollution events as well as a technique for bench marking water quality. This approach is of value when used in association with (i.e. not replacing) routine water quality monitoring. This is broadly the context in which both environmental assessment tools are used within mainland UK.

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Section 2

The ecological status of Jersey surface stream waters

Dr John Langley, Dr Brian Shutes, Dr Stephen Kett, Merle Gwyn and Richard Fanthome

June 1997

School of Environmental Science and Engineering Middlesex University Trent Park Bramley Road London N14 4YZ

Executive Summary
1. A total of 60 stream sites within 10 catchments (Bellozanne Valley, Vaux de Lecq, Grand Vaux/Vallée des Vaux, Queens Valley, Longueville catchment, La Vallée des Mouriers, St. Peter's Valley, Rozel, Water Works Valley and Les Prés D'Auvergne) were assessed for biological water quality. Macroinvertebrate communities were used to assess the sites in terms of "Biological Monitoring Working Party" Index (BMWP), "Average Score Per Taxon" (ASPT) (derived from BMWP and number of macroinvertebrate families present), "Lincoln Quality Index" (LQI) and total taxa. In total 101 macroinvertebrate taxa were found in this study, including 14 species previously unrecorded from Jersey. LQI (derived from BMWP and ASPT scores) categories ranged from A++ ("excellent water quality") to H ("very poor water quality") within these catchments. Statistical analysis (ordination) indicated that the two major sources of variation within the data set were related to flow rate and distance from the source, this is similar to published results from mainland rivers. TWINSPAN classification of sites dependent upon macroinvertebrate community similarity determined 10 different end groups. The primary division differentiated between sites with a proportion of still water species, and those containing truly flowing-water communities. Major factors indicative of improving water quality were; high levels of dissolved oxygen (usually coincident with clear water, moderate surface flow and low amounts of sediment); and distance from source. Major factors in reducing the water quality of the sites were ranked as: impoundment/culverting; channelization; surrounding landuse, pollution sources, low flow - exacerbated by water abstraction; tidal incursion. The introduction of constructed wetlands to selected sites receiving urban runoff and agricultural pollution is recommended as a relatively low cost and environmentally acceptable pollution treatment system. This study represents the first systematic, scientific investigation and provides "bench mark" data against which improvement or deterioration assessments can be made in future years through the application of comparable survey methods.

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Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 1.1 1.2 Scope and Aims of study Background page 1 page 1 page 2 page 2 page 2 page 5 page 5 page 6 page 6 page 7

1.2.1 The Island of Jersey 1.2.2 Biological monitoring 2 Pilot study 2.1 3 Results of the pilot study

Method 3.1 3.2 Field methods Statistical methods page 10 TWINSPAN DECORANA Physicochemical data Water quality indices per catchment 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 4.4.6 4.4.7 4.4.8 4.4.9 4.4.10 Bellozanne Valley catchment Les Vaux de Lecq Grand Vaux/Vallée des Vaux catchment Queen's Valley Longueville catchment La Vallée des Mouriers St.Peter's Valley catchment Rozel catchment Water Works Valley catchment Les Prés D'Auvergne

4

Results 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

page 10 page 10 page 10 page 11 page 11 page 11 page 14 page 14 page 15 page 15 page 16 page 16 page 17 page 17 page 18 page 18

5

Discussion 5.1 5.2 5.3 Community analysis

Comparison of macroinvertebrates with previous records page 19 Biological water quality page 20

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5.3.1 Comparison of biological index scores with previous data

page 22

ii

5.4

Catchment management based on biological water qualitypage 24 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.4.5 5.4.6 5.4.7 5.4.8 5.4.9 5.4.10 Bellozanne Valley catchment Les Vaux de Lecq Grand Vaux/Vallée des Vaux catchment Queen's Valley Longueville catchment La Vallée des Mouriers St.Peter's Valley catchment Rozel catchment Water Works Valley catchment Les Prés D'Auvergne page 24 page 25 page 25 page 26 page 26 page 26 page 27 page 28 page 28 page 29 page 29 page 30 page 32

5.5 References

Discussion of major influences on water quality

Glossary of taxonomic terms

List of Figures Figure 1.1 Figure 4.1 Figure 4.2 Macroinvertebrate sampling sites TWINSPAN classification of Jersey sites DECORANA ordination of Jersey sites page 3 page 12 page 13

List of Tables Table 1.1 Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Table 4.1 Table 4.2 Table 4.3 Ratings for habitat rich river sites greater than 2m Ratings for habitat poor river sites less than 2m Water quality as determined by the Lincoln Quality Index Water quality indices for the Bellozanne Valley catchment Water quality indices for the Vaux de Lecq catchment Water quality indices for the Grand Vaux/Vallée des Vaux catchment Water quality indices for the Grouville SSI Water quality indices for the Longueville catchment Water quality indices for the La Vallée des Mouriers iii page 4 page 4 page 4 page 11 page 11

page 14 page 14 page 15 page 15

Table 4.4 Table 4.5 Table 4.6

Table 4.7 Table 4.8 Table 4.9

Water quality indices for the St. Peter's Valley catchment Water quality indices for the Rozel catchment Water quality indices for the Water Works Valley catchment

page 16 page 16 page 17 page 17

Table 4.10 Water quality indices for Les Prés D'Auvergne catchment Table 5.1 A comparison of BMWP scores from Norman (1990) and this study A comparison of biotic index scores from Moss (1996) and present study

page 23

Table 5.2

page 23

List of Appendices A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3a B3b B3c B4 B5 B6a B6b B7 B8 B9 B10 C D E List of macroinvertebrate Families according to BMWP score Taxa collected in the pilot study Jaccard's Index values for the pilot study Taxa from the Bellozanne Valley sites Taxa from the Vaux de Lecq sites Taxa from the Grand Vaux/Vallée des Vaux (non 'SSI' sites) Taxa from the Grand Vaux 'SSI' site Taxa from the Vallée des Vaux 'SSI' site Taxa from the Grouville 'SSI' site Taxa from the Longueville catchment Taxa from the Mourier catchment (non 'SSI' sites) Taxa from the Mourier catchment 'SSI' site Taxa from the St. Peter's Valley sites Taxa from the Rozel sites Taxa from the Water Works Valley sites Taxa from Les Prés D'Auvergne 'SSI' site Spearman rank correlations of DECORANA axes with environmental variables Comparison of macroinvertebrates with previous studies Site descriptions

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1

Introduction
This study had the following aims: (i) To provide a baseline survey of the freshwater macroinvertebrates in Jersey streams To examine the present relationship between the macroinvertebrate communities and water quality survey data

(ii) and (iii)

To provide a biological index, specifically designed for the Jersey fauna, which can be used to monitor future changes in stream water quality.

1.1

Scope of the study

Prior to this study, no comprehensive baseline record of Jersey's lotic (flowing water) freshwater macroinvertebrates existed. In this study 60 sites have been sampled from ten catchments: Rozel, Longueville, Grands Vaux/Vallée des Vaux, Queen's Valley, Bellozanne Valley, Water Works Valley, St. Peter's Valley, Les Mouriers, Vaux de Lecq, with one additional site at Les Prés D'Auvergne (Figure 1.1). Sites corresponded to those regularly sampled by the States of Jersey Public Services Department for physicochemical parameters, with additional sites (Vallée des Vaux, Grand Vaux, Grouville) corresponding with sites sampled by Wyer et al. (1995), to provide a comparison with microbiological data, collected May-August 1994. Four further sites were taken from the Water Works Valley on the advice of the States of Jersey ecologist, which were positioned to include sites at the top and bottom of the catchment together with intermediate sites where the flow had been managed e.g. reservoirs. At each site, the streams were sampled for aquatic macroinvertebrates and aquatic macrophytes. Major terrestrial plant stands in the vicinity were also noted. Physical parameters measured included: stream width and depth, substrate, surface flow, altitude, distance from source and underlying geology. Chemical parameters: pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, calcium concentration, carbonate hardness and total hardness were recorded. Macroinvertebrates were analysed to identify characteristic associations and biological indices of water quality were calculated. Major sources of variation between communities were then correlated with physicochemical parameters of the streams to enable relative water quality and ecological status to be assessed.

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1.2

Background

1.2.1 The Island of Jersey Jersey is the largest and most southerly of the Channel Islands, situated 22.5 kilometres from the west coast of the Cherbourg peninsula and 145 kilometres south of the English mainland. Biogeographically it is located within the province of Lucetania (Long, pers.comm. 1996). Geologically the base strata are dominated by four major types: The Volanic Group, a thick rhyolite and andesite volcaniclastic sequence (Grand Vaux, Grouville, Longueville (part), Vallée des Vaux (part), Rozel (part); Granitic complexes with subordinate diorite and gabbro (Mourier, Vaux de Lecq, Vallée des Vaux (part), Longueville (part), Grouville (part)); The Jersey Shale Formation composed of medium-grained sandstone units with subordinate mudstones and conglomerates, metamorphosed to greenschist facies (St. Peter's valley, Bellozanne valley, Water Works Valley (part), Longueville (part)); The Rozel Conglomerate Formation, a nonmetamorphosed conglomerate with subordinate sandstone and mudstone; Rozel (part). These strata are in places overlain by quaternary deposits of sandstone and alluvium . Jersey has a land area of 119 sq kilometres, a resident population of 84,000 (rising to 120,000 in the Summer months). Some 55% of the land area is used for agriculture (Wyer et al, 1995) with associated problems for water abstraction including biocides and fertilizers. 1.2.2 Biological monitoring The use of animals to monitor freshwater quality has had a long history in Europe and North America, for example Huet, 1949, divided rivers up into zones dependent upon their dominant fish type (Trout, Grayling, Barbel and Bream zones). However, fish species richness is generally low in UK waters, and they are mobile, hence fish cannot provide a sufficiently sensitive or site specific method of biological monitoring. From 1977-1980, the FBA, in association with the Water Authorities and the Nature Conservancy developed a national rivers classification dependent upon the occurrence of larger invertebrate animals e.g. beetles and leeches (macroinvertebrates). Subsequently this was refined by the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) (Chesters, 1980), giving values to families of macroinvertebrates, dependent upon their tolerance of organic pollution (Appendix A1). The sum of the family values per site became known as the BMWP score, and were equated to the 1a/b, 2,3,4 river categories of the National Water Council (NWC) classification. To ensure compatibility between workers, a standard methodology was developed, based upon a three minute sampling period, which has been adopted in this study (see section 4.1). However, dependent upon the experience of the sampler, it is possible that some workers will collect more species than another in the three minutes, therefore to take this into consideration a further biological score was introduced: the Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT), which has been shown to be more independent of 2

operator bias and seasonal variation and is, thus, a more robust index of river water quality.

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Figure 1.1

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Rivers show a range of size and habitat richness, for example, most Jersey streams have a width less than 2m and it would be inappropriate to compare such sites with larger rivers, e.g. the Thames Valley. This variation in habitat richness can be taken into account by using the Lincoln Quality Index (LQI) (Extence et al, 1987), which adapts the BMWP and ASPT scores in terms of habitat rich riffle sites (those of water ways over 2m wide) and habitat poor riffle sites, less than 2m wide. Each BMWP and ASPT category (see Tables 1.1 and 1.2) is given a rating. The average of these ratings is used to provide the LQI, via calculation of the Overall Quality Rating (OQR) (see Tables 1.1 to 1.3). Table 1.1 Ratings for habitat rich river sites greater than 2m
BMWP 151+ 121-150 91-120 61-90 31-60 15-30 0-14 Rating X 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ASPT 6.0+ 5.5-5.9 5.1-5.4 4.6-5.0 3.6-4.5 2.6-3.5 0.0-2.5 Rating Y 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Table 1.2. Ratings for habitat poor river sites less than 2m
BMWP 121+ 101-120 81-100 51-80 25-50 10-24 0-9 Rating X 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ASPT 5.0+ 4.5-4.9 4.1-4.4 3.6-4.0 3.1-3.5 2.1-3.0 0.0-2.0 Rating Y 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Note: the Overall Quality Rating is calculated by: (X + Y)/2

Table 1.3 Water quality as determined by the Lincoln Quality Index
OQR 6+ 5.5 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 LQI A++ A+ A B C D E F G H I Interpretation Excellent quality Excellent quality Excellent quality Good quality Good quality Moderate quality Moderate quality Poor quality Poor quality Very poor quality Very poor quality

Three previous aquatic macroinvertebrate studies (Bratton, 1983), Moss, 1996 and 5

Norman, 1990, have been conducted on parts of the Jersey stream catchments. Both Moss (1996) and Norman (1990) used a three minute sample, so their results were broadly comparable with the present study.

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2

Pilot study

A pilot study was undertaken on 09.06.96 at the site Rozel 2 (Grid ref:70475272). The Rozel catchment was chosen for this study as it was regarded as one of the least disturbed catchments; the majority of the sites (R2 - R5) lie within the boundaries of St. Catherine's SSI. The purposes of the pilot study were: (i) to determine whether the sampling technique was applicable to Jersey streams, given the size of the streams and the reduced number of taxa expected compared with the mainland, due to the area of the island (ii) to assess the comparability of field techniques between different workers. To assess the utility of the three minute sample, the species found during the three minute sample were compared with time-unlimited samples taken by each fieldworker. The BMWP/ASPT scores were then contrasted and community similarity assessed by use of the Jaccards Index. The taxa collected in the pilot study are shown in appendix A2, and the Jaccards index values are shown in appendix A3. 2.1 Results of the pilot study (i) The BMWP scores for the 3 minute sample lie between the maximum and minimum values obtained by the time-unlimited samples. (ii) The Jaccards index values derived from community comparison ranged from 0.35-0.56, indicating that the macroinvertebrate communities were similar whether from a 3 minute sample or a time-unlimited sample. The above result suggests that a three minute sample can be adequately used to describe the macroinvertebrate richness in Jersey streams. (iii) Comparison of ASPT values between different workers shows a range between 4.82 - 4.92, all indicating a water quality bordering between good and excellent. The ASPT value of the three minute sample was also comparable, having a value of 4.9.

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3
3.1

Method
Field methods

Macroinvertebrate sampling protocol A suitable 20m stretch of stream was identified as the "sample site" by the following criteria: (i) existing sampling points (for comparison of data) (ii) a characteristic stretch of a minimum 20m (iii) public access considerations Biological technique This was based on a 3 minute sample developed by the FBA and subsequently adopted by the U.K. Water Authorities. All microhabitats within the 20m site were sampled by vigorous kick/sweep sampling with an FBA designed hand-net (approximately 0.92 square millimetres area mesh). The time allocated to sampling each of the microhabitats was dependent upon their area; if a run represents 50% of the area of the site, then 1.5 minutes is spent on this microhabitat. Macroinvertebrates were sorted from the vegetation in the field, identified in the laboratory using dissecting and compound microscopes, with the FBA identification guides: Gastropoda [snails] (Macan, 1977), Hirudinea [leeches] (Elliot and Mann, 1979), Malacostraca [Crustaceans] (Gledhill et al.,1976), Ephemeroptera [mayflies] (Elliot et al., 1988), Plecoptera [stoneflies] (Hynes, 1977), Hemiptera [bugs] (Savage, 1989), Trichoptera [caddis flies] (Wallace et al.,1990, Edington and Hildrew, 1981), the AIDGAP Key to adult Coleoptera [water beetles] (Friday, 1988), and Hammond (1983) for Odonata [dragon- and damselflies]. All macroinvertebrates were identified to species except for Dipteran [true flies] larvae and Oligochaeta [worms]. The abundance of each species was also recorded, and these placed into five abundance categories for analysis: 1 2 3 4 5 very abundant; abundance 100+ abundant; abundance 50-99 common; abundance 11-49 frequent; abundance 3-10 rare; abundance 1-2.

These categories follow those used by the Chandler Index (Chandler, 1970). Aquatic macrophytes within the water course and on its banks were mapped and identified (using Rose, 1981). Percentage shade within the watercourse was also 8

recorded.

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The following physicochemical parameters were measured: o o Stream width at 0, 10 and 20m Stream depth at 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 of the stream at the points where width was measured. Depth included depth of water to the surface of substrate, plus the depth of the sediment. o Surface flow (m/s) o Substrate size; % cover of boulders, cobbles, gravels and sediment within a 1m2 area o Altitude (m) o Water temperature (˚C) o Distance from source (km) o Proportion of microhabitats (e.g. riffles, runs) within the 20m stretch. o pH o Conductivity (µS) o Calcium (mg/l) o Carbonate hardness (mmol/l) o Total hardness (mmol/l) o Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) pH and conductivity were measured using Whatman microsensors, whilst other parameters were determined using AQUAMERCK field test-kits: 11110-Calcium Hardness, 8048-Carbonate Hardness, 8039-Total Hardness, 14662-Dissolved Oxygen.

3.2

Statistical methods

Water quality indices Three water quality indices were applied to the macroinvertebrate communities: Biological Monitoring Working Party score (BMWP), the Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT), both developed by Chesters et al. (1980) and the Lincoln Quality Index (Extence et al., 1987). The BMWP score uses macroinvertebrate taxa which are characteristic of flowing waters (i.e. excluding still water taxa); generally this depends upon family level identification, although worms (Oligochaeta) are only identified to Class. Each of the taxa are given a value between 10 and 1, dependent upon their intolerance to organic pollution e.g. non-biting midges Family: Chironomidae (generally pollution tolerant) score 2 points, whereas lesser mayflies Family: Ephemerellidae (pollution intolerant) score 10 points (see Appendix 1 for full values). The sum of the values for each of the scoring taxa is the BMWP score. The BMWP scores range from 0 - 151+, and are usually grouped into categories which broadly designate water quality.

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Thames Water Authority used the following water quality classification: 151+ Very high water quality 101-150 High water quality 51-100 Good water quality 17-50 Moderate water quality 0-16 Poor water quality Comparability of results between different workers can largely be obtained by strictly adhering to the field methods noted in 3.1. In spite of this, there is a possibility of random factors and different workers influencing the final score. For this reason, the ASPT value is usually a more robust indicator of water quality. The ASPT is calculated by dividing the BMWP score by the number of macroinvertebrate taxa contributing to the score. ASPT values range between 0 and 6.0+, the higher values indicating better water quality. A further factor which can influence the number and type of taxa found is the size of the river. Not only will the size influence the number of taxa, but larger rivers, with meanders and backwaters, tend to be more habitat rich than brooks. Habitat heterogeneity contributes to species richness. To over come this problem, the Lincoln Quality Index (LQI) was developed by the Anglian Water Authority , which modifies the BMWP/ASPT score for streams less than 2m wide. This modification is particularly relevant to the island of Jersey, possessing as it does, no watercourse of greater than 2m in width. Tables 1.1 and 1.2 show two 'ratings' for lotic sites dependent upon their scores. The average of these ratings is designated the Overall Quality Rating (OQR), which ranges from 1-6+. This OQR is than translated to the LQI (Table 1.3.) which distinguishes between 11 water quality categories A++ to I. In this report greatest weight has been attached to ASPT and LQI scores. Community analysis. Three forms of community analysis have been used in this report: Two Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) (Hill, 1979b), Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DECORANA) (Hill, 1979a) and Jaccard's Index of Similarity. TWINSPAN is a multivariate classification technique, which groups similar sites together solely on the basis of the species they contain; in this instance aquatic macroinvertebrates. These groupings are achieved by successive dichotomous divisions of the whole data set, leading to increasingly similar groupings of sites. At each division, TWINSPAN also indicates which species (if any) on each side of the dichotomy, are "characteristic" of the division, e.g. if Pisidium sp. (a species of pea mussel) was found in nine sites in the right hand group and only one site in the left hand group. The final 'end groups' produced by this technique contain sites which show the greatest similarity, which may then be described in terms of physical and chemical characteristics. 11

Whereas TWINSPAN describes similarity between sites, it is desirable to determine which of the physicochemical factors are responsible for the major sources of variation within the data set. This was ascertained by the ordination technique DECORANA, which identifies the relative order of sites along the four major axes of variation. The relative order of sites can then be correlated with each of the measured physicochemical parameters to determine which factors are most closely associated with the sources of variation. The relative contribution of each axis to the overall variation within the data set can be determined by comparison of their respective eigenvalues. DECORANA is regarded as the most robust of the ordination techniques (Gauch, 1982; Jackson and Somers, 1992), because it attempts to 'detrend' axes of variation to minimize dependence between successive axes. It is also useful in that it is a non-parametric test. Spearman Rank Correlation, another non-parametric test, was used to determine associations between axes of variation and physicochemical parameters. Jaccard's Index assesses similarity between two samples, based on the presence/absence of species found. This was used to determine similarity within the three samples of the pilot study because TWINSPAN requires a minimum of 16 sites for analysis. Jaccard's Index, J, can be calculated by: J=j/a+b-j 3.1

where a = number of taxa at site a b = number of taxa at site b j = number of taxa common to both samples. Jaccard's Index varies between 0 and 1.0, where: 0 - 0.35 0.36 - 0.6 > 0.6 indicates dissimilar sites indicates similar sites is usually only found in replicate samples.

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4

Results

Individual results for all catchments are listed in Appendices B1-B10. Physicochemical data are listed in Appendix F. The statistical analyses of community data and water quality indices are presented on a catchment basis.

4.1

TWINSPAN

Analyses indicated the existence of ten endgroups on the basis of the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities. The primary division indicated a flow-based dichotomy (see Figure 4.1). The right-hand division is characterised by sites with either low flow or beneath impoundment ponds containing many classically still-water species, e.g. Planorbis planorbis (a ramshorn snail). The left-hand division, by contrast, is characterised by sites with greater flow, reflected by the species present, e.g. Polycelis felina and Elmis aenea. Within this division, endgroups are influenced by underlying geology.

4.2

DECORANA

The results of analysis using DECORANA indicated two major sources of variation within the data set. The primary ordination axis (accounting for 39% of total variation) showed that flow (and associated parameters, e.g. Dissolved Oxygen) was a major source of variation. Additionally, there was a high correlation with carbonate hardness. The secondary ordination axis showed that distance from source and associated factors (e.g. substrate composition) were most highly correlated with this source of variation. Once again, carbonate hardness showed a significant correlation. Polygons have been drawn around the sites (Figure 4.2) corresponding to the TWINSPAN end groups. The arrangement of these polygons shows spatial distinction between the majority of end groups, i.e. the endgroups suggested by TWINSPAN are shown to be distinct groups also reflected by the clusters of points shown in the DECORANA ordination. This correspondence of results shown by both techniques indicates that the endgroups proposed reflect real trends in the data.

4.3

Physicochemical Data

Correlations between physicochemical data (Appendix F) and the DECORANA axes are shown in Appendix C. The highest correlation was between carbonate hardness and DECORANA ordination axis 1 (p<0.01). Correlations with an equivalent probability value were found between percentage cover sediment, percentage cover cobbles and 13

sediment depth, all measures of stream substrate. Lower correlations (p<0.05) were found between dissolved oxygen, percentage cover of gravel and surface flow with DECORANA axis 1, and between percentage cover of boulders, carbonate hardness, distance from source, water depth, percentage cover of gravels and cobbles with DECORANA axis 2. Given that the DECORANA plot indicates some dependence between the two axes, then the duplication of parameters is not unexpected. The additional information supplied by axis two is that distance from source (and the cross correlation with water depth) is an important source of variation.

4.4

Water quality indices by catchment

4.4.1 Bellozanne Valley catchment The species list with associated BMWP, ASPT and LQI scores for each site are included in Appendix B1. Table 4.1 provides a summary of the water quality scores per site. Table 4.1 Water quality indices for the Bellozanne Valley catchment Site BMWP ASPT LQI
Total scoring taxa

2403 78 5.1 A+ 15

2402 82 4.8 A+ 17

2404a 77 4.8 A 16

2404b 74 4.9 A 15

2406 62 4.4 B 14

BMWP scores ranged from 62 - 82, with ASPT scores ranging from 4.4-5.2. The LQI values indicate water qualities ranging from A+ to B. The highest ASPT scores were obtained from site 2403, which flows through a grazed meadow owned by National Trust for Jersey. The lowest water quality (both in terms of BMWP, ASPT, LQI and total scoring taxa) was from site 2406, the top site of the catchment, within the grounds of St. Germains (a well tended garden), but nevertheless indicated 'good water quality'. In this catchment, water quality improved with distance from source. 4.4.2 Les Vaux de Lecq The species list with associated BMWP, ASPT and LQI scores for each site are included in Appendix B2. Table 4.2 provides a summary of the water quality indices per site. Table 4.2. Water quality indices for the Vaux de Lecq catchment Site BMWP ASPT LQI
Total scoring taxa

2202 59 5.4 A+ 11

2203 61 4.1 B 15

2204 60 4.3 B 14 14

2205 49 3.8 D 13

2206 41 3.7 D 11

2207 14 2.8 G 5

15

Figure 4.1

16

Figure 4.2

17

BMWP scores from sites within this catchment showed a wide range of values, from 14 to 61, with ASPT scores showing a similarly wide range, from 2.8 to 5.4. This range is also reflected in the LQI which, as in the Bellozanne Valley catchment, indicated an increase in water quality with distance from source. Both ASPT and LQI scores were highest at the site furthest from the source, 2202, a small tributary to the main stream. The highest scoring taxa numbers (15 and 14) and BMWP score (61 and 60) were obtained from a semi-shaded woodland site (2203) containing a boulder dam and riffles, and a meadow site (2204), with two confluences with other tributaries. Both had rapid flows and were rich in different aquatic microhabitats. In spite of the scores at these sites, the LQI category B, only indicated 'good water quality'. The lowest scores, for BMWP, ASPT, LQI and total taxa all occurred at site 2207, the site nearest the source. This site was located within a willow carr, with thick organic silt as substrate and is classified by LQI as 'poor quality'. 4.4.3 Grand Vaux/Vallée des Vaux catchment The species list with associated BMWP, ASPT and LQI scores for each site are included in Appendix B3. Table 4.3 provides a summary of the water quality indices per site. Table 4.3 Water quality indices for the Grand Vaux/Vallée des Vaux catchment
Site 2505 2506 2507 2502 2503 2504
GV SSI VdeV SSI

BMWP ASPT LQI
Total scoring taxa

68 4.9 A 14

89 5.1 A++ 17

47 3.9 D 12

92 5.4 A++ 17

44 4.9 B 9

50 4.2 C 12

60 5.0 A+ 12

47 4.7 B 10

BMWP scores ranged from 44 - 92 with ASPT scores ranging from 3.9-5.4. The LQI values indicate water qualities ranging from A++ to D. The highest ASPT scores were obtained from site 2502, a site below the JNWWC 'V' notch weir with considerable surface flow. The lowest water quality (both in terms of ASPT, and LQI) was from site 2507, a grazed meadow below impoundment ponds with considerable silt deposition. 4.4.4 Queen's Valley The species list with associated BMWP, ASPT and LQI scores for this site are included in Appendix B4. Table 4.4 provides a summary of the water quality indices per site. Table 4.4 Water quality indices for the Grouville SSI Site BMWP ASPT LQI
Total scoring taxa

Grouville SSI 24 4.0 E 6

The BMWP and LQI scores at this 'site of scientific interest' show poor water quality, with some improvement indicated by the ASPT score. The low score and 18

number of taxa reflect the incidence of sedimentation and possibly organic enrichment by silage runoff from fields upstream.

19

4.4.5 Longueville catchment The species list with associated BMWP, ASPT and LQI scores for each site are included in Appendix B5. Table 4.5 provides a summary of the water quality indices per site. Table 4.5. Water quality indices for the Longueville catchment Site BMWP ASPT LQI
Total scoring Taxa

L8 24 4.8 C 5

L5b 20 3.3 F 6

L5c 31 4.4 C 7

L4 11 2.8 G 4

L3 9 2.3 H 4

L2 11 2.8 G 4

The BMWP scores range from 9-31, with a deterioration from poor water quality in the upper sites to very poor water quality in the lower catchment sites L2, L3 and L4, which are channelised. The ASPT scores, which range from 4.8-2.3, show a similar trend and poor water quality. LQI scores also categorized sites as poor (L5b, L4, L2) or very poor (L3). The LQI values for L8 and L5c indicated 'good water quality', although the number of scoring taxa were only 5 and 7 respectively. 4.4.6 La Vallée des Mouriers The species list with associated BMWP, ASPT and LQI scores for each site are included in Appendix B6. Table 4.6 provides a summary of the water quality indices per site. Table 4.6 Water quality indices for the La Vallée des Mouriers Site BMWP ASPT LQI
Total scoring taxa

M1 76 4.5 A 17

M3 60 5.0 A+ 12

M4 79 5.3 A+ 15

M5 58 4.5 A 13

M6 57 4.4 B 13

M7 79 5.3 A+ 15

M8 34 3.8 D 9

M SSI 59 4.5 A 13

With the exception of one site (M8), BMWP scores in this catchment ranged from 57 to 79. ASPT scores range from 4.5 to 5.3 and LQI values indicated water qualities from good (B) to excellent (A or A+) water qualities, except, once again at M8 where the ASPT is 3.8 and the LQI value indicated only 'moderate water quality'. The total scoring taxa numbers illustrated a similar trend and were between 12-17 in all sites except M8 which had a total scoring taxa number of 9. M8 was, by virtue of its location between a busy road and gardens, subject to considerable anthropogenic influence. Also, the stream is impounded upstream of the sampling site. The two highest-scoring sites, M4 and M7, each had a BMWP score of 79, an ASPT score of 5.3 and LQI values (A+) indicating 'excellent water quality', both flowed through wooded sites and were less subject to anthropogenic factors than other Mourier sites.

20

4.4.7 St. Peter's Valley catchment The species list with associated BMWP, ASPT and LQI scores for each site are included in Appendix B7. Table 4.7 provides a summary of the water quality indices per site. Table 4.7 Water quality indices for the St. Peter's Valley catchment
Tesson Mill BMWP 58 ASPT 4.1 LQI B Total 14 scoring taxa Site P13 3 3.0 H 1 P9 14 4.7 C 3 P9a 26 3.7 D 7 P8a 50 4.6 B 11 P7 41 5.1 A 8 P7a 25 5.0 A 5 P5 29 4.1 C 7 P5a 37 4.6 B 8 P4 42 4.7 B 9 P4a 29 4.1 C 7 P3 59 3.9 C 15 P2 24 4.8 C 5 P1 20 2.9 G 7

The BMWP scores ranged from 3-59. The highest score was recorded at P3 which traversed a private garden, the lowest score at P13 situated near the mouth of the stream and was influenced by tidal incursions, resulting in only Potamopyrgus jenkinsi (a saline-tolerant (euryhaline) snail) being found at this site. The ASPT scores ranged from poor at P1 to excellent at P7 and P7a. The remaining sites showed 'good' to 'moderate water quality' in terms of their LQI values.

4.4.8 Rozel catchment The species list with associated BMWP, ASPT and LQI scores for each site are included in Appendix B8. Table 4.8 provides a summary of the water quality indices per site. Table 4.8 Water quality indices for the Rozel catchment Site BMWP ASPT LQI
Total scoring taxa

R5 6 3.0 H 2

R4 65 5.0 A+ 13

R3 12 4.0 E 3

R2 52 5.2 A+ 10

St. Cath's SSI

63 4.2 B 15

R1 40 4.4 C 9

BMWP scores ranged from 65 at R4 to 6 at R5, a tributary of the main stream. The ASPT scores, with the exception of R2 and R4 (5.2 and 5.0 respectively), showed poor water quality with a range of 3.0-4.4. LQI scores indicated excellent (R2 and R4) or 'good water quality' for the mainstream sites, with R3 and R5 showing 'moderate' and 'very poor water quality' respectively. The highest number of scoring taxa (15) were recorded at St. Catherine's 'SSI'.

21

4.4.9 Water Works Valley catchment The species list with associated BMWP, ASPT and LQI scores for each site are included in Appendix B9. Table 4.9 provides a summary of the water quality indices per site. Table 4.9 Water quality indices for the Water Works Valley catchment Site BMWP ASPT LQI
Total scoring taxa

W4 24 3.4 F 7

W3 31 3.9 D 8

W2 65 4.6 A 13

W1 98 4.9 A+ 20

Mill Brook SSI

56 3.7 C 15

This catchment showed a range of water qualities (BMWP score from 24-98, ASPT range 3.4-4.9), showing lowest BMWP, and ASPT sites at the top sites and bottom site, all of which showed low surface flow. The highest water quality in terms of ASPT, BMWP, LQI and total scoring taxa was at site W1, at the confluence of two streams, with one of the highest surface flows. Site W1 showed the highest BMWP value in this study.

4.4.10 Les Prés D'Auvergne The species list with associated BMWP, ASPT and LQI scores for each site are included in Appendix B10. Table 4.10 provides a summary of the water quality indices per site. Table 4.10 Water quality indices for Les Prés D'Auvergne catchment Site BMWP ASPT LQI Total scoring taxa Les Prés D'Auvergne SSI 84 4.4 A 19

This site showed a relatively high BMWP of 84 (for the catchments studied) and also a high total taxa number of 19. This resulted in a lower ASPT (4.4). Even so, this was sufficient for the LQI value (A) to classify the site as possessing 'excellent water quality'.

22

5
5.1

Discussion
Community Analysis

The 60 sites investigated were placed into 10 end groups after 4 TWINSPAN divisions of the data set (Figure 4.1, page 12). The primary division separated sites: St. Peter's 3 - Vaux de Lecq 2206 on the right hand side, from Longueville 5c - Vallée des Vaux SSI on the left hand side. This divides the data set into truly flowing sites (characterized by the indicator species Polycelis felina (a flatworm) and Elmis aenea (a riffle beetle)) from which contained macroinvertebrates characteristic of more still-water communities (characterized by the Genus Pisidium (pea mussel)). This 'still-water' group of sites consisted of strongly depositing sites, with sediment up to a depth of 1m e.g. St. Peter's 3, sites which form pools i.e. a widening of the stream, with a consequent reduction in flow (and associated deposition of sediment) e.g. St. Catherine's SSI, sites at the tops of catchments where the flow was low, with variable amounts of silt e.g. Water Works Valley 4 and 3, St. Peter's 1. The latter two sites also possessed signs of anthropogenic disturbance (turbid water, film on water surface respectively). Sites Longueville 2-4 are characterized by being particularly species poor, with a minimum of 25% of taxa consisting of Chironomidae or Oligochaeta. St. Peter's 13 was also species poor, with only Potamopyrgus jenkinsi (a euryhaline snail) found, due to the tidal influence on this site. Other sites included in this group possessed higher flow (e.g. Grand Vaux 2507), but these sites were below impoundment ponds, hence the macroinvertebrate community remained characteristic of still-water species. The left hand side of the division largely grouped sites with similar geological characteristics. End group 3 sites were all found on Jersey Shale, whilst Group 4 consisted of sites on Rozel conglomerates. Group 5 primarily possessed Volcanic Group as the geological substrate, but the lower sites of the Bellozanne Valley (2404a-2402) were on Jersey Shale. Given that these sites were part of the same catchment, it is unsurprising that the macroinvertebrates found showed closer similarity to Volcanic Group communities than the Jersey Shale sites from St. Peter's Valley. End group 6 contained sites based on granitic rock, with the exception of St. Peter's 9. End group 7 contained two sites from different catchments (Water Works Valley, Vallée de Vaux) on Jersey Shale and Volcanic Group respectively. These show macroinvertebrate communities very similar to the granitic sites and were separated by the occurrence of the indicator species Gammarus duebeni (a brackish-water shrimp). End groups 1 and 2 contained very different sites, which are regarded as outliers in the data set i.e. not natural groupings. Longueville 8 was a gutter by the side of a minor road, hence it has been correctly identified as anomalous. Longueville 5b and 5c were species poor sites, both with sediment substrata, the latter also subject to poaching by cattle and, potentially, discharges from an industrial estate. Rozel 3 was a very minor tributary of the catchment with a correspondingly poor taxa list (3 taxa in total), hence also difficult to classify. Similarly St. Peter's 2 and Rozel 5 only contained five and two scoring taxa respectively. The DECORANA analysis (Figure 4.2, page 13) reinforces the TWINSPAN groupings. End groups 3, 5 and 8 are spatially distinct. The polygon associated with end group 6 also incorporates the two sites from end group 7, indicating considerable similarity in terms of macroinvertebrate communities with end group 6, suggesting that the TWINSPAN analysis has made an artificial division; TWINSPAN will continue to subdivide sites until fewer than five sites are found in any end group. The 'still-water' end groups lie towards the right hand side of the diagram. End group 8 is distinct, but groups 9 and 10 show some overlap. Sites Longueville 5c, 6 and Rozel 5 (end group 1) 23

are widely scattered and show extreme values, further supporting their designation as outliers. Sites St. Peter's 2 and Rozel 3 (end group 2) also show extreme values. The remaining end group 2 site: Longueville 5b, although not an outlying value is not clearly associated with any other group.

24

More detailed inspection shows that St. Peter's 9, although grouped with the granitic end group (6) by TWINSPAN on the basis of the macroinvertebrate community, is widely separated in terms of the two major sources of variation, showing clear affinity to the majority of St. Peter's Valley sites. TWINSPAN has differentiated it because of the presence of Gammarus pulex, rather than G. duebeni. This site also possessed few taxa, therefore the dissimilarity between Gammarus species has been emphasised. The number of Gammarus captured (1) was much lower at this site than those nearby (9a, 8a), both of which had 50+ individuals captured. This taxon reduction, both in terms of species richness and abundance, may indicate the anthropogenic disturbance to the aquatic community caused by the water supply reservoir above the sample site. The community analysis has shown that the sites are primarily divided into those characteristic of flowing waters, and those with additional still-water species. Within the flowing water sites, differences can be explained in terms of base geology. Outlying values have been identified and confirmed by TWINSPAN and DECORANA. The major sources of variation within the data set are related to flow rate, geology (supported by the correlation with carbonate hardness) and distance from source. In an FBA study of rivers on the UK mainland (Wright et al. 1984) the major factors shown to influence macroinvertebrate communities were flow and distance from source, although a more limited study the same trends are consistent with the Jersey data set.

5.2

Comparison of Macroinvertebrates with previous records

Some 101 taxa from 50 families were identified in the course of this study (Appendix D). Of these, 69 (68%) are traditionally associated with flowing water. This was the first extensive survey (of aquatic macroinvertebrates) in major catchments on Jersey, although three smaller studies have been undertaken. Norman (1990) sampled 39 sites in six streams: St. Peter's Valley, Mourier, Vaux de Lecq, Water Works Valley, Grand Vaux and Rozel, with macroinvertebrate identification primarily to genus level. Moss (1996) sampled seven sites in two catchments: St. Peter's Valley and Vaux de Lecq, with macroinvertebrate identification to family level. In both studies, water quality is summarized by BMWP scores; Norman calculated total BMWP score per catchment, (Table5.1), which ranged from 23.8 (Water Works Valley) to 43.9 (Mourier). Moss recorded BMWP scores of 33-54 for St. Peter's Valley, with ASPT values in the range 3.4-4.1, and scores of 25-42 for Vaux de Lecq, with ASPT values ranging from 3.6-3.8 (Table 5.2). Bratton (1983) studied 19 sites throughout Jersey. Of these seven sites were described as streams and were in the Vaux de Lecq, St. Peter's Valley and Queen's Valley catchments. Appendix D shows a comparison of the taxa found. Additional sources of information were obtained from the museum collections of the Societé Jersiaise and published papers on Jersey macroinvertebrates by Chatfield (1975), Le Quesne (1947, 1953), as well as yearly Entomological Reports in the Societé Jersiaise Bulletin Annual from 1939. Comparison with previous records showed that 50 taxa were taken in addition to the records of Bratton (1983), Moss (1996) and Norman (1990). Of these taxa, 14 were new records to Jersey based on the museum collection and records of Chatfield (1975) and Le Quesne (1947, 1953). These taxa were: Physa heterostropha (from St. Peter's site 1), a North American import; Sigara limitata (St. Catherine's SSI, Grand Vaux 2507) and Sigara selecta (Grand Vaux 2507), both still-water species, the former widespread on the 25

mainland and the latter confined to the Midlands and southern England (Savage, 1989); Hydropsyche saltalai (Rozel sites 2 and 4); Rhyacophila dorsalis (Bellozanne Valley 2406) regarded as common on the mainland (Edington and Hildrew, 1981); Limnephilus flavicornis (Mourier 1), a common still-water species on the mainland; Potamophylax rotundipennis (Bellozanne 2403, but also found in St. Peter's Valley); Tinodes pallidus (Mourier 6) (note: only 3rd instar identified); Gyrinus urinator (Water Works Valley, site 1), widespread in lowland streams (Friday, 1988); Hydroporus tesselatus (Rozel site 2, Mourier site 1), common and widespread in England (Friday, 1988); Potamonectes depressus-elegans (St. Catherine's SSI), common and widespread in England (Friday, 1988); Agabus sturmii (St. Peter's 3), common and widespread in still-waters in the UK (Friday, 1988); Hydraena testacea (St. Peter's 3, Water Works Valley Site 1 and Mill Brook), widespread and common in southern England (Friday, 1988); Limnebius truncatellus (Water Works Valley site 2, Bellozanne 2402), widespread and common on the mainland (Friday, 1988). Other notable species found included the leech Haementeria costata, a continental species, only recently discovered on the British mainland (Elliot and Mann, 1979), the bug Cymatia coleoptrata, first recorded from Jersey in 1988 (Le Quesne, 1990) and the stonefly Nemoura erratica, last recorded from Jersey in 1983.

5.3

Biological Water Quality Indices

The 60 stream sites were each assigned three biotic index ratings (BMWP, ASPT and LQI) using macroinvertebrate taxal diversity to classify water quality. Such data are strongly habitat-dependent, precluding their use in isolation for spatial comparison of different catchment lengths. Consequently, site data were used to elucidate the environmental context of the ratings such that meaningful, between- and withincatchment, spatial comparison might be possible. Within the ten Jersey catchments the sites' LQI water quality ratings ranged from 'very poor' (H) to 'excellent' (A++). Ratings varied relative to several environmental factors. Initial TWINSPAN divisions were reflected in the biotic indices obtained, confirming the importance of water flow in determining composition of the macroinvertebrate assemblages. Endgroup 5 showed the highest consistent water quality rating, with a maximum BMWP score of 92, with 8 out of the total of 13 sites within it obtaining a LQI value of 'excellent' (five obtaining A++ or A+ ratings). This endgroup (5) contained sites with strong flow, based on volcanic rocks or shale. St.Peter's 5, Tesson Mill, Bellozanne 2406, Vallée des Vaux 2504 and Grand Vaux 2503, however, were rated as "good". At Grand Vaux 2503 and Vallée des Vaux 2504, road run-off entered the watercourse, whilst at Tesson Mill SSI there was anecdotal evidence of periodic pollution episodes described as a 0.1m thick layer of foam flowing through the site from an unknown upstream source. St. Peter's 5 is upstream of Tesson Mill SSI and it is possible that the source of this foam is sufficiently close to negatively influence the macroinvertebrate fauna there. The nature of the water source entering Bellozanne 2406 (two pipes) may well have negatively influenced the diversity of macroinvertebrates found at the site and resulted in a lower rating than might have otherwise been expected. Endgroups 6 and 7 showed similarly high ratings (maximum BMWP, 98), nine 26

from a joint total of fourteen assigned 'excellent' ratings (5 at A+). Of the others, four; Vaux de Lecq 2203 and 2204, Mourier 6 and St.Peter's 9, were classed as 'good' and one; Mourier 8, as 'moderate' quality. These endgroups showed strong flow over shale or volcanic geology, except for St.Peter's 9. Vaux de Lecq 2203 and 2204 were located a short distance below impoundments, whilst St. Peter's 9 is located close to an urbanised area and may be affected by anthropogenic factors. Mourier 8 is a fast flowing, granitic site, located between a busy road, and a garden, receiving runoff from the former. Local occupants reported observing flushes of fuel waste and other material in the watercourse.

27

Endgroups 3 and 4 contained sites from St.Peter's and Rozel respectively that obtained 'good' to 'excellent' scores. One site, St.Peter's 9a, was located in an urban area and has a rating of 'moderate' (D). The lotic endgroups, 1 and 2 showed the effects of microhabitat scarcity on biotic index score, hence were hard to classify e.g. Rozel 3, a tiny tributary of the main stream. The more lentic (stillwater) endgroups showed consistently lower index scores than the lotic groups. Endgroup 8 contained sites with the highest water quality scores, the four sites ranging from 'moderate' (D) to 'excellent' (A). The latter score was obtained by Les Prés D'Auvergne SSI and Mourier 1. The former site, although a rapidly-flowing stream site for most of it's length, contained (i) an impoundment and (ii) macrophytes, providing a large number of microhabitats for more lentic macroinvertebrates. Mourier 1 comprised still water held in the concrete flume below a reservoir, supplied by seepage from cracks in the concrete. This inflow was relatively cold (10oC), well oxygenated (6.7 mg/l) and clear, supporting both lotic and lentic macroinvertebrates, and explaining it's high (A) LQI score. The presence of Gammarus duebeni at this site may indicate that the primary source of non-flying macroinvertebrates found there was from downstream rather than the reservoir. It is possible, however, that the more lentic species such as snails, e.g. Lymnaea peregra, and leeches, e.g. Erpobdella octoculata may have originally colonised the site from the reservoir during a past, 'overflow' period. Other sites in the endgroup were lotic in nature, but subject to other influence; St.Peter's 3 was located where the stream slowed and formed a pool. Vaux de Lecq 2205 was located below a series of bird-cages, used to house waterfowl. Endgroup 10 sites range in LQI value from F ('poor') to C ('good'). These sites were characterised by low flow and fine substrate. The remaining endgroup, 9, comprises 7 sites with BMWP scores ranging from 3 to 63 and LQI values from H ('very poor quality') to B ('good quality'). Most were species depauperate; Longueville 2, 3 and 4, affected by channelization; Vaux de Lecq 2207 and St.Peter's 1, pollution, and St.Peter's 13 by marine influence. The presence of St. Catherine's SSI in this group is consistent; the stream widened, with consequent reduction in flow and deposition of sediment. Together these factors encouraged the presence of 'lentic' fauna implied by it's grouping, whilst sufficient 'lotic species' drifted from higher sites to raise it's BMWP to 63. When the data are examined at a larger scale, i.e. at the catchment level, two more general trends become apparent and are illustrated by Tables 4.1 to 4.10. These demonstrate that the various biological indices reflect the action of two influences: (i) Water quality and macroinvertebrate community complexity increase with distance from source. (ii) Water quality and macroinvertebrate complexity decrease as they become subject to increasing anthropogenic influence. The first influence is an intrinsic quality of stream development; size and habitat complexity increases with distance from source, permitting the existence of an increasing number of macroinvertebrate taxa. This influence is reduced as a stream becomes larger, possessing slower stretches, distinct pool + riffle and meander sequences, and the relative 28

deoxygenation of the water column increases. Jersey catchments are sufficiently small that this cannot occur to a significant degree, the streams not normally becoming sufficiently large to permit the development of conditions inhibitory to those organisms with the highest BMWP scores. Also, streams tend to be more ephemeral closer to the source.

29

The second trend shows anthropogenic influence decreasing as the streams' capacity to support macroinvertebrate species characteristic of high water quality increases. As streams grow in size, they become more valuable as a resource and are likely to be impounded for abstraction or storage. Norman (1990) noted that impoundment influenced the composition of invertebrate communities within the streams sampled and suggested that such species would probably colonise these more lentic sites from nearby ponds. Additionally, as a stream's distance from source increases, so does it's catchment area and consequent area of potential pollutant input. This likelihood is increased with every tributary that joins the main flow. This is illustrated by the Mourier catchment where two tributaries, one with a site (M7) supporting a BMWP of 79, another with a site (M8) sufficiently polluted to produce a BMWP of just 34. Immediately below their confluence, another site, M6, has a BMWP of 58, probably as a result of the polluted M8 stream entering and negatively influencing the quality of the cleaner M7 stream. The combined action of these two influences was further demonstrated in St.Peter's catchment. As this stream flows south, it is joined by several tributaries. Their LQI values may be low, B or C, but as the stream approaches the Vallée St. Pierre it has grown in size and microhabitat complexity and has reached an LQI value of A, having had little or no pollution or impoundment inflicted upon it. After this point, increasing urbanisation of the lower catchment decreases the LQI to C, and finally, H. Wyer et al. (1995) emphasised the negative effects of urbanisation upon stream water quality, as well as listing other important anthropogenic factors such as the numbers and proximity of farm stock to the watercourse and the effects of impoundment. Wyer et al. (1995) also explained that several of these factors can be significantly exacerbated by storm events causing increased turbidity and suspended sediment load, resulting in temporal fluctuations in water quality at many sites. Norman (1990) considered the effects of drought on stream faunas, suggesting that regular drought might well reduce the suitability of the streams to more sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa. Considering the small size of the Jersey streams, and the number of dry watercourses observed during the course of this study, it is certainly a factor of some potential importance and would merely be exacerbated by abstraction, diversion and impoundment. 5.3.1 Comparison of biological index scores with previous data Previous studies of Jersey stream macroinvertebrates utilised the BMWP index (Norman, 1990 and Moss, 1996) and other biotic indices. Comparison of such previous data is possible as long as the constraints upon the methods and interpretation noted above are recognised. Norman (1990) concluded that two major factors, concentration of Nitrite (NO2-) and rate of discharge, influenced macroinvertebrate species richness in Jersey streams. Norman suggested that stream discharge, was most important in community determination and that the influence of nitrite concentration manifested by stimulating macrophyte growth. This encouraged the choking of streams with macrophytes which, in turn, inhibited the velocity of the flow. If such choking of the watercourse does occur, as a result of increased nitrite concentration or for other reasons, it might well influence the macroinvertebrate communities by permitting more lentic species to colonise and persist in the lowervelocity water conditions so created. The microhabitats created by the presence of 30

macrophytes would also tend to encourage the colonisation of the waterway by additional macroinvertebrate species.

31

The conclusions of this study also suggest that flow is the most important factor in determining the macroinvertebrate faunas of the streams. Table 5.1 A comparison of BMWP scores from Norman (1990) and this study Catchment Vaux de Lecq Grand Vaux Mourier Valley St. Peter's Valley Rozel Water Works Valley Mean BMWP score; this study 47.33±7.39 64.29±7.44 63.13±5.31 32.64±4.33 39.67±10.39 53.80±13.05 Mean BMWP score; Norman, 1990 36.3±2.45 33.1±5.03 43.9±4.87 35.0±6.92 26.0±4.06 23.8±4.21

Values = Average catchment BMWP score ± standard error of the mean Date of Norman's sampling: mid-late August 1990

The average catchment BMWP scores of Norman (1990) are shown in Table 5.1, together with comparable data from this study. The data can only be compared tentatively; although the time of year of the two studies are comparable, the sampling methods differed and the sites sampled in each catchment were not the same. Additionally, it must be noted that taking averages of BMWP scores is not generally considered an appropriate treatment of the data. In this case, means from the present study have been generated only for comparison with Norman's data. A comparison of the data shows little similarity between the two studies in the nature of average catchment BMWP scores produced. Most (approximately 83%) of the scores from Norman's study are more than 10 lower than those generated in this study. The variance in the data, shown in the standard errors, also differs between the two data sets, the majority (approximately 83%) of the values being larger than the corresponding values of the Norman study. These data, although useful for indirect comparison, illustrate the problems of comparing biotic index values generated using different methodologies. It is not possible to state with any certainty whether the difference between the years or sampling techniques are significant in any way. The data from Moss (1996) are more amenable to comparison in that they originate from previous sampling of sites sampled within this study (Table 5.2). Table 5.2 A comparison of biotic index scores from Moss (1996) and present study Sample Site Labels
This study Moss 1996

BMWP
This study. Moss 1996

ASPT
This study Moss 1996

LQI
This study Moss 1996

32

St.Peter's P9a P8 P5a P2
Vaux de Lecq

1 2 3 4

26 50 37 24

54 33 52 37

3.7 4.6 4.6 4.8

3.9 4.1 4.0 3.4

D B B C

C C C E

2203 2205 2206

5 6 7

61 49 41

42 30 25

4.1 3.8 3.7

3.8 3.8 3.6

B B D

D D D

33

All the values of the three indices' scores obtained for the Vaux de Lecq sites were the same or higher for this study than those from Moss (1996). Those in St. Peter's catchment are more problematic, but, with the exception of the BMWP scores, would appear to reflect this trend. As in the case of Norman (1990) these direct site comparisons may be misleading because of differences in sampling methods, slight variations in sampling location because of difficulties of access caused by vegetation cover varying with time of year. Both comparisons illustrate the importance of sampling replicability when comparisons of biotic data sets are made. Such comparisons made with the above data without reference to such differences might well conclude that the water quality of the streams of Jersey is increasing. This, however, might well be erroneous in view of the uncertainty regarding the comparability of the data. Further problems arise when attempting to relate the data obtained from the Jersey streams with similar watercourses on the British mainland. As Norman (1990) argues, the use of the BMWP (or similar index) evolved for use on the U.K. mainland, although useful for immediate purposes, is probably inappropriate for the long-term assessment of the water quality of Jersey, which has a relatively impoverished aquatic macroinvertebrate fauna. In order that the long-term biotic monitoring of Jersey watercourses should be of maximum relevance and utility to the maintenance and conservation of the water/habitat/environmental quality of the island, the authors suggest that the development and utilisation of an index designed specifically for that purpose should be undertaken. Such an index will prove a valuable environmental management tool for those entrusted with the care of Jersey stream quality. 5.4 Catchment management based on biological water quality

The range of LQI values in this study ranged from A++ ('excellent water quality') to H ('very poor water quality'), (summarised in Tables 4.1-4.10). By examining the factors which contributed to these values (in terms of: surrounding land use, sources of pollution, basin morphology, water flow and extent of aquatic macrophytes), together with the site descriptions (Appendix E), the influence of each upon water quality can be assessed. 5.4.1 Bellozanne Valley catchment In this catchment the highest water quality in terms of biological score was found at sites 2403 and 2402 (LQI: A+). Both these sites were characterized by relatively deep water, moderate surface flow velocity (0.25m/s), undisturbed landuse (e.g. owned by the National Trust for Jersey and managed as a plant rich hay meadow). The major difference between these sites was whether the watercourse was unshaded (2403) or shaded (2402), which was found to have minimal impact on the water quality. Site 2403 had the greater abundance of aquatic macrophytes (7 species, dominated by Apium nodiflorum with 20% cover), whereas site 2402 had only 2 species associated with the stream bed: Urtica dioica and Rubus fruticosus agg., the latter not even classed as an aquatic species. Although a similar range of macroinvertebrate species were found, Potamophylax rotundipennis, a new record to Jersey, was found only at the more vegetated site. Sites 2404a and 2404b were of particular interest; separated by only 50m, 2404a 34

was shaded and located within a pasture, whereas 2404b was a designated 'Green Field' site, much more open and heavily grazed by horses, geese and ducks. The presence of ducks (10 individuals), might have been expected to result in habitat disturbance and thus lower biological water quality. No evidence for this was found, indeed, the landowner regularly drank the stream water. Nevertheless the prevalence of larval acanthocephalans within the Gammarus population was 65% as opposed to a mean prevalence of 3% from other sites. The lowest water quality in terms of BMWP, ASPT, LQI and total macroinvertebrate taxa was found at site 2406, in the grounds of a well-tended private garden. The LQI (B) still indicated 'good water quality', but the reduction in taxa was primarily attributed to the source of the stream, a piped culvert 50m upstream. 5.4.2 Les Vaux de Lecq This catchment possessed a much wider range of water qualities, ranging from LQI values of A+ ('excellent water quality') to G ('poor water quality'). The highest quality site (2202) was the lowest site in the catchment that contained water and comprised a tiny tributary to the main stream. The surrounding landuse was dominated by woodland, with 100% shade, hence low numbers of aquatic macrophytes, but 20% of the stream bed was covered with leaf litter. The low water flow was a result of the very small channel. The lack of disturbance of the stream and the surrounding land was probably an important factor in maintaining the higher biological scores. The three lowest water quality sites (2205, 2206 and 2207), possessed LQI values indicating 'moderate', 'moderate' and 'poor water quality' respectively. All were subject to hydrological disturbance or stagnant water. Site 2205 arose from a culvert i.e. an unfavourable habitat through which macroinvertebrates are unlikely to drift voluntarily, the water was also turbid (to the extent that it was difficult to characterize the stream bed substrate). Site 2206 was stagnant (despite the heavy rainfall the preceding evening) which possessed Lemna minor, a classic still-water macrophyte species, and a mud substrate. Site 2207 was located within a willow carr/swamp with the substrate dominated by silt. Sites 2206 and 2207 shared the lowest dissolved oxygen levels encountered during this study, both 1.4 mg/l. Data from this catchment suggested that culverting and high fine sediment cover had most influence on water quality, probably through the effect of low dissolved oxygen. 5.4.3 Vallée des Vaux/Grand Vaux The sites with the highest LQI values (2506, 2502) within this catchment were those with the highest surface flow (0.33m/s). They were both relatively shaded (40% and 90% shade respectively) again indicating that high macrophyte cover is not essential for high biological water quality. High flow was associated with low sediment deposition (depth 0.16-1.0 cm) and moderately high levels of dissolved oxygen. Site 2502 was located on Water Works land with restricted public access and was thus relatively undisturbed. In contrast, site 2506 was bounded by a car park and a minor road, although road runoff was prevented by high banks. 2502 and 2506 were also the two widest sites in the catchment. At the other end of the spectrum, site 2507 had the lowest water quality scores. This was not due to drop in macroinvertebrate richness (12 scoring taxa were found), but 35

to their close association with still waters. Thus, most scored low (or not at all) on the BMWP lists. The position of the site, below an impoundment pond, supporting an unmeasurably low flow and the third highest sediment depth in this survey explains the lentic nature of the macroinvertebrates found. The least "natural" site in this catchment was partially channelized and located behind a car park (2505). Despite the landuse, there was considerable flow and car park runoff was prevented from entering the stream by a concrete wall. The channelization may account for the reduction in taxa richness, but nevertheless, the taxa present indicated excellent water quality.

36

5.4.4 Queen's Valley Only one site was sampled in this catchment, the Grouville 'SSI'. This site was bordered by a road, and by fields, one of which was having slurry applied to it. The site had very low flow (0.16m/s) and, upstream, high sediment deposition, with subsequently reduced dissolved oxygen levels. Both the LQI value and number of taxa were low ('moderate water quality', only six macroinvertebrate scoring taxa). This site reinforces the relationship between low dissolved oxygen, high silt and reduced water quality. 5.4.5 Longueville catchment This catchment showed the lowest water quality of all sites sampled in this study: LQI categories ranged from C to H ('good' to 'very poor water quality'), with only two sites scoring above 'poor water quality'. It is indicative of the overall poor water quality found within this catchment that the highest scoring site was L8; a gutter by the side of a minor road. The water originated from a culvert 20m above the sampling point giving a good surface water flow (0.33m/s) and there was a 80% cover on the gutter bed of Fontinalis anti-pyretica. The other 'good water quality' site was 5c, an additional site sampled as 5a was dry at the time of study. This was a more typical site in a cow-grazed meadow, although the conductivity at 1150µS was the highest encountered in this study, implying possible pollution from an industrial estate 20m west of the stream. The lowest water quality sites included Longueville 2-4, which were all characterized by artificial, trapezoidal, channelized stream sections, 100% fine sediment cover, high conductivities (930-980µS), with calcium ions in the range 92-100 mg/l, probably due to leaching of ions from the concrete channel, as well as road runoff in all cases. Only four macroinvertebrate taxa were obtained from each site, despite relatively high dissolved oxygen. The landowner of these sites expressed concern about their water quality as he abstracted water from the stream for his cows to drink. In addition, sites 2 and 3 receive runoff from a Trading Estate which may produce intermittent pollution which would be reflected in the poor water quality revealed by the macroinvertebrate community survey. The effect of stream channelisation and associated loss of microhabitats appeared to have a distinct effect on the macroinvertebrate fauna, despite high dissolved oxygen values. This may have been exacerbated by runoff from busy roads, but given that 5c had a higher conductivity and number of macroinvertebrate species, this suggests that concrete channelization was the major influence. 5.4.6 La Vallée des Mouriers In general, the water quality of this catchment was good (7 out of 8 sites giving LQI categories of A to A+ ('excellent water quality'). These sites possessed a relatively undisturbed surrounding landuse, mostly wooded. The slightly lower water quality (A 'excellent') sites (M1, M6 and M8) are worthy of more detailed consideration. Site M1 was located in the spillway beneath a reservoir damming the Mourier stream, hence suffered from impoundment, but nevertheless had high macroinvertebrate richness (due to the inclusion of still-water taxa). Site M6 arose directly beneath a culvert, but thereafter the surrounding landuse was undisturbed. This was thought to explain the slight drop to LQI category A. Downstream of M6, site M5 ran alongside a little used road and may have suffered occasional run off from this, but sufficient only to maintain the small reduction in LQI found at M6, thus retaining an LQI score of A. 37

The only site showing significantly poorer water quality was site M8, only possessing 'moderate water quality' (LQI score D), indeed this site had the lowest species richness within the catchment. Factors contributing to this included road runoff from heavy tourist coach traffic (as well as domestic vehicles), reported periodic pollution incidents from washing out petrol/oil tanks (according to local residents) and impoundment of the stream upstream of the site. Poor water quality from site M8 may also have had a negative influence on water quality at sites M6 and M5. The factors and the extent to which they reduce water quality are consistent with previous catchments. Species of note were found at sites M1; Limnephilus flavicornis, a new record, traditionally associated with still water and M6; Tinodes pallidus, a new record to Jersey. This was the only catchment which contained the stonefly Nemoura erratica. 5.4.7 St. Peter's Valley This catchment possessed the most variability in LQI categories, from A to H (i.e. 'excellent' to 'very poor water quality'). Highest water quality was associated with sites P7 and P7a, which although species poor (8 and 5 taxa respectively), had high ASPT and LQI values. Site 7 was situated within horse-grazed pasture (crossed by a footpath) with a moderate dissolved oxygen level (7.2 mg/l). Site 7a possessed cropped vegetation on the west bank, but to the east ran parallel to the A11, hence a possible source of runoff. However, to some extent, this may have been mitigated by the dense bramble and nettle vegetation which lay between the road and the stream and could serve as a sink for runoff. In contrast, sites P1 and P13 had "poor" and "very poor" water quality' respectively. P1 was the top site to the catchment with clear evidence of pollution, in the form of an oily film. Further periodic pollution incidents were reported by the landowner, possibly due to pollution of the subterranean feeds to the stream by garage effluent. A foul discharge from a domestic property affecting this site was identified by PSd staff in September 1996 and has since been removed. Additional stresses to the macroinvertebrate community were provided by low surface flow (0.045m/s). P13 possessed 'very poor water quality' and only one species was taken from this site. It had high conductivity (900µS), and was probably influenced by tidal incursions into the stream. The potential influence of other factors were seen at other sites in this catchment. For example, site P3 was more characteristic of a still-water site, heavily vegetated, with low flow and the highest sediment depth recorded in this study (0.45m) and thus recorded one of the lowest ASPT scores in the catchment (3.9). This site yielded a new species record for Jersey: the water beetle Hydraena testacea. The Tesson Mill site also had low flow, but without deep sediment. In this case the occasional appearance of a 10 cm layer of foam on the surface of the stream was reported by a local resident, and there was evidence to suggest that runoff from a minor road may enter the watercourse. These factors, together with the increasing levels of anthropogenic influence associated with proximity to urban-influenced areas gave it a lower LQI score (B) than the upstream site P7 (A). The nearby P9 site (LQI score C) was probably subjected to similar influences and, in addition, was located downstream of an impoundment and receives occasional discharge from a reservoir. 38

The St. Peter's catchment data gave support to previous findings of stream size and distance from source increasing macroinvertebrate diversity and consequent water quality scores as well as confirming the likely negative impact of pollution sources on the macroinvertebrate community. The St. Peter's data also suggested that sites with still water characteristics tended to have reduced biological index scores. In addition, it suggests that possible tidal inflows may drastically reduce both macroinvertebrate communities and water quality.

39

5.4.8 Rozel catchment All sites sampled in this catchment were part of the Rozel Woods SSI (not just the stepping stones/St. Catherine's 'SSI'). The sites generally had "excellent" to "good" water quality. Exceptions to this were R3 and R5 which indicated "moderate" to "very poor" water quality. Both these sites were tributaries feeding the main stream, with very low flow (0.013m/s and 0.06m/s respectively). Site R5 had the narrowest stream width recorded in this study (0.38m). The St. Catherine's 'SSI' possessed the highest number of taxa in this catchment, but only achieved 'good water quality', The stream at this site widens considerably, with a subsequent decrease in surface flow and increased silt deposition (average 0.4m). The site contained many typically still-water species e.g. Hesperocorixa sahlbergi, Sigara limitata, many of which belonged to Families containing flowing water members, hence were included in the calculation of BMWP, ASPT and LQI values, hence the calculation of water quality remains high. The Rozel catchment indicated generally good water quality (according to macroinvertebrate scores), with the exception of minor tributaries. 5.4.9 Water Works Valley catchment This was another variable water quality catchment, with LQI categories ranging from A+ to F ("excellent" to "poor" water quality). The lowest water qualities were associated with the two sites at the top of the catchment, each the top site of the two tributaries which feed this stream. Site W4 indicated "poor" water quality, with equally low BMWP and ASPT scores. The site lay in a horse-grazed meadow, but was fed by two water pipes; the northerly pipe was dry, and the pipe from the west only gave a discharge of 0.077 ls-1. The surface flow was zero. As a consequence of the low flow there was 99% cover of sediment on the stream bed. The site contained some classic still-water species e.g. Cloeon dipterum and Lymnaea peregra. The other top site, W3 possessed "moderate" water quality. It was also situated in a grazed meadow, by cows and ducks. The surface flow was moderate (0.2m/s) and the substrate dominated by silt. The water itself was turbid, with considerable suspended material. As a consequence of the above factors there was also low dissolved oxygen (3.9 mg/l) and the highest conductivity in the catchment (820µS). The number of taxa was also the lowest in the catchment and contained still water/marsh species e.g. Anacaena limbata. Below these sites, W2 and W1 both showed "excellent" water quality, with high levels of dissolved oxygen and moderate to high velocity. The lowest site in this catchment, Millbrook SSI showed a reduction in water quality to 'good'. The stream flowed between Mill House (a largely wooded section) and the car park of the 'Universal Church of Our Lady', although runoff from the car park was prevented by a 0.3m wall. Upstream of the site was a marsh and further upstream a reservoir, hence it had an unusual combination of species i.e. flowing water species e.g. Gammarus pulex and Simuliidae, still-water species including Hydroporus palustris and Helobdella stagnalis, together with marshland species e.g. Planorbis albus, the only occurrence of this species within the sites studied. Notable species found in this catchment were the water beetles Gyrinus urinator and Hydraena testacea (W1), Limnebius truncatellus (W2) and the leech Haementeria costata (Millbrook). Overall the trends indicated that piped sources (W4) reduce biological water quality. Similarly, low dissolved oxygen levels and suspended matter (W3) also reduce 40

biological water quality index scores. The species present at Millbrook may also reflect the contribution of marshy/impounded sources.

41

5.4.10 Les Prés D'Auvergne Only one site was sampled in this catchment, Les Prés D'Auvergne 'SSI'. This site possessed high dissolved oxygen (8.0 mg/l), moderate flow and a largely undisturbed catchment. The water quality was considered to be 'excellent'.

5.5

Discussion of the major factors influencing water quality

The factors discussed in the preceding sections included: flow rate, sediment cover and dissolved oxygen (all of which are interrelated), surrounding landuse (in terms of management and sources of pollution), water source e.g. impoundment ponds and culverts, stream morphology (e.g. channelisation, stream width), suspended matter and possible tidal flow. The most common factor influencing water quality was water impoundment, to such an extent that this was the major division in the TWINSPAN classification. As a result of impoundment, many sites downstream had a low flow, high sediment (% cover of substrate and depth) with consequently lowered levels of dissolved oxygen. Many of the species found in these sites were classic still water species, possibly colonizing from the impoundment ponds, which often did not contribute to the water quality scores. On the other hand, the number of species found did not necessarily drop, indeed in some cases these were amongst the most species-rich sites of the catchment. Norman (1990) also noted the effect of impoundment and emphasised the importance of low flow in lowering water quality. In the extreme case some sites were dry at the time of sampling e.g. Vaux de Lecq sites 2200, 2201a, but Everard (1996) argues that in seasonal streams, e.g. 'Winterbournes', seasonal drought may increase invertebrate diversity, by encouraging specialist species. Collinson (1995) reinforced this point for ponds, indeed stated that conservation value may be improved by the occurrence of these specialist species, although continued survival required the ability to retreat into moist areas of the substrate. The next consistent source of lower water quality occurred in concrete channelized sections of the stream e.g. L2-L4. This reflects both the unavailability of refuges in drought or flood conditions and a reduction in microhabitats. In the Longueville catchment this was further complicated by suspected sources of pollution. Solutions to such contamination include construction of artificial wetlands (e.g. reed beds) to take up the pollutants, and deliberate planting with macrophytes to provide more habitats (Cooper et al.,1996). Interestingly, once a number of microhabitats exist, high vegetation abundance does not necessarily increase water quality, although many new records e.g. Potamophylax rotundipennis and Hydraena testacea were found in macrophyte rich sites. Inevitably pollution sources provide a further source of reduced water quality. Biological water quality indices largely reflect the degree of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) in the stream e.g. the suspended matter in W3, caused the BOD to increase, therefore dissolved oxygen levels decreased and less macroinvertebrate taxa were found. However, reductions in species richness may indicate other sources e.g. oil/petrol at P1 and M8, 'foam' reported from Tesson Mill 'SSI', possible industrial waste at L2 and road runoff from many sites. Furthermore, it was noted that such incidents need not be continuous, pollution episodes may also cause reduction in macroinvertebrate (and 42

macrophyte numbers). A supplementary source of reduced water quality suggested was tidal inflow (P13). Saline intrusion of groundwaters in the south, south east and west of the island, through over abstraction of groundwater resources, has been identified and may similarly reduce water quality as indexed through the analysis of macroinvertebrate communities.

43

References Bratton, J.H. (1983). Some records of aquatic invertebrates in Jersey. Annual Bulletin of the Societé Jersiaise 23(3): 369-372. Chandler, J.R. (1970). A biological approach to water quality management. Water Pollution Control 69: 415-422. Chatfield, J.E. (1975). Non-marine Mollusca in Jersey: a revised list. Annual Bulletin of the Societé Jersiaise 21(3): 397-408. Chesters, R.K., (1980). Biological Monitoring Exercise Party. The 1978 national testing exercise. DoE, Water Data Unit Technical Memorandum 19: 1-37. Collinson, N.H., Biggs, J., Corfield, A., Hodson, M.J., Walker, D., Whitfield, M. and Williams, P.J. (1995). Temporary and permanent ponds: an assessment of the effects of drying out on the conservation value of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities. Biological Conservation 74: 125-133. Cooper, P.F., Job, G.D., Green, M.B. and Shutes, R.B.E. (1996) Reed beds and constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Water Research Centre Publications, Swindon. Edington, J.M. and Hildrew, A.G. (1981). A key to the caseless caddis larvae of the British Isles. Biological Association Scientific Publication No.43. Elliot, J.M., Humpesch, U.H. and Macan, T.T. (1988). Larvae of the British Ephemeroptera: a key with ecological notes. Biological Association Scientific Publication No.49. Elliot, J.M. and Mann, K.H. (1979). A key to the British freshwater leeches. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication No.40. Everard, M. (1996). The importance of periodic droughts for maintaining diversity in the freshwater environment. Freshwater Forum 7: 33-50. Extence, C.A., Bates, A.J., Forbes, W.J. and Barham, P.J. (1987). Biologically based water quality management. Environmental Pollution 45: 221-236. Fitter, R. and Manuel, R. (1986). Freshwater Life. Collins. Friday, L.E. (1988). A key to the adults of British water beetles. (AIDGAP Key). Fied Studies Council Publication 189. Gauch, G.H. (1982). University Press. Multivariate analysis in Community Ecology. Cambridge

Gledhill, T., Sutcliffe, D.W. and Williams, W.D. (1976). A revised key to the British species of Crustacea: Malacostrata occurring in fresh water. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication No.32.

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Hammond, C.O. (1983). The dragonflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Harley Books. Hill, M.O. (1979a). DECORANA-A FORTRAN program for Detrended Correspondence Analysis and Reciprocal Averaging. Ithaca N.Y. Cornell University.

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Hill, M.O. (1979b). TWINSPAN-A FORTRAN program for arranging multivariate data in an ordered two-way table by classification of the individuals and attributes. Ithaca N.Y. Cornell University. Huet, M. (1949). Apercu des relations entre le pente et les populations piscicoles des eaux courantes. Schweiz. Z. Hydrol. 11: 332-351. Hynes, H.B.N. (1977). A key to the adults and nymphs of British stoneflies (Plecoptera). (3rd ed). Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication No.17. Jackson, D.A. and Somers, K.M. (1991). Putting things in order: the ups and downs of Detrended Correspondence Analysis. The American Naturalist 137: 704-712. Le Quesne, W.J. (1947). The caddis flies of Jersey. Annual Bulletin of the Societé Jersiaise 14: 324-328. Le Quesne, W.J. (1953). A list of the of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera of Jersey. Annual Bulletin of the Societé Jersiaise 16(1): 87-96. Le Quesne, W.J. (1990). Entomology Section Report for 1989. Annual Bulletin of the Societe Jersiaisé 25: 220-223. Macan, T.T. (1977). A key to the British fresh- and brackish-water Gastropods (4th ed.). Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication No.13. Moss, J.S. (1996). The effects of stream water quality on benthic macro-invertebrates, a comparative study using pollution indices. BSc project, University of Plymouth. Norman, T.B. (1990). An ecological survey of six Jersey streams. MSc thesis, Imperial College, University of London. Rose, F. (1981). The wildflower key, British Isles - NW Europe. Warne. Savage, A.A. (1989). Adults of the British Hemiptera Heteroptera: a key with ecological notes. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication No.50. Wallace,. I.D., Wallace, B. and Philipson, G.N. (1990). A key to the case bearing caddis of Britain and Ireland. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication No.51. Wright, J.F., Moss, D., Armitage, P.D. and Furse, M.T. (1984). A preliminary classification of running-water sites in Great Britain based on macro-invertebrate species and the prediction of community type using environmental data. Freshwater Biology 14: 221-256. Wyer, M., Crowther, J. and Kay, D. (1995). Further assessment of the non-outfall sources of bacterial indicator organisms to the coastal zone of the Island of Jersey. A report to the States of Jersey Public Services Department.

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Glossary of taxonomic terms
For ease of use, nomenclatural order follows that of tables shown in appendices. Nomenclature and taxonomy follow Fitter and Manuel (1986). Taxa Definition/Characterisitics - flatworms, flukes and tapeworms - free-living flatworms. - large white flatworm, common in still and running waters - brown flatworm, common in many aquatic habitats - brown flatworm, possess two anterior tentacles, found in small streams - small black flatworm characteristic of lowland streams and lakes

Phylum PLATYHELMINTHES (TURBELLARIA) Dendrocoelum lacteum Dugesia polychroa Polycelis felina P. nigra/tenuis Phylum ANNELIDA Subclass HIRUDINEA Erpobdella octoculata

- segmented worms and leeches - leeches - brown/black mottled leech, common in freshwaters of all types: devours small invertebrates E. testacea - as above but unmottled, can withstand more eutrophic conditions than E.octoculata Glossiphonia complanata - common grey/green leech, marked with brown: found in all sorts of water where it feeds on aquatic molluscs G. heteroclita - translucent, amber-coloured leech, preys on aquatic molluscs, found mainly in stillwaters Helobdella stagnalis - found in still or slow waters, a translucent grey/white leech: sucks body fluids from various invertebrates Haementaria costata - introduced from the continent, this leech sucks blood from vertebrates. Generally occurs with macrophytes Theromyzon tessulatum - found in most waters except very fast flowing, an olive/grey, gelatinous leech: sucks blood from waterfowl Subclass OLIGOCHAETA Phylum MOLLUSCA Class GASTROPODA Ancylus fluviatilis Lymnaea peregra L. truncatulata Planorbis vortex P. albus P. leucostoma Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Physa heterostropha Valvatidae Succinea sp. Zonitoides sp. Class BIVALVIA Pisidium sp. - segmented worms, generally detritivores in sediments, etc. - snails limpets and mussels - snails and limpets - River Limpet: common in rivers, found on hard substrata such as stones - Wandering Snail: commonest watersnail in Europe - all sorts of waters - widespread spired snail species characteristic in marginal water or wet vegetation. Vector for liver-fluke - a common ramshorn snail, found in running water, especially associated with macrophytes - ramshorn snail, widespread in all types of water - ramshorn snail, found in many waters but often favours those of a temporary nature - originally a brackish-water spired snail species, now found in all sorts of running water - a bladder snail, probably introduced from Europe - small snails with low, broad shells, found associated with thick beds of aquatic weeds - spired snail commonly found on the aerial sections of aquatic plants - low, broad snail found at the base of marshland plants - bivalves (clams and mussels) - Pea mussel, common in all aquatic habitats, especially still or slowflowing

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Phylum CRUSTACEA Class MALACOSTRACA - True shrimps, prawns, crabs, crayfish, etc. Order Isopoda Asellus aquaticus A. meridianus Order Amphipoda Gammarus pulex G. duebeni

- Water Slater - looks like a woodlouse, feeds of organic detritus in still or slow water - as above, but smaller and characterstic of offshore islands

- freshwater shrimp, found mainly in running waters - brackish water shrimp that can adapt to freshwater in the absence of competiton from G.pulex

Phylum UNIRAMIA Subphylum HEXAPODA Class PTERYGOTA Order Odonata Agrion virgo Cordulegaster boltonii Ischnura elegans Enallagma cyathigera Coenagrion puella

- insects - winged insects

- dragonflies and damselflies - The Demoiselle Agrion, only breeds in clear, fast-flowing streams - The Golden-Ringed Dragonfly, characteristic of clear, well-oxygenated streams - The Blue-tailed Damselfly, very common damselfly, found in slower or still waters - The Common Blue Damselfly, nymphs dwell in weeds in a variety of waterbodies _ The Azure Damselfly, nymphs found in weeds in many types of waterbody - mayflies - anglers' name:"Large Dark Olive Dun"; characterstic of riffles in streams - anglers' name: "Pond Olive Dun" or "Lake Olive Dun"; Running and stillwater (even eutrophic) inhabitant - a running and stillwater inhabitant - often more associated with macrophytes and/or deeper water than C.dipterum. - anglers' name - "Blue-winged Olive Dun" and "Sherry Spinner"; Lives on running water on stones - stoneflies - found in small, stony streams

Order Ephemeroptera Baetis rhodani Cloeon dipterum C. simile Ephemerella ignita

Order Plecoptera Nemoura erratica Order Hemiptera Notonecta glauca N. maculata Plea leachi

- bugs - a backswimmer; predatory bug found in stillwaters - another backswimmer, very similar to N.glauca - tiny, deep-bodied backswimming bug. Common in most waterbodies if macrophytes present Velia sp. - water cricket; scurries over the surface film of running waters Hydrometra stagnorum - a slow-moving, stilt-legged bug that lives on the water surface at the margin of streams and other waterbodies Nepa cinerea - water scorpion, predatory with raptorial forelegs, found in vegetation in still or running water Cymatia coleoptrata - a small bug, characteristic of stillwaters Hesperocorixa sahlbergi - a waterboatman, generally found in stillwaters Sigara limitata - waterboatman, generally found inhabiting stillwaters Sigara stagnalis - a waterboatman, characteristic of stillwaters Sigara nigrolineata - a waterboatman, usually in stillwaters Sigara selecta - waterboatman, generally found within stillwaters Sigara distincta - a waterboatman, generally found in stillwaters Sigara lateralis - a waterboatman, usually in stillwaters Sigara dorsalis - water boatman found in still and running water

48

Corixa sp.

- water boatmen (immature nymphs - unidentifiable to species)

49

- caddis flies - caseless caddis, usually found in the headwaters (near the source) of unpolluted rivers Hydropsyche siltalai - caseless caddis, usually the next species to be found slightly downstream of D.felix. Plectrocnemia conspersa - caseless caddis, very intolerant of low oxygen & high temperature. Usually found in the headwaters of small streams P. geniculata - a caseless caddis, intolerant of low oxygen of high temperature. Mainly found in the headwaters of small streams Agapetus fuscipes - caddis larvae, with fixed case made from stne fragments. Found on stones in flowing water. Wormaldia sp. - caseless caddises, spin webs in the rapids of small streams to collect food particles Rhyacophila dorsalis - predatory caseless caddis commonly found in clean, fast-flowing streams R. septentrionis - as above, but more localised distribution Limnephilus lunatus - cased caddis, widespread and common in macrophyte beds of most water types, but not in fast-flowing water L. flavicornis - cased caddis, widespread and common in macrophyte beds of most water types, but not in fast-flowing water Halesus radiatus - a cased caddis species found in streams, rivers and lake shores, less often in very small streams Chaetopteryx villosa - a species of cased caddis, found on weedy and stony substrata in rivers and streams Potamophylax rotundipennis - cased caddis found in streams and rivers with sandy/stony substrata Sericostoma personata - cased caddis species found in trickles, streams and lakes where sandy/stony substrata Tinodes waeneri - caseless caddis found in stony streams and rivers T. pallidus - an uncommon caseless caddis species in the UK, found only in a few small streams Order Coleoptera - beetles Haliplus lineatocollis - small beetle found in slowly-running water, eats algae H. ruficollis group - small beetles found in ponds and ditches Gyrinus urinator - whirligig beetle, found in running water G. substriatus - whirligig beetle found in fresh and brackish water Hydroporus palustris - beetle found in slow or still water H. pubescens - beetle found in fresh or slightly-brackish waters H. tesselatus - as above, found in pools, running water or saltmarshes Potamonectes depressus-elegans - small beetle found in rivers Agabus bipustulatus - predatory beetle found in a variety of habitats A. sturmii - predatory beetle found in still or stagnant water Ilybius fuliginosus - predatory beetle found in a variety of aquatic habitats Hydroglyphus pusillus - small beetle found in a variety of marginal habitats Laccophilus minutus - small beetle found in ponds and ditches Hygrotus inaequalis - tiny beetle found in ponds and slow waters Anacaena globulus - tiny beetle found in running water A. lutescens - tiny beetle found in more acid waters than L.globulus Hydrobius fuscipes - beetle found in pools with detritus Helophorus sp. - ubiquitous genus of small beetles Elmis aenea - tiny black riffle beetle found in rapids of streams Limnius volckmari - as above but slightly larger Family Helodidae - a family of terrestrial beetles whose trilobite-like larve inhabit streams Hydraena testacea - small beetle found in muddy streams Limnebius truncatellus - small beetle found in streams Order Diptera - true (two-winged) flies Family Ceratopogonidae - Biting midges; larvae live in algal mats in freshwater Family Chironomidae - Plumed gnats, buzzers and non-biting midges; larvae are the classical "bloodworms" found in freshwaters Family Culicidae - Mosquitoes and gnats; larvae inhabit a variety of freshwater habitats Family Dixidae - Meniscus midges; larvae live under the surface film at the margins of

Order Trichoptera Diplectrona felix

50

freshwater habitats

51

- Blackflies; larvae are dumbell-shaped and live in flowing waters - Horseflies; aquatic larvae may inhabit many habitats in freshwater - Craneflies; some have aquatic lavae (usually predatory) that may inhabit various types of waterbody Family Ptychopteridae - Phantom Craneflies; larvae live in mud at margins of pools/ponds, etc Family Psychodidae - Owl Midges and Moth Flies; larvae occur in foul or detritus-choked aquatic habitats Family Lonchopteridae - small, slender flies, found at edges of shady streams, larvae found in vegetable matter in similar locations

Family Simuliidae Family Tabanidae Family Tipulidae

52

M3

La Vallée des Mouriers

M1 M5 M4 M6 M7 M8 2202 Les Pres D'Auvergne Les Vaux de Lecq 2203 P1 2204 2205 2206 2207 St. Peter's Valley P2 P3

Waterworks Valley W4 W3 2504 Rozel catchment Grands Vaux / Vallée des Vaux

P4a

P4 2406 R4 R3 2503 2404a/b P8a W1 P9a J Millbrook P13 Mean High Water Bellozanne Valley Mean Low Water L6 Vallée des Vaux 2505 L5b 2402 2403 P9 2506 2507 Grands Vaux 2502 R5 R2 R1 W2 P5 P7a

P5a

St. Ouën's Bay
St Peter's Valley

P7

St. Catherine's Bay

3
St. Brélades Bay Legend PSd Sampling point Site of Special Interest

St Helier

St. Aubin's Bay

St. HelierL5c
L2 L4 L3

L7 L5

Grouville

Queen's Valley

L8

Royal Bay of Grouville

Longueville catchment


0 1 km

Figure 1.1 Macroinvertebrate sampling sites

60 Sites

Polycelis felina Elmis aenea

Pisidium sp.

Glossiphonia complanata Gammarus pulex

Glossiphonia complanata

Gammarus pulex

Polycelis felina Erpobdella octoculata

Gammarus duebeni Agapetus fuscipes

Plectrocnemia geniculata

Ancylus fluviatilis

Ephemerella ignita Baetis rhodani

Chironomidae

Gammarus duebeni

12
L5c L8 R5 P2 L5b R3 P4 P4a P5a P7 P7a P8a P9a R1 R4 R2

Figure 4.1 TWINSPAN classification of Jersey sites

P5 Tesson Mill B2403 B2402 B2404a B2404b B2406 GV2505 GV2506 GV2502 GV2503 GV2504 Grands Vaux SSI

W1 V2202 V2203 V2204 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M SSI P9

W2 V de Vaux SSI Legend B Bellozanne V Vaux de Lecq GV Grands Vaux/Vallée des Vaux L Longueville M Mourier P St Peter's R Rozel W Waterworks Valley

P3 V2205 Pres d'Au. SSI M1

P1 L2 L3 St Cath. SSI V2207 Grouville SSI P13 L4

W4 W3 Millbrook GV2507 V2206

350 300 DECORANA axis 2 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 50
R2

L5c

L8 R3 R4 P2

5
L5b

3
P9 R1

9 10

13

R5

6+7

8

100

150 200 DECORANA axis 1

250

300

350

Figure 4.2 DECORANA ordination of Jersey sites

Appendix A1. BMWP values for each of the scoring taxa
Taxa with a value of 10: Siphlonuridae Heptageniidae Leptophlebiidae Ephemerellidae Potamanthidae Ephemeridae Taeniopterygidae Leuctridae Capniidae Perlodidae Perlidae Chloroperlidae Aphelocheiridae Phryganeidae Molannidae Beraeidae Odontoceridae Leptoceridae Goeridae Lepidostomatidae Brachycentridae Sericostomatidae Taxa with a value of 8: Astacidae Lestidae Agriidae Gomphidae Cordulegasteridae Aeshnidae Corduliidae Libellulidae Psychomyiidae Ecnomidae Philopotamidae Taxa with a value of 7: Caenidae Nemouridae Rhyacophilidae Glossosomatiidae Polycentropodidae Limnephilidae Taxa with a value of 6: Neritidae Viviparidae Ancylidae Acroloxidae Hydroptilidae Unionidae Corophiidae Gammaridae Crangonyctidae Platycnemidae Coenagriidae Taxa with a value of 5: Mesovelidae Hydrometridae Gerridae Nepidae Naucoridae Notonectidae Pleidae Corixidae Haliplidae Hygrobiidae Dytiscidae Noteridae Gyrinidae Hydrophilidae Hydraenidae Clambidae Scirtidae Dryopidae Elmidae Chrysomelidae Curculionidae Hydropsychidae Tipulidae Simuliidae Planariidae Dugesiidae Dendrocoelidae Taxa with a value of 4: Baetidae Sialidae Piscicolidae Taxa with a value of 3: Valvatidae Hydrobiidae Bithyniidae Lymnaeidae Physidae Planorbidae Spaeriidae Glossiphoniidae Hirudinidae Erpobdellidae Asellidae Taxa with a value of 2: Chironomidae Taxa with a value of 1: Oligochaeta

Appendix A2. Results of the pilot study; Rozel 2, 9/6/96
Taxa Polycelis felina Glossiphonia complanata Erpobdella octoculata Hemiclepsis marginata Oligochaeta Ancylus fluviatilis Succinea sp. Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Asellus aquaticus Asellus meridianus Gammarus duebeni Cordulegaster boltoni Baetis rhodani Sigara scotti Hydrometra stagnorum Hydropsyche siltalai Diplectrona felix Potamophylax rotundipennis Sericostoma personata Agapetus fuscipes Haliplus lineatocollis Elmis aenea Hydroporus tesselatum Chironomidae Simuliidae Number of taxa BMWP ASPT Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 20 82 4.82 + 3 minute sample + +

+

+

+

+

+ + + + + + + +

+

+ + +

+ + + + +

+ 8 39 4.88

+ 14 64 4.92

+ 11 49 4.9

Appendix A3

Jaccards Index values comparing macroinvertebrate richness between the three minute and time-unlimited samples

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3

3 minute sample 0.46 0.35 0.56

Appendix B1 Bellozanne Valley
Phylum/Class Triclada Family Planariidae Dendrocoelidae Erpobdellidae Glossiphoniidae Genus/species Polycelis nigra/tenuis Polycelis felina Dendrocoelum lacteum Erpobdella testacea Erpobdella octoculata Helobdella stagnalis Glossiphonia complanata Glossiphonia heteroclita Haementeria costata Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Physa heterostropha Lymnaea peregra Lymnaea truncatula Ancylus fluviatilis Planorbis albus Planorbis vortex Pisidium sp. Zonitoides sp. Succinea sp. Gammarus pulex Gammarus duebeni Asellus aquaticus Asellus meridianus Cordulegaster boltoni Agrion virgo Enallagma cyathigerum Ephemerella ignita Baetis rhodani Cloeon dipterum Cloeon simile Notonecta maculata Velia sp. Hydrometra stagnorum Nepa cinerea Plea leachi Hesperocorixa sahlbergi Cymatia coleoptrata Sigara limitata Sigara stagnalis Sigara nigrolineata Sigara selecta Corixa nymphs Diplectrona felix Hydropsyche siltalai Tinodes waeneri Rhyacophila sp. Rhyacophila dorsalis Rhyacophila septentrionis Plectrocnemia conspersa Agapetus fuscipes Limnephilus lunatus Halesus radiatus Chaetopteryx villosa Potamophylax rotundipennis Sericostoma personata Haliplus lineatocollis Haliplus ruficollis group Gyrinus urinator Gyrinus substriatus Hydroporus palustris Hydroporus pubescens Potamonectes depressus-elegans Ilybius fuliginosus Hydroglyphus pusillus Laccophilus minutus Anacaena globulus Helophorus sp. Elmis aenea Limnius volckmari Hydraena testacea Limnebius truncatellus 24 03 2 3 24 02 2 2404 a 2 2404 b 1 240 6 2 2 2 2 2 1 Hydrobiidae Physidae Lymnaeidae Ancylidae Planorbidae Sphaeriidae Zonitidae Succineidae Gammaridae Asellidae Insecta Cordulegasteridae Agriidae Coenagrioniidae Ephemerellidae Baetidae 3 2 1 2

Hirudinea

3 1 3

1 3

2

Oligochaeta Mollusca

1 2

1

1

1

2

1 5 3

1 5 1 5

2 5 1 1 5

Crustacea

2

1

2

1

2

3

3

Notonectidae Veliidae Hydrometridae Nepidae Pleidae Corixidae

2 1 1 1 1

1 1

Hydropsychidae Psychomyiidae Rhyacophilidae

2 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2

Polycentropidae (Glossosomatidae) Limnephilidae

2

Sericostomatidae Haliplidae Gyrinidae Dytscidae

3 2

1

1 1 1

Hydrophilidae Elmidae (Hydraenidae) Helodidae Syrphidae Tabanidae Tipulidae Ceratopogonidae Dixidae Ptychopteridae Culicidae Simuliidae Chironomidae Psychodidae Lonchopteridae

3

1 3 2 1

2

2 1

3

3 1 1 3 2 2 3 1 2 1

1

1

1 1

1 1 1

2 1 BMWP ASPT Total scoring taxa 78 5.2 15

1 1

1 2 1 74 4.9 15

3 2

82 4.8 17

77 4.8 16

62 4.4 14

Appendix B2 Vaux de Lecq
Phylum/Class Triclada Family Planariidae Dugesiidae Dendrocoelidae Erpobdellidae Glossiphoniidae Genus/species Polycelis nigra/tenuis Polycelis felina Dugesia polychroa Dendrocoelum lacteum Erpobdella testacea Erpobdella octoculata Helobdella stagnalis Glossiphonia complanata Glossiphonia heteroclita Haementeria costata Theromyzon tessulatum Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Physa heterostropha Lymnaea peregra Lymnaea truncatula Ancylus fluviatilis Planorbis albus Planorbis vortex Pisidium sp. Zonitoides sp. Succinea sp. Gammarus pulex Gammarus duebeni Asellus aquaticus Asellus meridianus Cordulegaster aff boltoni Agrion virgo Enallagma cyathigerum Coenagrion puella Nemoura erratica Ephemerella ignita Baetis rhodani Cloeon dipterum Cloeon simile Notonecta maculata Notonecta glauca Velia sp. Velia caprai Hydrometra stagnorum Nepa cinerea Plea leachi Hesperocorixa sahlbergi Cymatia coleoptrata Sigara limitata Sigara stagnalis Sigara nigrolineata Sigara selecta Sigara distincta Sigara lateralis Sigara dorsalis Corixa nymphs Diplectrona felix Hydropsyche siltalai Plectrocnemia geniculata Wormaldia sp. Tinodes waeneri Tinodes pallidus Rhyacophila dorsalis Rhyacophila septentrionis Rhyacophila sp. Agapetus fuscipes Limnephilus lunatus Limnephilus flavicornis [gr Halesus radiatus Chaetopteryx villosa Potamophylax rotundipennis Sericostoma personata Haliplus lineatocollis Haliplus ruficollis group Gyrinus urinator Gyrinus substriatus Hydroporus palustris Hydroporus pubescens Hydroporus tessellatus Potamonectes depressus-elegans Ilybius fuliginosus Hydroglyphus pusillus Laccophilus minutus Hygrotus inaequalis Agabus sturmii Agabus TBI Anacaena globulus Anacaena lutescens Helophorus sp. Elmis aenea Limnius volckmari Hydraena testacea Limnebius truncatellus 22 02 3 22 03 4 22 04 4 2 220 5 2 220 6 22 07

Hirudinea

3 3

1 3

2 2 2

2

Oligochaeta Mollusca

1 Hydrobiidae Physidae Lymnaeidae Ancylidae Planorbidae Sphaeriidae Zonitidae Succineidae Gammaridae Asellidae

3 5

1 3 5

1 4 5

3 3

3 1

2

3

4

4

1 2 5

1

2 1 4

4

Crustacea

4

5

5 1 2

1

Acari Insecta

2 1

3

Cordulegasteridae Agrioniidae Coenagrioniidae Nemouridae Ephemerellidae Baetidae

2 4 3 3

Notonectidae Veliidae Hydrometridae Nepidae Pleidae Corixidae

1 1 1 1

Hydropsychidae Polycentropidae Philopotamidae Psychomyiidae Insecta Rhyacophilidae

2

2

3

1 2

(Glossosomatidae) Lepidostomatidae Limnephilidae

2

Sericostomatidae Haliplidae Gyrinidae Dytscidae

1 1

Hydrophilidae

2

2

Elmidae (Hydraenidae) Helodidae Tabanidae Tipulidae Ceratopogonidae Dixidae Ptychopteridae Culicidae Simuliidae Psychodidae Chironomidae Lonchopteridae

2

1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2

1 2 1 BMWP ASPT Total scoring taxa 59 5.4 11 3 61 4.1 15 3 3 60 4.3 14 2 5 49 3.8 13 4 41 3.7 11

3

5 14 2.8 5

Appendix B3a Grand Vaux/Vallée des Vaux (non 'SSI' sites)
Phylum/Class Triclada Family Planariidae Dendrocoelidae Erpobdellidae Glossiphoniidae Genus/species Polycelis nigra/tenuis Polycelis felina Dendrocoelum lacteum Erpobdella testacea Erpobdella octoculata Helobdella stagnalis Glossiphonia complanata Glossiphonia heteroclita Haementeria costata Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Physa heterostropha Lymnaea peregra Lymnaea truncatula Ancylus fluviatilis Planorbis albus Planorbis vortex Pisidium sp. Zonitoides sp. Succinea sp. Gammarus pulex Gammarus duebeni Asellus aquaticus Asellus meridianus Cordulegaster boltoni Agrion virgo Enallagma cyathigerum Ephemerella ignita Baetis rhodani Cloeon dipterum Cloeon simile Notonecta maculata Velia sp. Hydrometra stagnorum Nepa cinerea Plea leachi Hesperocorixa sahlbergi Cymatia coleoptrata Sigara limitata Sigara stagnalis Sigara nigrolineata Sigara selecta Corixa nymphs Diplectrona felix Hydropsyche siltalai Tinodes waeneri Rhyacophila sp. Rhyacophila dorsalis Rhyacophila septentrionis Plectrocnemia conspersa Agapetus fuscipes Limnephilus lunatus Halesus radiatus Chaetopteryx villosa Potamophylax rotundipennis Sericostoma personata Haliplus lineatocollis Haliplus ruficollis group Gyrinus urinator Gyrinus substriatus Hydroporus palustris Potamonectes depressus-elegans Ilybius fuliginosus Hydroglyphus pusillus Laccophilus minutus Hygrotus inaequalis Anacaena globulus Anacaena bipustulata Helophorus sp. Elmis aenea Limnius volckmari Hydraena testacea Limnebius truncatellus 2505 2 2506 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2507 2502 2503 2 2504 2

Hirudinea

1

1

2

Oligochaeta Mollusca

Hydrobiidae Physidae Lymnaeidae Ancylidae Planorbidae Sphaeriidae Zonitidae Succineidae Gammaridae Asellidae

1 5

2 5 1 2

3

3 1

1

2 1

2

2 1 3 3

1 1 5

1 5

Crustacea

1 1 2 1

2 5 1

2 1 5

1 2 1 2 1 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 2

Insecta

Cordulegasteridae Agriidae Coenagrioniidae Ephemerellidae Baetidae

Notonectidae Veliidae Hydrometridae Nepidae Pleidae Corixidae

2 1 2 2 1 1

Hydropsychidae Psychomyiidae Rhyacophilidae

2 2 2

Polycentropidae Glossosomatidae Limnephilidae

1 2 1

2 2

Sericostomatidae Haliplidae Gyrinidae Dytscidae

3

1

1

2

1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2

Hydrophilidae

Elmidae Hydraenidae Helodidae Syrphidae Tabanidae Tipulidae Ceratopogonidae Dixidae Ptychopteridae Culicidae Simuliidae Chironomidae Psychodidae Lonchopteridae

1

1 2

1

3 1 1 1

2

2

2 3

1 1

2 1

2

2 3 1 89 5.2 17

2 3

1 2

2

2 3

BMWP ASPT Total scoring taxa

68 4.9 14

47 3.9 12

92 5.4 17

44 4.9 9

50 4.2 12

Appendix B3b Grands Vaux 'SSI' Site
Phylum/Class Triclada Family Planariidae Dendrocoelidae Erpobdellidae Glossiphoniidae Genus/species Polycelis nigra/tenuis Polycelis felina Dendrocoelum lacteum Erpobdella testacea Erpobdella octoculata Helobdella stagnalis Glossiphonia complanata Glossiphonia heteroclita Haementeria costata Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Physa heterostropha Lymnaea peregra Lymnaea truncatula Ancylus fluviatilis Planorbis albus Planorbis vortex Pisidium sp. Zonitoides sp. Succinea sp. Gammarus pulex Gammarus duebeni Asellus aquaticus Asellus meridianus Cordulegaster boltoni Agrion virgo Enallagma cyathigerum Ephemerella ignita Baetis rhodani Cloeon dipterum Cloeon simile Notonecta maculata Velia sp. Hydrometra stagnorum Nepa cinerea Plea leachi Hesperocorixa sahlbergi Cymatia coleoptrata Sigara limitata Sigara stagnalis Sigara nigrolineata Sigara selecta Corixa nymphs Diplectrona felix Hydropsyche siltalai Tinodes waeneri Rhyacophila dorsalis Rhyacophila septentrionis Rhyacophila sp. Plectrocnemia conspersa Agapetus fuscipes Limnephilus lunatus Halesus radiatus Chaetopteryx villosa Potamophylax rotundipennis Sericostoma personata Haliplus lineatocollis Haliplus ruficollis group Gyrinus urinator Gyrinus substriatus Hydroporus palustris Hydroporus pubescens Potamonectes depressus-elegans Ilybius fuliginosus Hydroglyphus pusillus Laccophilus minutus Hygrotus inaequalis Agabus sp. Anacaena globulus Anacaena lutescens Helophorus sp. Elmis aenea Limnius volckmari Grand Vaux 'SSI'

Hirudinea

1

Oligochaeta Mollusca

Hydrobiidae Physidae Lymnaeidae Ancylidae Planorbidae Sphaeriidae Zonitidae Succineidae Gammaridae Asellidae

1 1

2

Crustacea

1 4

Insecta

Cordulegasteridae Agriidae Coenagrioniidae Ephemerellidae Baetidae

1 2 1

Notonectidae Veliidae Hydrometridae Nepidae Pleidae Corixidae

1

Hydropsychidae Psychomyiidae Rhyacophilidae

1

1

Polycentropidae (Glossosomatidae) Limnephilidae

Sericostomatidae Haliplidae Gyrinidae Dytscidae

Hydrophilidae

Elmidae Helodidae Syrphidae Tabanidae Tipulidae Ceratopogonidae Dixidae Ptychopteridae Culicidae Simuliidae Chironomidae Psychodidae Lonchopteridae

1

BMWP ASPT Total taxa

60 5.0 12

Appendix B3c Vallée des Vaux 'SSI' Site
Phylum/Class Triclada Family Planariidae Dendrocoelidae Erpobdellidae Glossiphoniidae Genus/species Polycelis nigra/tenuis Polycelis felina Dendrocoelum lacteum Erpobdella testacea Erpobdella octoculata Helobdella stagnalis Glossiphonia complanata Glossiphonia heteroclita Haementeria costata Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Physa heterostropha Lymnaea peregra Lymnaea truncatula Ancylus fluviatilis Planorbis albus Planorbis vortex Pisidium sp. Zonitoides sp. Succinea sp. Gammarus pulex Gammarus duebeni Asellus aquaticus Asellus meridianus Cordulegaster boltoni Agrion virgo Enallagma cyathigerum Ephemerella ignita Baetis rhodani Cloeon dipterum Cloeon simile Notonecta maculata Velia sp. Hydrometra stagnorum Nepa cinerea Plea leachi Hesperocorixa sahlbergi Cymatia coleoptrata Sigara limitata Sigara stagnalis Sigara nigrolineata Sigara selecta Corixa nymphs Diplectrona felix Hydropsyche siltalai Tinodes waeneri Rhyacophila dorsalis Rhyacophila septentrionis Rhyacophila sp. Plectrocnemia conspersa Agapetus fuscipes Limnephilus lunatus Halesus radiatus Chaetopteryx villosa Potamophylax rotundipennis Sericostoma personata Haliplus lineatocollis Haliplus ruficollis group Gyrinus urinator Gyrinus substriatus Hydroporus palustris Hydroporus pubescens Potamonectes depressus-elegans Ilybius fuliginosus Hydroglyphus pusillus Laccophilus minutus Hygrotus inaequalis Agabus sturmii Anacaena globulus Helophorus sp. Elmis aenea Limnius volckmari Hydraena testacea Limnebius truncatellus Vallée des Vaux 'SSI' 2

Hirudinea

2

Oligochaeta Mollusca

Hydrobiidae Physidae Lymnaeidae Ancylidae Planorbidae Sphaeriidae Zonitidae Succineidae Gammaridae Asellidae

1 5

Crustacea

3

Insecta

Cordulegasteridae Agriidae Coenagrioniidae Ephemerellidae Baetidae

1

Notonectidae Veliidae Hydrometridae Nepidae Pleidae Corixidae

Hydropsychidae Psychomyiidae Rhyacophilidae

2

Polycentropidae (Glossosomatidae) Limnephilidae

1 1

Sericostomatidae Haliplidae Gyrinidae Dytscidae

Hydrophilidae Elmidae (Hydraenidae) Helodidae Syrphidae Tabanidae Tipulidae Ceratopogonidae Dixidae Ptychopteridae Culicidae Simuliidae Chironomidae Psychodidae Lonchopteridae

2

2

3

BMWP ASPT Total scoring taxa

47 4.7 10

Appendix B4 Grouville 'SSI' Site
Phylum/Class Triclada Family Planariidae Dendrocoelidae Erpobdellidae Glossiphoniidae Genus/species Polycelis nigra/tenuis Polycelis felina Dendrocoelum lacteum Erpobdella testacea Erpobdella octoculata Helobdella stagnalis Glossiphonia complanata Glossiphonia heteroclita Haementeria costata Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Physa heterostropha Lymnaea peregra Lymnaea truncatula Ancylus fluviatilis Planorbis albus Planorbis vortex Pisidium sp. Zonitoides sp. Succinea sp. Gammarus pulex Gammarus duebeni Asellus aquaticus Asellus meridianus Cordulegaster boltoni Agrion virgo Enallagma cyathigerum Ephemerella ignita Baetis rhodani Cloeon dipterum Cloeon simile Notonecta maculata Velia sp. Hydrometra stagnorum Nepa cinerea Plea leachi Hesperocorixa sahlbergi Cymatia coleoptrata Sigara limitata Sigara stagnalis Sigara nigrolineata Sigara selecta Corixa nymphs Diplectrona felix Hydropsyche siltalai Tinodes waeneri Rhyacophila dorsalis Rhyacophila septentrionis Rhyacophila sp. Plectrocnemia conspersa Agapetus fuscipes Limnephilus lunatus Halesus radiatus Chaetopteryx villosa Potamophylax rotundipennis Sericostoma personata Haliplus lineatocollis Haliplus ruficollis group Gyrinus urinator Gyrinus substriatus Hydroporus palustris Hydroporus pubescens Potamonectes depressus-elegans Ilybius fuliginosus Hydroglyphus pusillus Laccophilus minutus Hygrotus inaequalis Agabus sturmii Anacaena globulus Helophorus sp. Hydrobius fuscipes Elmis aenea Limnius volckmari Hydraena testacea Limnebius truncatellus Grouville 'SSI'

Hirudinea

1

Oligochaeta Mollusca

Hydrobiidae Physidae Lymnaeidae Ancylidae Planorbidae Sphaeriidae Zonitidae Succineidae Gammaridae Asellidae

2

Crustacea

1

Insecta

Cordulegasteridae Agriidae Coenagrioniidae Ephemerellidae Baetidae

Notonectidae Veliidae Hydrometridae Nepidae Pleidae Corixidae

1

Hydropsychidae Psychomyiidae Rhyacophilidae

Polycentropidae (Glossosomatidae) Limnephilidae

Sericostomatidae Haliplidae Gyrinidae Dytscidae

Hydrophilidae

1

Elmidae (Hydraenidae) Helodidae Syrphidae Tabanidae Tipulidae Ceratopogonidae Dixidae Ptychopteridae Culicidae Simuliidae Chironomidae Psychodidae Lonchopteridae

1

BMWP ASPT Total scoring taxa

24 4.0 6

Appendix B5 Longueville catchment
Phylum/Class Triclada Family Planariidae Dendrocoelidae Erpobdellidae Glossiphoniidae Genus/species Polycelis nigra/tenuis Polycelis felina Dendrocoelum lacteum Erpobdella testacea Erpobdella octoculata Helobdella stagnalis Glossiphonia complanata Glossiphonia heteroclita Haementeria costata Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Physa heterostropha Lymnaea peregra Lymnaea truncatula Ancylus fluviatilis Planorbis albus Planorbis vortex Pisidium sp. Zonitoides sp. Succinea sp. Gammarus pulex Gammarus duebeni Asellus aquaticus Asellus meridianus Cordulegaster boltoni Agrion virgo Enallagma cyathigerum Ephemerella ignita Baetis rhodani Cloeon dipterum Cloeon simile Notonecta maculata Velia sp. Hydrometra stagnorum Nepa cinerea Plea leachi Hesperocorixa sahlbergi Sigara limitata Sigara stagnalis Sigara nigrolineata Sigara selecta Corixa nymphs Diplectrona felix Hydropsyche siltalai Tinodes waeneri Rhyacophila dorsalis Rhyacophila septentrionis Rhyacophila sp. Plectrocnemia conspersa Agapetus fuscipes Limnephilus lunatus Halesus radiatus Chaetopteryx villosa Potamophylax rotundipennis Sericostoma personata Haliplus lineatocollis Haliplus ruficollis group Gyrinus urinator Gyrinus substriatus Hydroporus palustris Hydroporus pubescens Potamonectes depressus-elegans Ilybius fuliginosus Hydroglyphus pusillus Agabus sturmii Anacaena globulus Helochares lividus Helophorus sp. Elmis aenea Limnius volckmari Hydraena testacea Limnebius truncatellus L8 L5B 2 1 2 1 L5C L4 L3 L2

Hirudinea

Oligochaeta Mollusca

Hydrobiidae Physidae Lymnaeidae Ancylidae Planorbidae Sphaeriidae Zonitidae Succineidae Gammaridae Asellidae

1

1 2

3

4 3

1 4 1

3 1

1 1 1 5 5

Crustacea

Insecta

Cordulegasteridae Agriidae Coenagrioniidae Ephemerellidae Baetidae

Notonectidae Veliidae Hydrometridae Nepidae Pleidae Corixidae

1

Hydropsychidae Psychomyiidae Rhyacophilidae

Polycentropidae (Glossosomatidae) Limnephilidae

Sericostomatidae Haliplidae Gyrinidae Dytscidae

1 1

Hydrophilidae

Elmidae (Hydraenidae) Helodidae Syrphidae Tabanidae Tipulidae Ceratopogonidae Dixidae Psychomyidae Culicidae Simuliidae Chironomidae Psychodidae Lonchopteridae

1

1

1

3

4

2

5

5

5

BMWP ASPT Total scoring taxa

24 4.8 5

20 3.3 6

31 4.4 7

11 2.8 4

9 2.3 4

11 2.8 4

Appendix B6a La Vallée des Mouriers (not including 'SSI' site)
Phylum/Class Triclada Family Planariidae Dugesiidae Dendrocoelidae Erpobdellidae Glossiphoniidae Genus/species Polycelis nigra/tenuis Polycelis felina Dugesia polychroa Dendrocoelum lacteum Erpobdella testacea Erpobdella octoculata Helobdella stagnalis Glossiphonia complanata Glossiphonia heteroclita Haementeria costata Theromyzon tessulatum Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Physa heterostropha Lymnaea peregra Lymnaea truncatula Ancylus fluviatilis Planorbis albus Planorbis vortex Pisidium sp. Zonitoides sp. Succinea sp. Gammarus pulex Gammarus duebeni Asellus aquaticus Asellus meridianus Cordulegaster boltoni Agrion virgo Enallagma cyathigerum Coenagrion puella Nemoura erratica Ephemerella ignita Baetis rhodani Cloeon dipterum Cloeon simile Notonecta maculata Notonecta glauca Velia sp. Velia caprai Hydrometra stagnorum Nepa cinerea Plea leachi Hesperocorixa sahlbergi Cymatia coleoptrata Sigara limitata Sigara stagnalis Sigara nigrolineata Sigara selecta Sigara distincta Sigara lateralis Sigara dorsalis Corixa nymphs Diplectrona felix Hydropsyche siltalai Plectrocnemia geniculata Wormaldia sp. Tinodes waeneri Tinodes pallidus Rhyacophila dorsalis Rhyacophila septentrionis Rhyacophila sp. Agapetus fuscipes Limnephilus lunatus Limnephilus flavicornis Halesus radiatus Chaetopteryx villosa Potamophylax rotundipennis Sericostoma personata Haliplus lineatocollis Haliplus ruficollis group Gyrinus urinator Gyrinus substriatus Hydroporus palustris Hydroporus pubescens Hydroporus tessellatus Potamonectes depressus-elegans Ilybius fuliginosus Hydroglyphus pusillus Laccophilus minutus Hygrotus inaequalis Agabus sturmii Anacaena globulus Helophorus sp. Elmis aenea Limnius volckmari Hydraena testacea Limnebius truncatellus M1 2 3 M3 2 M4 2 M5 3 M6 4 M7 4 M8 4

Hirudinea

2 2

2 3

1 2

3 3

Oligochaeta Mollusca

Hydrobiidae Physidae Lymnaeidae Ancylidae Planorbidae Sphaeriidae Zonitidae Succineidae Gammaridae Asellidae

5 2 1

3

3 5

3 5 1

1 4

2 5

3 4

2

1

3

2

3

1 1 5 1 2

Crustacea

5 5

5

5

5

Insecta

Cordulegasteridae Agriidae Coenagrioniidae Nemouridae Ephemerellidae Baetidae

2

1 2 1 3 2 2 3 3

Notonectidae Veliidae Hydrometridae Nepidae Pleidae Corixidae

1 1 3 1 1

1 1

Hydropsychidae Polycentropidae Philopotamidae Psychomyiidae Rhyacophilidae

2 2

1 2

2 2 2 1

1 1 2 3

(Glossosomatidae) Lepistomatidae Limnephilidae

1 1

Sericostomatidae Haliplidae Gyrinidae Dytscidae

2

2

2

1

Hydrophilidae Elmidae (Hydraenidae) Helodidae Tabanidae Tipulidae Ceratopogonidae Dixidae Ptychopteridae Culicidae Simuliidae Psychodidae Chironomidae Lonchopteridae

1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1

3

2 2

1

2 2

1 2 2

1

4 4 BMWP ASPT Total scoring taxa 76 4.5 17 1 4 60 5.0 12 4 79 5.3 15

3 5 58 4.5 13 1 2 57 4.4 13

4 5 79 5.3 15 2 34 3.8 9

Appendix B6b Mourier 'SSI' site
Phylum/Class Triclada Family Planariidae Dendrocoelidae Erpobdellidae Glossiphoniidae Genus/species Polycelis nigra/tenuis Polycelis felina Dendrocoelum lacteum Erpobdella testacea Erpobdella octoculata Helobdella stagnalis Glossiphonia complanata Glossiphonia heteroclita Haementeria costata Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Physa heterostropha Lymnaea peregra Lymnaea truncatula Ancylus fluviatilis Planorbis albus Planorbis vortex Pisidium sp. Zonitoides sp. Succinea sp. Gammarus pulex Gammarus duebeni Asellus aquaticus Asellus meridianus Cordulegaster boltoni Agrion virgo Enallagma cyathigerum Ephemerella ignita Baetis rhodani Notonecta maculata Velia sp. Hydrometra stagnorum Nepa cinerea Plea leachi Hesperocorixa sahlbergi Sigara limitata Sigara selecta Corixa nymphs Diplectrona felix Hydropsyche siltalai Tinodes waeneri Rhyacophila dorsalis Rhyacophila septentrionis Rhyacophila sp. Agapetus fuscipes Limnephilus lunatus Halesus radiatus Chaetopteryx villosa Potamophylax rotundipennis Sericostoma personata Haliplus lineatocollis Haliplus ruficollis group Gyrinus urinator Gyrinus substriatus Hydroporus palustris Hydroporus pubescens Potamonectes depressus-elegans Ilybius fuliginosus Anacaena globulus Helophorus sp. Elmis aenea Limnius volckmari Mourier 'SSI' 2

Hirudinea

2

Oligochaeta Mollusca

Hydrobiidae Physidae Lymnaeidae Ancylidae Planorbidae Sphaeriidae Zonitidae Succineidae Gammaridae Asellidae

2 3

2

Crustacea

3

Insecta

Cordulegasteridae Agriidae Coenagrioniidae Ephemerellidae Baetidae Notonectidae Veliidae Hydrometridae Nepidae Pleidae Corixidae

2 1

Hydropsychidae Psychomyiidae Rhyacophilidae

1

(Glossosomatidae) Limnephilidae

1 1

Sericostomatidae Haliplidae Gyrinidae Dytscidae

Hydrophilidae Elmidae Helodidae Tabanidae Tipulidae Ceratopogonidae Dixidae Ptychopteridae Culicidae Simuliidae Psychodidae Chironomidae Lonchopteridae

1 1 2 1

1 1

2 BMWP ASPT Total scoring taxa 59 4.5 13

Appendix B7 St. Peters Valley
Phylum/Class Triclada Family Planariidae Dendrocoelidae Erpobdellidae Glossiphoniidae Genus/species Polycelis nigra/tenuis Polycelis felina Dendrocoelum lacteum Erpobdella testacea Erpobdella octoculata Helobdella stagnalis Glossiphonia complanata Glossiphonia heteroclita Haementeria costata Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Physa heterostropha Lymnaea peregra Lymnaea truncatula Ancylus fluviatilis Planorbis albus Planorbis vortex Pisidium sp. Zonitoides sp. Succinea sp. Gammarus pulex Gammarus duebeni Asellus aquaticus Asellus meridianus Cordulegaster boltoni Agrion virgo Enallagma cyathigerum Ephemerella ignita Baetis rhodani Cloeon dipterum Cloeon simile Notonecta maculata Velia sp. Hydrometra stagnorum Nepa cinerea Plea leachi Hesperocorixa sahlbergi Cymatia coleoptrata Sigara limitata Sigara stagnalis Sigara nigrolineata Sigara selecta Corixa nymphs Diplectrona felix Hydropsyche siltalai Tinodes waeneri Rhyacophila dorsalis Rhyacophila septentrionis Rhyacophila sp. Plectrocnemia conspersa Agapetus fuscipes Limnephilus lunatus Halesus radiatus Chaetopteryx villosa Potamophylax rotundipennis Sericostoma personata Haliplus lineatocollis Haliplus ruficollis group Gyrinus urinator T. M 1 P1 3 P9 3 P9 A P8 A 2 P7 2 P7 A 3 P5 P5 A 3 P4 1 P4 A P3 1 P2 2 P1 2

Hirudinea

2 2

1

1

1 1

1

2 2

3

3 1

2

3

Oligochaeta Mollusca

Hydrobiidae Physidae Lymnaeidae Ancylidae Planorbidae Sphaeriidae Zonitidae Succineidae Gammaridae Asellidae

2 2

4

4

3 5

1 3

1

1

1 2

1 3

1 2

2 2

2 2 2

1

3

1 2 1 1

1 1 3 1 1 4 1 4 2 3 1 3 1 3 2 3 3

1

1 1

Crustacea

5 2 1

Insecta

Cordulegasteridae Agriidae Coenagrioniidae Ephemerellidae Baetidae

1

2 3

1 1

2

2 2

1 1

2 2

Notonectidae Veliidae Hydrometridae Nepidae Pleidae Corixidae

1 1

1

1 1 1

2

Hydropsychidae Psychomyidae Rhyacophilidae

1 1 1

1 2

Polycentropidae (Glossosomatidae) Limnephilidae

Sericostomatidae Haliplidae Gyrinidae

Dytscidae

Hydrophilidae Elmidae (Hydraenidae) Helodidae Syrphidae Tabanidae Tipulidae Ceratopogonidae Dixidae Ptychopteridae Culicidae Simuliidae Chironomidae Psychodidae Lonchopteridae

Gyrinus substriatus Hydroporus palustris Hydroporus pubescens Potamonectes depressus-elegans Ilybius fuliginosus Hydroglyphus pusillus Laccophilus minutus Hygrotus inaequalis Anacaena globulus Helophorus sp. Elmis aenea Limnius volckmari 1 Hydraena testacea Limnebius truncatellus 1

1 1

1 1

2 2 1

2 1

1

1

1 3 2 1 BMWP ASPT Total scoring taxa 58 4.1 14 3 3 1 14 4. 7 3 26 3.7 7 50 4.6 11 41 5. 1 8 25 5. 0 5

2 2

1

2 3

4

29 4. 1 7

37 4. 6 8

42 4. 7 9

29 4. 1 7

59 3.9 15

24 4.8 5

20 2. 9 7

Appendix B8 Rozel (SSI & R4 sampled 4/9/96)
Phylum/Class Triclada Family Planariidae Dendrocoelidae Erpobdellidae Glossiphoniidae Genus/species Polycelis nigra/tenuis Polycelis felina Dendrocoelum lacteum Erpobdella testacea Erpobdella octoculata Helobdella stagnalis Glossiphonia complanata Glossiphonia heteroclita Haementeria costata Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Physa heterostropha Lymnaea peregra Lymnaea truncatula Ancylus fluviatilis Planorbis albus Planorbis vortex Pisidium sp. Zonitoides Succinea sp. Gammarus pulex Gammarus duebeni Asellus aquaticus Asellus meridianus Cordulegaster boltoni Agrion virgo Enallagma cyathigerum Ephemerella ignita Baetis rhodani Cloeon dipterum Cloeon simile Notonecta maculata Velia sp. Hydrometra stagnorum Nepa cinerea Plea leachi Hesperocorixa sahlbergi Cymatia coleoptrata Sigara limitata Sigara stagnalis Sigara nigrolineata Sigara selecta Corixa nymphs Diplectrona felix Hydropsyche siltalai Tinodes waeneri Rhyacophila dorsalis Rhyacophila septentrionis Rhyacophila sp. Agapetus fuscipes Limnephilus lunatus Halesus radiatus Chaetopteryx villosa Potamophylax rotundipennis Sericostoma personata Haliplus lineatocollis Haliplus ruficollis group Gyrinus urinator Gyrinus substriatus Hydroporus palustris Hydroporus pubescens Hydroporus tesselatus Potamonectes depressus-elegans Ilybius fuliginosus Hydroglyphus pusillus Laccophilus minutus Hygrotus inaequalis Anacaena globulus Anacaena lutescens Helophorus sp. Elmis aenea Limnius volckmari Hydraena testacea Limnebius truncatellus R5 R4 R3 1 R2 + SSI' 2 R1

Hirudinea

+

2 1 1

1

Oligochaeta Mollusca

1 Hydrobiidae Physidae Lymnaeidae Ancylidae Planorbidae Sphaeriidae Zonitidae Succineidae Gammaridae Asellidae

2 2

1

+ +

2 3

1

1

1 1 1 1 + 3 2 1 1 2

Crustacea

2 2

Insecta

Cordulegasteridae Agrioniidae Coenagrioniidae Ephemerellidae Baetidae

Notonectidae Veliidae Hydrometridae Nepidae Pleidae Corixidae

1 1

1

1 3

Hydropsychidae Psychomyidae Rhyacophilidae

1

1 2

+ +

2

(Glossosomatidae) Limnephilidae

2

+

1

1 3 + + 2 1 2 1

Sericostomatidae Haliplidae Gyrinidae Dytscidae

+ 2

Hydrophilidae

Elmidae (Hydraenidae) Helodidae Syrphidae Tabanidae Tipulidae Ceratopogonidae Dixidae Ptychopteridae Culicidae Simuliidae Chironomidae Psychodidae Lonchopteridae

1 1

1

1

1

2 1 1 1 2 3

1

BMWP ASPT Total scoring taxa

6 3 2

65 5.0 13

12 4.0 3

52 5.2 10

63 4.2 15

40 4.4 9

Appendix B9 Water Works Valley
Phylum/Class Triclada Family Planariidae Dendrocoelidae Erpobdellidae Glossiphoniidae Genus/species Polycelis nigra/tenuis Polycelis felina Dendrocoelum lacteum Erpobdella testacea Erpobdella octoculata Helobdella stagnalis Glossiphonia complanata Glossiphonia heteroclita Haementeria costata Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Physa heterostropha Lymnaea peregra Lymnaea truncatula Ancylus fluviatilis Planorbis albus Planorbis vortex Pisidium sp. Zonitoides sp. Succinea sp. Gammarus pulex Gammarus duebeni Asellus aquaticus Asellus meridianus Cordulegaster boltoni Agrion virgo Enallagma cyathigerum Ephmerella ignita Baetis rhodani Cloeon dipterum Cloeon simile Notonecta maculata Velia sp. Hydrometra stagnorum Nepa cinerea Plea leachi Hesperocorixa sahlbergi Cymatia coleoptrata Sigara limitata Sigara stagnalis Sigara nigrolineata Sigara selecta Corixa nymphs Diplectrona felix Hydropsyche siltalai Tinodes waeneri Rhyacophila sp. Rhyacophila dorsalis Rhyacophila septentrionis Plectrocnemia conspersa Agapetus fuscipes Limnephilus lunatus Halesus radiatus Chaetopteryx villosa Potamophylax rotundipennis Sericostoma personata Haliplus lineatocollis Haliplus ruficollis group Gyrinus urinator Gyrinus substriatus Hydroporus palustris Hydroporus pubescens Potamonectes depressuselegans Ilybius fuliginosus Hydroglyphus pusillus Laccophilus minutus Hygrotus inaequalis Agabus sturmii Anacaena globulus Helophorus sp. Elmis aenea Limnius volckmari Hydraena testacea Limnebius truncatellus W4 3 1 1 3 1 2 1 2 2 2 W3 W2 1 1 W1 2 2 Millbrook 2

Hirudinea

Oligochaeta Mollusca

2 Hydrobiidae Physidae Lymnaeidae Ancylidae Planorbidae Sphaeriidae Zonitidae Succineidae Gammaridae Asellidae

3

2

2 2

1 2 2 2 3 1

1 1 2

Crustacea

5

3 1 2 1

1 4

1 2 2

2

Insecta

Cordulegasteridae Agriidae Coenagrioniidae Ephemerellidae Baetidae

1

1 1 2 1

Notonectidae Veliidae Hydrometridae Nepidae Pleidae Corixidae

1

1

1

Hydropsychidae Psychomyidae Rhyacophilidae

1 1 1

Polycentropidae (Glossosomatidae) Limnephilidae

1 1

Sericostomatidae Haliplidae Gyrinidae Dytscidae

2

1 1

Hydrophilidae Elmidae (Hydraenidae) Helodidae Syrphidae Tabanidae Tipulidae Ceratopogonidae Dixidae Ptychopteridae Culicidae Simuliidae Chironomidae Psychodidae Lonchopteridae

1

1 2 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

2 3 3 2 2 3 2 3

BMWP ASPT Total scoring taxa

24 3.4 7

31 3.9 8

60 4.6 13

98 4.9 20

56 3.7 15

Appendix B10 Les Pres D'Auvergne 'SSI'
Phylum/Class Triclada Family Planariidae Dugesiidae Dendrocoelidae Erpobdellidae Glossiphoniidae Genus/species Polycelis nigra/tenuis Polycelis felina Dugesia polychroa Dendrocoelum lacteum Erpobdella testacea Erpobdella octoculata Helobdella stagnalis Glossiphonia complanata Glossiphonia heteroclita Haementeria costata Theromyzon tessulatum Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Physa heterostropha Lymnaea peregra Lymnaea truncatula Ancylus fluviatilis Planorbis albus Planorbis vortex Pisidium sp. Zonitoides sp. Succinea sp. Gammarus pulex Gammarus duebeni Asellus aquaticus Asellus meridianus Cordulegaster aff boltoni Agrion virgo Enallagma cyathigerum Nemoura erratica Ephemerella ignita Baetis rhodani Cloeon dipterum Cloeon simile Notonecta maculata Notonecta glauca Velia sp. Velia caprai Hydrometra stagnorum Nepa cinerea Plea leachi Hesperocorixa sahlbergi Cymatia coleoptrata Sigara limitata Sigara stagnalis Sigara nigrolineata Sigara selecta Sigara distincta Sigara lateralis Sigara dorsalis Corixa nymphs Diplectrona felix Hydropsyche siltalai Plectrocnemia geniculata Wormaldia sp. Tinodes waeneri Tinodes pallidus Rhyacophila dorsalis Rhyacophila septentrionis Rhyacophila sp. Agapetus fuscipes Limnephilus lunatus Limnephilus flavicornis Halesus radiatus Chaetopteryx villosa Potamophylax rotundipennis Sericostoma personata Haliplus lineatocollis Haliplus ruficollis group Gyrinus urinator Gyrinus substriatus Hydroporus palustris Hydroporus pubescens Hydroporus tessellatus Potamonectes depressus-elegans Ilybius fuliginosus Hydroglyphus pusillus Laccophilus minutus Hygrotus inaequalis Agabus sturmii Agabus sp. Anacaena globulus Anacaena lutescens Helophorus sp. Elmis aenea Limnius volckmari Hydraena testacea Limnebius truncatellus Les Pres D' Augvergne 2 3 2

Hirudinea

3 3

Oligochaeta Mollusca

Hydrobiidae Physidae Lymnaeidae Ancylidae Planorbidae Sphaeriidae Zonitidae Succineidae Gammaridae Asellidae

2 5

3

2 2 5 4

Crustacea

Acari Insecta

Cordulegasteridae Agrioniidae Coenagrioniidae Nemouridae Ephemerellidae Baetidae

1

1

Notonectidae Veliidae Hydrometridae Nepidae Pleidae Corixidae

1

1 1 1

Hydropsychidae Polycentropidae Philopotamidae Psychomyiidae Insecta Rhyacophilidae

(Glossosomatidae) Lepistomatidae Limnephilidae

Sericostomatidae Haliplidae Gyrinidae Dytscidae

2 1

Hydrophilidae

Elmidae (Hydraenidae) Helodidae Tabanidae Tipulidae Ceratopogonidae Dixidae Ptychopteridae Culicidae Simuliidae Psychodidae Chironomidae Lonchopteridae

2

2 5 BMWP ASPT Total scoring taxa 84 4.4 19

Appendix C. Spearman rank correlations of DECORANA axes 1-4 with environmental variables

Axis 1 Width n/s Water depth n/s Silt depth p<0.01 % boulders n/s % cobbles p<0.01 % gravel p<0.05 % silt p<0.01 Altitude n/s Distance n/s from source pH n/s Conductivity n/s Dissolved p<0.05 oxygen Calcium ions n/s Carbonate hardness p<0.01 Total hardness n/s % shade n/s Surface flow p<0.05

Axis 2 n/s p<0.05 n/s p<0/05 p<0.05 p<0.05 n/s n/s p<0.05 n/s n/s n/s n/s p<0.05 n/s n/s n/s

Axis 3 n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s

Axis 4 n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s

Appendix D. Comparison of macroinvertebrate taxa with previous studies
Bratton (1983) PLATYHELMINTHES Dendrocoelum lacteum Dugesia polychroa Polycelis felina P. nigra/tenuis ANNELIDA Erpobdella octoculata E. testacea Glossiphonia complanata G. heteroclita Helobdella stagnalis Haementaria costata Theromyzon tessulatum Naid species Stylaria lacustris Tubifex sp. Lumbriculus variegans Eiseniella tetraeda Oligochaete species MOLLUSCA Ancylus fluviatilis Lymnaea peregra L. truncatulata L. glabra Planorbis vortex P. albus P. leucostoma Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Physa heterostropha Pisidium sp. Valvatidae Succinea sp. Zonitoides sp. CRUSTACEA Asellus aquaticus A. meridianus Gammarus pulex G. duebeni INSECTA Odonata Agrion virgo Cordulegaster boltonii Ischnura elegans Enallagma cyathigerum Coenagrion puella Ephemeroptera Baetis rhodani Cloeon dipterum C. simile Ephemerella ignita Plecoptera Nemoura erratica Hemiptera Notonecta glauca N. maculata Plea leachi Velia sp. Hydrometra stagnorum Nepa cinerea Cymatia coleoptrata Hesperocorixa sahlbergi Sigara limitata Sigara stagnalis Sigara nigrolineata Sigara selecta + + + + + + + + Norman (1990) Moss (1996) This study

+

+ + + + Erpobdellidae Glossiphoniidae + + + + + + + (+) (+) (+) (+) (+) Oligochaeta + + + Planorbiidae + + + + + + + + Asellidae Gammaridae + + + +

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + +

Oligochaeta

+ +

+ +

Hydrobiidae

+ + + + + + + + +

+ + +

+ + + +

+ + +

Baetidae

+ + + + +

Notonecta sp.

+

+ + + Corixinae

Nepidae Corixidae

+ + + + + + + + + + + +

Appendix D. continued
Sigara distincta Sigara lateralis Sigara dorsalis Corixa sp. Trichoptera Diplectrona felix Hydropsyche siltalai Plectrocnemia conspersa P. geniculata Agapetus fuscipes Wormaldia sp. Rhyacophila dorsalis R. septentrionis Limnephilus lunatus L. flavicornis Halesus radiatus Chaetopteryx villosa Potamophylax rotundipennis Leptoceridae Sericostoma personata Tinodes waeneri T. pallidus Coleoptera Haliplus lineatocollis H. ruficollis group Gyrinus urinator G. substriatus Hydroporus palustris H. pubescens H. tesselatus Potamonectes depressus-elegans Agabus bipustulatus A. sturmii Ilybius fuliginosus Hydroglyphus pusillus Laccophilus minutus Hygrotus inaequalis Hyphydrus ovatus Anacaena globulus A. lutescens Hydrobius fuscipes Helophorus sp. Elmis aenea Limnius volckmari Helodidae Hydraena testacea Limnebius truncatellus Diptera Ceratopogonidae Chaoboridae Chironomidae Culicidae Dixidae Simuliidae Tabanidae Tipulidae Ptychopteridae Psychodidae Lonchopteridae Total taxa (+) = only recorded to Class in this study + + + + Hydropsychidae Hydropsyche Polycentropidae Glossomatidae Rhyacophila sp. Limnephilidae Rhyacophilidae + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 101

+

Sericostomatidae Psychomyidae

Gyrinus sp. Dytiscidae

+ Hydrophilidae

+ +

+ + + +

Elminthidae

+ + + + + +

+ +

+

19

51

18

Appendix E. Site descriptions
Catchment: Bellozanne Valley Site: 2406 (grid-ref. 64235302) Date sampled: 27.08.96

This site lies within the grounds of St Germains, forming the south easterly boundary of the land. To the north the stream is surrounded by mown grassland, to the south it is shaded by a tall hawthorn hedge, beyond which is agricultural land. The stream contains both shaded and unshaded areas, approximately 40% of the stream is covered by Apium nodiflorum. The stream bed was dominated by gravels and silt, the underlying geology was Late Precambrian Volcanic Group overlain by Quaternary alluvium. The immediate source of the stream were two piped inflows (one major, the other minor), a further pipe enters the stream from the east in the hawthorn shaded area, which was dry at the time of sampling. Permission for sampling may be obtained from the owner of St. Germains. Catchment: Bellozanne Valley Site: 2404A (grid-ref. 64015204) Date sampled: 04.09.96

This stream flows through rough pasture (one horse seen grazing) before it passes under a minor road to the south (10 cars passed in 5 hours). The stream is mostly shaded by willow and oak. No aquatic macrophytes were found in the stream bed. The stream bed contains approximately equal quantities of cobbles, gravels and silt. The underlying geology was Jersey Shale formation overlain by Quaternary alluvium. Catchment: Bellozanne Valley Site: 2404B (grid-ref. 64025204) Date sampled: 27.08.96

This site lies across the road, north of the above. It is a meadow grazed by geese, ducks and horses. Rabbits and guinea pigs were also kept at this site. The site is a 'green zone' i.e. cannot be developed. The present management has been undertaken for the last three years, prior to which it was ungrazed. The stream is unshaded, with approximately 20m of grazed pasture on either bank, beyond which lie trees and a shale bank carrying a minor road to the north. Few aquatic macrophytes lie within the stream bed, which is dominated by silt (55%). The underlying geology was Jersey Shale formation overlain by Quaternary alluvium. Three pipes enter the stream; two by the bridge, one by the stables which have intermittent flow, draining rainfall from the shale bank on the northerly side (dry at time of sampling). It was noticed that approximately 65% of the Gammarus carried parasites. Catchment: Bellozanne Valley Site: 2403 (grid-ref. 64055137) Date sampled: 26.08.96

This stream lies at the lowest point of a gentle valley managed as a hay meadow. The stream is unshaded with Apium nodiflorum as the most abundant aquatic macrophyte (20% cover). The substrate is dominated by silt (50% cover), but also contains gravels and cobbles. The underlying geology was Jersey Shale formation overlain by Quaternary alluvium. The site is owned by National Trust for Jersey, but has public access and is used primarily by local dog-walkers (two dogs seen in 4 hours). Part of the meadow is uncut, containing flowering thistles for nectar sources. Catchment: Bellozanne Valley Site: 2402 (grid-ref. 63915137) Date sampled: 26.08.96

The stream bordered a hay meadow (2403) to the north and to the south lay oak/birch woodland (on a steep slope), which provided almost complete shade to the stream (98% cover). Few plants occurred in the stream bed, the substrate consisted primarily of silt (95% cover). The underlying geology was Jersey Shale formation overlain by Quaternary alluvium. During rainfall, the wooded slope is expected to contribute more run off than the hay meadow; there is evidence that this stream may flood (stepping stones downstream). Catchment: Les Vaux de Lecq Site: 2200 (grid-ref 58335545) Date sampled: 22.08.96 Note: Stream totally dry at this point.

Catchment: Les Vaux de Lecq Site: 2201 (grid-ref 583552) Date sampled: 22.08.96 Note: Stream culverted at this point. Catchment: Les Vaux de Lecq Note: Stream totally dry Site: 2201a (grid-ref 58405519) Date sampled: 22.08.96

NB: Sites 2200, 2201 and 2201a examined before and after 22.08.96 and were found to be dry, even after several periods of heavy rain. Catchment: Les Vaux de Lecq Site: 2202 (grid-ref 58445502) Date sampled: 22.08.96

A meandering woodland trickle (1l/8.4 seconds) that joined the main Vaux de Lecq stream via a culvert approximately 40m downstream. The stream was situated in a deeply cut channel, surrounded by mature sycamore, Acer pseudoplatanus/sweet chestnut, Castanea sativa , woodland that sloped down to pasture a few metres downstream of the bottom of the site. Trees provided 100% shade, whilst the bankside vegetation is mainly covered in ivy, Hedera helix with a few other herbs and ferns interspersed. Gravel (50%) and boulders (30%) form the majority of the stream bed, based on granite overlain by alluvium and head. The upper portion of the site had copious leaf-litter within the stream. Catchment: Les Vaux de Lecq Site: 2203 (grid-ref 58735490) Date sampled: 22.08.96

The stream, at this point, was crossed by a well-trodden path, resulting in much of the surrounding area comprising of trodden earth/mud. The surrounding area was woodland composed of sycamore, oak and alder trees. These imparted, together with some fringing vegetation, about 60% shade. The stream was crossed by several felled tree trunks and at one point by a boulder dam which interrupted the whole flow width. The stream channel is widened at this point, resulting in shallow flow and the presence of both riffles and fast runs. Underlying geology was granite, overlain by alluvium and head, and the stream substrate is composed of gravel (55%), silt (25%) and boulders (15%). Aquatic vegetation is present in several beds of fools' watercress, Apium nodiflorum . Scattered water-mint, Mentha aquatica, and bistort, Polygonum, are also present. Bankside vegetation was scarce, evidence pointed to considerable pressure from walkers preventing plant growth. Where stands were present, nettles, Urtica dioica and bracken, Pteridium aquilinum predominated, with other herbs growing in small quantities. Notes: One elver, Anguilla anguilla was taken in the net sample. Catchment: Les Vaux de Lecq Site: 2204 (grid-ref 59205472) Date sampled: 22.08.96

This site is situated below the confluence of two streams and includes the confluence of another stream 4m down it's length. The main stream had already been impounded in a trout pond further up the valley (see site 2205). The tributary originating from the east had also issued from an impoundment; a garden pond 100m upstream and on the eastern side of the nearby road (under which it flowed as a culvert). Flow, at the time of sampling, was strong, and still clear. The land around the site was rough pasture, terminating in a road a few metres to the east, and a steeply rising woodland 50m to the west. The vegetation in and around the stream is very heterogeneous. For much of its length the stream is bordered by coarse, rank grasses (30%) and small sycamore, Acer pseudoplatanus, trees (30%). Nettles, Urtica dioica , and mixed herbage comprised the rest of the bordering/fringing vegetation, producing a total of 40% shade. The sampling was carried out after (and during) heavy rainfall. The consequent rise in water level resulted in 15% of the flow covering mixed grass and herbage. Grass grew in the marshy patch surrounding the confluence of the second tributary stream, and this was also covered by water. The rest of the aquatic vegetation was made up of brooklime, Veronica beccabunga (10%), fools' watercress, Apium nodiflorum (15%), bittercress, Cardamine amara (10%), common water-starwort, Callitriche stagnalis (5%) and water pepper, Polygonum hydropiper (2%). The

underlying geology was granite overlain by alluvium and head. The substrate was mainly composed of gravel (70%). Catchment: Les Vaux de Lecq Site: 2205 (grid-ref 59705460) Date sampled: 23.08.96

Situated in a field in the village of Le Rondin, flowing west, at time of sampling the level of the stream was well above normal because of heavy rain the day and night before. The field within which the sample site was located is rough, marsh pasture with a wide range of plant species (22 noted). To the north, beyond the field edge lies the main road. To the east the stream issued from a culvert through which it flows under a minor road. To the west the stream flowed into an impounded pond which contained (according to locals) trout. To the south lay more fields and a portion of the village. The stream was shaded only by mixed overhanging vegetation, some patches of bracken, Pteridium, bistort, Polygonum amphibium and fools' watercress Apium nodiflorum (total 40%). Aquatic vegetation was largely composed of Apium (30%), Polygonum and recently-submerged grasses and covered 70% of the stream bed. The stream bed itself was difficult to characterise because of coloured water, but appeared to consist largely of gravel (80%). The flow was rapid and turbulent. Catchment: Les Vaux de Lecq Site: 2206 (grid-ref 60105480) Date sampled: 23.08.96

The stream at this site formed the end of a detached garden (i.e. unconnected to the house to which it belonged) in the village of Les Marais. In spite of house to house enquiries, the owners of this garden were neither identified nor located and sampling was carried out in their absence. At this point it formed (at time of sampling) a stagnant waterbody which was very turbid. It runs east/west and is bordered to the south by a steep bank that is topped by several sycamore trees and forms the edge of a field. To the north lies the garden which, due to raised water levels, grades into waterlogged grass and marsh before becoming the stream proper. To the east the stream bordered other gardens, to the west it was culverted under a wall and road. Shade was 95%, the result of the banktop sycamores and three small elder trees in the garden itself. Overhanging vegetation on the north bank was composed of Urtica (80%) and grasses. On the south bank, the stream was overhung by stands of Pteridium. Navelwort, Umbilicus rupestris was present, scattered on the (largely bare) steep bank. Aquatic vegetation was composed of submerged grasses and, at the western end of the site, scattered lesser duckweed Lemna minor. The underlying geology was granite overlain by alluvium and head. At time of sampling the substrate, although not open to direct observation, appeared to be composed of organicallyenriched mud. Catchment: Les Vaux de Lecq Site: 2207 (grid-ref 60355488) Date sampled: 23.08.96

The sample site was set amidst willow carr/swamp. At time of sampling the stream was low, filling scarcely 50% of it's channel which was crossed by several fallen tree trunks. To the north (15m) the carr was delimited by the road, to the south by a small field/holding. The western end of the site was marked by a track, under which the stream was culverted. To the east, the carr-type vegetation continued. Trees (willows, Salix sp. + 1 oak, Quercus, and 1 elder, Sambucus nigra) dominated the site, providing almost 100% shade. Bankside vegetation was largely composed of brambles, Rubus, and nettles, Urtica. The underlying geology of this site was granite overlain by alluvium and mud. The stream bed was composed of organic silt/mud with a few patches of fine gravel. There were no aquatic macrophytes at this site.

Catchment: Les Grands Vaux

Site: 2502 (grid-ref. 66625140) Date sampled: 06.09.96

This site was sampled below a 'V notch' weir, beyond the junction with the dry channel. The stream is bordered by woodland on both sides, to the west of the woodland lies a gravel track approx. 7m wide. The site is heavily shaded (dominated by alder and sycamore), to the extent that there were no aquatic macrophytes within the channel and 15% of the bank area is covered by leaf litter. The stream bed is largely composed of gravel and cobbles, reflecting the considerable surface flow (0.33m/s). The underlying geology was Late Precambrian Volcanic Group. One 7.5cm diameter pipe emerges from the east bank, without any discharge at the time of sampling. The stream lies within land owned by the Jersey New Water Works Company (JNWWC) and access can be gained by telephoning Terry Humphries (34351). Catchment: Les Grands Vaux Site: 2503 (grid-ref. 66615209) Date sampled: 06.09.96

The stream lies within a grazed meadow, with a road passing north east of the site. The site is unshaded, and has a dense macrophyte cover dominated by Apium nodiflorum (80% cover). The stream bed is largely composed of gravels with cobbles, with a surface flow of 0.2m/s. The underlying geology is Late Precambrian Volcanic Group. The meadow lies below road level, and there is a drain at the base of the road bridge which would permit run off. Catchment: Grands Vaux Site GV (Grid-Ref 616518) Date sampled: 01.08.96

The stream at this site flows south through grazed and managed pasture with a wetland above and a minor road crossing the stream to the south. The in-stream vegetation provides shade (90%) and macrophytes include Oeananthe crosata (Hemlock water dropwort), Stachys palustris (Marsh woundwort 10%). The stream is dominated by silt (50-90%) with pebbles (0-40%) and cobbles (0-10%). It is classified as a Site of Scientific Interest (SSI). This site recieves a groundwater input to the channel from a JNWWC borehole to maintain flow during dry conditions. Catchment: Vallée des Vaux Site: 2505 (grid-ref. 65604978) Date sampled: 03.09.96

This is the most southerly site of the catchment, at the back of Safeways car park. The stream is mostly canalized, to the south lies a 1m high concrete wall which limits runoff from the car park. The north side of the stream is partially bordered by a steep bank, with a garden atop it containing a chicken coupe. The other half of the stream is bordered by a 2.5m wall. The stream is 30% shaded by sycamore, the dominant macrophytes were Cladophora (25%), with Callitriche stagnalis and Apium nodiflorum. The stream bed contained mostly silt (50%) and gravels (48%). Five outflow pipes emerged from half way up the wall, all of which were dry at the time of sampling. Catchment: Vallée des Vaux Site: 2504 (grid-ref. 65665398) Date sampled: 02.09.96

This is the top site sampled within the catchment. The stream passes through a ruderal dominated meadow, under a road (B51) and then to the Aubrevoir public. The stream bed contained 100% cover of Apium nodiflorum which made sampling challenging. The substrate of the stream bed was dominated by 40% silt, with cobbles and gravels (estimated by touch). No inflow pipes were found, but the stream was situated about 1m below road level, therefore discharge of road run off into the stream would be expected. The underlying geology was Late Precambrian Volcanic Group overlain by Quaternary alluvium.

Catchment: Vallée des Vaux

Site: 2506 (grid-ref. 65045106) Date sampled: 03.09.96

This site is by the Harvest Barn Public House. To the east of the stream lies the pub car park, to the west lies a road. The southern end of the sampled stretch passes under a road. The stream is slightly shaded by a hazel (40% cover) and contains about 20% cover of aquatic macrophytes. The substrate consists of cobbles (30%), gravels (35%) and silt (35%), the surface flow is 0.33m/s. The stream is channelized by a wall of stone blocks. The underlying geology was Late Precambrian Volcanic Group. Run off from the car park is limited by a 7.5cm high kerb and from the road by a 1m high grassy bank. However, one pipe emerges into the stream by the bridge, which would carry road run off. Catchment: Vallée des Vaux Site: 2507 (grid-ref. 65395195) Date sampled: 03.09.96

This site is a grazed meadow opposite the house Beau Desert. The southern end of the stream passes under a road, the edge of the stream is poached. The stream was unshaded, but with minimal aquatic macrophytes; dominated by Myosotis scorpionoides. The stream bed was dominated by silt (98% cover) which was deeper than 1m. Upstream (north) of the sampling stretch were two reservoirs. The outflow from the eastern most reservoir feeds into the stream and is a major contribution to its flow. It is possible that this stream floods periodically as Juncus effusus is common away from the immediate stream bank. The underlying geology was Late Precambrian Volcanic Group overlain by Quaternary alluvium. Catchment: Vallée des Vaux Site VV (Grid-Ref 652506) Date sampled: 01.08.96 This site is located between 2506 and 2507. It is bordered on its west side by a steep slope of National Trust Woodland and to the east by cropped grassland and banks. The stream is shaded by Oak (Quercus), Ash (Acer) and Hazel (Coryllus avellana) on the west bank with Urtica dioica (nettle) 50% being present on the east bank. The stream bed is composed of cobbles (50%), gravel (0-50%) and silt (0-30%). The stream probably receives road runoff. The site is classified as an SSI. Catchment: Longueville Site: L0 (grid-ref. 65884760) Date sampled: 31.08.96

This is the most southerly site of the catchment and is totally conduited, as the stream enters the sea. Some outflow was visible between the granitic rocks of the conduit, this was sampled. The water was saline (conductivity off scale) and no further water chemistry was undertaken. No invertebrate or macrophyte sampling was possible. This site is included for completeness. Catchment: Longueville Site L2 (Grid-Ref 66614770) Date sampled: 30.07.96

This trapezoidal shaped channelised section of the stream flows through a cow grazed pasture with residential back gardens located to the west and a minor road to the south. The stream banks and bed are lined by concrete and it is culvetted below the road. Silt (100%) covers the stream bed. It is unshaded by vegetation and there is a 5% cover of Cladophora. These factors influence the high water temperature 22oC recorded at 1500 hours and dissolved oxygen 200% saturation and pH 9.6. Permission for sampling may be obtained from the farmer.

Catchment: Longueville

Site L3 (Grid-Ref 67014304)

Date sampled: 30.07.96

This trapezoidal shaped channelised section of the Baudrette Brook passes through cow grazed pasture to the east. The confluence of a tributary (Site L4) is situated to the south below the section sampled. The stream is crossed by a footbridge and access road to the farm below the site. A road with high traffic density is located 10m to the west of the confluence. The substrate is silt (100%) and there was dense cover of Cladophora (75%) in the stream bed. Polyganum persicora (Redshank) and Scirpus maritimus (Seaclub-rush) were also present. The farmer was abstracting water to a tanker below the bridge for his cows. He was very concerned about the water quality and should perhaps be advised to abstract above the confluence in future. Permission for access to L3 may be obtained from the farmer. Catchment: Longueville Site L4 (Grid-Ref 67014805) Date sampled: 30.07.96

A tributary of the Baudrette Brook, this trapezoidal shaped channelised section is located below a culvert with a busy road immediately to the west and surrounding land features as described for L3. The tributary is unshaded and Agrostis stolonifera (6%), Rorippa nasturtiun-aquaticum (10%) and Cladophora (3%) are present in the stream. The substrate is silt (100%). The underlying geology is Pleistocene/recent alluvium/peat. There was no flow at the time of sampling suggesting that intermittent runoff is the major discharge component. Permission for sampling may be obtained from the farmer as for L2 and L3. Catchment: Longueville Site L5C (Grid-Ref 67434818) Date sampled: 07.08.96

This site was selected as an alternative to L5A which was dry at the time of sampling. The sampled section of the stream is located in cow grazed pasture and joins the Baudrette Brook 50m to the south. An industrial estate is located 20m to the west. The macrophytes present include Polyganum persicora (25%). The banks and substrate (silt 100%) showed signs of churning by cows. The conductivity recorded (1150µs) is high and may be influenced by discharges from the industrial estate. Permission for sampling may be obtained from the same farmer as for L2, 3 and 4. Catchment: Longueville Site L5B (Grid-Ref 67525008) Date sampled: 31.07.96

The stream discharges from the wetland above the sampling site. It receives a tributary from the north at the top of the site. It flows through cow grazed pasture which is bordered by a road to the north and a lane leading to a farm to the east. The in-stream vegetation provides 70% shade and is dominated by Rorippa nasturtiun-aquaticum (65%). The substrate composition is silt (70-100%) and pebbles (0-30%). Permission for the sampling may be obtained from the farm owner. Catchment: Longueville Site: L8 (grid-ref. 68074816) Date sampled: 31.08.96

This is a road-side gutter in a residential area. The water arises from a pipe on the southerly side of the A3 (discharge 0.33l/sec), runs above ground for 29m and then flows into a road grate. The gutter slopes 13˚ downhill to the south west. 80% of the gutter surface was covered by Fontinalis antipyretica. The substrate was dominated by boulders and cobbles which formed the base of the gutter, there was also 2% gravel present. This was not a typical stream site. The macroinvertebrates were dominated by terrestrial species.

Catchment: Vallée des Mouriers

Site: M3 (grid-ref 60705620) Date sampled: 19.08.96

This is the lowest (approx 37m) of the sites sampled in La Vallee des Mouriers. The stream flows approximately west to east down a deep "V-shaped" channel, heavily overgrown with, and 100% shaded by, mixed terrestrial macrophytes (dominated by Bracken, Pteridium aquilinum, and Hemlock, Conium maculatum)). Pteridium and other heathland vegetation (heaths and gorse) dominate the valley slopes to either side of the channel, absent only where a dirt track (which crosses the stream a few metres above the top of the sampling site) runs along the north side. The underlying geology of the sample site was granitic, overlain by head, the channel bed largely comprising of gravels and cobbles, although some (20%) of the bed was covered by fine, silty deposits. Aquatic vegetation comprised of a bed of Fool's Water Cress, Apium nodiflorum, (20% bed cover). Flow within the channel was very low, although the nature and arrangement of the substrata suggest greater flows in the past. Notes: It is possible to drive to this site, although not easy. Other, terrestrial species worthy of note - several Green Lizards and many butterflies: Painted Lady, Red Admiral, Small Tortoiseshell, Common Skippers and Jersey Tiger Moths. Catchment: Vallée des Mouriers Site: M1 (grid-ref 60805617) Date sampled: 20.08.96

This site is located within the spillway from a reservoir formed by damming the Mourier Stream. As such, the underlying substrate is composed of concrete, cracks in which allow water seepage into the channel, thus supplying the stream. The concrete sides are almost vertical and reach almost 2m above the water's surface. At time of sampling they, and the bridge, shaded approximately 20-25% of the channel. The site is surrounded on both sides by mown grassland, in turn bordered by heath-covered slopes to the north and wooded slopes to the south. The pumping station for the reservoir is situated 20 metres away and slightly west of the site. The site comprises of twenty metres of the concrete channel, descending in a series of three steps before flowing under a concrete bridge (access to pumping station) and into a bed of Fool's Watercress, Apium nodiflorum . The submerged, vertical concrete surfaces within the site are largely (>50%) covered with the aquatic bryophyte, Chiloscyphus polyanthus. Large mats of algae (approximately 50% of the submerged sections) are present. The substrate over the concrete is largely (>95%) gravel, although when agitated this reveals the presence of fine silt. A large iron pipe projects into the upper section of the site, apparently a source of inflow at some time, but dry when sampled. An iron grid lies within the channel under the bridge. Notes: The water was very cold (10.5oC) and clear as it seeps from the cracks in the concrete. Flow is very low indeed (approx. 10l/minute). Large (>30cm) trout (suspect Oncorhynchus mykiss) are present in the reservoir. Common newt, Triturus vulgaris, found in site sample. Adult Cordulegaster boltoni frequented the margins and local airspace.

Catchment: Vallée des Mouriers

Site: M4 (grid-ref 61005592) Date sampled: 20.08.96

Deeply sunk within a "V-shaped" wooded (mainly sycamore, Acer pseudoplatanus) valley, flowing to the north-west of the track and joined 5 metres below the top of the site by a small spring/trickle. The stream flows from approximately SE to NW and is largely (95%) shaded by the trees that line the banks. Aquatic vegetation is absent whilst bankside vegetation (besides the trees) is dominated by a mix of bracken, Pteridium aquilinum and ivy, Hedera helix, together with several other species including the hart's tongue fern, Asplenium scolopendrium. At the bottom of the site the stream flows into a mass of brambles, Rubus fruticosus, and bracken, Pteridium aquilinum, and a stand of dead umbellifers. The underlying geology is granite, overlain by head, the stream substrate being dominated by cobbles and gravel, although several boulders (granite) are present. Flow speeds are rapid, up to 0.4m/sec. Catchment: Vallée des Mouriers Site: M5 (grid-ref 61185588) Date sampled: 20.08.96

Bordered on the SW side by a road and on the NE by rough grassland containing (20m from the stream) a derelict farm building. The stream flows north-west, alongside the road above and for the whole of the sampled length, before continuing through grassland, separated from the road. The stream channel is deeply (1m+) sunk below the surface of the surrounding land and, being a maximum of 1.15 metres wide, must be considered as 100% shaded for most of the day. Railings run between the stream channel and the road. The bankside vegetation is dominated for the last few metres of the NE bank by an ivy Hedera helix, hedge, but for most of it's length by grass (45%), nettles (20%) and a variety of herbs (mixed herbage 30%). Fool's watercress, Apium nodiflorum , forms beds covering 40% of the stream bed. The underlying geology of the site is granite with head overlay, whilst the stream bed is mainly composed of boulders and cobbles. Water flow is rapid, although slowed considerably by the beds of Apium situated 4 metres from the bottom of the site, an iron tube (1.3m) lies within the stream. Notes: 1 rainbow trout, Oncorhyncus mykiss, 10cm, caught in net sample. Catchment: Vallée des Mouriers Site: M6 (grid-ref 61335571) Date sampled: 21.08.96

This site begins at the point at which the stream leaves the culvert within which it flows under the road. From thereon it flows east to west, road on the south side, rough meadow to the north. Between the stream and road, elms, Ulmus, and ivy, Hedera, form an almost-complete hedge. An oak, Quercus, is situated at the end of the site on the south bank. The stream is almost completely (80%) shaded by the fringing vegetation. This is composed of several plant species although it is dominated by bracken, Pteridium. Underlying geology is Granite with head overlying. The stream substrate is largely composed of cobbles (50%). Where these and the boulders (15%) present are submerged, they are covered with Chiloscyphus polyanthus. Wild Angelica, Angelica sylvestris, grows within the meadow.

Catchment: Vallée des Mouriers

Site: M7 (grid-ref 61355557) Date sampled: 21.08.96

Here the stream flows north to south along the edge, and to the east, of the road. The opposite side of the road is occupied by mature oak and sycamore woodland Some of these trees extend far enough to contribute to the shade of the stream. On the other side a sallow, Salix, and poplar, Populus sp., tree cover the upper 25% of the site. Other vegetation of the valley side comprises a mixture of nettles, Urtica dioica (50%), brambles, Rubus fruticosus, ivy, Hedera helix and mixed herbs. The stream is fringed by a similar mix with additional Dryopteris sp., grasses and hart's tongue fern, Asplenium scolopendrium. The geology of the site is granite with alluvium overlying. The stream substrate comprises largely gravel (70%) with several silt deposits. Notes: Fish seen, but not identified. Catchment: Vallée des Mouriers Site: M8 (grid-ref 61225552) Date sampled: 21.08.96

Flowing roughly north, here the stream also runs alongside the road and is one of two (M7 above is situated on the other stream) that merge to become the main stream of the Vallee des Mouriers. The road is metalled and supports heavy tourist coach traffic in addition to the normal cars, etc. The dust/stones on the road's surface show evidence of road runoff entering the stream directly. The western side of the road rises into a grass/herb-covered bank that, in turn, rises to a rough grassland. The other side of the stream is flanked with trees, mainly poplars, Populus sp. which form the perimeter of a large garden. The sampling site was (after acquiring permission from the owners) situated directly opposite the end of the house. The land separating the house from the stream was covered in gravel. The fringing vegetation of the stream was mainly composed of nettles, Urtica dioica (40%) and bracken Pteridium aquilinum (30%). These, together with the trees, contribute to a total of 50% shade. Upstream of the site is impounded providing a small irrigation reservoir. The underlying geology of the site is granite overlain by alluvium, although the majority (80%) of the stream bed is formed by gravel. Aquatic vegetation is sparse, made up of one small patch of Fool's Watercress, Apium, and another of Common Water Starwort, Callitriche stagnalis. Notes: Sampling revealed a paucity of any aquatic arthropods (insects, arachnids, crustaceans, etc.). Conversations with the house occupants revealed that they believed a farmer periodically emptied the washings from a petrol/oil tank plus possible additional waste, into the stream above the sampling point. Catchment: Vallee des Mouriers Site: 'SSI' (grid-ref. 61345570) Date sampled: 30.08.96

The stream lies to the west of a small (15m) triangle of grassland, bounded by two minor roads (3 cars seen in two hours). To the west of the stream lies a mature oak woodland, to the east grassland. The most northerly part of the stream is shaded by oak and elder. The stream is dominated by Apium nodiflorum (20% cover), which has been recently managed - cut down, together with the plants on the east bank. The substrate is cobbles and gravels, with granite overlain by Quaternary alluvium as the underlying geology. No pipes enter this stream.

Catchment St. Peter's

Site: P1 (grid-ref. 62755514) Date sampled: 06.09.96

This is the upper site of the St. Peter's catchment. The stream arose in the fields south of St. John's church (100m distant); subterranean feeds to these fields were also reported. The stream flowed south west, bordered to the west by cow grazed pasture and to the east by residential back gardens. The banks were composed of laid stones. It was heavily shaded (primarily by hawthorn and sycamore), with correspondingly few aquatic macrophytes (Fontinalis antipyretica covered about 20% of the stream bed). The stream bed is dominated by gravels and cobbles. The underlying geology was granitic. Two pipes entered upstream of the site, one of which deposited a fine grey silt (covering stream bed and plants), although dry at the time of sampling. A further inflow pipe entered downstream from the residential gardens which was dry at the time of study, but did show a fine layer of surface oil at this point as well as downstream. Permission for sampling may be obtained from the owner of Oakleigh Cottage. Catchment: St. Peter's Site P2 (Grid-Ref 61845423) Date sampled: 09.08.96 Access to this site was prevented by dense vegetation within and adjacent to the stream. An alternative site was selected downstream in a woodland bordered by a lane to the east and south and by residential gardens to the west. The stream was shaded (90%) by trees and the in-stream vegetation included Hemlock water dropwort (10%) and nettles (20%). The stream bed was composed of silt (100%). There was no evidence of management or use of the land adjacent to the site. Catchment: St. Peter's Site P3 (Grid-Ref 61385395) Date sampled: 08.08.96 The site was located in the gardens of a private residence. The stream flowed south along the eastern border of the garden and a nursery was situated east of the stream. The stream had probably been channelised in the past. It was in shade (100%) contributed by coniferous and oak trees. Reeds (Phragmites) 15% cover, were situated at the top of the site. The substrate is silt (100%). Permission to sample the stream may be obtained from the owners who reported the discharge of identified china clay to the stream in previous years. Catchment: St. Peter's Site P4 (Grid-Ref 60215297) Date sampled: 08.08.96 At this site, the stream flowed through a derelict mill above the section sampled. The site was located parallel to a road at the base of a steep slope. Beyond the road to the east, were situated the granite works. The stream was crossed by a lane below followed by private residencies and gardens. The shade cover was 60% from ash and sycamore and broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) and Japanese Knotweed (Polyganum sp) within the stream. The substrate was composed of cobbles (40-70%) and silt (40-60%). A yellow colouration was observed on the surface of the cobbles below an outfall discharging into the east side of the stream. An intermittent discharge of a yellow effluent, probably originating from the granite works, has previously been observed (pers comm). Catchment: St. Peter's Site P4A (Grid-Ref 60175293) Date sampled: 07.08.96 The stream at this site was channelised and located in waterworks property. Managed grassland was situated west of the stream followed by a road which also crossed above the section sampled. The Fantastic Gardens were located further upstream. The stream bed and vertical walls were lined with concrete. Shade cover was 50% although Cladophora (90%) was present on the stream bed. Silt ranged from 30-80% with cobbles (0-20%), pebbles (0-30%0 and gravel (0-40%) also being recorded.

Catchment: St. Peter's Site P5A (Grid-Ref 60295229) Date sampled: 06.08.96 The stream was bordered by steep banks with unmanaged vegetation. The A11 road runs parallel to its east bank and it is crossed by a land to the south. It passes through a dry reedbed upstream. The shade cover (50%) is influenced by oak, ash and sycamore trees with Hemlock water dropwort and lesser water parsley present in the stream. The substrate is silt (50%) and cobbles (50%). The underlying geology is Pleistocene/recent alluvium. Catchment: St. Peter's Site P5 (Grid-Ref 60335217) Date sampled: 06.08.96 The site is located below 5A on the main stream above the confluence with the tributary from 5A. The stream meanders through woodland. The substrate composition is silt (20-100%) and gravel (0-80%). The 80% shade cover is influenced by ash with Mentha aquatica (Water mint) 3% and Betula erecta (Lesser water parsnip) being present in the stream. Catchment: St. Peter's Site P7A (Grid-Ref 60855161) Date sampled: 05.08.96 At this site the stream runs parallel to the A11 on its eastern side. The banks were densely vegetated with Rubus fruticosus (bramble) and Urtica dioica (nettle) and the vegetation on the west bank had been cropped. Approximately 50% of the stream was shaded. The substrate was dominated by cobbles (70100%) with silt (0-30%). The underlying geology is Pleistocene/recent head over mudstones/sandsones/gritstones of the Jersey shale formation. The A11 is a busy road and the stream probably receives runoff from it. Catchment: St. Peter's Site P7 (Grid-Ref 60975157) Date sampled: 05.08.96 The stream is situated below a pond and within rough pasture grazed by horses to the north and with unmanaged vegetation to the south. The stream vegetation includes water mint, yellow iris and hemlock water dropwort (15%) and there is 70% shade cover. The substrate is composed of pebbles (50%) and silt (50%). The presence of a dry channelised flood channel to the south suggests periods of high discharge. Catchment: St. Peter's Site P8A (Grid-Ref 61225148) Date sampled: 03.08.96 The stream flows through a grazed pasture to the east and an unmanaged meadow to the west. Above the site the stream flows through a dense unmanaged wetland. The A11 road runs parallel to the stream further to the east. The site was below the flight path of departing planes on the day of sampling. The most dominant stream macrophyte species were Iris pseudocorus (20%) and Oenanthe crosata (15%) and the shade cover was 60%. The substrate was dominated by silt (70%) with cobbles (30%). Catchment: St. Peter's Site P9 (Grid-Ref 61595076) Date sampled: 02.08.96 At this site, the stream flows south-east to a culvetted section. Immediately above the site is a pool and beyond the stream a reservoir which periodically discharges water into it. The site is located on waterworks property and permission is required for access. The steep bank at the site was dominated by sycamore and Japanese knotweed and had recently been managed. The cropped vegetation had not been removed and was obstructing the streamflow. The substrate was dominated by silt at the top of the site and cobbles at the lower end of the site. Catchment: St. Peter's Site P9A (Grid-Ref 61625073) Date sampled: 02.08.96 The stream flows south at this site. It emerges from culvert at the top of the site and flows through managed grassland to the east owned by the waterworks company. A minor road runs parallel to the west bank of the stream. A tributary from a disused mill enters the west side of the stream at the top of the site. Alder trees provide shade (20%) on the east bank Polyganum cuspidatum was also present. The substrate is initially dominated by cobbles changing to silt (100%) at the lower end of the site.

Catchment: St. Peter's Site P13 (Grid-Ref 61664982) Date sampled: 02.08.96 The stream at this site is channelised at the base of granite walls 0.8-1.2m high. It runs parallel to a footpath on its west bank with a field boundary on its east side. The stream was dry above the section sampled. It is undoubtedly influenced by tidal incursions and the conductivity readings (above the level of detection) indicated high levels of salinity. Quercus ilex (Holm oak) and Carpinus betulus (hornbeam) contributed to the 100% shade. No macrophytes were present in the stream. The substrate was dominated by silt (50-90%) with cobbles (10-40%). Catchment: St. Peter's Site: Tesson Mill (grid-ref. 61645049) Date sampled: 31.08.96 This site is in a semi-residential area, bounded by a road to the north (a tributary of the A11) and a footpath to the east. The walls of the stream are channelised by a 0.6m high wall made of stone blocks. The stream is moderately shaded (60%) by oaks from the west bank; no macrophytes were found within the sampled stretch. The stream bed is unusual in that it contains primarily cobbles (40%) and silt (50%), with very little gravel (5%). The underlying geology is Jersey Shale Formation. At the time of sampling a 1.2m high wooden fence with plastic wire, was being erected and a wheel barrow lay within the stream. The stream lies below both road and footpath. Local information states that a 0.1m thick layer of foam periodically appears upstream. Regarded as 'SSI'. Catchment: Rozel Site R1 (Grid-Ref 70635245) Date sampled: 31.07.96 This section of the stream is located below a wetland and farmyard with an arable field situated to the east and a minor road below the site. The steep banks of the stream are densely vegetated and the in-stream macrophytes are dominated by Betula erecta (Lesser water parsnip) 25%. The substrate is composed of silt (10%), pebbles (80%) and cobbles (10%) with the exception of the lower end of the site where silt cover is 100%. Permission for sampling may be obtained from the farm owner. (Mr Corson, Mill Farm, St Martin) Catchment: Rozel Site R3 (Grid-Ref 70005293) Date sampled: 29.07.96 This tributary flows north-east through woodland with a footpath parallel to its east bank before joining the main stream. It is shaded (65%) and the stream vegetation is dominated by Oeananthe crosata (Hemlock water dropwort) 20% and the stream bank by Urtica dioica (20%) and Dryopteris (10%). The stream bed is dominated by cobbles (50%) with gravel (20%), pebbles (10%) and silt (20%). Dogs entered the stream near the junction of the footpath. Catchment: Rozel Site R5 (Grid-Ref 70325275) Date sampled: 29.07.96 This site is located between R2 and R5 and is a tributary which flows in a north-easterly direction down a steep slope, then passes under a footpath to join the main stream. Access to woodland and pasture above the section sampled is restricted by fencing. The site was 70% shaded by surrounding trees and bankside vegetation Pteridium (15%). The substrate was composed initially of silt (100%) with cobbles (20%) and dense leaf litter at the lower end of the site. The underlying geology is onglomerates of the Rozel conglomerate formation. Catchment: Waterworks Valley Site: W4 (grid-ref 63715487). Date sampled: 28.08.96

This is the upper west site of the Waterworks Valley, which lies in a privately owned horse-grazed meadow. The stream was sampled at the most southerly end of the meadow. The site was unshaded, and macrophyte rich, dominated by Iris pseudacorus (50% cover). Very little flow was observed through the macrophytes. The stream bed was dominated by fine silt (99% cover), the underlying geology was granitic. Two inflows entered the stream: from the north a pipe emerged under the road (A9) which was dry at the time of sampling, and a further pipe entered half-way down the meadow from the west with a discharge of 0.08 l/sec. The bank of the stream was deeply poached.

Catchment: Waterworks Valley

Site: W3 (grid-ref. 64175431) Date sampled: 28.08.96

This is the upper east site of the catchment, also lying in a privately owned meadow. There was evidence of cattle grazing and ducks also used this site. Upstream of this site was further pasture. Despite the unshaded nature of the site, there were few aquatic macrophytes in the stream, dominated by Polygonum hydropiper (5% cover). The water was shallow throughout its length, but flowing (0.2m/s). The water was a cloudy light brown in colour, containing considerable amounts of suspended material. The stream bed was dominated by silt (60% cover), downstream of the sampled site this reached 0.23m depth. The underlying geology was granitic. This field is owned by Mr. Rowbottom. Catchment: Waterworks Valley Site: W2 (grid-ref: 63395263) Date sampled: 29.08.96

This site lay on the edge of a grassy verge with the C119 passing 20m to the north and a beech/birch woodland to the south. The site was moderately shaded (65% cover), with only Iris pseudacorus (1% cover) in the stream bed. The substrate was dominated by gravels, with silt. The underlying geology was Jersey Shale formation overlain by Quaternary alluvium. The C119 was not heavily used - in two hours, 7 cars and two horses were seen. Catchment: Waterworks Valley Site: W1 (grid-ref. 63255151) Date sampled: 29.08.96

This stream lay to the north of the C118. The site is located after the confluence of a small stream from the west and the main stream from the north, which passes down a water shute. The banks of the stream have been largely channelized with stone blocks, which at places have fallen into the stream to create riffles. The site was heavily shaded on the edge of a sycamore/oak woodland. No aquatic macrophytes were found in the stream bed. The substrate of the stream was dominated by gravels (35% cover) and silt (45% cover). The underlying geology was Jersey Shale formation overlain by Quaternary alluvium. The stream lay approximately 1.2m below the road, hence the discharge of run off was possible. Catchment: Waterworks Valley Site: Millbrook (grid-ref. 63105010) Date sampled: 29.08.96

This is the most southerly site of the catchment, located to the east of the car park of the Universal Church of Our Lady. The stream is heavily shaded, the west bank by a Cupressus hedge, the east bank primarily by willows. The west bank also acts as a location for grass clipping and potting compost. The stream is below the level of the car park, but run off is limited by a 0.3m high wall at the base of the Cypressus hedge. There are no aquatic macrophytes within the stream bed, the substrate is dominated by silt with gravels, the underlying geology was Jersey Shale formation overlain by Quaternary alluvium. One pipe enters the stream from the west side, which was dry at the time of sampling. Regarded as 'SSI'. Catchment: Les Prés D'Auvergne Site: SSI (grid-ref 562541) Date sampled: 24.08.96

This site is located at the point at which a steep-sided valley flattens out into a western coastal plain at Cueillette De Grantez. The underlying geology at this point is Pleistocene/recent alluvium or wind blown sand. Here the stream has alder Alnus glutinosa, trees flanking the southern side and a wet meadow on the northern side. Two metres from the western end of the site is a wooden weir. Aquatic vegetation comprises of fools' watercress, Apium , and brooklime, Veronica beccabunga. Bankside vegetation is composed largely (50%) of nettles, Urtica, grass (10%), Apium (10%) and other herbs (the level of the stream having risen as a result of previous rain). The flora of the meadow is composed of Fleabane, Pulicaria dysenterica (30%), Willowherb, Chamaenerion, (30%), grass (20%) and buttercups, Ranunculus (10%). The stream substrate is composed largely of Silt (50%) and gravel (30%).

Catchment: Queen's Valley

Site GRO (Grid-Ref 696492)

Date sampled: 31.07.96

At this site, the stream flows north-east through grazed pasture which is bordered by a road to the southwest followed by arable fields. Silage or manure was being applied to the arable field at the time of sampling. The stream bed was dominated by silt (90%). The dominant macrophyte is Watercress (60%) providing shade for the substrate. The site is classified as an SSI. Permission for sampling may be obtained from the farm situated 200m west of the site.

Appendix F Physico-chemical data from macroinvertebrate sites
Site mean width (m) mean depth (cm) mean sediment depth (cm) 0 12.33 44.67 * 9.2 2.11 4.88 3.16 3.44 10.2 2.77 9.11 2.16 6.9 5 22 9 5.77 2.8 1.2 4.1 * * 1.3 * 0.38 0.27 0.77 1.33 1.36 0.66 0.72 0.82 0.95 1.08 1.1 1.22 1.82 1.3 1.95 0.33 0.93 0.94 1.23 0.3 1.7 1.4 0.9 2.1 0.8 0.35 2.65 0.75 1.35 0.96 1.07 0.83 0.89 1.57 1.14 * 0.26 3.1 4.3 13.8 11 8.2 4.1 6.7 4 6.3 3 5.9 5 9.4 6.9 2 11.9 6 3.1 1.2 5.7 4.7 12.1 34.8 3.8 4.3 9.5 4.1 5.9 6 8 5.2 9.3 7.6 12.88 2.5 * 0.75 0.35 1.44 2.22 2.33 1.44 0.72 0.33 1.5 0.5 0.08 1 1 23.3 0.61 3.33 7.5 4.3 3 2.67 2.44 3.89 1.2 17.5 6.44 3.67 0 2.44 0.16 0.11 0.16 0.88 1.78 0.06 7 * * 0.16 * 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 8 5 0 0 5 5 8 10 40 15 7 8 0 0 6.88 12.94 4.94 4.11 3.88 12.88 8.88 2.11 2.27 0.16 4.6 14 24 0.67 16.56 0 0.67 * * 0 * 27 0 2 3 15 3 30 5 30 20 28 2 30 2 30 35 40 30 43 5 5 10 5 0 0 10 2 15 40 30 50 8 3 50 3 * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * * 60 * 3 1 42 52 35 45 20 0 30 35 32 48 35 0 68 55 20 * 47 45 55 70 80 0 10 35 93 60 50 30 30 70 80 45 0 % boulders % cobbles % gravel % sediment altitude (m) distance from source (km) 0.02 1.3 1.8 3.3 3.5 4.1 3.9 5 4.6 5.4 6.2 6.1 6.9 6.5 3.4 2.9 2.9 0.6 2.6 * 2.6 1.9 * 1.4 2.4 0.13 0.65 0.15 2.95 4.05 5.55 0.6 2.4 1.75 1.77 0.75 4.7 3.1 2 3.1 2.65 1.05 2.8 4.2 2.23 1.9 1.33 0.78 0.33 0.08 1.67 1.83 1.95 1.5 1.33 1.05 0.98 0.5 0.99 2.3 pH conductivit y (µS) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 5.5 6.1 7.2 8.8 8.4 7.7 5.6 7 7 8.4 9.4 9.4 6.7 7.7 11.9 7.6 8.3 7.6 7.2 9.6 6.2 * * 630 * 7.5 7 7.8 8.1 8 7.7 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.4 7.1 8.2 7.3 8.9 7.3 7.2 7 7.5 7.9 6.8 7.5 7.4 7.2 6.9 7 7.8 6.9 7.2 7.5 7.2 7.3 7.5 6.7 7.2 7.4 1020 420 820 590 590 670 670 580 490 520 450 520 490 450 520 430 450 580 640 810 770 760 540 590 970 700 690 690 700 720 720 740 670 680 740 * 7.9 7.9 3.9 9.8 8.8 7.8 9.2 10 9.5 8.9 10 9 8.8 9.7 9.5 7.9 7.5 8.7 8.2 8.5 8.2 9.4 6.7 1.4 1.4 8 * 5.1 9.2 8.8 9.7 8.6 7.7 9.5 5.1 8.6 * 74 40 48 49 52 60 60 54 56 62 46 46 46 44 52 48 34 56 50 62 60 50 38 29 45 62 42 36 45 44 45 58 42 46 66 * * 54 * 0.4 0.7 4.1 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.2 1.3 0.9 1.6 1.2 0.7 1.1 1 1 1.4 3.3 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 2.3 Calcium (mg/l) Carbonate hardness (mmol/l) 0.7 1.4 1.15 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.4 2.5 2 2.7 3.1 2.2 1.1 2.9 2.1 1.7 * * 1.1 * 3 1.3 2.4 2 2.1 2.3 2 1.9 2 2 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.85 1.9 2.9 2.5 2.3 1.5 1.4 2.7 2.6 2.4 2 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.5 * * 2 * 70 0 8 65 93 98 0 98 65 0 30 25 40 0 95 0 0 90 50 100 60 40 40 95 99 50 20 90 95 10 80 80 50 25 60 Total hardness (mmol/l) 2.2 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.05 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.4 3.66 2.4 3.4 3 3.2 1.75 3.55 3.5 1.9 * * 65 * 0.06 * 0.2 0.2 0.33 0.22 0.33 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.22 0.29 0.33 * 0.33 0.2 0.07 0 0.2 * * 0.4 0.31 0 0.02 0.08 * 0.02 0.4 0.33 0.33 0.25 0.33 0.25 0.16 % shade Surface flow (m/s)

St. Peter's Valley 1 St. Peter's Valley 2 St. Peter's Valley 3 St. Peter's Valley 4 St. Peter's Valley 4a St. Peter's Valley 5 St. Peter's Valley 5a St. Peter's Valley 7 St. Peter's Valley 7a St. Peter's Valley 8a St. Peter's Valley 9a St. Peter's Valley 9 St. Peter's Valley 13 Tesson Mill SSI Longueville 2 Longueville 3 Longueville 4 Longueville 5b Longueville 5c Longueville 8 Rozel 1 Rozel 2 Rozel 2 Rozel 3 Rozel 4 Rozel 5 Waterworks Valley 4 Waterworks Valley 3 Waterworks Valley 2 Waterworks Valley 1 Millbrook SSI Bellozanne Valley 2403 Bellozanne Valley 2402 Bellozanne Valley 2404a Bellozanne Valley 2404b Bellozanne Valley 2406 Vallée des Vaux 2505 Vallée des Vaux 2506 Vallée des Vaux 2507 Grands Vaux 2502 Grands Vaux 2503 Grands Vaux 2504 Grands Vaux SSI Vallée des Vaux SSI Vaux de Lecq 2202 Vaux de Lecq 2203 Vaux de Lecq 2204 Vaux de Lecq 2205 Vaux de Lecq 2206 Vaux de Lecq 2207 Prés d'Auvergne Mourier 1 Mourier 3 Mourier 4 Mourier 5 Mourier 6 Mourier 7 Mourier 8 Mourier SSI Grouville SSI

0.97 0.85 0.93 *.* 0.86 0.23 0.76 0.93 0.64 0.89 0.75 1.05 0 1.7 1.3 2.19 1.9 0.72 0.5 0.35 1.24 * * *

4.3 7.4 4.7

5 0 0 *

15 0 0 * 27 0 33 57 90 17 43 40 27 40 0 0 0 10 0 0 90

78 0 0 * 27 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 * 0 2 0 * * 20 * * *

2 100 100 46 70 18 43 10 83 57 60 73 50 100 100 100 90 100 0 10 * 20 33 99 56 45 47 52 50 95 40 45 40 50 35 98 2 10 40 70 10 5 25 12 10 100 90 50 0 17 0 0 5 15 9 5 97

340 320 290 200 180 160 160 100 120 80 55 60 30 40 20 20 20 250 20 160 40 100 100 100 120 360 360 200 180 40 160 160 200 200 280 80 180 260 200 220 300 200 160 60 80 190 240 285 290 80 160 120 190 200 240 250 260 280 20

6.5 7.5 6.7 7.8 8.2 7.6 7.6 7.8 8 7.4 7.8 7.8 7.6 7.8 9.6 8 7.1 7.5 7.9 7.6 7.6 * * 7.7 *

600 540 570 590 640 640 710 720 700 * 720 700 900 670 930 980 940 640 1150 860 620 * *

52 36 44 44 50 44 52 50 50 50 52 54 81 60 96 102 100 46 114 92 46

98 90 100 60 50 80 50 70 50 60 20 70 100 60 0 0 0 70 0 40 50

0.045 0 0.13 0.2 * * * * * * * 0 0 0.008 0.001 0 * * 0.1 0.333 0.15 * * 0.13

Section 3

Assessment of water quality in Jersey streams

Dr Mark Wyer and Professor David Kay

June 1997

Centre for Research into Environment and Health The Environment Centre University of Leeds West Yorkshire LS2 9JT

Executive Summary
1. Over 9000 surface water quality measurements for Jersey streams were independently assessed by the Centre for Research into Environment and Health. Measurements of a range of general parameters, nutrients (ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and potassium) and faecal indicators were assessed using statistical summaries and comparisons with relevant EC Directive criteria . The results demonstrate that Jersey stream waters are far from pristine with relatively few samples within Guide criteria specified in the drinking water abstraction Directive 75/440/EEC A1 "waters requiring simple physical treatment" and fresh water for fish life Directive 78/659/EEC. Jersey streams have particularly high nitrate concentrations and less than 20% of all samples had concentrations below the drinking water abstraction Directive 75/440/EEC Imperative and water for human consumption Directive 80/778/EEC maximum admissible concentration of 50 mg/l NO3. Water quality is particularly poor in discharges from small streams draining the south east of Jersey where receiving coastal waters are used for shell fisheries.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6. Water quality parameters, as measured by spot sampling are only weakly related to indices of ecological status and thus do not appear to be useful indices of ecological status in Jersey streams.

Table of Contents Executive Summary

1

Introduction 1.1 Stream water quality monitoring

page 1 page 1 page 2 page 2 page 2

2

Data analysis 2.1 2.2 Statistical analysis Compliance criteria page 4 Statistical summaries 3.1.1 General parameters 3.1.2 Nutrients 3.1.3 Faecal indicator organisms 3.2 3.3 Relationships with macroinvertebrate analysis Comparisons with EC Directive criteria 3.3.1 General parameters 3.3.2 Nutrients 3.3.3 Faecal indicator organisms

3

Results 3.1

page 4 page 4 page 5 page 5 page 6 page 7 page 7 page 8 page 9

4

Summary and conclusions 4.1 4.2 Summary Conclusions

page 10 page 10 page 11 page 12

References

i

List of Figures Figure 1.1 Figure 3.1 Figure 3.2 Figure 3.3 Figure 3.4 Figure 3.5 Figure 3.6 Figure 3.7 Stream water quality sampling points Median and range of temperature (˚C) in Jersey streams Median and range of pH in Jersey streams Median and range of conductivity (µS) in Jersey streams Median and range of dissolved oxygen (% saturation) in Jersey streams Median and range of chemical oxygen demand (mg/l O2) in Jersey streams Median and range of chloride concentrations (mg/l Cl) in Jersey streams Median and range of ammonium concentrations (mg/l NH4) in Jersey streams Median and range of nitrate concentrations (mg/l NO3) in Jersey streams Median and range of nitrite concentrations (mg/l NO2) in Jersey streams

Figure 3.8 Figure 3.9

Figure 3.10 Median and range of ortho-phosphate concentrations (mg/l P2O5) in Jersey streams Figure 3.11 Median and range of total phosphate concentrations (mg/l P) in Jersey streams Figure 3.12 Median and range of potassium concentrations (mg/l K) in Jersey streams Figure 3.13 Mean and range of log10 total coliform concentrations (cfu/100 ml) in Jersey streams Figure 3.14 Mean and range of log10 faecal coliform concentrations (cfu/100 ml) in Jersey streams Figure 3.15 Mean and range of log10 faecal streptococci concentrations (cfu/100 ml) in Jersey streams

ii

List of Tables Table 2.1 Table 3.1 Table 3.2 Table 3.3 Table 3.4 Table 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 Table 3.8 Table 3.9 Relevant EC Directive compliance criteria Summary of temperatures (˚C) in Jersey streams Summary of pH in Jersey streams Summary of conductivity (µS) in Jersey streams Summary of dissolved oxygen (% saturation) in Jersey streams Summary of chemical oxygen demand (mg/l O2) in Jersey streams Summary of chloride concentrations (mg/l Cl) in Jersey streams Summary of ammonium concentrations (mg/l NH4) in Jersey streams Summary of nitrate concentrations (mg/l NO3) in Jersey streams Summary of nitrite concentrations (mg/l NO2) in Jersey streams

Table 3.10 Summary of ortho-phosphate concentrations (mg/l P2O5) in Jersey streams Table 3.11 Summary of total phosphate concentrations (mg/l P) in Jersey streams Table 3.12 Summary of potassium concentrations (mg/l K) in Jersey streams Table 3.13 Summary of total coliform concentrations (cfu/100ml) in Jersey streams Table 3.14 Summary of faecal coliform concentrations (cfu/100ml) in Jersey streams Table 3.15 Summary of faecal streptococci concentrations (cfu/100ml) in Jersey streams Table 3.16 Pearson correlations (r) between median values of water quality parameters (PSd and CREH data) and ecological index values from macroinvertebrate analysis Table 3.17 Spearman rank correlations between DECORANA axis scores (from ordination of water quality parameters) and water quality parameters and ecological indices using data from 42 sites with data for all parameters Table 3.18 Numbers of samples within pH ranges or not exceeding maximum admissible values specified in EC Directives Table 3.19 Numbers of samples � conductivity values specified in EC Directives Table 3.20 Numbers of samples � chemical oxygen demand (COD) values specified in EC Directives iii

Table 3.21 Numbers of samples � chloride concentration values specified in EC Directives

iv

Table 3.22 Numbers of samples � ammonium concentration values specified in EC Directives Table 3.23 Numbers of samples � nitrate concentration values specified in EC Directives Table 3.24 Numbers of samples � nitrite concentration values specified in EC Directives Table 3.25 Numbers of samples � ortho-phosphate concentration values specified in EC Directives Table 3.26 Numbers of samples � potassium concentration values specified in EC Directives Table 3.27 Numbers of samples � faecal indicator concentration values specified in EC Directives Table 4.1 Summary of water quality data for stream catchments monitored on the island of Jersey Summary of samples from Jersey streams passing a range of EC Directive criteria for surface waters

Table 4.2

v

1

Introduction

This report provides an independent assessment of water quality in fresh water streams on the island of Jersey. The assessment is based on data collected by the States of Jersey Public Services Department (PSd) pollution control team and provides: (i) statistical summaries of results and (ii) a compliance assessment against relevant EC Directive standards. 1.1 Stream water quality monitoring

Routine monitoring of surface water quality in streams draining the island of Jersey by the PSd pollution control unit was initiated in 1994. This report is based on all available data to November 1996. Water quality parameters measured cover three broad categories: (i) General parameters Stream temperature (˚C), pH (pH units), Conductivity (µS), Dissolved oxygen (DO, % saturation), Chemical oxygen demand (COD, mg/l O2) and Chloride (mg/l Cl-) (ii) Nutrients Ammonium (mg/l NH4+) Nitrate (mg/l NO3-) Nitrite (mg/l NO2-) Ortho-phosphate (mg/l P2O5) (replaced total phosphate parameter - PSd) Total phosphate (mg/l ) (replaced by phosphate as P2O5 - PSd) Potassium (mg/l K+) and (iii) Faecal indicator organisms Total coliforms (cfu/100ml) Faecal coliforms (cfu/100ml) Faecal streptococci (cfu/100ml) Monitoring covered spatial detail within five catchments (Les Vaux de Lecq, La Vallée des Mouriers, St Peter's Valley, Longueville catchment and Rozel catchment), with over 50 sampling points in total (Figure 1.1). In addition, eleven stream outfalls from small catchments draining the south eastern area of the island have been monitored plus nine "sites of special interest" (SSI's) (Figure 1.1). The latter were identified by the States of Jersey Planning and Environment Department as sites of potential ecological significance. Four of the SSI's are located in catchments selected for detailed monitoring by PSd. The remaining SSI's provide useful information from other stream catchments: Waterworks Valley (Millbrook SSI), Grands Vaux/Vallée des Vaux and Queen's Valley (Grouville SSI) and a stream draining to the west of the island (Les Prés D'Auvergne SSI) (Figure 1.1). 1

This monitoring programme has provided information covering the major catchments draining to the south (St Aubin's Bay) and east coasts of Jersey. Drainage to the north is limited to small catchments by the physiography of the island and is represented by two neighbouring catchments: Les Vaux de Lecq and La Vallée des Mouriers. The spatial coverage has generally excluded catchments draining to the west (St Ouën's Bay) and south west (St Brélade's Bay) coasts as well as small north coast catchments east of La Vallée des Mouriers (e.g. Les Vaux de Rozel and Bouley Bay) and west of Les Vaux de Lecq (e.g. La Val Bachelier, draining to Plémont Bay) (Figure 1.1). The programme also excludes smaller catchments draining to the west of St Aubin's Bay (e.g. into St Aubin's harbour) and the stream draining the Bellozanne Valley. Bacteriological and some nitrate data for some of these catchments have been provided in previous CREH reports to PSd (Jones et al., 1993; Wyer et al., 1994). However these data are limited to summer conditions and have thus not been included in compliance comparisons.

2
2.1

Data analysis
Statistical analysis

Simple descriptive statistics were used to compare water quality monitoring results between sites in each catchment area. With the exception of bacterial faecal indicator parameters, the median value was used to describe central tendency for each parameter at every site. For the bacterial parameters, the geometric mean (antilog of the mean of log10 transformed concentrations) was used as the central tendency descriptor. Minimum and maximum values were used to examine the range of concentrations at each site. Where applicable, results for SSI's were included alongside those for other streams in each catchment. The remaining SSI's were considered as an additional group. Comparisons were made using simple central tendency - range plots for each site in each catchment. Further statistical analyses explored relationships between the water quality data and the ecological status of streams determined in the macroinvertebrate study. Two approaches were used: (i) simple bivariate (Pearson) correlation between water quality descriptors (median or geometric mean values as appropriate) and corresponding macroinvertebrate indices (BMWP and ASPT scores and number of taxa (see section 3 of the macroinvertebrate report for details)) at each site and (ii) DECORANA ordination of water quality data and correlation (Spearman) between corresponding ordination axis scores and macroinvertebrate indices (see section 3 of the macroinvertebrate report for details). For the simple correlation analysis additional data from previous CREH stream water quality investigations for PSd were included for sites not routinely monitored by PSd pollution control staff. These data were restricted to measurements of temperature, pH, conductivity, nitrate and faecal indicator organism concentrations. The DECORANA ordination (i) excluded total phosphate concentration data, which were limited to 35 sites and (ii) was restricted to 42 sites with data for all parameters. Statistical significance was assessed at a minimum of � = 0.05 (i.e. 95% confidence). 2.2 Compliance criteria

Analytical results of the monitoring programme were compared to concentration values specified in three relevant EC Directives: (i) the drinking water abstraction Directive (75/440/EEC) (EC, 1975; EC, 1979), (ii) the fresh water for fish life Directive (78/659/EEC) (EC, 1978) and (iii) the water for human consumption Directive 2

(80/778/EEC) (EC, 1980). Whilst surface waters on Jersey do not have to comply with EC Directives, these standards provide a range of benchmarks against which water quality can be assessed. Each Directive has three possible compliance levels: (i) (ii) Guide - recommended concentrations Imperative - mandatory concentrations

(iii) Maximum admissible concentration (MAC) which should not be exceeded.

3

The drinking water abstraction Directive applies to raw waters used for drinking water supply and has three levels covering pristine waters, requiring little treatment, through to contaminated waters, requiring intensive treatment prior to supply: (i) (ii) (iii) A1 - water requiring simple physical treatment, A2 - water requiring normal chemical treatment and disinfection and A3 - water requiring intensive chemical treatment.

This Directive does not include any MAC values and specifies 95% compliance with Imperative and 90% with Guide criteria. For certain parameters, including conductivity, COD, ammonium, nitrate and phosphates, any samples exceeding compliance levels should not deviate by more than 50% of the specified values. Jersey data were thus compared to Imperative + 50% and Guide + 50% values in addition to the specified compliance concentrations. These Directive standards are broadly relevant to Jersey surface waters, many of which are used for abstraction. The fresh water for fish life Directive has two levels, the more stringent applies to the sensitive salmonid group of fish species and the other to cyprinids. Whilst surface water streams on Jersey are far too small to support their own fisheries, streams do supply reservoirs and ponds stocked with fish for recreational angling. Stream water quality in relation to this Directive is of direct relevance in this context. In addition, comparison with this Directive provides an ecological water quality index. The fresh water for fish life Directive does not specify MAC values for any criteria measured in the Jersey monitoring programme and specifies 95% compliance with both Imperative and Guide values of pH, ammonium and nitrite where samples are taken with a frequency of greater than one per month. As the Jersey streams have been sampled less frequently than this, the compliance criteria for these parameters would be 100%. Whilst it is accepted that surface water streams are not, generally, used for direct human consumption, the water for human consumption Directive has been included to provide a relatively stringent benchmark for comparisons of stream water quality on the island. This Directive includes some MAC values and is the only Directive to include a standard for potassium. Table 2.1 details the applicable compliance criteria for each parameter.

4

3
3.1

Results
Statistical summaries

3.1.1 General parameters Stream temperatures (Table 3.1 and Figure 3.1) show a typical range (3.6 ˚C to 23.9 ˚C) for temperate maritime northern Europe. Winter temperatures remain above 0˚C. Median pH values (Table 3.2 and Figure 3.2) show most of the streams to be circumneutral. Exceptions include sites in the headwaters of both the St Peter's Valley (sites P1 - P3a) and Vaux de Lecq (sites 2206 and 2207) catchments where median pH values were slightly more acidic (< 6.5). Of the sites with more than one analytical result, two sites in the Longueville catchment have consistently acidic water: L6 (median pH 6.35) and L8 (median pH 6.54) (Table 3.2 and Figure 3.2) and one in La Vallée des Mouriers (M4, median pH 6.3). The following sites have particularly wide pH ranges with upper values exceeding pH 8.5: M2 (maximum pH 9.3), R0a (maximum pH 10.04) and P7 (maximum pH 8.68). Median conductivity (Table 3.3 and Figure 3.3) is typically in the range 500 to 1000 µS. Exceptions are: the south east coast stream water outfalls (excluding site 21), the outlet of Longueville catchment (site L0) and site R5 in the Rozel catchment where median conductivity exceeds 1000 µS. The south east coast stream outfalls show particularly wide ranges in conductivity especially at sites 16, 17, 19 and 20 where maximum conductivity exceeds 4900 µS. This is also the case for site L0. At all of these sites, high conductivity may be associated with sea water incursion. This is likely to be the case with relatively high maximum conductivity values from other catchment outlets: sites R0, P12 and P13. In addition, maximum conductivity at the Grands Vaux SSI is relatively high. This may represent an isolated pollution incident at this inland site. At sites with more than one analytical result, median dissolved oxygen concentrations are in the range 35 to 100 % saturation (Table 3.4 and Figure 3.4). Relatively low median concentrations (35 - 65 % saturation) are associated with sites in the Longueville catchment (sites L1, L3 and L6) and in the headwaters of St Peter's Valley (site P1) and Vaux de Lecq (site 2206). Several sites in the Longueville catchment show particularly low minimum dissolved oxygen values (below 10 % saturation) compared to other catchments (Table 3.4 and Figure 3.4). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) results are summarized in Table 3.5 and Figure 3.5. Median concentrations are in the range 3 to 39 mg/l O2. COD values are broadly in the 0 to 60 mg/l O2 range. Exceptions include Longueville catchment site L5b, Rozel catchment sites R0a and R3, St Peter's Valley sites P5a, P9, P11 and P13, Vaux de Lecq site 2205 and south east coast stream outfall site 16 where maximum COD concentrations exceed 60 mg/l O2. Median chloride concentrations in Jersey streams are generally in the range 60 to 135 mg/l (Table 3.6 and Figure 3.6). Notable exceptions include: Longueville catchment site L0, St Peter's Valley sites P12 and P13 and south east coast stream outfall sites 16 though to 20 which exhibit particularly high maximum chloride concentrations. This 5

pattern reflects sea water incursion as reflected in parallel conductivity measurements (Figure 3.3).

6

3.1.2 Nutrients Median ammonium concentrations in Jersey streams are generally below 2 mg/l and often below 1 mg/l (Table 3.7 and Figure 3.7). Exceptions include south east coast stream outfall sites 11 and 16. The single result for Longueville catchment site L2 is also high. Relatively high maximum concentrations (above 5 mg/l) are also evident at: Rozel catchment site R3, St Peter's Valley catchment sites P1, P3 and P11. The median nitrate concentrations in Jersey streams generally exceed 50 mg/l (Table 3.8 and Figure 3.8). Exceptions are: Rozel catchment site R3d (single result) and St Peter's Valley site P3a. Median and maximum nitrate concentrations appear to be exceptionally high at south east coast stream outfall sites 11 and 14 where maximum values exceed 1000 mg/l (Figure 3.8). Table 3.9 and Figure 3.9 summarize nitrite concentration data. At the majority of sites median nitrite concentrations are below 0.5 mg/l and maximum concentrations below 1 mg/l. Exceptions are: Rozel catchment site R3, St Peter's Valley sites P1 and P6, Vaux de Lecq sites 2205 and 2206 and south east coast stream outfall sites 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19 and 21 where maximum values exceed 1 mg/l. south east coast stream outfall site 21 has the highest maximum nitrite concentration approaching 40 mg/l. Median phosphate (P2O5) concentrations are generally less than 2 mg/l (table 3.10 and Figure 3.10). This value was exceeded at: Rozel catchment site R0a, St Peter's Valley sites P1, P6 and P7a and south east coast stream outfall sites 11, 14, 16 and 22. South east coast stream outfalls 11 and 14 show particularly high maximum phosphate concentrations in excess of 90 mg/l. Both of these sites have very high nitrate concentrations (Figure 3.8). Total phosphate data are relatively sparse (Table 3.11 and Figure 3.11) and all concentrations are below 5 mg/l. Potassium concentrations are summarized in Table 3.12 and Figure 3.12. Median concentrations are broadly below 25 mg/l. The highest median concentrations, in excess of 100 mg/l, are found at south east coast stream outfall sites 11 and 14 which are also nitrate and phosphate rich. With the exception of Longueville catchment outlet (site L0) and St Peter's Valley outlet (site P12) and several of the south east coast stream outfalls (11, 14, 16, 20 and 22), maximum concentrations generally do not exceed 50 mg/l. The high maximum concentrations at sites L0 and P12 may relate to sea water incursion; these sites also exhibit high maximum conductivity (Figure 3.3) and chloride (Figure 3.6). 3.1.3 Faecal indicators Geometric mean total coliform concentrations in Jersey streams are generally below 100,000 cfu/100ml (Table 3.13 and Figure 3.13). Exceptions are: Longueville catchment sites L3 and SSI, and south east coast stream outfall site 11. Relatively low geometric mean concentrations are apparent at Longueville catchment site L8, where geometric mean total coliform concentrations are below 100 cfu/100ml. Maximum total coliform concentrations are generally less than 1,000,000 cfu/100ml. Exceptions are: sites L0, L1, L3 and SSI in Longueville catchment, sites R2 and R3 in Rozel catchment, and south east coast stream outfall sites 11 and 16.

7

Table 3.14 and Figure 3.14 summarize the data for faecal coliform concentrations in Jersey streams. With the exception of the following sites: Longueville catchment sites L3 and SSI, Vaux de Lecq sites 2205, 2206 and 2206a and south east coast stream outfall sites 11, 12 and 14, geometric mean faecal coliform concentrations do not exceed 10,000 cfu/ 100 ml. The lowest geometric mean concentrations (< 40 cfu/100ml) are associated with site L8 in the Longueville catchment. The highest maximum concentrations, greater than or equal to 1,000,000 faecal coliforms / 100ml are at south east coast stream outfall site 16 and Rozel catchment site R3. Several other sites have maximum concentrations above 100,000 cfu/100ml (i.e. log10 = 5) (Figure 3.14). Geometric mean faecal streptococci concentrations in Jersey streams are generally below 2000 cfu/100ml (i.e. log10 = 3.3) (Table 3.15 and Figure 3.15). Higher geometric mean faecal streptococci concentrations are found at: Longueville catchment SSI, St Peter's Valley site P1, Vaux de Lecq site 2205, south east coast stream outfall sites 15 and 20, Grouville SSI and Vallée des Vaux SSI. Relatively low geometric mean faecal streptococci concentrations, below 100 cfu/100ml are found at Longueville catchment site L8 and south east coast stream outfall site 22. Maximum faecal streptococci concentrations exceed 100,000 cfu/100ml at a single site: Longueville catchment SSI. 3.2 Relationships with ecological status

Table 3.16 shows the results of simple correlations between water quality variables and ecological indices. Several significant correlations between median / geometric mean water quality parameters and ecological status are apparent, though values of correlation coefficients (r) are low, never exceeding 0.575. This indicates only weak predictive power of the water quality variables to forecast ecological status. The highest level of explained variance (r2) amounts to no more than 33%. All three measures of ecological status show significant positive correlations with median dissolved oxygen (% saturation), the highest correlation being with the Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT). This direct relationship indicates that sites with low median dissolved oxygen support a less diverse macroinvertebrate fauna. Other significant positive relationships are (i) between median stream temperature and the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) score and number of taxa and (ii) between median pH and ASPT. All other significant correlations between water quality and ecological status are negative and, with the exception of conductivity, confined to the ASPT index. Conductivity shows a significant inverse relationship with the number of taxa at a site. These significant inverse relationships broadly indicate that deterioration in water quality, as indexed by increasing pollutant concentrations (e.g. chloride, ammonium, nitrite and faecal indicators), produces lower ASPT values. The low correlation coefficients indicate that variance in ecological status is explained by other physicochemical factors affecting the diversity of macroinvertebrates. Such factors might include recent ecosystem perturbation (e.g. historical pollution events and hydrograph events), habitat diversity and factors such as distance from source and geological substrate which are not reflected by the "available" water quality data (i.e. spot samples) and are dealt with in the accompanying report on the ecological status of Jersey streams. All axis scores from the DECORANA ordination of median / geometric mean water quality data for 42 sites with data for all parameters were below 100, indicating that variations in median / geometric mean water quality values between Jersey sites are relatively small. The DECORANA ordination also shows variations in water quality to 8

be associated with the first two ordination axes (Eigen values, Axis 1: 0.048, Axis 2: 0.017). Subsequent axes had very small Eigen values (less than 0.005) and explained little additional variance in water quality. Spearman's rank correlation between axis scores and water quality parameters / ecological indices were thus restricted to the first two ordination axes (Table 3.17). The results show some highly significant correlations (p < 0.001) between axis scores and water quality parameters. The two variables showing the highest correlations with Axis 1 scores are: median nitrite concentration (r = 0.641) and median dissolved oxygen (% saturation) (r = -0.568). For Axis 2 median nitrate concentration (r = 0.807) and median potassium concentration (r = -0.708) are the most highly correlated variables with axis score. Axis scores are not well correlated with ecological indices, the single significant correlation is between Axis 1 score and ASPT (r = -0.469) (Table 3.17). This relationship may reflect the aforementioned significant negative correlations found between water quality parameters and ASPT (Table 3.16 ). 3.3 Comparisons with EC Directive criteria

Comparisons of Jersey stream water quality data with criteria from relevant EC Directives (Table 2.1) were made by tabulating the number of samples less than or equal to specified values, or within a specified range in the case of pH data. Each table includes the total number of observations (n) for comparison. The data were not assessed in terms of percentage compliance. This was due to the small numbers of observations at some sites for certain parameters and the amalgamation of all available data over a number of years. Comparisons were made for individual sites in each catchment group and for each catchment group as a whole. 3.3.1 General parameters The results of comparisons of pH data from Jersey streams to five sets of criteria from EC Directive standards are shown in Table 3.18. A single result exceeds the water for human consumption MAC value of 9.5 (Rozel catchment, site R0a). The results show that the majority of samples from each catchment comply with the drinking water for abstraction A2/A3 and fresh water for fish life Guide ranges. However, less samples comply with the more stringent (i.e. narrower) Guide ranges of the drinking water for abstraction A1 and water for human consumption Directives. In each catchment group, many values outside these ranges can be ascribed to particular sites: Longueville catchment sites L6 and L8, La Vallée des Mouriers sites M4 and M8, Rozel catchment site R0a, St Peter's Valley headwaters sites P1, P2 and P3, Vaux de Lecq site 2206 and Vallée des Vaux SSI. The south east coast stream outfall group show relatively few values outside the Directive ranges for pH. Very few Jersey stream water samples are below the stringent water for human consumption Guide value for conductivity (Table 3.19). With the exception of the south east coast stream outfalls, relatively few samples exceed the drinking water abstraction Guide levels for conductivity. Locations where these levels are exceeded include catchment outlet sites L0, R0, P12 and P13 which are affected by sea water incursion and the following inland sites: Longueville catchment sites L1 and L3 and Rozel catchment site R5. Only a small proportion of samples from the south east coast stream outfalls (9/54 (16.7%)) had conductivity values less than or equal to the drinking water abstraction Guide value.

9

Comparisons with drinking water abstraction A3 Guide criteria for chemical oxygen demand are shown in Table 3.20. The majority of Jersey stream water results for chemical oxygen demand do not exceed these levels, with all samples from La Vallée des Mouriers showing compliance. Exceedences appear to be more broadly distributed among sites, though Longueville catchment site L3, Rozel catchment sites R0a and R3, St Peter's Valley sites P7a, P12 and P13 and Vaux de Lecq sites 2202 and 2205 show relatively high proportions of samples exceeding the criteria. At sites R0a, P12 and P13 this may relate to the presence of sea water. The south east coast stream outfalls show greater levels of exceedence than other groups. Table 3.21 shows comparisons of Jersey stream data for chloride with Guide concentrations specified in the drinking water abstraction and water for human consumption Directives. All samples exceed the chloride level in water for human consumption. All samples from La Vallée des Mouriers, Vaux de Lecq and other SSI groups had chloride concentrations below the drinking water abstraction Guide values. In the Longueville catchment exceedence of these values was restricted to the catchment outlet (site L0), which is affected by sea water (Table 3.21). This was also the case at the St Peter's Valley outlets (sites P12 and P13). Several samples from the south east coast stream outfall sites 16 to 20 and 22 had chloride values in excess of the EC Directive values. This will relate in part to the proximity of these sites to the sea. 3.3.2 Nutrients Comparisons of Jersey data with EC Directive criteria for ammonium were made at 12 levels of decreasing stringency, the most stringent level being the fresh water for fish Guide value for Salmonids (0.04 mg/l) and the least stringent the water for abstraction A3 Imperative level (4.0 mg/l) (Table 3.22). Overall, very few samples (41/549 (7.4%)) have concentrations below the Salmonid Guide level. In all of the catchment groups, over half of the samples have ammonium concentrations in excess of the Cyprinid Guide value of 0.2 mg/l. In the Longueville catchment only a single sample complied with the Guide values for Salmonids and drinking water abstraction A1 level and over half of samples exceed the water for human consumption MAC of 0.5 mg/l. The single sample from site L2 exceeds even the least stringent standard. One sample, from site M4, exceeds the drinking water abstraction A3 Imperative level in La Vallée des Mouriers. In the Rozel catchment a single sample, from site R3, exceeds all criteria above the drinking water abstraction A3 Guide value of 2.0 mg/l. Two samples from St Peter's Valley, one from each of sites P1 and P11, exceed the drinking water abstraction Imperative level. No samples from Vaux de Lecq exceeded the drinking water abstraction A2 Imperative concentration of 1.5 mg/l. This is also true of the "other SSI" group of sites. Ammonium concentrations in half of the samples from the south east coast stream outfalls exceed the fresh water for fish life Imperative level (1.0 mg/l). No samples from these sites achieve the Salmonid Guide value and only one sample is below the Guide concentration for Cyprinids. Table 3.23 shows the comparison of Jersey stream water data with EC Directive nitrate criteria. Very few samples (21/818(2.6%)) have concentrations below the stringent drinking water abstraction A1 Guide level. Indeed 84% of samples have concentrations in excess of the drinking water abstraction Imperative and water for human consumption MAC (50 mg/l) values for this parameter. In La Vallée des Mouriers samples exceeded the specified nitrate levels in all but one case. Approximately two thirds of samples from the Rozel catchment exceeded the 50 mg/l 10

criterion. In St Peter's Valley the proportion of samples exceeding this level amounted to 87%. Only two samples, of 100, from Vaux de Lecq have nitrate concentrations below any of the specified values. Of the south east coast stream outfall group sites 11, 14 and 22 have no samples with nitrate values below specified values. The "other SSI" group also show a high proportion of samples (72%) with concentrations above the 50 mg/l level. Comparisons of Jersey stream water data with nitrite Guide criteria specified in the fresh water for fish Directive show that very few samples comply (Table 3.24). Indeed many sites (59/78 sites with data) have no compliant results at these levels. Overall, 45% of the nitrite results exceed the less stringent water for human consumption MAC. Sites where all samples exceed this value are: Longueville catchment sites L0, L1 and L7, St Peter's Valley site P3, Vaux de Lecq sites 2204, 2205 and 2206, south east coast stream outfall sites 11 12 14 15 17 19 20 and 21 and Grouville SSI. The results of phosphate determinations for Jersey stream waters show that very few sites have concentrations exceeding the water for human consumption MAC (5.0 mg/l) (Table 3.25). Sites where samples do exceed this level are P1 and P6 in St Peter's Valley and south east coast stream outfall sites 11, 14, 16 and 22. All samples at these six sites exceed the more stringent drinking water abstraction and water for human consumption Guide values. Relatively few samples (23%) have phosphate concentrations below the stringent drinking water abstraction A1 Guide value (0.4 mg/l). Numbers of samples below this level were particularly low in Vaux de Lecq (3%) and the south east coast stream outfalls (12%). However, over half of the samples analysed have phosphate concentrations below the drinking water abstraction A2/A3 criterion (0.7 mg/l) (Table 3.25). Samples with potassium concentrations below the water for human consumption Guide value (10 mg/l) amount to 64% of the 714 results available (Table 3.26). No samples from the south east coast stream outfalls have potassium values below this level and all but four samples from this group have potassium concentrations above the water for human consumption MAC value (12 mg/l). The four samples with potassium concentrations below 12 mg/l came from sites 16 and 21. Numbers of samples complying with the criteria for potassium were particularly high in La Vallée des Mouriers and relatively low in the neighbouring Vaux de Lecq catchment (Table 3.26). 3.3.3 Faecal indicators Table 3.27 provides details of numbers of samples with faecal indicator concentrations at or below Guide concentrations specified in the drinking water abstraction Directive. The results show that the majority of samples exceed the stringent A1 criteria. A notable exception is site L8 in the Longueville catchment. Relatively few samples exceed the "intensive treatment" A3 Guide values.

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4
4.1

Summary and conclusions
Summary

The States of Jersey PSd Pollution Control Unit sampling programme has covered six catchment areas in spatial detail plus a group of sites of special interest giving a total of 80 sampling sites. Tables 4.1 and 4.2 summarise over 9000 analytical results describing stream water quality on Jersey. The Tables provide aggregated figures for each of the seven catchment groups, plus overall values based on all data available. Table 4.1 summarises these data in terms of median/geometric mean and range values whilst Table 4.2 provides comparison with EC Directive criteria detailed in Table 2.1. These Tables allow broad scale comparisons of water quality parameters between the site groups. General water quality parameters indicate that Jersey streams have circumneutral pH with overall median conductivity around 730µS (Table 4.1). Slightly elevated median pH and conductivity are associated with the south east coast stream outfalls. A relatively high proportion of samples pass the relevant EC Directive criteria for pH, conductivity, COD and chloride in surface waters (i.e. the surface water abstraction and fresh water for fish life Directives) (Table 4.2). However, the south east coast stream outfall sites show relatively low proportions of samples below Directive values for conductivity, COD and chloride. Overall median concentrations of ammonium are less than 0.5 mg/l (Table 4.1). The highest median ammonium concentrations (1 mg/l) are associated with the south east coast stream outfalls. Relatively few samples (less than 10%) pass the fresh water for fish life Guide criteria for Salmonids (0.04 mg/l) and the abstraction A1 (i.e. pristine waters) Guide level (0.05 mg/l) for ammonium. Samples from the Longueville catchment and south east coast stream outfalls consistently exceed these levels. Over twice as many samples (19.7%) passed the fresh water for fish life Guide criterion for Cyprinids (0.2 mg/l). Proportions of samples below this level were particularly low in the Longueville catchment and south east coast stream outfall group. A high proportion of samples (96.2 %) pass the least stringent standard for ammonium, the Abstraction A3 Imperative level (i.e. water requiring intensive chemical treatment) (2.0 mg/l). Jersey stream waters show particularly high nitrate concentrations. All median nitrate values in Table 4.1 exceed 50 mg/l, the value shared as the drinking water abstraction Directive Imperative and water for human consumption MAC value. A low proportion of samples (less than 16%) have nitrate concentrations below this level (Table 4.2). The maximum nitrate concentration exceeds 1000 mg/l and is from a south east coast stream outfall site. Overall median concentrations of nitrite are below 0.1 mg/l (Table 4.1). The highest median concentration is found in the south east coast stream outfalls group (0.338 mg/l). All other median nitrite values are below 0.2 mg/l. The maximum value, approaching 40 mg/l, is again associated with the south east coast area. A low proportion of samples (less than 6%) have nitrite concentrations below the Directive Guide criteria for fish life (Table 4.2). The median phosphate concentration for all samples is just below 0.6 mg/l (Table 4.1). The median concentration from the south east outfalls is over double this value (1.7 mg/l). Over half of the results are below the drinking water abstraction A2/A3 Guide value of 0.7 mg/l whilst only 22.87 % of samples have concentrations below the drinking water abstraction A1 level of 0.4 mg/l (Table 4.2). The overall median potassium concentration of 11 mg/l is exceeded markedly by the median for the south 12

east coast stream outfalls (Table 4.1). Moderate numbers of samples have potassium concentrations below the water for human consumption Guide and MAC values. Overall geometric mean faecal indicator concentrations show a typical pattern of decline in the order: total coliforms>faecal coliforms>faecal streptococci (Table 4.1). The La Vallée des Mouriers shows relatively low geometric mean faecal indicator concentrations compared to other groups. Comparison with drinking water abstraction Directive Guide criteria shows relatively few samples (less than 10%) with concentrations below the A1 "pristine waters" faecal indicator criteria and relatively high proportions below the A3 "intensive treatment" criteria of the Directive. Correlation analysis and DECORANA ordination reveal some statistically significant relationships between water quality parameters and indices of ecological status. However, the associations have weak explanatory power and suggest variations in ecological status are influenced by factors other than the limited spot sample results of water quality parameters measured in the PSd survey. 4.2 Conclusions

The analysis of water quality data for Jersey streams show that surface waters in the areas surveyed are far from pristine. With the exception of pH values, relatively few samples meet the drinking water abstraction Directive A1 criteria across the range of parameters analysed. A greater proportion of samples are within the A3 Guide criteria specified for waters requiring intensive chemical treatment prior to supply. A major exception is nitrate, where less than 16% of samples have concentrations below the drinking water abstraction Imperative value (applicable to all three treatment levels) of 50 mg/l. The results also show relatively few samples with parameter concentrations below Guide values specified in the fresh water for fish life Directive. Around 18% of samples even exceed the Imperative ammonium concentration (1.0 mg/l) specified in this Directive. Again, pH is an exception with Jersey streams showing broadly circumneutral pH values. Spatial patterns of water quality between catchment areas show the worst water quality to be associated with the south east coast stream outfalls. These sampling points show particularly high nutrient and faecal indicator concentrations. This may be of significance with respect to shell fisheries using the adjacent coastal waters. Spatial patterns within catchments are complex and individual sites with particularly high concentrations and low compliance with relevant Directive criteria have been highlighted in Section 3. The limited spot sample results of water quality parameters analysed were insufficient to characterize adequately stream ecological status.

13

References EC (1975). “European council directive 75/440/EEC of 16 June 1975 concerning the quality of surface waters intended for the abstraction of drinking waters in the member states.” Official Journal L194: 26-31. EC (1978). “European council directive 78/659/EEC of 18 July 1978 concerning the quality of fresh waters needing protection or improvement in order to support fish life.” Official Journal L222: 1-10. EC (1979). “European council directive 79/869/EEC of 9 December 1979 concerning the methods of measurement and frequencies of sampling and analysis of surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking water in the member states.” Official Journal L271: 45-53. EC (1980). “European council directive 80/778/EEC of 15 July 1980 relating to the quality water intended for human consumption.” Official Journal L194: 26-31. Jones, F., Kay D., and Wyer M. D. (1993). “Assessment of the bacteriological quality of bathing waters and land drainage to the Jersey coastal zone during the 1993 bathing season”. Report to the States of Jersey Public Services Department. 20pp. CREH, University of Leeds. Wyer M. D., Crowther, J. and Kay D. (1995). “Further assessment of non-outfall sources of bacterial indicators to the coastal zone of the island of Jersey”. Report to the States of Jersey Public Services Department. 20pp. CREH, University of Leeds.

14

FIGURES

M3 M2

La Vallée des Mouriers

2200 2201 2201a 2208 2203 2202 Les Pres D'Auvergne Les Vaux de Lecq

M1 M5 M4 M6 M7 M8 P1 2204 2205 2206 2207 P3a P3 St. Peter's Valley P2

Waterworks Valley Grands Vaux / Vallée des Vaux

Rozel catchment P4a P4 R4 P5a R3 P5 P7a P7 P8a Grands Vaux R5 R2 R1 R0a R0

St. Ouën's Bay
St Peter's Valley

P6

St. Catherine's Bay

P9 P11

P9a J 2H Millbrook Vallée des Vaux L5b 20 21

P12

P13

Mean High Water

Mean Low Water

St Helier

L6 L7

Grouville

St. Aubin's Bay St. Brélades Bay Legend PSd Sampling point Site of Special Interest
L0

St. Helier
L2 L4 L1 L3

L5a L5 L8

Queen's Valley

17 18 19

Royal Bay of Grouville

14,15 16 Longueville catchment 12


0 1 km

11 22 South east coast outfalls

Figure 1.1 Stream water quality sampling points

TABLES

Table 2.1
Parameter

Relevant EC Directive compliance criteria
Directive Guide Imperative MAC*

_____________________________________________________________________________ _
pH (pH units) 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A11 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A22 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A33 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Cyprinid 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption 6.5-8.1 5.5-9.0 5.5-9.0 6.5-8.5 -.-.1000 1000 1000 400 -.-.-.-.6.0-9.0 6.0-9.0 -.-.-.-.-.-.-.9.5 -.-.-.-.-.-.-

Conductivity (µS)

Chloride (Cl mg/l)

75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3

200 200 200 25 30

-.-.-.-.-.-

-.-.-.-.-.-

COD (O2 mg/l)

Ammonium (NH4 mg/l)

75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Cyprinid 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Cyprinid

0.05 1.0 2.0 0.05 0.04 0.2 25 -.-.25 -.0.01 0.03

-.1.5 4.0 -.1.0 1.0 50 50 50 -.-.-.-.-

-.-.-.0.5 -.-.-.-.-.50 0.1 -.-.-

Nitrate (NO3 mg/l)

Nitrite (NO2 mg/l)

Notes: * MAC = maximum admissible concentration which should not be exceeded 1 A1 water requiring simple physical treatment 2 A2 water requiring normal chemical treatment and disinfection 3 A3 water requiring intensive chemical treatment Compliance criteria: 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction Imperative 95%, Guide 90% "fail" samples for conductivity, nitrate and ammonium not to deviate by more than 50% of the specified values Imperative and Guide 95% for pH, nitrites and ammonium or 100% if samples are taken with a frequency interval less

78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life than one per month

80/778/EEC Water for human consumption

No samples should exceed MAC values and ideally should not exceed Guide values

Table 2.1
Parameter

Relevant EC Directive compliance criteria (continued)
Directive Guide Imperative MAC*

_____________________________________________________________________________ _
Phosphates (P2O5 mg/l) 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A11 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A22 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A33 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption Potassium (K mg/l) Total coliforms (cfu/100ml) 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.4 10 -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.5.0 12

75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption

50 5000 50000 -.20 2000 20000 -.20 1000 10000 -.-

-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-

-.-.-.0 -.-.-.0 -.-.-.0

Faecal coliforms (cfu/100ml)

Faecal streptococci (cfu/100ml)

Notes: * MAC = maximum admissible concentration which should not be exceeded 1 A1 water requiring simple physical treatment 2 A2 water requiring normal chemical treatment and disinfection 3 A3 water requiring intensive chemical treatment Compliance criteria: 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction Imperative 95%, Guide 90% "fail" samples for phosphates and COD not to deviate by more than 50% of the specified values No samples should exceed MAC values and ideally should not exceed Guide values

80/778/EEC Water for human consumption

Table 3.1
Site

Summary of temperatures (˚C) in Jersey streams
Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Longueville
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI La Vallée des Mouriers M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI Rozel R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI St Peter's Valley P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI 15.40 13.10 7.70 11.00 12.90 9.00 13.75 13.55 12.20 * 12.70 14.65 11.90 12.70 8.50 12.40 13.60 11.80 13.50 13.50 12.85 12.75 8.25 12.05 13.00 13.75 * 11.00 * 10.40 10.70 10.25 13.10 12.70 12.25 14.30 13.50 13.70 15.80 13.70 13.90 12.90 13.60 13.40 12.30 14.30 13.60 13.70 12.20 8.75 8.80 14.05 13.55 4.70 6.70 7.50 3.60 5.00 3.10 4.90 4.70 10.00 * 10.30 8.00 8.70 9.50 8.50 8.10 6.00 6.20 5.70 7.30 8.70 6.40 4.00 5.00 5.30 6.30 * 10.80 * 10.40 10.60 10.20 5.20 6.30 7.80 10.40 5.80 6.50 9.40 6.40 6.30 6.70 7.40 7.40 5.20 7.30 7.40 5.10 7.50 7.40 6.50 4.60 8.20 18.80 18.80 8.90 22.40 18.70 19.70 17.20 19.00 15.60 * 14.90 18.50 17.80 20.60 8.50 14.00 15.90 15.00 16.40 15.10 15.90 17.50 10.70 20.30 18.70 16.50 * 11.20 * 10.40 10.80 10.30 17.50 15.50 16.90 17.10 18.70 18.20 20.10 18.30 19.40 17.80 17.60 18.00 19.20 18.50 17.30 18.70 19.10 19.20 23.90 19.50 20.80 5 14 3 14 15 13 14 14 11 0 14 14 5 7 1 15 15 11 15 15 14 16 6 16 17 14 0 2 0 1 2 2 15 15 14 7 13 13 3 13 13 11 13 11 13 13 13 12 11 6 8 12 14

Table 3.1
Site

Summary of temperatures (˚C) in Jersey streams (continued)
Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 South east coast outfalls 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Other SSI's Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux 11.00 9.55 13.60 11.20 13.00 10.50 12.15 11.60 * 12.60 12.75 12.40 12.35 13.65 * 14.80 12.10 11.30 12.60 12.20 8.30 8.30 14.05 12.15 13.70 14.90 12.45 7.00 5.80 9.40 5.20 6.30 9.20 5.90 9.40 * 11.30 7.70 7.00 7.10 6.50 * 5.40 5.60 5.00 6.00 5.50 5.10 5.30 8.00 7.60 7.80 8.60 7.40 16.60 15.90 16.80 15.60 17.00 14.00 15.80 15.20 * 13.90 15.60 18.40 17.80 17.60 * 18.70 17.60 17.30 17.10 17.90 11.00 10.40 18.50 16.00 20.90 18.70 16.50 11 6 7 13 14 3 14 9 0 2 10 6 6 8 0 7 7 7 8 8 3 3 14 14 14 13 14

Table 3.2
Site

Summary of pH in Jersey streams
Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Longueville
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI La Vallée des Mouriers M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI Rozel R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI St Peter's Valley P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI 7.610 7.360 6.990 7.460 7.015 7.495 7.750 6.870 6.350 * 6.540 7.220 6.920 7.150 6.810 6.300 6.810 6.850 6.970 6.520 6.810 7.080 6.965 7.360 7.505 7.360 6.910 6.960 7.240 6.610 6.715 6.495 7.270 7.055 7.265 6.070 6.430 6.260 6.620 7.080 7.010 7.200 7.250 7.600 7.050 7.125 7.250 7.120 7.470 6.790 7.020 7.395 7.640 7.490 6.520 6.510 6.570 6.770 5.830 6.990 6.080 6.030 * 6.330 6.800 6.250 6.620 6.810 5.940 6.550 6.530 6.670 6.150 6.620 5.640 6.220 6.240 6.270 6.620 6.620 6.290 7.240 6.610 5.910 6.270 6.370 6.190 6.900 5.370 5.540 5.660 6.200 5.940 6.150 6.450 6.280 6.630 6.410 6.340 6.600 6.790 6.710 6.710 6.850 6.740 7.060 7.720 7.590 7.000 8.230 7.380 7.930 8.330 7.700 6.900 * 6.890 8.180 7.660 9.350 6.810 6.910 7.110 7.070 7.290 7.280 7.300 10.040 7.560 7.910 7.890 7.750 7.200 7.900 7.240 6.610 7.310 7.330 7.470 7.430 7.520 7.160 7.010 6.720 6.980 7.380 7.480 7.690 7.680 7.880 8.680 7.570 7.750 7.800 7.780 7.490 8.240 7.960 7.970 5 15 3 15 16 14 15 15 12 0 15 14 5 7 1 15 15 11 15 15 14 19 8 19 20 13 2 4 1 1 4 4 14 14 14 9 15 15 5 15 15 13 15 11 14 14 14 13 12 7 9 14 14

Table 3.2
Site

Summary of pH in Jersey streams (continued)
Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 South east coast outfalls 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Other SSI's Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux 7.180 7.390 7.090 7.100 7.095 6.820 6.715 6.180 6.100 5.990 7.075 7.470 7.905 7.280 * 7.715 7.440 7.430 7.250 7.360 7.255 8.015 7.260 7.020 7.215 7.450 7.225 5.280 6.700 6.080 6.290 6.310 6.630 6.210 5.590 6.100 5.860 6.350 7.180 7.780 6.710 * 7.260 7.230 7.160 6.970 7.120 7.160 7.510 6.750 6.380 6.890 7.060 5.790 7.500 7.760 7.250 7.550 7.450 7.340 7.240 7.330 6.100 6.050 7.400 7.720 8.100 7.830 * 8.210 7.800 7.890 7.530 7.670 7.570 8.390 7.590 7.430 7.710 8.080 7.800 15 6 10 16 18 7 18 12 1 3 10 6 6 9 0 8 7 7 8 8 4 4 14 14 14 14 14

Table 3.3
Site

Summary of conductivity (µS) in Jersey streams
Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Longueville
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI La Vallée des Mouriers M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI Rozel R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI St Peter's Valley P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI 3490 998 802 966 819 809 927 687 791 * 964 848 740 780 725 773 718 730 732 680 700 661 721 573 576 597 * 653 * 37 501 486 518 1033 574 561 516 536 580 572 713 670 637 776 691 922 672 682 660 683 737 707 651 1867 851 703 671 669 468 887 627 767 * 930 596 727 735 725 732 594 702 612 548 609 393 535 540 250 410 * 626 * 37 481 452 441 454 479 525 440 443 544 516 585 606 582 8 622 610 644 609 606 648 652 609 547 9009 1317 875 1065 933 900 969 711 816 * 992 1005 855 862 725 963 771 811 762 764 747 741 1869 636 646 860 * 679 * 37 521 519 559 1091 628 744 612 647 713 641 760 711 730 917 815 936 755 1007 747 889 2810 1712 886 5 14 3 14 15 13 14 14 11 0 14 14 5 7 1 15 15 11 15 15 14 15 6 15 16 13 0 2 0 1 2 2 14 14 14 7 13 13 3 13 13 11 13 11 13 13 13 12 11 6 7 12 14

Table 3.3
Site

Summary of conductivity (µS) in Jersey streams (continued)
Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 South east coast outfalls 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Other SSI's Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux 824 909 778 811 777 762 776 787 * 785 885 2690 1257 3100 * 2000 1490 1145 1295 2740 775 2208 770 528 630 927 567 685 805 683 593 678 734 639 644 * 720 753 1454 1217 2210 * 337 397 684 704 1184 10 2200 627 445 330 720 474 912 950 882 873 838 852 810 813 * 849 951 3350 1285 3895 * 13290 5640 1838 4970 112400 777 2215 820 3980 723 1049 593 11 6 7 13 14 3 14 9 0 2 10 5 5 7 0 6 6 6 7 7 3 2 14 14 14 14 14

Table 3.4
Site

Summary of dissolved oxygen (% saturation) in Jersey streams
Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Longueville
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI La Vallée des Mouriers M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI Rozel R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI St Peter's Valley P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI * 57.00 7.45 56.50 75.50 85.00 86.00 73.50 63.50 * 60.00 79.00 93.00 96.00 96.00 87.00 88.50 88.00 87.00 78.00 91.50 82.00 * 85.50 89.50 88.00 * * * * * * 84.50 91.50 90.50 43.00 79.00 68.00 6.00 89.00 81.00 83.50 88.50 82.00 81.00 87.00 88.00 79.50 86.00 85.00 67.00 77.00 98.00 * 7.47 7.45 7.39 7.37 7.39 49.00 71.00 6.66 * 60.00 52.00 88.00 92.00 96.00 83.00 84.00 78.00 81.00 69.00 82.00 79.00 * 72.00 79.00 80.00 * * * * * * 75.00 82.00 84.00 30.00 64.00 60.00 6.00 84.00 80.00 69.00 82.00 82.00 61.00 79.00 83.00 68.00 70.00 74.00 67.00 77.00 88.00 * 92.00 7.45 92.00 93.00 91.00 94.00 76.00 71.00 * 60.00 122.00 95.00 105.00 96.00 95.00 95.00 94.00 94.00 92.00 99.00 95.00 * 95.00 95.00 100.00 * * * * * * 96.00 99.00 102.00 57.00 100.00 78.00 6.00 102.00 98.00 98.00 97.00 82.00 138.00 100.00 118.00 96.00 99.00 92.00 67.00 77.00 107.00 0 11 1 10 12 9 11 2 8 0 1 7 3 5 1 11 12 7 11 11 8 7 0 6 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 6 8 5 9 9 1 9 9 6 8 1 11 11 11 10 9 3 1 1 8

Table 3.4
Site

Summary of dissolved oxygen (% saturation) in Jersey streams (continued)
Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 South east coast outfalls 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Other SSI's Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux * 87.00 65.50 82.50 89.00 94.00 71.00 37.00 * * 87.50 * * * * * * * * * * * 81.00 90.50 68.00 91.00 94.50 * 86.00 43.00 36.00 42.00 94.00 32.00 15.00 * * 63.00 * * * * * * * * * * * 56.00 85.00 57.00 79.00 91.00 * 93.00 95.00 101.00 96.00 94.00 85.00 68.00 * * 99.00 * * * * * * * * * * * 102.00 98.00 104.00 101.00 100.00 0 3 4 10 9 1 9 5 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 8 8 8

Table 3.5

Summary of chemical oxygen demand (mg/l O2) in Jersey streams
Median Min Max n

Site

____________________________________________________________________ _Longueville
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI La Vallée des Mouriers M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI Rozel R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI St Peter's Valley P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 17 24 25 27 11 14 13 18 9 * 3 21 19 13 7 8 12 18 9 6 14 20 19 16 20 21 26 23 * 40 19 24 24 23 18 14 11 15 29 11 14 16 19 20 15 34 14 20 13 23 32 18 5 1 1 8 1 1 2 6 1 * 1 7 7 10 7 0 5 5 3 2 3 6 13 1 7 2 23 22 * 40 14 11 10 11 7 1 7 3 15 4 2 6 7 12 5 22 4 0 3 11 23 5 27 46 27 35 48 50 25 108 28 * 19 49 25 23 7 45 28 26 26 19 27 80 44 25 50 66 28 25 * 40 24 27 46 54 23 37 47 31 48 25 30 39 104 39 42 56 29 78 28 74 41 86 4 15 3 16 17 14 15 15 12 0 15 13 5 7 1 15 15 11 15 15 12 18 8 18 19 13 2 3 0 1 3 3 14 14 12 9 15 15 5 15 15 13 15 11 15 15 15 14 13 8 10 14

SSI

23

10

44

12

Table 3.5

Summary of chemical oxygen demand (mg/l O2) in Jersey streams (continued)
Median Min Max n

Site

____________________________________________________________________ _
Vaux de Lecq 2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 South east coast outfalls 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Other SSI's Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux 20 12 23 22 20 17 22 15 40 11 14 22 18 29 * 35 32 25 39 31 18 26 23 19 21 26 28 4 3 3 10 13 9 7 5 40 10 7 17 18 14 * 22 17 11 21 15 15 22 7 6 10 14 16 39 22 32 48 57 46 89 28 40 11 43 37 29 48 * 160 59 48 62 48 28 31 45 44 28 49 41 14 5 9 15 17 7 17 11 1 2 10 6 5 8 0 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 13 13 12 13 13

Table 3.6
Site

Summary of chloride concentrations (mg/l Cl) in Jersey streams
Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Longueville catchment
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI Mourier M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI Rozel catchment R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI St Peter's Valley P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI 1164 105 * 101 92 92 95 82 92 * 94 94 91 92 93 98 89 88 89 90 88 77 441 73 69 69 * * * * * * 64 133 69 76 66 67 * 71 87 85 82 102 90 109 83 85 79 86 90 93 81 585 95 * 97 79 87 89 71 86 * 91 70 91 92 93 95 81 86 87 73 80 55 67 66 63 49 * * * * * * 60 123 57 64 61 62 * 67 80 74 71 90 83 79 80 81 76 83 90 80 67 2708 127 * 107 104 109 103 86 92 * 99 101 91 92 93 101 96 97 93 98 95 85 467 80 78 113 * * * * * * 71 140 78 88 71 71 * 75 93 86 87 119 120 126 92 102 90 104 10253 281 89 4 6 0 6 6 4 7 7 3 0 7 6 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 6 7 3 8 8 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 6 2 7 7 0 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 3 3 6 6

Table 3.6
Site

Summary of chloride concentrations (mg/l Cl) in Jersey streams (continued)
Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 South east coast outfalls 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Other SSI's Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux 110 110 100 105 105 98 103 104 * * 108 160 125 164 * 357 333 142 176 866 94 250 86 65 75 108 70 90 106 88 97 87 980 91 89 * * 101 131 123 119 * 186 89 119 139 649 90 188 72 53 69 99 62 113 114 111 111 108 980 110 105 * * 113 189 129 200 * 769 830 363 1240 2334 117 286 90 70 90 129 76 5 2 2 7 7 1 7 3 0 0 7 4 4 4 0 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 6 6 6 6 6

Table 3.7

Summary of ammonium concentrations (mg/l NH4) in Jersey streams
Median Min Max n

Site

____________________________________________________________________ _Longueville
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI La Vallée des Mouriers M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI Rozel R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI St Peter's Valley P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 0.9130 1.1510 21.7650 0.6680 0.4842 0.4580 0.2010 0.2923 0.3310 * 0.3070 0.6310 0.3080 0.4330 0.0592 0.4010 0.4550 0.2949 0.3480 0.3630 0.4370 0.4860 1.4040 0.5150 0.5110 0.5280 * * * * * * 0.4720 0.5290 0.4301 1.4400 0.4350 0.5070 * 0.2228 0.2640 0.3632 0.2949 0.3928 0.4018 0.3840 0.3300 0.4237 0.3460 0.6600 0.5740 0.4604 0.5780 0.4430 21.7650 0.2610 0.0116 0.0120 0.0120 0.0116 0.0631 * 0.0120 0.2820 0.2650 0.1510 0.0592 0.0120 0.0460 0.0837 0.0280 0.0120 0.0010 0.0320 0.3900 0.0280 0.0300 0.0120 * * * * * * 0.0013 0.0120 0.0116 0.1100 0.0280 0.2870 * 0.0116 0.0120 0.1494 0.0116 0.1069 0.1326 0.0400 0.0010 0.0245 0.0810 0.6200 0.0630 0.0631 1.8530 3.1420 21.7650 1.8980 0.8809 1.1590 1.6190 0.9285 0.6014 * 1.9830 1.2505 0.6880 2.4470 0.0592 4.1350 1.7270 0.7598 1.8220 1.4660 1.2030 1.9150 2.0370 1.7370 1.8350 10.6270 * * * * * * 0.9311 1.5450 0.6066 6.6300 1.1590 3.1730 * 0.6967 1.4280 0.7418 0.5538 0.9092 0.9891 1.2720 1.8040 0.7714 1.3560 7.9000 1.1900 0.8332 5 9 1 10 11 8 11 10 6 0 11 9 3 5 1 13 13 9 13 13 9 11 3 11 12 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 12 9 3 8 9 0 9 9 8 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 3 4 8

SSI

0.6560

0.0120

1.3570

9

Table 3.7

Summary of ammonium concentrations (mg/l NH4) in Jersey streams (continued)
Median Min Max n

Site

____________________________________________________________________ _Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 South east coast outfalls 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Other SSI's Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux 0.3650 0.3700 0.5420 0.3170 0.4950 0.4600 0.6690 0.5630 * 0.1249 0.4450 3.1530 1.1020 1.8000 * 2.4190 0.5740 0.5220 1.0010 0.7590 0.5070 0.5410 0.8060 0.4740 0.7160 0.3014 0.4958 0.0000 0.0980 0.1160 0.0120 0.1670 0.2510 0.3570 0.3010 * 0.1249 0.0296 0.4820 0.4840 0.6300 * 0.9230 0.3050 0.3270 0.5040 0.5160 0.2790 0.1850 0.0840 0.0010 0.0120 0.0013 0.0116 1.3640 0.9130 0.8630 1.2350 1.2630 0.6700 3.0770 1.1680 * 0.1249 0.7508 5.4550 3.0740 16.9600 * 3.5720 3.0140 3.2270 3.8090 3.0900 2.9980 2.7680 1.4270 1.1440 1.6780 0.9594 0.8062 8 4 4 11 11 2 12 6 0 1 10 6 5 7 0 6 6 5 6 6 4 3 9 9 9 9 9

Table 3.8
Site

Summary of nitrate concentrations (mg/l NO3) in Jersey streams
Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Longueville
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI La Vallée des Mouriers M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI Rozel R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI St Peter's Valley P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI 52.68 57.77 * 63.97 82.78 62.86 106.24 88.98 103.14 * 109.34 69.94 121.29 111.56 113.33 104.03 114.21 125.72 121.29 110.67 114.65 80.57 64.63 50.47 52.46 59.76 39.62 67.73 63.75 4.87 54.23 53.79 35.86 216.90 52.68 53.34 60.43 68.39 8.63 67.29 105.58 65.07 86.54 78.35 64.85 88.98 81.67 66.84 60.65 72.16 63.30 62.86 63.30 30.10 29.66 * 46.04 68.17 11.07 97.39 51.35 97.39 * 100.49 27.89 101.37 86.77 113.33 94.73 81.45 119.52 81.45 69.94 77.47 34.97 28.77 29.22 33.64 22.13 35.41 55.78 63.75 4.87 50.02 44.71 17.26 110.7 42.05 24.35 32.32 47.81 0.44 49.58 73.48 44.71 40.28 56.22 42.50 61.53 69.06 27.89 36.74 68.62 7.53 17.26 40.28 59.76 75.26 * 83.67 116.42 71.71 119.97 100.49 107.57 * 116.87 81.90 125.72 126.61 113.33 123.51 126.61 131.48 126.61 123.51 201.86 100.49 75.70 69.06 69.06 67.29 43.83 87.21 63.75 4.87 55.78 62.42 56.22 256.8 63.30 63.75 74.81 91.63 19.48 81.90 118.20 87.65 131.92 107.57 87.65 107.57 91.63 88.98 82.34 101.82 82.34 84.99 86.77 5 14 0 14 15 12 15 15 11 0 15 15 5 8 1 15 15 11 15 15 15 19 8 19 20 13 2 4 1 1 4 4 14 14 15 8 14 14 4 14 14 12 14 11 14 14 14 13 12 7 9 13 15

Table 3.8

Summary of nitrate concentrations (mg/l NO3) in Jersey streams (continued)
Median Min Max n

Site

____________________________________________________________________ _Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 South east coast outfalls 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Other SSI's Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux 117.75 154.05 106.24 121.29 99.60 119.50 115.10 123.06 121.74 115.98 159.81 633.00 57.77 815.00 * 24.60 41.61 53.79 75.70 44.71 56.88 287.70 57.99 52.24 57.55 119.52 56.66 90.44 131.92 85.44 83.67 20.06 31.00 79.77 112.00 121.74 110.67 131.92 106.00 41.17 193.00 * 4.40 29.22 48.69 28.30 22.58 41.61 105.80 36.30 22.13 36.30 57.55 23.90 159.36 169.10 140.77 135.46 140.77 140.80 140.77 135.46 121.74 121.29 212.49 1124.00 73.48 1169.00 * 99.20 56.66 83.67 96.50 62.86 62.86 345.30 78.35 67.73 65.07 165.12 65.96 13 5 8 13 16 6 16 10 1 2 10 6 6 7 0 6 6 6 7 7 4 3 15 15 15 15 15

Table 3.9
Site

Summary of nitrite concentrations (mg/l NO2) in Jersey streams
Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Longueville
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI La Vallée des Mouriers M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI Rozel R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI St Peter's Valley P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI 0.2956 0.2989 * 0.2299 0.0657 0.0985 0.0985 0.0985 0.0985 * 0.0066 0.2300 0.0755 0.1640 0.0328 0.0329 0.0434 0.0329 0.0657 0.0657 0.0657 0.1314 0.1314 0.0985 0.0657 0.0330 * * * * * * 0.0328 0.0329 0.0657 0.3380 0.1314 0.2299 * 0.0985 0.1642 0.1314 0.0985 0.1310 0.1642 0.0329 0.0329 0.0985 0.0329 0.0985 0.2135 0.0985 0.0690 0.1642 0.1971 * 0.0985 0.0263 0.0460 0.0328 0.0328 0.0328 * 0.0033 0.0330 0.0657 0.0660 0.0328 0.0000 0.0329 0.0329 0.0329 0.0328 0.0329 0.0657 0.0657 0.0328 0.0296 0.0100 * * * * * * 0.0066 0.0000 0.0296 0.0660 0.0985 0.1314 * 0.0328 0.0985 0.0985 0.0328 0.0000 0.0328 0.0329 0.0000 0.0328 0.0329 0.0657 0.0657 0.0328 0.0591 0.4598 0.8211 * 0.8211 0.1314 0.3941 0.4336 0.6898 0.1314 * 0.0329 0.9530 0.1031 0.6930 0.0328 0.0759 0.1314 0.0985 0.0985 0.2299 0.1051 0.3613 0.3285 0.2299 0.9197 1.7740 * * * * * * 0.2299 0.0985 0.0657 2.3650 0.2956 0.4270 * 0.2299 0.3285 0.3613 0.2299 1.7150 0.3613 0.0985 0.0657 0.2562 0.0985 0.1642 0.3613 0.7587 0.1971 5 10 0 10 11 8 11 10 6 0 11 9 3 5 1 13 13 9 13 13 9 11 3 11 12 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 12 9 3 9 9 0 9 9 8 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 3 4 8 9

Table 3.9

Summary of nitrite concentrations (mg/l NO2) in Jersey streams (continued)
Median Min Max n

Site

____________________________________________________________________ _Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 South east coast outfalls 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Other SSI's Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux 0.0690 0.0657 0.2808 0.0328 0.2628 0.4940 0.6569 0.8670 * 0.0526 0.0657 0.7230 0.4110 0.9400 * 0.4600 0.2956 0.1970 0.2070 0.2529 0.1642 0.2630 0.2628 0.0985 0.1314 0.1642 0.0985 0.0000 0.0329 0.0328 0.0230 0.0328 0.3940 0.1971 0.2300 * 0.0525 0.0000 0.1310 0.1970 0.2600 * 0.0330 0.1379 0.0330 0.1640 0.1971 0.1642 0.0660 0.1248 0.0328 0.0328 0.0328 0.0657 0.3153 0.0657 0.4073 0.4270 0.5912 0.5940 1.0872 1.1500 * 0.0526 0.0985 3.5470 6.0600 8.7400 * 4.0010 0.5682 1.0310 1.3340 0.6011 0.2956 0.6240 0.3941 0.2956 0.3941 0.5912 0.2628 9 4 4 11 11 2 12 6 0 1 10 5 6 6 0 6 5 6 7 7 3 3 9 9 9 9 9

Table 3.10 Summary of ortho-phosphate concentrations (mg/l P2O5) in Jersey streams
Site Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Longueville
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI La Vallée des Mouriers M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI Rozel R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI St Peter's Valley P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 0.825 1.512 * 0.390 0.687 0.825 0.504 0.183 0.412 * 0.183 0.917 0.092 0.321 0.183 0.321 0.412 0.275 0.412 0.458 0.504 2.039 0.733 0.481 0.642 0.435 * * * * * * 0.825 0.642 0.504 2.980 0.596 0.412 * 0.367 0.435 0.733 0.367 9.810 0.871 3.116 0.458 0.504 0.573 0.504 0.962 0.642 0.504 0.642 * 0.046 0.367 0.137 0.275 0.092 0.367 * 0.092 0.137 0.092 0.137 0.183 0.183 0.229 0.183 0.183 0.275 0.321 0.962 0.642 0.138 0.275 0.183 * * * * * * 0.367 0.367 0.229 2.150 0.138 0.183 * 0.183 0.138 0.183 0.275 4.400 0.229 0.504 0.320 0.229 0.412 0.321 0.367 0.229 1.833 2.337 * 1.375 2.154 1.375 1.925 0.917 0.642 * 1.146 2.979 0.092 0.504 0.183 0.412 0.962 0.825 0.733 0.962 1.650 3.666 1.054 0.779 1.192 4.170 * * * * * * 1.604 1.467 1.192 13.750 0.733 0.642 * 0.779 0.550 1.237 0.687 22.910 2.108 4.216 0.550 1.100 1.008 1.146 2.016 1.421 5 8 0 8 9 6 9 9 5 0 9 14 1 3 1 11 11 9 11 11 14 10 3 10 11 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 14 3 8 8 0 8 8 7 8 8 9 9 10 9 8 3 5 9

SSI

0.687

0.275

2.612

14

Table 3.10 Summary of ortho-phosphate concentrations (mg/l P2O5) in Jersey streams (continued)
Site Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 South east coast outfalls 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Other SSI's Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux 0.642 0.825 0.962 0.549 0.824 1.054 1.008 0.733 * * 0.733 20.200 1.902 32.100 * 4.220 1.329 0.504 1.306 0.596 0.435 8.160 0.756 0.596 0.435 1.810 0.665 0.504 0.550 0.596 0.366 0.275 1.054 0.550 0.458 * * 0.504 5.600 1.146 19.200 * 1.100 1.008 0.321 0.504 0.092 0.092 3.210 0.229 0.275 0.000 1.100 0.138 1.283 1.146 1.466 1.283 1.146 1.054 2.062 1.833 * * 1.146 94.400 2.704 172.300 * 16.960 2.200 0.687 2.795 1.696 0.687 9.990 3.300 1.467 1.467 4.124 1.283 7 5 4 9 10 1 10 5 0 0 10 6 6 6 0 5 5 5 6 6 4 3 14 14 14 14 14

Table 3.11 Summary of total phosphate concentrations (mg/l P) in Jersey streams
Site Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Longueville
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI La Vallée des Mouriers M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI Rozel R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI St Peter's Valley P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 * 0.2150 * 0.2200 0.2500 0.1450 0.1450 0.2550 0.2650 * 0.0400 * 0.1000 0.0400 * 0.0500 0.1100 0.0800 0.1100 0.0900 * 0.4050 0.2100 0.1400 0.1200 0.1000 * 0.2300 0.1600 0.8100 0.1600 0.1250 0.1400 0.1500 * 0.1300 0.1250 0.1550 0.4750 0.1500 0.2100 0.2100 0.1900 3.4800 0.2900 1.0100 0.1300 0.2600 0.2800 0.4800 0.5100 0.1800 * 0.2000 * 0.1600 0.1700 0.1000 0.0300 0.1200 0.1200 * 0.0200 * 0.0300 0.0300 * 0.0500 0.1100 0.0800 0.1000 0.0600 * 0.1400 0.2100 0.1100 0.1000 0.10000 * 0.0800 0.1600 0.8100 0.0600 0.1200 0.1200 0.1000 * 0.0800 0.0700 0.1300 0.2600 0.1000 0.1300 0.1600 0.1000 2.1900 0.2500 0.4700 0.0900 0.0400 0.2700 0.4300 0.3300 0.1700 * 0.2500 * 0.6900 1.6000 0.2700 0.1700 1.0300 0.3700 * 0.1100 * 0.1600 0.1000 * 0.2100 0.1400 0.0800 0.1200 0.1200 * 0.6800 0.2700 0.3000 0.2100 0.1200 * 0.2400 0.1600 0.8100 0.2600 0.1300 0.2000 0.2600 * 0.2000 0.1900 0.2400 0.6900 0.1800 1.7600 0.3000 0.3300 3.8800 1.0300 1.4200 0.1600 0.3900 0.3000 0.5300 1.8200 0.2800 0 4 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 4 0 3 3 0 3 3 1 3 3 0 6 3 6 6 3 0 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 0 3 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3

SSI

*

*

*

0

Table 3.11 Summary of total phosphate concentrations (mg/l P) in Jersey streams (continued)
Site Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 South east coast outfalls 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Other SSI's Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux 0.2150 * 0.0600 0.1300 0.2400 0.1400 0.3250 0.1850 * 0.0700 * * * 2.1400 * 2.3900 0.5100 0.7500 0.5100 0.4300 * * * * * * * 0.1900 * 0.0600 0.1000 0.2400 0.1400 0.1900 0.1100 * 0.0700 * * * 2.1400 * 2.3900 0.5100 0.7500 0.5100 0.4300 * * * * * * * 0.2400 * 0.0600 3.2200 0.2400 0.1400 0.4600 0.2600 * 0.0700 * * * 2.1400 * 2.3900 0.5100 0.7500 0.5100 0.4300 * * * * * * * 2 0 1 3 2 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 3.12 Summary of potassium concentrations (mg/l K) in Jersey streams
Site Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Longueville
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI La Vallée des Mouriers M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI Rozel R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI St Peter's Valley P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI 31.00 15.00 * 9.00 11.00 11.00 4.00 12.00 8.00 * 2.00 10.50 5.50 7.00 8.00 6.00 8.00 7.50 6.00 6.00 7.00 14.00 13.00 11.00 11.00 12.00 * 14.00 12.00 4.00 10.00 8.00 11.00 9.00 10.50 11.50 9.00 9.00 27.50 9.00 11.00 10.00 12.00 15.00 11.00 29.50 11.50 10.00 10.00 13.00 17.00 11.00 11.00 21.00 5.00 * 5.00 8.00 9.00 2.00 7.00 6.00 * 1.00 7.00 3.00 3.00 8.00 3.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 11.00 11.00 7.00 9.00 10.00 * 14.00 12.00 4.00 9.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 25.00 7.00 10.00 9.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 12.00 10.00 2.00 6.00 11.00 11.00 9.00 7.00 50.00 35.00 * 10.00 21.00 14.00 6.00 20.00 10.00 * 3.00 15.00 9.00 7.00 8.00 7.00 11.00 13.00 10.00 8.00 12.00 18.00 40.00 13.00 16.00 47.00 * 30.00 12.00 4.00 12.00 9.00 14.00 14.00 13.00 29.00 10.00 11.00 30.00 11.00 12.00 12.00 19.00 19.00 27.00 35.00 13.00 13.00 12.00 37.00 300.00 19.00 25.00 5 12 0 12 13 10 13 13 9 0 13 14 4 6 1 14 14 10 14 14 14 16 6 16 17 13 0 3 1 1 3 3 14 14 14 6 12 12 2 12 12 10 12 11 12 12 12 11 10 5 7 11 14

Table 3.12 Summary of potassium concentrations (mg/l K) in Jersey streams (continued)
Site Median Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 South east coast outfalls 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Other SSI's Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux 17.00 22.00 14.00 7.00 12.50 14.00 14.00 11.00 * 4.00 24.00 107.00 24.00 200.00 * 28.50 27.50 22.00 28.00 29.00 11.50 47.00 11.50 13.00 13.00 28.00 10.00 14.00 14.00 11.00 6.00 6.00 13.00 11.00 9.00 * 4.00 21.00 46.00 20.00 80.00 * 11.00 14.00 19.00 21.00 14.00 11.00 39.00 5.00 10.00 8.00 3.00 7.00 23.00 23.00 25.00 40.00 17.00 15.00 19.00 15.00 * 4.00 27.00 330.00 26.00 420.00 * 61.00 45.00 34.00 41.00 54.00 17.00 78.00 26.00 45.00 16.00 31.00 14.00 9 5 5 12 12 2 12 7 0 1 10 6 6 7 0 6 6 6 7 7 4 3 14 14 14 14 14

Table 3.13 Summary of total coliform concentrations (cfu/100ml) in Jersey streams
Site Geometric mean Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Longueville
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI La Vallée des Mouriers M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI Rozel R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI 50582 70469 10902 116413 49317 7261 12303 4842 16255 * 11 107647 2188 1276 2000 1637 5957 4140 5200 4121 8453 34594 7962 6209 8054 12882 3636 7015 7838 137273 3664 3483 4416 6808 7586 6306 3273 10901 10991 2273 909 818 400 2793 * 1 28182 100 27 2000 171 2000 700 1018 410 455 4300 2909 1091 1364 818 3636 1455 7838 137273 300 273 727 900 1000 2000000 1000000 10901 1520000 490000 140541 52727 96364 41818 * 126 1090000 10455 12182 2000 6455 95000 15455 43000 236000 800000 340000 40909 160000 2720000 10400000 3636 51818 7838 137273 97273 16036 30000 41818 34545 5 13 1 13 14 12 14 14 10 0 14 10 5 7 1 15 15 11 15 15 11 17 7 18 19 13 1 4 1 1 4 4 14 14 10

Table 3.13 Summary of total coliform concentrations (cfu/100ml) in Jersey streams (continued)
Site Geometric mean Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _St Peter's Valley
P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI Vaux de Lecq 2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 South east coast outfalls 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Other SSI's Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux 24774 5058 17458 10423 2858 16181 9712 10423 6295 6318 12764 10375 6353 6936 7088 10641 20193 35563 13868 7096 18197 6053 13092 5445 41591 17742 15456 18561 3954 109648 79068 70307 45457 90365 30339 5834 12134 25882 9519 2864 24946 11403 32211 28379 21777 2909 800 2636 4054 800 3636 2883 3000 1273 1091 3727 2545 1000 3243 6036 5182 6937 9000 4324 3182 2000 300 1200 1182 6818 1364 15455 18559 409 27000 19091 11818 45455 1000 3000 364 1045 6273 7545 1100 3545 1000 4414 2000 6364 135135 44545 83636 56000 16364 124545 27000 62727 37273 15455 76364 40909 170000 23636 8273 47273 45455 127273 360000 40000 221818 91818 650000 12000 730000 320000 15455 18559 28182 1180000 418182 500000 45455 18900000 463636 336364 290909 390909 11261 7921 640000 210000 590000 400000 220000 6 12 12 3 12 12 11 12 10 12 12 12 11 10 5 7 11 11 12 6 8 13 15 4 15 10 1 1 10 6 6 12 1 11 8 8 9 9 5 6 10 10 11 11 10

Table 3.14 Summary of faecal coliform concentrations (cfu/100ml) in Jersey streams
Site Geometric mean Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Longueville
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI La Vallée des Mouriers M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI Rozel R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI 2825 3614 3728 14622 2416 489 794 90 3083 * 2 11272 223 144 64 65 861 682 1146 615 968 3864 1052 621 1690 2344 405 659 523 20000 430 348 687 859 1368 676 509 3727 1909 469 70 45 10 173 * 1 2342 10 10 64. 10 227 118 162 91 391 100 173 60 200 100 405 190 523 20000 36 55 100 100 300 20000 162000 3727 262000 19000 7400 13364 5182 31000 * 10 97273 1441 910 64. 586 21000 5818 35000 34000 3546 190000 17000 24000 392000 3040000 405 12182 523 20000 12364 7182 7364 5091 5586 5 13 1 13 14 12 14 14 10 0 14 11 5 7 1 15 15 11 15 15 11 18 7 18 19 13 1 4 1 1 4 4 14 14 11

Table 3.14 Summary of faecal coliform concentrations (cfu/100ml) in Jersey streams (continued)
Site Geometric mean Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _St Peter's Valley
P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI Vaux de Lecq 2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 South east coast outfalls 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Other SSI's Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux 8811 1059 7674 3312 918 4305 2089 2685 944 1413 4467 473 1085 732 1067 1422 3750 4467 1416 453 2443 412 2168 1517 14488 22598 35148 3636 364 132134 28844 41024 838 2168 2361 719 1702 8892 2296 88 6486 2904 6887 3034 9526 1109 391 784 80 255 541 600 455 100 455 928 100 396 264 164 255 676 1545 200 200 100 70 50 800 2545 145 3514. 3636 100 991 455 291 838 82 127 55 191 1455 927 10 1000 486 909 300 2727 164000 15909 30000 882 4545 18182 5818 14000 17364 6636 29000 2909 3091 2455 11000 11727 18364 81818 42000 1545 54000 6909 62000 3818 108000 49000 3514 3636 937 156000 138000 230000 838 1000000 200000 405455 68182 230909 3727 282 101818 11712 95000 100000 23636 7 13 13 3 12 13 11 13 11 12 11 12 11 10 5 7 11 11 12 6 8 13 15 4 15 10 1 1 10 6 6 12 1 11 8 8 9 9 5 6 11 11 11 11 11

Table 3.15 Summary of faecal streptococci concentrations (cfu/100ml) in Jersey streams
Site Geometric mean Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _Longueville
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI La Vallée des Mouriers M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI Rozel R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI 352 520 345 577 307 184 373 37 773 * 2 3055 161 59 50 43 286 296 498 254 656 893 568 274 456 481 * 242 * 9909 277 195 218 365 789 109 91 345 218 30 18 20 10 55 * 1 100 10 10 50 3 20 20 55 10 91 17 36 18 10 30 * 10 * 9909 70 10 10 10 50 682 7100 345 1900 5000 2591 7100 600 39200 * 10 512000 918 445 50 700 16400 1460 15106 21200 4000 70000 25300 2700 82000 22400 * 6727 * 9909 564 2000 2100 6382 57000 5 13 1 13 14 11 14 14 10 0 13 10 5 7 1 15 15 11 15 15 10 15 6 15 16 13 0 3 0 1 3 3 14 13 10

Table 3.15 Summary of faecal streptococci concentrations (cfu/100ml) in Jersey streams (continued)
Site Geometric mean Min Max n

____________________________________________________________________ _St Peter's Valley
P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI Vaux de Lecq 2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 South east coast outfalls 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Other SSI's Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux 2089 421 1247 254 267 798 521 511 259 373 1239 107 505 399 387 630 1170 891 826 182 1714 227 1778 973 6152 735 323 1718 378 1986 195 1545 2355 1021 929 198 989 2004 643 36 5058 1151 1959 1067 5420 227 20 82 146 20 100 109 40 10 110 70 10 100 80 45 100 209 100 27 30 100 10 100 209 655 10 323 1718 20 400 10 140 2355 50 82 10 100 364 236 10 855 291 200 173 1909 4700 14400 27700 591 2000 11000 3900 19600 8000 4000 45200 1164 4500 5500 5800 5600 5800 4091 19100 1109 10000 3800 46600 3600 76000 26500 323 1718 43000 10909 13636 17400 2355 41000 52000 21636 52000 20545 1300 118 51000 3091 19800 35000 13364 7 13 13 3 13 13 11 13 11 12 12 12 10 10 5 7 11 10 12 5 8 13 15 4 15 10 1 1 10 6 6 10 1 9 8 8 9 9 5 4 10 10 10 10 10

Table 3.16

Pearson correlations (r) between median values of water quality parameters (PSd and CREH data) and ecological index values from macroinvertebrate analysis
BMWP1 0.288* 0.176 -0.324* 0.425* -0.052 -0.089 -0.220 -0.090 0.013 -0.108 -0.217 0.064 -0.206 -0.119 0.119 Ecological Index ASPT2 0.221 0.264 -0.259 0.575* -0.111 -0.202* -0.297* -0.152 -0.268 -0.102 0.030 0.020 -0.515* -0.375* -0.027 Taxa3 0.346* 0.192 -0.357* 0.306* -0.022 -0.078 -0.189 -0.087 0.147 -0.067 -0.222 0.100 -0.130 -0.032 0.168

Parameter Temperature pH Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chemical Oxygen Demand Chloride Ammonium Nitrate Nitrite Phosphate Total phosphate Potassium Total coliforms Faecal coliforms Faecal streptococci

n† 56 56 56 44 45 43 45 55 44 43 35 44 56 56 55

_______________________________________________________________

1 BMWP = Biological monitoring Working Party score 2 ASPT = Average Score Per Taxon 3 Taxa = number of taxa † n = number of sites * p < 0.05

Table 3.17

Spearman rank correlations between DECORANA axis scores (from ordination of water quality parameters) and water quality parameters and ecological indices using data from 42 sites with data for all parameters
Axis 1 0.182 -0.317* 0.479** -0.568*** 0.165 0.530*** 0.334* 0.311* 0.641*** 0.397** 0.316* 0.501*** 0.538*** 0.479** -0.314* -0.469** -0.156 Axis 2 -0.382* -0.409** 0.551*** 0.074 -0.506*** 0.515*** -0.497*** 0.805*** -0.338* -0.530*** -0.708*** -0.455** -0.571*** -0.530*** 0.098 0.066 0.063

Parameter Temperature pH Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chemical Oxygen Demand Chloride Ammonium Nitrate Nitrite Phosphate Potassium Total coliforms Faecal coliforms Faecal streptococci BMWP1 ASPT2 Taxa3

______________________________________________

1 BMWP = Biological Monitoring Working Party score 2 ASPT = Average Score Per Taxon 3 Taxa = number of taxa * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01

*** p < 0.001

Table 3.18 Numbers of samples within pH ranges or not exceeding maximum admissible values specified in EC Directives
pH 6.5-8.11 pH 5.5-9.02 pH 6.5-8.53 pH �9.54 pH 6.0-9.05

Site

n*

_________________________________________________________________
Longueville catchment
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI All 5 15 3 14 16 13 13 14 4 9 13 119 5 15 3 15 16 14 15 15 12 15 14 139 5 15 3 15 16 13 15 14 4 9 14 123 5 15 3 15 16 14 15 15 12 15 14 139 5 15 3 15 16 13 15 15 12 15 14 138 5 15 3 15 16 14 15 15 12 0 15 14 139

La Vallée des Mouriers
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI All 4 5 1 4 15 11 15 8 14 77 5 5 1 15 15 11 15 15 14 96 4 5 1 4 15 11 15 8 14 77 5 7 1 15 15 11 15 15 14 98 5 5 1 11 15 11 15 15 14 92 5 7 1 15 15 11 15 15 14 98

Rozel catchment
R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI All 1 2 3 4 5 * 14 6 16 19 13 2 2 1 1 3 2 13 13 14 119 18 8 19 20 13 2 4 1 1 4 4 14 14 14 136 14 6 16 19 13 2 2 1 1 3 2 13 13 14 119 18 8 19 20 13 2 4 1 1 4 4 14 14 14 136 16 8 19 20 13 2 4 1 1 3 4 14 14 14 133 19 8 19 20 13 2 4 1 1 4 4 14 14 14 137

Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, A3 Guide Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, MAC Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid and Cyprinid, Guide n = number of observations

Table 3.18 Numbers of samples within pH ranges or not exceeding maximum admissible values specified in EC Directives (continued)
pH 6.5-8.11 pH 5.5-9.02 pH 6.5-8.53 pH �9.54 pH 6.0-9.05

Site St Peter's Valley
P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI All

n*

_________________________________________________________________
2 6 4 3 12 13 11 13 11 12 12 14 13 12 7 7 14 14 180 8 15 15 5 15 15 13 15 11 14 14 14 13 12 7 9 14 14 223 2 6 4 3 12 13 11 13 11 12 12 14 13 12 7 9 14 14 182 9 15 15 5 15 15 13 15 11 14 14 14 13 12 7 9 14 14 224 6 12 13 5 14 15 13 15 11 14 14 14 13 12 7 9 14 14 215 9 15 15 5 15 15 13 15 11 14 14 14 13 12 7 9 14 14 224

Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 All 13 6 8 14 17 7 17 2 0 0 9 93 14 6 10 16 18 7 18 12 1 3 10 115 13 6 8 14 17 7 17 2 0 0 9 93 15 6 10 16 18 7 18 12 1 3 10 116 14 6 10 16 18 7 18 8 1 1 10 109 15 6 10 16 18 7 18 12 1 3 10 116

South east coast outfalls
11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 All 6 6 9 7 7 7 8 8 4 3 65 6 6 9 8 7 7 8 8 4 4 67 6 6 9 8 7 7 8 8 4 4 67 6 6 9 8 7 7 8 8 4 4 67 6 6 9 8 7 7 8 8 4 4 67 6 6 9 0 8 7 7 8 8 4 4 67

Other SSI's
Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux All 1 2 3 4 14 12 14 14 10 64 14 14 14 14 14 70 14 12 14 14 10 64 14 14 14 14 14 70 14 14 14 14 13 69 14 14 14 14 14 70

Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, A3 Guide Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, MAC

5 Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid and Cyprinid, Guide * n = number of observations

Table 3.19 Numbers of samples � conductivity values specified in EC Directives
Conductivity �1000µS1 Conductivity �1500µS2 Conductivity �400µS3

Site

n*

_________________________________________________________________
Longueville catchment
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI All 0 7 3 10 15 13 14 14 11 14 13 114 0 14 3 14 15 13 14 14 11 14 14 126 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 14 3 14 15 13 14 14 11 0 14 14 131

La Vallée des Mouriers
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI All 5 7 1 15 15 11 15 15 14 98 5 7 1 15 15 11 15 15 14 98 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 7 1 15 15 11 15 15 14 98

Rozel catchment
R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI All 1 2 3 * 15 4 15 16 13 0 2 1 2 2 14 3 14 101 15 4 15 16 13 0 2 1 2 2 14 14 14 112 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 15 6 15 16 13 0 2 0 1 2 2 14 14 14 114

Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, Guide + 50% Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide n = number of observations

Table 3.19 Numbers of samples � conductivity values specified in EC Directives (continued)
Conductivity �1000µS1 Conductivity �1500µS2 Conductivity �400µS3

Site St Peter's Valley
P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI All

n*

_________________________________________________________________
7 13 13 3 13 13 11 13 11 13 13 13 11 11 6 5 10 14 193 7 13 13 3 13 13 11 13 11 13 13 13 12 11 6 5 11 14 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 13 13 3 13 13 11 13 11 13 13 13 12 11 6 7 12 14 198

Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 All 11 6 7 13 14 3 14 9 2 10 89 11 6 7 13 14 3 14 9 2 10 89 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 6 7 13 14 3 14 9 0 2 10 89

South east coast outfalls
11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 All 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 2 0 3 0 9 1 5 0 0 2 3 5 4 2 3 0 25 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 5 5 7 0 6 6 6 7 7 3 2 54

Other SSI's
Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux All 1 2 3 * 14 13 14 12 14 67 14 13 14 14 14 69 0 0 1 0 0 1 14 14 14 14 14 70

Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, Guide + 50% Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide n = number of observations

Table 3.20 Numbers of samples � chemical oxygen demand (COD) values specified in EC Directives
COD �30mg/l O21 COD �45mg/l O22

Site

n*

_________________________________________________
Longueville catchment
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI All 4 13 3 11 16 13 15 10 12 15 10 122 4 14 3 16 16 13 15 12 12 15 12 132 4 15 3 16 17 14 15 15 12 0 15 13 139

La Vallée des Mouriers
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI All 5 7 1 14 15 11 15 15 12 96 5 7 1 15 15 11 15 15 12 96 5 7 1 15 15 11 15 15 12 96

Rozel catchment
R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI All 14 7 18 18 9 2 3 0 0 3 3 12 11 12 112 17 8 18 18 11 2 3 0 1 3 3 13 13 12 122 18 8 18 19 13 2 3 0 1 3 3 14 14 12 128

1 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide 2 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3 Guide + 50% * n = number of observations

Table 3.20 Numbers of samples � chemical oxygen demand (COD) values specified in EC Directives (continued)
COD �30mg/l O21 COD �45mg/l O22

Site St Peter's Valley
P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI All

n*

_________________________________________________
8 12 14 4 15 15 12 14 9 13 5 15 10 13 6 4 10 10 189 9 14 15 4 15 15 13 14 11 15 13 15 12 13 7 10 13 12 220 9 15 15 5 15 15 13 15 11 15 15 15 14 13 8 10 14 12 229

Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 All 12 5 8 9 15 6 13 11 0 2 9 90 14 5 9 14 16 6 16 11 1 2 10 104 14 5 9 15 17 7 17 11 1 2 10 108

South east coast outfalls
11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 All 4 5 5 0 3 3 3 2 3 4 3 35 6 5 6 0 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 47 6 5 8 0 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 57

Other SSI's
Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux All 10 11 12 10 9 52 13 13 12 11 13 62 13 13 12 13 13 64

1 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide 2 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3 Guide + 50% * n = number of observations

Table 3.21 Numbers of samples � chloride concentration values specified in EC Directives
Cl �200mg/l1 Cl �300mg/l2 Cl �25mg/l3

Site

n*

_________________________________________________________________
Longueville catchment
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI All 0 6 6 6 4 7 7 3 7 6 52 0 6 6 6 4 7 7 3 7 6 52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 0 6 6 4 7 7 3 0 7 6 56

La Vallée des Mouriers
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI All 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 6 49 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 6 49 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 6 49

Rozel catchment
R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI All 1 2 3 * 7 1 8 8 7 8 8 6 53 7 1 8 8 7 8 8 6 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 3 8 8 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 6 55

Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, Guide + 50% Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide n = number of observations

Table 3.21 Numbers of samples � chloride concentration values specified in EC Directives (continued)
Cl �200mg/l1 Cl �300mg/l2 Cl �25mg/l3

Site St Peter's Valley
P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI All

n*

_________________________________________________________________
2 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 3 2 4 6 99 2 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 3 2 6 6 101 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 7 0 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 3 3 6 6 102

Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 All 5 2 2 7 7 1 7 3 7 41 5 2 2 7 7 1 7 3 7 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 2 7 7 1 7 3 0 0 7 41

South east coast outfalls
11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 All 4 4 4 1 1 3 3 0 3 1 24 4 4 4 1 1 3 3 0 3 3 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 0 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 37

Other SSI's
Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux All 1 2 3 * 6 6 6 6 6 30 6 6 6 6 6 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 6 6 6 30

Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, Guide + 50% Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide n = number of observations

Table 3.22 Numbers of samples ! ammonium concentration values specified by EC Directives
NH4 NH4 NH4 1 2 3 !0.04mg/l !0.05mg/l !0.075mg/l !0.2mg/l4 NH4 NH4 !0.5mg/l5 NH4 !1.0mg/l6 NH4 !1.5mg/l7 NH4 !2.0mg/l8 NH4 NH4 NH4 9 10 11 !2.25mg/l !3.0mg/l !4.0mg/l !6.0mg/l12 n* NH4

Site

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Longueville catchment L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI All 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 1 1 0 8 0 0 0 2 5 3 7 8 4 8 1 38 2 3 0 8 11 7 10 10 6 10 8 75 3 6 0 8 11 8 10 10 6 10 9 81 5 6 0 10 11 8 11 10 6 10 9 86 5 7 0 10 11 8 11 10 6 11 9 88 5 8 0 10 11 8 11 10 6 11 9 89 5 9 0 10 11 8 11 10 6 11 9 90 5 9 0 10 11 8 11 10 6 11 9 90 5 9 1 10 11 8 11 10 6 0 11 9 91

Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide and Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide 3 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide + 50% 4 Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Cyprinid, Guide 5 Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, MAC 6 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Guide and Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid and Cyprinid, Imperative 7 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Imperative and Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Guide + 50% 8 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide 9 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Imperative + 50% 10 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide + 50% 11 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Imperative 12 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Imperative + 50% * n = number of observations

Table 3.22 Numbers of samples ! ammonium concentration values specified by EC Directives (continued)
NH4 NH4 NH4 1 2 3 !0.04mg/l !0.05mg/l !0.075mg/l !0.2mg/l4 NH4 NH4 !0.5mg/l5 NH4 !1.0mg/l6 NH4 !1.5mg/l7 NH4 !2.0mg/l8 NH4 NH4 NH4 9 10 11 !2.25mg/l !3.0mg/l !4.0mg/l !6.0mg/l12 n* NH4

Site

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
La Vallée des Mouriers M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI All 1 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 2 7 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 2 2 8 0 0 1 2 2 0 1 2 2 10 0 1 1 3 3 3 5 6 3 25 2 3 1 7 9 7 8 11 5 53 3 3 1 9 12 9 11 11 8 67 3 4 1 10 12 9 12 13 9 73 3 4 1 12 13 9 13 13 9 77 3 4 1 12 13 9 13 13 9 77 3 5 1 12 13 9 13 13 9 78 3 5 1 12 13 9 13 13 9 78 3 5 1 13 13 9 13 13 9 79 3 5 1 13 13 9 13 13 9 79

Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide and Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide 3 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide + 50% 4 Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Cyprinid, Guide 5 Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, MAC 6 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Guide and Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid and Cyprinid, Imperative 7 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Imperative and Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Guide + 50% 8 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide 9 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Imperative + 50% 10 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide + 50% 11 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Imperative 12 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Imperative + 50% * n = number of observations

Table 3.22 Numbers of samples ! ammonium concentration values specified by EC Directives (continued)
NH4 NH4 NH4 1 2 3 !0.04mg/l !0.05mg/l !0.075mg/l !0.2mg/l4 NH4 NH4 !0.5mg/l5 NH4 !1.0mg/l6 NH4 !1.5mg/l7 NH4 !2.0mg/l8 NH4 NH4 NH4 9 10 11 !2.25mg/l !3.0mg/l !4.0mg/l !6.0mg/l12 n* NH4

Site

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _
Rozel catchment R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI All 1 2 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 10 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 10 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 10 3 0 1 3 3 4 3 2 19 6 1 5 6 5 7 6 7 43 10 1 9 9 9 12 11 9 70 10 2 10 11 10 12 11 9 75 11 2 11 12 10 12 12 9 79 11 3 11 12 10 12 12 9 80 11 3 11 12 10 12 12 9 80 11 3 11 12 10 12 12 9 80 11 3 11 12 10 12 12 9 80 11 3 11 12 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 12 9 81

Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide and Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide 3 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide + 50% 4 Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Cyprinid, Guide 5 Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, MAC 6 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Guide and Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid and Cyprinid, Imperative 7 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Imperative and Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Guide + 50% 8 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide 9 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Imperative + 50% 10 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide + 50% 11 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Imperative 12 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Imperative + 50% * n = number of observations

Table 3.22 Numbers of samples ! ammonium concentration values specified by EC Directives (continued)
NH4 NH4 NH4 1 2 3 !0.04mg/l !0.05mg/l !0.075mg/l !0.2mg/l4 NH4 NH4 !0.5mg/l5 NH4 !1.0mg/l6 NH4 !1.5mg/l7 NH4 !2.0mg/l8 NH4 NH4 NH4 9 10 11 !2.25mg/l !3.0mg/l !4.0mg/l !6.0mg/l12 n* NH4

Site

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _
St Peter's Valley P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI All 1 2 0 1 0 2 1 0 2 0 0 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 12 0 1 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 13 0 1 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 1 3 1 0 0 1 1 1 15 1 3 0 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 1 2 0 1 1 3 28 1 5 4 7 6 6 8 7 5 6 5 5 5 0 1 5 4 80 1 7 5 9 7 8 9 9 9 7 7 8 6 2 3 8 7 112 2 8 6 9 9 8 9 9 9 9 8 8 7 2 4 8 9 124 2 8 6 9 9 8 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 2 4 8 9 125 2 8 8 9 9 8 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 2 4 8 9 127 2 8 8 9 9 8 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 2 4 8 9 127 2 8 9 9 9 8 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 2 4 8 9 128 2 8 9 9 9 8 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 2 4 8 9 128 3 8 9 0 9 9 8 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 3 4 8 9 130

Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide and Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide 3 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide + 50% 4 Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Cyprinid, Guide 5 Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, MAC 6 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Guide and Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid and Cyprinid, Imperative 7 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Imperative and Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Guide + 50% 8 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide 9 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Imperative + 50% 10 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide + 50% 11 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Imperative 12 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Imperative + 50% * n = number of observations

Table 3.22 Numbers of samples ! ammonium concentration values specified by EC Directives (continued)
NH4 NH4 NH4 1 2 3 !0.04mg/l !0.05mg/l !0.075mg/l !0.2mg/l4 NH4 NH4 !0.5mg/l5 NH4 !1.0mg/l6 NH4 !1.5mg/l7 NH4 !2.0mg/l8 NH4 NH4 NH4 9 10 11 !2.25mg/l !3.0mg/l !4.0mg/l !6.0mg/l12 n* NH4

Site

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _
Vaux de Lecq 2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 All 1 2 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 3 1 1 3 1 0 0 0 1 2 12 6 3 2 8 6 1 3 3 1 6 39 6 4 4 10 9 2 9 5 1 10 60 8 4 4 11 11 2 11 6 1 10 69 8 4 4 11 11 2 11 6 1 10 69 8 4 4 11 11 2 11 6 1 10 69 8 4 4 11 11 2 11 6 1 10 69 8 4 4 11 11 2 12 6 1 10 69 8 4 4 11 11 2 12 6 1 10 69 8 4 4 11 11 2 12 6 0 1 10 69

Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide and Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide 3 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide + 50% 4 Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Cyprinid, Guide 5 Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, MAC 6 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Guide and Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid and Cyprinid, Imperative 7 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Imperative and Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Guide + 50% 8 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide 9 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Imperative + 50% 10 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide + 50% 11 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Imperative 12 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Imperative + 50% * n = number of observations

Table 3.22 Numbers of samples ! ammonium concentration values specified by EC Directives (continued)
NH4 NH4 NH4 1 2 3 !0.04mg/l !0.05mg/l !0.075mg/l !0.2mg/l4 NH4 NH4 !0.5mg/l5 NH4 !1.0mg/l6 NH4 !1.5mg/l7 NH4 !2.0mg/l8 NH4 NH4 NH4 9 10 11 !2.25mg/l !3.0mg/l !4.0mg/l !6.0mg/l12 n* NH4

Site

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _
South east coast outfalls 11 0 12 0 14 0 15 16 0 17 0 18 0 19 0 20 0 21 0 22 0 All 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 1 9 2 1 2 1 5 4 3 4 3 2 27 2 4 3 1 5 4 5 5 3 2 34 2 4 5 2 5 4 5 5 3 2 37 2 4 5 3 5 4 5 5 3 2 38 3 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 3 42 4 5 6 6 6 5 6 6 4 3 51 6 5 6 6 6 5 6 6 4 3 53 6 5 7 0 6 6 5 6 6 4 3 54

Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide and Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide 3 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide + 50% 4 Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Cyprinid, Guide 5 Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, MAC 6 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Guide and Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid and Cyprinid, Imperative 7 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Imperative and Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Guide + 50% 8 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide 9 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Imperative + 50% 10 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide + 50% 11 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Imperative 12 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Imperative + 50% * n = number of observations

Table 3.22 Numbers of samples ! ammonium concentration values specified by EC Directives (continued)
NH4 NH4 NH4 1 2 3 !0.04mg/l !0.05mg/l !0.075mg/l !0.2mg/l4 NH4 NH4 !0.5mg/l5 NH4 !1.0mg/l6 NH4 !1.5mg/l7 NH4 !2.0mg/l8 NH4 NH4 NH4 9 10 11 !2.25mg/l !3.0mg/l !4.0mg/l !6.0mg/l12 n* NH4

Site

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _
Other SSI's Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux All 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 4 0 2 1 2 1 6 0 3 1 3 1 8 3 3 4 3 2 15 3 5 4 8 5 25 7 8 6 9 9 39 9 9 7 9 9 43 9 9 9 9 9 45 9 9 9 9 9 45 9 9 9 9 9 45 9 9 9 9 9 45 9 9 9 9 9 45 9 9 9 9 9 45

Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide and Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide 3 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide + 50% 4 Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Cyprinid, Guide 5 Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, MAC 6 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Guide and Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid and Cyprinid, Imperative 7 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Imperative and Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Guide + 50% 8 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide 9 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Imperative + 50% 10 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide + 50% 11 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Imperative 12 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Imperative + 50% * n = number of observations

Table 3.23 Numbers of samples � nitrate concentration values specified in EC Directives
NO3 Site �25mg/l1 NO3 �37.5mg/l2 NO3 �50mg/l3 NO3 �75mg/l4 n*

________________________________________________________________
Longueville catchment
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI All 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 5 1 5 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 12 5 13 12 4 12 0 1 0 0 11 58 5 14 0 14 15 12 15 15 11 0 15 15 131

La Vallée des Mouriers
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI All 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 5 8 1 15 15 11 15 15 15 100

Rozel catchment
R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI All 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 4 1 1 3 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 18 2 2 9 8 4 2 0 0 1 0 1 10 0 6 45 7 7 19 20 13 2 3 1 1 4 4 14 0 15 110 19 8 19 20 13 2 4 1 1 4 4 14 14 15 138

1 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide and Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide 2 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide + 50% 3 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, Imperative (all levels) and Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, MAC 4 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, Imperative + 50% * n = number of observations

Table 3.23 Numbers of samples � nitrate concentration values specified in EC Directives (continued)
NO3 Site St Peter's Valley
P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI All 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 9 1 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 2 0 13 2 3 2 4 1 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 3 2 3 29 8 14 9 4 12 2 9 5 3 9 3 3 10 10 5 7 10 13 136 8 14 14 4 14 14 12 14 11 14 14 14 13 12 7 9 13 15 216

NO3 �37.5mg/l2

NO3 �50mg/l3

NO3 �75mg/l4 n*

�25mg/l1

________________________________________________________________

Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 All 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 13 5 8 13 16 6 16 10 1 2 10 100

South east coast outfalls
11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 All 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 4 2 0 2 2 0 0 10 0 2 0 5 5 1 3 4 1 0 21 0 6 0 5 6 4 3 7 4 0 35 6 6 7 0 6 6 6 7 7 4 3 58

Other SSI's
Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux All 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 5 1 0 4 11 4 7 4 0 6 21 13 15 15 1 15 59 15 15 15 15 15 75

1 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide and Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide 2 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide + 50% 3 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, Imperative (all levels) and

Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, MAC 4 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, Imperative + 50% * n = number of observations

Table 3.24 Numbers of samples � nitrite concentration values specified in EC Directives
NO2 Site �0.1mg/l1 NO2 �0.01mg/l2 NO2 �0.03mg/l3 n*

________________________________________________________________
Longueville catchment
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI All 0 0 1 10 4 8 6 4 0 11 2 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 6 0 9 5 10 0 10 11 8 11 10 6 0 11 9 91

La Vallée des Mouriers
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI All 2 1 1 13 11 9 13 11 8 69 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 5 1 13 13 9 13 13 9 79

Rozel catchment
R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI All 1 2 3 * 5 1 6 11 9 11 12 9 64 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 1 8 11 3 11 12 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 12 9 81

Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, MAC Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid, Guide Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Cyprinid, Guide n = number of observations

Table 3.24 Numbers of samples � nitrite concentration values specified in EC Directives (continued)
NO2 Site St Peter's Valley
P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI All 1 4 0 6 1 2 5 4 3 9 9 5 7 2 1 5 7 71 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 9 9 0 9 9 8 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 3 4 8 9 131

NO2 �0.01mg/l2

NO2 �0.03mg/l3 n*

�0.1mg/l1

________________________________________________________________

Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 All 5 4 1 9 2 0 0 0 1 10 32 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 9 4 4 11 11 2 12 6 0 1 10 70

South east coast outfalls
11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 All 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 6 0 6 5 6 7 7 3 3 54

Other SSI's
Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux All 1 2 3 * 0 6 3 3 5 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 45

Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, MAC Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Salmonid, Guide Directive 78/659/EEC Fresh water for fish life, Cyprinid, Guide n = number of observations

Table 3.25 Numbers of samples � phosphate concentration values specified in EC Directives
P2O5 �0.4mg/l1 P2O5 �0.6mg/l2 P2O5 �0.7mg/l3 P2O5 �1.05mg/l4 P2O5 �5.0mg/l5

Site

n*

_________________________________________________________________________
Longueville catchment
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI All 0 0 4 0 2 1 8 0 8 1 24 0 0 4 2 2 4 8 3 8 2 33 1 0 7 3 2 7 8 4 8 2 42 3 1 7 7 3 8 9 5 8 7 58 5 8 8 9 6 9 9 5 9 14 82 5 8 0 8 9 6 9 9 5 0 9 14 82

La Vallée des Mouriers
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI All 1 2 1 9 5 7 5 4 2 36 1 3 1 11 9 8 10 9 12 64 1 3 1 11 9 8 10 9 12 64 1 3 1 11 11 9 11 11 12 70 1 3 1 11 11 9 11 11 14 72 1 3 1 11 11 9 11 11 14 72

Rozel catchment
R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI All 0 0 2 3 4 2 1 3 15 0 0 7 5 8 2 4 12 38 0 1 8 8 8 4 6 13 48 2 2 10 10 8 9 10 13 64 10 3 10 11 10 11 11 14 80 10 3 10 11 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 14 80

1 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide and Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide 2 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide + 50% 3 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, A3 Guide 4 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, A3 Guide + 50% 5 Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, MAC * n = number of observations

Table 3.25 Numbers of samples � phosphate concentration values specified in EC Directives (continued)
P2O5 �0.4mg/l1 P2O5 �0.6mg/l2 P2O5 �0.7mg/l3 P2O5 �1.05mg/l4 P2O5 �5.0mg/l5

Site St Peter's Valley
P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI All

n*

_________________________________________________________________________
0 3 3 4 3 1 5 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 1 2 1 29 0 4 7 7 8 3 7 0 3 1 10 6 5 2 2 4 5 74 0 6 8 7 8 3 8 0 3 1 10 7 6 2 2 5 7 83 0 8 8 8 8 5 8 0 7 1 10 8 8 2 3 8 11 103 2 8 8 8 8 7 8 1 9 9 10 9 8 3 5 9 14 126 3 8 8 0 8 8 7 8 8 9 9 10 9 8 3 5 9 14 134

Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 All 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 2 1 6 3 0 1 1 3 20 4 2 1 6 3 0 1 2 5 24 6 4 3 8 8 0 5 3 9 46 7 5 4 9 10 1 10 5 10 61 7 5 4 9 10 1 10 5 0 0 10 61

South east coast outfalls
11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 All 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 3 3 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 4 4 0 15 0 0 0 0 2 5 3 5 4 0 19 0 6 0 3 5 5 6 6 4 1 36 6 6 6 0 5 5 5 6 6 4 3 52

Other SSI's
Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux All 2 2 6 0 4 14 5 7 12 0 7 31 6 8 13 0 7 34 10 10 13 0 13 46 14 14 14 14 14 70 14 14 14 14 14 70

1 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide and Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide 2 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide + 50% 3 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, A3 Guide

4 Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, A3 Guide + 50% 5 Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, MAC * n = number of observations

Table 3.26 Numbers of samples � potassium concentration values specified in EC Directives
K 10mg/l1 K 12mg/l2

Site

n*

_________________________________________________
Longueville catchment
L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L5a L5b L6 L7 L8 SSI All 0 3 9 4 1 13 3 8 13 5 59 0 5 12 9 6 13 7 9 13 9 83 5 12 0 12 13 10 13 13 9 0 13 14 114

Mourier catchment
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI All 4 6 1 14 13 9 14 14 13 88 4 6 1 14 14 9 14 14 14 90 4 6 1 14 14 10 14 14 14 91

Rozel catchment
R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI All 0 0 6 7 5 0 0 1 2 3 5 9 7 45 4 3 14 16 10 0 1 1 3 3 10 12 12 89 16 6 16 17 13 0 3 1 1 3 3 14 14 14 121

1 Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide 2 Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, MAC * n = number of observations

Table 3.26 Numbers of samples � potassium concentration values specified in EC Directives (continued)
K 10mg/l1 K 12mg/l2

Site St Peter's Valley
P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI All

n*

_________________________________________________
1 12 11 0 11 1 6 1 1 1 0 1 7 6 0 0 3 5 67 4 12 12 0 12 12 10 8 3 9 1 10 10 10 2 1 8 11 135 6 12 12 2 12 12 10 12 11 12 12 12 11 10 5 7 11 14 183

Vaux de Lecq
2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 All 0 0 0 8 4 0 0 2 1 0 15 0 0 1 10 6 0 2 6 1 0 26 9 5 5 12 12 2 12 7 0 1 10 75

South East Coast outfalls
11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 All 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 4 6 6 7 0 6 6 6 7 7 4 3 58

Other SSI's
Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux All 6 1 5 1 8 21 8 6 6 1 11 32 14 14 14 14 14 70

1 Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, Guide 2 Directive 80/778/EEC Water for human consumption, MAC * n = number of observations

Table 3.27
Site

Numbers of samples ! faecal indicator concentration values specified in EC Directives
50/100ml1 Total coliforms 5000/100ml2 50000/100ml3 n* 20/100ml1 Faecal coliforms 2000/100ml2 20000/100ml3 n* 20/100ml1 Faecal streptococci 1000/100ml2 10000/100ml3 n*

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Longueville catchment L0 0 L1 0 L2 0 L3 0 L4 0 L5 0 L5a 0 L5b 0 L6 0 L7 L8 11 SSI 0 All 11 La Vallée des Mouriers M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 SSI All 1 2 3 * 0 2 0 0 1 4 3 9 1 14 0 34 4 7 1 4 6 11 13 13 10 14 4 87 5 13 1 13 14 12 14 14 10 0 14 10 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 14 0 19 2 6 0 1 6 10 11 13 4 14 0 67 5 11 1 8 14 12 14 14 9 14 8 110 5 13 1 13 14 12 14 14 10 0 14 11 121 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 8 0 13 0 23 5 11 1 11 12 8 9 14 7 13 3 94 5 13 1 13 14 11 14 14 8 13 9 115 5 13 1 13 14 11 14 14 10 0 13 10 118

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

4 6 1 14 10 6 9 10 4 64

5 7 1 15 13 11 15 14 10 91

5 7 1 15 15 11 15 15 11 95

1 2 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 7

5 7 1 15 13 10 12 13 8 84

5 7 1 15 14 11 14 14 11 92

5 7 1 15 15 11 15 15 11 95

1 2 0 6 1 1 0 1 0 12

5 7 1 15 12 8 10 12 7 77

5 7 1 15 14 11 14 14 10 91

5 7 1 15 15 11 15 15 10 94

Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide n = number of observations

Table 3.27
Site Rozel catchment R0a R0 R1 R2 R3 R3a R3b R3c R3d R3e R3f R4 R5 SSI All St Peter's Valley P1 P2 P3 P3a P4 P4a P5 P5a P6 P7 P7a P8a P9 P9a P11 P12 P13 SSI All 1 2

Numbers of samples ! faecal indicator concentration values specified in EC Directives (continued)
50/100ml1 Total coliforms 5000/100ml2 50000/100ml3 n* 20/100ml1 Faecal coliforms 2000/100ml2 20000/100ml3 n* 20/100ml1 Faecal streptococci 1000/100ml2 10000/100ml3 n*

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 9 6 1 2 0 0 2 2 8 7 4 53 9 7 17 18 11 1 3 1 0 3 4 14 14 10 112 17 7 18 19 13 1 4 1 1 4 4 14 14 10 127 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 15 10 7 1 3 1 0 3 3 11 11 6 82 14 7 17 18 12 1 4 1 1 4 4 14 14 11 122 18 7 18 19 13 1 4 1 1 4 4 14 14 11 129 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 10 9 5 12 11 8 2 0 0 3 2 11 8 7 78 13 5 15 14 11 3 0 1 3 3 14 13 9 104 15 6 15 16 13 0 3 0 1 3 3 14 13 10 112

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 6 2 2 10 2 1 3 4 5 1 4 6 4 0 0 0 0 51

4 12 10 2 12 11 11 11 10 12 11 12 10 10 5 7 11 7 168

6 12 12 3 12 12 11 12 10 12 12 12 11 10 5 7 11 11 181

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 11 4 3 10 3 5 6 8 9 2 11 9 9 3 4 2 2 103

5 13 9 3 12 13 11 13 11 12 10 12 11 10 5 7 11 10 178

7 13 13 3 12 13 11 13 11 12 11 12 11 10 5 7 11 11 186

0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 6

1 10 5 3 11 7 7 11 9 10 4 11 8 8 4 5 6 5 125

7 12 11 3 13 12 11 12 11 12 10 12 10 10 5 7 11 10 179

7 13 13 3 13 13 11 13 11 12 12 12 10 10 5 7 11 10 186

Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Guide

3 *

Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide n = number of observations

Table 3.27
Site Vaux de Lecq 2200 2201 2201a 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2206a 2207 2208 All

Numbers of samples ! faecal indicator concentration values specified in EC Directives (continued)
50/100ml1 Total coliforms 5000/100ml2 50000/100ml3 n* 20/100ml1 Faecal coliforms 2000/100ml2 20000/100ml3 n* 20/100ml1 Faecal streptococci 1000/100ml2 10000/100ml3 n*

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 4 2 6 3 1 0 2 0 0 7 31 10 6 6 12 13 4 9 8 1 1 10 80 12 6 8 13 15 4 15 10 1 1 10 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 6 5 10 8 3 0 4 0 0 10 54 11 6 7 13 14 4 9 9 1 1 10 85 12 6 8 13 15 4 15 10 1 1 10 95 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 5 6 4 2 9 7 2 1 6 1 0 8 46 11 5 8 13 13 4 9 8 1 1 8 81 12 5 8 13 15 4 15 10 1 1 10 94

South east coast outfalls 11 0 12 0 14 0 15 0 16 0 17 0 18 0 19 0 20 0 21 0 22 0 All 0 Other SSI's Grouville Grands Vaux Millbrook Pres D'Auvergne Vallée des Vaux All 1 2 3 *

0 0 0 0 3 2 5 2 0 0 5 17

2 3 5 1 6 5 6 7 6 5 6 52

6 6 12 1 11 8 8 9 9 5 6 81

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

2 4 5 1 6 5 7 5 2 2 6 45

2 4 9 1 8 6 7 8 6 5 6 62

6 6 12 1 11 8 8 9 9 5 6 81

0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 3

2 5 6 0 5 4 7 6 2 3 4 44

5 5 9 1 6 7 7 8 8 5 4 65

6 6 10 1 9 8 8 9 9 5 4 75

0 0 0 0 0 0

2 4 1 1 0 8

9 9 7 7 9 41

10 10 11 11 10 52

0 0 0 0 0 0

2 4 3 5 0 14

8 11 8 10 10 47

11 11 11 11 11 55

0 0 0 0 0 0

1 5 4 6 0 16

8 10 8 8 6 40

10 10 10 10 10 50

Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A1, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A2, Guide Directive 75/440/EEC Drinking water abstraction, A3, Guide n = number of observations

Table 4.1
Parameter

Summary of water quality data for stream catchments monitored on the island of Jersey
median Longueville min max La Vallée des Mouriers median min max median Rozel min max St Peter's Valley median min max Vaux de Lecq median min max South east coast outfalls median min max median Other SSI's min max median All min max

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
General Parameters
Temperature (˚C) pH Conductivity (µS) DO (mg/l O2) COD (mg/l O2) Chloride (mg/l) 13.000 7.140 887.000 71.000 14.000 95.000 3.100 5.830 468.000 6.660 1.000 70.000 22.400 8.330 9009.000 122.000 108.000 2708.000 12.500 6.790 731.000 88.000 12.000 90.000 5.700 5.940 548.000 69.000 0.000 73.000 20.600 9.350 963.000 105.000 45.000 101.000 11.500 7.210 581.500 87.000 19.500 71.000 4.000 5.640 37.100 72.000 1.000 49.000 20.300 10.040 1869.000 102.000 80.000 467.000 13.600 7.080 666.000 86.000 18.000 83.500 4.600 5.370 7.600 6.000 0.000 61.000 23.900 8.680 2810.000 138.000 104.000 10253.000 11.600 7.000 791.000 81.000 20.000 105.000 5.200 5.280 593.000 15.000 3.000 87.000 17.000 7.760 951.000 101.000 89.000 114.000 11.800 7.440 1670.000 -.28.000 178.000 5.000 6.710 10.000 -.11.000 89.000 18.700 8.390 112400.000 -.160.000 2334.000 13.500 7.260 637.000 90.500 22.000 74.000 7.400 5.790 330.000 56.000 6.000 53.000 20.900 8.080 3980.000 104.000 49.000 129.000 12.800 7.110 729.000 86.000 18.000 90.000 3.100 5.280 7.600 6.000 0.000 49.000 23.900 10.040 112400.000 138.000 160.000 10253.000

Nutrients
Ammonium (mg/l) Nitrate (mg/l) Nitrite (mg/l) Phosphate (mg/l) Total phosphate (mg/l) Potassium (mg/l) 0.474 80.130 0.099 0.573 0.200 9.000 0.012 11.070 0.003 0.046 0.020 1.000 21.765 119.970 0.953 2.979 1.600 50.000 0.348 115.320 0.059 0.390 0.100 7.000 0.001 69.940 0.000 0.092 0.030 3.000 4.135 201.860 0.693 1.650 0.210 13.000 0.486 56.660 0.066 0.642 0.150 11.000 0.001 4.870 0.000 0.138 0.060 4.000 10.627 256.750 1.774 4.170 0.810 47.000 0.393 70.160 0.099 0.550 0.220 11.000 0.001 0.440 0.000 0.138 0.040 2.000 7.902 131.920 2.365 22.914 3.880 300.000 0.469 121.290 0.197 0.779 0.190 14.000 0.000 20.060 0.000 0.275 0.060 4.000 3.077 212.490 1.150 2.0622 3.220 40.000 1.001 58.400 0.338 1.700 0.630 29.500 0.185 4.400 0.033 0.090 0.430 11.000 16.958 1168.700 8.737 172.311 2.390 420.000 0.484 58.880 0.131 0.733 -.13.000 0.001 22.130 0.033 0.000 -.3.000 1.678 165.120 0.591 4.125 -.45.000 0.474 75.700 0.099 0.596 0.180 11.000 0.000 0.440 0.000 0.000 0.020 1.000 21.765 1168.670 8.737 172.311 3.880 420.000

Faecal indicator organisms (cfu/100ml) Parameter
Total coliforms Faecal coliforms Faecal streptococci

GM*
11000 820 200

min
1 1 1

max
2000000 260000 510000

GM*
3700 450 210

min
27 10 3

max
800000 35000 21000

GM*
8700 1200 430

min
270 36 10

max
10400000 3000000 82000

GM*
10000 1900 530

min
800 80 10

max
170000 160000 45200

GM*
12000 1700 960

min
300 50 10

max
730000 110000 76000

GM*
28000 2200 730

min
360 10 10

max
18900000 1000000 52000

GM*
23000 5200 2300

min
1000 300 173

max
640000 100000 51000

GM*
11000 1400 480

min
1 1 1

max
18900000 3000000 510000

Notes: * GM = Geometric mean, numbers of samples (n) as per Table 4.2 and Tables 3.1, 3.4 and 3.11 for additional parameters (temperature, DO and total phosphate)

Table 4.2
Parameter/ Standard

Summary of samples from Jersey streams passing a range of EC Directive criteria for surface waters
pass Longueville n % pass La Vallée des Mouriers pass n % pass pass Rozel n % pass pass St Peter's Valley n % pass pass Vaux de Lecq n % pass South east coast outfalls pass n % pass pass Other SSI's n % pass pass All n % pass

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _
pH
Abstraction A1 G Abstraction A2/A3 G Human Consumption G Human Consumption MAC Fish life G 119 139 123 139 139 139 139 139 139 139 85.61 100.00 88.49 100.00 100.00 77 96 77 98 92 98 98 98 98 98 78.57 97.96 78.57 100.00 93.88 119 136 119 136 133 137 137 137 137 137 86.86 99.27 86.86 99.27 97.08 180 223 182 224 215 224 224 224 224 224 80.36 99.55 81.25 100.00 95.98 93 115 93 116 109 116 116 116 116 116 80.17 99.14 80.17 100.00 93.97 65 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 97.01 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 64 70 64 70 69 70 70 70 70 70 91.43 100.00 91.43 100.00 98.57 717 846 725 850 824 851 851 851 851 851 84.25 99.41 85.19 99.88 96.83

Conductivity
Abstraction G Human Consumption G 114 0 131 131 87.02 0.00 98 0 98 98 100.00 0.00 101 3 114 114 88.60 2.63 193 1 198 198 97.47 0.51 89 0 89 89 100.00 0.00 9 3 54 54 16.67 5.56 67 1 70 70 95.71 1.43 671 8 754 754 88.99 1.06

Chemical Oxygen Demand
Abstraction A3 G 122 139 87.77 96 96 100.00 112 128 87.50 189 229 82.53 90 108 83.33 35 57 61.40 52 64 81.25 696 821 84.77

Chloride
Abstraction G Human Consumption G 52 0 56 56 92.86 0.00 49 0 49 49 100.00 0.00 53 0 55 55 96.36 0.00 99 0 102 102 97.06 0.00 41 0 41 41 100.00 0.00 24 0 37 37 64.86 0.00 30 0 30 30 100.00 0.00 348 0 370 370 94.05 0.00

Ammonium
Fish life Salmonid G Abstr. A1 G/ Hu. Con. G Fish life Cyprinid G Human Consumption MAC Abstr. A2 G / Fish life I Abstraction A2 I Abstraction A3 G Abstraction A3 I 1 1 8 38 75 81 86 90 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 1.10 1.10 8.79 41.76 82.42 89.01 94.51 98.90 7 8 25 53 67 73 77 78 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 8.86 10.13 31.65 67.09 84.81 92.41 97.47 98.73 10 10 19 43 70 75 79 80 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 12.35 12.35 23.46 53.09 86.42 92.59 97.53 98.77 12 13 28 80 112 124 125 128 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 9.23 10.00 21.54 61.54 86.15 95.38 96.15 98.46 7 8 12 39 60 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 10.14 11.59 17.39 56.52 86.96 100.00 100.00 100.00 0 0 1 9 27 34 37 51 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 0.00 0.00 1.85 16.67 50.00 62.96 68.52 94.44 4 6 15 25 39 43 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 8.89 13.33 33.33 55.56 86.67 95.56 100.00 100.00 41 46 108 287 450 499 518 541 549 549 549 549 549 549 549 549 7.47 8.38 19.67 52.28 81.97 90.89 94.35 98.54

Nitrate
Abstr. A1 G / Hu. Con. G Abstr. I / Hu. Con. MAC 1 12 131 131 0.76 9.16 0 0 100 100 0.00 0.00 4 45 138 138 2.90 32.61 9 29 216 216 4.17 13.43 1 2 100 100 1.00 2.00 4 21 58 58 6.90 36.21 2 21 75 75 2.67 28.00 21 130 818 818 2.57 15.89

Nitrite
Human Consumption MAC Fish life Salmonid G Fish life Cyprinid G 46 6 9 91 91 91 50.55 6.59 9.89 69 4 4 79 79 79 87.34 5.06 5.06 64 3 8 81 81 81 79.01 3.70 9.88 71 2 3 131 131 131 54.20 1.53 2.29 32 2 4 70 70 70 45.71 2.86 5.71 4 0 0 54 54 54 7.41 0.00 0.00 17 0 0 45 45 45 37.78 0.00 0.00 303 17 28 551 551 551 54.99 3.09 5.08

Phosphate
Abstr. A1 G / Hu. Con. G Abstraction A2, A3 G Human Consumption MAC 24 42 82 82 82 82 29.27 51.22 100.00 36 64 72 72 72 72 50.00 88.89 100.00 15 48 80 80 80 80 18.75 60.00 100.00 29 83 126 134 134 134 21.64 61.94 94.03 2 24 61 61 61 61 3.28 39.34 100.00 6 15 36 52 52 52 11.54 28.85 69.23 14 34 70 70 70 70 20.00 48.57 100.00 126 310 527 551 551 551 22.87 56.26 95.64

Potassium
Human Consumption G Human Consumption MAC 59 83 114 114 51.75 72.81 88 90 91 91 96.70 98.90 45 89 121 121 37.19 73.55 67 135 183 183 36.61 73.77 15 26 75 75 20.00 34.67 0 4 58 58 0.00 6.90 21 32 72 72 29.17 44.44 295 459 714 714 41.32 64.29

Total coliforms
Abstraction A1 G Abstraction A2 G Abstraction A3 G 11 34 87 120 120 120 9.17 28.33 72.50 1 64 91 95 95 95 1.05 67.37 95.79 0 53 112 127 127 127 0.00 41.73 88.19 0 51 168 181 181 181 0.00 108.18 92.82 0 31 80 95 95 95 0.00 32.63 84.21 0 17 52 81 81 81 0.00 20.99 64.20 0 8 41 52 52 52 0.00 15.38 78.85 12 258 631 751 751 751 1.60 34.35 84.02

Faecal coliforms
Abstraction A1 G Abstraction A2 G Abstraction A3 G 19 67 110 121 121 121 15.70 55.37 90.91 7 84 92 95 95 95 7.37 88.42 96.84 0 82 122 129 129 129 0.00 63.57 94.57 0 103 178 186 186 186 0.00 55.38 95.70 0 54 85 95 95 95 0.00 56.84 89.47 1 45 62 81 81 81 1.23 55.56 76.54 0 14 47 55 55 55 0.00 25.45 85.45 27 449 696 762 762 762 3.54 58.92 91.34

Faecal streptococci
Abstraction A1 G Abstraction A2 G Abstraction A3 G 23 94 115 118 118 118 19.49 79.66 97.46 12 77 91 94 94 94 12.77 81.91 96.81 10 78 104 112 112 112 8.93 69.64 92.86 6 125 179 186 186 186 3.23 67.20 96.24 5 46 81 94 94 94 5.32 48.94 86.17 3 44 65 75 75 75 4.00 58.67 86.67 0 16 40 50 50 50 0.00 32.00 80.00 59 480 675 729 729 729 8.09 65.84 92.59

Notes: G = Guide, I = Imperative, MAC = Maximum Admissible Concentration

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