SYMBOLOGY SOURCEBOOK FOR MILITARY APPLICATIONS
Content
MUA/
Research Note 86-74
In
M
0
SYMBOLOGY SOURCEBOOK FOR MILITARY APPLICATIONS
NBeverly
G. Knapp
TI=
Battlefield Information Systems Technical Area
Franklin L. Moses, Chief
SYSTEMS RESEARCH LABORATORY
Robin L. Keesee, Director
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*U.
S. Army
Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences
APRIL 1986
Approved for public release; disrbution unlimited.
X.-
91986
U. S. ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
A Field Operating Agency under the Jurisdiction of the
Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel
W
DARRYL HENDERSON
(X)L, IN
Commanding
EDGAR M. JOHNSON
Technical Director
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other primary distribution and will be avalleble to requestors only through DTIC or other reference services such
as1w National Technical InforeaionSaerni INTIS). The vilew, opinions, and/or findings contained in this
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report we those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position.
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policy. or decision, unless so designated by other official documentation.
IJ
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ARI Research Note
. TITLE
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September 1984 - January 1985
SYMBOLOGY SOURCEBOOK FOR MILITARY APPLICATIONS
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S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(&)
7. AUTNOR(')
Beverly G. Knapp
U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral
and Social Sciences. 5001 Eisenhower Avenue
Alexandria, VA 22333-5600
AREA&
12. REPORT DATE
April 1986
U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral
5001 Eisenhower Avenue
13. NUMBER OF PAGES
138
Alexandria, VA 22333-5600
4
14.
WORK UNIT NUMBERS
2QI62717A790
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and Social Sciences.
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1S. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revrse side It neceary and identify by block number)
Symbols
Military Symbology
Symbology Needs
Symbology Survey
TACSYM
FM 21-30
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The purpose of this document is to provide an up-to-date reference of all
available military symbols currently being used. This listing is preceded by a
summary of recent ARI research efforts in the area of the design and use of
The first
military symbology. The research efforts proceeded in three stages.
military
used
currently
of
many
organization
and
collection
the
stage required
the
included
catalog
This
conflicts.
identify
to allow comparisons and
symbols
Army Field Manual 21-30 and was the basis for a comprehensive database of
military symbols, known as TACSYM. TACSYM and several other sources 4not
-, (continued on back)
Aritmed by ARI) are listed in this document.
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EDITIO or,, NOV 6sIS OBSOETE
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vUNCLASSIFIED
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SECURITY CLASSIFCATIOR OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)
UNCIASSIFIED
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION Of THIS PAGE(hon Dala ABnfotd)
item #20
Abstract - continuation
e second research stage was a survey of user's symbology needs.
It revealed two major issues:
(1) symbols did not exist for many concepts, and
(2) therefore, users developed their own personalized illustrations for the
concepts, resulting in a myriad of symbols representing the same concept.
The third research stage was to experimentally investigate how to best develop
and portray military symbols. Symbol characteristics such as perceptual
discri~ainablity, associative value, and configuration have been found to affect
symbol detection. A systematic technique for choosing among alternative
symbols was developed and procedures for designing new ones are presently being
investigated.
/4
ii
UNCLASSIFIED
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(ft~an Data Enteted)
FOREWORD
Military symbology is a widespread communication system used by the Army
to convey battlefield information. For a number of years, the U.S. Army
Research Institute has been oriented toward developing better methods of
displaying symbols. Because new weapons are being developed at a rapid
pace, the Army Field Manual FM 21-30 does not contain symbols for many new
concepts. Research efforts have concluded that FM 21-30 needs to be updated so that new symbols are standardized, hence facilitating communication throughout the Army. This document summarizes recent ARI research in
symbology and catalogs many available sets of military symbols.
The U.S. Army Research Institute has been actively investigating the best
methods of graphically portraying military symbols. Research has identified specific factors that either improve or degrade symbol detection and
subsequent performance. Methods of designing and evaluating new symbols
are being studied, and a method for selecting among alternative symbols
has already been found. The ongoing efforts at ARI will ultimately lead
to a more clear understanding of visual battlefield information.
I
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.
Table of Contents
General Introduction and Research on Design and Use of Symbols
1
Symbol Sets
Introduction
14
TACSYM automated symbol catalog (17 military sources)
15
Air Defense Symbols
85
Radar Symbols
115
TACFIRE DPM Symbols
126
Wargaming Symbols
128
Experimental Symbologies
129
v
General Introduction and Research on Design and Use of Symbols
Military symbols are an integral part of conveying information pertinent to the battlefield.
Symbols are used to identify and summarize im-
portant unit information of all kinds.
Because they are used so
frequently, symbols have become a language, specified in Army Field Manual
21-30, Military Symbols.
Unfortunately, the needs and usefulness of sym-
bols have advanced beyond that specified by the FM and there are many
cases in Which two or more different symbols are used to portray the same
concept.
Furthermore, individual units have often found it necessary to
develop their own specialized symbols to convey information specific to
their needs.
See Figure 1.
With the increased deployment of distributed
C2 and automation, these practices may give rise to numerous problems,
including errors, time delays, confusion, and misunderstandings about the
intended message.
Therefore the overall quality of communication may be
degraded.
Researchers at the Battlefield Information Systems Technical Area of
The Army Research Institute developed a three-step program to investigate
the above-mentioned problems and issues in military symbology and to of:er
remedial steps and guidelines for using symbols.
The first stage involved
collecting and indexing many military symbols and compiling them into a
single database.
The product of this research stage was an automated
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catalog of military symbols (TACSYM).
The development of TACSYM induced a
second stage of research in which the symbolic
community were surveyed.
needs of the military
The third stage of research was a series of
experiments aimed at determining the best methods of symbolic portrayal.
The current sourcebook includes a summary of ARM research completed at
each of the three stages and a comprehensive hard copy listing of
available military symbols.
The first stage of research was to compile military symbols in a
cataloguing effort.
symbol database.
The result of such efforts was TACSYM, an automated
The database contains over 1000 military tactical
symbols (including the Army Standard FM 21-30) which are catalogued by
concept, category, and symbol source.
The completion of TACSYH highlighted the mismatches between symbols
such as those included in FM 21-30 and those actually used.
This was the
basis for initiating the second research stage, which was a survey of the
users' symbology needs (Landee, Geiselman, & Clark, 1981).
the survey was to a)
The purpose of
identify military concepts that did not have a
standard method (in FM 21-30) of graphic portrayal, and b)
existing non-standard, personalized ways.
examine the
It was therefore concluded
that FM 21-30 needed to be updated so that new concepts could be
represented.
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A rAmber of research efforts for resolving symbol conflicts comprised
stage 3:
a method for generating new symbols for FM 21-30 proposed by
Knapp (1983).
The method required concepts to be identified which were
either represented by too many symbols or were not represented at all.
Eight such concepts were presented to military personnel, who were asked
to illustrate each one by a drawing.
The elicited drawings were then
clustered according to obvious visual similarities.
The method thus
provides a systematic means of eliciting likely candidates for future use.
Once the candidates are generated and clustered, experts are then
presented with clear-cut options from which to determine a standard.
Symbol structure.
Geiselman, Landee, and Christen (1982) addressed
the problem of selecting among alternative graphic symbols by developing a
prototype index of perceptual discriminability.
Regression analysis of
inter-symbol similarity indicated that judged similarity was based on the
number of shared versus unique configural attributes (e.g.,
an X, a
triangle) as opposed to primitive symbol attributes (e.g., number of
lines, arcs).
These results were used to derive the prototype
discriminability-index formula, which was tested in a subsequent
!
experiment.
The formula can be adapted for general use to decide among
alternative symbols.
4
The distinction between primitive and configural attributes is
conceptually similar to a distinction between local (detailed) and global
(general) features.
Using a detection-task paradigm, Knapp (1985) found
that speed and accuracy of target symbol detection declined when the
target and distractor symbols were both from the same global category.
Consistent with a serial model of perceptual processing, speed and
accuracy of target symbol detection were better when the target was
presented alone than when the target was presented with the distractor.
Symbol meaning.
Once a symbol set has been chosen, the best method of
portraying each symbol must be determined.
In an early study (Bersh,
Moses, & Maisano, 1978), enlisted men rank ordered the strength of
association between simple graphic codes or symbols and military concepts.
Results indicated that half of all associations were classified as high or
medium and the other half were classified as minimal or insignificant,
suggesting that high associations may be "natural" and that low
associations may be "unnatural".
Earl (1982) examined the ability to learn symbols as a function of
symbol type (U.S., Soviet, or "pictographic").
Both learning and
detection performance were found to be significantly better for the
4
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.*
ARI-developed pictographic symbols than for the U.S. and Soviet symbols.
These findings support the use of pictographic images for ease of
learning.
More recently, Knapp (1984) compared two techniques for evaluating
symbol meaningfulness.
One group of military personnel was given a
paired-comparison task in which two symbols were presented; participants
chose the one that best represented a given concept.
A second group was
presented with a single symbol and was asked to rate how well it
represented a given concept.
Results indicated that abstract symbols -
those with a meaningful shape and outline, but little detail - were more
meaningful than either "picture" type images or arbitrary images which had
to be learned.
The meaningfulness of a symbol is a critical factor when
detailed map study is required; and abstract symbols are desirable for use
on computer generated displays.
Ciccone, Samet, and Channon (1979) developed a query-based methodology
for eliciting tactical requirements for constructing military symbols.
Experienced officers were asked to generate task-related tactical questions and their answers.
The question and answer sets were organized
according to tactical theme and level of detail.
These data sets repre-
sented information requirements which could form the basis for a dynamic,
flexible database for tactical symbology.
Ciccone et al. also analyzed
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the effectiveness of symbol design based on behaviors such as symbol discrimination, display search, and symbol learnability.
Guidelines for
improving symbol effectiveness, such as eliminating unnecessary detall/complexity and maximizing symbol discriminability, were suggested.
In summary, the Army Research Institute has taken steps toward
resolving symbol conflicts and developing techniques for creating new
symbols:
(1)
Survey of user needs for symbology.
Officers with field unit
experience and familiarity with current doctrine were surveyed to produce
an inventory of user needs for symbols to portray battlefield information.
In matching the needs cited with current symbols available for use (FM
21-30), it was shown that over 60% of user requirements are not
symbolized.
(2)
Step-wise procedure for designing new symbols.
ARI has
developed a method for isolating the components of "good" (easily located
and identified in a display) symbols based on the geometric and primitive
structures of the symbol, the associative value ("meaning") of the symbol,
and the understandability of the symbol.
*selected
The technique used symbols
from the TACSYM automated catalogue and compared them using
experimental means.
7
(3) Development of an algorithm to resolve symbol conflicts.
A
formula has been developed which allows discrimination between two or more
symbols which portray the same concept.
The formula assigns a numerical
rating to each symbol based on the user's perception of various configural
aspects of the symbol.
A higher value indicates a more highly
discriminable (more recognizable) symbol.
The research has clearly identified several recommendations for using
military symbology.
These recommendations are summarized in a flow chart
(next page, followed by specific examples), which suggests courses of
action for choosing or designing symbols.
Other recommendations include
incorporating the production and selection techniques used in ARI research
to update FM 21-30 to include previously unsymbolized concepts.
New
symbols should be empirically investigated prior to being implemented
because some lead to inadequate performance.
Once good symbol candidates
have been selected, they should be standardized so that widespread
communication is facilitated (see Landee & Geiselman, 1984).
8
Pocedres for Design and Uise of 'mctical Syirhols
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General Guidelines - Design and Use of Tactical Symbols
o For decisions regarding conflicts among 5 or fewer symbols, user judgments
are sufficient to select a standard symbol.
o
Selecting symbols for associative meaning:
1. Symbols which carry allot of associative meaning (rated high in terms
of relationship to intended concept relevant) are best used in tasks which
require prolonged map study and heed to be remembered through time.
2. Symbols with abstract
just as meaningful as symbols
ones are thus recommended for
and will be more amenable for
Example:
Concept
(outline) shapes that highlight the concept, are
which are more pictoral in nature. The abstract
use since they are easy to identify and learn,
use in computer generated displays.
HELICOPTER
Abstract
Pictoral
Recommended
Not Recommended
o Selecting symbols for immediate recognition value: The structure of symbols
(shapes, lines, orientation, etc.), is important in tasks where it is necessary
to search for and locate a particular symbol quickly.
In selecting a symbol for use in this application, particular attention must
be paid to the symbol structure to insure that it is not too similar to other
symbols to be used on the map display.
10
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.
.
Procedure for Design and Use of Tactical Symbols:
Symbol Condition:
1.
2.
Too many symbols for one concept (helicopter)
Determine usage requirement:
Rate symbols for similarity:
I
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very similar
3.
4.
Example
immediate recognition on map display
use 15-20 individuals
I
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very dissimilar
Select top 2-3 symbols for similarity/dissimilarity.
Conduct performance task:
devise map display task using 15-20 individuals.
ask each individual to find
predetermined target symbol
after brief map exposure.
5. Recommend best (easiest to detect) symbols for use; have task force finalize
selection of one symbol.
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REFERENCES
Bersh, P., Moses, F. L., & Maisano, R. E. Investigation of the strength of
association between graphic symbology and military information. (Technical
Paper No. 324), September, 1978, U.S. Army Research Institute for the
Behavioral & Social Sciences.
Ciccone, D. S., Samet, M. G., & Channon, J. B. A framework for the
development of improved tactical symbology. (Technical Report
PATR-1063-79-4-(1). April, 1979. Prepared for the U.S. Army Research
Institute for the Behavioral & Social Sciences by Perceptronics.
Earl, W. K. Learning & recognition of U.S., Soviet & pictographic military
symbology. (Technical Report No. 583).
June, 1982. U.S. Army Research
Institute for the Behavioral & Social Sciences.
Geiselmar, R. E., Lardee, B. H., & Christen, F. G. Perceptual discriminability as selecting graphic symbols. Human Factors, 1982, 24(3),
329-337.
Knapp, B. G. Production method for designing tactical symbols: A case
study. (BISTA Working Paper No. 83-2). August, 1983. U.S. Army Research
Institute for the Behavioral & Social Sciences.
Knapp, B. G. Scaling military symbols:
A comparison of techniques to derive
associative meaning. Paper presented at the Human Factors Society Meeting,
October 1984, San Antonio, TX.
Knapp, B. G. The precedence of global features in the perception of map
symbols. (Research Report, in press). U.S. Army Research Institute for
Behavioral & Social Sciences.
Landee, B. H., & Geiselman, R. E. Graphic portrayal of battlefield
information: Executive summary. (Research Report No. 1369). March, 1984.
Prepared for the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral & Social
Sciences by Perceptronics.
Landee, B. M., Geiselman, R. E., & Clark, C. S. Military symbology: A usercommunity survey. (Technical Report No. 582). September, 1981. Prepared
for the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral & Social Sciences
by Perceptronics.
12
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SYMBOL SETS
5.
13
Introduction
This section of the sourcebook presents sets of symbols for military
applications.
It Is divided into subsections based on the source of the symbol collection. Part 1 contains over 900 symbols from 17 current standard or
proposed military systems compiled as TACSYM - the automated tactical
symbology catalog-produced for the Army Research Institute. This catalog,
in its automated version, allows personnel to call up the TACSYM program
on a computer display terminal and view symbols by indexing them according
to selected categories or concepts. The user has control over which symbols may be viewed by selecting from a menu of categories and concepts. A
hard copy print out of these categories in Part 1. Part 2 contains Air
Defense symbols from 7 sources. Part 3 contains radar symbols used in
various experimental activities. Part 4 contains symbols currently
available for printing on the digital plotter map of the TACFIRE system.
Part 5 are examples of symbols in a wargaming application.
Part 6 contains symbols used in various experimental programs with a military scenario. All of the symbols contained in parts 2 - 6 are planned for
eventual inclusion 'n the TACSYM automated catalog of symbols, so that
they may be categorized and thus available for viewing and indexing. Each
collection of symbols is preceded by a brief introduction explaining its
nature and background.
14
Part 1.
TACSYM Automated Symbol Catalog
An automated catalog of tactical symbols has been compiled and designated "TACSYM" (tactical symbology). Over 900 military symbols are catalogued by concept, category, and symbol source (see lists of each on pages
to follow). TACSYN is accessed by interacting with a computer terminal ,
so that in realtime a user may index and view symbols by any of the three
parameters (source, category concept). TACSYM also contains a tutorial of
overall TACSYN structure, methods for constructing and inputting new symbols, and text describing current studies in symbology.
The TACSYM catalog highlights the facts that (1) There are a vast
quantity of unique symbols in existence, many of which portray the same
concept:
(2) That there are no current available symbols to portray
certain types of battlefield information projected as critical for future
needs (e.g., unit status, threat, mobility, etc.).
TACSYM is currently deployed at the computer graphics facility at
CASAA, Ft. Leavenworth, KS, and is soon to be installed at the laboratory
facility at HQ ARI, Alexandria, VA.
i1
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Symbology Sources currently contained in TACSYM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
DIVRAS - DARCOM Division Realtime Applications Study
NATO D-49 - NATO Standard (1970)
TCO - Marine Corps Tactical Control Operations
FM 31-30 - Army Standard Symbols (1970)
TOS - Tactical Operations System
CPS - Combat Power Symbology
BETA Test Bed - Battlefield Exploitation/Target Acquisition
MIFASS - Marine Integrated Fire and Air Support System
9.
TAOC-85 - Marine Tactical Air Operations Center - 1985
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
TACC - Marine Tactical Command Center
ITAOC - Marine Improved Tactical Air Operations Center
AF-E-3A PPI - Air Force Tactical Air Control Systems
AF 407L/485 LT - Air Force Tactical Air Control Systems
PLRS - Position Location/Reporting System
AFR 55-25 - Air Force Tactical Air Control Systems
FM 101-5-1 - Staff Officer's Field Manual
CDEC-VIDS - Combat Developments Experimentation Center Vehicle Integrated Defense System
a
16
Un
Symbol Categories in TACSYM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Activity
Aviation
Communication
Vehicles
Tactical Unit
Measle
Combat Service Support
Nuclear-Rio-Chemical
Obstacles and Fort
Installations
Weapon
17
Symbol Concepts in TACSYM
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
45
46
47
48
49
58
51
Action
Bridging
Ferrying
Movement
Destroyed
Phoney
Propoganda
69 Responsibility
9
10
11
12
13
-14
15
16
17
18
19
28
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
3
36
37
36
39
48
41
42
43
44
Snorkeling
Aerial
Antisubmarine
Aviation
Bomber
Close Air Support
Drone Aircraft
Fighter
Fixed Wing Aircraft
Helicopter
Marine
High Performance
Medevac
Rescue
Seaplane
Transport
Emit
Message Center
Signal
uclear
Formation
Reconnaissance
Jamming
Radar
Radio
Telephone
Teleprinter
Television
ADP Central
Elec. Navig. Aid
Microphones
Target Designator
Visual Station
Amphibious
Animal
Armoured
18
Boat
C-Cube
Cargo
Engine
Ferry
Air Cavalry
Hovercraft
52 Operational
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
61
83
84
85
96
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
CBR
Chemical
Combined Arms Army
CE]I
C2 Element
Decontamination
Command
96 Electronic
Communication
97 Electronic Warfare
Over-snow
98 Engineer
Personnel
Food
Missile
100 Infantry
Railway
101 Fuel
Shooter
102 Irregular Forces
Sledge/sled
103 Maneuver Unit
Vehicle
104 Marines
Ship
105 Brigade
Airfield
106 Military
107 Mortar Fire Unit
Submarine
Tracked
108 Motor Rifle
Landing Site
109 Mountain
Train
110 Movers
i1 Navy
Wheeled
112 Ordnance
Unspecified
113 Parachute
Landing Zone
114 Reinforcement
Vehicles
115 Shooters
Surface
116 Special Forces
Seaplane Station
117 Bio or Chem Event
Landing Vehicle
118 Contamination
MICV
119 Radioactive Area
Air Defense
Ammunition
120 Radioactive
Air Mobile
121 Targets
122 Booby Trap
Air Transportable
123 Bridge
Air Naval Ground
124 DemolItion
Airborne
125 Fence
Antiaircraft
126 Data Processing Unit
Antitank
127 Dental
Armour
128 Maintenance
ArwN Security Agcy
129. Major. End Items
Artilleru
130 Medical
Collecting Point
131 Hospital
FA
132 Medical Supply
Construction
SYMBOL CONCEPTS
133
134
135
136
137
13a
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
168
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
Mines
Missile Supply
Multi-Class
Multirole
Nuclear Storage
Personal Demand
Repair Parts
Wire
Obstacle
Subsistence
Traffic Control
Unknown Logistic
Water
Force
Headquarters
Landing
Logistics Unit
Marine Amphibious
Aero Medical
Motor Transport
Petroleum Supply
Shore Party Team
Support
Rear Area Operations
Service
Trains
Ground Attack
ICV
Tank
Clothing
Plane
Flame Thrower
Gun
Mortar
Naval Gunfire
Rifle
Rocket
Rocket Launcher
Weapon
Smoke Generator
Track:
Vegetation
Toxic Agent
Trenches
Zone
Commo Site
Howitzer
19
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BETA TEST BD
FM 21-30, ETA EST ]ED
UNIT/
Air Def ense/
rtillerM
DI a 1.63
IT '
TACICA.
Air Defense"
artiller
BETA TEST 20
ADA unknown, or Rqt or Stry.
DI 2.13
IjiI
UIT'/
TACTICAL
Dfense
Air
Air
t
artlller ee
target
1.2.5
Ir
I,:S
A
~l
Unilt size is noted below
TEST 10
"ETA
TACTICA. LT/
Air W ~fense
missile
TCTICAL
RV
See Missile for related
CP
T1I
Air Deene'
* missile Can@~j
20
1.2.7
CATEGORY,,,cOaT/
TACrlC L UNIT/
Air Defense/
tube
1.3.1
mnwWIl
TACTICFG. LIMIT/
Air PbbiIt/
SOLRCE AN FVV
SW OL
CPS
D
M21-30t NATO D-49(198)
DI a 9. 73
1.3.2
TACT1M LIIT/
TOG
Air flobile/
1.3.3
DI a 2.63
TCTI: LIMIT/
C
Air lbb ie/
has sufficient air web helos
to conduct air mob operations
NATO D-49(1980)
TACTICAL LIIITI
*1.4.1
Air Transportable.I
1.5.1
TACTICF. UNITAir Naval ground/
liaison
TCO
1.6.1
TACTICL
FmI 21-38, TO!
1.6.2
1.6.3
Airborne/
NIY
~DI
[~
]
TACTIC.L IUMT/
Airbornu/
TACTIIF
Airborne/
CP
97
a 9.73
ETA TEST BED
ywbo I
same as NATO D-49
parachute alimbol.
B-ETA TEST IM
LIIT
21
-'Ie
I
DI
*1.63
CaPT/
O1TEGORYC
S0MRM ANC
SYMBOL
1.6.4
TACTICL. UIT/
Airborne/
inmntraU
FI 21-30t Tr6
1.7.1
TACTIAL. UIT/
YCO
q
Afphlbious/
1.7.2
TACTIC L LIIT/
arphlb iousi
FM 21-30, IiTO D-49(10)
1.3.1
TACTICAL MT/
AF -3A
nt itank/
F V
,TO
DI a 1.63
TACTICAL UNIT/
Ant itank/
CPS
1.9.3
TACTICAL WIT/
Altitwtk/
hel ,opter
NATO D-49(19w)
1.9.4
TACTICAL IT/
itank/
Ait
missile
missi e
1.9.2
.
1.16.1
"PPI
0 " 4.Ze
DI
I
\
I/
I MA
NA:TO D-49( 190)
See
Missile
for related
sy bol
$*
PM 21-30, HATO D-49(199e)
TACTICAL UIT/
TOS, BETA TEST
T
rmowr/
22
D
1.18.2
1.1.3
TxTcFL UiI"CP
DI 0 5.18
A-aw
nl213
DI a 1.58
WOICFL LtII1
wrmr/
Uit size is noted below
A.Nm**
Set InfenttUV for rela e
A-mo r
avbo.1.
infamum
1.18.6
1.11.1
P1 21-30* 106. DET14 lET
TFCTIC(. L UIT/
recce or cay
LMIT/
wayd Secur ityAgcW
12-3
4rrCTIF
Ai
1.121 r~TIVLL31r/HTO
-49(190)
Immiediate request 600b1,
siaz e n t d below Ov 16 l %b
frtillew~
3
23
CATEGORY/CONCEPT/
1.12.3
WArS
TCTICF. LIlY
m(~~)Im
1.124
1.12.5
1.12.6
SOLPM Mt FiraM
SYMBOL
Imirdate request symb*ol1,
size noted below s*Whol.
WASF
TACTICF. LHZT/Pet IIlerVI
taget
Size noted below sjVjirol.
TATICR.L UNIT/
FM 21-3, TOG
TACTIO.LtII?'
HATO D-49(1990)
Artiller~
rocket
E
1.12.?
TFCTICF. UNIT/CP
A-t i I rV/
rocket (eneN)
1.12.8
TCTIO. LI4IT/
A-t llervd'
PR.
BTA ~T
TACTICF1L LIT/
cp
1.13.1
3ED
See weapons section for other
mutrocket launcher s*Vmbo is.
tube Cenwj)
b
1.14.1
F" 21-30
TACIL UaII?
DI 0 2. 63
1.14.2
TA~TI.
[~J
iLHITo
24
MATO D-49C19W)
DI
a
1.38
SVIUO
OUEQMCRO'cu7T/
1.15.1
TACTICAL UZT/
Chemical/
SOLRC AMFO
TOS
Symbol represents chemical or
chemical decontamination unit
1.15.2
TACTIC
BTETA TEST lE
U.IT/
Chemical/
defense
1.16.1
1.16.2
I
1.17.1
1.19.1
TCTI. LWlIT/
Combined Arms Arwj/
TOG
I a .7
TACTICAL. UMIT/
CA
Combined Irm B rm /
TACTICI:L UNTr/_,CEWI/
TACTIC
BETA TEST IM
DI * 6.73
HATO D-49(190))
s ETA TEST 10
LWIT/
CE Element/
-
R
+
if £-3A PPI
1.19.1
TACTICAl.
Cowmsn/ UT/
1.19.2
TACTICAL LIIT/
COMM
post
FMI 21-30, IPTO D-49(1980)
, TOSG BETA TEST ED
DI a 1.63
1.19.3
TACTIOa. LT/
cps
post
DI s S.19
-
iF E-3A PI
25
. . ..- .,,
*.. . .
,..
. ..,.-.. ..
-,
.
, _ . , ,-. ,
.+, . . .
.
1..1
1.21.1
TACOL IMIT/
Elecrni Wefarel
FMI 21-3U
inl
(EetoiW)Irae
(DI)
See sinlfor related
Sial DI a 1.63
TACTIOL IMT/
NATO2-1- fiOP-9198
bridging
1.21.4
TACTIO:L WT/
Engineer/
bridging
eae
a 4.3
Engi~/DI
TACTIL LWIT#'
Eng
~
0 aI1.6.3
Eng lnees
1.21.3
CV
SYBLSOLPRCA
CAiEOCmCCK/
CPSO~491
~DI
LI
a 421
2i1
FMI 21-30, BETA TEST BED
I*~'4
.13
1.21.5
TACTIOLt UWT
EngiSneer/'
pipeline bridge
META TEST IID
1.32.1
TWCI. UIIT/
Infaitrg/
FMI 21-3U, TOGS, BETA TEST IM
1.32.2
VCTIC.
FMI 21-U0
LWT
26
AI x1eVR'ONETZ
1.2.3
TACTI.
9CiRCE AM O
Swl'UO
IRTO D-"(190)
LIIT/
DI
1.2.4
tATO D-49(190), TOS
TACTICA LT T,
InfantW~
mechanized
1.2.5
HATO D-49C 199
TACTICAL LUIT
Infantry/
mtor ized
IrregulJar Forove/
1.24.1
TACTIAL UNIT/
1Mneuver Lbhit
UCTA TEST 30
1.25.1
TACTCAL LH1T/
D-49(19ES)
NA___1TO
11sr nhs/
1.56.1
TACTICAL WtT/
"ItIttwv/
into IIipec
1.5.2
J.L
P1M 21-30, TOG
t HATO D-49(980)
also refers to security and
Interrogation
P11 21-38, NATO "(4190)
aTOG
TACTCAL LIT/
"I I taw.
27
1.V7.3
TACTICA.L UWZ/
missile,
rocket annd guided
1.27.
TFCTICAL UIITe
missi I@/
1.27.5
WZ
TACTICI..LIIT
SOURC F RENNGAc
S'iUC
CATEGORAMWNPT4
I (i I
21-30
___FM
_
For related symbols see AD
uit and AD weapon symb~ols.
NATO D-49(1988)
AF
eo
-3 PPX
niissile/
1.27.6
TACTICA.. LIIT'
W E-IR PPI
1.27.?
TACTXCA LW4T/
Miss iIs/
HATO D43(19U)
For related symbols see P-T
1.27.0
Hliss ilt/
1.V.J
TACIA. UNIIT/IO
Hiss ilIt
tactical
TACTICA. LtZT/
tAIL]eapons symbols.
[il]
Mrtr
ireZhto
DI a 1.63
3ETA TEST BED
DI
.213
Size to noted an top of
symbol with size vyv~ols-
I
28
1.29.1
CPS
TACTICA:L LHT
Pbtoe
W
SOLR
S'UOL.
,'~T
c:ITrGRY-c
Rifl1e/
Fi 21-30, HATO D-49(199)
1.3.1
TACTIO:L UIT/
1.31.1
TCTICIIL .IIT/
row~ers/
DI a S.18
TACTICFL LIT/
DZI¥1AS
1.31.2
Mountain/
ETA TEST 1E
"Wers/DI
a 3.83
HL"i
1.32.1
TACTICL. I.IT/
NA:TO D-49(199)
1.33.1
TACTICL. Ll'T/
Ordnane/
FYI 21-3
1.33.2
1.34.1
l-1.34.2
TACTIA.
DI w 1.63
HATO D-49(19W)
IT,'
Ordnance/
DI - 1.63
TATICA UIT/
parachute/
F"I 21-30
I'ACTICFL WIT/
HATO D-49(19M0)
DI -1.18
parchue/
aoAirborne unit sOW*ol
lEW.
S[iETA
29
* *'L~%-*.*
*.*
1.35.1
1.36.1
SOIRCE FM El'V(
SyIUOL
aCTER'iAtCET/
AfTO D-49(1980)
TACTIL UI.T/
oconnaisalncel
FM 21-30,
Inforcement/
LW4T/
Re
TACTIF
)
-91
IT D-49(980)
IMTO
u
TOG, BETA TEST BED,
IASS
holding unit
BETA TEST
FL
W IT/
ShoterT1
1 .3 7 .1
T:CTI
1.W7.2
TACTIO:L LJWT/
Shooters/
artillery
1.7.3
Shootef's/
TCTICOL U4T/
ED
unknown shoters
DIYRFIS
0
DI'S
mlssileA(cket
1.38.1
TACTICAL LJIT/
Signal/
FM 21-30, NATO D-49(1980)
v BETA TESTBED
1.38.2
TACTIAL LiN /
BETA TEST IM
intol igence
See electronic warfare
1.39.1
TACTICR. UICIT/
Special Foc/F
iTO D-49(19M)
1.40.1
LlT
TACTICFL
Vehicle/
light assmlt
TCO
Si gnal/
30
!
'
*
*
*
*%-
2.1.1
frY/MOK/
VIA1ZCW
1.2.1
A rcr af t( A)C
P
VIATIOtV
2.4.1
AV1A
2.4.2
1~'
Fm at jon/
D-49(1 9 80)
ATO
ii 2 -~
X
30. DIMS
Ii Z17~
2.4.3~~F
98
04TIOWtTOD9C
gi t I on/
2.4.4
DI m5.18
D
Ajt~ttAn'
2..4.
-.
CT
WIATIr
-49(51
ES
0
-p19n
I als
fmialbw
DtI
$Waton
kheiOt
13
*
OATIOWVF~
.5.1
this s*iCk1O represents trans-
9"W1Q.
-
port viat~in In HTO V49
Air frce
31
P/
2.5.2
OL
SSM/IE
S
)
AVIATIOrV
SOLRC
IA
S
WTO D-49 19W)
mber/
Air Fore
2.6.1
ArIfATIOW
iIFWS
2.7.1
AVIATIOI
FMl 21-30
Close Air Support/
Done Aircraft/
Air Force
2.8.1
AVUTOIV
Fighter/
Air Force
2.3.2
AVIATIOWV
Fighter/
M 21-30, NATO D-99(19 )
A
F 21-30
Air Force alI
heather
2.0.3
AYVATIOK'
righter/
boer Air Force
2.3.4
AVIATIOW
FI1 21-30
a
F" 21-30
righter/
Air Force tactical
IIght wight strike
2.9.5
=,O
2.8.6
AV1ATIOWV
C3:C-WDs
VR 55
righter/
32
UZ
CA7EQR/C*WGT/
AVIATIOW
2.1.?
Fi ghter/
one"
5CLRCE AN IC1"(
SYMBOL
TOS
Fighter/
A
Air Ta
Track
Interceptor
unpaired
2.9.9
9
PPC
-3
F
AVTIGV
Fixhter/
Inte¢eptor
l
A
rc
raat
paired
2.9.1
AflVATIOW
Fixed Wing Aircraft/
Force
Air
2.9.2
AVIATIOWN
YITO D-49(1 8)
FT21-3 0
wing Aircraft/
Fixed
I joht-Air forc e
2.9.3
AVIATIOI
Fixed Wing Aircraft/
HATO D-49(1IF)
2.9.4
FVIAIOW
MIF:S
Fixed Wing Aircraft/
Air Track
AVIATIOW
Te
*2.9.5
Fixed Wing Aircraft/
C
attack squadron
2.9.6
tAW1TII0V
Fixed Wing Aircraft/
fighter attack
jVI
Tsn
plus three nuuets
TCO
C
33
:I
VA plus 3 nuuer
CAtT/RY'NCsPT/
SOIRCE
SBOL
N
2.9.?
AVIATI- W
Fixed Wing Aircraft/
HO and Iaintenance
TCO
2.9.S
AVIATIGCV
Fixed Wing Aircraft/
observat ion
TCO
2.19.1
AVIATION/
Ground Attack/
aircraft
ETA TEST ED
2.19.2
AVIATIOW
Ground Attack/
aircraft A1l
CDCC-VIIS
AVIATION
Helicopter/
ETA TEST ED
AVIATIOW
ETA TEST BED
2.11.1
2.11.2
Hel icopter/
2.11.3
AVIATION
He I copter/
2.11.4
2.11.5
NTC Test
note ArmW helicopter symbolHATO
symbol represents helos or
helo lz
MIFASS
Air Track
AVIATION/Wl
l*1 i copters
PLRS
AVIATIOW
He I copter'
Air Force
FMI 21-30, NATO D-49(1968)
,TCO
rotary wing
or low
performance aircraft
P 21-31
2.11.6
ffmP1AT-V
Hel icopter/
DI - 4.33
2.1?
AVIATIOW
He I itopter/
W D-49(19U)
tTO
S.6
2.11.8
A/1ATIOWHAOD4190
He1Iiopter/
antitank
2.11.9
AVIATIOWVO
Hit I copter/DIa56
attackIDI*68
2.11.19 AVIATICW
1*1 icopter/
attack
[ :Z
cowrb5t aviation DI
*1.63
CDEC-VIDS
2.11.11 AVIATIONW
He Ictopter/
attack
1
2.11.12 AVIATICW
Hel icopter/
attack1
TCO
TO D-49(1988)
W'
2.11.13 AVIATION'
He IIcoptt/
combat
2.11.14 AVIATIOW
9ETA TWS BED
er~l
as or~ett
TOM
..
7ojIw
He I
35
sighted tnsumj helicopter
CATEaRY/CCPT-'
SuL
9LRE NFt
2.11.15
AVATIOW
H
track enemb
airI icopter'
TADC-0
u
he oItansport-elemI
unknow'
or friend
2.11.16
AVIATIOG
He |iCOpter'
eIlemr
/
TAOC-5
fVIATIOIV
Hel!icopter'
enelm
TACC,
2.11.17
Air Track symbol for hostile,
general, helo/transport
[J
ITADC
Air Track symbol for unknown,
assumed enemy helo
HIFASS
2.11.19 AVIATIOK
He I icopte'
2*.11.19A
Air Terget Smbol
AVIATIOW
Hlicopters/
friend
AF £-3A PPI
2.11.20 AVIATIOW
FRicopters
friend
AF E-3A PPI
2.11.19
2.11.21
Air Track for unpaired
friendl helo
Air Track for paired
friendly halo
AF 4M485 L T
Air Track for unpaired
friendly heo
AVXATIO/
Siope
frie
AF 40L/465 L T
2.11.22 AVIATIOW
2.11.2
fe I icopterd
Air Track for paired
friendly helo
tWVIATIOW
friend ttAir
TACC, ITAOC, TOC-"65
Track for friendly helo,
general. no statement
36
ZVI~**~
AN
TACC, IT:C
2.11.24 AWIATIOtV
HeI!icoptwer'
r nd
1
Air Track for unknown, assumed friendly helo/transport
TOC
2.11.5 AVIATIOI'
He I icopter/
heavy
2.11.2
SUM
r4UOL
CPTEGORY/cOt4WPT
see also transport helo
smb~ol_
Ir
l21-30
AR
AVIATION
HeI icopter/
hea wmj
helo
see
1 transport
s~wd~oalso
CDEC-vIDS
2.11.28 AVIATIOW'
He I icopter/
H/MFS
2.11.29 AVIATIOW
HI l eopter/
pickup
,IFASS
..
2.11.30 AVIATIOV
Heilicopter/
F 21o30
2.11.31 AVIATIOW'
He I icopter/
t nsport
Air royce
2.12.1
MRS
AYIATIOV
High Perfermmnce/
aircraft
37
PU
-.
* ,..
,.
. -. +,,.,....,.
. +.
,-
,,.
,. - .
+,
. ,. ,
.
.
-, +. .....
..
.
.......
_ ...
...
r,.
. .
.
. -
2.13.1
TCO
AVIATIOW
Mlar itl
H
Air Control Group
2.13.2
2.13.3
2.13.5
TC
AVIATION
Ibr ie/
Air Control
AVIATON'
Marine/
Air Support
2.13.4
SOLRCE AND Fea
SflEC
CTEGOR/CUMCEPT/
AVIATIO V
Marine/
Wing Command
__
TCO
CXD
TC
CXD
TC
AVIATIOW
Marino/
Wing NO Squadron
2.13.6
AVIATIOtV
j
Marine/
Wing Support Group
2.14.1
2.15.1
AVIATIOIV
edevac/
MIiFSS
AVIATIOV
TOS
unit size is noted
below syulbol
Plane/
sighted enem plane with
Ccargo
2.16.1
TC
FM 21-30, NATO
AVIATIO/ I-49(19M)
Reconnaisesance/
Air Force
38
d~
characteristics
J*
9
uaconnaisssnce,
light Wight
Z - 30
rm~
A ir Force
rte imi lart yto
1d'a
4
AVIATIOW
2.1.1
Air Force
~
fill21-30
tWTO 1)-491
ort'bowber
AVITIw Trans
2.19.1
9 0)
24 13
in F Mu
01rp~e
ti
n9
fu'213
2.19.2
AvIAT1
Air Force
F
RiIAT1OW'fu2-0
Airfitold/
~~
2.2.2
fr4ATIOW
Airfitold/
.1.1
AV1I~'fl'
®
CTA
tTw
IRE
13.
Lan
M in S
2.212
130 ~
TO D -4 (
PIATICW
Land ing Site/
39
9
2.21.3
SOLRE
SYMBOL
CATEORY/CONCET'
FN 21-30, TCD
AVIATIOW
Landing Site/
he! icopter
2.21.4
AVZATIOIV
Landing Site/
he Iicopter
tTO D-49(1988)
2.22.1
AVIATION
Landing Zone/
he Iicopter
ETA TEST BD
2.2.1
AVIATIOCV
Seaplane Station"
FN 21-30, TCO
3.1.1
COBT SER. SUPPORT/
D igade/
service support
COMBAT SO. S.PPORT/
TCO
3.2.1
Data
'
L Z
ID U
R-ocessing/
TC
SPPORT/
3.3.1
COI1WT SER.
3.4.1
,T ER. SUPORT/
Engineer/
2.5.1
3
COMBT SER. SJPRT/
NATO D-49(1990)
Dental/
service support
,
C
-
TC
[SiG
40
V.
-
T(:0
Headquarters/
and service
3.7.1
3.9.1
AS
TOO
CW1T SER. SUIPQRT/
Landing/
support
COMAT SEP. SUPPORT/
LogisticsLht/
LS
3.9.2
"
-
CO BAT SE. SUPPORT/
Logistics Lbn1V
t:TO D-49(1988)
unspecific or multirole
(
I
E
*
A ESM
SOUR EtV
SYMBCL
CTGORYA1CONCIEPTe
COMBAT SE]R. SUPPORT3/
3.6;.1
,,,
HIATO D-49(1968)
STunspecified
multirole
9.73
for some nations DI 0
3.9.1
COMBAT SER. SUPPORT/
Maintenance/
FI 21-30, WTO D-49(19680)
NETA TEST ID
B
3.9.2
COMBAT ER. SUPPORT/
Phaintenancu/
TS
note s8ubol for maintenance
transportation - 3.9.4
aviation
3.9.3
COMIT SER. SUPPORT/
TOS,
F
Majntenance/
note s8mbol 3.9.5
s ignal
3.9.4
3.9.5
CO
TSE. S.IPORT/
MPintenance/
transportation
I
FI 21-38
)
J
note synwol 3.9.2
COWIT SDR. SUPPORT/
I 21-31
and muif
note sauwol 3.9.3
Phi ntena'ice/
41
'I
DI a 1.63
cATEG;oRY, CmaPT'
3.10.1
TOD
COBA ER. S.FPORT/
rwrine Aphihious/
service support grp.
3.11.1
orx c
90201.
M 2 -0
AO D 4 1 W
FM 2130BET M D(58
w 1.63
CMM1T SMR. 9.FpCR/
redical/DI
3.11.2
COMIAT sER. SLFPORT/
Mrdital/specific
NATO V-49(18)
to Turkey
DI a 1.63
3.12.1
COMAT SER. 9.FPORT/
Alero redical/
TOG
3.13.1
COMAT MR- S.FPMR/
Mtor Transport/
TCO
3.14.1
COPMAT SER. 9POR
Personnel & Admin./P
FM 21-30 TMG
3.15.1
WSAT SER. 9.FPORT/
Petroleum supply/'
TOG
3.16.1
COCIAT SER. 9FPWT
So rt Par t y Te
a m/S
ICO
2.17.1
COIWT SER. ULPORT/
Spp lyl
TCO
L
42
r
5YrD2.
O ''[OILY '
StlM= FM~ RD
rCATEGMCoCHPT/
3.19.1
COI:T SR. SJPPORT/
DEl*.2.
SuppoV
3.1.2
F" 21-30,
9NPO"
COMT
9ipprV5.
.
n
a 0.73
support/DI
TS
.j
3.19.3
CMT So. IPPOT'
support/
3.19.4
Toss, BETA ET
..
I5s
COMBAT S.
BETA TEST ID
combtat servi ce
3.19.5
COMAT SM. S.FPORTI
9jporV
COBT
Support/9C.
i3.19.6
S
I~j
BETA TEST ID
TO
"RT
D • 0o73
corps
I:
T-3iO
3.18.?
CO'MT SR. .FPRT/
3.18.7
corps
Support/
SJ'POVRT
COM T SE. Support/DI
corps
3.19.9
COMT SER. S.FPORT
TOG
3.19.1
CMT SER. Sl.OR/
TOS
v4.73
DI
,F2-3
a 4.79
support/
center
[
43
:%(.
BED
2.20.1
COPMAT SUR. SYRT'
Servical
3.21.1
COMBI
3.21.3
3.21.4
*1class
3.21.5
3.22.1
sippi/
L:DI
/d
COMBAT SO-. &LPCRT/
Supp lv'
V
D
0.2
NTO D-49(1980)
syfltol 3.22.1
63
1.
DI e
rIOS
L~jDI
a 1.63
TOG
I
COMBAT SR- SFPORT/
706
and transportation
EATS
COIT goR. S.FPWR/BEABTI
Tr i m
3.22.2
-Trains/'
MM
flI 21-30
COBAT SCR. 9LP1ORT/
Sff
IV/note
COIDAT 9CR. S3PC
E
FM 21-300 TIOG
-
9CR. SJPORT
SUPPIV/
3.21.2
SOLRC
SYMBOL
CA17EGOR/Ch1VT/e
COIWT SE.
S1L*RT/'
DI a 1.63
note synbc 1 3.21.2
FM 21-39
DI
&2.1~ WmT SR. SLPWr/
Transportat ton/'
*2.13
FM 21-30, HATO D-49(1980)
TOS, BETA TEST KD
S'YMOL
CATGOCRYACICP1
IHTlbrLA..TIOW6
4.1.1
4.1.2
a4.39
Aiurtjolt
DI
IDWT.LIATIOW'
NATO D-49(1980)
a 4.33
Auumjnit
4.1.3
SOLA= AM F1';
FMH 21-30,TO
i~DI
HTO D-49(1980)
NA
ItTFLLATIOIE'
Amunit ion
air defene
4.1.4
NATO D-49(1980)
IWETPLLATIOI
alr defense
missi les
4.1.5
ThA.LATIOt'
Ammun it ion/
rwsured
NTO D-49(19)
4.1.6
ISTA.LATIOtW
IFM 21-30
4.1.?
4.1.3
AuM Ition/
rtll.er
IATO D-49(1999)
D ASTALATIOB'
Ammnit ion/
art I er
Sun
'
ATLIATIO
A D-49(1980)
iTO
'
Amjnition/
art i I ll1
missile
4.1.9
ITO D-49(1999)
VI5TP.ATIO',
obtiltio/
art iI lieu
rocket
45
-:.
*
.'%~.'7
CATEGORYWItot1T/
AND .FdMMG
9~ULSOLRE
4.1.19
TA.LATOW
l un iti /D
aviation
Air Force
P1M'21-30, TOD
a .
DI • 5.79
4.1.11
IDSTU.LATIOIPW
inTO D-49(1980)
Amon ition/
aviation
Air Force
DI - 5.73
I6TPLL.ATIOHS
Ammun it ion/
aviation
FM 21-39
I TqLLATIS/
Aunnition/
aviation a.a73
FATO D-49(190C)
4.1.14
IT.LATIO
1
Aun
it
ion/
conventional
FM 21-30, T1
4.1.15
L.OWX
MALT
FM 21-30, TO
4.1.12
4.1.13
DI a 5.78
D a
rocket and
guided missile
4.1.16
4.1.17
4.1.1
IrNSTI.LATIOG'
Amun it ion/
rn
small r5.78
I
s
OWATXO16'
PMT
tall
uirn
IITR.LATIOI/
imjn it In
FM 21-38, TC
Da
ITO 1>-49(190)
,.
DI - 3.48
, 21-3.
p."
INS,6T.IONS/
Aiamunition/
storage
4.1.19
4.1.20
4.2.1
SOLM AN
SYMBOL
CATEGOR/CONCET/
BETA TEST BED
-
5.23
DI
INSTATI.LTINS/
Amn ition/
TOS
storage
DI
IHST.LATIOW4
Clothing
lass U
'~$~
I1 21-30
FM
INSTL.LATIONS/
Collecting Point/
civilian
FM 21-30, TO
4.3.1
DR
*
5.73
Letters B,E,F,M or T below
s irbol show subclaslfcation
COLL
P1 21-30, TCO
INSTALATIONS/
Collecting Point/
maintenance
4.3.2
COLL
4.3.3
INSTALLATIONS/
Collecting Point/
prisoners of war
FM 21-30, TCO
4.3.4
INSTLLATIONS/
Collecting Point/
salvage
F 21-30, TCO
4.3.5
I LLATIONS/
Collecting Point/
stragglers
P 21-39, TCO
4.4.1
IHETLLATIONS/
Construct ion/
FM 21-30
47
"del le
. . . ; -
.
.
.
.
% ., . ,,
.
. : .
,, .. , . -
..
.
.
.
. --
. -
.
.
7,.
,
- .- .
. . - . . ., - .
. .- .
.
ICATERy/c
SynBOL
EPT/
SOLRE F
4.4.2
IISTPLLATICI46/
Construct ion/
bridging
TO D-49(199)
HAN-::
4.4.3
INSTALRTZO6/
Construct ion/
bridging
DETA TEST ED
B
4.4.4
INSTLL.ATIOIS/
HATO D-49(1980)
Construct ion/
I
engineers
HATO D-49(1980)
4.5.1
IHSTPL.LATII1/
ntamlnat n/io
oDec
4.6.1
INET~uATIOW'\
Electronic/
air defense radar
-
see also COMlI1CATIOMS
sambo ls
4.6.2
INSTIALLATIOIS/
Electron ic/
artiIler
locating
HATO D-49(199E)
4.6.3
IHSTLLATION/
Electronic/
emitting
NATO D-49(1980)
4.6.4
I6 .. TIOS/
Electronic/
electronic
warfare
HATO D-49(1980)
4.6.5
]ITLL.TZOI/
Electronic/
ground sensor
surw iIlance
HATO D-49(1980)
48
m
tGTO D-49C19)
~
CArcEoM/cOtEr/
4.6.6
SYMBOL
SOK A
EM0
NATO D-49(198)
INSTALLATIOS/
Electronlic/
intercept irgM
,TO D-49(10)
IZSA..ATIOIM/
Electronic/
Jwrulng
4.ami8 T AXO
4.6.7
ITO
W D-49(19Me)
Electronic/
signal
comumJnicat ion
4.6.9
&
INSTq.LAT1C 6
Electronic/
target designator
NTO D-49(1980)
4.6.18
IH6TMLATIOt4S/
Electronic/
unknovn
? TO D-49(1980)
4.7.1
INSTA.LA.TIONS/
rood/
t'TO
W D-49(1988)
4.8.1
INSTA
Fuel/
see also 4.20.1
NATO D-49(19)
DI - S.23
ATIOC'
ETA TEST
4.6.3
Fuel/
DI - 5.23
DWTU.ATIOt5
Fuel/
TOS
DI " 5.73
49
ED
CATEGRY/CONET/
4.8.4
4.9.5
4.8.6
4.9.7
4.9.8
s'nhwO,.
F 21-30, TCO
INSTALLATIONtS/
Fuel/
aviation
Air Force
ID"rLLATIONS/
Fuel/
aviation
Air Force
SOLiC AN FEMs
DI - 6.68
r
ITO D-49(19)
DI - 6.63
P1 21-30
INSALELATIONS/
Fuel/
aviation
Air Force
inconsistent with 4.1.12
DI - 5.33
ZIETALATIO6'
Fuel/
aviation
IATO D-49(1%)
INSTALLATIO/
F1 21-30, TCO
DI w 6.63
Fuel /
ground
4.9.9
ISTALLATIO'S
Fuel/
solid
FM 21-30
4.9.1
I6"TA.LATIOIE/
Maintenance/
IATO D-49(1980)
4.10.1
INSTALLATION'/
Major End Item/
FM 21-30
4.11.1
INSRTALATIONS/
NATO D-49(1980)
Medical/
DI • 5.23
50
*,
]
C:TEGoRy,c
4.11.2
rT/
OS
INSTALLATIOMS'
Medical/
DI a 4.33
4.11.3
INSTALLATIONI6
Medical SuppIW/
Fm 21-30, TCO
DI a4.38
4.11.4
IHI"TRLLTIO6/
Medical Supplj/
4.12.1
INSTALJ.TOt6/
TO
FM 21-38, TOS, TCO
DI - 4.33
INSTALLATIONS/
NATO D-49(190)
Hospital/
or aid station
DI a 4.33
INSTALLATIONS/
Mines/
explosives
4.14.1
ImSTATLATIOS/
Missile Supplu/
IWTO D-49 (1980)
TCO, BETA "E-ST BD
21-30, TOO)
IHS'TAU, ATION5l*
I
F
mllt-Cla$/
classesskfmbo
available
placed
I
lbelow
wlyI
'
•
or aid station
4.13.1
~4.15.1
5.'3
DI
Hospital/
4.12.2
VRG
AV
O
SYSOLL
4.15.2
IHT.LATIOMe,
0
TOS
Slt i-Clas/
supplwD
51
,,,r7,-
% U
S %
p
%
S
*
*
CArEGRY/CONPT/
SOLPM ANFDr f
SYMBOCL
4.15.3
I6TAI'LATIOHS/
I it i.Class/
aviation supplU
TIOS
4.16.1
INST4.LATICHS/
Imultirole/
HATO D-9(19)
also represents
unspecifled role
4.17.1
IMTL.ATIN6/
tuc lear Storage/
iTO D-49(18)
4.19.1
It
LTILATIOH/
Ordrance/
1OS
DI • 5.73
4.18.2
INSTLLATIOS,'/
Ordnance/(
AilTO D-49(1980)
DI •6.18
4.19.1
IM6TAILATIOWPersonal Demand/
items
FMI21-30
4.2.1
INST .ATIOS/
Repair Parts/
FI 21-30
4.21.1
ITLATIOS6-
M21-30
Subs istence/
4.22.1
subclssification shou with
letters R, S, C below s*mbol
WTO D)-49(1980)
VVALTtNJIOPWS
Supp IV"
r*,**~.
q
, l
*.-,~.--
52
..-
-
-
*
*-.-
-i
-.
CTEGORY0OHPT/
N
Fti ~a
goLR
5"IL
Traffic Control/
4.gj2
imsTALLATIOPWNAOD-9190
4.24.1
IJNTqLATIOr6/
Unknouna Loistic/
installation
WTO D-49119W)
4251
ImSTALLATIOW6
Water/
NTO D-49(1980)
Commriru cat ion/
5.Z.1
TCO
t'ESL'
W* Icopter/
Miile/
5.3.2
DII
MELE/
Mlissile/
or rocket
Radar/
53
T-w~"
W.'
I-
-. 4
I
JM
SOLPCE
CATEGORY/CMtCCPT/
5.4.2
TCDO, BETA TEST 16
W'EG-E/
Rader/(
/
Radio/
5.6.1
WASIV
TCOD, BETA T.ST 3D
5.6.2
lC SE/
DI
T
E
Shooter/
5.7.1
TCO, BETA TEST BM, DIVAS
MCALE/
Vehicle/
tracked
5.7.2
5.7.3
Wax
BTA TEST BE
MEA-L/
TCD
Vehicle/
bheeled
Vehiele/
%heeled
Actions
tAceat force
teacingocnuever
6.1.2
4
merals indicate count of
battal ion
HAqTO D-.49 (1980)
ACTIVM/
Action/
delaing, eneu
"'
54
6.1.3
SCP.P AN
SYMBOL
CTEGORY/CMCrEPT/
HTO D-49(19)
ACTIVITY/
Art ion/
-
-i
delaying friend
ATIVITY/
Act ion/
direction enemWno-tai
WITO D-49(19U
6.1.5
ACTIVITY/
Act ion/
MATO D-49
6.1.6
6.1.7
L......4/
4numerals
E * III
indicate count of
mmnuever battalion
TCO, FM 21-30
ACTIVITY/
Art ion/
ACTIVITY/
Act ion'
firef ights
non-static
DI"
ACTIVITY/
Act ion/
blocked
'J
amb~ush
6.1.9
of arrow at map-
~Point
location.
TCOD FM 21-30
E
-
-
po int of arrow at map
location
ACTVTY/
Art ion/
harrassing fire
TCO, FM 21-30
6.2.1
ACTIVITY/
Widging/
TIOG
6.3.1
ACTIVITY/
Ferying/
T0G
6.1.9
*
non-static
6.1.4
direction friend
DA
point of last arrow at map
'location
%
55
c~T~oy~cI~' SflOLSOLRCE AMRV
6.4.1
6.4.2
TCO, I 21-30
ACTIVITY/
1tbveant/
soild arrow-unit position
broken arrow-possible mmt.
ACTIVITY/
evement/
O
F
non-static
air force friendly
6.4.3
ACTIVITY/
Ivement/
army air friendly
6.4.4
ACTIVI'Y/
ACTIVITY/
t:TO D-49(1980)
non-static
iTO D-49(1980)
air, ment
6.4.5
nTO D-49(19)
-Y
LirJ
Sjwol in center of arrow
line indicates unit type.
HATO D-49 (19)
Ploveent/non-static
round
6.4.6
6.5.1
6.5.2
ACTIVITY/
inTO D-49(19M)
Ploement/
reconnaissance
non-static
A:CTIVITY/
Format ion/
artillery
ACTIVITY/
rormation/
IWTO D-49(1980)
r--
::TO D-49(1998),
(04^E 4
defense enen
6.5.3
static
static
IWTO -49(1980)
ACTIVITY/
rormat ion/
defense fr iend
static
56
- .-
.Oru-.
FOO
NOLR
SWIMO
CATEGRY'cCMCET/
DI"
ACTIVITY/
F'ormat ion/
6.5.4
.
reserve stat lonhry
6.5.5
ACTIVITY/
DIVIS
Formt ion/
blocking1
numeral indicates amount
Li
DustroForce
TCO, FM 21-30
ACTIVITY/
Destroyed/
6.6.1
of force
super imposed over referred
symbol
6.7.1
ACTIVITY/
TCO, FM 21-30
Phoney' /
norma ly placed over
ref erred sWmbo I
TCO, FM 21-30
mouthp iece of megaphone
ATIVITY/
Propoganda'
6.9.1
at map location
6.9.1
6.10.1
ACTIVITY/
Reconnaissance/
area
HATO D-49(198)
ACTIVITY/'r--I
TOS
static
Respons ib tIity/
arc of
6.11.1
ACTIVITY/
Snorke Iing/
TOS
7.1.1
C01rJICIlOW'b
WTO 1)-49(19W)
[pit/
Emitting
57
V.-
--
--
,
..
,
~ ~t~ b
.dS
*
~.'.
CGORYAQN1EPT/
7.1.2
SOLR.cr AND
RG
DIVr'S
CrIlt4ICATIOrv
Exit/
Emitters
7.1.3
COl'LJ4CATIOIV
Exit/
emitter - radar
DI
7.Z. 1
Co"ICATIOW,
Message Cnter/
FM 21-38
?,3.1
COMMUNICATIOI
Signal/
CPS
7.3.2
COIMMJICATIOIV
Signal/
center
signal area
7.3.3
IVS
see also Radar
xx
r 21-30
sg. ttr. not at CP post or
HO (unit code inside circle)
COMMMICATIOlV
Signal/
center
FI ZI-30
7.3.4
COMMlHCATIO/
Signal/
comun icat ion
NATO D-49(196M)
7.4.1
COMMWICATIOV
Camw Site/
ETA TEST 80
7.5.1
COMJ ICATIO1s
see also INSTALLATIONS,
Electronic (4.6)
"TO
58
D-49(1W)
CATEGORY/ccrN4PT/
7.5.2
SCi.RCE AMFVa
SYMBOL
TCO, FM 21-30
CE1'JICATIOtV
comiunicat ion
7.5:3
7.5.4
"
COMLJ41CATXIW
TCO
CtllUHICATICIV
TCO, BETA TEST 3D
Jaming
radar
surface
7.6.1
BETA TEST BED
CCE"JICATICOV
Radar/
antenna
7.6.2
BETA TEST BED, DIVR:S
CY'"ICATIOV
Radar/
letters placed below symol
indicite type ie AD, GCI
7.6.3
WTO D-49(180
OMMUNICATIOW
Radar/
7.6.4
CPS
Wflh1ICTIOW
Radar/
7.6.5
..6
%-.
CP
CWt"tICATIOW
Radar/
fan
COM Z"ICATI
Radar/
TcO
intercept wW
W stat ion
59
d
,
- ,:..
,
-
,. ?.,.-.
,.
..
- .€ .o...-...
. ..
, .
7.6.7
COMW ICATIOW
Radar/
site - enemy
7.6.9
COMItCRTIOIVAF
EM
M 21-30
TcO,
1JHIICViO
Radtr ,
station
7.6.-
SOLRCE "
SYi90L
.ATEGRY/C~ftI~r/
letters placed below sutnmol
indicate tupe
Ai E-3: PPI
E-3A PPI
Radar,
site - friendly
7.6.11
WTO D 9(180)
CATIW
CO,
Radar /
air defense
7.6.12
CiW'ICTIOt/
7.6.13
lery
i I ing
art
locat
COVMICICTIOW
Radar /
ITO D-49(19t)
.
HFiTO D-49(1980)
Radar/
electronic warfare
7.6.14
FR 55-2
IIMMICATICIV
Radar/
electronic wafae
below SAM ft.
7.6.15
iR
COIWCLIc7Ci
Radar/
electronic warfare
aboie 5,M ft.
7.6.16
:
WR
ft
CMUMATlOW
CM below
60
55-2
CATEGRY/CICT/
7.6.17
7.6.118
SOLRCE FMFN
S*PUO
55.25
COt13C1ATICOlVR
GCS above
NATO D-49 (1980)
CO1MICIAITIOtV
Radar/
Intercept
7.6.19
7.6.2
COMMLNICATIOV
Radar/
ground sensor
sure i I lance
NATO D-49(1980)
IqtiCTIOV
4
Radar/
sensor
TCO
omndale0
7.6.21
Teo
CC 'tJtICTIOIV
Radar/
sensor monitor
station
7.6.22
TCO
C'"ICATIOIV
Radar /
sensor man itor
receiving on1W
7.6.23
7.6.24
COl'tICTITOW
Radar/
sensor monitor with
mtst antenna
TCO
CO"WqtICTIWtV
Radar/
TcO
extended range receiving
controlling capabilities
sensor relIaV
stat ion
7.6.25
TCO
CM1ICATIOC
Radar/
sensor oWsteum
(sector of scan)
61
a
9.9.1
9.9.2
OBTALES
M FORT/
OBSTACLES M FORT/
Toxic Agent/
OO
DIVRAS
reen
FORT/
OBSTA LS
Vegetat Ion/
swanp or marsh
vegetationl/
9.10.1
SOK-A
SnIact..
CArEMPcMtEPT/
t
DIRS
4 >
HD
HD
Fi 21
type shon on outside of
symbol
9.11.1
A
OBSTA
Trenches/
dug-out
FORT/
Fis 21-30
9.11.2
OSTAC .ES A
Trenches/
FORT/
F z-30
9.11.3
OBTIACLE5 ;M FORT/
Trenches'
fort ifIed rea
FI 21-30
9.11.4
OBSTACLES 90 FORT/
Trenches/
felons,
foxhole,
imp I cemnt
TCOI
fort if ied
9.11.5
OBTACLES P FORT/
Trenches/
p I I lbox or casement
9.11.6
OBSTALES FM FORT/
Trenches/
surface strong
point
F7
TCO
FIM 21-30
1]
FIM 21-30
w
be €ontined pith unit
size sto1
4
62
SORC AM~ WVMG
SfllDO
CTEGOR/CONCEPT/
9.11.7
OBTCE AND FORT/
9.11.8
OBSTACIES A
FM 21-30
Trenches/
she) ter surface
(above ground)
FM 21-30
FORT/
Trenches/
shelter underground
9.11.9
OSTP7LES AN FORT/
Trenches/
anu trench austem
FM 21-30
9.11.18
OBSTA.LES A FORT/
Trenches/
trench with firin9
bagjs
FM 21-30
9.11.11
OBSTACLS AN FORT'
Trenches/
weapon slit, foxhole
or emplacement
FM 21-30
O
end nuwbers
Other sole
maW be added.
F7
DR
D
OSTACES AND FOR
Zone'
9.12.1
air attack
OBST
Zone/. .LES A
9.12.2
artiI ler
1.1.1
19.1I.2
DIVRAS
FORT'
fire
V"IIOE,.I'
Amphibious/
arwured
FM 21-30
VE.ICL.ESV
TCO
bodW %ipe
Amphibious/
light assault
wheeled
Q
63
*
?
' *
.**1
~
.'
'
.n
w~~W
S
--
nfl
S.FWfl
pe
VD4ICL/
Amphibious/
cargo
FI 21-30
1.2.1
VD CLS "
P 21-30
mans of mobility
18.3.1
VE4ICLS/
Armoured/
assault sun
Slight
10.1.3
1.3.2
10.3.3
IR
SC4RCE ANFEYMS
SYMOL
PT/
CATEGORYCO
M
W
lft.,a
rS
body type
A A
Animal/
21-30, TCD
-
FM 21-30, lCD
VEHICLE/
Armoured/
assault Sun medium
VEI0.£5/
IM 21-313, TCO
Armoured/
assault Sun heavy
10.3.4
VEHIOM/
ArmouredJ/
personne I carrier
NATO D-4919W)
10.3.5
VHIOM.S/
Ar moured/
personne I carr ter
Iight
VEHIQCS/
Procured/
TCD
10.3.6
FM 21-30
TCOD, FM 21-30
personnel carrier
medium
16.3.7
TCO, FPi 21-30
VEHICLS
personnel carrier
he"v
64
v* e w
.
~
•
h~e
',e
et
-.
4st
'e'q~ee,'
•
*4
'.*
"
,
o
.*
.
*
*"
* .
*
*
.,
,..
CATEGORY/CNCEPT/
10.3.8
19.3.9
S0JRCE ANO
SVIMO
FM 21-30, TCO
VEHICES/
Pimoured/
reconnaissance
vehicle, light
FM 21-30, TCO
.I1ES/
Arnmoured/
reconnaissance
vehicle, medium
10.3.10
VEHICLS/
rmoured/
reconnaissance
vehicle, heavy
FM 21-0, TCO
19.4.1
VEHICLM./
Boat/
or barge
TCO, FM 21-30
1.5.1
V4HICL/
C-Cbe/
BETA TEST BE
10.6.1
VDICO.S/
cargo/
TCO
means of eobility
%eeled vehicle
ycHi%
Engine/
Iocomot ive
FM 21-30
I/
10.8.1
VEH~ICLES/:
TCO
19.9.1
VICL./
NATO D-49(1980)
19.7.1
body types
Ibvertraft/
65
M
VAGS
F'O
6cO.RM
CDEC-VIDS
SYMBOL
CATEGcERY/COICt1T/
I 1ES/
10.1
10.
ICV/
arMal
threat vehicle
Thin
18.11.1
ATCO
VEHIIC../
Landing Vehlcle/
TC
TCO
6.11.12 v4,VI.m,/
Landing Vehlcle/
TE
10.11.13 VEICLES/
A
TCO
A
TCO
Landing Vehlcle/
TP
10.11.14 V .4I./
Landing Vehicle/
10.12.1
NATO D-49(1980)
VD41CL.ES/
MICY/
V
CEC-VIDS
18.13.1 VE%4HIa /
Mlar ine/
E&
surrogate, LCV
10.14.1
f
ava
ama
FM 21-30
VEH4IC.S/
Opertional,
Oprated
(
body types (see also 12.23.2
and 12.26.1)
l9.14.2 ME}410..ES
'/Zl
Opeational/
un
+
._
. a!
'
:.
. ;'j
;'%
''\,' .
:+,'.
"%'.--
.:+
L.J
eed
.
,
%
a+-.+-.
k
body tpes
'
. '-
_
+
.+.+
,+,
.
""'",-.66.,.''..
'+' ".,.;.,''+ ",.,'''','.",',.,.".,,-+'+. ".'.
.'a.
, ,
.
,,.T . v:
-++,+'
ri*. r,'
._
',,',-,
,-
CATE;C,'0co"4T/
S0LR'X
S"IL
:
I 21-38
10.15.1 VEHICLES,'
means of mobilit
FM 21-30
19.16.1 VICL/
Personnel/
and/or cargo
carry ing
126
F 21-30
means of mobility
19.17.1 VEHLES
Ri0C
BErTA TEST BED
19.19.1 VE4ICLES/
Reconnaissance/
body types see also 18.2S.2
A
V
19.18.2 VEICES'
Reconnaissance/
threat BtDM
CEC-VIDS
19.18.3 VE.ICLI'
Reconnaissance/
NATO D-49(19M)
Sledge/sled'
to""r
C....
man bf mobility
HATO D-49(1980)
11.1.1 VEH1.IMES
SS/bmuv me
67
19.22.1
SOREAt
SYMfl'gL
CA~TGORYVOMMPT/
O
CI C-VIDS
VEIMM'3
Tank/
WI-I:
vc
10.22.2 VEHIOESo'
Tank/
NATO D-49(110), I" 21-38
, TCO, BTA TEST BD
L
I ight
10.22.3
NATO D-49(19S0), I1 21-30
, TCO, BETA EST BED
VEHICLES"
Tank/
medium
19.22.4 VDIICLES/
Tank/
heasii
19.23.1
HATO D-49(1980), FI 21-30
, TCO, BETA TEST BE
L
V4ICU.ES
FIM 21-3
Tracked/
sel f-propelled
means of mobility
FM 21-30
119.23.2 V4ICLES/
Tracked/
or half-tracked
19.24.1
mans of mbilit!
BETA TEST BED
VVCIWES/
Train/
rI 21-38
19.25.1 VEHICLES/
19.2.2
means of mbility
/0
FM 21-30
VHICLS/
Uee led/
cross countrv
means of mobilttW
68
-.
r*
*j
.~*
*.~*,.
b
*.p~
*
.4,
SYMBOL
OATEGORY/C0NCT10.25.3 VEHICLES/
Iee led/
self-propelled
18.26.1
10.26.2
-0
%D41CLES/
Inspecif ied/
armoured
HATO D-49(19M)
V LO.ES/
LUhspec ified/
unprotected
HATO D-49(1980)
ssee also 19.23.2
see also 10.16.1
i
Vehicles/ti
11.1.2
11.1.3
iASS
IAPOV
Iii
target symbol
E'TA TEST BE3D, TOS
WElPOlr
ilIlery/
Art
light or unknown
BETA TEST BD
PLRS
10. 7.2 VEHIOES/
Surf ace/
Artillery/
RDMAGS
means of mobility
0
19.Z7.1 VEHII.S
11.1.1
SOLUKE AN
FM 21-30
I I
BTA TEST BED, TOS
bCAPOV
Art l lery/
edium+
11.1.4
BETA TEST D , TOE
Ol
WmE1
irt iI lerd/
69
i
11.1.5
11.1.6
SCW..RCE FM' FVVF4S
SYMBOL
CTEGRY/CONET/'
WErW
frtI1 erw/
MIASS
D/S
lireedlate request
I, PO
WAFSS
Arti11er/
VS
immediate request
11.1.?
WCPOW
BETA TEST BD
11.1.9
iW E POW
BETA TEST
D
]erw/
rti 1
11.1.9
WE__
Anl1 lerll
BETA TEST BD
11.1.113
IAP,
Ar 5"-25
Art iI1 erw/
air defense
11.1.11
11.1.12
WE POI
L, I or H may be placed below
to specif W It, wed or hviAA.
WA:S
Pr i1 lerw/
air defense
target *Wmol
ToS
ELW
Pet iIlerw/
air defense
see also Gun
ETA TEST I3
11.1.13 ICt-
air defense/
light or unknown
70
"I"
*1
'S'.
'
,',
i,
' i
h
.t,,...""
,
. "..
"
.v" .'
'.
"
: ".,.
,
CATEGORY/CMW7/T
SYIUCL
SOLRCE AN
11.1.14
.ImPE]O
tI1lerV1/
air .defense/medium.
ETA TEST ED
11.1.15
lCAoV
At I Iery/
air defense/heajy
BETA TEST BED
BETA TEST
11.1.16 WWA tie1lerv /
11.1.17
11.1.19
AW
Arti I lerw/
WCAOW
Ml Thrower/
portable
11.2.2
I4EW
Ilwe 'Thrower/
whicle mounted
11.3.1
lmCPV
Gun/
ED
1
AI'ETA
t
TEST ED
TEST BD
"ETA
EP_
11.2.1
DA
rP1
f'1
21-30, HATO D-49(198)
TCO
21-30, NATO D-49(19W )
TO
FM1 21-30, ATO D-49(19W)
TCO, TOS
howit Zer, light
11.3.2
21-30,
FMTCO,
TOSNATO D-49(19M)
5E*W
Gun,/.I
howitzers medium
71
"." ~~~~~~-',:-
,-'
, ".'
:.;,::,
'I,-,.-."-',"-:-,i
C$ATEGORY/CNMPT/
11.3.4
11.3.5
ScE.RCE " FIM
FM 21-30, NATO D-1980
bCFP*r
hobwitzer,
11.3.5
SYMIBOL
ev
ICPPMV
FM 21-0, T06, TCO
WEA0rv
FM 21-30, 106, TCO
Howi tzer/
Howtzer/
heavy
j
Gun/
SPI ight
11.3.8
HI
ImE*Qt
SP/medium
11.3.9
TCO
iWPIV
Gun/
SP/heavy
106, TCO
11.3.183 WE.FPOW
Hobwitzer/
11.311
10,
IF~0T
medium0
72
TCO
CATEGORY/'
SOLRM A
SYMOL
ET/
TOS, TCO
t
11.3.12 WEAPOW
Howitzer/
SMB8vv-203fn
heajg
0
11.3.13
iAOv
FM 21-30, NATO D-49(19)
Cum/
air defense/l ight
*TCO
FI 21-30,
11.3.14 WEAPOQ
IATO D-49(19)
, TCO
Gun/
air defense/medium
I121-30, TCO
11.3.15 WL*Or
Gun/
air defense/heavl
11.3.16
TOS
ILWW
Gun/
air defense
arti Ilerw/low
TOS
11.3.17 tE.EPOW4
GUn/
air defense
artil lery/md,
TOS
11.3.18 WEAPOW
Gun/
air defense
artillerW/hish
IM21-30, TCO
11.3.19 WECPOW
air defense/
machine, light
11.3.0
RI 21' 0, TCO
A
air defense/
machine, medium
73
C~ATEGORY/CONCEPT/
11.3.21
SOLRCE FrO EPO
5l9
FM 21-30, TCO
WEF.PWW
Gun/
air defense/
machine, heavy
12.3.22 WEPO
Gun/
air
SP
TCO
defense/
ight
0
TCO
11.3.23 b:POWV
Gun/
air defense/
SP, medium
TCO
11.3.24 WEAPOV
Gun/
air defense/
SP, heavy
11.3.25 WFEPOW
CDEC-VIDS
Gun/
air defense/
Soviet-ZSUJ
armal test
CIEC-VIDS
11.3.26 WIWW
Gun/
11.3.27
air defense'
Soviet-ZSU-234
armval test
WEPOt
Gun/
air defense/
Soviet-ZSLI
CDC-VDS
a-mN'a
11.3 . 28 WlF.IP
O /
'TOS
air defense/
234-Aaolcan
11.3 .29 &c
Tos
w w
air defense/
thaparrel-' lCafl
74
test
CATEMOYCIEtT/
11.33
SOuRCE "
SYMBO~L
EM
TOS
WEPOW
ant i-tank/1i 9 ht
11.3 .31
NATRIO D-,49(19ee),
WEAPOW
TCO
ant --tank/l ight
TO D-49(1980), TCO
11.3.32 WEACPOF
Gun/
ant i-tank/ed iur
11.3.33
HATO D-49(190), TCO
WECPOW
Gun/
ant I-tankhea' W
P 21-30, tIATO D-49(198)
11.3.34 WEPOW
ant i-tank role/
11.3.35
1ight
WEePOW
FM 21-30, HATlO D-4911910)
Gun/,
anti-tank role/
meditu
,
BETA TEST B
F1 21-10, ITO D-49(198)
11.3.36 WWW
role/
anti-tank
GO nkVoe
BETA TEST ED
he"j
BETA TEST 3D
11.3.37 WCAPOW
ant i -tank,0 SP/
Iight or unknowni
11.3.38
BETA TEST BE
WPVI"
anti-tank, SP/
medium
75
LW.X
CATEOFY/COMCET/
11. 3.39 I.WEPOt
Gun/
anti--tank, heavy
11.4.1
11.4.3
11.4.4
KT
TEST
E
4
flI 21-30, TCO, MIFW S
W-AIV
Missile/
ni
light
11.4.2
R[I
SciLRE
SflIBO
see also Rocket
W.qCOtV
Missile/
medium
FM 21-30, TCO
WEFPOV
Miss ile/
FM 21-30, TCO
see also Iocket
see also Rocket
hea~j
Missile/
air defense
WEACOIV
light--
FM 21-30
Miss iles
airt defense
medium
11.4.6
11.4.7
WIEMCV
Hmissiles/
air defense
heavy
WMPWIWTO
/M
21-30
D-4d9(1980)
missile/
surface to air
light
11.4.9
D-49(1980)
WE POW:WTO
milsi le/'
smrfce to ir
medium
76
CATEGORY'COtET/
11.4.9
SaLR;KT-C
SYIIBL
NATO D-49(19M)
W
bAOI
Miss ile/
surface to air
TCO
11.4.10 WEP
isle'/
Olp
surface to air
11.4.11
Iight
WEAPOWV
TOO)
Mlissle/
surface to air
medium
11.4.12 WE =WW
TO
Missile/
surface to air
heavy
(
11.4.13 WEFWQtV
Missile/
surface to air, SP
light
TCO
TCO
11.4.14 WEW v
Missile/
surface to air
TCO
11.4.15 W-APOl
Missile/
surface to air
11.4.16 bCF*t
-
MIssile/
surface to air/
enemy
~CDCC-VIDS
KTC test
CDEC-VYIDS
11.4.17 WEWW
Mliss Ils
surface to air/
fri endly
N'c tet
77
SOLRM gmO M 0R
SYMBOL
CATEMc/vCCET/
BETA TEST B
11.4.18 WJFeI
Mi ss lid/,
sursace to it
numerals placed beneath show
size.N numerals mean unk.
unknown
11.4.19
P1M 21-30, TOS
.EAPOt
Miss i t/
surface to air
1i9ht
r-M 21-30, TOS
11.4.M W;CW
Missil e/
surface to air
medium
11.4.21
F', 21-30, TOS
WE4P1
42
Missile/
surface to air
heavy
11.4.2
T05
W-APW
Missile/
surface to air
chaparral
11.4.M
0
TOS
11.4.24 WI.AP
Missile/
surface to air
11.4.25
55-25
(AF0R
FAPt
Miss iIe/
surface to alr/
chaparral- ica
ni
A E-C
IP
Missile/
surface to air
enewt
11.4.2r WEP
AF E-3
PII
PP I
Miss iIe/
surface to air
friendly
78
;:.:
: .<.:
S:
.:::
:;:: 'S *9::*
\
:;::: ,
.
,
CA~TGCM /CQ4T/
(
BTA TT ED, TOS
21-30,
1M HTO
D-49(19"X
Missile/,
surface to surface
light or unknown
1.4.Z
1142
4
SlJLSCX.RCE
TA TEST BED, TOS
21-30,
D10l-4,9(1980)
, WT
WEllPOW
.surface tO surface
medium
11&4.29
IC
FM 21-30, IETA ST I,
D-49(19W)
HA
t4,TO
V
Missle4
surface to surface
heayl
*
11.4.30
11.4.31
I.APW
Missi le/
surface to surface
'wheeled, light
TCO
1
TCO
WEAPOV
missile/
surface
surface
led, tomedlium0
.%hee
TOO
11.4.32 WEA.-V
Missi1le/
surface to surface
WrEqlPOW heavy0
11.4.33 beeled,
Missile/
surl ace to surface
-
TCO
0 0 0
TCO
' 11.4.34 Missile/
1EFAP!
surf'ce to surface
4p
0 0 0
TO
11.4.35 Wc-Mr
i
..
.Miss le/
slurface to surface
0
O0
79
TOS
SOJRE
9YM
CATEGORY/CONCEPT/
IWTO D-49 (1980 )
WAPO
11.4.36
Mlss le/
ant i-tank/In
11.4.37
TtS
aEnPMissile/
wti-tank
I ight
FM 21-30, TCO
11.4.38 WPO*V
Miss ile/
anti-tank
wight
11.4.39 W-*
F1 21-30, TCO
V
Missile/
ant i-tnk
mredium
11.4.40
WI:Ol
Miss ile/
wnt -tanmk
heavy(
F" 21-30, TCO
11.4.41
t.APOV
Missi le/
ant i-t&nk
SP/9d
BETA TEST BED
11.4.42
IEFO
O
TcO
nj0
Missile/
ant i-tank
SP, light
TCO
11.4.43 WEAPOI
ant i-tank
SP,
wdium
0
Mliii| le/
11.4.44
TCO
WWW0'
Misile/
ant I -tak
,heavy
0
80
, .,
.,.
, .
.
.
;.%,v
+ €. -
.
. -I':..
. ';.:
.v:°:
.
.
.?
CATEGORY/CO
11.4.45 WmWm
Ni38.1
,'T
SCP M
S'n/..
CDEC-VIDS
It/
NTC
CDEC-V]IS
11.4.46 WEROW
Missile/
tow, FC mounted
11.4.47 I
Miss '~mmmC~DEC-VIDS
ile/
test
KTC test
M-
tow, ground
h I fi
hellfire test
CDEC-VIDS
ar vl t s
11.4.48 WEAPW
Missile/
U.S. Dragonlams!ts
11.5.1
BETA TEST ED
WEAPW
Mobrtar/
11.5.2
TOE
IF.POWV
Pbrtar/
undifferenlt iated
11.5.3
brtir/
11.5.4
11.5.5
WAFSS
WEAPOW
0
WlrASS
IE.CP
Pbrtar/
V
l
Pbrtar/
immediate request
target
I" 21-30, NTO D -49(118)
* TCO
8ight
81
CATEGOCRV/CHt~T
SYMBWOL
SOLRC AN
EM
11.5.6
WE4POW
, br tar,
medium
IM 21-30, NATO D-49(198)
TCO•
11.5.7
W QtV
FM 21-39, NTO D-49110)
11.6.1
I.EPPOt
TCO, MIFFSS
Naval
.!
11.6.2
11.6.3
Gunfire/
(DSS)
WEPPOW
Naval Gunfire/
i
TCO, MIFS
TCO, MIFIS
WEWCV
Naval Gunf ire/
unassilned ship
11.7.1
~i'I
FM 21-30, TCO
WAPO/
RiflIt/
recoilless, light
11.7.2
ICq3O
Rifle/
recollless, edlum
11.7.3
IUPOIV
F'M 21-30, TCO
21-30, TCO
Rif4le/
recoilless, heavy
11.9.1
TOS
WEPO
Rocket/
undifferentiated
82
CATEGORY/CCEPT/
121EAPOV
11.8.2
.
Rocket/
Iight
11.9.3
11.9.4
11.8.5
SOLRCE "
SYMBOL
.EPPO/
Rocket/
medium
EAK
F 21-30, NATO D-49(198)
TC)
I 21-30, NATO D-49(1e)
TCO
,
WEWW
Rocket/
heavT
FI 21-30, HATO D-49(198)
, TCO
IaEC:OW
CEC-VIDS
Rocket/
uanheld, laser
NTC test
guided
11.8.6
11.8.7
WEAPOW
Rocket/
light
FM 21-30, I:SS
WEAPOW
RI 21-3,
eIe &)so Missile and 6.8.2.
MIFSS
Rocket/
11.9.8
11.9.1
medium
See also Missile and 6.9.3
WE W
Rocket/
he"j.
FI 21-30,
WEFPOV
Rocket Launcher/
TCO
See also Missile and 6.8.4.
SP/light, tracked
11.9.2
EPPW
Rocket Launcher/
,
SP/medium, tracked
83
s
.
SIFS
TCO
*
soiiE P ,IV4G
SYM'BOL
CATEGORYCOMCEPT/
C
?CO
11.9.3
IWEAPOV
Rocket Launcher/
SPheavi, tracked
11.9.4
IEAPOV
Rocket Launcher/
SP/I ght, wheeled
&
TCO
11.9.5
W.WW
Rocket Launcher/
SP/ned lum, he led
&
TCO
11.9.6
o0o
TCO
WC.POW/&
Rocket Launcher/
SPeav, h'eeled
11.9.7
WEAFW
Rocket Launcher/
* jtl-barrel
11.9.8
b l
Rocket Launcher/
000
BETA TEST BD
FM 21-30, I1TO D-49(1i )
, TOS
I
mlti-barrel,
artillero, llht
11.9.9
ICPV
Rocket Launcher/
mutil-barrelI,
ertl!lerv, idium
11.9.10
kE
11.19.1I
Rocket Launcher/
multi-barrel,
art IIer, he"
WEO
IM 21-30, NATO D-49(1980)
, TOS
FIFM 21-30, NATO D-4910)
, TOS
V
WAI:S
I
Skapon/
84
'4
t%
',
.
''
."
.
"..'
J'
",
'
.
'
.
"
"
Part 2. Air Defense Symbols
Included in this section are symnbology sets from the following systems:
AN/TSQ-51
AN/TSQ-73
Improved Hawk
Nike-Hercules
PATRIOT
ROLAND
DIVAD GUN
The symbols with explanations are taken from technical manuals associated
with the specific system.
85
-94
TM 9-1430-560-10/1
T.
*
*
Ball Tab. The ball tab market (fig. 1-4) is a
,/S.inch diameter cice.Tis make ndicatres th
position of the track ball.
1-16
b. Hook. The hook marker (fit. 1-5) is a 2/2-inch
diameter circle. A hook marker surrounds the track
marker symbol or target video that is in close control
of a console. It also surrounds the ire unit site or
tracking marker when the console is paired with the
fire unit or when a command is transmitted to the
ire unit.
through nine, can be displayed on the ppi. Alphanumeric data accompanies its related symbol and conssso w ie
ffu
hrcesec fg -)
This data can be associated with track markers, fire
unit site markers, and fire unit tracking markers. Fire
unit site markers and special track markers are always
accompanied by an alphanumeric data display; a fire
unit tracking marker has its data displayed only when
the marker is in close control. Unknown, friendly,
and hostile track markers are displayed with their
associated alphanumeric data when track data is selected for ppi display.
. lo Strobe. A jam strobe (fig. 1.5) is a straight
line that originates at (he position of the generating
site and points toward the source of an interference
signal.
.Alphanumeric
SLEBI
LOCAL
REFERENJCED
Data
Mg. 1- and 1-6)
Each letter of the alphabet and each digit, zero
'TRACK
EOE
FRIENDLYY
REMOERNE
EEEND
FRIACKOL
TRACKMMRRKE
LOCAL
FRIENDLY
REFERENCED
M&KRMARKER.
TTRACK
WITH
VELOCITY
VECTOR
LC,
TRAC
1.
SPECIA
TRACK
MARK8R
LOCA
'
Tat
dtn
gmbl
. Af
IM 9-1430-.560-10/1
1
40O0KEb FIRE UNIT
?RACK,1.~MJARKf ft
LOCAL SPECIAL.
(TO BE DROPPED)
F0
AfR NG LIN E
3 9
01UNTSITE
2 F'
QTE0
t s s -e
Qi L10A
*RS 5ITE
UINW
~JAMMIC
TRACK
JAM
STROSES
CORRELATED
U04RK!ER
VI E Co
E
LOCAL
Ax
LONINOWN
TR AC
L23
NOOK
IIYMBOL
3
R
C
o F-o0v
NOS!ILEINBTE
E4
7
Swee p
I&EECED
F ig.,.j
mad pp0drle
87
Ot
G 3210M
b)
TM 9-1430-60-.10/1
CS
a. Local Track Displays. Information contained in
e. SAGE/BUIC Track Displays. Informaton con.
the alphanumeric display for local friendly, unknown,
and hostile track markers is shown in figure 1-8. The
type of alphanumeric data displayed for local special
track markers is shown in figure 1-9. A local simulated track display is shown in figure 1-10.
tained in the alphanumeric data display for friendly
and hostile track markets is shown in figure 1-13.
There is no display of unknaown SAGE/BUIC tracks
and, therefore, no alphanumeric data display. The
type of alphanumeric data displayed for special
SAGE/BUIC track markers is shown in figure 1-14.
. Fire Unit Displays. Information contained in the
alphanumeric data display for fire unit site markers
is shown in figure 1-15. The type of alphanumeric
data displayed when a fire unit tracking marker is
hooked is shown in figure 1.16.
b. Remote Track Displays. Information contained
in the alphanumeric display for remote friendly, unknown, and hostile track markers is shown in figures
1-11 through 1-11.3. The type of alphanumeric data
displayed for remote special track markers is shown
in figure 1-12.
3/S IN.
I
I
II
II
-
4-1is
I
I
IN.-0141
I
I
I
I
I
3.116 IN.-4I
I
3,116
I4
I
I
I
I
I
I
]0
SYMBOL
ALPHANUMERIC
CENTER -TO-CENTER
FIELD
MEk SURtEAENTS
03t0 Q 12109S
Figue 1.7. Data diplay hield.
LOCAL FRIENDLV
TRACK MARKER
LX LOCAL
iRRACK NU AMRER
1z DIGIIS)
-
TRACKING METHOD
At AUTOMATIL.
M * MANUAL
L dM
3F
~02
V
"I4EGHT(3 DIGITS)
L'SOIOOO FEET
RAID SIZE
5z INrvLE
F'$:EW
M MANY
W: NO ESTIMATE
ORD G 1 L0436
Figvve I-8. Laca track display.
1-7
I
~
~TM
9-1430-560-.10/1
SP C B LSPECIAL
rvSr
A:TIYPEA
TRAC~K Num8a~s
L&LOCAL
(2 DIGITS)
Cz TYPEC.
~23F
R AID StIZE
H4EIGH4T (3 DIGITS)
LSD '5000 FEET
STSINGLE
F-FEW
bdz O E STIMA&TE
ORD & 3ZI097
LOCAL
Fiure 1-9. Lord spetril d ,Iji,,pay.
SIMULATED
TRACK
S:LOCAL
TRACK NUIARER
MAKRSIMULATED
(2 DGITS)
M MAWIUAL
5H
SL±
3N.
~02
RAID SIZE
j
M4EIGHT (3 DIG ITS)
LSD cIDODo :EE-rwTN
F2 FEW
Figure 1-10. Local jimulagel irwd dawptay.
REMOTE
MOSTILE
TRACK~
MARKER
REMOTE SOURCE
As SOURCE NO. I
B* SOURCE NO.?
C-- SOUREE NO.3
V'-SOUJRCE NO.4
>
TRACK NUMBER
(Z DIGITS)
NaWO ESIwATE5
ORD G 321114
ENA
MNTSAU
E:NGAGEDTSAU
DLIf8.N
0 21S
HEIGH4T (3 DIGITS)
LSD-- 1000 FEET
Figure 1-11. AADCP remote track display.
89
RADSI
Mz MANY
ORO
C
CS
TM 9-1430-560-10/1
NO.AL
MARKER
3L
PRMARY
AADD
TRAL( %UMBCRq
(a. Diis)
EN&ACCIENT STATUS
N F4T E NGAGEO
IL 2 CNGAGCO
RAID SIIL
wt POOCSTIM4rg
S: SINGLE
V
M4Ea&WT (3oIG,17)
LS068O00 FEET
OM MANY
*Fiagre1.1 RRIS remote track wilb parent AADC? selecedeL
@,A~k[R
TRACK NUMBER
(a DIGI'TS)
s SECONDCARY
AAOCP
4164T( iriT)
110:1000 vIE!FIE
3Figure 1-11.2.
NOSTILt
RRIS remoe track wi
(z DirmITS)
TRACK
MAID sz
MO ESrTIT
01to 6 323337
alternate AADCP selected.
TRACK NUMBER
arkrivorr
0MA#WR
GEMEWT STATUS
IM NOT CKC.A.Et
CNhGA~ftAENT STATUS
042ND? LNG&GE'0
C ENGAGE D
ROIN
6CGNT (3 DIGITS)
L SO% 1000 CET
3Fisure 1.1.3.IRS
remoe fro
So60CL
to:-MAN V
ORD& X 23311
froIm sOur osbr thans paret or allierel AADCP.
90
TM 9.-143"-60-10/1
SPECIAL
MARKER
REMO'E SOURCE
A. gioulcu No. I
t T OURCE wo.z
C a jOUf'CE NO
0 %SOuQCE, JO.i
E :SOURCE NO.A
SPECIAL TYPES
A slYPE A
91z TYPE &
CsVTYPE C
v0- oRop RE QuEST
TRACK NUMBER
(11,CvTS)
D~SB
14EmmyH 13 DI6'T1s)
LSD:-1000 FEET
OD6ILo
ObC119
RIMe:1, sPIIltrack 44p0a7
Fig.,,'1412
swrihNOiY
RICENDLYE
Rmb SIZE
TRACK NUMA3ER
yE5ASEISUIC
ALWAYS
ZERO
St
TIRACK tARKR
I
L-..
HOSTILE
KEKHEIGHT
2
0
wC2
W:NO ETuIblE
1IMUL&IEDTRkCst
ORD &*621100
(3 IITS)
LSIDIOOO FEE7
S.4GE/BVIC track iisPlay
Figwve 1-13
TYPES
SPECIALSPEClAL
ah 'TP E
S PER IA L
y:SAG,&fBUIC.
k
Do DROP REQUEST
TRACK NUMBER
Y
7A
us MANY
MO fTIUATf
mIto
ORD s st1101
6.O0: 1000 FEET
Fig,,, 1-14
SAGE/BI)IC
DPec~il track
diSPIOY
1-9
v
91
TM
9
-1430-560-10/I
FIRE UNIT
SITE MARI
.RK
FIRE UNIT
LABEL
o
CONSOLE
70
FIRE UNIT
NUMBER
FU 12
ItTE
RtR,
STATUS
FIRE UlfIt RuREADY
€oufts.Ur, 'T TRACKINIG
EaEFFICTVE
1:INEFFICTgVp
USKILL.
0 OUT OP
ACT IOu
UsIsKNTU
UNKNwtN€
PRIMARY SECODAR'r
CMeDCMA~
Cr"
CfgGAGE
14OLD FIRE
CEASEFIRE
09 NO COMMAND
AS BEEN
GIVEN
Figure 1-15
FIRE UNIT
SRACKING MA.RKER
Firt auxl sit d
FIRE UNIT
LABEL
upty (U).
FIRE UNIT
NUMBER
FU
2
0 23
:LE
FRJU&
V~M
MANMY
Nu NO ESTsIATE
ORO G 321103
HEIGHT (S DIGITS)
LSIDIO10
FEET
FiASW 1-1
Section IV
.
Fire
ORD 6 321102
/tradaug di APL
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
1-17
. General
TOM, 1.1
Cr COOe,,I Pati C.wir0l,
The operating controls and information display inCol
Functio,
dicators for the AN/TSQ.51 system are those located
SWEEP FOCUS
18 €oiunction with SWEEP ASTIG,
on the back-lighted panels and on the shelf of the concontrols sharpness of radar sweep.
sole (fig. 1-17) and the ire unit status board. Con.
SWEEP ASTIG
Incontrols
conjunction
with of
SWEEP
FOCUS.
sharpness
radar sweep.
trots on the shelf are the track ball and the TRACK: SWEEP INT
Controls brighaess of sweep.
.
BALL ENABLE pushbutton. The panel marking and
function of all other operator's controls except those
on the communications panel are listed inparagraphs
1.13 through 1-21 and in tables 1-1 through 1-7.
1-18
.
Crt Control Panel (Fig. 1-18)
The controls on this panel, used to establish the
overall crt display characteristics, are listed in table
!-1.
*
1-10
92
SYm FOCUS
SYM ASTIG
SYM INT
CENTER:
S--N
RANGE MARK
INT
In conjunction with SYM
ASTIG.
controls sharpness of symbols.
In conjunction with SYAI FOCUS.
controls sharpness of symbols.
Controls brightmess of symbols.
P
beam horizontally.
Positions
beam vertically.
Controls brightness of range marks.
TM 9.1430-652-10-1
operator
in:t.rpretation and decision
1-14. Symbol Flash Characteristics. Various ovm-
making. Figures 1-7 thru 1-17 show the format of the
alphanumeric block associated with each type of symbol
and define the meaning of each character in the block,
bology used in the system will flash to call the attention
of the Olerator to some specific condition. Table 1-3
provides this information.
t facilitate console
SIZE (INCH)
TYPE
SYMBOL
LOCAL
TAB SYMBOL
(SEE NOTES 1 AND 2)
0
REMOTE
1/8
N/A
1/2
N/A
N/A
1/4
HOOK SYMBOL
(SEE NOTES 1.2, AND 3)
06
POINTER
(SEE NOTE 4)
v
NOTES:
1.
THE TAB AND HOOK SYMBOLS ARE UNDER THE OPERATOR'S CONTROL THROUGH USE OF THE
CONSOLE POSITION TAB. THE OPERATOR POSITIONS THE TAB SYMBOL OVER THE OBJECT TO BE
HOOKED AND THEN PUSHES THE POSN HOOK BUTTON IN THE TASK FUNCTIONS SECTION OF
THE DISPLAY CONSOLE.
2.
THE TAB AND HOOK SYMBOLS ARE LOCAL FOR AN INDIVIDUAL CONSOLE AND ARE NOT
TRANSMITTED. NO ALPHANUMERIC DATA BLOCK APPEARS WITH THEM.
THE OPERATOI1 USES THE HOOK ACTION TO REQUEST INFORMATION FROM THE COMPUTER ON
THE SYMBOL HE HAS HOOKED. THE COMPUTER DISPLAYS THE APPROPRIATE DATA ON BOTH
THE PPI AND ARO SECTIONS OF THE DISPLAY CONSOLE CRT.
3.
4.
THE POINTER SYMBOL IS USED TO DESIGNATE A SPECIFIC LOCATION OR SYMBOL ON THE
SITUATION DISPLAY. THE POINTER IS SENT BY ANY OTHER ATDL-1 OR TADIL-B SITE. ONLY
ONE POINTER SYMBOL MAY BE DISPLAYED AT A TIME. THE POINTER IS DISPLAYED WITH
ALPHANUMERICS REPRESENTING THE TRACK NUMBER/ADDRESS OF THE SENDING SITE.
THE POINTER IS USED TO FACILITATE VOICE COORDINATION BETWEEN TWO SITES.
MS 202140
Figure 1-2. Designationand ControlSymbols
93
1.
Chang
TM 9-1430-652-10-1
SIZE (INCH) (SEE NOTE 2)
TYPE
SYMBOL
LOCAL
REMOTE
UNKNOWN
1/4
I/5
114
1/8
1/4
1/3
HOSTILE
1/4
I/8
PRIORITY
1/4
1t's
1/4
1/
114
11
114
1i
U
FRIEND
0
INTERCEPTOR
SPECIAL
+
(
COMMAND TRANSMITTED
COMMAND RECEIVED
,
NOTES:
1.
EACH AIR TRACK SYMBOL HAS AN ASSOCIATED ALPHANUMERIC DATA BLOCK CONSISTING OF
TWO LINES OF FIVE CHARACTERS EACH.
2.
SYMBOL SIZE MA'" VARY SO THAT ALL SYMBOLS HAVE THE SAME APPARENT SIZE.
MS 15I740A
Figure 1-S. Air Truck Symbols
Change 2
94
1-7
TM 9-1430-652-10-1
SIZE (INCH) (SEE NOTE 3)
TP
TYPE
(SEE NOTE 1
SYML/LINE
LOCAL
REMOTE
1/8
N/A
1/8
N/A
1/8
N
N/A
DEFENDED POINT
(SEE NOTE 4)
COMMAND PO6T SITE
(SEE NOTE?)
[N
TRUCK PARK SITE
(SEE NOTE 2)
ORDNANCE STORAGE SITE
(SEE NOTE 2)
1/8
A
N/A
N
CN
n1/
POL STORAGE SITE
(SEE NOTE 2)
AIR FIELD SITE
(SEE NOTE 2)
N/A
1N
L1/8
N/A
RADAR SITE
(SEE NOTE 2)
ECM FIX (SITE)
c
GEOREF MARKER
1/8
N/A
1/8
N/A
1/4
N/A
NIA
N/A
N/A
N/A
+
MAP LINES
A
SAFE CORRIDOR IUNES)
(SEE NOTE 5)
NOTES:
1. THESE SYMBOLS AND LINES MAY BE ENTERED AT THE KPU AND DISPLAYED AS PART OF A MAP.
SYMBOLS ENTERED AS PART OF A MAP ARE NEITHER HOOKABLE NOR TRANSMITTABLE OVER
ADL. IF EITERED DURING MAP GENERATION, ALL SYMBOLS MAY BE ACCOMPANIED BY A TWO.
CHARACTER DISCRIPTOR.
2. THESE SYMBOLS MAY BE ENTERED FROM AND DISPLAYED AT THE DISPLAY CONSOLE. DISPLAY
CONSOLE ENTERED SITE SYMBOLS ARE HOOKABLE BUT NOT TRANSMITTABLE OVER ADL (EXCEPT
ECM FIX). DISPLAY CONSOLE ENTERED SITES ARE ACCOMPANIED BY ONE OR TWO ROWS OF UP TO
FOUR ALPHANUMERIC CHARACTERS EACH, IF THE CHARACTERS ARE ENTERED AT THE DISPLAY
CONSOLE.
3. SYMBOL SIZE MAY VARY SO THAT ALL MARKERS HAVE THE SAME APPARENT SIZE.
4. DEFENDED POINTS MAY BE ENTERED DURING MAPGEN OR BY A CC121. IF ENTERED DURING
PROGRAM DATA ENTRY (CC121), DEFENDED POINTS ARE ACCOMPANIED BY TWO ROWS
OF THREE ALPHANUMERICS EACH.
5. THE LETTERS A THRU L, AS LABELED BY THE OPERATOR, IDENTIFY THE END POINT OF EACH
SAFE CORRIDOR.
MS202136A
Figure1-5. Fixed Point, Site and Map Symbols, and Lines
95
.
.
*
..
i-
*•
,
**!
•
i
i
Change 5
*
4
..
*
.,
1
111
11
%.*
.. v
v
1-9
'M
TM 9.1430-652-10-1
/
SIZE
LINE
TYPE
LOCAL
REMOTE
M
JAM STROBE
E-
(SEE NOTE 1)I
PAIRING LINES:
)
;
-.
4
N/A
N/A
~NIA
NIA"'
PRIMARY ASSIGNMENT
SECONDARY ASSIGNMENT
(SEE NOTE 2)
VECTORS:
VELOCITY
NIA
NIA
TIME-TO-GO
SEE NOTE 3)
N/A
N/A
NOTES:
1.
A JAM STROBE IS A STRAIGHT LINE ORIGINATING AT THE SITE. FU. OR TRACK BEING JAMMED AND
EXTENDING THROUGH THE JAMMING SOURCE TO THE EDGE OF THE DISPLAY.
2.
PAIRING LINES ARE USED TO INDICATE ASSIGNMENTS TO AND ENGAGEMENTS BY FIRE UNITS.
PRIMARY ASSIGNMENT PAIRING LINES INDICATE THAT AN ASSIGNMENT HAS BEEN MADE TO A
FIRE UNIT. A SECONDARY ASSIGNMENT PAIRING LINE INDICATES THE NEXT ASSIGNMENT TO
BE MADE TO THE FIRE UNIT WHEN THE CURRENT PRIMARY ASSIGNMENT IS COMPLETED. PAIRING
LINES INDICATING ENGAGEMENTS AGAINST JAM STROBES TERMINATE WITH A HOOKABLE POINT.
THIS HOOKABLE POINT EXPANDS AND BLINKS IF THERE IS AN OUTSTANDING ALERT TO THE JAM
STROBE. SECONDARY ASSIGNMENT PAIRING LINES ARE DISPLAYED ONLY AT THE BATTALION LEVEL
2.
VECTORS ARE USED TO INDICATE AIRCRAFT SPEED AND DIRECTION OR THE DISTANCE TRAVELED
BY AN AIRCRAFT IN A SPECIFIED TIME. A VELOCITY VECTOR IS A LINE EXTENDING OUTWARD
FROM THE AIR TRACK SYMBOL IN THE DIRECTION OF FLIGHT. THE LENGTH OF WHICH INDICATES
THE SPEED OF THE AIRCRAFT (1 INCH - 1800 DATA MILES PER HOUR). A TIME-TO-GO VECTOR IS
A LINE EXTENDING OUTWARD FROM THE AIR TRACK SYMBOL IN THE DIRECTION OF FLIGHT. THE
OUTWARD END OF THE LINE INDICATES THE EXPECTED POSITION OF THE AIRCRAFT AT A SPECIFIED
FUTURE TIME. ASSUMING THE AIRCRAFT MAINTAINS ITS CURRENT SPEED AND HEADING.
MS 195743A
("
Figure-6. Linn Used with Air Track and Defen.e System Symbol.
1.to
Catog4
96
--,
% %ew
9
*
"%
"' -
-
• Z1
.
.-
*
"
...-..
-.
,.
,*
..
•.
(L4
IM 9-1430-1535-12-2-3
4 v,,
-t
Table 5-1. Composite Symbol Generation
X AMP
v
SYMBOL
IST bNM
NAME
X AMP
2NDYM
I ST
V AMP
2140 JVM
_____140
1ST SYMBOLLK
ADP REQUEST SYMBOLS
LOCAL
HOSTILE
FULL
OFF
LOCAL
UNKNOWN
.
FFFULL
OFF
COMPOSITE
SYMBOL
BLANKING
_____ISI
OSVA - MOST THREATING TARGET
2ND SYMBOL
HALF
FULL
C)
NONE
HALF
CQ
IST SYM
II
FULL
SYMBOL
DISPLAYED
POSITIVE
PLATOON THREAT
LOCAL
HOSTILE
FULL
HALF
HALF
FULL
0
LOCAL
UNKNOWN
FULL*
HALF
HALF
FULL
c0
NONE
0
1ST SYM
POSITIVE
~~COMMAND/TRACK/POINTER SYMBOLS______
4
HOOK
FULL
FULL
OFF
OFF
COMMAND
TRACK
FULL
NONE
FULL
NONE
HP,
FULL
TRACK
NONE
NONE
NONE
HPI
TRACK
FULL
FULL
E3
& PIV
AADCP
FULL
PI
NONE
0O
NONE
(
NONE
0
0NE
El
--
NONE
NONE
J~
OFF_______________
I4
FULL
OFF
I HAWK
POINTER /
JOYSTICK
OFF.
HALF
I
HALF
OFF
-
QUEUE
COMMAND
FULL
NONE
FULL
NONE
0
NONE
ENGAGED
TRACK
FULL
NONE
OFF
NONE
-NONE
Part 3
(
__G
OFF
FULL
POINTER
5-4
OFF
0
+
-NONE
NONE
97
NONE
1ST SYM
NEGATIVE
I--E
Table $-1. Composite Symbol Generotion-Continued
"X AMP
IST
.
SYMBOL
X AMP
NAME
tAMP
AMP
"
V AMP
2ND
DYM
N1D NO
_ _
SYMB
1ST SYMBOL
COMPOSITE
2ND SYMBOL
SYMBOL
BLANKING
SYMBOL
DISPLAYED
SYM
TARGET IDENTIFICATION SYMBOLS
LOCAL
HOSTILE
C
.
NONE
c
FULL
NONE
HALF
NONE
REMOTE
HALF
HALF
0
HOSTILE
NONE
NONE
NONE
HALF
QD
1:
ST SYM
FRIEND
NONE
NONE
NONE
NEGATIVE
symbol:
REMOTE
FRIEND
HALF
NONE
HALF
NONE
0
NONE
1ST SYM
NEGATIVE
senerat
via the
LOCAL
UNKNOON
FULL
NONE
HALF
NONE
(
5-19.
NONE
IST SYM
POSITIVE
HALF
NONE
..
ALF..
HALF
NONE
01
NONE
*LCLFULL
REMOTE
UNKNOWN
NONE
NONE
0
0
....
K
The
operati
produc
ST SYM
forPOSITIV
etwot
a
IST/2ND SYM
IDENTIFICATION CONFLICT SYMBOLS
sistor
ier. 7I
LOCAL HOSTILE/
FULL
HALF
REMOTE FRIEND
HALF
HALF
LOCAL HOSTILE/
FULL
HALF
REMOTE UNKNOWN
HALF
HALF
LOCAL FRIEND/
REMOTE HOSTILE
FULL
HALF
LOCAL FRIEND/
REMOTE UNKNOWN
C_)
Q
NONE
6oscila
NEGATIVE
degre(
gener.
0
POSITIVE
5-2).
HALF
HALF
~ident;
C)
NEGATIVE
NONE
FULL
HALF
C)
HALF
HALF
0
FULL
HALF
C)
REMOTE HOSTILE
HALF
HALF
0
LOCAL UNKNOWN/
REMOTE FRIEND
FULL
HALF
HALF
HALF
OFF
FULL
FULL
OFF
"--N"
imp
50
circ
HALF
OFF
-
sist
LOCAL UNKNOWN/
RIPPLEsigr
FIRE
0
C)NONE
Tht
0
Ompli
analo.
TRA
NEGATIVE
_
_
..
POSITIVE
.
POSITIVE
~Q
hag
..
age
20-K
an b~
NONE_
isazi
_
OSIIVEthe
O
NEGATIVE
C)
FULLHAL
0
,I___
Swit
allel
----
gro
W~h
tNIM
98
,'
;'_',
;:
-
-* *,.
*:,-.*
.. >
er(
.,,*..
..
--
.. _
.
.
,
,
U
"SUMN
I@STIL9 $"IDOL
0
VA~ar
my etwum
1
Figure 22.
y,6.CA ws.
M15 display.
(f) The flashing azimuth line appears as a brightened radial line once per rotation of the radial
sweep. The line is positioned in azimuth by a knob on the target designate control-indicator. In target designation, the flashing azimuth line and range circle are positioned to intersect the designated target video.
(g) The electronic cross (local track) is formed by bisecting range and azimuth marks that
represent the range and azimuth, respectively, of the TTR system. When the TTR is tracking a target, the
cross appears superimposed on the tracked target video. Appearance of the electronic cross on the PPI is
controlled by the TRACK CROSS switch on the target designate control-indicator.
(h) Portions of the 1 display may be expanded according to range or sector. When a particular
sector Is selected, that sector occupies the whole area of the 1 with the origin of the sweep at the edge of the
display instead of the center. Range and sector expansions are controlled by switches on the P15 (fig 17).
(2) The F1on the battery control console displays an expanded portion of the P1 presentation
centered about the intersection of the acquisition range circle and flashing azimuth line (fig 23). Thereby,
targets can be more accurately distinguished and located in range and azimuth. The PI displays a vertical
sweep, which represents a portion of the PPI sweep and acquisition and tFF video. The FPI range circle and
flashing azimuth line are represented by horizontal and vertical lines, respectively, etched in the protective
face of the M.
p9
I - RAW~ lift (efchew
2 - TFsrSet video (designated asp*t
h -Axlmu. The (atched)
Figure 23.
4 - Blectronic cross
S - sweep
PI display.
"t
DEP 9-1430-602-10
Table 3-30.
Basic Track and Ground Point Symbols
Symbol/name/description
Null symbol
Hostile, single
Symbol
No symbol
Hostile, multiple
>
Hostile, single (not eligible for engagement)
Hostile, multiple (not eligible for engagement)
(
Unknown, single
U
Unknown, multiple
U
!
Unknown, single (not eligible for engagement)
Unknown, multiple (not eligible for engagement)
Friendly, single
Friendly, multiple
Defended point
Intercept point
0
C3
Firing platoon (FP)
Digital Display Communication Set (DDCS)
Communication Relay Group (CRG)
Pointer
Ambiquous Jammer Position
,
Cursor (situation display)
Special
Jammer
S
/
Probable kill
(VOA1
" --
0iTr-1
-V
3-99"
IDEP .9-1430-602-10
Table 3-31.
Modifier symbols
Modifier
Modifier name
NO MODIFIER
Null
Q
Engaged
)
To-Be-Engaged (TEE)
(D~
Special
T
True
Jamer
Probable kill
r H
Engage hold
101
3-200
lei
L-~
CmftmGC
****%%*.:v
3
~
~
~
~
~
*...
DEP 9-1430-602-10
Table 3-32.
Speed/Heading Symbol Selection-
Velocity
Speed
Symbol length
CRT Display
Null
No speed/heading symbol shown
(example)
Y ( S- /3
(1/2 in.:) Dia ref
~
1.27 cm
n.)
2
Low
(1/2 in.) Dia ref
1.27 cm
High
*-~
.635 cm
(1/4 in.)
(1/2 in.) DIA REF
1.27 cm
01- i$.318 cm,
+
Medium
(1/16 in.)
_.159
cm_
102
3-101
-"
" ,/
. , .",
".."
.*-
.. -".',...
". -,.,"
.
.v .." •
", , .. ...-. .-.-
. . ..
. . . . . -
. .
.
.
. .
.
DEP 9-1430-602-10.
Table 3-33.
Vector
reference
Speed/Heading Symbol Selection -7 Heading
Symbol
heading (deg)*
1.
0
2.
of
ange
target heading (deg)
349 < Heading
_5 11
.22.5
11 <Heading
<_ 34
3.
45.0
34 < Heading
_< 56
4.
67.5
56 < Heading g
<
5.
90.0
79 < Heading
< 101
79
6.
40L
112.5
101 < Heading
S 124
7.
4
135.0
124 < Heading
< 146
8.
4
157.5
146 < Heading
S 169
9.
49>
180.0
169 < Heading
S 191
10.
202.5
191 < Heading
1 214
11.
225.0
214 < Heading
S 236
12.
247.5
236 < Heading
5S259
13.
270.0
259 < Heading
< 281
14.
292.5
281 < Heading
S 304
15.
315.0
304 < Heading
_5326
16.
337.5
326 < Heading
< 349
.Relative to Y axis of FP or DDCS coordinate system.
103
3-102
-_
.
. .
.
. , ,,
_. . *
-
..
.
. . .
.
.
. .
.
*
DEP 9-1430-602-10
Table 3-34.
Category
Static Data Symbology
Coding
Symbology
_MAP SzLXCT
pe'"arks
F
Basic symbol plus
Subordinate FP
a - I to 6
one numeric
Battalion no (DDcS)
3a
Basic symbol plus
two alphas
Zncludes 3 Adj Sbs
as - AA to ZZ
Comma Relay Group
(CRG)
re
General point
aOG
Basic symbol plus
three alphas
a&& - AAA to ZZZ
Defended point
r
asic symbol plum
one alpha
a - A to Z
Defended area
I
rI to 6
Basic symbol plus
one numeric
DEFEND AREAS
Forward Edge of
attle Area (FnBA)
a
Solid lines plus
l
one
v
---
VESA
Squares
alpha
Short dash - short
space lines plus
FERA
Average 4 line
Solid lines plus
one numeric and
one alpha
Average
a - I
a a r
u
T
Short dash - short
space lines plus R
and two numerics
Average of 4 sides
a - I to 99
long dash - long
space lines plus P
and two numerics
Average of S sides
nn - I to 99
Solid paired lines
plus C and two
Average of 4 paired
parallel line segwants nn a I to 99
S"mente
WPM CONTR AREAS
iapon control
volumes
10 APLAS
of 6 sides
to 9
(Free)
(Hold). or
(Tight)
I---'
Restrictea volume
_
Prohibited volume
(PnnM
*Safe passage
¢ nft
numerics
ORIGXh VOLS
Friendly point of
Fnn
origin volume
Averaqe of 6 sides
nn = I to 99
long dash - long
$
space
lines plus H
and two numerics
Average of 6 sides
nn to 99
Asteris. or
asterisk plus 2
alphas at high
brightness
as f Major Grid I
Asterisk at low
brightness
as
and two numerics
oHostile point of
origin volume
Short dash - short
space lines plus F
-
GEOREF GRID
,O0
Major grid point
intermediate grid
point
Major Grid 1D
MASK TERR
*•
y...emasked
terrain
.
n
Short dath - short
spice line plus
four characters
.. _ _j
-
104
"r
" *. .
.
.
"
". * '
."
*" "
" '
,.
.
"
.
I to 25 (kn
3-103
"
.""
.
*
"~ " -..
.
.
..
DEP 9-1430-602-10
ALTERNATE SECTOR BOUNOARY
IMUlUALLY EXCLUSIVE WITH
FULL SECTOR BOUNS,
GE REF MARREN
DOERAEOICAWE GR1D POINT)
*SRETRICTEO
RORWGR
CEO RlEr WARREN
(IBAJON GRID POINTS
ADJACENT PP TRACKFOWREDEF
AREA
ME
EDGNGO
GA~
COVERAGE SOUNDS
ARE
%%FES
%
%
oo
%
%RrSTOAE
GEOGRAPHIC~~~~ NOT
AKOERI
YSO
COMMAD
COTROLGROU
AREAIIOAE
DSYMBOLL
CORNTHO
SAFEA"I
&A~~O
RELAY GROUPDEF
COMNMO
REA
CORDRFENED
TRACK SECTOR DOUNDAlty
Ojv
I
GENERAL POINT
WEAPON CONTROL VOLUME
MS 182051
Figure 3-30.
3-104
Static Data Symbology
105
ROLAZL
ITMI
2.10. Rtaa Suroillancb.
-
*(1)
Swwilbni
-
Din 9-1425-625-10
Continued
Continued
Determine roaning of DPI display
as follows:
J
.
fI
IOM~t
I
I~~~~~~.
egRos. -
a.
Cu*AGIS -
, 1.1
O&S
IIL%*
.sD'.m
II
SfA
al e#~
%0C*?E
GOO..-.
'.Oq~.
I6 IFSC~
.3ST*O
A
TAOS
S
Siv
DREP0'IS~vao
SI
SOSLAVO
ANSIS
-TO*%T.0h11.G
%0ICPABThGN£Z
0 "h CooS s - O CootSo
O%0
otI#00AIB6
soN2t$ feuM &CTCo
Change I
106
IL-
UY
sC
TANI T- Coot
'.I fMT
%*fDIM&
O'
2-I5O.1f(-15O0t blank)
Cv IV ofCP
:)P-V A
Lower than second Priority.
No dots inside.
Lower than second priority.
No dots inside.
3
Radar being jammed and
sector affected. Spans
GRadar pointer mark to
command track radar
search of sector.
29
Target being trackced.
30
Blinking
107
Unengageable fixed wing
aircraft deleted.
31
Lower than second priority
missile. No dots inside.
Engageable.
9
*
Gunsight line-of-sight with
respect to north. Outside
10Kmn range ring.
24
Friendly aircraft
108
14
Confidence block.
Indicates a fair chance
of achieving an early
hit.
26
Confidence block.
Indicates a good chance
of achieving an early hit
*
27
Confidence block.
Indicates an excellent
chance of achieving
ai
an early hit.
28_
....
.
Ground vehicle. Fixed
orientation. One size for
engageable or unengageable.
Only range priority
indicated.
109
.19
*
-.-
~~.'.
*
*
2 -- V
-
Comnmander's periscope
line-of-sight with respect to
north. Outside '10Km range
ring.
25
Second priority Missile.
Engageable.
lot%,Hostility
unknown.
Symbol surrounds
helicopter.
13
Second priority Helicopter
target. Engageable.
110
North on display. Positioned
at top of 81(m range circle.
*Top priority Missile.
Engageable.
p
Second priority D'Unengageableel
Fixed-wing target, or object of
unknown classification. Dot
pattern same as engageable
target, only smaller.
10
Top priority Fixed-wing
Aircraft. Target, or object
of unknown classification.
Engageable.
On left;
Top priority helicopter
target, engageable.
On right;
Helicopter, NOT engageable.
16
Pointer to manually select
engageable and unengageable
targets.
20
/
Hull heading with respect
to north.
22
*
Hostility unknown,
Symbol surrounds fixedaircraft.
*wind
112
12
Engageable helicopter
target deleted.
On left;
Top priority fixed-wing
aircraft target,, engageable.
On right;
Fixed-wing aircraft, NOT
engageable.
15
Top priority Helicopter
target. Engageable.
4
priority 'Unengageable"
___________Top
Helicopter target. Dot
pattern same as engageable
target, only smaller.
1131
113
%A
Second priority Fixed-wing
Aircraft. Target, or object
of unknown classification.
Engageable.
2
Unengageable helicopter
target deleted.
32
Engageabie fixed-wing
target deleted.
17
Short-range line-of-sight
indicator at 2Km range ring.
S
114
2
Part 3.
Radar Symbols.
Many perceptual studies have used radar-like symbols to derive standard
symbols for use by radar operators. The following sets have been part of
experimental programs to attempt radar symbol standardization. These sets are
from the following source:
Hoxigfeld, A. Radar Symbology: A Literature Review. Technical
Memorandum 14-64, Human Engineering Laboratories, 1964.
The symbols portrayed represent a wide range of experimental work. A complete
reference list and discussing of the implications of the work performed is
contained in the above review.
115
FORMS
*
U
21
4.
A
4'
A1
+
*
+
Fig. 10. FORMS USED BY CASPERSON (1950)
116
Airplane
Circle
Crescent
Cross
Diamond
Double
ConcaveTrpoi
Ellipse
±Heart
Shield
Ship,
Heptagon
(Hexagon
+Octagon
*Swastika
JRectangleTrpzi
Square
Star*
Pentagon
Semicircle
itTriangle
Fig. 11. FORMS USED BY SLEIGHT (1952)
117
A
9f
I
m'w
"16C
NWM4
saw
9" P
5""
Fig. 12. FORMS USED FOR CHARACTRON TUBE
118
Q
6
7
10
11
____
16
15__
19
18
17
.12
,
20
Fig. 14. SYMBOLS USED BY BOWEN et al. (1959)
119
-
"~
~.*"',,..,+.
..
,.,,-,..-.r,
---
,,
.,,-.
'--
•t
/
/
Symbol:
I00 270 450 630 800 900 I000 1170 1350 1530 170
Inclination• 0P
\
Symbo
°
°
Inclination '180P 190°20'7 225 ° 243 260 2700 2800 z97 3150 3330 350'
24-Symbol Alphabet
Symbol,
Inclination a
00
J
/
120
30P
symbol
Inclination
-
600
780
90 °
150
10r 1200
°
168
'0
28o 300 330 ° 3480
1800 1920 2100 2400 258o 2700
20-Symbol Alphabet
Symbol'
Inclinationt
I
I
/
00
150
45
180
195P
225 °
....
75*
90
255P
2700
°
W05
1350
1650
3150
345c
Symbola
Inclination'
2850
16-Symbol Alphabet
Symbol'
Inclination'
00
20
Symbol
1
/
Inclination'
-
200P
10
9
70
2500
-
120
.,.-
, .,,,......,,_.._,.. ,.._, _
..',.','..*.,..,.S._,-._,-.
.,..%
1600
%m.
2700
12-Symbol Alphabet
Fig. 16.
l100
INCLJNAT1ON CODES
2900
3400
8-Symbol Alphabet
Symbol:
()Q
-
Axis Ratio# 0.00
0L05
0.11
0.O21
0.37
0.58
0.82
1.00
7-Symbol Alphabet
Symbol:
0
0.13
0.05
Axis Ratio; Q0.0
0.24
0.76
0.45
1.00
6-Symbol Alphabet
Q
Symbol:~ ->
Axis Ratio:
0.00
0.05
0.37
0.16
0.70
1.00
5-Symbol Alphabet
Symbo::
Is Ratio:
:
-
0.00
0.05
0.21
Fig. 22. ELLIPSE CODES
121
0.58
1.00
BASIC SYMBLS
GEN4ER.AL
UNKNOWN
FRIENDLY
Kn
[1311
Air
Surface
0
Sub-Surface
Fig. 25. BASIC SYMBOL DESIGNS
122
HOSTILE
*
Fig. 26.
FORMS USED BY NEWMAN AND DAVIS (1961)
123
AFPEIDIX C
Rank Orders of Geometric Symbols Studied
Highest ranking
symbols used in
four or more
studies
H ighest ranking
symbols used in
fewer than four
studies
Synbols used
deserving more
intensive study
1 24
I.
IN
LII
124
t
'l|Hip
i
' llE
.Ill
rocket
O-bar
flag
ball
Iradar
ost
lane2
125
Part 4.
TACFIRE DPM Symbols.
The following symbols and symbol primitives are from the digital plotter
map of the tactical fire direction system (TACFIRF). This is a printer overlay
to a large map board where characters and symbols may be transferred to the
hard copy map posted on the board.
126
TM 11-7440.242-23-1
A-,
C(SYMBOL
LIBRARY)
B (CHARACTER
BOX WITH ---DPM DISPLAY
HQ SYMBOL
UNIT SYMBOL
A
A BC D E F
U VW xvZ
X
H I J K L M k0
P0
RB
$%+
B
O (0) C
o00Q
C
C
Figure 14-2. DPM Test PatternDisplay
14.4
127
7
LIBRARY)
Part 5. Wargaming Symbols.
The following symbols are examples of the kinds of information portrayed
in a battlefield wargame exercise. The important thing to noteis the need to
summarize information and condense it into a small square area.
EXAMPLES OF PLAYING PIECES (from various SPI games)
Land Units
Naval Units
GwMneSas
7,;*AbfVW6N"i
3thru Sheox raspe
24~t
6 thro 7heboxage
13
6thm 10 box: ran
H
41achStrenghh
16m12 1
Rang
0,imsetm.
[ebrsm17]16
Mo..,,n.
A~ mdm" ek,
4 120
RisegrAtlo--
Attach Strengt
GE
FieSregh
%ieeeJ.F
b-69
S
5
~.
F
Aiw Coboe#
Mv~mnt
41j
someS~ ame
Strength
Allowance Greud
ID"W COm
Fleet Nationaisty and ID number
-IB 3-dentity
Cla- 1
Fre
Stength
Ramp
3
2 <'f>
1
Rolm
61 20
Sn...
SregthDcune
'31hA
sabUitD
law-
Air Units
DdenoStrelli
9 s4 movemesit Anti-Air Strength
1 6 1Defeat.Stregth Anti-Surface
strength 962Strength12
value
Anti-Submarine
Anti-Submarine jSCG4
BSo
42
t
AllwanceShpTp
Strength
A~.
IEcm
and Silhouet
Airref Tpe
Rannge AIIowence
Nationaitly Ond ID Dumbe"
AniSrface
iWW-
Netioeuiy
U
-
od Anti-Air Strength
-lwac
-RIL
is
F4
7 Rang Allowance~
3DfneSrnt
3DfneSo
ECM Value
0+
Strength
Type a&d Silhouette an Carrier-based Ind ionac
Anti-Aircraft Strength (at indica erne")-.
Oto2
3104
5106
i
Ambe"04r
Nationality:
u0W Attck
fiso
lwnName
FRANCE
N9_..
7 Shipgt
iaatSen
TY.0~D
Nationality:
-seonaMk
Nat
Attack Strength:
Rag
lpec
USRNationality:
Type Abbrew:
Surf-S
Abbe:
PSmo:Ty"e
~eT~peyinbolTyp
Symbol: Iqm4hmIType Symbo :~
(unks, Strength.
ESC
M.bF
-ueahuY
4/214
Fleet Quantity
Defens Strength
A2c
Aackg
USA
LRB
'
2/4'-
Fiet Quantity
Dcfenw ent
The above samples ame arranged Inthree columns (by general typel and Inascending order of scale reading down
* the columns Iie., from tactical leve games through strategic). Land column: atro, MechWar 77, Prestags,
Asnzergruppe Gudwran, Glbal War. Naval column: Frigsa Dedhought, Sixth Fleet, Fast Carriers, Global
War.~ Air Column: Foxhat & Phantomj, OAF War, Sixth Flet, Invasion 4nmeric, Global War. Note that ingeneral,
the low level and high level counters are relatively simple, wherees the middle level tactical counters are more
enomple. Note that the naval units awe something of an exception to this, since on all leves except the highest.
they represent Indivdual 04S.
128
Part 6.
Experimental Symbologies.
Each of the following symbol sets has been selected from studies of
symbols using a military scenario, or from new systems ideas. The references
for each are as follows:
1.
Smith, S. L. and Thomas, D. W. Display Color Coding Compared with Three
Shape Codes for a Class Counting Task. MITRE Technical Series Report
No. 12, 1963.
2.
Howell, W. C., and Fuchs, A. H. Population Sterotyping in Code Design.
Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 1968, (3), 310-339.
3.
Earl, W. K. Learning and Recognition of U.S., Soviet, and Pictographic
Military Symbology. US ARI Technical Report, Dec 1981.
4.
Moses, F. M. More Efficient Symbols for Present and Future Needs. Paper
presented at the Symposium on Computer Graphics in Support of Tactical
Command and Control, HQ, TCATA, Ft. Hood, 1977.
5.
MICROFIX Symbols for the Microprocessors for the Tactical Intelligence
Community. Prepared by U.S. Army FORSCOM and the George Institute of
Technology, 1982.
129
gW.
.
51
SMITbi --
MILITARY
SYMBOLS
Fig. I Shape codes used in display slides. For
consistency, military designations are used to
denote the aircraft shapes. As actually projected,
the diameter of the circle was 1/2" on the screen,
with the other symbols in proportion as shown.
130
GEOMETRIC
FORMS
AIRCRAFT
SHAPES
RADAR
TRIANGLE
C-54
GUN
DIAMOND
C-47
AIRCRAFT
SEMICIRCLE
F-IO0
MISSILE
CIRCLE
F- 102
1
SHIP
0
STAR
4
S-52
rWOM4
832
NOWELL AND FUCHS
0
(!
SUPERIOR
6000
ND]m~
all
PO00
6"S
PL*U
STEEL
ftU.L
A
BCAM0t
Vaoa kst
CAPaer.ilvy
CaPaOMI.,1
mavy
CALKC
11"K?~ &a Fact
ke. A SLPGA bOUI
=
=
er
am
ca~
W
0
->
fta*A
5.1
WE0*
am.,
SiU
1
c
0
Ot
Wi
ST
1
*l9Or
C m~
g~v
ma"
L
o
SSIh STE
Aftti~av
*An
Stg
Ro. 3. The intelligence terms and symbols used in Experiment V.
control condition was included. 'Mis condition consisted of 14 nonsense
symbols (nonsense code) to whic6i the unique concepts of both codes were
assigned. Ten subjects learned the 24-item military code and 14-item non.
sense code vith military concept responses. Ten more subjects learned the
intelligence code and the 14-item nonsense code with intelligence concepi
(
C60MT
VAWFTRI
rVURV
a*C¢AhV
S1*1G[
DEPO
M[OWWSS %
U;17S
ACM
WCOK"
I~iRCIO
MWICPA&.
3
AS (cLO
1
LM
ADAN
.
SIOSM
MWSIL
010006"
100up
Fia. 4. The military terms and symbols used in Experiment V.
a.
S1
&aV/i
tfI
dMIT-ICMr
EARLY
GIl
INICL
=
I
a0~
a
-=-
00'.Wa
*
imli (Memwabol)
Usm g.Th
HOI) end anla
Iu
131
(Nitl
sad m*p0i0I (Ilitsr" a
fa ExpeimenIt V.
tlUg e
,a
-.
qn-
CHS
n24uo-xLL AND
each sign in turn with one of the intelligence concepts. Signs were chos
to represent the extremes of stereotype values obtained in the earlier
studies; for each concept the sign ranked highest in applicability (high
stereotypy) and that ranked lowest (low stereotypy)' were used.
'1.,'
1
'isOn
=,.
0
0Ct
_-_.
i
05
--
or,
am om W
0
" ,,11107
a
&
-,
-
.42
0_
)
Z
3
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oo
"ii.MM
,
..
52
u
U&-M
3
soW8
IS
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swa
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£~Mr&a'.1
.
-
~&
OIL.Im~
b 83
g+€.o
..
23
0
28.
30
11
-
10
0b
0g
+'
9
I
8
Ono
go
. 92
vew mmia
65
-
32
33
1
!
-- a-*.W- 6
62 ,
•
i
("
L
G
s
47
-II
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i&,
am -O -
7
-
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I bb',II . ei
"i.%""Y
,,~
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:
95
Nt £7
69
.
lwfaf
so Mi
o
.9
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-.
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in~ an
mm
132
ica
SYMBOL CODE
CONCEPT
AbreiatonSoviet
Nam
Nam...........Abbevaton
US Code
Pic tographic
Code
Code
ATR
Artillery.Thiit .....
(Arty)
Artillery Gun
(FA-Gun)
Self Propelled Gun
(SP-Gun)
Anti-Tank Gun
(AT-Gun)ijt
+
~
+I
AA
*
Anti-Aircraft Gun
(AA-Gun)
Anti-Aircraft Missile
(AA-MSL)
Artillery Missile
(FA-MSL)
Mortar
(Obne)
Machine Gun
(MG)+
Armored Personnel
(APC)
j
IA
C
Carrier
*
Mechanized Inf. Unit
(Mach Inf)MI
Helicopter
(Heli)
Airmobile Inf. Unit
(Airmo Inf)AM
Airborne Inf. Unit
(Airbru
*Motorized
Inf. Unit
(Inf)
Tank
(None)
Armor Unit
(Armor)
1.
mI)
i.1
A I
e
MTI
(Motor Inf)
Infantry Unit
FIGURE5
IV
1
-
L iA
The three 19-item symbol codes used in the experiment.
133
AU
0
Z,
cDcg
LLSS
Nb
c
oG
UU
0e%6df
domm
-
us
*
'see
uju@a
e.
@a
1
IV
t4
&U
doe
-
z
*
9
&
9
c
ft
134
9
,
**
*
o9.
Color association bimaJor category:
lue - Motorized
Violet - Tank
fT1i
Red - Artillery and Air Defense
White - Chemical
Green - Engineer
To give you a feel for what the
initial MICROFIX symbols will look like,
Multiple color association by type unit in
the following description is provided.
diamond figiue: ------ Atley
soi a r.
.
Artllery.
Symbology:
Red with Green base ---- Surface to
surface missile.
Violet --- Free Rockets
with
base
Red
over Ground (FROG).
Solid Green ----------- Engineer.
Green base with White -- River Crossing.
Solid White ----------- Chemical.
Solid Violet ---------- Anti Tank.
Violet base with White - Reconnaissance.
Shape represents the following:
Control
Combat Support
Headquarters or
Combat Units
or Combat Service
Support Units
Hierarchy is represented by size:
Symbols:
andBox.
Detailed
-- R FROMTlist
-----of Players
Large Blue
AR CA ------- Large Box. Blue base
wth Whte.
AR TK -------- Large Box, Violet base
with White.
DV AN ------- Medium Box, Blue base
with White.
DV MR -------- Medium Box, Blue.
DV K -------- edium Box, Violet.
RG ARTY-A
----
Large
Diamond,
Red.
Large Diamond, Red base
N SSM ------- with
Green.
Amy, Front
Division
Battalion
BD
RG
BN
RG
Regimnt,
Brigade
Battalion
opany
RG
RG
RG
RG
BN
BN
BN
BN
BN
BN
BN
BN
SN
CO
135
Large Diamond, Red base
with White.
ENGR ------ Large Diamond, Green.
PONBR ----- Large Diamond, Green
base with White.
CHEM-A ---- Large Diamond. White.
MR -------- Medium Box, Blue base
with White.
TK ------- Medium Box, Red.
ARTY-T---- Medium Box, Red.
ARTY-T ---- Medium Box, Red.
AAA ------ Medium Diamond. Red
base with White.
MRL ------- Medium Diamond, Red
base with Green.
FROG ---.-- Medium Diamond, Red
base with Violet.
AT-M ------ Medium Diamond, Violet.
RECN-T ---- Medium Diamond, Violet
base with White.
RECN-M ---- Medium Diamond, Violet
base with White.
ENGR ------ Medium Diamond, Green.
CHEM ------ M edium Diamond, White.
R -------- Small Box. Blue.
TK -------- Small Box, Violet.
AM ------- Small Diamond, Red base
with White.
Small Diamond, Red.
ARTY -----ANTK ------ *Small Diamond, Violet.
BD SAM-A
CO
CO
-----
Research Note 86-74
In
M
0
SYMBOLOGY SOURCEBOOK FOR MILITARY APPLICATIONS
NBeverly
G. Knapp
TI=
Battlefield Information Systems Technical Area
Franklin L. Moses, Chief
SYSTEMS RESEARCH LABORATORY
Robin L. Keesee, Director
CT E
~c1
L
*U.
S. Army
Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences
APRIL 1986
Approved for public release; disrbution unlimited.
X.-
91986
U. S. ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
A Field Operating Agency under the Jurisdiction of the
Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel
W
DARRYL HENDERSON
(X)L, IN
Commanding
EDGAR M. JOHNSON
Technical Director
DTIC
II
#open hI
bee
clae
o
ees
o
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ee
s
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no
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n Cete
I C)
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give
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,,j..or
,nfom atio e nte ( TiC..f h as bee.
Thi,epot is be n cleare o r releas to e Def ense Techica
gven no-
other primary distribution and will be avalleble to requestors only through DTIC or other reference services such
as1w National Technical InforeaionSaerni INTIS). The vilew, opinions, and/or findings contained in this
I
report we those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position.
I
policy. or decision, unless so designated by other official documentation.
IJ
UNCLASSIFIED
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (hen
Date Entered)
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. S. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMUER
)- / rl7 3) 1/
. REPORT NUMBER
ARI Research Note
. TITLE
READ INSTRUCTIONS
BEFORE COMPLETING FORM
8 6-74
S. TYPE OF REPORT A PERIOD COVERED
dSmtitl.)
September 1984 - January 1985
SYMBOLOGY SOURCEBOOK FOR MILITARY APPLICATIONS
6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER
S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(&)
7. AUTNOR(')
Beverly G. Knapp
U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral
and Social Sciences. 5001 Eisenhower Avenue
Alexandria, VA 22333-5600
AREA&
12. REPORT DATE
April 1986
U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral
5001 Eisenhower Avenue
13. NUMBER OF PAGES
138
Alexandria, VA 22333-5600
4
14.
WORK UNIT NUMBERS
2QI62717A790
It. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS
and Social Sciences.
PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK
10.
S. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
15. SECURITY CLASS. (of this report)
MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(ff different from Controlling Office)
UNCLASSIFIED
IS&.
16.
DECLASSI FI CATION/OOWNGRAOING
SCHEDULE
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Report)
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited
17.
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
(of the abstract entered in Block 20, It different from Report)
1S. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
19. KEY WORDS (Continue on revrse side It neceary and identify by block number)
Symbols
Military Symbology
Symbology Needs
Symbology Survey
TACSYM
FM 21-30
/
20.
7
/,,
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(
t' j)' *-
-,.
A8STWAC7 (Cmitu* mirversen shb N negeeamy, ad Identiftp by block numbsr)
The purpose of this document is to provide an up-to-date reference of all
available military symbols currently being used. This listing is preceded by a
summary of recent ARI research efforts in the area of the design and use of
The first
military symbology. The research efforts proceeded in three stages.
military
used
currently
of
many
organization
and
collection
the
stage required
the
included
catalog
This
conflicts.
identify
to allow comparisons and
symbols
Army Field Manual 21-30 and was the basis for a comprehensive database of
military symbols, known as TACSYM. TACSYM and several other sources 4not
-, (continued on back)
Aritmed by ARI) are listed in this document.
i0
OM,,
EDITIO or,, NOV 6sIS OBSOETE
o
vUNCLASSIFIED
v3o
i
SECURITY CLASSIFCATIOR OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)
UNCIASSIFIED
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION Of THIS PAGE(hon Dala ABnfotd)
item #20
Abstract - continuation
e second research stage was a survey of user's symbology needs.
It revealed two major issues:
(1) symbols did not exist for many concepts, and
(2) therefore, users developed their own personalized illustrations for the
concepts, resulting in a myriad of symbols representing the same concept.
The third research stage was to experimentally investigate how to best develop
and portray military symbols. Symbol characteristics such as perceptual
discri~ainablity, associative value, and configuration have been found to affect
symbol detection. A systematic technique for choosing among alternative
symbols was developed and procedures for designing new ones are presently being
investigated.
/4
ii
UNCLASSIFIED
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(ft~an Data Enteted)
FOREWORD
Military symbology is a widespread communication system used by the Army
to convey battlefield information. For a number of years, the U.S. Army
Research Institute has been oriented toward developing better methods of
displaying symbols. Because new weapons are being developed at a rapid
pace, the Army Field Manual FM 21-30 does not contain symbols for many new
concepts. Research efforts have concluded that FM 21-30 needs to be updated so that new symbols are standardized, hence facilitating communication throughout the Army. This document summarizes recent ARI research in
symbology and catalogs many available sets of military symbols.
The U.S. Army Research Institute has been actively investigating the best
methods of graphically portraying military symbols. Research has identified specific factors that either improve or degrade symbol detection and
subsequent performance. Methods of designing and evaluating new symbols
are being studied, and a method for selecting among alternative symbols
has already been found. The ongoing efforts at ARI will ultimately lead
to a more clear understanding of visual battlefield information.
I
•,-,ii.
.
Table of Contents
General Introduction and Research on Design and Use of Symbols
1
Symbol Sets
Introduction
14
TACSYM automated symbol catalog (17 military sources)
15
Air Defense Symbols
85
Radar Symbols
115
TACFIRE DPM Symbols
126
Wargaming Symbols
128
Experimental Symbologies
129
v
General Introduction and Research on Design and Use of Symbols
Military symbols are an integral part of conveying information pertinent to the battlefield.
Symbols are used to identify and summarize im-
portant unit information of all kinds.
Because they are used so
frequently, symbols have become a language, specified in Army Field Manual
21-30, Military Symbols.
Unfortunately, the needs and usefulness of sym-
bols have advanced beyond that specified by the FM and there are many
cases in Which two or more different symbols are used to portray the same
concept.
Furthermore, individual units have often found it necessary to
develop their own specialized symbols to convey information specific to
their needs.
See Figure 1.
With the increased deployment of distributed
C2 and automation, these practices may give rise to numerous problems,
including errors, time delays, confusion, and misunderstandings about the
intended message.
Therefore the overall quality of communication may be
degraded.
Researchers at the Battlefield Information Systems Technical Area of
The Army Research Institute developed a three-step program to investigate
the above-mentioned problems and issues in military symbology and to of:er
remedial steps and guidelines for using symbols.
The first stage involved
collecting and indexing many military symbols and compiling them into a
single database.
The product of this research stage was an automated
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catalog of military symbols (TACSYM).
The development of TACSYM induced a
second stage of research in which the symbolic
community were surveyed.
needs of the military
The third stage of research was a series of
experiments aimed at determining the best methods of symbolic portrayal.
The current sourcebook includes a summary of ARM research completed at
each of the three stages and a comprehensive hard copy listing of
available military symbols.
The first stage of research was to compile military symbols in a
cataloguing effort.
symbol database.
The result of such efforts was TACSYM, an automated
The database contains over 1000 military tactical
symbols (including the Army Standard FM 21-30) which are catalogued by
concept, category, and symbol source.
The completion of TACSYH highlighted the mismatches between symbols
such as those included in FM 21-30 and those actually used.
This was the
basis for initiating the second research stage, which was a survey of the
users' symbology needs (Landee, Geiselman, & Clark, 1981).
the survey was to a)
The purpose of
identify military concepts that did not have a
standard method (in FM 21-30) of graphic portrayal, and b)
existing non-standard, personalized ways.
examine the
It was therefore concluded
that FM 21-30 needed to be updated so that new concepts could be
represented.
%
%
P,3
OP.
.-
*
A rAmber of research efforts for resolving symbol conflicts comprised
stage 3:
a method for generating new symbols for FM 21-30 proposed by
Knapp (1983).
The method required concepts to be identified which were
either represented by too many symbols or were not represented at all.
Eight such concepts were presented to military personnel, who were asked
to illustrate each one by a drawing.
The elicited drawings were then
clustered according to obvious visual similarities.
The method thus
provides a systematic means of eliciting likely candidates for future use.
Once the candidates are generated and clustered, experts are then
presented with clear-cut options from which to determine a standard.
Symbol structure.
Geiselman, Landee, and Christen (1982) addressed
the problem of selecting among alternative graphic symbols by developing a
prototype index of perceptual discriminability.
Regression analysis of
inter-symbol similarity indicated that judged similarity was based on the
number of shared versus unique configural attributes (e.g.,
an X, a
triangle) as opposed to primitive symbol attributes (e.g., number of
lines, arcs).
These results were used to derive the prototype
discriminability-index formula, which was tested in a subsequent
!
experiment.
The formula can be adapted for general use to decide among
alternative symbols.
4
The distinction between primitive and configural attributes is
conceptually similar to a distinction between local (detailed) and global
(general) features.
Using a detection-task paradigm, Knapp (1985) found
that speed and accuracy of target symbol detection declined when the
target and distractor symbols were both from the same global category.
Consistent with a serial model of perceptual processing, speed and
accuracy of target symbol detection were better when the target was
presented alone than when the target was presented with the distractor.
Symbol meaning.
Once a symbol set has been chosen, the best method of
portraying each symbol must be determined.
In an early study (Bersh,
Moses, & Maisano, 1978), enlisted men rank ordered the strength of
association between simple graphic codes or symbols and military concepts.
Results indicated that half of all associations were classified as high or
medium and the other half were classified as minimal or insignificant,
suggesting that high associations may be "natural" and that low
associations may be "unnatural".
Earl (1982) examined the ability to learn symbols as a function of
symbol type (U.S., Soviet, or "pictographic").
Both learning and
detection performance were found to be significantly better for the
4
4
*
5
.*
ARI-developed pictographic symbols than for the U.S. and Soviet symbols.
These findings support the use of pictographic images for ease of
learning.
More recently, Knapp (1984) compared two techniques for evaluating
symbol meaningfulness.
One group of military personnel was given a
paired-comparison task in which two symbols were presented; participants
chose the one that best represented a given concept.
A second group was
presented with a single symbol and was asked to rate how well it
represented a given concept.
Results indicated that abstract symbols -
those with a meaningful shape and outline, but little detail - were more
meaningful than either "picture" type images or arbitrary images which had
to be learned.
The meaningfulness of a symbol is a critical factor when
detailed map study is required; and abstract symbols are desirable for use
on computer generated displays.
Ciccone, Samet, and Channon (1979) developed a query-based methodology
for eliciting tactical requirements for constructing military symbols.
Experienced officers were asked to generate task-related tactical questions and their answers.
The question and answer sets were organized
according to tactical theme and level of detail.
These data sets repre-
sented information requirements which could form the basis for a dynamic,
flexible database for tactical symbology.
Ciccone et al. also analyzed
i.
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the effectiveness of symbol design based on behaviors such as symbol discrimination, display search, and symbol learnability.
Guidelines for
improving symbol effectiveness, such as eliminating unnecessary detall/complexity and maximizing symbol discriminability, were suggested.
In summary, the Army Research Institute has taken steps toward
resolving symbol conflicts and developing techniques for creating new
symbols:
(1)
Survey of user needs for symbology.
Officers with field unit
experience and familiarity with current doctrine were surveyed to produce
an inventory of user needs for symbols to portray battlefield information.
In matching the needs cited with current symbols available for use (FM
21-30), it was shown that over 60% of user requirements are not
symbolized.
(2)
Step-wise procedure for designing new symbols.
ARI has
developed a method for isolating the components of "good" (easily located
and identified in a display) symbols based on the geometric and primitive
structures of the symbol, the associative value ("meaning") of the symbol,
and the understandability of the symbol.
*selected
The technique used symbols
from the TACSYM automated catalogue and compared them using
experimental means.
7
(3) Development of an algorithm to resolve symbol conflicts.
A
formula has been developed which allows discrimination between two or more
symbols which portray the same concept.
The formula assigns a numerical
rating to each symbol based on the user's perception of various configural
aspects of the symbol.
A higher value indicates a more highly
discriminable (more recognizable) symbol.
The research has clearly identified several recommendations for using
military symbology.
These recommendations are summarized in a flow chart
(next page, followed by specific examples), which suggests courses of
action for choosing or designing symbols.
Other recommendations include
incorporating the production and selection techniques used in ARI research
to update FM 21-30 to include previously unsymbolized concepts.
New
symbols should be empirically investigated prior to being implemented
because some lead to inadequate performance.
Once good symbol candidates
have been selected, they should be standardized so that widespread
communication is facilitated (see Landee & Geiselman, 1984).
8
Pocedres for Design and Uise of 'mctical Syirhols
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General Guidelines - Design and Use of Tactical Symbols
o For decisions regarding conflicts among 5 or fewer symbols, user judgments
are sufficient to select a standard symbol.
o
Selecting symbols for associative meaning:
1. Symbols which carry allot of associative meaning (rated high in terms
of relationship to intended concept relevant) are best used in tasks which
require prolonged map study and heed to be remembered through time.
2. Symbols with abstract
just as meaningful as symbols
ones are thus recommended for
and will be more amenable for
Example:
Concept
(outline) shapes that highlight the concept, are
which are more pictoral in nature. The abstract
use since they are easy to identify and learn,
use in computer generated displays.
HELICOPTER
Abstract
Pictoral
Recommended
Not Recommended
o Selecting symbols for immediate recognition value: The structure of symbols
(shapes, lines, orientation, etc.), is important in tasks where it is necessary
to search for and locate a particular symbol quickly.
In selecting a symbol for use in this application, particular attention must
be paid to the symbol structure to insure that it is not too similar to other
symbols to be used on the map display.
10
*.*
.
.
Procedure for Design and Use of Tactical Symbols:
Symbol Condition:
1.
2.
Too many symbols for one concept (helicopter)
Determine usage requirement:
Rate symbols for similarity:
I
I
very similar
3.
4.
Example
immediate recognition on map display
use 15-20 individuals
I
I
very dissimilar
Select top 2-3 symbols for similarity/dissimilarity.
Conduct performance task:
devise map display task using 15-20 individuals.
ask each individual to find
predetermined target symbol
after brief map exposure.
5. Recommend best (easiest to detect) symbols for use; have task force finalize
selection of one symbol.
%
!i
...........-
REFERENCES
Bersh, P., Moses, F. L., & Maisano, R. E. Investigation of the strength of
association between graphic symbology and military information. (Technical
Paper No. 324), September, 1978, U.S. Army Research Institute for the
Behavioral & Social Sciences.
Ciccone, D. S., Samet, M. G., & Channon, J. B. A framework for the
development of improved tactical symbology. (Technical Report
PATR-1063-79-4-(1). April, 1979. Prepared for the U.S. Army Research
Institute for the Behavioral & Social Sciences by Perceptronics.
Earl, W. K. Learning & recognition of U.S., Soviet & pictographic military
symbology. (Technical Report No. 583).
June, 1982. U.S. Army Research
Institute for the Behavioral & Social Sciences.
Geiselmar, R. E., Lardee, B. H., & Christen, F. G. Perceptual discriminability as selecting graphic symbols. Human Factors, 1982, 24(3),
329-337.
Knapp, B. G. Production method for designing tactical symbols: A case
study. (BISTA Working Paper No. 83-2). August, 1983. U.S. Army Research
Institute for the Behavioral & Social Sciences.
Knapp, B. G. Scaling military symbols:
A comparison of techniques to derive
associative meaning. Paper presented at the Human Factors Society Meeting,
October 1984, San Antonio, TX.
Knapp, B. G. The precedence of global features in the perception of map
symbols. (Research Report, in press). U.S. Army Research Institute for
Behavioral & Social Sciences.
Landee, B. H., & Geiselman, R. E. Graphic portrayal of battlefield
information: Executive summary. (Research Report No. 1369). March, 1984.
Prepared for the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral & Social
Sciences by Perceptronics.
Landee, B. M., Geiselman, R. E., & Clark, C. S. Military symbology: A usercommunity survey. (Technical Report No. 582). September, 1981. Prepared
for the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral & Social Sciences
by Perceptronics.
12
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\fI
SYMBOL SETS
5.
13
Introduction
This section of the sourcebook presents sets of symbols for military
applications.
It Is divided into subsections based on the source of the symbol collection. Part 1 contains over 900 symbols from 17 current standard or
proposed military systems compiled as TACSYM - the automated tactical
symbology catalog-produced for the Army Research Institute. This catalog,
in its automated version, allows personnel to call up the TACSYM program
on a computer display terminal and view symbols by indexing them according
to selected categories or concepts. The user has control over which symbols may be viewed by selecting from a menu of categories and concepts. A
hard copy print out of these categories in Part 1. Part 2 contains Air
Defense symbols from 7 sources. Part 3 contains radar symbols used in
various experimental activities. Part 4 contains symbols currently
available for printing on the digital plotter map of the TACFIRE system.
Part 5 are examples of symbols in a wargaming application.
Part 6 contains symbols used in various experimental programs with a military scenario. All of the symbols contained in parts 2 - 6 are planned for
eventual inclusion 'n the TACSYM automated catalog of symbols, so that
they may be categorized and thus available for viewing and indexing. Each
collection of symbols is preceded by a brief introduction explaining its
nature and background.
14
Part 1.
TACSYM Automated Symbol Catalog
An automated catalog of tactical symbols has been compiled and designated "TACSYM" (tactical symbology). Over 900 military symbols are catalogued by concept, category, and symbol source (see lists of each on pages
to follow). TACSYN is accessed by interacting with a computer terminal ,
so that in realtime a user may index and view symbols by any of the three
parameters (source, category concept). TACSYM also contains a tutorial of
overall TACSYN structure, methods for constructing and inputting new symbols, and text describing current studies in symbology.
The TACSYM catalog highlights the facts that (1) There are a vast
quantity of unique symbols in existence, many of which portray the same
concept:
(2) That there are no current available symbols to portray
certain types of battlefield information projected as critical for future
needs (e.g., unit status, threat, mobility, etc.).
TACSYM is currently deployed at the computer graphics facility at
CASAA, Ft. Leavenworth, KS, and is soon to be installed at the laboratory
facility at HQ ARI, Alexandria, VA.
i1
,IS
Symbology Sources currently contained in TACSYM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
DIVRAS - DARCOM Division Realtime Applications Study
NATO D-49 - NATO Standard (1970)
TCO - Marine Corps Tactical Control Operations
FM 31-30 - Army Standard Symbols (1970)
TOS - Tactical Operations System
CPS - Combat Power Symbology
BETA Test Bed - Battlefield Exploitation/Target Acquisition
MIFASS - Marine Integrated Fire and Air Support System
9.
TAOC-85 - Marine Tactical Air Operations Center - 1985
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
TACC - Marine Tactical Command Center
ITAOC - Marine Improved Tactical Air Operations Center
AF-E-3A PPI - Air Force Tactical Air Control Systems
AF 407L/485 LT - Air Force Tactical Air Control Systems
PLRS - Position Location/Reporting System
AFR 55-25 - Air Force Tactical Air Control Systems
FM 101-5-1 - Staff Officer's Field Manual
CDEC-VIDS - Combat Developments Experimentation Center Vehicle Integrated Defense System
a
16
Un
Symbol Categories in TACSYM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Activity
Aviation
Communication
Vehicles
Tactical Unit
Measle
Combat Service Support
Nuclear-Rio-Chemical
Obstacles and Fort
Installations
Weapon
17
Symbol Concepts in TACSYM
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
45
46
47
48
49
58
51
Action
Bridging
Ferrying
Movement
Destroyed
Phoney
Propoganda
69 Responsibility
9
10
11
12
13
-14
15
16
17
18
19
28
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
3
36
37
36
39
48
41
42
43
44
Snorkeling
Aerial
Antisubmarine
Aviation
Bomber
Close Air Support
Drone Aircraft
Fighter
Fixed Wing Aircraft
Helicopter
Marine
High Performance
Medevac
Rescue
Seaplane
Transport
Emit
Message Center
Signal
uclear
Formation
Reconnaissance
Jamming
Radar
Radio
Telephone
Teleprinter
Television
ADP Central
Elec. Navig. Aid
Microphones
Target Designator
Visual Station
Amphibious
Animal
Armoured
18
Boat
C-Cube
Cargo
Engine
Ferry
Air Cavalry
Hovercraft
52 Operational
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
61
83
84
85
96
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
CBR
Chemical
Combined Arms Army
CE]I
C2 Element
Decontamination
Command
96 Electronic
Communication
97 Electronic Warfare
Over-snow
98 Engineer
Personnel
Food
Missile
100 Infantry
Railway
101 Fuel
Shooter
102 Irregular Forces
Sledge/sled
103 Maneuver Unit
Vehicle
104 Marines
Ship
105 Brigade
Airfield
106 Military
107 Mortar Fire Unit
Submarine
Tracked
108 Motor Rifle
Landing Site
109 Mountain
Train
110 Movers
i1 Navy
Wheeled
112 Ordnance
Unspecified
113 Parachute
Landing Zone
114 Reinforcement
Vehicles
115 Shooters
Surface
116 Special Forces
Seaplane Station
117 Bio or Chem Event
Landing Vehicle
118 Contamination
MICV
119 Radioactive Area
Air Defense
Ammunition
120 Radioactive
Air Mobile
121 Targets
122 Booby Trap
Air Transportable
123 Bridge
Air Naval Ground
124 DemolItion
Airborne
125 Fence
Antiaircraft
126 Data Processing Unit
Antitank
127 Dental
Armour
128 Maintenance
ArwN Security Agcy
129. Major. End Items
Artilleru
130 Medical
Collecting Point
131 Hospital
FA
132 Medical Supply
Construction
SYMBOL CONCEPTS
133
134
135
136
137
13a
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
168
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
Mines
Missile Supply
Multi-Class
Multirole
Nuclear Storage
Personal Demand
Repair Parts
Wire
Obstacle
Subsistence
Traffic Control
Unknown Logistic
Water
Force
Headquarters
Landing
Logistics Unit
Marine Amphibious
Aero Medical
Motor Transport
Petroleum Supply
Shore Party Team
Support
Rear Area Operations
Service
Trains
Ground Attack
ICV
Tank
Clothing
Plane
Flame Thrower
Gun
Mortar
Naval Gunfire
Rifle
Rocket
Rocket Launcher
Weapon
Smoke Generator
Track:
Vegetation
Toxic Agent
Trenches
Zone
Commo Site
Howitzer
19
SCLRCE A D
L
GOSRYWUS
1.1.1
TCTOL WIT/
Air Cavalrvl
FM 21-30
DI a1.6
1.1.2
TACTrICAL UIT.-#
NATO I)-49(1980)
Air Cav/k/
1.1.3
DI s 3.53
TACICI. LMAir Cavlr/
1.2.1
TACTICAL INIT/
Air
(Ao)Defense/
1.2.2
TACTI
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.2.6
•
7WTC
Z
NTO D-49(198), TOG
BETA TEST BD
FM 21-30, ETA EST ]ED
UNIT/
Air Def ense/
rtillerM
DI a 1.63
IT '
TACICA.
Air Defense"
artiller
BETA TEST 20
ADA unknown, or Rqt or Stry.
DI 2.13
IjiI
UIT'/
TACTICAL
Dfense
Air
Air
t
artlller ee
target
1.2.5
Ir
I,:S
A
~l
Unilt size is noted below
TEST 10
"ETA
TACTICA. LT/
Air W ~fense
missile
TCTICAL
RV
See Missile for related
CP
T1I
Air Deene'
* missile Can@~j
20
1.2.7
CATEGORY,,,cOaT/
TACrlC L UNIT/
Air Defense/
tube
1.3.1
mnwWIl
TACTICFG. LIMIT/
Air PbbiIt/
SOLRCE AN FVV
SW OL
CPS
D
M21-30t NATO D-49(198)
DI a 9. 73
1.3.2
TACT1M LIIT/
TOG
Air flobile/
1.3.3
DI a 2.63
TCTI: LIMIT/
C
Air lbb ie/
has sufficient air web helos
to conduct air mob operations
NATO D-49(1980)
TACTICAL LIIITI
*1.4.1
Air Transportable.I
1.5.1
TACTICF. UNITAir Naval ground/
liaison
TCO
1.6.1
TACTICL
FmI 21-38, TO!
1.6.2
1.6.3
Airborne/
NIY
~DI
[~
]
TACTIC.L IUMT/
Airbornu/
TACTIIF
Airborne/
CP
97
a 9.73
ETA TEST BED
ywbo I
same as NATO D-49
parachute alimbol.
B-ETA TEST IM
LIIT
21
-'Ie
I
DI
*1.63
CaPT/
O1TEGORYC
S0MRM ANC
SYMBOL
1.6.4
TACTICL. UIT/
Airborne/
inmntraU
FI 21-30t Tr6
1.7.1
TACTIAL. UIT/
YCO
q
Afphlbious/
1.7.2
TACTIC L LIIT/
arphlb iousi
FM 21-30, IiTO D-49(10)
1.3.1
TACTICAL MT/
AF -3A
nt itank/
F V
,TO
DI a 1.63
TACTICAL UNIT/
Ant itank/
CPS
1.9.3
TACTICAL WIT/
Altitwtk/
hel ,opter
NATO D-49(19w)
1.9.4
TACTICAL IT/
itank/
Ait
missile
missi e
1.9.2
.
1.16.1
"PPI
0 " 4.Ze
DI
I
\
I/
I MA
NA:TO D-49( 190)
See
Missile
for related
sy bol
$*
PM 21-30, HATO D-49(199e)
TACTICAL UIT/
TOS, BETA TEST
T
rmowr/
22
D
1.18.2
1.1.3
TxTcFL UiI"CP
DI 0 5.18
A-aw
nl213
DI a 1.58
WOICFL LtII1
wrmr/
Uit size is noted below
A.Nm**
Set InfenttUV for rela e
A-mo r
avbo.1.
infamum
1.18.6
1.11.1
P1 21-30* 106. DET14 lET
TFCTIC(. L UIT/
recce or cay
LMIT/
wayd Secur ityAgcW
12-3
4rrCTIF
Ai
1.121 r~TIVLL31r/HTO
-49(190)
Immiediate request 600b1,
siaz e n t d below Ov 16 l %b
frtillew~
3
23
CATEGORY/CONCEPT/
1.12.3
WArS
TCTICF. LIlY
m(~~)Im
1.124
1.12.5
1.12.6
SOLPM Mt FiraM
SYMBOL
Imirdate request symb*ol1,
size noted below s*Whol.
WASF
TACTICF. LHZT/Pet IIlerVI
taget
Size noted below sjVjirol.
TATICR.L UNIT/
FM 21-3, TOG
TACTIO.LtII?'
HATO D-49(1990)
Artiller~
rocket
E
1.12.?
TFCTICF. UNIT/CP
A-t i I rV/
rocket (eneN)
1.12.8
TCTIO. LI4IT/
A-t llervd'
PR.
BTA ~T
TACTICF1L LIT/
cp
1.13.1
3ED
See weapons section for other
mutrocket launcher s*Vmbo is.
tube Cenwj)
b
1.14.1
F" 21-30
TACIL UaII?
DI 0 2. 63
1.14.2
TA~TI.
[~J
iLHITo
24
MATO D-49C19W)
DI
a
1.38
SVIUO
OUEQMCRO'cu7T/
1.15.1
TACTICAL UZT/
Chemical/
SOLRC AMFO
TOS
Symbol represents chemical or
chemical decontamination unit
1.15.2
TACTIC
BTETA TEST lE
U.IT/
Chemical/
defense
1.16.1
1.16.2
I
1.17.1
1.19.1
TCTI. LWlIT/
Combined Arms Arwj/
TOG
I a .7
TACTICAL. UMIT/
CA
Combined Irm B rm /
TACTICI:L UNTr/_,CEWI/
TACTIC
BETA TEST IM
DI * 6.73
HATO D-49(190))
s ETA TEST 10
LWIT/
CE Element/
-
R
+
if £-3A PPI
1.19.1
TACTICAl.
Cowmsn/ UT/
1.19.2
TACTICAL LIIT/
COMM
post
FMI 21-30, IPTO D-49(1980)
, TOSG BETA TEST ED
DI a 1.63
1.19.3
TACTIOa. LT/
cps
post
DI s S.19
-
iF E-3A PI
25
. . ..- .,,
*.. . .
,..
. ..,.-.. ..
-,
.
, _ . , ,-. ,
.+, . . .
.
1..1
1.21.1
TACOL IMIT/
Elecrni Wefarel
FMI 21-3U
inl
(EetoiW)Irae
(DI)
See sinlfor related
Sial DI a 1.63
TACTIOL IMT/
NATO2-1- fiOP-9198
bridging
1.21.4
TACTIO:L WT/
Engineer/
bridging
eae
a 4.3
Engi~/DI
TACTIL LWIT#'
Eng
~
0 aI1.6.3
Eng lnees
1.21.3
CV
SYBLSOLPRCA
CAiEOCmCCK/
CPSO~491
~DI
LI
a 421
2i1
FMI 21-30, BETA TEST BED
I*~'4
.13
1.21.5
TACTIOLt UWT
EngiSneer/'
pipeline bridge
META TEST IID
1.32.1
TWCI. UIIT/
Infaitrg/
FMI 21-3U, TOGS, BETA TEST IM
1.32.2
VCTIC.
FMI 21-U0
LWT
26
AI x1eVR'ONETZ
1.2.3
TACTI.
9CiRCE AM O
Swl'UO
IRTO D-"(190)
LIIT/
DI
1.2.4
tATO D-49(190), TOS
TACTICA LT T,
InfantW~
mechanized
1.2.5
HATO D-49C 199
TACTICAL LUIT
Infantry/
mtor ized
IrregulJar Forove/
1.24.1
TACTIAL UNIT/
1Mneuver Lbhit
UCTA TEST 30
1.25.1
TACTCAL LH1T/
D-49(19ES)
NA___1TO
11sr nhs/
1.56.1
TACTICAL WtT/
"ItIttwv/
into IIipec
1.5.2
J.L
P1M 21-30, TOG
t HATO D-49(980)
also refers to security and
Interrogation
P11 21-38, NATO "(4190)
aTOG
TACTCAL LIT/
"I I taw.
27
1.V7.3
TACTICA.L UWZ/
missile,
rocket annd guided
1.27.
TFCTICAL UIITe
missi I@/
1.27.5
WZ
TACTICI..LIIT
SOURC F RENNGAc
S'iUC
CATEGORAMWNPT4
I (i I
21-30
___FM
_
For related symbols see AD
uit and AD weapon symb~ols.
NATO D-49(1988)
AF
eo
-3 PPX
niissile/
1.27.6
TACTICA.. LIIT'
W E-IR PPI
1.27.?
TACTXCA LW4T/
Miss iIs/
HATO D43(19U)
For related symbols see P-T
1.27.0
Hliss ilt/
1.V.J
TACIA. UNIIT/IO
Hiss ilIt
tactical
TACTICA. LtZT/
tAIL]eapons symbols.
[il]
Mrtr
ireZhto
DI a 1.63
3ETA TEST BED
DI
.213
Size to noted an top of
symbol with size vyv~ols-
I
28
1.29.1
CPS
TACTICA:L LHT
Pbtoe
W
SOLR
S'UOL.
,'~T
c:ITrGRY-c
Rifl1e/
Fi 21-30, HATO D-49(199)
1.3.1
TACTIO:L UIT/
1.31.1
TCTICIIL .IIT/
row~ers/
DI a S.18
TACTICFL LIT/
DZI¥1AS
1.31.2
Mountain/
ETA TEST 1E
"Wers/DI
a 3.83
HL"i
1.32.1
TACTICL. I.IT/
NA:TO D-49(199)
1.33.1
TACTICL. Ll'T/
Ordnane/
FYI 21-3
1.33.2
1.34.1
l-1.34.2
TACTIA.
DI w 1.63
HATO D-49(19W)
IT,'
Ordnance/
DI - 1.63
TATICA UIT/
parachute/
F"I 21-30
I'ACTICFL WIT/
HATO D-49(19M0)
DI -1.18
parchue/
aoAirborne unit sOW*ol
lEW.
S[iETA
29
* *'L~%-*.*
*.*
1.35.1
1.36.1
SOIRCE FM El'V(
SyIUOL
aCTER'iAtCET/
AfTO D-49(1980)
TACTIL UI.T/
oconnaisalncel
FM 21-30,
Inforcement/
LW4T/
Re
TACTIF
)
-91
IT D-49(980)
IMTO
u
TOG, BETA TEST BED,
IASS
holding unit
BETA TEST
FL
W IT/
ShoterT1
1 .3 7 .1
T:CTI
1.W7.2
TACTIO:L LJWT/
Shooters/
artillery
1.7.3
Shootef's/
TCTICOL U4T/
ED
unknown shoters
DIYRFIS
0
DI'S
mlssileA(cket
1.38.1
TACTICAL LJIT/
Signal/
FM 21-30, NATO D-49(1980)
v BETA TESTBED
1.38.2
TACTIAL LiN /
BETA TEST IM
intol igence
See electronic warfare
1.39.1
TACTICR. UICIT/
Special Foc/F
iTO D-49(19M)
1.40.1
LlT
TACTICFL
Vehicle/
light assmlt
TCO
Si gnal/
30
!
'
*
*
*
*%-
2.1.1
frY/MOK/
VIA1ZCW
1.2.1
A rcr af t( A)C
P
VIATIOtV
2.4.1
AV1A
2.4.2
1~'
Fm at jon/
D-49(1 9 80)
ATO
ii 2 -~
X
30. DIMS
Ii Z17~
2.4.3~~F
98
04TIOWtTOD9C
gi t I on/
2.4.4
DI m5.18
D
Ajt~ttAn'
2..4.
-.
CT
WIATIr
-49(51
ES
0
-p19n
I als
fmialbw
DtI
$Waton
kheiOt
13
*
OATIOWVF~
.5.1
this s*iCk1O represents trans-
9"W1Q.
-
port viat~in In HTO V49
Air frce
31
P/
2.5.2
OL
SSM/IE
S
)
AVIATIOrV
SOLRC
IA
S
WTO D-49 19W)
mber/
Air Fore
2.6.1
ArIfATIOW
iIFWS
2.7.1
AVIATIOI
FMl 21-30
Close Air Support/
Done Aircraft/
Air Force
2.8.1
AVUTOIV
Fighter/
Air Force
2.3.2
AVIATIOWV
Fighter/
M 21-30, NATO D-99(19 )
A
F 21-30
Air Force alI
heather
2.0.3
AYVATIOK'
righter/
boer Air Force
2.3.4
AVIATIOW
FI1 21-30
a
F" 21-30
righter/
Air Force tactical
IIght wight strike
2.9.5
=,O
2.8.6
AV1ATIOWV
C3:C-WDs
VR 55
righter/
32
UZ
CA7EQR/C*WGT/
AVIATIOW
2.1.?
Fi ghter/
one"
5CLRCE AN IC1"(
SYMBOL
TOS
Fighter/
A
Air Ta
Track
Interceptor
unpaired
2.9.9
9
PPC
-3
F
AVTIGV
Fixhter/
Inte¢eptor
l
A
rc
raat
paired
2.9.1
AflVATIOW
Fixed Wing Aircraft/
Force
Air
2.9.2
AVIATIOWN
YITO D-49(1 8)
FT21-3 0
wing Aircraft/
Fixed
I joht-Air forc e
2.9.3
AVIATIOI
Fixed Wing Aircraft/
HATO D-49(1IF)
2.9.4
FVIAIOW
MIF:S
Fixed Wing Aircraft/
Air Track
AVIATIOW
Te
*2.9.5
Fixed Wing Aircraft/
C
attack squadron
2.9.6
tAW1TII0V
Fixed Wing Aircraft/
fighter attack
jVI
Tsn
plus three nuuets
TCO
C
33
:I
VA plus 3 nuuer
CAtT/RY'NCsPT/
SOIRCE
SBOL
N
2.9.?
AVIATI- W
Fixed Wing Aircraft/
HO and Iaintenance
TCO
2.9.S
AVIATIGCV
Fixed Wing Aircraft/
observat ion
TCO
2.19.1
AVIATION/
Ground Attack/
aircraft
ETA TEST ED
2.19.2
AVIATIOW
Ground Attack/
aircraft A1l
CDCC-VIIS
AVIATION
Helicopter/
ETA TEST ED
AVIATIOW
ETA TEST BED
2.11.1
2.11.2
Hel icopter/
2.11.3
AVIATION
He I copter/
2.11.4
2.11.5
NTC Test
note ArmW helicopter symbolHATO
symbol represents helos or
helo lz
MIFASS
Air Track
AVIATION/Wl
l*1 i copters
PLRS
AVIATIOW
He I copter'
Air Force
FMI 21-30, NATO D-49(1968)
,TCO
rotary wing
or low
performance aircraft
P 21-31
2.11.6
ffmP1AT-V
Hel icopter/
DI - 4.33
2.1?
AVIATIOW
He I itopter/
W D-49(19U)
tTO
S.6
2.11.8
A/1ATIOWHAOD4190
He1Iiopter/
antitank
2.11.9
AVIATIOWVO
Hit I copter/DIa56
attackIDI*68
2.11.19 AVIATICW
1*1 icopter/
attack
[ :Z
cowrb5t aviation DI
*1.63
CDEC-VIDS
2.11.11 AVIATIONW
He Ictopter/
attack
1
2.11.12 AVIATICW
Hel icopter/
attack1
TCO
TO D-49(1988)
W'
2.11.13 AVIATION'
He IIcoptt/
combat
2.11.14 AVIATIOW
9ETA TWS BED
er~l
as or~ett
TOM
..
7ojIw
He I
35
sighted tnsumj helicopter
CATEaRY/CCPT-'
SuL
9LRE NFt
2.11.15
AVATIOW
H
track enemb
airI icopter'
TADC-0
u
he oItansport-elemI
unknow'
or friend
2.11.16
AVIATIOG
He |iCOpter'
eIlemr
/
TAOC-5
fVIATIOIV
Hel!icopter'
enelm
TACC,
2.11.17
Air Track symbol for hostile,
general, helo/transport
[J
ITADC
Air Track symbol for unknown,
assumed enemy helo
HIFASS
2.11.19 AVIATIOK
He I icopte'
2*.11.19A
Air Terget Smbol
AVIATIOW
Hlicopters/
friend
AF £-3A PPI
2.11.20 AVIATIOW
FRicopters
friend
AF E-3A PPI
2.11.19
2.11.21
Air Track for unpaired
friendl helo
Air Track for paired
friendly halo
AF 4M485 L T
Air Track for unpaired
friendly heo
AVXATIO/
Siope
frie
AF 40L/465 L T
2.11.22 AVIATIOW
2.11.2
fe I icopterd
Air Track for paired
friendly helo
tWVIATIOW
friend ttAir
TACC, ITAOC, TOC-"65
Track for friendly helo,
general. no statement
36
ZVI~**~
AN
TACC, IT:C
2.11.24 AWIATIOtV
HeI!icoptwer'
r nd
1
Air Track for unknown, assumed friendly helo/transport
TOC
2.11.5 AVIATIOI'
He I icopter/
heavy
2.11.2
SUM
r4UOL
CPTEGORY/cOt4WPT
see also transport helo
smb~ol_
Ir
l21-30
AR
AVIATION
HeI icopter/
hea wmj
helo
see
1 transport
s~wd~oalso
CDEC-vIDS
2.11.28 AVIATIOW'
He I icopter/
H/MFS
2.11.29 AVIATIOW
HI l eopter/
pickup
,IFASS
..
2.11.30 AVIATIOV
Heilicopter/
F 21o30
2.11.31 AVIATIOW'
He I icopter/
t nsport
Air royce
2.12.1
MRS
AYIATIOV
High Perfermmnce/
aircraft
37
PU
-.
* ,..
,.
. -. +,,.,....,.
. +.
,-
,,.
,. - .
+,
. ,. ,
.
.
-, +. .....
..
.
.......
_ ...
...
r,.
. .
.
. -
2.13.1
TCO
AVIATIOW
Mlar itl
H
Air Control Group
2.13.2
2.13.3
2.13.5
TC
AVIATION
Ibr ie/
Air Control
AVIATON'
Marine/
Air Support
2.13.4
SOLRCE AND Fea
SflEC
CTEGOR/CUMCEPT/
AVIATIO V
Marine/
Wing Command
__
TCO
CXD
TC
CXD
TC
AVIATIOW
Marino/
Wing NO Squadron
2.13.6
AVIATIOtV
j
Marine/
Wing Support Group
2.14.1
2.15.1
AVIATIOIV
edevac/
MIiFSS
AVIATIOV
TOS
unit size is noted
below syulbol
Plane/
sighted enem plane with
Ccargo
2.16.1
TC
FM 21-30, NATO
AVIATIO/ I-49(19M)
Reconnaisesance/
Air Force
38
d~
characteristics
J*
9
uaconnaisssnce,
light Wight
Z - 30
rm~
A ir Force
rte imi lart yto
1d'a
4
AVIATIOW
2.1.1
Air Force
~
fill21-30
tWTO 1)-491
ort'bowber
AVITIw Trans
2.19.1
9 0)
24 13
in F Mu
01rp~e
ti
n9
fu'213
2.19.2
AvIAT1
Air Force
F
RiIAT1OW'fu2-0
Airfitold/
~~
2.2.2
fr4ATIOW
Airfitold/
.1.1
AV1I~'fl'
®
CTA
tTw
IRE
13.
Lan
M in S
2.212
130 ~
TO D -4 (
PIATICW
Land ing Site/
39
9
2.21.3
SOLRE
SYMBOL
CATEORY/CONCET'
FN 21-30, TCD
AVIATIOW
Landing Site/
he! icopter
2.21.4
AVZATIOIV
Landing Site/
he Iicopter
tTO D-49(1988)
2.22.1
AVIATION
Landing Zone/
he Iicopter
ETA TEST BD
2.2.1
AVIATIOCV
Seaplane Station"
FN 21-30, TCO
3.1.1
COBT SER. SUPPORT/
D igade/
service support
COMBAT SO. S.PPORT/
TCO
3.2.1
Data
'
L Z
ID U
R-ocessing/
TC
SPPORT/
3.3.1
COI1WT SER.
3.4.1
,T ER. SUPORT/
Engineer/
2.5.1
3
COMBT SER. SJPRT/
NATO D-49(1990)
Dental/
service support
,
C
-
TC
[SiG
40
V.
-
T(:0
Headquarters/
and service
3.7.1
3.9.1
AS
TOO
CW1T SER. SUIPQRT/
Landing/
support
COMAT SEP. SUPPORT/
LogisticsLht/
LS
3.9.2
"
-
CO BAT SE. SUPPORT/
Logistics Lbn1V
t:TO D-49(1988)
unspecific or multirole
(
I
E
*
A ESM
SOUR EtV
SYMBCL
CTGORYA1CONCIEPTe
COMBAT SE]R. SUPPORT3/
3.6;.1
,,,
HIATO D-49(1968)
STunspecified
multirole
9.73
for some nations DI 0
3.9.1
COMBAT SER. SUPPORT/
Maintenance/
FI 21-30, WTO D-49(19680)
NETA TEST ID
B
3.9.2
COMBAT ER. SUPPORT/
Phaintenancu/
TS
note s8ubol for maintenance
transportation - 3.9.4
aviation
3.9.3
COMIT SER. SUPPORT/
TOS,
F
Majntenance/
note s8mbol 3.9.5
s ignal
3.9.4
3.9.5
CO
TSE. S.IPORT/
MPintenance/
transportation
I
FI 21-38
)
J
note synwol 3.9.2
COWIT SDR. SUPPORT/
I 21-31
and muif
note sauwol 3.9.3
Phi ntena'ice/
41
'I
DI a 1.63
cATEG;oRY, CmaPT'
3.10.1
TOD
COBA ER. S.FPORT/
rwrine Aphihious/
service support grp.
3.11.1
orx c
90201.
M 2 -0
AO D 4 1 W
FM 2130BET M D(58
w 1.63
CMM1T SMR. 9.FpCR/
redical/DI
3.11.2
COMIAT sER. SLFPORT/
Mrdital/specific
NATO V-49(18)
to Turkey
DI a 1.63
3.12.1
COMAT SER. 9.FPORT/
Alero redical/
TOG
3.13.1
COMAT MR- S.FPMR/
Mtor Transport/
TCO
3.14.1
COPMAT SER. 9POR
Personnel & Admin./P
FM 21-30 TMG
3.15.1
WSAT SER. 9.FPORT/
Petroleum supply/'
TOG
3.16.1
COCIAT SER. 9FPWT
So rt Par t y Te
a m/S
ICO
2.17.1
COIWT SER. ULPORT/
Spp lyl
TCO
L
42
r
5YrD2.
O ''[OILY '
StlM= FM~ RD
rCATEGMCoCHPT/
3.19.1
COI:T SR. SJPPORT/
DEl*.2.
SuppoV
3.1.2
F" 21-30,
9NPO"
COMT
9ipprV5.
.
n
a 0.73
support/DI
TS
.j
3.19.3
CMT So. IPPOT'
support/
3.19.4
Toss, BETA ET
..
I5s
COMBAT S.
BETA TEST ID
combtat servi ce
3.19.5
COMAT SM. S.FPORTI
9jporV
COBT
Support/9C.
i3.19.6
S
I~j
BETA TEST ID
TO
"RT
D • 0o73
corps
I:
T-3iO
3.18.?
CO'MT SR. .FPRT/
3.18.7
corps
Support/
SJ'POVRT
COM T SE. Support/DI
corps
3.19.9
COMT SER. S.FPORT
TOG
3.19.1
CMT SER. Sl.OR/
TOS
v4.73
DI
,F2-3
a 4.79
support/
center
[
43
:%(.
BED
2.20.1
COPMAT SUR. SYRT'
Servical
3.21.1
COMBI
3.21.3
3.21.4
*1class
3.21.5
3.22.1
sippi/
L:DI
/d
COMBAT SO-. &LPCRT/
Supp lv'
V
D
0.2
NTO D-49(1980)
syfltol 3.22.1
63
1.
DI e
rIOS
L~jDI
a 1.63
TOG
I
COMBAT SR- SFPORT/
706
and transportation
EATS
COIT goR. S.FPWR/BEABTI
Tr i m
3.22.2
-Trains/'
MM
flI 21-30
COBAT SCR. 9LP1ORT/
Sff
IV/note
COIDAT 9CR. S3PC
E
FM 21-300 TIOG
-
9CR. SJPORT
SUPPIV/
3.21.2
SOLRC
SYMBOL
CA17EGOR/Ch1VT/e
COIWT SE.
S1L*RT/'
DI a 1.63
note synbc 1 3.21.2
FM 21-39
DI
&2.1~ WmT SR. SLPWr/
Transportat ton/'
*2.13
FM 21-30, HATO D-49(1980)
TOS, BETA TEST KD
S'YMOL
CATGOCRYACICP1
IHTlbrLA..TIOW6
4.1.1
4.1.2
a4.39
Aiurtjolt
DI
IDWT.LIATIOW'
NATO D-49(1980)
a 4.33
Auumjnit
4.1.3
SOLA= AM F1';
FMH 21-30,TO
i~DI
HTO D-49(1980)
NA
ItTFLLATIOIE'
Amunit ion
air defene
4.1.4
NATO D-49(1980)
IWETPLLATIOI
alr defense
missi les
4.1.5
ThA.LATIOt'
Ammun it ion/
rwsured
NTO D-49(19)
4.1.6
ISTA.LATIOtW
IFM 21-30
4.1.?
4.1.3
AuM Ition/
rtll.er
IATO D-49(1999)
D ASTALATIOB'
Ammnit ion/
art I er
Sun
'
ATLIATIO
A D-49(1980)
iTO
'
Amjnition/
art i I ll1
missile
4.1.9
ITO D-49(1999)
VI5TP.ATIO',
obtiltio/
art iI lieu
rocket
45
-:.
*
.'%~.'7
CATEGORYWItot1T/
AND .FdMMG
9~ULSOLRE
4.1.19
TA.LATOW
l un iti /D
aviation
Air Force
P1M'21-30, TOD
a .
DI • 5.79
4.1.11
IDSTU.LATIOIPW
inTO D-49(1980)
Amon ition/
aviation
Air Force
DI - 5.73
I6TPLL.ATIOHS
Ammun it ion/
aviation
FM 21-39
I TqLLATIS/
Aunnition/
aviation a.a73
FATO D-49(190C)
4.1.14
IT.LATIO
1
Aun
it
ion/
conventional
FM 21-30, T1
4.1.15
L.OWX
MALT
FM 21-30, TO
4.1.12
4.1.13
DI a 5.78
D a
rocket and
guided missile
4.1.16
4.1.17
4.1.1
IrNSTI.LATIOG'
Amun it ion/
rn
small r5.78
I
s
OWATXO16'
PMT
tall
uirn
IITR.LATIOI/
imjn it In
FM 21-38, TC
Da
ITO 1>-49(190)
,.
DI - 3.48
, 21-3.
p."
INS,6T.IONS/
Aiamunition/
storage
4.1.19
4.1.20
4.2.1
SOLM AN
SYMBOL
CATEGOR/CONCET/
BETA TEST BED
-
5.23
DI
INSTATI.LTINS/
Amn ition/
TOS
storage
DI
IHST.LATIOW4
Clothing
lass U
'~$~
I1 21-30
FM
INSTL.LATIONS/
Collecting Point/
civilian
FM 21-30, TO
4.3.1
DR
*
5.73
Letters B,E,F,M or T below
s irbol show subclaslfcation
COLL
P1 21-30, TCO
INSTALATIONS/
Collecting Point/
maintenance
4.3.2
COLL
4.3.3
INSTALLATIONS/
Collecting Point/
prisoners of war
FM 21-30, TCO
4.3.4
INSTLLATIONS/
Collecting Point/
salvage
F 21-30, TCO
4.3.5
I LLATIONS/
Collecting Point/
stragglers
P 21-39, TCO
4.4.1
IHETLLATIONS/
Construct ion/
FM 21-30
47
"del le
. . . ; -
.
.
.
.
% ., . ,,
.
. : .
,, .. , . -
..
.
.
.
. --
. -
.
.
7,.
,
- .- .
. . - . . ., - .
. .- .
.
ICATERy/c
SynBOL
EPT/
SOLRE F
4.4.2
IISTPLLATICI46/
Construct ion/
bridging
TO D-49(199)
HAN-::
4.4.3
INSTALRTZO6/
Construct ion/
bridging
DETA TEST ED
B
4.4.4
INSTLL.ATIOIS/
HATO D-49(1980)
Construct ion/
I
engineers
HATO D-49(1980)
4.5.1
IHSTPL.LATII1/
ntamlnat n/io
oDec
4.6.1
INET~uATIOW'\
Electronic/
air defense radar
-
see also COMlI1CATIOMS
sambo ls
4.6.2
INSTIALLATIOIS/
Electron ic/
artiIler
locating
HATO D-49(199E)
4.6.3
IHSTLLATION/
Electronic/
emitting
NATO D-49(1980)
4.6.4
I6 .. TIOS/
Electronic/
electronic
warfare
HATO D-49(1980)
4.6.5
]ITLL.TZOI/
Electronic/
ground sensor
surw iIlance
HATO D-49(1980)
48
m
tGTO D-49C19)
~
CArcEoM/cOtEr/
4.6.6
SYMBOL
SOK A
EM0
NATO D-49(198)
INSTALLATIOS/
Electronlic/
intercept irgM
,TO D-49(10)
IZSA..ATIOIM/
Electronic/
Jwrulng
4.ami8 T AXO
4.6.7
ITO
W D-49(19Me)
Electronic/
signal
comumJnicat ion
4.6.9
&
INSTq.LAT1C 6
Electronic/
target designator
NTO D-49(1980)
4.6.18
IH6TMLATIOt4S/
Electronic/
unknovn
? TO D-49(1980)
4.7.1
INSTA.LA.TIONS/
rood/
t'TO
W D-49(1988)
4.8.1
INSTA
Fuel/
see also 4.20.1
NATO D-49(19)
DI - S.23
ATIOC'
ETA TEST
4.6.3
Fuel/
DI - 5.23
DWTU.ATIOt5
Fuel/
TOS
DI " 5.73
49
ED
CATEGRY/CONET/
4.8.4
4.9.5
4.8.6
4.9.7
4.9.8
s'nhwO,.
F 21-30, TCO
INSTALLATIONtS/
Fuel/
aviation
Air Force
ID"rLLATIONS/
Fuel/
aviation
Air Force
SOLiC AN FEMs
DI - 6.68
r
ITO D-49(19)
DI - 6.63
P1 21-30
INSALELATIONS/
Fuel/
aviation
Air Force
inconsistent with 4.1.12
DI - 5.33
ZIETALATIO6'
Fuel/
aviation
IATO D-49(1%)
INSTALLATIO/
F1 21-30, TCO
DI w 6.63
Fuel /
ground
4.9.9
ISTALLATIO'S
Fuel/
solid
FM 21-30
4.9.1
I6"TA.LATIOIE/
Maintenance/
IATO D-49(1980)
4.10.1
INSTALLATION'/
Major End Item/
FM 21-30
4.11.1
INSRTALATIONS/
NATO D-49(1980)
Medical/
DI • 5.23
50
*,
]
C:TEGoRy,c
4.11.2
rT/
OS
INSTALLATIOMS'
Medical/
DI a 4.33
4.11.3
INSTALLATIONI6
Medical SuppIW/
Fm 21-30, TCO
DI a4.38
4.11.4
IHI"TRLLTIO6/
Medical Supplj/
4.12.1
INSTALJ.TOt6/
TO
FM 21-38, TOS, TCO
DI - 4.33
INSTALLATIONS/
NATO D-49(190)
Hospital/
or aid station
DI a 4.33
INSTALLATIONS/
Mines/
explosives
4.14.1
ImSTATLATIOS/
Missile Supplu/
IWTO D-49 (1980)
TCO, BETA "E-ST BD
21-30, TOO)
IHS'TAU, ATION5l*
I
F
mllt-Cla$/
classesskfmbo
available
placed
I
lbelow
wlyI
'
•
or aid station
4.13.1
~4.15.1
5.'3
DI
Hospital/
4.12.2
VRG
AV
O
SYSOLL
4.15.2
IHT.LATIOMe,
0
TOS
Slt i-Clas/
supplwD
51
,,,r7,-
% U
S %
p
%
S
*
*
CArEGRY/CONPT/
SOLPM ANFDr f
SYMBOCL
4.15.3
I6TAI'LATIOHS/
I it i.Class/
aviation supplU
TIOS
4.16.1
INST4.LATICHS/
Imultirole/
HATO D-9(19)
also represents
unspecifled role
4.17.1
IMTL.ATIN6/
tuc lear Storage/
iTO D-49(18)
4.19.1
It
LTILATIOH/
Ordrance/
1OS
DI • 5.73
4.18.2
INSTLLATIOS,'/
Ordnance/(
AilTO D-49(1980)
DI •6.18
4.19.1
IM6TAILATIOWPersonal Demand/
items
FMI21-30
4.2.1
INST .ATIOS/
Repair Parts/
FI 21-30
4.21.1
ITLATIOS6-
M21-30
Subs istence/
4.22.1
subclssification shou with
letters R, S, C below s*mbol
WTO D)-49(1980)
VVALTtNJIOPWS
Supp IV"
r*,**~.
q
, l
*.-,~.--
52
..-
-
-
*
*-.-
-i
-.
CTEGORY0OHPT/
N
Fti ~a
goLR
5"IL
Traffic Control/
4.gj2
imsTALLATIOPWNAOD-9190
4.24.1
IJNTqLATIOr6/
Unknouna Loistic/
installation
WTO D-49119W)
4251
ImSTALLATIOW6
Water/
NTO D-49(1980)
Commriru cat ion/
5.Z.1
TCO
t'ESL'
W* Icopter/
Miile/
5.3.2
DII
MELE/
Mlissile/
or rocket
Radar/
53
T-w~"
W.'
I-
-. 4
I
JM
SOLPCE
CATEGORY/CMtCCPT/
5.4.2
TCDO, BETA TEST 16
W'EG-E/
Rader/(
/
Radio/
5.6.1
WASIV
TCOD, BETA T.ST 3D
5.6.2
lC SE/
DI
T
E
Shooter/
5.7.1
TCO, BETA TEST BM, DIVAS
MCALE/
Vehicle/
tracked
5.7.2
5.7.3
Wax
BTA TEST BE
MEA-L/
TCD
Vehicle/
bheeled
Vehiele/
%heeled
Actions
tAceat force
teacingocnuever
6.1.2
4
merals indicate count of
battal ion
HAqTO D-.49 (1980)
ACTIVM/
Action/
delaing, eneu
"'
54
6.1.3
SCP.P AN
SYMBOL
CTEGORY/CMCrEPT/
HTO D-49(19)
ACTIVITY/
Art ion/
-
-i
delaying friend
ATIVITY/
Act ion/
direction enemWno-tai
WITO D-49(19U
6.1.5
ACTIVITY/
Act ion/
MATO D-49
6.1.6
6.1.7
L......4/
4numerals
E * III
indicate count of
mmnuever battalion
TCO, FM 21-30
ACTIVITY/
Art ion/
ACTIVITY/
Act ion'
firef ights
non-static
DI"
ACTIVITY/
Act ion/
blocked
'J
amb~ush
6.1.9
of arrow at map-
~Point
location.
TCOD FM 21-30
E
-
-
po int of arrow at map
location
ACTVTY/
Art ion/
harrassing fire
TCO, FM 21-30
6.2.1
ACTIVITY/
Widging/
TIOG
6.3.1
ACTIVITY/
Ferying/
T0G
6.1.9
*
non-static
6.1.4
direction friend
DA
point of last arrow at map
'location
%
55
c~T~oy~cI~' SflOLSOLRCE AMRV
6.4.1
6.4.2
TCO, I 21-30
ACTIVITY/
1tbveant/
soild arrow-unit position
broken arrow-possible mmt.
ACTIVITY/
evement/
O
F
non-static
air force friendly
6.4.3
ACTIVITY/
Ivement/
army air friendly
6.4.4
ACTIVI'Y/
ACTIVITY/
t:TO D-49(1980)
non-static
iTO D-49(1980)
air, ment
6.4.5
nTO D-49(19)
-Y
LirJ
Sjwol in center of arrow
line indicates unit type.
HATO D-49 (19)
Ploveent/non-static
round
6.4.6
6.5.1
6.5.2
ACTIVITY/
inTO D-49(19M)
Ploement/
reconnaissance
non-static
A:CTIVITY/
Format ion/
artillery
ACTIVITY/
rormation/
IWTO D-49(1980)
r--
::TO D-49(1998),
(04^E 4
defense enen
6.5.3
static
static
IWTO -49(1980)
ACTIVITY/
rormat ion/
defense fr iend
static
56
- .-
.Oru-.
FOO
NOLR
SWIMO
CATEGRY'cCMCET/
DI"
ACTIVITY/
F'ormat ion/
6.5.4
.
reserve stat lonhry
6.5.5
ACTIVITY/
DIVIS
Formt ion/
blocking1
numeral indicates amount
Li
DustroForce
TCO, FM 21-30
ACTIVITY/
Destroyed/
6.6.1
of force
super imposed over referred
symbol
6.7.1
ACTIVITY/
TCO, FM 21-30
Phoney' /
norma ly placed over
ref erred sWmbo I
TCO, FM 21-30
mouthp iece of megaphone
ATIVITY/
Propoganda'
6.9.1
at map location
6.9.1
6.10.1
ACTIVITY/
Reconnaissance/
area
HATO D-49(198)
ACTIVITY/'r--I
TOS
static
Respons ib tIity/
arc of
6.11.1
ACTIVITY/
Snorke Iing/
TOS
7.1.1
C01rJICIlOW'b
WTO 1)-49(19W)
[pit/
Emitting
57
V.-
--
--
,
..
,
~ ~t~ b
.dS
*
~.'.
CGORYAQN1EPT/
7.1.2
SOLR.cr AND
RG
DIVr'S
CrIlt4ICATIOrv
Exit/
Emitters
7.1.3
COl'LJ4CATIOIV
Exit/
emitter - radar
DI
7.Z. 1
Co"ICATIOW,
Message Cnter/
FM 21-38
?,3.1
COMMUNICATIOI
Signal/
CPS
7.3.2
COIMMJICATIOIV
Signal/
center
signal area
7.3.3
IVS
see also Radar
xx
r 21-30
sg. ttr. not at CP post or
HO (unit code inside circle)
COMMMICATIOlV
Signal/
center
FI ZI-30
7.3.4
COMMlHCATIO/
Signal/
comun icat ion
NATO D-49(196M)
7.4.1
COMMWICATIOV
Camw Site/
ETA TEST 80
7.5.1
COMJ ICATIO1s
see also INSTALLATIONS,
Electronic (4.6)
"TO
58
D-49(1W)
CATEGORY/ccrN4PT/
7.5.2
SCi.RCE AMFVa
SYMBOL
TCO, FM 21-30
CE1'JICATIOtV
comiunicat ion
7.5:3
7.5.4
"
COMLJ41CATXIW
TCO
CtllUHICATICIV
TCO, BETA TEST 3D
Jaming
radar
surface
7.6.1
BETA TEST BED
CCE"JICATICOV
Radar/
antenna
7.6.2
BETA TEST BED, DIVR:S
CY'"ICATIOV
Radar/
letters placed below symol
indicite type ie AD, GCI
7.6.3
WTO D-49(180
OMMUNICATIOW
Radar/
7.6.4
CPS
Wflh1ICTIOW
Radar/
7.6.5
..6
%-.
CP
CWt"tICATIOW
Radar/
fan
COM Z"ICATI
Radar/
TcO
intercept wW
W stat ion
59
d
,
- ,:..
,
-
,. ?.,.-.
,.
..
- .€ .o...-...
. ..
, .
7.6.7
COMW ICATIOW
Radar/
site - enemy
7.6.9
COMItCRTIOIVAF
EM
M 21-30
TcO,
1JHIICViO
Radtr ,
station
7.6.-
SOLRCE "
SYi90L
.ATEGRY/C~ftI~r/
letters placed below sutnmol
indicate tupe
Ai E-3: PPI
E-3A PPI
Radar,
site - friendly
7.6.11
WTO D 9(180)
CATIW
CO,
Radar /
air defense
7.6.12
CiW'ICTIOt/
7.6.13
lery
i I ing
art
locat
COVMICICTIOW
Radar /
ITO D-49(19t)
.
HFiTO D-49(1980)
Radar/
electronic warfare
7.6.14
FR 55-2
IIMMICATICIV
Radar/
electronic wafae
below SAM ft.
7.6.15
iR
COIWCLIc7Ci
Radar/
electronic warfare
aboie 5,M ft.
7.6.16
:
WR
ft
CMUMATlOW
CM below
60
55-2
CATEGRY/CICT/
7.6.17
7.6.118
SOLRCE FMFN
S*PUO
55.25
COt13C1ATICOlVR
GCS above
NATO D-49 (1980)
CO1MICIAITIOtV
Radar/
Intercept
7.6.19
7.6.2
COMMLNICATIOV
Radar/
ground sensor
sure i I lance
NATO D-49(1980)
IqtiCTIOV
4
Radar/
sensor
TCO
omndale0
7.6.21
Teo
CC 'tJtICTIOIV
Radar/
sensor monitor
station
7.6.22
TCO
C'"ICATIOIV
Radar /
sensor man itor
receiving on1W
7.6.23
7.6.24
COl'tICTITOW
Radar/
sensor monitor with
mtst antenna
TCO
CO"WqtICTIWtV
Radar/
TcO
extended range receiving
controlling capabilities
sensor relIaV
stat ion
7.6.25
TCO
CM1ICATIOC
Radar/
sensor oWsteum
(sector of scan)
61
a
9.9.1
9.9.2
OBTALES
M FORT/
OBSTACLES M FORT/
Toxic Agent/
OO
DIVRAS
reen
FORT/
OBSTA LS
Vegetat Ion/
swanp or marsh
vegetationl/
9.10.1
SOK-A
SnIact..
CArEMPcMtEPT/
t
DIRS
4 >
HD
HD
Fi 21
type shon on outside of
symbol
9.11.1
A
OBSTA
Trenches/
dug-out
FORT/
Fis 21-30
9.11.2
OSTAC .ES A
Trenches/
FORT/
F z-30
9.11.3
OBTIACLE5 ;M FORT/
Trenches'
fort ifIed rea
FI 21-30
9.11.4
OBSTACLES 90 FORT/
Trenches/
felons,
foxhole,
imp I cemnt
TCOI
fort if ied
9.11.5
OBTACLES P FORT/
Trenches/
p I I lbox or casement
9.11.6
OBSTALES FM FORT/
Trenches/
surface strong
point
F7
TCO
FIM 21-30
1]
FIM 21-30
w
be €ontined pith unit
size sto1
4
62
SORC AM~ WVMG
SfllDO
CTEGOR/CONCEPT/
9.11.7
OBTCE AND FORT/
9.11.8
OBSTACIES A
FM 21-30
Trenches/
she) ter surface
(above ground)
FM 21-30
FORT/
Trenches/
shelter underground
9.11.9
OSTP7LES AN FORT/
Trenches/
anu trench austem
FM 21-30
9.11.18
OBSTA.LES A FORT/
Trenches/
trench with firin9
bagjs
FM 21-30
9.11.11
OBSTACLS AN FORT'
Trenches/
weapon slit, foxhole
or emplacement
FM 21-30
O
end nuwbers
Other sole
maW be added.
F7
DR
D
OSTACES AND FOR
Zone'
9.12.1
air attack
OBST
Zone/. .LES A
9.12.2
artiI ler
1.1.1
19.1I.2
DIVRAS
FORT'
fire
V"IIOE,.I'
Amphibious/
arwured
FM 21-30
VE.ICL.ESV
TCO
bodW %ipe
Amphibious/
light assault
wheeled
Q
63
*
?
' *
.**1
~
.'
'
.n
w~~W
S
--
nfl
S.FWfl
pe
VD4ICL/
Amphibious/
cargo
FI 21-30
1.2.1
VD CLS "
P 21-30
mans of mobility
18.3.1
VE4ICLS/
Armoured/
assault sun
Slight
10.1.3
1.3.2
10.3.3
IR
SC4RCE ANFEYMS
SYMOL
PT/
CATEGORYCO
M
W
lft.,a
rS
body type
A A
Animal/
21-30, TCD
-
FM 21-30, lCD
VEHICLE/
Armoured/
assault Sun medium
VEI0.£5/
IM 21-313, TCO
Armoured/
assault Sun heavy
10.3.4
VEHIOM/
ArmouredJ/
personne I carrier
NATO D-4919W)
10.3.5
VHIOM.S/
Ar moured/
personne I carr ter
Iight
VEHIQCS/
Procured/
TCD
10.3.6
FM 21-30
TCOD, FM 21-30
personnel carrier
medium
16.3.7
TCO, FPi 21-30
VEHICLS
personnel carrier
he"v
64
v* e w
.
~
•
h~e
',e
et
-.
4st
'e'q~ee,'
•
*4
'.*
"
,
o
.*
.
*
*"
* .
*
*
.,
,..
CATEGORY/CNCEPT/
10.3.8
19.3.9
S0JRCE ANO
SVIMO
FM 21-30, TCO
VEHICES/
Pimoured/
reconnaissance
vehicle, light
FM 21-30, TCO
.I1ES/
Arnmoured/
reconnaissance
vehicle, medium
10.3.10
VEHICLS/
rmoured/
reconnaissance
vehicle, heavy
FM 21-0, TCO
19.4.1
VEHICLM./
Boat/
or barge
TCO, FM 21-30
1.5.1
V4HICL/
C-Cbe/
BETA TEST BE
10.6.1
VDICO.S/
cargo/
TCO
means of eobility
%eeled vehicle
ycHi%
Engine/
Iocomot ive
FM 21-30
I/
10.8.1
VEH~ICLES/:
TCO
19.9.1
VICL./
NATO D-49(1980)
19.7.1
body types
Ibvertraft/
65
M
VAGS
F'O
6cO.RM
CDEC-VIDS
SYMBOL
CATEGcERY/COICt1T/
I 1ES/
10.1
10.
ICV/
arMal
threat vehicle
Thin
18.11.1
ATCO
VEHIIC../
Landing Vehlcle/
TC
TCO
6.11.12 v4,VI.m,/
Landing Vehlcle/
TE
10.11.13 VEICLES/
A
TCO
A
TCO
Landing Vehlcle/
TP
10.11.14 V .4I./
Landing Vehicle/
10.12.1
NATO D-49(1980)
VD41CL.ES/
MICY/
V
CEC-VIDS
18.13.1 VE%4HIa /
Mlar ine/
E&
surrogate, LCV
10.14.1
f
ava
ama
FM 21-30
VEH4IC.S/
Opertional,
Oprated
(
body types (see also 12.23.2
and 12.26.1)
l9.14.2 ME}410..ES
'/Zl
Opeational/
un
+
._
. a!
'
:.
. ;'j
;'%
''\,' .
:+,'.
"%'.--
.:+
L.J
eed
.
,
%
a+-.+-.
k
body tpes
'
. '-
_
+
.+.+
,+,
.
""'",-.66.,.''..
'+' ".,.;.,''+ ",.,'''','.",',.,.".,,-+'+. ".'.
.'a.
, ,
.
,,.T . v:
-++,+'
ri*. r,'
._
',,',-,
,-
CATE;C,'0co"4T/
S0LR'X
S"IL
:
I 21-38
10.15.1 VEHICLES,'
means of mobilit
FM 21-30
19.16.1 VICL/
Personnel/
and/or cargo
carry ing
126
F 21-30
means of mobility
19.17.1 VEHLES
Ri0C
BErTA TEST BED
19.19.1 VE4ICLES/
Reconnaissance/
body types see also 18.2S.2
A
V
19.18.2 VEICES'
Reconnaissance/
threat BtDM
CEC-VIDS
19.18.3 VE.ICLI'
Reconnaissance/
NATO D-49(19M)
Sledge/sled'
to""r
C....
man bf mobility
HATO D-49(1980)
11.1.1 VEH1.IMES
SS/bmuv me
67
19.22.1
SOREAt
SYMfl'gL
CA~TGORYVOMMPT/
O
CI C-VIDS
VEIMM'3
Tank/
WI-I:
vc
10.22.2 VEHIOESo'
Tank/
NATO D-49(110), I" 21-38
, TCO, BTA TEST BD
L
I ight
10.22.3
NATO D-49(19S0), I1 21-30
, TCO, BETA EST BED
VEHICLES"
Tank/
medium
19.22.4 VDIICLES/
Tank/
heasii
19.23.1
HATO D-49(1980), FI 21-30
, TCO, BETA TEST BE
L
V4ICU.ES
FIM 21-3
Tracked/
sel f-propelled
means of mobility
FM 21-30
119.23.2 V4ICLES/
Tracked/
or half-tracked
19.24.1
mans of mbilit!
BETA TEST BED
VVCIWES/
Train/
rI 21-38
19.25.1 VEHICLES/
19.2.2
means of mbility
/0
FM 21-30
VHICLS/
Uee led/
cross countrv
means of mobilttW
68
-.
r*
*j
.~*
*.~*,.
b
*.p~
*
.4,
SYMBOL
OATEGORY/C0NCT10.25.3 VEHICLES/
Iee led/
self-propelled
18.26.1
10.26.2
-0
%D41CLES/
Inspecif ied/
armoured
HATO D-49(19M)
V LO.ES/
LUhspec ified/
unprotected
HATO D-49(1980)
ssee also 19.23.2
see also 10.16.1
i
Vehicles/ti
11.1.2
11.1.3
iASS
IAPOV
Iii
target symbol
E'TA TEST BE3D, TOS
WElPOlr
ilIlery/
Art
light or unknown
BETA TEST BD
PLRS
10. 7.2 VEHIOES/
Surf ace/
Artillery/
RDMAGS
means of mobility
0
19.Z7.1 VEHII.S
11.1.1
SOLUKE AN
FM 21-30
I I
BTA TEST BED, TOS
bCAPOV
Art l lery/
edium+
11.1.4
BETA TEST D , TOE
Ol
WmE1
irt iI lerd/
69
i
11.1.5
11.1.6
SCW..RCE FM' FVVF4S
SYMBOL
CTEGRY/CONET/'
WErW
frtI1 erw/
MIASS
D/S
lireedlate request
I, PO
WAFSS
Arti11er/
VS
immediate request
11.1.?
WCPOW
BETA TEST BD
11.1.9
iW E POW
BETA TEST
D
]erw/
rti 1
11.1.9
WE__
Anl1 lerll
BETA TEST BD
11.1.113
IAP,
Ar 5"-25
Art iI1 erw/
air defense
11.1.11
11.1.12
WE POI
L, I or H may be placed below
to specif W It, wed or hviAA.
WA:S
Pr i1 lerw/
air defense
target *Wmol
ToS
ELW
Pet iIlerw/
air defense
see also Gun
ETA TEST I3
11.1.13 ICt-
air defense/
light or unknown
70
"I"
*1
'S'.
'
,',
i,
' i
h
.t,,...""
,
. "..
"
.v" .'
'.
"
: ".,.
,
CATEGORY/CMW7/T
SYIUCL
SOLRCE AN
11.1.14
.ImPE]O
tI1lerV1/
air .defense/medium.
ETA TEST ED
11.1.15
lCAoV
At I Iery/
air defense/heajy
BETA TEST BED
BETA TEST
11.1.16 WWA tie1lerv /
11.1.17
11.1.19
AW
Arti I lerw/
WCAOW
Ml Thrower/
portable
11.2.2
I4EW
Ilwe 'Thrower/
whicle mounted
11.3.1
lmCPV
Gun/
ED
1
AI'ETA
t
TEST ED
TEST BD
"ETA
EP_
11.2.1
DA
rP1
f'1
21-30, HATO D-49(198)
TCO
21-30, NATO D-49(19W )
TO
FM1 21-30, ATO D-49(19W)
TCO, TOS
howit Zer, light
11.3.2
21-30,
FMTCO,
TOSNATO D-49(19M)
5E*W
Gun,/.I
howitzers medium
71
"." ~~~~~~-',:-
,-'
, ".'
:.;,::,
'I,-,.-."-',"-:-,i
C$ATEGORY/CNMPT/
11.3.4
11.3.5
ScE.RCE " FIM
FM 21-30, NATO D-1980
bCFP*r
hobwitzer,
11.3.5
SYMIBOL
ev
ICPPMV
FM 21-0, T06, TCO
WEA0rv
FM 21-30, 106, TCO
Howi tzer/
Howtzer/
heavy
j
Gun/
SPI ight
11.3.8
HI
ImE*Qt
SP/medium
11.3.9
TCO
iWPIV
Gun/
SP/heavy
106, TCO
11.3.183 WE.FPOW
Hobwitzer/
11.311
10,
IF~0T
medium0
72
TCO
CATEGORY/'
SOLRM A
SYMOL
ET/
TOS, TCO
t
11.3.12 WEAPOW
Howitzer/
SMB8vv-203fn
heajg
0
11.3.13
iAOv
FM 21-30, NATO D-49(19)
Cum/
air defense/l ight
*TCO
FI 21-30,
11.3.14 WEAPOQ
IATO D-49(19)
, TCO
Gun/
air defense/medium
I121-30, TCO
11.3.15 WL*Or
Gun/
air defense/heavl
11.3.16
TOS
ILWW
Gun/
air defense
arti Ilerw/low
TOS
11.3.17 tE.EPOW4
GUn/
air defense
artil lery/md,
TOS
11.3.18 WEAPOW
Gun/
air defense
artillerW/hish
IM21-30, TCO
11.3.19 WECPOW
air defense/
machine, light
11.3.0
RI 21' 0, TCO
A
air defense/
machine, medium
73
C~ATEGORY/CONCEPT/
11.3.21
SOLRCE FrO EPO
5l9
FM 21-30, TCO
WEF.PWW
Gun/
air defense/
machine, heavy
12.3.22 WEPO
Gun/
air
SP
TCO
defense/
ight
0
TCO
11.3.23 b:POWV
Gun/
air defense/
SP, medium
TCO
11.3.24 WEAPOV
Gun/
air defense/
SP, heavy
11.3.25 WFEPOW
CDEC-VIDS
Gun/
air defense/
Soviet-ZSUJ
armal test
CIEC-VIDS
11.3.26 WIWW
Gun/
11.3.27
air defense'
Soviet-ZSU-234
armval test
WEPOt
Gun/
air defense/
Soviet-ZSLI
CDC-VDS
a-mN'a
11.3 . 28 WlF.IP
O /
'TOS
air defense/
234-Aaolcan
11.3 .29 &c
Tos
w w
air defense/
thaparrel-' lCafl
74
test
CATEMOYCIEtT/
11.33
SOuRCE "
SYMBO~L
EM
TOS
WEPOW
ant i-tank/1i 9 ht
11.3 .31
NATRIO D-,49(19ee),
WEAPOW
TCO
ant --tank/l ight
TO D-49(1980), TCO
11.3.32 WEACPOF
Gun/
ant i-tank/ed iur
11.3.33
HATO D-49(190), TCO
WECPOW
Gun/
ant I-tankhea' W
P 21-30, tIATO D-49(198)
11.3.34 WEPOW
ant i-tank role/
11.3.35
1ight
WEePOW
FM 21-30, HATlO D-4911910)
Gun/,
anti-tank role/
meditu
,
BETA TEST B
F1 21-10, ITO D-49(198)
11.3.36 WWW
role/
anti-tank
GO nkVoe
BETA TEST ED
he"j
BETA TEST 3D
11.3.37 WCAPOW
ant i -tank,0 SP/
Iight or unknowni
11.3.38
BETA TEST BE
WPVI"
anti-tank, SP/
medium
75
LW.X
CATEOFY/COMCET/
11. 3.39 I.WEPOt
Gun/
anti--tank, heavy
11.4.1
11.4.3
11.4.4
KT
TEST
E
4
flI 21-30, TCO, MIFW S
W-AIV
Missile/
ni
light
11.4.2
R[I
SciLRE
SflIBO
see also Rocket
W.qCOtV
Missile/
medium
FM 21-30, TCO
WEFPOV
Miss ile/
FM 21-30, TCO
see also Iocket
see also Rocket
hea~j
Missile/
air defense
WEACOIV
light--
FM 21-30
Miss iles
airt defense
medium
11.4.6
11.4.7
WIEMCV
Hmissiles/
air defense
heavy
WMPWIWTO
/M
21-30
D-4d9(1980)
missile/
surface to air
light
11.4.9
D-49(1980)
WE POW:WTO
milsi le/'
smrfce to ir
medium
76
CATEGORY'COtET/
11.4.9
SaLR;KT-C
SYIIBL
NATO D-49(19M)
W
bAOI
Miss ile/
surface to air
TCO
11.4.10 WEP
isle'/
Olp
surface to air
11.4.11
Iight
WEAPOWV
TOO)
Mlissle/
surface to air
medium
11.4.12 WE =WW
TO
Missile/
surface to air
heavy
(
11.4.13 WEFWQtV
Missile/
surface to air, SP
light
TCO
TCO
11.4.14 WEW v
Missile/
surface to air
TCO
11.4.15 W-APOl
Missile/
surface to air
11.4.16 bCF*t
-
MIssile/
surface to air/
enemy
~CDCC-VIDS
KTC test
CDEC-VYIDS
11.4.17 WEWW
Mliss Ils
surface to air/
fri endly
N'c tet
77
SOLRM gmO M 0R
SYMBOL
CATEMc/vCCET/
BETA TEST B
11.4.18 WJFeI
Mi ss lid/,
sursace to it
numerals placed beneath show
size.N numerals mean unk.
unknown
11.4.19
P1M 21-30, TOS
.EAPOt
Miss i t/
surface to air
1i9ht
r-M 21-30, TOS
11.4.M W;CW
Missil e/
surface to air
medium
11.4.21
F', 21-30, TOS
WE4P1
42
Missile/
surface to air
heavy
11.4.2
T05
W-APW
Missile/
surface to air
chaparral
11.4.M
0
TOS
11.4.24 WI.AP
Missile/
surface to air
11.4.25
55-25
(AF0R
FAPt
Miss iIe/
surface to alr/
chaparral- ica
ni
A E-C
IP
Missile/
surface to air
enewt
11.4.2r WEP
AF E-3
PII
PP I
Miss iIe/
surface to air
friendly
78
;:.:
: .<.:
S:
.:::
:;:: 'S *9::*
\
:;::: ,
.
,
CA~TGCM /CQ4T/
(
BTA TT ED, TOS
21-30,
1M HTO
D-49(19"X
Missile/,
surface to surface
light or unknown
1.4.Z
1142
4
SlJLSCX.RCE
TA TEST BED, TOS
21-30,
D10l-4,9(1980)
, WT
WEllPOW
.surface tO surface
medium
11&4.29
IC
FM 21-30, IETA ST I,
D-49(19W)
HA
t4,TO
V
Missle4
surface to surface
heayl
*
11.4.30
11.4.31
I.APW
Missi le/
surface to surface
'wheeled, light
TCO
1
TCO
WEAPOV
missile/
surface
surface
led, tomedlium0
.%hee
TOO
11.4.32 WEA.-V
Missi1le/
surface to surface
WrEqlPOW heavy0
11.4.33 beeled,
Missile/
surl ace to surface
-
TCO
0 0 0
TCO
' 11.4.34 Missile/
1EFAP!
surf'ce to surface
4p
0 0 0
TO
11.4.35 Wc-Mr
i
..
.Miss le/
slurface to surface
0
O0
79
TOS
SOJRE
9YM
CATEGORY/CONCEPT/
IWTO D-49 (1980 )
WAPO
11.4.36
Mlss le/
ant i-tank/In
11.4.37
TtS
aEnPMissile/
wti-tank
I ight
FM 21-30, TCO
11.4.38 WPO*V
Miss ile/
anti-tank
wight
11.4.39 W-*
F1 21-30, TCO
V
Missile/
ant i-tnk
mredium
11.4.40
WI:Ol
Miss ile/
wnt -tanmk
heavy(
F" 21-30, TCO
11.4.41
t.APOV
Missi le/
ant i-t&nk
SP/9d
BETA TEST BED
11.4.42
IEFO
O
TcO
nj0
Missile/
ant i-tank
SP, light
TCO
11.4.43 WEAPOI
ant i-tank
SP,
wdium
0
Mliii| le/
11.4.44
TCO
WWW0'
Misile/
ant I -tak
,heavy
0
80
, .,
.,.
, .
.
.
;.%,v
+ €. -
.
. -I':..
. ';.:
.v:°:
.
.
.?
CATEGORY/CO
11.4.45 WmWm
Ni38.1
,'T
SCP M
S'n/..
CDEC-VIDS
It/
NTC
CDEC-V]IS
11.4.46 WEROW
Missile/
tow, FC mounted
11.4.47 I
Miss '~mmmC~DEC-VIDS
ile/
test
KTC test
M-
tow, ground
h I fi
hellfire test
CDEC-VIDS
ar vl t s
11.4.48 WEAPW
Missile/
U.S. Dragonlams!ts
11.5.1
BETA TEST ED
WEAPW
Mobrtar/
11.5.2
TOE
IF.POWV
Pbrtar/
undifferenlt iated
11.5.3
brtir/
11.5.4
11.5.5
WAFSS
WEAPOW
0
WlrASS
IE.CP
Pbrtar/
V
l
Pbrtar/
immediate request
target
I" 21-30, NTO D -49(118)
* TCO
8ight
81
CATEGOCRV/CHt~T
SYMBWOL
SOLRC AN
EM
11.5.6
WE4POW
, br tar,
medium
IM 21-30, NATO D-49(198)
TCO•
11.5.7
W QtV
FM 21-39, NTO D-49110)
11.6.1
I.EPPOt
TCO, MIFFSS
Naval
.!
11.6.2
11.6.3
Gunfire/
(DSS)
WEPPOW
Naval Gunfire/
i
TCO, MIFS
TCO, MIFIS
WEWCV
Naval Gunf ire/
unassilned ship
11.7.1
~i'I
FM 21-30, TCO
WAPO/
RiflIt/
recoilless, light
11.7.2
ICq3O
Rifle/
recollless, edlum
11.7.3
IUPOIV
F'M 21-30, TCO
21-30, TCO
Rif4le/
recoilless, heavy
11.9.1
TOS
WEPO
Rocket/
undifferentiated
82
CATEGORY/CCEPT/
121EAPOV
11.8.2
.
Rocket/
Iight
11.9.3
11.9.4
11.8.5
SOLRCE "
SYMBOL
.EPPO/
Rocket/
medium
EAK
F 21-30, NATO D-49(198)
TC)
I 21-30, NATO D-49(1e)
TCO
,
WEWW
Rocket/
heavT
FI 21-30, HATO D-49(198)
, TCO
IaEC:OW
CEC-VIDS
Rocket/
uanheld, laser
NTC test
guided
11.8.6
11.8.7
WEAPOW
Rocket/
light
FM 21-30, I:SS
WEAPOW
RI 21-3,
eIe &)so Missile and 6.8.2.
MIFSS
Rocket/
11.9.8
11.9.1
medium
See also Missile and 6.9.3
WE W
Rocket/
he"j.
FI 21-30,
WEFPOV
Rocket Launcher/
TCO
See also Missile and 6.8.4.
SP/light, tracked
11.9.2
EPPW
Rocket Launcher/
,
SP/medium, tracked
83
s
.
SIFS
TCO
*
soiiE P ,IV4G
SYM'BOL
CATEGORYCOMCEPT/
C
?CO
11.9.3
IWEAPOV
Rocket Launcher/
SPheavi, tracked
11.9.4
IEAPOV
Rocket Launcher/
SP/I ght, wheeled
&
TCO
11.9.5
W.WW
Rocket Launcher/
SP/ned lum, he led
&
TCO
11.9.6
o0o
TCO
WC.POW/&
Rocket Launcher/
SPeav, h'eeled
11.9.7
WEAFW
Rocket Launcher/
* jtl-barrel
11.9.8
b l
Rocket Launcher/
000
BETA TEST BD
FM 21-30, I1TO D-49(1i )
, TOS
I
mlti-barrel,
artillero, llht
11.9.9
ICPV
Rocket Launcher/
mutil-barrelI,
ertl!lerv, idium
11.9.10
kE
11.19.1I
Rocket Launcher/
multi-barrel,
art IIer, he"
WEO
IM 21-30, NATO D-49(1980)
, TOS
FIFM 21-30, NATO D-4910)
, TOS
V
WAI:S
I
Skapon/
84
'4
t%
',
.
''
."
.
"..'
J'
",
'
.
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.
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Part 2. Air Defense Symbols
Included in this section are symnbology sets from the following systems:
AN/TSQ-51
AN/TSQ-73
Improved Hawk
Nike-Hercules
PATRIOT
ROLAND
DIVAD GUN
The symbols with explanations are taken from technical manuals associated
with the specific system.
85
-94
TM 9-1430-560-10/1
T.
*
*
Ball Tab. The ball tab market (fig. 1-4) is a
,/S.inch diameter cice.Tis make ndicatres th
position of the track ball.
1-16
b. Hook. The hook marker (fit. 1-5) is a 2/2-inch
diameter circle. A hook marker surrounds the track
marker symbol or target video that is in close control
of a console. It also surrounds the ire unit site or
tracking marker when the console is paired with the
fire unit or when a command is transmitted to the
ire unit.
through nine, can be displayed on the ppi. Alphanumeric data accompanies its related symbol and conssso w ie
ffu
hrcesec fg -)
This data can be associated with track markers, fire
unit site markers, and fire unit tracking markers. Fire
unit site markers and special track markers are always
accompanied by an alphanumeric data display; a fire
unit tracking marker has its data displayed only when
the marker is in close control. Unknown, friendly,
and hostile track markers are displayed with their
associated alphanumeric data when track data is selected for ppi display.
. lo Strobe. A jam strobe (fig. 1.5) is a straight
line that originates at (he position of the generating
site and points toward the source of an interference
signal.
.Alphanumeric
SLEBI
LOCAL
REFERENJCED
Data
Mg. 1- and 1-6)
Each letter of the alphabet and each digit, zero
'TRACK
EOE
FRIENDLYY
REMOERNE
EEEND
FRIACKOL
TRACKMMRRKE
LOCAL
FRIENDLY
REFERENCED
M&KRMARKER.
TTRACK
WITH
VELOCITY
VECTOR
LC,
TRAC
1.
SPECIA
TRACK
MARK8R
LOCA
'
Tat
dtn
gmbl
. Af
IM 9-1430-.560-10/1
1
40O0KEb FIRE UNIT
?RACK,1.~MJARKf ft
LOCAL SPECIAL.
(TO BE DROPPED)
F0
AfR NG LIN E
3 9
01UNTSITE
2 F'
QTE0
t s s -e
Qi L10A
*RS 5ITE
UINW
~JAMMIC
TRACK
JAM
STROSES
CORRELATED
U04RK!ER
VI E Co
E
LOCAL
Ax
LONINOWN
TR AC
L23
NOOK
IIYMBOL
3
R
C
o F-o0v
NOS!ILEINBTE
E4
7
Swee p
I&EECED
F ig.,.j
mad pp0drle
87
Ot
G 3210M
b)
TM 9-1430-60-.10/1
CS
a. Local Track Displays. Information contained in
e. SAGE/BUIC Track Displays. Informaton con.
the alphanumeric display for local friendly, unknown,
and hostile track markers is shown in figure 1-8. The
type of alphanumeric data displayed for local special
track markers is shown in figure 1-9. A local simulated track display is shown in figure 1-10.
tained in the alphanumeric data display for friendly
and hostile track markets is shown in figure 1-13.
There is no display of unknaown SAGE/BUIC tracks
and, therefore, no alphanumeric data display. The
type of alphanumeric data displayed for special
SAGE/BUIC track markers is shown in figure 1-14.
. Fire Unit Displays. Information contained in the
alphanumeric data display for fire unit site markers
is shown in figure 1-15. The type of alphanumeric
data displayed when a fire unit tracking marker is
hooked is shown in figure 1.16.
b. Remote Track Displays. Information contained
in the alphanumeric display for remote friendly, unknown, and hostile track markers is shown in figures
1-11 through 1-11.3. The type of alphanumeric data
displayed for remote special track markers is shown
in figure 1-12.
3/S IN.
I
I
II
II
-
4-1is
I
I
IN.-0141
I
I
I
I
I
3.116 IN.-4I
I
3,116
I4
I
I
I
I
I
I
]0
SYMBOL
ALPHANUMERIC
CENTER -TO-CENTER
FIELD
MEk SURtEAENTS
03t0 Q 12109S
Figue 1.7. Data diplay hield.
LOCAL FRIENDLV
TRACK MARKER
LX LOCAL
iRRACK NU AMRER
1z DIGIIS)
-
TRACKING METHOD
At AUTOMATIL.
M * MANUAL
L dM
3F
~02
V
"I4EGHT(3 DIGITS)
L'SOIOOO FEET
RAID SIZE
5z INrvLE
F'$:EW
M MANY
W: NO ESTIMATE
ORD G 1 L0436
Figvve I-8. Laca track display.
1-7
I
~
~TM
9-1430-560-.10/1
SP C B LSPECIAL
rvSr
A:TIYPEA
TRAC~K Num8a~s
L&LOCAL
(2 DIGITS)
Cz TYPEC.
~23F
R AID StIZE
H4EIGH4T (3 DIGITS)
LSD '5000 FEET
STSINGLE
F-FEW
bdz O E STIMA&TE
ORD & 3ZI097
LOCAL
Fiure 1-9. Lord spetril d ,Iji,,pay.
SIMULATED
TRACK
S:LOCAL
TRACK NUIARER
MAKRSIMULATED
(2 DGITS)
M MAWIUAL
5H
SL±
3N.
~02
RAID SIZE
j
M4EIGHT (3 DIG ITS)
LSD cIDODo :EE-rwTN
F2 FEW
Figure 1-10. Local jimulagel irwd dawptay.
REMOTE
MOSTILE
TRACK~
MARKER
REMOTE SOURCE
As SOURCE NO. I
B* SOURCE NO.?
C-- SOUREE NO.3
V'-SOUJRCE NO.4
>
TRACK NUMBER
(Z DIGITS)
NaWO ESIwATE5
ORD G 321114
ENA
MNTSAU
E:NGAGEDTSAU
DLIf8.N
0 21S
HEIGH4T (3 DIGITS)
LSD-- 1000 FEET
Figure 1-11. AADCP remote track display.
89
RADSI
Mz MANY
ORO
C
CS
TM 9-1430-560-10/1
NO.AL
MARKER
3L
PRMARY
AADD
TRAL( %UMBCRq
(a. Diis)
EN&ACCIENT STATUS
N F4T E NGAGEO
IL 2 CNGAGCO
RAID SIIL
wt POOCSTIM4rg
S: SINGLE
V
M4Ea&WT (3oIG,17)
LS068O00 FEET
OM MANY
*Fiagre1.1 RRIS remote track wilb parent AADC? selecedeL
@,A~k[R
TRACK NUMBER
(a DIGI'TS)
s SECONDCARY
AAOCP
4164T( iriT)
110:1000 vIE!FIE
3Figure 1-11.2.
NOSTILt
RRIS remoe track wi
(z DirmITS)
TRACK
MAID sz
MO ESrTIT
01to 6 323337
alternate AADCP selected.
TRACK NUMBER
arkrivorr
0MA#WR
GEMEWT STATUS
IM NOT CKC.A.Et
CNhGA~ftAENT STATUS
042ND? LNG&GE'0
C ENGAGE D
ROIN
6CGNT (3 DIGITS)
L SO% 1000 CET
3Fisure 1.1.3.IRS
remoe fro
So60CL
to:-MAN V
ORD& X 23311
froIm sOur osbr thans paret or allierel AADCP.
90
TM 9.-143"-60-10/1
SPECIAL
MARKER
REMO'E SOURCE
A. gioulcu No. I
t T OURCE wo.z
C a jOUf'CE NO
0 %SOuQCE, JO.i
E :SOURCE NO.A
SPECIAL TYPES
A slYPE A
91z TYPE &
CsVTYPE C
v0- oRop RE QuEST
TRACK NUMBER
(11,CvTS)
D~SB
14EmmyH 13 DI6'T1s)
LSD:-1000 FEET
OD6ILo
ObC119
RIMe:1, sPIIltrack 44p0a7
Fig.,,'1412
swrihNOiY
RICENDLYE
Rmb SIZE
TRACK NUMA3ER
yE5ASEISUIC
ALWAYS
ZERO
St
TIRACK tARKR
I
L-..
HOSTILE
KEKHEIGHT
2
0
wC2
W:NO ETuIblE
1IMUL&IEDTRkCst
ORD &*621100
(3 IITS)
LSIDIOOO FEE7
S.4GE/BVIC track iisPlay
Figwve 1-13
TYPES
SPECIALSPEClAL
ah 'TP E
S PER IA L
y:SAG,&fBUIC.
k
Do DROP REQUEST
TRACK NUMBER
Y
7A
us MANY
MO fTIUATf
mIto
ORD s st1101
6.O0: 1000 FEET
Fig,,, 1-14
SAGE/BI)IC
DPec~il track
diSPIOY
1-9
v
91
TM
9
-1430-560-10/I
FIRE UNIT
SITE MARI
.RK
FIRE UNIT
LABEL
o
CONSOLE
70
FIRE UNIT
NUMBER
FU 12
ItTE
RtR,
STATUS
FIRE UlfIt RuREADY
€oufts.Ur, 'T TRACKINIG
EaEFFICTVE
1:INEFFICTgVp
USKILL.
0 OUT OP
ACT IOu
UsIsKNTU
UNKNwtN€
PRIMARY SECODAR'r
CMeDCMA~
Cr"
CfgGAGE
14OLD FIRE
CEASEFIRE
09 NO COMMAND
AS BEEN
GIVEN
Figure 1-15
FIRE UNIT
SRACKING MA.RKER
Firt auxl sit d
FIRE UNIT
LABEL
upty (U).
FIRE UNIT
NUMBER
FU
2
0 23
:LE
FRJU&
V~M
MANMY
Nu NO ESTsIATE
ORO G 321103
HEIGHT (S DIGITS)
LSIDIO10
FEET
FiASW 1-1
Section IV
.
Fire
ORD 6 321102
/tradaug di APL
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
1-17
. General
TOM, 1.1
Cr COOe,,I Pati C.wir0l,
The operating controls and information display inCol
Functio,
dicators for the AN/TSQ.51 system are those located
SWEEP FOCUS
18 €oiunction with SWEEP ASTIG,
on the back-lighted panels and on the shelf of the concontrols sharpness of radar sweep.
sole (fig. 1-17) and the ire unit status board. Con.
SWEEP ASTIG
Incontrols
conjunction
with of
SWEEP
FOCUS.
sharpness
radar sweep.
trots on the shelf are the track ball and the TRACK: SWEEP INT
Controls brighaess of sweep.
.
BALL ENABLE pushbutton. The panel marking and
function of all other operator's controls except those
on the communications panel are listed inparagraphs
1.13 through 1-21 and in tables 1-1 through 1-7.
1-18
.
Crt Control Panel (Fig. 1-18)
The controls on this panel, used to establish the
overall crt display characteristics, are listed in table
!-1.
*
1-10
92
SYm FOCUS
SYM ASTIG
SYM INT
CENTER:
S--N
RANGE MARK
INT
In conjunction with SYM
ASTIG.
controls sharpness of symbols.
In conjunction with SYAI FOCUS.
controls sharpness of symbols.
Controls brightmess of symbols.
P
beam horizontally.
Positions
beam vertically.
Controls brightness of range marks.
TM 9.1430-652-10-1
operator
in:t.rpretation and decision
1-14. Symbol Flash Characteristics. Various ovm-
making. Figures 1-7 thru 1-17 show the format of the
alphanumeric block associated with each type of symbol
and define the meaning of each character in the block,
bology used in the system will flash to call the attention
of the Olerator to some specific condition. Table 1-3
provides this information.
t facilitate console
SIZE (INCH)
TYPE
SYMBOL
LOCAL
TAB SYMBOL
(SEE NOTES 1 AND 2)
0
REMOTE
1/8
N/A
1/2
N/A
N/A
1/4
HOOK SYMBOL
(SEE NOTES 1.2, AND 3)
06
POINTER
(SEE NOTE 4)
v
NOTES:
1.
THE TAB AND HOOK SYMBOLS ARE UNDER THE OPERATOR'S CONTROL THROUGH USE OF THE
CONSOLE POSITION TAB. THE OPERATOR POSITIONS THE TAB SYMBOL OVER THE OBJECT TO BE
HOOKED AND THEN PUSHES THE POSN HOOK BUTTON IN THE TASK FUNCTIONS SECTION OF
THE DISPLAY CONSOLE.
2.
THE TAB AND HOOK SYMBOLS ARE LOCAL FOR AN INDIVIDUAL CONSOLE AND ARE NOT
TRANSMITTED. NO ALPHANUMERIC DATA BLOCK APPEARS WITH THEM.
THE OPERATOI1 USES THE HOOK ACTION TO REQUEST INFORMATION FROM THE COMPUTER ON
THE SYMBOL HE HAS HOOKED. THE COMPUTER DISPLAYS THE APPROPRIATE DATA ON BOTH
THE PPI AND ARO SECTIONS OF THE DISPLAY CONSOLE CRT.
3.
4.
THE POINTER SYMBOL IS USED TO DESIGNATE A SPECIFIC LOCATION OR SYMBOL ON THE
SITUATION DISPLAY. THE POINTER IS SENT BY ANY OTHER ATDL-1 OR TADIL-B SITE. ONLY
ONE POINTER SYMBOL MAY BE DISPLAYED AT A TIME. THE POINTER IS DISPLAYED WITH
ALPHANUMERICS REPRESENTING THE TRACK NUMBER/ADDRESS OF THE SENDING SITE.
THE POINTER IS USED TO FACILITATE VOICE COORDINATION BETWEEN TWO SITES.
MS 202140
Figure 1-2. Designationand ControlSymbols
93
1.
Chang
TM 9-1430-652-10-1
SIZE (INCH) (SEE NOTE 2)
TYPE
SYMBOL
LOCAL
REMOTE
UNKNOWN
1/4
I/5
114
1/8
1/4
1/3
HOSTILE
1/4
I/8
PRIORITY
1/4
1t's
1/4
1/
114
11
114
1i
U
FRIEND
0
INTERCEPTOR
SPECIAL
+
(
COMMAND TRANSMITTED
COMMAND RECEIVED
,
NOTES:
1.
EACH AIR TRACK SYMBOL HAS AN ASSOCIATED ALPHANUMERIC DATA BLOCK CONSISTING OF
TWO LINES OF FIVE CHARACTERS EACH.
2.
SYMBOL SIZE MA'" VARY SO THAT ALL SYMBOLS HAVE THE SAME APPARENT SIZE.
MS 15I740A
Figure 1-S. Air Truck Symbols
Change 2
94
1-7
TM 9-1430-652-10-1
SIZE (INCH) (SEE NOTE 3)
TP
TYPE
(SEE NOTE 1
SYML/LINE
LOCAL
REMOTE
1/8
N/A
1/8
N/A
1/8
N
N/A
DEFENDED POINT
(SEE NOTE 4)
COMMAND PO6T SITE
(SEE NOTE?)
[N
TRUCK PARK SITE
(SEE NOTE 2)
ORDNANCE STORAGE SITE
(SEE NOTE 2)
1/8
A
N/A
N
CN
n1/
POL STORAGE SITE
(SEE NOTE 2)
AIR FIELD SITE
(SEE NOTE 2)
N/A
1N
L1/8
N/A
RADAR SITE
(SEE NOTE 2)
ECM FIX (SITE)
c
GEOREF MARKER
1/8
N/A
1/8
N/A
1/4
N/A
NIA
N/A
N/A
N/A
+
MAP LINES
A
SAFE CORRIDOR IUNES)
(SEE NOTE 5)
NOTES:
1. THESE SYMBOLS AND LINES MAY BE ENTERED AT THE KPU AND DISPLAYED AS PART OF A MAP.
SYMBOLS ENTERED AS PART OF A MAP ARE NEITHER HOOKABLE NOR TRANSMITTABLE OVER
ADL. IF EITERED DURING MAP GENERATION, ALL SYMBOLS MAY BE ACCOMPANIED BY A TWO.
CHARACTER DISCRIPTOR.
2. THESE SYMBOLS MAY BE ENTERED FROM AND DISPLAYED AT THE DISPLAY CONSOLE. DISPLAY
CONSOLE ENTERED SITE SYMBOLS ARE HOOKABLE BUT NOT TRANSMITTABLE OVER ADL (EXCEPT
ECM FIX). DISPLAY CONSOLE ENTERED SITES ARE ACCOMPANIED BY ONE OR TWO ROWS OF UP TO
FOUR ALPHANUMERIC CHARACTERS EACH, IF THE CHARACTERS ARE ENTERED AT THE DISPLAY
CONSOLE.
3. SYMBOL SIZE MAY VARY SO THAT ALL MARKERS HAVE THE SAME APPARENT SIZE.
4. DEFENDED POINTS MAY BE ENTERED DURING MAPGEN OR BY A CC121. IF ENTERED DURING
PROGRAM DATA ENTRY (CC121), DEFENDED POINTS ARE ACCOMPANIED BY TWO ROWS
OF THREE ALPHANUMERICS EACH.
5. THE LETTERS A THRU L, AS LABELED BY THE OPERATOR, IDENTIFY THE END POINT OF EACH
SAFE CORRIDOR.
MS202136A
Figure1-5. Fixed Point, Site and Map Symbols, and Lines
95
.
.
*
..
i-
*•
,
**!
•
i
i
Change 5
*
4
..
*
.,
1
111
11
%.*
.. v
v
1-9
'M
TM 9.1430-652-10-1
/
SIZE
LINE
TYPE
LOCAL
REMOTE
M
JAM STROBE
E-
(SEE NOTE 1)I
PAIRING LINES:
)
;
-.
4
N/A
N/A
~NIA
NIA"'
PRIMARY ASSIGNMENT
SECONDARY ASSIGNMENT
(SEE NOTE 2)
VECTORS:
VELOCITY
NIA
NIA
TIME-TO-GO
SEE NOTE 3)
N/A
N/A
NOTES:
1.
A JAM STROBE IS A STRAIGHT LINE ORIGINATING AT THE SITE. FU. OR TRACK BEING JAMMED AND
EXTENDING THROUGH THE JAMMING SOURCE TO THE EDGE OF THE DISPLAY.
2.
PAIRING LINES ARE USED TO INDICATE ASSIGNMENTS TO AND ENGAGEMENTS BY FIRE UNITS.
PRIMARY ASSIGNMENT PAIRING LINES INDICATE THAT AN ASSIGNMENT HAS BEEN MADE TO A
FIRE UNIT. A SECONDARY ASSIGNMENT PAIRING LINE INDICATES THE NEXT ASSIGNMENT TO
BE MADE TO THE FIRE UNIT WHEN THE CURRENT PRIMARY ASSIGNMENT IS COMPLETED. PAIRING
LINES INDICATING ENGAGEMENTS AGAINST JAM STROBES TERMINATE WITH A HOOKABLE POINT.
THIS HOOKABLE POINT EXPANDS AND BLINKS IF THERE IS AN OUTSTANDING ALERT TO THE JAM
STROBE. SECONDARY ASSIGNMENT PAIRING LINES ARE DISPLAYED ONLY AT THE BATTALION LEVEL
2.
VECTORS ARE USED TO INDICATE AIRCRAFT SPEED AND DIRECTION OR THE DISTANCE TRAVELED
BY AN AIRCRAFT IN A SPECIFIED TIME. A VELOCITY VECTOR IS A LINE EXTENDING OUTWARD
FROM THE AIR TRACK SYMBOL IN THE DIRECTION OF FLIGHT. THE LENGTH OF WHICH INDICATES
THE SPEED OF THE AIRCRAFT (1 INCH - 1800 DATA MILES PER HOUR). A TIME-TO-GO VECTOR IS
A LINE EXTENDING OUTWARD FROM THE AIR TRACK SYMBOL IN THE DIRECTION OF FLIGHT. THE
OUTWARD END OF THE LINE INDICATES THE EXPECTED POSITION OF THE AIRCRAFT AT A SPECIFIED
FUTURE TIME. ASSUMING THE AIRCRAFT MAINTAINS ITS CURRENT SPEED AND HEADING.
MS 195743A
("
Figure-6. Linn Used with Air Track and Defen.e System Symbol.
1.to
Catog4
96
--,
% %ew
9
*
"%
"' -
-
• Z1
.
.-
*
"
...-..
-.
,.
,*
..
•.
(L4
IM 9-1430-1535-12-2-3
4 v,,
-t
Table 5-1. Composite Symbol Generation
X AMP
v
SYMBOL
IST bNM
NAME
X AMP
2NDYM
I ST
V AMP
2140 JVM
_____140
1ST SYMBOLLK
ADP REQUEST SYMBOLS
LOCAL
HOSTILE
FULL
OFF
LOCAL
UNKNOWN
.
FFFULL
OFF
COMPOSITE
SYMBOL
BLANKING
_____ISI
OSVA - MOST THREATING TARGET
2ND SYMBOL
HALF
FULL
C)
NONE
HALF
CQ
IST SYM
II
FULL
SYMBOL
DISPLAYED
POSITIVE
PLATOON THREAT
LOCAL
HOSTILE
FULL
HALF
HALF
FULL
0
LOCAL
UNKNOWN
FULL*
HALF
HALF
FULL
c0
NONE
0
1ST SYM
POSITIVE
~~COMMAND/TRACK/POINTER SYMBOLS______
4
HOOK
FULL
FULL
OFF
OFF
COMMAND
TRACK
FULL
NONE
FULL
NONE
HP,
FULL
TRACK
NONE
NONE
NONE
HPI
TRACK
FULL
FULL
E3
& PIV
AADCP
FULL
PI
NONE
0O
NONE
(
NONE
0
0NE
El
--
NONE
NONE
J~
OFF_______________
I4
FULL
OFF
I HAWK
POINTER /
JOYSTICK
OFF.
HALF
I
HALF
OFF
-
QUEUE
COMMAND
FULL
NONE
FULL
NONE
0
NONE
ENGAGED
TRACK
FULL
NONE
OFF
NONE
-NONE
Part 3
(
__G
OFF
FULL
POINTER
5-4
OFF
0
+
-NONE
NONE
97
NONE
1ST SYM
NEGATIVE
I--E
Table $-1. Composite Symbol Generotion-Continued
"X AMP
IST
.
SYMBOL
X AMP
NAME
tAMP
AMP
"
V AMP
2ND
DYM
N1D NO
_ _
SYMB
1ST SYMBOL
COMPOSITE
2ND SYMBOL
SYMBOL
BLANKING
SYMBOL
DISPLAYED
SYM
TARGET IDENTIFICATION SYMBOLS
LOCAL
HOSTILE
C
.
NONE
c
FULL
NONE
HALF
NONE
REMOTE
HALF
HALF
0
HOSTILE
NONE
NONE
NONE
HALF
QD
1:
ST SYM
FRIEND
NONE
NONE
NONE
NEGATIVE
symbol:
REMOTE
FRIEND
HALF
NONE
HALF
NONE
0
NONE
1ST SYM
NEGATIVE
senerat
via the
LOCAL
UNKNOON
FULL
NONE
HALF
NONE
(
5-19.
NONE
IST SYM
POSITIVE
HALF
NONE
..
ALF..
HALF
NONE
01
NONE
*LCLFULL
REMOTE
UNKNOWN
NONE
NONE
0
0
....
K
The
operati
produc
ST SYM
forPOSITIV
etwot
a
IST/2ND SYM
IDENTIFICATION CONFLICT SYMBOLS
sistor
ier. 7I
LOCAL HOSTILE/
FULL
HALF
REMOTE FRIEND
HALF
HALF
LOCAL HOSTILE/
FULL
HALF
REMOTE UNKNOWN
HALF
HALF
LOCAL FRIEND/
REMOTE HOSTILE
FULL
HALF
LOCAL FRIEND/
REMOTE UNKNOWN
C_)
Q
NONE
6oscila
NEGATIVE
degre(
gener.
0
POSITIVE
5-2).
HALF
HALF
~ident;
C)
NEGATIVE
NONE
FULL
HALF
C)
HALF
HALF
0
FULL
HALF
C)
REMOTE HOSTILE
HALF
HALF
0
LOCAL UNKNOWN/
REMOTE FRIEND
FULL
HALF
HALF
HALF
OFF
FULL
FULL
OFF
"--N"
imp
50
circ
HALF
OFF
-
sist
LOCAL UNKNOWN/
RIPPLEsigr
FIRE
0
C)NONE
Tht
0
Ompli
analo.
TRA
NEGATIVE
_
_
..
POSITIVE
.
POSITIVE
~Q
hag
..
age
20-K
an b~
NONE_
isazi
_
OSIIVEthe
O
NEGATIVE
C)
FULLHAL
0
,I___
Swit
allel
----
gro
W~h
tNIM
98
,'
;'_',
;:
-
-* *,.
*:,-.*
.. >
er(
.,,*..
..
--
.. _
.
.
,
,
U
"SUMN
I@STIL9 $"IDOL
0
VA~ar
my etwum
1
Figure 22.
y,6.CA ws.
M15 display.
(f) The flashing azimuth line appears as a brightened radial line once per rotation of the radial
sweep. The line is positioned in azimuth by a knob on the target designate control-indicator. In target designation, the flashing azimuth line and range circle are positioned to intersect the designated target video.
(g) The electronic cross (local track) is formed by bisecting range and azimuth marks that
represent the range and azimuth, respectively, of the TTR system. When the TTR is tracking a target, the
cross appears superimposed on the tracked target video. Appearance of the electronic cross on the PPI is
controlled by the TRACK CROSS switch on the target designate control-indicator.
(h) Portions of the 1 display may be expanded according to range or sector. When a particular
sector Is selected, that sector occupies the whole area of the 1 with the origin of the sweep at the edge of the
display instead of the center. Range and sector expansions are controlled by switches on the P15 (fig 17).
(2) The F1on the battery control console displays an expanded portion of the P1 presentation
centered about the intersection of the acquisition range circle and flashing azimuth line (fig 23). Thereby,
targets can be more accurately distinguished and located in range and azimuth. The PI displays a vertical
sweep, which represents a portion of the PPI sweep and acquisition and tFF video. The FPI range circle and
flashing azimuth line are represented by horizontal and vertical lines, respectively, etched in the protective
face of the M.
p9
I - RAW~ lift (efchew
2 - TFsrSet video (designated asp*t
h -Axlmu. The (atched)
Figure 23.
4 - Blectronic cross
S - sweep
PI display.
"t
DEP 9-1430-602-10
Table 3-30.
Basic Track and Ground Point Symbols
Symbol/name/description
Null symbol
Hostile, single
Symbol
No symbol
Hostile, multiple
>
Hostile, single (not eligible for engagement)
Hostile, multiple (not eligible for engagement)
(
Unknown, single
U
Unknown, multiple
U
!
Unknown, single (not eligible for engagement)
Unknown, multiple (not eligible for engagement)
Friendly, single
Friendly, multiple
Defended point
Intercept point
0
C3
Firing platoon (FP)
Digital Display Communication Set (DDCS)
Communication Relay Group (CRG)
Pointer
Ambiquous Jammer Position
,
Cursor (situation display)
Special
Jammer
S
/
Probable kill
(VOA1
" --
0iTr-1
-V
3-99"
IDEP .9-1430-602-10
Table 3-31.
Modifier symbols
Modifier
Modifier name
NO MODIFIER
Null
Q
Engaged
)
To-Be-Engaged (TEE)
(D~
Special
T
True
Jamer
Probable kill
r H
Engage hold
101
3-200
lei
L-~
CmftmGC
****%%*.:v
3
~
~
~
~
~
*...
DEP 9-1430-602-10
Table 3-32.
Speed/Heading Symbol Selection-
Velocity
Speed
Symbol length
CRT Display
Null
No speed/heading symbol shown
(example)
Y ( S- /3
(1/2 in.:) Dia ref
~
1.27 cm
n.)
2
Low
(1/2 in.) Dia ref
1.27 cm
High
*-~
.635 cm
(1/4 in.)
(1/2 in.) DIA REF
1.27 cm
01- i$.318 cm,
+
Medium
(1/16 in.)
_.159
cm_
102
3-101
-"
" ,/
. , .",
".."
.*-
.. -".',...
". -,.,"
.
.v .." •
", , .. ...-. .-.-
. . ..
. . . . . -
. .
.
.
. .
.
DEP 9-1430-602-10.
Table 3-33.
Vector
reference
Speed/Heading Symbol Selection -7 Heading
Symbol
heading (deg)*
1.
0
2.
of
ange
target heading (deg)
349 < Heading
_5 11
.22.5
11 <Heading
<_ 34
3.
45.0
34 < Heading
_< 56
4.
67.5
56 < Heading g
<
5.
90.0
79 < Heading
< 101
79
6.
40L
112.5
101 < Heading
S 124
7.
4
135.0
124 < Heading
< 146
8.
4
157.5
146 < Heading
S 169
9.
49>
180.0
169 < Heading
S 191
10.
202.5
191 < Heading
1 214
11.
225.0
214 < Heading
S 236
12.
247.5
236 < Heading
5S259
13.
270.0
259 < Heading
< 281
14.
292.5
281 < Heading
S 304
15.
315.0
304 < Heading
_5326
16.
337.5
326 < Heading
< 349
.Relative to Y axis of FP or DDCS coordinate system.
103
3-102
-_
.
. .
.
. , ,,
_. . *
-
..
.
. . .
.
.
. .
.
*
DEP 9-1430-602-10
Table 3-34.
Category
Static Data Symbology
Coding
Symbology
_MAP SzLXCT
pe'"arks
F
Basic symbol plus
Subordinate FP
a - I to 6
one numeric
Battalion no (DDcS)
3a
Basic symbol plus
two alphas
Zncludes 3 Adj Sbs
as - AA to ZZ
Comma Relay Group
(CRG)
re
General point
aOG
Basic symbol plus
three alphas
a&& - AAA to ZZZ
Defended point
r
asic symbol plum
one alpha
a - A to Z
Defended area
I
rI to 6
Basic symbol plus
one numeric
DEFEND AREAS
Forward Edge of
attle Area (FnBA)
a
Solid lines plus
l
one
v
---
VESA
Squares
alpha
Short dash - short
space lines plus
FERA
Average 4 line
Solid lines plus
one numeric and
one alpha
Average
a - I
a a r
u
T
Short dash - short
space lines plus R
and two numerics
Average of 4 sides
a - I to 99
long dash - long
space lines plus P
and two numerics
Average of S sides
nn - I to 99
Solid paired lines
plus C and two
Average of 4 paired
parallel line segwants nn a I to 99
S"mente
WPM CONTR AREAS
iapon control
volumes
10 APLAS
of 6 sides
to 9
(Free)
(Hold). or
(Tight)
I---'
Restrictea volume
_
Prohibited volume
(PnnM
*Safe passage
¢ nft
numerics
ORIGXh VOLS
Friendly point of
Fnn
origin volume
Averaqe of 6 sides
nn = I to 99
long dash - long
$
space
lines plus H
and two numerics
Average of 6 sides
nn to 99
Asteris. or
asterisk plus 2
alphas at high
brightness
as f Major Grid I
Asterisk at low
brightness
as
and two numerics
oHostile point of
origin volume
Short dash - short
space lines plus F
-
GEOREF GRID
,O0
Major grid point
intermediate grid
point
Major Grid 1D
MASK TERR
*•
y...emasked
terrain
.
n
Short dath - short
spice line plus
four characters
.. _ _j
-
104
"r
" *. .
.
.
"
". * '
."
*" "
" '
,.
.
"
.
I to 25 (kn
3-103
"
.""
.
*
"~ " -..
.
.
..
DEP 9-1430-602-10
ALTERNATE SECTOR BOUNOARY
IMUlUALLY EXCLUSIVE WITH
FULL SECTOR BOUNS,
GE REF MARREN
DOERAEOICAWE GR1D POINT)
*SRETRICTEO
RORWGR
CEO RlEr WARREN
(IBAJON GRID POINTS
ADJACENT PP TRACKFOWREDEF
AREA
ME
EDGNGO
GA~
COVERAGE SOUNDS
ARE
%%FES
%
%
oo
%
%RrSTOAE
GEOGRAPHIC~~~~ NOT
AKOERI
YSO
COMMAD
COTROLGROU
AREAIIOAE
DSYMBOLL
CORNTHO
SAFEA"I
&A~~O
RELAY GROUPDEF
COMNMO
REA
CORDRFENED
TRACK SECTOR DOUNDAlty
Ojv
I
GENERAL POINT
WEAPON CONTROL VOLUME
MS 182051
Figure 3-30.
3-104
Static Data Symbology
105
ROLAZL
ITMI
2.10. Rtaa Suroillancb.
-
*(1)
Swwilbni
-
Din 9-1425-625-10
Continued
Continued
Determine roaning of DPI display
as follows:
J
.
fI
IOM~t
I
I~~~~~~.
egRos. -
a.
Cu*AGIS -
, 1.1
O&S
IIL%*
.sD'.m
II
SfA
al e#~
%0C*?E
GOO..-.
'.Oq~.
I6 IFSC~
.3ST*O
A
TAOS
S
Siv
DREP0'IS~vao
SI
SOSLAVO
ANSIS
-TO*%T.0h11.G
%0ICPABThGN£Z
0 "h CooS s - O CootSo
O%0
otI#00AIB6
soN2t$ feuM &CTCo
Change I
106
IL-
UY
sC
TANI T- Coot
'.I fMT
%*fDIM&
O'
2-I5O.1f(-15O0t blank)
Cv IV ofCP
:)P-V A
Lower than second Priority.
No dots inside.
Lower than second priority.
No dots inside.
3
Radar being jammed and
sector affected. Spans
GRadar pointer mark to
command track radar
search of sector.
29
Target being trackced.
30
Blinking
107
Unengageable fixed wing
aircraft deleted.
31
Lower than second priority
missile. No dots inside.
Engageable.
9
*
Gunsight line-of-sight with
respect to north. Outside
10Kmn range ring.
24
Friendly aircraft
108
14
Confidence block.
Indicates a fair chance
of achieving an early
hit.
26
Confidence block.
Indicates a good chance
of achieving an early hit
*
27
Confidence block.
Indicates an excellent
chance of achieving
ai
an early hit.
28_
....
.
Ground vehicle. Fixed
orientation. One size for
engageable or unengageable.
Only range priority
indicated.
109
.19
*
-.-
~~.'.
*
*
2 -- V
-
Comnmander's periscope
line-of-sight with respect to
north. Outside '10Km range
ring.
25
Second priority Missile.
Engageable.
lot%,Hostility
unknown.
Symbol surrounds
helicopter.
13
Second priority Helicopter
target. Engageable.
110
North on display. Positioned
at top of 81(m range circle.
*Top priority Missile.
Engageable.
p
Second priority D'Unengageableel
Fixed-wing target, or object of
unknown classification. Dot
pattern same as engageable
target, only smaller.
10
Top priority Fixed-wing
Aircraft. Target, or object
of unknown classification.
Engageable.
On left;
Top priority helicopter
target, engageable.
On right;
Helicopter, NOT engageable.
16
Pointer to manually select
engageable and unengageable
targets.
20
/
Hull heading with respect
to north.
22
*
Hostility unknown,
Symbol surrounds fixedaircraft.
*wind
112
12
Engageable helicopter
target deleted.
On left;
Top priority fixed-wing
aircraft target,, engageable.
On right;
Fixed-wing aircraft, NOT
engageable.
15
Top priority Helicopter
target. Engageable.
4
priority 'Unengageable"
___________Top
Helicopter target. Dot
pattern same as engageable
target, only smaller.
1131
113
%A
Second priority Fixed-wing
Aircraft. Target, or object
of unknown classification.
Engageable.
2
Unengageable helicopter
target deleted.
32
Engageabie fixed-wing
target deleted.
17
Short-range line-of-sight
indicator at 2Km range ring.
S
114
2
Part 3.
Radar Symbols.
Many perceptual studies have used radar-like symbols to derive standard
symbols for use by radar operators. The following sets have been part of
experimental programs to attempt radar symbol standardization. These sets are
from the following source:
Hoxigfeld, A. Radar Symbology: A Literature Review. Technical
Memorandum 14-64, Human Engineering Laboratories, 1964.
The symbols portrayed represent a wide range of experimental work. A complete
reference list and discussing of the implications of the work performed is
contained in the above review.
115
FORMS
*
U
21
4.
A
4'
A1
+
*
+
Fig. 10. FORMS USED BY CASPERSON (1950)
116
Airplane
Circle
Crescent
Cross
Diamond
Double
ConcaveTrpoi
Ellipse
±Heart
Shield
Ship,
Heptagon
(Hexagon
+Octagon
*Swastika
JRectangleTrpzi
Square
Star*
Pentagon
Semicircle
itTriangle
Fig. 11. FORMS USED BY SLEIGHT (1952)
117
A
9f
I
m'w
"16C
NWM4
saw
9" P
5""
Fig. 12. FORMS USED FOR CHARACTRON TUBE
118
Q
6
7
10
11
____
16
15__
19
18
17
.12
,
20
Fig. 14. SYMBOLS USED BY BOWEN et al. (1959)
119
-
"~
~.*"',,..,+.
..
,.,,-,..-.r,
---
,,
.,,-.
'--
•t
/
/
Symbol:
I00 270 450 630 800 900 I000 1170 1350 1530 170
Inclination• 0P
\
Symbo
°
°
Inclination '180P 190°20'7 225 ° 243 260 2700 2800 z97 3150 3330 350'
24-Symbol Alphabet
Symbol,
Inclination a
00
J
/
120
30P
symbol
Inclination
-
600
780
90 °
150
10r 1200
°
168
'0
28o 300 330 ° 3480
1800 1920 2100 2400 258o 2700
20-Symbol Alphabet
Symbol'
Inclinationt
I
I
/
00
150
45
180
195P
225 °
....
75*
90
255P
2700
°
W05
1350
1650
3150
345c
Symbola
Inclination'
2850
16-Symbol Alphabet
Symbol'
Inclination'
00
20
Symbol
1
/
Inclination'
-
200P
10
9
70
2500
-
120
.,.-
, .,,,......,,_.._,.. ,.._, _
..',.','..*.,..,.S._,-._,-.
.,..%
1600
%m.
2700
12-Symbol Alphabet
Fig. 16.
l100
INCLJNAT1ON CODES
2900
3400
8-Symbol Alphabet
Symbol:
()Q
-
Axis Ratio# 0.00
0L05
0.11
0.O21
0.37
0.58
0.82
1.00
7-Symbol Alphabet
Symbol:
0
0.13
0.05
Axis Ratio; Q0.0
0.24
0.76
0.45
1.00
6-Symbol Alphabet
Q
Symbol:~ ->
Axis Ratio:
0.00
0.05
0.37
0.16
0.70
1.00
5-Symbol Alphabet
Symbo::
Is Ratio:
:
-
0.00
0.05
0.21
Fig. 22. ELLIPSE CODES
121
0.58
1.00
BASIC SYMBLS
GEN4ER.AL
UNKNOWN
FRIENDLY
Kn
[1311
Air
Surface
0
Sub-Surface
Fig. 25. BASIC SYMBOL DESIGNS
122
HOSTILE
*
Fig. 26.
FORMS USED BY NEWMAN AND DAVIS (1961)
123
AFPEIDIX C
Rank Orders of Geometric Symbols Studied
Highest ranking
symbols used in
four or more
studies
H ighest ranking
symbols used in
fewer than four
studies
Synbols used
deserving more
intensive study
1 24
I.
IN
LII
124
t
'l|Hip
i
' llE
.Ill
rocket
O-bar
flag
ball
Iradar
ost
lane2
125
Part 4.
TACFIRE DPM Symbols.
The following symbols and symbol primitives are from the digital plotter
map of the tactical fire direction system (TACFIRF). This is a printer overlay
to a large map board where characters and symbols may be transferred to the
hard copy map posted on the board.
126
TM 11-7440.242-23-1
A-,
C(SYMBOL
LIBRARY)
B (CHARACTER
BOX WITH ---DPM DISPLAY
HQ SYMBOL
UNIT SYMBOL
A
A BC D E F
U VW xvZ
X
H I J K L M k0
P0
RB
$%+
B
O (0) C
o00Q
C
C
Figure 14-2. DPM Test PatternDisplay
14.4
127
7
LIBRARY)
Part 5. Wargaming Symbols.
The following symbols are examples of the kinds of information portrayed
in a battlefield wargame exercise. The important thing to noteis the need to
summarize information and condense it into a small square area.
EXAMPLES OF PLAYING PIECES (from various SPI games)
Land Units
Naval Units
GwMneSas
7,;*AbfVW6N"i
3thru Sheox raspe
24~t
6 thro 7heboxage
13
6thm 10 box: ran
H
41achStrenghh
16m12 1
Rang
0,imsetm.
[ebrsm17]16
Mo..,,n.
A~ mdm" ek,
4 120
RisegrAtlo--
Attach Strengt
GE
FieSregh
%ieeeJ.F
b-69
S
5
~.
F
Aiw Coboe#
Mv~mnt
41j
someS~ ame
Strength
Allowance Greud
ID"W COm
Fleet Nationaisty and ID number
-IB 3-dentity
Cla- 1
Fre
Stength
Ramp
3
2 <'f>
1
Rolm
61 20
Sn...
SregthDcune
'31hA
sabUitD
law-
Air Units
DdenoStrelli
9 s4 movemesit Anti-Air Strength
1 6 1Defeat.Stregth Anti-Surface
strength 962Strength12
value
Anti-Submarine
Anti-Submarine jSCG4
BSo
42
t
AllwanceShpTp
Strength
A~.
IEcm
and Silhouet
Airref Tpe
Rannge AIIowence
Nationaitly Ond ID Dumbe"
AniSrface
iWW-
Netioeuiy
U
-
od Anti-Air Strength
-lwac
-RIL
is
F4
7 Rang Allowance~
3DfneSrnt
3DfneSo
ECM Value
0+
Strength
Type a&d Silhouette an Carrier-based Ind ionac
Anti-Aircraft Strength (at indica erne")-.
Oto2
3104
5106
i
Ambe"04r
Nationality:
u0W Attck
fiso
lwnName
FRANCE
N9_..
7 Shipgt
iaatSen
TY.0~D
Nationality:
-seonaMk
Nat
Attack Strength:
Rag
lpec
USRNationality:
Type Abbrew:
Surf-S
Abbe:
PSmo:Ty"e
~eT~peyinbolTyp
Symbol: Iqm4hmIType Symbo :~
(unks, Strength.
ESC
M.bF
-ueahuY
4/214
Fleet Quantity
Defens Strength
A2c
Aackg
USA
LRB
'
2/4'-
Fiet Quantity
Dcfenw ent
The above samples ame arranged Inthree columns (by general typel and Inascending order of scale reading down
* the columns Iie., from tactical leve games through strategic). Land column: atro, MechWar 77, Prestags,
Asnzergruppe Gudwran, Glbal War. Naval column: Frigsa Dedhought, Sixth Fleet, Fast Carriers, Global
War.~ Air Column: Foxhat & Phantomj, OAF War, Sixth Flet, Invasion 4nmeric, Global War. Note that ingeneral,
the low level and high level counters are relatively simple, wherees the middle level tactical counters are more
enomple. Note that the naval units awe something of an exception to this, since on all leves except the highest.
they represent Indivdual 04S.
128
Part 6.
Experimental Symbologies.
Each of the following symbol sets has been selected from studies of
symbols using a military scenario, or from new systems ideas. The references
for each are as follows:
1.
Smith, S. L. and Thomas, D. W. Display Color Coding Compared with Three
Shape Codes for a Class Counting Task. MITRE Technical Series Report
No. 12, 1963.
2.
Howell, W. C., and Fuchs, A. H. Population Sterotyping in Code Design.
Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 1968, (3), 310-339.
3.
Earl, W. K. Learning and Recognition of U.S., Soviet, and Pictographic
Military Symbology. US ARI Technical Report, Dec 1981.
4.
Moses, F. M. More Efficient Symbols for Present and Future Needs. Paper
presented at the Symposium on Computer Graphics in Support of Tactical
Command and Control, HQ, TCATA, Ft. Hood, 1977.
5.
MICROFIX Symbols for the Microprocessors for the Tactical Intelligence
Community. Prepared by U.S. Army FORSCOM and the George Institute of
Technology, 1982.
129
gW.
.
51
SMITbi --
MILITARY
SYMBOLS
Fig. I Shape codes used in display slides. For
consistency, military designations are used to
denote the aircraft shapes. As actually projected,
the diameter of the circle was 1/2" on the screen,
with the other symbols in proportion as shown.
130
GEOMETRIC
FORMS
AIRCRAFT
SHAPES
RADAR
TRIANGLE
C-54
GUN
DIAMOND
C-47
AIRCRAFT
SEMICIRCLE
F-IO0
MISSILE
CIRCLE
F- 102
1
SHIP
0
STAR
4
S-52
rWOM4
832
NOWELL AND FUCHS
0
(!
SUPERIOR
6000
ND]m~
all
PO00
6"S
PL*U
STEEL
ftU.L
A
BCAM0t
Vaoa kst
CAPaer.ilvy
CaPaOMI.,1
mavy
CALKC
11"K?~ &a Fact
ke. A SLPGA bOUI
=
=
er
am
ca~
W
0
->
fta*A
5.1
WE0*
am.,
SiU
1
c
0
Ot
Wi
ST
1
*l9Or
C m~
g~v
ma"
L
o
SSIh STE
Aftti~av
*An
Stg
Ro. 3. The intelligence terms and symbols used in Experiment V.
control condition was included. 'Mis condition consisted of 14 nonsense
symbols (nonsense code) to whic6i the unique concepts of both codes were
assigned. Ten subjects learned the 24-item military code and 14-item non.
sense code vith military concept responses. Ten more subjects learned the
intelligence code and the 14-item nonsense code with intelligence concepi
(
C60MT
VAWFTRI
rVURV
a*C¢AhV
S1*1G[
DEPO
M[OWWSS %
U;17S
ACM
WCOK"
I~iRCIO
MWICPA&.
3
AS (cLO
1
LM
ADAN
.
SIOSM
MWSIL
010006"
100up
Fia. 4. The military terms and symbols used in Experiment V.
a.
S1
&aV/i
tfI
dMIT-ICMr
EARLY
GIl
INICL
=
I
a0~
a
-=-
00'.Wa
*
imli (Memwabol)
Usm g.Th
HOI) end anla
Iu
131
(Nitl
sad m*p0i0I (Ilitsr" a
fa ExpeimenIt V.
tlUg e
,a
-.
qn-
CHS
n24uo-xLL AND
each sign in turn with one of the intelligence concepts. Signs were chos
to represent the extremes of stereotype values obtained in the earlier
studies; for each concept the sign ranked highest in applicability (high
stereotypy) and that ranked lowest (low stereotypy)' were used.
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1
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-~
..
m
"'Ad
in~ an
mm
132
ica
SYMBOL CODE
CONCEPT
AbreiatonSoviet
Nam
Nam...........Abbevaton
US Code
Pic tographic
Code
Code
ATR
Artillery.Thiit .....
(Arty)
Artillery Gun
(FA-Gun)
Self Propelled Gun
(SP-Gun)
Anti-Tank Gun
(AT-Gun)ijt
+
~
+I
AA
*
Anti-Aircraft Gun
(AA-Gun)
Anti-Aircraft Missile
(AA-MSL)
Artillery Missile
(FA-MSL)
Mortar
(Obne)
Machine Gun
(MG)+
Armored Personnel
(APC)
j
IA
C
Carrier
*
Mechanized Inf. Unit
(Mach Inf)MI
Helicopter
(Heli)
Airmobile Inf. Unit
(Airmo Inf)AM
Airborne Inf. Unit
(Airbru
*Motorized
Inf. Unit
(Inf)
Tank
(None)
Armor Unit
(Armor)
1.
mI)
i.1
A I
e
MTI
(Motor Inf)
Infantry Unit
FIGURE5
IV
1
-
L iA
The three 19-item symbol codes used in the experiment.
133
AU
0
Z,
cDcg
LLSS
Nb
c
oG
UU
0e%6df
domm
-
us
*
'see
uju@a
e.
@a
1
IV
t4
&U
doe
-
z
*
9
&
9
c
ft
134
9
,
**
*
o9.
Color association bimaJor category:
lue - Motorized
Violet - Tank
fT1i
Red - Artillery and Air Defense
White - Chemical
Green - Engineer
To give you a feel for what the
initial MICROFIX symbols will look like,
Multiple color association by type unit in
the following description is provided.
diamond figiue: ------ Atley
soi a r.
.
Artllery.
Symbology:
Red with Green base ---- Surface to
surface missile.
Violet --- Free Rockets
with
base
Red
over Ground (FROG).
Solid Green ----------- Engineer.
Green base with White -- River Crossing.
Solid White ----------- Chemical.
Solid Violet ---------- Anti Tank.
Violet base with White - Reconnaissance.
Shape represents the following:
Control
Combat Support
Headquarters or
Combat Units
or Combat Service
Support Units
Hierarchy is represented by size:
Symbols:
andBox.
Detailed
-- R FROMTlist
-----of Players
Large Blue
AR CA ------- Large Box. Blue base
wth Whte.
AR TK -------- Large Box, Violet base
with White.
DV AN ------- Medium Box, Blue base
with White.
DV MR -------- Medium Box, Blue.
DV K -------- edium Box, Violet.
RG ARTY-A
----
Large
Diamond,
Red.
Large Diamond, Red base
N SSM ------- with
Green.
Amy, Front
Division
Battalion
BD
RG
BN
RG
Regimnt,
Brigade
Battalion
opany
RG
RG
RG
RG
BN
BN
BN
BN
BN
BN
BN
BN
SN
CO
135
Large Diamond, Red base
with White.
ENGR ------ Large Diamond, Green.
PONBR ----- Large Diamond, Green
base with White.
CHEM-A ---- Large Diamond. White.
MR -------- Medium Box, Blue base
with White.
TK ------- Medium Box, Red.
ARTY-T---- Medium Box, Red.
ARTY-T ---- Medium Box, Red.
AAA ------ Medium Diamond. Red
base with White.
MRL ------- Medium Diamond, Red
base with Green.
FROG ---.-- Medium Diamond, Red
base with Violet.
AT-M ------ Medium Diamond, Violet.
RECN-T ---- Medium Diamond, Violet
base with White.
RECN-M ---- Medium Diamond, Violet
base with White.
ENGR ------ Medium Diamond, Green.
CHEM ------ M edium Diamond, White.
R -------- Small Box. Blue.
TK -------- Small Box, Violet.
AM ------- Small Diamond, Red base
with White.
Small Diamond, Red.
ARTY -----ANTK ------ *Small Diamond, Violet.
BD SAM-A
CO
CO
-----
