Seat Belts & Airbags

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BY: NANDAN HEGDE  

 

INTRODUCING SMART SAFETY DEVICES 

 

 

Well, as we all know ………. 1. A seat seat belt, belt, sometime sometimess called called a safety safety belt, belt, is a safety a safety harness  harness  designed to secure the occupant of a vehicle vehicle against  against harmful movement that may result from a collision collision or  or a sudden stop 2. Seat Seat belts belts are int intend ended ed to red reduce uce injuries injuries by  by stopping the wearer  from hitting hard interior elements of the vehicle, or other  passengers (the so-called second so-called second impact   , are in the correct  position for the airbag to deploy and prevent prevent the passenger from being thrown from from the vehicle. Seat belts also absorb energ energyy by being designed to stretch during an impact, so that there is less  speed differential differential between the passenger!s body and their vehicle interior,, and also to spread the loading of impact on the interior  passengers body.   

 

Types Of Seat Belts

"two points") Lap seat belt (or "two points") in an aircraft

"hree points  points  seatbelt in a car. The three  points belt is the standard seat belt for road cars.  

 #ive points harness points harness in a racing car.

 

Technology  $ost seat belts are are e%uipped e%uipped with loc&ing mechanisms (or inertia reels reels that tighten the belt when pulled fast but do tighten when slowly. "his is not implemented withpulled a centrifugal clutch, which engages as the reel reel spins %uic&ly. Alternatively, this function may

Seat elt uncovered  )nertial *eel  

be secured secured by a weighted pendulum or ball bearing' when these are deflected by deceleration or ro roll-over ll-over they loc& into pawls on the reel.

 

 Pretensioners and webclamps webclamps 

Seatbelts in many newer vehicles are also e%uipped with +pretensioners+ +pretensioners+ andor +ebclamps+.   retensioners preemptively tighten the belt to prevent the occupan occupantt from  jer&ing forward forward in a crash. $erc $ercedes-en/ edes-en/ first introduced introduced pret pretensioners ensioners on the 101 S-lass. )n the event of a crash, a pretensioner will will tighten the belt almost instantaneously.. "his reduces instantaneously reduces the motion of the occupant in a violent crash. 3i&e airbags, pretensioners are triggered by sensors in the car!s body, and most  pretensioners  pret ensioners use e4plosively e4plosively e4panding gas to drive drive a piston that retracts retracts the belt.  retensioners  ret ensioners also lower the ris& of +submarining+, which is when a passenger passenger  slides forward forward under a loosely worn seat belt. An alternative approach being being loo&ed at by major car companies is the 5-3oc& technology whereby the occupant is held in position via the lap belt in order to prevent the passenger from coming out of position in the event of a crash.

 

 

Fords inflatable seat belts headed to !"plorer in #$%$ 

li&e such a bad idea after  )nflatable seat belts. At a glance, that doesn!t seem li&e such idea after all,  particularly for those rear rear seat passengers who aren!t aren!t blessed with two huge bags or air right in front of their chest. "he top brass at #ord feel pretty much the same way, w ay, as the outfit has just announced that these very devices will be ma&ing their debut in the ne4t generation #ord 64plorer before before rolling rolling out across across the fleet. 7f course, 3e4us is also  planning to shove these into its ultra-lu4urious 3#A 3#A (which will probably probably ma&e a grand total of 18 wealthy owners feel really really,, really really safe, but it!s tough to tell which vehicle will   hit the showroom first.

 



AIRBAGS Airbags are infating elements used to saeguard a person rom accidental impact collisions.



 The goal o an airbag is to slow the passenger's orward motion as evenl as possible in a raction o a second.



It is one o the best passive saet devices which are used in contrast to the seat belts.



 Immediatel ull infation! thebest airbag defates. "ence Airbag ater is considered as the restraint saet   device.

 

HISTORY OF AIRBAGS  An American inventor, John W. Hetrick, a retired

industrial engineer, designed the original safety cushion for automotive use in 1952 at his kitchen table.



Airbags for assenger cars !ere introduced in the "nited #tates in the mid$19%&s, !hen #eat 'elts "nitedrates #tates the mid$19%&s, #eat 'elts usage inin tthe he country !ere !hen (uite lo!.)



*ord) built an e+erimental fleet of cars !ith  *ord) airbags 19%1, follo!ed by -eneral otors) in 19%/ on in 0hevrolet) vehicles.  

 

Technology 

Behind AirBags

persists in a state of  According to Law of Inertia” A body persists rest or of uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force". Here we consider Impact force as an external agent which causes sudden deceleration of the  vehicle.



We now that the t hat moving ob!ects have momentum  the product of the mass and the velocity of an ob!ect#. $ars consist of several loose ob!ects in the car and% of course% passengers. If these ob!ects are not restrained% they will continue moving at whatever speed the th e car is traveling at% even if the car is stopped by a collision.



&topping an ob!ect's momentum re(uires force acting over a period of time. When a car crashes% the force re(uired to stop an ob!ect is very great because the car's   momentum has changed instantly while the passengers'

momentum has changed instantly while the passengers  



 Air bags do not !ust cushion your in the your body in event of an impact% but they also spread the

.

impact over a larger area. *y small doing area this% of theyour force is not all concentrated in one body. +his in turn will cause the seriousness your in!uries to be reduced because the force you feel is spread out. is spread out.

 

 

AIRBAGS FAMILY  3 Main Components:   ,# Airbag module



-# iagnostic /nit 0# $rash sensors  

 





 Airbag Module: $ontains both in1ator unit and light)weight fabric airbag and is located either inside2 ,# &teering wheel hub -# -# Above glove $ompartment $ompartment 0# 3ear 3ear side compartment as s separate4combined eparate4combined head4side4window)curtain airbag#. Diagnostic Unit:

  turned ,#5nables in1ator unit sensors when vehicle is on% performs self and chec. -#$onstantly monitors airbag readiness and indicates malfunctioning through an indicator on dashboard. 

Crash Sensors: ,#&everal crash sensors located in the front of passenger compartment  vehicle and in the passenger compartment -#5ach senses the sudden deceleration or impact in the eventa of a crash and 1ips a mechanical switch to indicate crash.  

 

 WORK!" O# AR$A" 

sensors &hich recei'es  ACU consists o% crash recei 'es threshold crash sensors recei'es  'alues. (he signals %ro %rom %rom m the 'arious sensors sensor sensors s are %ed into the Airbag control unit) &hich determines %rom them the angle o% impact) the se'erit*) or %orce o% the crash) along  &ith other 'ariables 'ariables. 'ariables..



 When the re+uisite re+uisite ,threshold, ,threshold, has been reached re reached ached or e-ceeded) the airbag control unit &ill acti'ate one or more *rotechnic de'ices.



*rotechnics is the science o% materials capable o%  *rotechnics undergoing sel%/contained and sel%/sustained e-othermic chemical reactions %or the production o% heat) light) gas) smo0e and1or sound.

Crash Sensor   

 

 Who in2ates Airbag  

I+ I& &6I/7 A8I5



Sodium a4ide  is is the inorganic salt with the formula 3a30. +his colorless a9ide salt is the gas)forming component in many car airbag systems.  

 



 

+he following reactions tae place to liberate nitrogen gas which in turn in1ates Airbag2 -3a30    -3a -3a : 03,;3a : -<360   <-6 <-6 : =3a-6: 3+his nitrogen produced in1ates the Airbag.

 A%ter contains small n2ation !*lon %abric $ag contains  A%ter n2ation pores through &hich the nitrogen gas escapes out to the atmosphere.  

 

 

 

&oncl'sion 











 #ailure to wear a seat belt contributes to more more fatalities than any other single traffic traffic traffic safetyrelated behavior. are not wearing seat belts. be havior. 9:; of people &illed in accidents are belts. earing earing a seat belt use is still the single most effective thing we can do to save lives and reduce injuries.  <ata suggests that education alone is not doing the job with young people, especially espec especiially ally males ages 19 to 2= the age group least li&ely lli& i&ely ely to buc&le up. "hey simply simply do not believe they will will be injure injured d or >et they are the nation!s highest-ris& drivers, with more drun& driving, injured or &illed. >et driving, d riving, more  speeding, and more crashes. ?either education nor fear of injury or or death death is is strong st strong rong enough to motivate this tough-to-reach toug h-to-reach tough-to-re ach group. "he Seat belts are the most effective safety devices in vehicles today, estimated to save 0,=@@  "he aAnd re the most devices devic"raffic es in vehicles today, estimated to save 0,=@@ lives Seat eachbelts year.are also theeffective ?ationalsafety ighway Safety Administration (?"SA has estimated that air bags have saved almost 1,=@@ lives, with an estimated =90 lives saved in 100= alone.  ?owadays a fantastic concept has been intro introduced duced in Airbags that is in addition to the crash  sensors one more sensor is used which determines whether the person is out of position(77 whether the or not and other variables. "he auto racing which is considered as a most dangerous sport is now safe by the use of and have greatly reduced advanced smart safety devices  ple /ones and Airbags and rre educed devices li&e li&e rum rumple duced crash forces s on an d has saved the impact force forces on drivers drivers and and the life of numerous people. #atality rates have been re drastically reduced. duced. reduce d. Air bags have been and continue to be an effective, life-saving technology. increased traffic, the auto safety has become major problem.  ?owadays because of increased problem. 7f course &eeping people safe in auto accidents is not a simple job. ut by the implementation of Smart Safety <evices the damage that is caused to a person inside the car or vehicle has been reduced drastically.

 

 

 

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