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Universidad De Manila (Formerly City College of Manila) Antonio J Villegas St. Mehan Gardens, Manila GRADUATE STUDIES ____________________________________________________________ Master of Science in Criminal Justice with Specialization in Criminology (MCJCrim) COURSE CODE: MCJ 210 COURSE TITLE: Problems in Criminal Law, Procedure and Evidence LEARNING GOAL: This lesson aims to inform the student to remember and understand some important terms in Criminal Justice System. D. Terms to Remember and Understand (Continuation): 8. System  An organized, purposeful structure that consists of interrelated and interdependent elements Example: CJS is system in the sense it process individuals who have violated laws from the five pillars of Criminal Justice System for the purpose of achieving justice. 9. Pillar  Refers to the branches to support one thing to another  One who occupies a central or responsible. Example: Fundamentals of Criminal Justice System 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Law Enforcement Prosecution Court Correction Community

10. State/Government State  Refer to a group of people, permanently inhabiting a definite territory, independent from foreign rule and having an organized government.  An organized political community, living under the government.

Elements of State: a. People b. Territory c. Government d. Sovereignty Government  It is the organization or agency through which that state expresses and enforces its will.  The organization which directs or controls the affairs of the state, just as the rudder functions to steer or direct the ship through the waters.  It is an institution or aggregate of institution by which and independent society makes and carries out of rules of action which are necessary to enable men to live in a social state.

Three (3) Branches of Government in the Philippines 11. Executive Branch of the Government  The branch of government approves (or vetoes) the law passed by the legislators and is responsible for enforcing the laws.  the largest component of the national executive branch of the government of the Philippines Composition of the Executive Branch: a. President b. V-President c. Cabinet Powers of the Executive Branch President (Article 7) a. The power to implements laws b. Administrative Power and control over the agencies of the governments (section 17) c. The power to appoint government officials ( section 16) d. The power to commute sentence, grant pardon, reprieve and amnesty (section 19) e. The power to declare martial law (section 18) f. The power to suspend the privilege of writ of habeas corpus (section 18) g. The power of supervision and control over the local government (Art.X, Section 4)

12. Legislative Branch of Government  The branch of the government which makes the laws of the land (law making Body). Composition of Legislative Branch: a. Senate (upper house) b. House of Representative (lower house)

Powers of the Legislative Branch: Congress (Article 6) a. b. c. d. e. f. The power to enact laws. Police Power Power of eminent domain The Power to act as a constituent assembly (Art. VIII, section 1) The power to declare the existence of war (Section 23) The power to confirm the appointments of government officials (Section 19) g. The power to conduct investigation in aid of legislation (Section 21) h. Immunity from arrest for offenses punishable by not more than 6 years imprisonment (Section 11) 13. Judicial Branch of Government  The branch of government has three responsibilities: interpreting the laws brought into question, ruling on lawsuits involving correctional supervision, and granting probation. Composition of Judicial Branch: a. Justice Court b. Justices appointed by the President Powers of the Judicial Branch: The Supreme Court (Article 8) a. b. c. d. The power to interpret laws The power of judicial review Adjudicatory power Assign temporarily judges of lower courts to other stations as public interest may require e. Order the change of venue

References: Political Science Second Edition 1987 Philippine Constitution WWW.Chanrobles.com Philippine Government and the New Constitution by Maria Theresa Vibar

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