Social Psychology

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Social Psychology
 scientific study of how we think about,
influence, and relate to one another

Social Psychology
Afia Fitriani, S.Psi., M.Psi

Social Influence

Social Facilitation

 Social Facilitation
 improved performance of tasks in the presence of
others
 occurs with simple or well-learned tasks but not
with tasks that are difficult or not yet mastered

 Social Loafing
 tendency for people in a group to exert less effort
when pooling their efforts toward attaining a
common goal than when individually accountable

Social Influence
 Conformity
 adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to
coincide with a group standard
 Altering one’s behavior to match other
people’s behavior or expectations

 Normative Social Influence
 influence resulting from a person’s desire
to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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Social Identity

Social Thinking
Social Attribution

 People often develop social identity
based of group affiliations,
nationality, ethnic, culture, religion
and other social grouping.

Social Thinking
 How we explain someone’s behavior affects how we
react to it
Tolerant reaction
(proceed cautiously, allow
driver a wide berth)

Situational attribution
“Maybe that driver is ill.”
Negative behavior

 tendency to give a causal explanation for
someone’s behavior, often by crediting either the
situation or the person’s disposition

Social Thinking
 Self Serving Bias
 Tendency of people to make excuse for their
mistakes by blaming on external situation, but
consider their success by internal reason (personal
factors)

 Just-World Hypothesis

Dispositional attribution
“Crazy driver!”

Unfavorable reaction
(speed up and race past the
other driver, give a dirty look)

Social Thinking

 tendency of people to believe the world is just
 people get what they deserve and deserve what
they get

Social Thinking

 Fundamental Attribution Error
 tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s
behavior, to underestimate the impact of the
situation and to overestimate the impact of personal
disposition

 Attitude
 belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in
a particular way to objects, people and events
 A like or dislike that influence our behavior

 Attitudes
follow
behavior
 Cooperative
actions feed
mutual liking

 Behavior
 Our actions that can be observed

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Social Thinking

Social Relations

 Persuasion
 Action of convincing or persuading someone to
follow a certain behavior or idea

 Techniques of Persuasion
 Liking & Similarity
 Social Norms
 Reciprocation  if you do me a favor, then I owe you
one
 Foot in the door  starts with a modest request,
which you accept, and follows it with a larger
request

Social Relations
 Altruism
 unselfish regard for the welfare of others

 Self-Disclosure
 revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

 Prejudice
 an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude
toward a group and its members
 involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and
a predisposition to discriminatory action

 Stereotype
 a generalized (sometimes accurate, but often
overgeneralized) belief about a group of people

Interpersonal Attraction
 Proximity & Familiarity
 Proximity means closeness
 The more often we come in contact with
someone or something, the more we tend to like
that person or object

 Physical Attractiveness
 A cue to someone’s health & therefore desirability
as a mate.

Interpersonal Attraction
 Conceptions of attractiveness vary by culture

Interpersonal Attraction
 Similarity
 Most romantic partners and close friends
resemble each other in age, physical
attractiveness, political and religous beliefs,
intelligence, education, and attitudes.

 Equity Principle
 Social relationships are transactions in which
partners exchange goods and services.

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Social Relations
 Passionate Love
 an aroused state of intense positive
absorption in another
 usually present at the beginning of a love
relationship

 Companionate Love

 Consist of 3 aspects:
1. Passion  physical & sexual attractiveness
2. Intimacy emotional feelings that are
expressed by self disclosure, warmth
relation, trust & shared relationship
3. Commitment  cognitively decide to
maintain relationship, to love & stay with the
love ones.

TYPES OF LOVE

 deep affectionate attachment we feel for
those with whom our lives are intertwined

Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love

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