Shear Strength Increment of Soft Soils Using Prefabricated Vertical Drains

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Shear strength increment of soft soils using Prefabricated Vertical Drains

SEMINAR REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of B.Tech degree in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
OF
THE UNIVERSITY OF KERALA

By
NANDINI . M

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
2010

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Thiruvananthapuram

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the seminar entitled “Shear strength increment of soft soils using
Prefabricated Vertical Drains” is a bonafide report of the seminar presented by Nandini . M
seventh semester student of Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering,
Trivandrum, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of B.Tech,
Civil Engineering, by University of Kerala.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I thank the Almighty God for being with me throughout the seminar
and guiding me to the heights of success.
I here by express my sincere gratitude to my guide Mrs.Ajitha.B.Bhaskar, Department
of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Trivandrum, for her valuable guidance and
creative suggestions during the course of this seminar and in preparing this report.
I also express my sincere thanks to Mr.Sabu P,staff advisor, Mrs.Jyothis Thomas,U.G
Professor, Dr S.Sheela, Head of the Department, ,Department of Civil Engineering,College of
Engineering, Trivandrum for all necessary help extended by them in fulfillment of this seminar.
I am also grateful to all my friends and classmates for their help in carrying out this work
successfully.

NANDINI . M

ABSTRACT

Civionics is a new term coiner from Civil-Electronics, which is derived from the
application of electronics to civil structures. Only a few years after the invention of low-loss
optical fiber, it became apparent that optical fiber can not only reliably transmit data, but also
provide remarkable sensing capabilities. These sensing capabilities combined with unique
properties offered by optical fibers, such as total dielectric design, complete immunity to
electromagnetic interference, small size, capability for distributed sensing, explosion safety and
good bio-compatibility attracted significant attention in both industry and academia. To date,
fiber sensors have been embedded inside composite materials to determine curing, internal
stresses, strain, temperature and deformations as well as to detect the onset of cracks and
damage. This paper mainly deals with the detection of Cracks and damages in Civil structure
using Optical Fibers.

CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

i

LIST OF TABLES

ii

1. INTRODUCTION
2. FIBER OPTICS
2.1
Sensor Fabrication
2.2
Crack Sensors
2.3
Experimental Verification of the Novel Sensing
Concept by Leung et al. (2001)
2.4
Shrinkage crack detection by Kai Tai Wan,
Christopher K.Y. Leung (2005)
3. CONCLUSIONS
4. REFERENCES

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LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 1 Illustration of an Optic Fiber

9

Fig. 2 Structure of an Optic Fiber

9

Fig. 3 Illustration of fabrication of Sensor Fiber

10

Fig. 4 Concept of distributed sensor with the
Novel Sensor (Leung et al. 2000)

11

Fig. 5 Schematic Illustration of the Mechanical Analysis

13

Fig. 6 Experimental results on Fiber Optic Crack Sensing

14

Fig. 7 Detection/Monitoring of multiple cracks with OTDR

15 & 16

Fig. 8 Test configuration to demonstrate distributed sensing of
multiple cracks

17

Fig. 9 Zoomed-in OTDR record showing the presence of
three separate cracks
Fig. 10 Beam for shrinkage crack detection

18
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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1

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