STI Chart (Maternity-Nursing)
Content
STI
Category
Cause
Symptoms
Vulvovaginal
Candidiasis
-Not considerable an
STI
-Yeast, monilia, fungal
infection
Vaginal
Discharge
(Vaginitis)
Cand
ida
Fun
gus
Pruritus, vaginal discharge
(thick, white, curd-like),
vaginal soreness, vulvar
burning, erythema,
dyspareunia, external
dysuria
Trichomoniasis
Vaginal
Discharge
(Vaginitis)
Trich
om
ona
s
Prot
ozo
an
Bacterial Vaginosis
Vaginal
Discharge
(Vaginitis)
Gardnerella
-Bacterium
Chlamydia
-MOST COMMON
BACTERIAL STI IN U.S.
Cervicitis
(Inflammation
/infection of
the cervix)
Chlamydia
trachomatis
-Intracellular
parasite
Many asymptomatic, vulvar
itching and soreness,
malodorous foamy heavy
green/yellow or gray frothy
or bubbly vaginal
discharge, dyspareunia,
dysuria, vaginal odor
(described as foul), pH >
4.5, petchiae on cervix
Three of the four criteria:
-Thin, white
homogeneous
vaginal
discharge
-Vaginal pH >4.5
-Positive “whiff
test”, stale
fishy odor
-Presence of clue
cells on
wet-mount
examination
Many asymptomatic,
mucopurulent vaginal
discharge, urethritis,
bartholinitis, endometritis,
salpingitis, dysfunctional
uterine bleeding
Treatment
Miconazole
(Monistat)
Clotrimazole
(Mycelex)
Terconazole
(Terazol)
Fluconazole
(Diflucan)
Metronidazole
(Flagyl)
Tinidazole
(Tindamax)
Effect on Baby:
- Can acquire thrush in the
mouth during birthing
process if mother infected
Metronidazole
(Flagyl)
Clindamycin
(Cleocin)
Effects on Baby:
-Risk of neonatal sepsis
Antibiotics
-Doxycycline
(Vibromycin)
-Azithromycin
(Zithromax)
-Can be infected during
delivery
Ceftriaxone
(Rocephin)
-Used in conjunction
to treat gonorrhea
Brittney Brady
STI/Maternity
Mother To Baby
Effects on Baby:
-Risk for prematurity
Effects on Baby:
- Eye infections (neonatal
conjunctivitis),
pneumonia, low birthweight, increased risk of
premature rupture of the
membranes (PROM),
preterm birth, and
1
stillbirth
Gonorrhea
-Highly contagious
-Site of infection is
columnar epithelium of
endocervix
Cervicitis
(Inflammation
/infection of
the cervix)
Genital Herpes
Simplex
-Recurrent lifelong viral
infection
-HSV 1(not sexually
transmitted) & HSV 2
Genital Ulcers
Syphilis
-Curable bacterial
infection
Genital Ulcers
Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease (PID)
Secondary to
STI
-Untreated
chlamydia
and
Brittney Brady
Neisseria
gonorrhoea
e
-Aerobic
gramnegative
intracellular
diplococcus
Many asymptomatic,
abnormal vaginal
discharge, dysuria,
cervicitis, abnormal vaginal
bleeding, bartholins
abscess, PID, rectal
infection, mild sore throat,
perihepatitis
Antibiotics
-Azithromycin &
Ceftriazone
Spread via
contact with
mucous
membranes
or breaks in
skin
Primary- Multiple painful
vesicular lesions,
mucopurulent discharge,
fever, chills, malaise,
dysuria, headache, genital
irritation lymphadenopathy
Secondary-Tingling, itching,
pain, unilateral genital
lesions
Primary:
-Chancre (painless
ulcer),
painless bilateral,
adenopathy
Secondary:
-Flu-like symptoms, rash
on trunk, palms, and
soles,alopecia,
adenopathy
Latency:
No more manifestations
Tertiary:
-Life-threatening conditions
-No cure
-Antiviral drug
therapy
-Acyclovir (Zovirax)
-Famciclovir
(Famivir)
-Valacyclovir
(Valtrex)
Spirochete
Treponema
pallidum
Ascending
polymicrobial
infection
STI/Maternity
Lower abdominal
tenderness,
adnexal tenderness,
cervical
motion tenderness,
-Azithromycin or
Docycycline should
accompany to treat
chlamydial infection
-Can be infected during
delivery
Effects on Baby:
- Gonococcal ophthalmia
neonatorum can lead to
blindness and sepsis
(including arthritis and
meningitis)
-HSV 2 can be infected
during birth
Effects on Baby:
- Skin or mouth sores
Mental retardation,
premature birth, low birthweight, blindness, death
-Benzathine Penicillin
G
-Doxyxyline if
allergic
-Can be passed in utero
-Broad-spectrum
antibiotics
(Cephalosporin with
doxycycline)
-Oral fluids
Uncommon in pregnancy
Effects on Baby:
- Can result in fetal or
infant death
-Congenital syphilis
symptoms include skin
ulcers, rashes, fever,
weakened or hoarse cry,
swollen liver and spleen,
jaundice and anemia,
various deformations
2
gonorrhea
fever,
dysmenorrhea,
dysuria, N/V,
abnormal vaginal
discharge
Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)
Immunocomp
romising
HIV virus
Human
Papillomavirus
(HPV)
- MOST COMMON
VIRAL INFECTION IN
THE U.S.
VaccinePreventable
STI
Human
papillomavir
us
Hepatitis A
VaccinePreventable
STI
Spread via GI
tract
Hepatitis B
VaccinePreventable
STI
Spread via
saliva, blood,
semen,
menstrual
blood, vaginal
secretions
Brittney Brady
STI/Maternity
1. Acute seroconversion
-Fever, pharyngitis,
rash, and
myalgia
-3 to 12 months before
seroconversion
2. Asymptomatic with
viral replication
-Immunosuppression
with
opportunistic
infections
3. AIDS
-CD4 T-cell count
reaches 200 or less
Many asymptomatic, visible
genital warts (condylomata)
that are fleshy papule with
a warty glandular surface,
painful, friable, pruritic,
large lesions resemble
cauliflowers, may bleed
easily
Flu-like symptoms with
malaise, skin rashes,
fatigue, anorexia, nausea,
pruritus, fever, upper right
quadrant pain
Similar to Hep A but with
less fever and skin
involvement
-Bed rest
-Analgesics
1. Earlier initiation
of antiretroviral
therapy (ART)
-When count
reaches 350500
2. Antiretroviral
drugs (ARVs),
3. HAART
(Highly active
antiretroviral
therapy)
-Combines 3
antiretroviral drugs
Effects on Baby:
- Transmission can occur
transplacentally, during
childbirth or through
breast milk
No treatment or cure
-Vaccine (Cervarix &
Gardasil)
-Treatment of
pancancerous
cervical
lesions/genital warts
(TCA, liquid nitrogen
cryotherpy, etc.)
-Self-limiting, does
not result in chronic
infection
-Hep A Vaccine
(prevent)
-Can cause serious
permanent liver
damage
-No specific
treatment exisit
-Hep B vaccine
(prevent)
Effects on Baby:
-None Known
Effects on Baby:
- Can become chronic
carrier of hepatitis B
which may lead to liver
cancer or cirrhosis
3
Scabies
Pubic lice
Ectoparasitic
Infections
Brittney Brady
Contact with
others
STI/Maternity
Scabies-intensely pruritic
dermatitis with lesions
Pubic-pruritus with lice or
nits , rash
-Permethrin cream
-Lindane shampoo
4
Category
Cause
Symptoms
Vulvovaginal
Candidiasis
-Not considerable an
STI
-Yeast, monilia, fungal
infection
Vaginal
Discharge
(Vaginitis)
Cand
ida
Fun
gus
Pruritus, vaginal discharge
(thick, white, curd-like),
vaginal soreness, vulvar
burning, erythema,
dyspareunia, external
dysuria
Trichomoniasis
Vaginal
Discharge
(Vaginitis)
Trich
om
ona
s
Prot
ozo
an
Bacterial Vaginosis
Vaginal
Discharge
(Vaginitis)
Gardnerella
-Bacterium
Chlamydia
-MOST COMMON
BACTERIAL STI IN U.S.
Cervicitis
(Inflammation
/infection of
the cervix)
Chlamydia
trachomatis
-Intracellular
parasite
Many asymptomatic, vulvar
itching and soreness,
malodorous foamy heavy
green/yellow or gray frothy
or bubbly vaginal
discharge, dyspareunia,
dysuria, vaginal odor
(described as foul), pH >
4.5, petchiae on cervix
Three of the four criteria:
-Thin, white
homogeneous
vaginal
discharge
-Vaginal pH >4.5
-Positive “whiff
test”, stale
fishy odor
-Presence of clue
cells on
wet-mount
examination
Many asymptomatic,
mucopurulent vaginal
discharge, urethritis,
bartholinitis, endometritis,
salpingitis, dysfunctional
uterine bleeding
Treatment
Miconazole
(Monistat)
Clotrimazole
(Mycelex)
Terconazole
(Terazol)
Fluconazole
(Diflucan)
Metronidazole
(Flagyl)
Tinidazole
(Tindamax)
Effect on Baby:
- Can acquire thrush in the
mouth during birthing
process if mother infected
Metronidazole
(Flagyl)
Clindamycin
(Cleocin)
Effects on Baby:
-Risk of neonatal sepsis
Antibiotics
-Doxycycline
(Vibromycin)
-Azithromycin
(Zithromax)
-Can be infected during
delivery
Ceftriaxone
(Rocephin)
-Used in conjunction
to treat gonorrhea
Brittney Brady
STI/Maternity
Mother To Baby
Effects on Baby:
-Risk for prematurity
Effects on Baby:
- Eye infections (neonatal
conjunctivitis),
pneumonia, low birthweight, increased risk of
premature rupture of the
membranes (PROM),
preterm birth, and
1
stillbirth
Gonorrhea
-Highly contagious
-Site of infection is
columnar epithelium of
endocervix
Cervicitis
(Inflammation
/infection of
the cervix)
Genital Herpes
Simplex
-Recurrent lifelong viral
infection
-HSV 1(not sexually
transmitted) & HSV 2
Genital Ulcers
Syphilis
-Curable bacterial
infection
Genital Ulcers
Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease (PID)
Secondary to
STI
-Untreated
chlamydia
and
Brittney Brady
Neisseria
gonorrhoea
e
-Aerobic
gramnegative
intracellular
diplococcus
Many asymptomatic,
abnormal vaginal
discharge, dysuria,
cervicitis, abnormal vaginal
bleeding, bartholins
abscess, PID, rectal
infection, mild sore throat,
perihepatitis
Antibiotics
-Azithromycin &
Ceftriazone
Spread via
contact with
mucous
membranes
or breaks in
skin
Primary- Multiple painful
vesicular lesions,
mucopurulent discharge,
fever, chills, malaise,
dysuria, headache, genital
irritation lymphadenopathy
Secondary-Tingling, itching,
pain, unilateral genital
lesions
Primary:
-Chancre (painless
ulcer),
painless bilateral,
adenopathy
Secondary:
-Flu-like symptoms, rash
on trunk, palms, and
soles,alopecia,
adenopathy
Latency:
No more manifestations
Tertiary:
-Life-threatening conditions
-No cure
-Antiviral drug
therapy
-Acyclovir (Zovirax)
-Famciclovir
(Famivir)
-Valacyclovir
(Valtrex)
Spirochete
Treponema
pallidum
Ascending
polymicrobial
infection
STI/Maternity
Lower abdominal
tenderness,
adnexal tenderness,
cervical
motion tenderness,
-Azithromycin or
Docycycline should
accompany to treat
chlamydial infection
-Can be infected during
delivery
Effects on Baby:
- Gonococcal ophthalmia
neonatorum can lead to
blindness and sepsis
(including arthritis and
meningitis)
-HSV 2 can be infected
during birth
Effects on Baby:
- Skin or mouth sores
Mental retardation,
premature birth, low birthweight, blindness, death
-Benzathine Penicillin
G
-Doxyxyline if
allergic
-Can be passed in utero
-Broad-spectrum
antibiotics
(Cephalosporin with
doxycycline)
-Oral fluids
Uncommon in pregnancy
Effects on Baby:
- Can result in fetal or
infant death
-Congenital syphilis
symptoms include skin
ulcers, rashes, fever,
weakened or hoarse cry,
swollen liver and spleen,
jaundice and anemia,
various deformations
2
gonorrhea
fever,
dysmenorrhea,
dysuria, N/V,
abnormal vaginal
discharge
Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)
Immunocomp
romising
HIV virus
Human
Papillomavirus
(HPV)
- MOST COMMON
VIRAL INFECTION IN
THE U.S.
VaccinePreventable
STI
Human
papillomavir
us
Hepatitis A
VaccinePreventable
STI
Spread via GI
tract
Hepatitis B
VaccinePreventable
STI
Spread via
saliva, blood,
semen,
menstrual
blood, vaginal
secretions
Brittney Brady
STI/Maternity
1. Acute seroconversion
-Fever, pharyngitis,
rash, and
myalgia
-3 to 12 months before
seroconversion
2. Asymptomatic with
viral replication
-Immunosuppression
with
opportunistic
infections
3. AIDS
-CD4 T-cell count
reaches 200 or less
Many asymptomatic, visible
genital warts (condylomata)
that are fleshy papule with
a warty glandular surface,
painful, friable, pruritic,
large lesions resemble
cauliflowers, may bleed
easily
Flu-like symptoms with
malaise, skin rashes,
fatigue, anorexia, nausea,
pruritus, fever, upper right
quadrant pain
Similar to Hep A but with
less fever and skin
involvement
-Bed rest
-Analgesics
1. Earlier initiation
of antiretroviral
therapy (ART)
-When count
reaches 350500
2. Antiretroviral
drugs (ARVs),
3. HAART
(Highly active
antiretroviral
therapy)
-Combines 3
antiretroviral drugs
Effects on Baby:
- Transmission can occur
transplacentally, during
childbirth or through
breast milk
No treatment or cure
-Vaccine (Cervarix &
Gardasil)
-Treatment of
pancancerous
cervical
lesions/genital warts
(TCA, liquid nitrogen
cryotherpy, etc.)
-Self-limiting, does
not result in chronic
infection
-Hep A Vaccine
(prevent)
-Can cause serious
permanent liver
damage
-No specific
treatment exisit
-Hep B vaccine
(prevent)
Effects on Baby:
-None Known
Effects on Baby:
- Can become chronic
carrier of hepatitis B
which may lead to liver
cancer or cirrhosis
3
Scabies
Pubic lice
Ectoparasitic
Infections
Brittney Brady
Contact with
others
STI/Maternity
Scabies-intensely pruritic
dermatitis with lesions
Pubic-pruritus with lice or
nits , rash
-Permethrin cream
-Lindane shampoo
4
