zuf'&,f '&,fjynf jynfaxmif axmifpkpkjref jrefrmEk rmEk dififiHiH tvkyfyform;Oya' orm;Oya' ¡rl=urf =urf;¢;¢ The Labour code of the Federal Union of Burma (DRAFT)
jrefrmEk rmEk difiiHif tvk t H vkyfyorm;or*~ o f rm;or*~rs rsm;tzG J @csKyf? Federation of Trade Unions – Burma (FTUB)
rmwdum um tcef;(1) ;(1) taxGaxG axGo k;oyf ;H oyfjcif jcif;
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General Provisions
tcef;(2) ;(2) tvkyfyform;opf orm;opf&S&mazG mS azGpkpaqmif kaqmif;jcif ;jcif;eS ;eS hifif tvkyfyfcef cef @tyfae&mcs ae&mcsxm;jcif; Recruitment and placement of workers
tcef;(3) ;(3) tvkyfyfoif oifrs rsm;uk d tvk tvkyfyay;jcif fay;jcif;/;/ avhvmol vmolrs rsm;eS hifivk v f yfyk fief ief;cG ;cGifi tvk f tvkyfyfoif oifrs rsm; Training and employment of Apprentices, Learners and Interns
tcef;(4) ;(4) ted hrfrqH q f kH;tvk ;tvkyfyorm;owf form;owfrSrSwf wcscf surs frsm; Minimum Labour Standards
jrefrmEk rmEk difiiHif tvk t H vkyfyorm;or*~ o f rm;or*~rs rsm;tzG J @csKyf? Federation of Trade Unions – Burma (FTUB)
tcef;(5) ;(5) trsKd;orD ;orD;/;/ uav;ES hifif txl txl;twef ;twef;tpm;0if ;tpm;0if tvkyfyform;wk orm;wk d @E hSifif ywf ywfouf oufaom vk dtyf tyfcscsurs frsm;ES fihitumtuG t h umtuG,f ,ay;xm;jcif af y;xm;jcif;
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Requirements Requirements Protections related to Gender, Childhood and Special Categories of Workers
tcef;(6) ;(6) or*~ JzGz @G pnf;jcif ;jcif;ES ;ES hifi pk f pkayg aygif;aph ;aphpyf pyf!S ! d _EdES difi;jcif ;f jcif;/;/ Union Formation and Collective Bargaining
jrefrmEk rmEk difiiHif tvk t H vkyfyorm;or*~ o f rm;or*~rs rsm;tzG J @csKyf? Federation of Trade Unions – Burma (FTUB)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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rl=urf; (DRAFT) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpjk refrmEd kiif /H tvkyo f rm; Oya' (rsm;) tcef;(1) taxGaxGo k;H oyfjcif; THE LABOR CODE OF THE FEDERAL UNION OF BURMA CHAPTER (1) GENURAL PROVISIATION
yk'fr (1) tyd k'(f 1)§yk'rf (1)- TtufOya'ud k “z,f'&,fjynfaxmifpjk refrmEk diif . H tvkyo f rm; Oya'” (Oya'yk'rf rsm;) [lIud k;um;&nf!$e;f az:jy+yD; ,QKrSpI aemifwiG “f the code” “Oya'æ”[kom&nf !$e;f ac:qd kygv hdrrf nf? yk'fr(2) T“Oya'”onf &m;0ifxw k jf yefa=ujim+yD;(----)vaemufy kid ;f wGi f tusKd;oufa&muf twnfjzpfv hrd rf nf? yk'fr (3) T“Oya'”onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk (Federal Union-FU) . JzG @pnf;tkycf sKyfy kH tajccHOya' tcef;(-) yk'rf —tcef; (--) yk'rf --wd k @wiG cf kdirf mpGm xnf hoiG ;f xm;aom t"du JzG @pnf;yH k Oya'yg rl0g'rsm;. wd k;wuf¶iS o f efaeaomf ¶Si;f vif;zG hiq f kdcsu f jzpfv hrd f rnf? ,if;od k @ avsmn f DpmG Tae&mY az:jyonf h ta=umif;tcsufrmS wnfqEJ hiS f tem *wfumvwGi f jzpfay:vmrnf h tvkyo f rm;rsm;. tcG hit f a&;rsm;ES hi f ygwo f wfaom urBm huv k or*~ (UN) tjynfjynfq kid &f mtvkyo f rm;tzG J @csKyf (ILO) wnfqEJ hiS f tem*gwu f mvwGi f jzpfay:vmrnf h ILO . jyXmef;csurf sm;/ qH k;jzwfcsufrsm;ES hi f tajc
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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cH oabmw&m;rsm;tygt0if (od k @r[kwf) Federal Union (FU) rS yg0ifv hdrrf nf h tjynfjynfq kid &f m tzG J @tpnf;wd k @r S w&m;0ifxw k jf yef a=unmxm;aom tjynfjynf qd ki&f m vrf;n$ecf suw f k @d onf T “Oya'”. tpdwt f yd ki;f tjzpf owfrw S v f hdrrf nf? Tae&mwGif wckwnf;tjzpf aygi;f pyfxm;a=umif; &nfn$e;f onf[k jcGi;f csurf d&S ,H k=unf ,lqonf? tjynfjynfq kid &f mvrf;n$ecf surf sm;ud k avsmfueftyfpyfaom udp&P yftm;vH k; wd k @wGif wd ku d&f u k ftoH k;jyKEk di&f rnf? FU ES fih States tpd k;&ES hi f w&m;¶H k;rsm;rS w&m;qG J qd kjcif; trludpt P &yf&yfw k @d tygt0ifwGi f jrefrmhOya'tjzpf cd kirf mpGmvd kuef map&rnf? xd k @jyif FU ES fi h States wd k @. w&m;¶k H;rsm;onf tvkyo f rm;rsm;. tcG hit f a&;rsm;ES hif ywfowfaom tjynfjynfq kid f&m "avhx kH;wrf; Oya'ud k todtrSwfjyK+yD; vufc H us hif oH k;&vd hrrf nf? T “Oya'”. &nf&G,cf sufrmS tajccHtvkyo f rm; vrf;n$ecf surf sm;ud k tcd kit f rmxlaxmif&ef/ taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&u G f&efE hiS f Oya'pnf;urf; wus twd ki;f vd kufemap&ef tvkyo f rm;rsm;.tcG hit f a&;rsm;t& ud k,yf kid t f yk fcsKyfc hGi df¶Saom 'Dr ku d a&pD us hio f k;H onf h tvkyo f rm;or*~w k @d E hiS f yl;aygi;f qufq dEH ik &f ef pkaygi;f Ivkyu f kdif aphpyf nS d dEi_ ;f ajymqd k&mY yg0ifaqmif&Gu&f efwenf;wzH ktm;jzif h vkyt f m;cudp/P tvkyv f ky&f onf htcsde f / tvkyv f ky&f onf h tajc taeES hi f vkyif ef;cGiv f kHjcHKrlponf h udpt P m;vH k;wd k @E hiS f ygwfowfjyD; xda&mufpmG xkwfazmf ajymqd k dEik cf hGif&&ef - vlrsK;d /tom;ta&mif/ vlrsK;d EG,/f vdi/f bmompum;/ ud k;uG,o f nf h bmom/ ,H k}unfcsu/f Zmwd/ tdraf xmif d&§S r&S d ud k,0f efaqmifjcif;ES hif ywfowfaomtajctae/ touft&G,f/ od k @r[kwf vdiu f pd EP hiS yf wfowfaom tajctaewd k @wGif JcGjcm;jcif; r&S dap&bJ /tvkyv f kyyf kid cf hiG fE hSif tvkyaf &G;yd kifc hGiu f kd &&S d cHpm;Ek diaf p&ef (oif hw hif avsmufywfjyD;) use;f rma&;ES hif vH kjcHKa&; wd k @u kd &&S dapaom vkyif ef;cGi f ywf0ef;usi f tajctaersm; &&S dap&efw k @d jzpfonf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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yk'rf (4) T “Oya' ”yg tcsut f vufrsm;ud k vufawG @taumiftxnfaz:&mY vnf;aumif;/ t"dy g` ,fz hiG q f k&d m vnf;aumif;/ pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;ud k us hifo k;H &mY vnf;aumif;/ ,H krmS ;oHo,jzpfp&mrsm;&S d hcaJ omf TwGiaf z:jyjyD;aom tajccH Jz @G pnf;yH kEiS f h jyXmef;xm; aom Oya'ES hif rl0g'rsm;ud k (taxmuftuljyK jrS hiw f ifay;jcif;jzif h) vnf;aumif;/ xda&mufI tcsde Drf aS qmif&u G dEf ik af om tvkyo f rm;wd k @. tcG hit f a&;rsm;ES hif pkaygi;f ta&;.qd kjcif;/ tvkyo f rm;. xkwfazmfajymqd koHw k @d . vky dEf ik pf Gr;f aom tzG J @tpnf; rsm;ES hief nf;vrf;rsm;ud k apmif ha&Smuftm;ay;jcif;jzif h vnf;aumif; ajyvnf&Si;f vif; oGm;ap&ef ajz&Si;f ay;&vd hrrf nf? yk'rf (5) tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;XmeES hif tkycf sKyfa&;wm0efE hiS f T “Oya'”ud kv ku d femap&ef wm0ef,x l m;&aom tpd k;&&H k;tzG J @rsm; (od k @r[kw)f tpdwftyd ki;f Xmersm;wd k @onf tcsde Drf v S kdtyfI us hifo k;H aeaom pnf;urf; pnf;rsO;f rsm;ud k w&m;0if a=unmay;& vd hrrf nf? T Oya'ud k vd kuef m=uap&efq kad omtyd ki;f rS &Si;f vif;az:jyxm;ouJ ho k @d jyKjyifay;&ayrnf? yk'rf (6) T “Oya'”yg tvkyo f rm;wd k @twGu f oabmwlc hiG jf yKxm;aom tcG hit f a&;&yd kicf hiG f tm;vH k;ES hi f tusK;d cHpm;cG hiw f k @d onf twwfynmoifrsm;/ ynmavhvmolrsm;/ tvkyf oifrsm;[lI Tae&mY wenf;wzH ktm;jzif h wduspmG owfrw S fjyXmef;xm;onf h olrsm; rS wyg; pd kufysK;d vkyo f m;/ tdrw f Gi;f vkyo f m;/ tdraf xmifpv k yk o f m;rsm;ES hif vdiv f kyif ef; vky=f uolrsm; tygt0if tm;vH k;aom tvkyo f rm;wd k @twGuf wlnDpmG &nfne$ ;f us hif oH k;&vd hrrf nf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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yk'rf (7) trsK;d om;wd k @xkwaf zmfajymqd koo H nf ,ckrpS I a&S @avsmuf trsK;d oR D;wf d k @ xkwfazmf ajymqd koH[k t"dy g` ,fz hiG jf yD; oif havsmfaom tcgwGif ruG Jjym;bJ woabm woH[lI ,lq&vd hrrf nf? yk'rf (8) (rl=urf;jyD;qH k;oGm;jyDjzpfI oufq kid &f m t"dy g` ,zf hiG q f kcd sufrsm;ud k awG @ d&S&rnfjzpfygonf?) tcef;(2) tvkyo f rm;opfrsm;&SmazGjcif;ES hi f tvkycf ef @tyfae&mcsxm;jcif; Chapter (2) RECRUITMENT AND PLACEMANT OF WORKERS
yk'rf (9) It is the policy of the Federation Union zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp(k ���. rl0g'jzpfonf? (u)vltrsm;qk H;tvkyt f ud kif& S&d&ef vlxk.0,f,t l m;ES hif [efcsufnDaom pD;yGm;a&; HzG @jzdK;wd k;wufrw l k @d u k d aumif;rGew f kd;wufjyD;aom vlt&if;tiftm;ud k oif=um;avhvm ay;jcif;ES hi f toH k;csjcif;rS wqif hjrS hiw f ifay;&ef? (c) (FU) twGi;f (od k @r[kw)f wd ki;f wyg;wd k @Y tvkyu f kdiv f kad om ol§olrwd k @twGuf taumif;qH k;vkyif ef; pnf;urf;csurf sm;ES hif vkyif ef;cGiftajctaewd k @u kd &,lay;jyD; jynfwGi;f jynfy tvkyt f ud kifw k @d wiG f tvkyo f rm;topfrsm;ES hi f ygwo f wfjyD; zd dEyS f vkyaf qmifavh d&o S nfw k @d u kd &Sif;vif;z,f&mS ;ay;um jrefrmwd ki;f &if;om;wd ki;f ud kumuG,f ay;&ef? (*) tvky&f mS azGaeolrsm;twGu f &&S d dEik af omtvkyt f ud kiu f kd vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,fvkyf yd kicf hiG f d&Sapzd k @ taxmuftulay;&ef?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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(C) tvkyo f rm;rsm; v_y&f mS ;rlu kd ‚if;wd k @.tusK;d aus;Zl;twGuf pnf;urf;owfrw S f xde;f csKyfay;&ef ? (i) a&$ @ajymif;vkyo f m;rsm;. tvkyt f ud kiu f kd pnf;urf;owfrw S fxed ;f csKyfay;&ef? yk'rf (10) Definitions; t"dy g` ,fz hiG q f k&d Si;f vif;azmfjycsufrsm;// (u) “tvkyo f rm;”[laom a0g[m&toH k;tE_ H;onf tvkyv f uf d&S jzpfap (od k @r[kwf) tvkyv f ufr @J jzpfapES hif tvkyt f ud ki&f d&S&ef avsSmufxm;olw kid ;f (od k @r[kwf) tvkyo f rm;opftjzpf tvky&f d&So/l tvkyo f rm;xk0if rnfo @l u krd qd k &nfne$ ;f ap&vd hrrf nf? (c) “tvkyo f rm;opfrsm;&SmazGjcif;ESifh tvkycf ef @tyfae&mcsxm;jcif;”qd konf h toH k; tE_ H;. &nfne$ ;f qd kv kdonfrmS tvkyt f ud kiEf iS fh ywfowfI rnfonf h vkyaf qmif csurf qd k aoG;aqmifjrLqG,jf cif;/ trnfpm&if;xnf hoiG ;f jcif; oabmwlpmcsKyf csKyfay; jcif;/ yd k @aqmifay;jcif;/ toH k;jyKjcif;/ iSm;&rf;jcif;/ (od k @r[kw)f tvkyo f rm;&&S d&ef }udK;yrf; &SmazGjcif;wd k @jzpfonf? ‚if;tjyif tjrwftpGe;f &&S d&ef (od k @r[kw)f rjrwfr,lbJ jynfwGi;f ES hijf ynfywd k @wiG f tvkyt f ud ki&f d&S dEik o f nf[k *wday;jcif; (od k @r[kw)f a=umfjim ay;jcif;jyKvkyaf y;onf hvrf;n$ejf yolrsm;/ uefx d&ku f tusKd;aqmifvyk if ef; wd k @yg0ifonf? vly d*k K~ vfwOD;OD;rS rnfonf henf;jzih frqd k tjcm;ol(2) OD;ES hi f txufvrl sm;ud k tvkyf tud ki&f d&S&eftwGuf tca}u;aiG,ljyD; aqmif&Guaf y;rnf[k uwday; ajymqd k jyKvky hcf J vsiS f ‚if;tm; “tvkyo f rm; opfrsm;&SmazGjcif; ES hif tvkycf ef @tyfae&mcsxm;jcif; ” vkyif ef;wGi f aqmif&Guaf eonf[k ,lq&ayvd hrrf nf? (*) “yk*v ~ duyd kif tvkyftud ki&f SmazGa&; ud k,fpm;vS,&f kH;vkyif ef; ”qd konfrmS tca=u;aiG,o l nf jzpfap r,lonfjzpfap jrefrm (od k @r[kw)f jyify tvkyt f ud kif twGuf “tvkyo f rm;opf &SmazGjcif;ESifh tvkycf ef @ tyfae&mcsxm;jcif;” tvkyf orm;opf &SmazGjcif;ES hif tvkycf ef @tyfae&mcsxm;jcif; wGiaf qmif&u G f vkyu f kdiaf eaom rnf honf h vl/ yk d*K~ vf/ vkyif ef; od k @r[kwf �������� jzpfonf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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(C) “vd kipf if” qd konfrmS tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;Xme rSaeI “yk*v ~ u d tvkyt f ud kif &SmazGa&;ud k,fpm;vS,f ” vkyif ef;ud k vkyu f kdiaf qmif&Gu dEf ik fc hGi f w&m;0ifay;xm; aom cG hijf yKcsujf zpfonf? (i) “oabFmom;”qf d konfrmS yifv,fa&a=umif; oGm;vmaeaom oabFmay:wGif tvkyv f yk u f kdi&f olu k d qd kv ko d nf? (p) “jyifytvkyt f ud ki”f od k @r[kwf “Ed kiif jH cm;tvkyt f ud kif ” qd konfrmS zuf'&,f jynfaxmifp k (FU) jyifywGifv fky&f aom tvkyt f ud ki f ud kq kv d ko d nf? (q) “Ed kiif jH cm;Y oGm;a&muftajcpd kufaexd kio f l ”qd konfrmS tvkyo f rm; (od k @r[kw)f tjcm;olwOD;OD;rS Ed kiif jH cm;rS a&$ @ajymif;vmoltaejzif h jynf0ifc hGif&aoma}umif h vnf;aumif; (od k @r[kw)f ‚if;uJ ho k @d wlnDaom cG hijf yKcsuu f kd a&$ @ajymif;vmrnf h Ed kiif rH S &&d SjyD; jynfyY tajcpd kuaf exd kio f ljzpfonf? yk'rf (11) Employment promotion: tvkyt f ud ki f wd k;wufjrS hiw f ifay;jcif; T “Oya'” abmiftwGi;f ES hif tjcm;aom oufq kid &f m Oya'rsm;ES hif pnf;rsO;f rsm;t& tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;wGi f =oZm tm%m S&d&vd hrrf nf/ (u) tvky&f mS azGaeolrsm;wd k @twGuf &&d SE kid af om tvkyrf sm;owif;ay;&efE hiS f tvkyf tvG,fwul& S&dap&ef tvkyt f ud ki&f SmazGa&;&H k;rsm;ud k zG hiv f pS w f nfaxmifay;&ef? (c) jynfwGi;f tjcm;a'orsm;Yvnf;aumif;/ jynfyYvnf;aumif;/ tvky&f S&dE kid o f nf h tcG hit f vrf; S&da=umif;ud k oufq kid &f m tvkyt f ud ki&f SmazGa&;&H k;Y rSwfy kw H ifpm&if;oGi;f xm;aom tvkyaf v#muforl sm;tm; owif;ay;yd k @E kid &f ef “tvkyt f wGu f axmufcH csuaf y;jcif;ES hi f owif;ay;ta=umif;=um;onf h pepf”ud k Ed kiif w H 0Sr;f vH k;wGif wnf axmifE kid &f ef? (*) tvkyEf hiS f ywfoufYvnf;aumif;/ pufrv _ kyif ef;ES hif ywfoufYvnf;aumif/ wd ki;f jynf. yx0Dtae txm;&vnf;aumif; tvkyo f rm;rsm;onf rdrw d k @d }udKuf&mud k tcuftcJr S&d a&G;cs,Ef kid cf hiG f&&efE hiS f tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm; wae&mrS wae&mod k @ a&$ @ajymif;aexd ki&f mY ulnaD xmuf hyaH y;&ef vkyif ef;pOfwck JzG @pnf; jzpfxeG ;f vmap&ef?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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(C) rnfonf hy*k K~ v d f/ tzG J @tpnf;/ tpnf;t&H k;(od k @r[kwf) Xmeud krqd k tvkyt f ud kiEf iS fh ygwo f ufaomowif;ud k vk d tyfovd k wifjyay;zk d @ awmif;qd k&ef? yk'rf (12) Bureau of Employment Services: tvk f ud ki&f SmazGay;a&;0efaqmifr_Xme? tv kyt (u)
a.
tvkyt f ud ki&f SmazGay;a&;0efaqmifrX_ meud k tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;XmetwGi;f Y wnfaxmifv hrd rf nf? xd kro S mv#if yk'rf (11)wGi f =oZmtm%m tyfEiS ;f xm; +yD;jzpfaom vkyif ef;pOfrsm;ud k yd kr kd xda&mufatmifjrifap&ef aqmif&GuEf kid f rnf? ‚if;0efaqmifrX_ mewGiv f nf; vkyyf kid cf hGiftm%mES hi f wm0ef S&d&vd hrrf nf? a.1.jynfwi G ;f jynfytvkyt f ud kit f wGuf tvkyo f rm;opfrsm; pkaqmif;jcif;/ ae&mcsxm;jcif;wd k @u kd vkyu f kid &f mwGif yk*v ~ u d tcef;u¾ tpdwftyd ki;f rS yg 0ifqif $ErJ u _ kd rSwyf kw H if/ pm&if;oGi;f / xde;f odr;f ay;jcif;ESifh vkyyf kid fc hGiv f dkipf if xkwfay;r_pepfu kd pnf;urf;Oya't& xde;f csKyfay;jcif;jyK&efE hSif cH0efcsKyfjzif hvkyf ud kiaf om jrefrmtvkyo f rm;wd k @twGuf tvkyt f ud kiEf hiS f ygwo f ufaom t aumif;qH k; pnf;urf;csurf sm;ES hi f tajccHv kt d yfcsurf sm;ud k&,lay;&ef? a.2.jrefrmEd kii fo H m;a&$ @ajymif;tvkyo f rm;rsm;ud k apmif ha&SmufumuG, f ay;&ef (FU). Ed kii f jH cm;a&; 0ef}uD;&H k;/ oH& kH;rsm;ES hi f aumifppf0ef& kH;rsm;wd k @E hiS f wufnv D ufn D - oabmwlnpD mG vkyu f kdi f aqmif&Gu&f ef –
rSwfcsuf?
? "Overseas" “yifv,f&yfjcm;” qd kaom &nf!Ge;f csurf sm;ud k ajymif;vJay;&efE hiS f “abroad” Ed kiif jH cm; (od k @r[kw)f “jrefrma&$ @ ajymif;tvkyo f rm;rsm;” [laom toH k;tE_e;f wd k @jzif h tpm;xk d;oH k; &ef?
jrefrma&$ @ajymif;tvkyo f rm;rsm;/ oabFmom;rsm; tygt0ifE hiS yf wfouf +yD; w&m;Oya't& (od k @r[kw)f yËd^mOfYoabmwlpmcsKyfygawmif;qd kc hiG rf sm; tay:wGi f T (AsL&d k) XmewGi f rlvtp w&m; pD&ify kid cf hGi df&S&vd hrrf nf? ‚if; b.
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -8
aemuf awmif;qd ky kid cf hiG rf sm;tm;vH k;ud k tcsuftvufrsm;ay: rlwnf+yD; Oya' t& pnf;urf;vd kuef map&ef jyKvkyv f hrd rf nf? tcsuftvufrsm;ES hi f w&m; Oya' wd k @u kd oif havsmpf mG JcGjcrf;pdwfjzm avhvmoH k;oyf+yD;aemuf ay;qyf&ef aiG S& hdcaJ omf az:jy+yD;v#i f oif hw hifaom ouf!Smonf h trde @f rsm;ES hi f *wdpmcsKyf rsm;ud k jyifqif hyyH kd;ay;I T (AsL&d k)rS tcsde Drf S qH k;jzwfcsuEf hiS f trde @f xkwfjyef ay;vd hrrf nf? ‚if;onf w&m;pD&ifcsufE hiS f w&m;&H k;trde @f w k @d u ho J k @d xd a&muf aom tusKd; S&d&apvd hrrf nf? rnfonf hq k;H jzwfcsufE hiS t f rde @f u krd qd k xd a&muf aom vd kuef mr_ S&ad p&ef (AsL&d k)ES hi f awmif;qd kolw k @d onf awmif;cHE kdiv f hrd f rnf? (AsL&d k). qH k;jzwfcsufrsm;ES hif trde @f rsm;wd k @tay: t,lc0H ifE kid v f hdrrf nf? oif h avsmaf omf w&m;&H k;Y tkycf sKyfa&;yd ki;f qd ki&f m at*sifprD sm;/ &H k;rsm;wGif t,lcH 0if&jcif;ta=umif;wd k @E hiS f ud kun f yD gonfq kad om ta=umif;jycsujf zif h t,lcH 0ifE kid v f hdrrf nf? jrefrma&$ @ajymif;vkyo f m;wOD;. rnfonf hy kid cf hGif awmif;qd kjcif;ud krqd k oif h avsmaf om ‚if;.yd kicf iG fu h kd wifjy+yD;aemuf (-)&ufowWygwftwGi;f (AsL&d k) rS p wif ta&;,laqmif&u G fay;&ef ysuu f u G hfcaJ omf ‚if;awmif;qd kol (od k @r[kwf) ‚if;. ud k,fpm;vS,o f nf T“Oya'” yg Oya'vd kuef map&ef tyd k' f wd k @u kd ud k; um;I w&m;pG Jq kEd kid af yrnf? xd ko k @d tm;jzif h (AsL&d k) . w&m;pD&ify kid cf hGif&yfpaJ p vd hrrf nf? (AsL&d k)onf (FU) . oH& kH;rsm;ES hi f aumifppf0ef& kH;rsm;wd k @E hiS f !d S _Eid ;f +yD;v#if &yd kicf hiG rf sm;ud k wifjy&efae&mrsm;ES hif enf;vrf;rsm;ud k !$ejf ya=umfjim ay;vd hrf rnf? xd k @jyif (AsL&d k) onf jynfwiG ;f Y rus hifo kH;Ed kiaf om jynfy S&d jrefrm w&m;&H k;rsm;. pD&ifcsurf sm;ES hif trde @f rsm;ud ku h sio f k;H &ef awmif;cH tm;xkwf vd hrrf nf? Ttyd k'u f kd taumiftxnfaz:&ef rnfonf hysuu f u G fjcif;rsKd;ud krqd k “Oya'” . Oya'vd kuef m ap&ef tyd k'rf sm;ud k ud k;um;I jyKjyifo kH;oyfE kid o f nf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -9
tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;onf (AsL&d k). axmufccH suu f kdtajccHaomE_e;f xm;jcif; tca=u;aiGu kd pnf;=uyfjcif;ES hi f aumufcjH cif; tm%m&d Sv hrd rf nf? ‚iftca=u; aiGrsm;tm; (AsL&d k). &nfreS ;f csurf sm;ud k wd k;jrS hiaf y;&eftwGuf “taxGaxG&efy kH aiG” tjzpf txl;aiGpm&if;t& Ed kiif aH wmfb¾ aiGw kduYf tyf SE&H ayrnf? c.
yk'fr (13) Private recruitment: yk*v ~ du tvkyo f rm;opf &SmazGpak qmif;jcif;? T --- wGiaf z:jyxm;aom --- rSwyg; rnfonf hy d*k K~ vf (od k @r[kw)f Entrity rqd k jynfo @l tvkyo f rm;a&;&m &H k;rSm;rSv JI G tvkyo f rm;opfrsm; &SmazGpak qmif; jcif;ES hi f ae&mcsxm;jcif;wd k @u kd vkyu f kid jf cif;rjyK&? tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;XmerS xkwfjyef xm;aom pnf;urf;enf;vrf;rsm;t&ES hif tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;XmerS xkwfay;aom vd kipf ifc hiG jf yKcsuf& S&d+yD;rSom yk*v ~ du tvkyftud ki f (at*sipf )D rsm;/ ud k,fpm;vS,f tzG J @rsm;wd k @onf jynfwiG ;f ES hifjynfywd k @wGiftvkyo f rm;opf &SmazG jcif;ES hi f ae&mcs xm;jcif; tvkyu f kdyg0ifvkyaf qmifE kid rf nf? tvkyt f ud ki! f $e=f um;ay;aom&H k;rsm; (od k @r[kwf) oabFmom;opf&SmazGa&;&H k;rsm; (od k @r[kwf) tvkyo f rm;or*~. w&m;pD&ify kid ef ,fajrwGi;f S&dtjcm;tvkyo f rm;&H k; rsm;ES hif pkaygi;f !d S _Eid ;f awmif;qd kr _ oabmwlnDcsuf& S&dap&eftvkyo f rm;or*~rS }udK;yrf;vkyaf qmifaom&H k;rsm; (od k @r[kw)f tvkyo f rm;or*~. JzG @pnf;tkycf sKyfy kH tajccHOya'wd k @onf Ttyd ki;f yg vk dipf ifc hiG jf yKcsuf&a&; vd ktyfcsurf sm;twGi;f t}uHK; yg0ifjcif;r&d S&ay? od k @aomfjim;vJ TwGi&f Si;f vif;wifjyxnf hoGi;f xm;aom owfrw S cf surf sm; w&m;r0ifawmha=umif; a=ujimEd kijf cif;rsm;ES hi f jypf'g%rf sm;wd k @u kd txufaz:jyyg& k;H rsm;ay:wGif toH k;jyKEd kifv hrd rf nf? xd k @jyif ‚if;&H k;rsm;ES hiyf wfoufI TwGif &Si;f vif;wifjy xnf hoiG ;f xm;aom pnf;urf;owfrw S fE kid jf cif;ES hi f tjcm; tm%mrsm;rSm 0ef}uD;&H k;Y S&d&ayvd hrrf nf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -10
yk'fr (14) Ban on direct hiring: wd kuf& ku d ftca=u;aiGay;I iS g;&rf;jcif;ud k ydwyf ifwm;jrpfjcif;? (AsL&d k) rSwqif h iS g;jcif;rSwyg; rnfonf htvky&f Sirf S jrefrmEd kiif o H m;wOD;tm; yifv,f &yfjcm;wGif tvkyv f yk &f ef iS g;&rf;jcif;rjyK& (od k @r[kw)f atmufwiG cf iG fjh yKxm;aom oHwref tzG J @0ifrsm;ES hi f tjynfjynfq kid &f m tzG J @tpnf;0ifrsm;jzpf hcv J #i f jrefrmtvkyf orm;rsm;ud k wk du&f kdut f ca=u;aiGay;I iS g;&rf; dEkio f nf? aiGa=u;jrif hrm;pGm oH k;xm; ay;&aom ynmonfrsm;ES hif todynm&Sif tvkyo f rm;ud k aiGa=u;ay;IiS g;&rf;jcif;ud k TOya'rS uif;vwfc hiG jf yK&vd hrrf nf? yk'fr (15) Travel agencies: c&D;oGm;vkyif ef;at*sipf rD sm; ava=umif;ukr% ` rD sm;rS c&D;oGm;vkyif ef;at*sipf rD sm;ES hi f ta&mif;at*sipf rD sm;tm; yifv,f&yfjcm;wd ki;f wyg;twGuf aiGa=u; tjrwftpGe;f &onfjzpfap r&onfjzpfap tvkyo f rm;opfrsm;&SmazGpak qmif;jcif;ES hi f ae&mcsxm;a&;vkyif ef; rvkyu f kdi&f ef wm; jrpfyw d fyifxm;onf? yk'fr (16) rnfonf hy*k v ~ du at*sifprD qd k vkyif ef;aqmif&GuEf kid &f ef tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;rS xkwjf yef aom pnf;urf;enf;vrf;rsm;txJwGi f at*sipf yD kid &f Sifrsm;ES hit f vkyo f rm;wd k @. cd kirf m vH kavmufaom rnfolrnf0gjzpfa=umif; az:jy&eftwGu/f vkyif ef;twGuf&if; DES;rwnf aiGu kd vH kavmufpmG az:jyef&eftwGuf aemufct H wdw&f mZ0ifu kd oif havsmo f vd k pH kprf; ppfaq;&eftwGufE hiS f oif havsmfaom uwdpmcsKyfrsm;twGuf owfrw S fay;&vd hrrf nf? pnf;urf;enf;vrf;rsm;wGi f yg0ifaomowfrw S cf surf sm;ES hif vH kavmufpmG ud kun f Daom at*sipf rD sm;omv#i f vd kipf ifc hGifjyKcsu&f ayvd hrrf nf? &mZ0ifrt _ wGu f jypf'g%pf &D ifjcif;cH &ol (od k @r[kwf) T “Oya'” ud k ,cifu csLd;azgub f ;l a=umif; rSww f rf; S&dol yd kiq f kid f aom (od k @r[kwf) tvkyo f rm; cef @xm;aom rnfonf hat*sipf u D kdrS vd kipf ifvkycf hGif xkwaf y;vd hrrf nfr[kw?f
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -11
yk'fr (17) T Oya'abmiftwGi;f rSxkwfay;aom cG hijf yKcsu&f vd kipf ifu kd xkwfay;cH&olrt S y rnf olwOD;rS wd ku&f ku d f aomfvnf;aumif; oG, d0f u k I f aomfvnf;aumif; roH k;&? vd kipf if wGiaf z:jyxm;aomae&mrS vG JI tjcm;rnfonf hae&mYrSroH k;&? rnfow l OD;wa,muf (od k @r[kwf) Entirety od k @ vd kipf if $ vaJ jymif;jcif;rjyK&? tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;XmerS o abmwlnDcsuf& S&d+yD;rSomv#if tvkyXf mevdypf majymif;vJjcif;/ vd kipf if&+yD;rS xyf avmif;I tvkyo f rm;rsm;cef @xm;jcif; (od k @r[kw)f rnfonf hae&mYrqd k &H k;rsm; wd k;cs @J z hGiv f Spjf cif;wd k @u kd jyKvkyEf kid rf nf? yk'fr (18) vd kipf ifc hiG jf yKcsuf (od k @r[kwf) vkyyf kid fc hGi&f S&dE kid &f ef av#mufxm;olrsm;tm;vH k; rSwfy kw H if pm&if;oGi;f a=ujimvd hrrf nf? yk'rf (19) yk*v ~ duyd kif tvkyt f ud ki&f SmazGay;aom at*sipf . D aqmif&Guaf y;jcif;ud k vufco H kH; aomol rnfolrqd ktm; ‚if;at*sipf . D }udK;yrf;r_jzifh tvky&f S&d+yD;trSew f u,f tvkyf pwif0ifa&mufrvky&f rjcif; tusKd;aqmif tca=u;aiGawmif;cHjcif;rvky&f ? TuJ ho k @d aom oabmwlpmcsKyfrsm;tjzpf oH k; dEki&f ef0ef}uD;Xme. txuftrde @f yg pmyd k'rf sm;tm; vH k;yg0if+yD; oabmwlpmcsKyfygtwd ki;f aqmif&Guf+yD;jcif;rSwyg; tca=u;aiGrawmif;cH&? tvkyo f rm;tm; at*sifprD aS iGvufc&H S&d+yD;jzpfa=umif; xif&mS ;pGma&;om;xm;aom aiGaygi;f rnfIrnfr#[o l nf h aiGajypm jzwf dyik ;f ud k xkwfay;&vd hrrf nf? xd kaiG&ajypm rdwWLwpH ku kd a&$ @ajymif;vkyo f m;tm; awmif;cH hcaJ om tca=u;aiGE hiS f ywfoufI rqd ki;f rwG (AsL&d k) od k @y k @d ay;&rnf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -12
yk'fr (20) tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;Xmeonf cG hijf yKEd kiaf omtca=u;aiGZ,m; ‚if;aiGa=u;onf rnf onf hta=umif;a=umif h rS vkycf aiG. --µ xufrausmv f eG &f [lI trsm;odap&ef w&m; 0ifa=ujimvd frrh nf? xd k @tjyif ‚if;uJ ho k @d aom tabmwlpmcsKyftwGuf yH kpH pm&GuEf hiS f tcsuftvufyg pmyd k'rf sm;tpH ku kyd g a=ujimvd hrrf nf? a&$ @ajymif; tvkyf orm;rsm;udpw P iG f xGucf mG rnf h tvkyo f rm;twGuf tvky&f Sirf S vufrw S x f k;d xm;+yD; tumtuG,f ay;xm;aom atmufygtcsut f vufrsm;yg 0ef}uD;XmerS vufcx H m; aom yH kppH m&Guw f Gif tvkyt f ud kiEf hiS fygwfoufaom oabmwlpmcsKyfu kd yk*v ~ dut vkyt f ud kiaf t*sipf rD S &,lay;&rnf? tumtuG,af y;xm;aom &Si;f vif;az:jycsuf wd k @rmS – 1? ay;rnf hvyk cf aiG/ ykwfjywfvyk cf _EH;/ aumfr&Si;f c/ o'N ga=u;(abmufq;l ) ES hif tyd kay;abmewf qkaiGE hiS f y&Dr, D Hay;oGi;f &aiG tm;vk H;wd k @tygt0if ‚if;wd k @u kd tvkycf iG S&f d&mt&yf. w&m;pD&if yd kief ,fajrYus hio f k;H aom “vkycf ES hif tvkyf csed o f wfrw S fOya'rsm;”yg _EH;xm;xufrenf; owfrw S af y;ap&ef[al om &Si;f vif; az:jycsuf? 2? c&D;p&dwf/ wnf;cd k/ pmaomufp&dwfE hiS f vkycf xJrS E_wf,rl nf h tjcm;aom ukeu f sp&dwf (od k @r[kw)f rnfonf henf;ES hirf qd k tvkyo f rm;xHr S jyefvnf awmif;,lrnf h p&dwfaiG[al om &Si;f vif;az:jycsu?f 3? tusKd;cHpm;cG hiaf y;xm;or# usef;rma&;twGufwm0efco H k;H JpGay;jcif; (‚if;ud k jynfytvkyt f ud ki f pmcsKyfrsm; wGix f nf hoiG ;f &vd hrrf nf) ponfw k @d u kd &Si;f vif; az:jycsu?f 4? rnfo @l bufr S c&D;oGm;ukeu f sp&dwt f wGu f wm0ef S&da=umif;ES fi h emruse;f I aomfvnf;aumif; (od k @r[kw)f ta&;ay:udp P jzpfay:vmIaomfvnf;aumif; trdE kid if o H k @d jyefy k @d ay;&v#i f tvky&f Sizf ufr S wm0ef,&l ef S&donf[laom tmrcH csut f ygt0ifw k @d u k d &Si;f vif;az:jycsu?f 5? tvky&f SiEf hiS t f jiif;tcH kjzpfv#i f =um;aetzG J @rw S qif h rnfonf henf;vrf;jzif h ajyvnfap&ef &Si;f vif;rnfq ko d nfu k d wduspmG az:jy&ef?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -13
6? teD;uyfq kH; S&d jrefrmoH& kH;§aumifppf0ef& kH;ud kqufo, G f&efrnfonf henf; vrf; S&donf ud k &Sif;vif;pGm az:jy&ef? a&$ @ajymif;tvkyo f rm; rxGucf mG rD oabmwlpmcsKyfu kdjynf hp kpH mG jznf hpu G f+yD;ay;&efE hiS f rdwWLwpH ku kd rqd ki;f rwGb J (AsL&d k)od k @ ay;yd k @&rnf? jynfytvkyt f ud kiEf hiS yf gwfoufIrnf onf hta=umif;a=umif hr S aiGEw _ , f ljcif; (od k @r[kwf) awmif;cHjcif;onf vkycf aiG. (-) µ xuf rausmv f eG &f ? yk'fr (21) (u) rnfonf hy d*k K~ vf/ tvky&f Si/f yk*v ~ duvlopf&SmazGaomat*sipf D (0g) cG hijf yKvd kipf if ud kiaf qmifo(l 0g)tvkyo f rm;(0g) ‚if;. ud k,pf m;vS,f(0g)txufaz:jyyg yk d*K~ vfrsm; (Entirety) rsm;ES hif pdwfwo l abmwlvkyaf qmifaom rnfonf hy d*k K~ vfrqd k wd k @twGuf (‚if;vky&f yfonf) ‚if;onf rw&m;pGm vlopf&SmazGonf hvyk af qmifjcif;ES hif Oya'u cG hirf jyKaom vky&f yfomjzpfv hrd rf nf? 1? tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;&H k;rS wduspmG az:jy+yD;jzpfonf h cG hijf yKxm;onf h tc a=u;aiGZ,m;yg aiGxuf wd ku d&f ku f aomfvnf;aumif;/ oG, df0u k I f aomfvnf;aumif;/ awmif;cHjcif;(0g)vufcjH cif; (jyKvky hcf aJ omf) (0g) tvkyo f rm;wOD;OD;tm;/ ‚if;trSeaf cs;,laiG (0g) rnfr#yif w&m; 0ifaom taºuG;aiGjzpfygap ‚if;taºuG;aiGu k d r&§ t& ay;qyfap&ef oabmjzif h (rnfonf h) tvkyo f rm;wOD;OD;. c&D;oGm;cG hi f pm&Gupf m wrf;rsm;ud k xde;f csKyfxm;jcif;/ odr;f qnf; jyKvky hcf aJ omf(0g) rnfr#yif w&m;0ifaom taºuG;aiGjzpfygap ‚if;taºuG;ud k r&t& ay;qyfap &ef oabmjzif h (rnfonf h) tvkyo f rm;wOD;tm; vGwfvyfpmG oGm; vmv_y&f Sm;Ed kirf u _ k d [ef @wm;jcif;/ wm;jrpfjcif; (jyKvky hcf aJ omf)? 2? tvkyt f ud kit f wGuf tvkyo f rm;opf &SmazGpak qmif;jcif;ES hif ywf ouf+yD; rrSeaf omowif;jzef @jzL;jcif;(0g) rSm;,Gi;f pGm xifjrif,lq vmap&ef wifjyxm;jcif; (0g) rrSeu f efaom todrmS ;apEd kio f nf h a=umfjimpm (0g) pm&Gu f pmwrf;&d ku dEf yS x f kwfa0jcif; (0g) (rnf onf h)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -14
tvkyo f rm;ud krqd k zd dEyS jf cif; (0g) vdrv f nfvnh fjzm; y&d,m,fo kH; jcif;[laom tvkyrf sK;d wGi f wenf;wzH ktm;jzif h yg0if vkyaf qmifjcif; (jyKvky hcf aJ omf)? 3? tvkyt f ud kit f wGuf tvkyo f rm;opf &SmazGpak qmifjcif;ES hif ywf ouf+yD; t"rRjyKvkyjf cif;/ t=urf;zufjcif;(0g)t=urf;zufjcif;wr# +cdr;f ajcmufjcif; (0g) rnfr#yifw&m;0ifaom taºuG;aiG S&dap ‚if;taºuG; ud k ta=umif;jyKI (rnfonf h) tvkyaf v#mufxm;ol tvkyo f rm; opftjzpf yg0ifol(0g)tvky&f S&d&eftwGuf oabmwlvufrw S fx k;d xm;olu kdrqd k aESm hifaES;=uef @=umap&ef qG Jxm;jcif; (jyKvky hcf aJ omf)? 4? T“Oya'”twGuf vd ktyfonf h oabmwlpmcsKyfrsm;ud k& S&dE kid &f ef aqmif&u G fay;&efE hiS f vd ktyfonfu k d jznf hqnf;ay;&efw k @d wiG f ysuf uGufjcif; (&d S hcaJ omf)? 5? T“Oya'” abmiftwGi;f xkwaf y;aom vd kipf ifvyk yf kid fc hGi&f S&dap &ef [laom &nf&, G fcsufjzif h rrSeu f efaom a=ujimcsuftaxmuf t xm;/ owif;(0g)pm&Gupf mwrf;xkwaf y;jcif(0g) rSm;,Gi;f pGm xifjrif ,lqvmap&ef vkyaf qmifjcif; (jyKvky hcf aJ omf)? 6? tvkyt f ud ki&f S&d&ef ‚if;.at*sipf rD w S qif h av#mufxm;jcif;rjyK aom rnfonf htvkyo f rm;ud krqd k tvkyrf cef @&ef/ tjcm;yk d*K~ vf (0g) Entity tm; =oZmv$r;f jcif; (0g) =oZm v$r;f Ed ki& f ef }udK; yrf; tm; xkwfjcif; (jyKcJ haomf)? 7? tvkyo f rm;opfrsm; &SmazGpak qmifjcif;(0g) ae&mcsxm;jcif;wd k @jyK vky f &mwGif ovkyo f rm; or*~. *k%fou d mQ ud k xdc ku d fjcif;(0g) t rsm; jynfow l k @d . use;f rma&;(0g)tus fio h u d Qmwd k @u kad b;tEW&m,f jzpfapaom tvkyt f rsK;d tpm;wd k @wiG f yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif; (jyKvky hcf J aomf)? 8? tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD; (0g) ‚if;.w&m;0if tm%m& ud k,pf m;vS,rf sm; . ppfaq;jcif;ud k aESmuf,u S f[ef @wm;jcif; (0g) [ef @wm;&ef}udK;yrf; jcif; (jyKvky hcf aJ omf)?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -15
9? tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;rS vd ktyfovd kawmif;qd kaom tvkyt f ud ki. f tajctaetqif htwef; vpfvyfvsu S&f daom ae&mcsxm;jcif;rsm;/ vkycf tjzpf&aom Ed kiif jH cm;aiGv Jy$ k @d jcif;/ tvkyrf u S if;uGmjcif;/ xGuf cGmjcif;rsm;ES hi f tjcm;oufq kid &f m tcsuftvufrsm; (0g) owif;rsm; ud k tpD&ifcaH y;yd k @&ef ysuu f u G fjcif; (&d S hcaJ omf)? 10? yg0ifywfoufaomtzG J @w k @d vufrw S af &;xd k;csed rf pS I oufwef;ukef qH k;onf htcsdet f ygt0if 0ef}uD;XmerS ppfaq;+yD; rSeu f efa=umif; axmufcx H m;aom oabmwlvufrw S f a&;xd k;xm;onf hpmcsKyfrsm; ud k tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;. oabmwlc hiG jf yKcsufr&&d Sb J tpm;xk d;jcif; (0g) ajymif;vJjcif; (jyKvky hcf aJ omf)? 11? c&D;oGm;at*sipf v D kyif ef;aqmif&u G faeaom aumfy kad &;&Si;f wckc. k bkwt f JzG @0ifv}l uD;(0g) t&m&d S jzpfvmcJ haomf(0g) c&D;oGm;at*sipf D wck . pDrt H yk cf sKyfrw _ Gif wd ku&f kduaf omfvnf;aumif; yg0ifaqmif &Guaf ecJ haomf? 12? T“Oya'”t& 0ef}uD;Xme trsm;odap&ef w&m;0if a=ujimxm; aom rnfonf h pnf;urf;rsm;ES hif owfrw S cf surf sm;ud krqd k csK;d azmuf jcif;(jyKvky hcf aJ omf)? (c) T“Oya'”. txufwiG yf g yk'rf (21). u(1)-(12) wGi f wm;jrpfyw d yf ifxm; aom rw&m;pGm vlopf&SmazGpak qmif;onf h vkyaf qmifjcif;rsm;tyg0if rnfonf htvkyf orm;opf&SmazGpak qmif;onf h vkyaf qmifcsufrsm;wGirf qd k yg0ifvyk af qmifaom rnf onf hy d*k K~ vf tvky&f Si(f 0g)w&m;0ifc hiG jf yKvd kipf if hrJ tvkyo f rm;opf &SmazGpak qmif;onf h at*sipf D (0g) tvkyo f rm;/ uk d,fpm;vS, f (0g) txufazmfjyygE hiS f pdwfwo l abm wl vkyaf qmifaom olw k @d u k d Oya'ES hif qef @usio f nf[k,q l I T “Oya'”. (u)- t& jypf'%fay;Ek div f hdrrf nf? tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;&H k;/ rnfonf hOya'xde;f odr;f onf h t&m&d S rqd k rnfonf hxdc ku d fepfemcH&onf h olrqd k (0g)ol. ud k,pf m;vS,rf sm;. tvkyo f rm; or*~(0g) rnfonf h tjrwfr,lonf h tzG J @rqd k tvkyo f m;rsm;.tusK;d aus;Zl;twGuf yk'rf (0g) T“Oya'”. taxGaxGpnf;urf;csurf sm; vd kuef map&efq ko d nf h tcsufrsm; t& rnfonf hw kdiw f ef; csufrud krqd k OD;aqmifO;D &GufjyKEk dio f nf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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1? vltpkt JzG @wck(0g) qif'u D w d fac: tusLd;wlvyk if ef;wck(0g) }uD;rm;aom twd ki;f twmwckr S rw&m;aom (0g) Oya'ES hif qef @usiaf om vlopfv_y&f SmazG pkaqmif; jcif;ud k usL;vGe hcf aJ omf ‚if;vky&f yfu k d jypfru _ sL;vGeo f nf[ kk ,lq+yD; Tyk'rf (25)yg tcsuEf hiS t f nD tjypf'%fay;vd hrrf nf? Oya'ES hiq f ef @usiaf om tvkyo f rm;opfrsm; &SmazGpak qmif;jcif;ESifyh wfoufonf h w&m;Oya'rSc hiG rf jyKaom rnfonh fvyk if ef; udp P (0g) t}uHtpnfu kdrqd k qif'u D dwaf c: tusKd;wlvyk if ef;wck. vl (3) OD; (0g) (3)OD;xufy kad om tkypf rk S wOD;csi;f }uHpnftm;xkwjf cif;ES hi f (0g) wOD;ES hiw f OD; yl;aygi;f }uHpnf+yD; aqmif&Gujf cif;jyKcJ haomf Oya'ES hiq f ef @usifaom tvkyo f rm; opf&SmazG pkaqmif;jcif;ud k jyKvkyu f sL;vGeo f nf[k ,H k=unf,q l onf? tu,fI vl (10) OD;ES hif ‚if; txufO;D a&wk d @tay: usL;vGe hcf aJ omf Oya'ES hiq f ef @usifaom tvkyo f rm;opf&SmazG pkaqmif;jcif;ud k }uD;rm;aomtwd ki;f twmtm;jzif h jyKvkyf usL;vGeo f nf[, k q l vd hrrf nf? 2? tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD; (0g)ol§olr. w&m;0if vkyyf kid fc hGif v$ Jtyfay;jcif;cH&aom ud k,fpm;vS,o f nf rnfo @l u krd qd k pH kprf;ppfaq;+yD;aemuf ‚if;. vkyaf qmifrr_ sm; onf tvky&f mS azGorl sm;/ a&$ @ajymif;tvkyo f rm;wd k @. tusK;d twGuf jynfol trsm; +idr0f yfrt _ wGuf tEW&m,fjzpfonf (0g) tvky&f SmazGorl sm; (0g) a&$ @ajymif; tvkyo f rm;wd k @tay: acgi;f yH kjzwfjcif; qufvufjzpfay:apEk dio f nf h oabmouf a&mufonf[k qH k;jzwf hcaJ omf ‚if;oltm; zrf;qD;jcif;jzpfap&efE hiS f csKyfaESmif xde;f odr;f xm;&ef tm%m&d S&vd hrfrnf? cG hijf yKrdef@v kid pf ifr S&dbv J su f jynfytvkyu f kdif twGuf tvkyo f rm;opfrsm; pkaqmif;&SmazGjcif;tvkyu f kd vkyaf qmifaeonf h xlaxmifxm;aom tzG J @pnf;rsm;ES hif Entities &SmazG&efE hiS f w&m;Oya'ES hif qef @usifaom tvkyo f rm;pkaqmif;a&; tvkyt f ud kirf sm;wGif toH k;jyKaom pm&Gu f pmwrf;rsm;/ tvkyEf hiS q f kid af om u&d,mwefqmyvmrsm; ypPn;f OpPm rsm;ES hi f wjcm;ud&, d mypPnf;rsm;ud k odr;f ,lxm;jcif;ES hif xd kwnfaxmifxm;aom tzG J @ tpnf; ES hif Entities wk d @u k d ydwfxm;&ef trde @f ay;vd hrrf nf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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yk'rf (22) 0ef}uD;&H k;rS xkwx f m;aom pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;(0g) (vd ktyfI Provisions) xnf h oGi;f xm;aom pnf;urf;csurf sm;)ES hif toH k;jyKEk diaf om tjcm;Oya'rsm;ud k csK;d azmuf jcif;a=umif h (tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;wGi)f tvkyt f ud kit f wGuf tvkyo f rm;opfrsm; &SmazG pkaqmif;&ef rnfonf hc hiG jf yKcsuf vd kipf ifu krd qd k &yfq dik ;f xm;&ef (0g)y,fzsuf &k kyo f dr;f &ef tm%m&d Sv hdrrf ,f? yk'rf (23) tvkyo f rm;twGi;f 0efwiG f T Title (Oya')abmiftwGi;f at*sifpt D m;vH k;. tvkyf orm;opf&SmazGjcif;ES hi f ae&mcsxm;jcif; vkyu f kid af qmif&Gurf r_ sm;wd k @tay: pnf;urf; uef @owfjcif;ES hif pnf;urf;xde;f csKyfonf h tm%m&d Sv hrd rf nf? T Title (Oya'). &nf&, G fcsurf sm;ud k atmifjrif&efaqmif&u G af &;ES hi f Oya'yg pnf;urf;csurf sm; Provisions ud k taumifxnfazmf&ef trde @f rsm;xkwjf cif;ES h if pnf;urf;rsm;ES hif pnf;rsO;f rsm;ud k trsm;odap&ef w&m;0ifa=ujimjcif;wd k @u k d jyKvky dEf ik &f ef Ta=unmcsufjzif h tm%mtyfEiS ;f xm;jcif;cH&ygonf? yk'rf (24) yk*v ~ du tvkyo f rm;opf &SmazGpak qmif;a&; at*sifprD sm;.rSwfwrf;rsm;ud k xde;f odr;f xm;&d Sjcif;ES hi f wm&Snfxm;&d S apmif ha&Smufjcif;wd k @E hiS pf yfvsO;f I tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;onf pnf;urf;rsm;ud k trsm;odap&ef w&m;0ifa=unm vd hrrf nf? ‚if;tjyif T Title Oya' abmiftwGi;f (t}uHK;0ifaom) yk d*K~ vf§ Entity wOD;OD;. rSww f rf;rsm;ES hipf m&if; &Si;f wrf;rsm;/ taqmuftODy&k 0k%w f k @d u kd rnfonf htcsderf qd k ppfaq;Ek dijf cif;/ jyXmef; xm;aom yH kppH m&Gufrsm;jzif h tpD&ifcpH mrsm;ud k rSerf eS w f ifjy&ef awmif;qd kjcif;ES hif T Title (Oya'). rnfonf hpmyd k' f tcsuv f ufu kdrqd k csK;d azmufjcif; S&d hcaJ om ta&;,l aqmif&u G jf cif;wd k @u k d jyKvky dEf ik f&ef tm%mtyfEiS ;f xm;vd hrrf nf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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yk'rf (25) wouftusO;f csxm;jcif; jypf'%fE hiS 'f %faiG ---- wd k @u k d pnf;=uyfjcif;cH&rnf? (u) yk'rf (21)atmufwiG yf g S&donf h rw&m;aom tvkyo f rm;opf &SmazGpak qmif;onf h vkyaf qmifjcif;rsm;(0g) Oya'ES hiq f ef @usiaf omtvkyo f rm;opf&SmazGpak qmif;onf h v_y&f Sm;r_w k @d u kdaqmif&u G faoma=umif hjypf'%fp&D ifjcif;cH&onf h(qif'u D dw)f tusK;d wl vkyif ef;pk(0g) }uD;rm;aom twk di;f twmay: tajccHaomvkyif ef; tay:od k @? (c) rnfonf hc hiG jf yKrde @f t& vd kipf ifu kdiaf qmifolu krd qd k T Title (Oya')yg pnf;urf; rsm;ES hipf nf;rsO;f rsm;ud k vufawG @toH k;jyKtaumifxnfaqmif&mwGi f (0g) TTitle (Oya') yg tcsut f vufwpH kwcku k d csK;d azmufaeonfu k d (0g) tjcm;olwOD;tm; csK;d azmuf&efjzpfaponfu kd jyKvkyaf ea=umif;ud kawG @&I xd kta=umif;rsm;a=umif h jypf'%f pD&ifjcif;cH&aomf &H k;awmf. qifjcifo kH;oyfvyk yf kid fc hGift& (2)ESpx f ufrenf; (5)ESpx f ufrrsm;aom tusOf;csxm;jcif;/ jypf'%f(0g)aiG--xufrenf;/aiG—xuf rrsm;aom '%faiGay;aqmifjcif; (0g) tusOf;csxm;jcif;ES hif '%faiGay;aqmif&jcif;/ jypf'%f (2)rsK;d pvH k;ud k wG JI cH&vd hrrf nf? (*) rnfonf hc hiG jf yKrde @f rrS &bJ vd kipf ifu kdifc hGirf S&dolu kdrqd k TOya' (Title)yg pnf;urf; rsm;ES hif pnf;rsO;f rsm;ud k vufawG @toH k;jyKtaumifxnfazmf&mwGi(f 0g)TTitle (Oya') yg tcsuv f ufwpH kw&mud kcsK;d azmufaeonfu kad wG @ S&d&I xd kta=umif;rsm; a=umif h jypf'%fp&D ifjcif;cH&aomf &H k;awmf.qifjcifo k;H oyfvyk yf kid fc hGit f & (4)ESpf xuf renf; (8)ESpx f ufrrsm;aom tusOf;csxm;jcif;/ jypf'%f (0g) aiG--xufenf;/ aiG---xufrrsm;aom '%faiGay;aqmifjcif;(0g) tusO;f csxm;jcif;ES hif '%faiGay; aqmif&jcif;/ jypf '%f(2)rsK;d pvH k;ud k wG JI cH&vd hrrf nf? (C) tu,fI jypfru _ sL;vGeo f o l nf aumfy kad &;&Si;f tzG J @tpnf;/ tpkpyfvkyif ef;/toif; tzG J @(0g) Entity wckjzpfaeaomf Oya'csK;d azmuf&mwGi f wm0ef S&daom xd kaumf yd ka&;&Si;f tzG J @tpnf;/ tpkpyfvkyif ef;/ toif;tzG J @ (0g) Entity .t&m&d S (0g)t&m&d S rsm;tay: jypf'%fay;&vd frrh nf? ‚if;jyif xd kt&m&d S onf dEkiif jH cm;om;jzpfaeaomf olonf T Oya'wGi f azmf!e$ ;f xm;aom jypf'%frsm;ud k cH&rnf htjyif a&S @quf vufI w&m;pG Jq k d &ifq dik &f ef rvkyaf wmhb J jynfEiS 'f %fay;jcif;ud k cH&vd frrh nf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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(p) udp&P yfw dik ;f wGi f jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cH&onfq kv d #iyf if T Title (Oya')ygtcsut f & vly d*k K~ vf(0g) Entity xd ko k @d xkwfay;xm;aom cG hijf yKrde @f &vd kipf if/ cG hijf yKygrpfvufrw S f rsm;ES hi f tcG hix f l;rsm;tm;vH k;onf tvd ktavsmufzsuford ;f +yD; jzpfv hrd rf nf? ‚if;jyif AsL&d k twGuf repfemap&efay;oGi;f xm;&aom aiGE hiS t f mrcH uwdpmcsKyfvufrw S frsm;wd k @u kd pGe @f v$w&f rnf? xd kaiGrsm;ud kvnf; AsL d&kraS eI‚if;.vkyif ef;ES hifwm0efw k @d u kd jrS hiw f ifay;&ef &nf&, G f+yD; oD;oef @o k;H JpGc hGiftm%m &&d S+yD;jzpfonf? TOya't& tm;vH k;aom '%faiG rsm;ud k wefz k;d pDppf+yD;v#i f w&m;&H k;rSaeI AsL&d ko k @d ‚if;.&nf&G,cf suftwGuf aiGv J $ ay;yd k @ &vd frrh nf?
tcef;(3) tvkyfoifrsm;ud ktvkyfay;jcif;/ avhvmolrsm;ES hi f vkyfief;cGit f vkyfoifrsm; Chapter 3 TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT OF APPRENTICES, LEARNERS AND INTERNS A. Apprentices
tvkyo f ifrsm; yk'rf (26) Definition of Terms – As used in this Titles; pum;vH k;toH k;tE_e;f rsm;. t"dy g` ,f&iS ;f vif;csu?f TOya'wGi f oH k; JpGy k?H (u) "Apprenticeship" “tvkyo f ifb0”qd konfrmS tvkyv f kyaf evsuf vufawG @ avhu h siaf y;jcif;ES hif ‚if;tvkyEf hiS yf wfoufaom tajccH,q l csu f oabmw&m;ud kyg jznf hpu G fy k @d csay;jcif; jzpfonf? (c) "Apprentice" “tvkyo f if”qd konfrmS tvky&f iS Ef hSif tvkyo f ifb0taejzif h oabmwla=umif;vufrw S fa&;xd k; cH0efcsKyfjyKvk kyx f m;aom tvkyo f rm;jzpfonf? (0g)Ttcef;wGi f todtrSwjf yKxm;aom rnfonf hy d*k K~ vf §Entities wk d @rqd kjzpfonf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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(*) "Apprenticeship occupation" “tvkyo f ifb0vkyif ef;” qd konfrmS rnfonf h toufarG;ynm rnfonf hy kpH SH&ad om tvkyt f ud ki(f 0g)vkyif ef;ud krqd k tvkyv f yk af epOf vufawG @avhu h siaf y;jcif;ES hi f ‚if;tvkyEf hiS f ywfoufaom tajccH,lqcsuw f k @d u k d (3) v xufy kI d oif=um;&ef vd ktyfaomvkyif ef;jzpfonf? (C) "Apprenticeship occupation" “tvkyo f ifb0oabmwlncD suf” qd konfrmS Ttcef;Y todtrSwjf yKxm;aom tvky&f Si f (0g) tjcm;aom Entity rS pmcsKyfyg t a=umif;csut f & tvkyo f ifu kd avhu h siaf &;pnf;urf;csufrsm;ud k vufco H nf h tvkyt f ud kiEf hiS yf wfoufaom oabmwlpmcsKyfjzpfonf? yk'rf (27)
Qualifications of apprentices
tvkyo f if. t&nftcsi;f rsm; tvkyo f ifjzpfE kid &f ef vd ktyfaomt&nftcsi;f rsm;rSm 1? tenf;qH k;touf (14) ESp S&f d&rnf? 2? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ES hiyf wfoufaom txH k§0goem&d S+yD; oif hw hifaom ppfaq;jcif;ud k &ifq kid Ef kid af om ^m%ftpGr;f tp&S d&rnf? 3? E_wjf zif hvnf;aumif;/ pma&;Ivnf;aumif;/ oif=um; yd k @csay;onfw k @d u kd vd ku Dfr+S yD; oabmaygufem;vnfE kid o f nf h pGr;f &nf S&d&rnf? toD;oD;aomvkyif ef;rsm;twGuf oif havsmfaom ynm&nftcsi;f vd ktyfcsuf rsm;ud k tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;xHo k @d ukeo f , G af &;ES hif pufrv _ kyif ef;toif;rsm;ES hif tvkyo f rm;or*~rsm;rS axmufct H }uHjyKEd kiv f fdrrh nf? yk'rf (28) Employment of apprentices tvkyo f ifrsm;ud ktvkycf ef @xm;jcif; tvkyo f rsm;0ef}uD;rS oabmwlc hiG jf yKI tvkyo f ifrsm;ud ko k;H Ed kiaf om vkyif ef;rsm;ES hif uG sr;fusijf cif;ES hif pufrv _ ufry_ nmES hif ywfoufaome,fy,frS tvky&f Sirf sm;omv#if tvkyo f ifrsm;uk d tvkycf ef @xm;Ek div f fdrrh nf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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yk'rf (29) Contents of apprenticeship agreements tvkyo f ifb0 oabmwlnDcsufw d @k wiG f yg0ifaom ta=umif;t&mrsm;? tvkyo f ifrsm;. t"du _EH;xm;rsm;yg0ifaom tvkyo f ifb0 oabmwlnDcsufrsm; wk d @ onf tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;rS xkwfxm;aom pnf;rsO;f rsm;ES hif vk dufavsmnDaxGjzpfap &rnf/ tvkyo f ifb0vky&f aom tcsdeu f mvonf ajcmufvxuf ryk dap&? tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;rS oif hw hifavsmufywfpmG oabmwlxm;jyD;aom tvkyo f ifb0 vkyif ef;pOfrsm;ES hif vk duaf vsmnDaxGr d&_ rS o S mv#i f w&m;0if ted hrq f k;H vkycf xufenf; aom HE_;xm;rsm;uk d owfrw S fay;aom tvkyo f ifb0 oabmwlncD sufrsm;uk d xnf hoiG ;f ay;Ek div f fdrrh nf? rnfonf h udpw P iG rf qk d oif hawmfaom ted hrq f k;H vkycf . 75 µ xufe hrd I f pjyD; ay;Ek div f hdrrf nf r[kwaf y? yk'rf (30) Signing of apprenticeship agreements tvkyo f ifb0 oabmwlnDcsufvufrw S fa&;xk d;jcif;? tvkyo f ifb0 oabmwlncD sufw dik ;f wGif tvky&f Si f (0g) tzG J @tpnf;rsm;/ toif; tzG J @rsm;/ tvkyo f rm;or*~rsm; (0g) tkypf rk sm;wckc. k w&m;0iftm%m vG Jtyfxm; aom uk d,pf m;vS,fe hiS f tvkyfoifw d @k toD;oD;vufrw S af &;xk d;&vd hrrf nf? w&m;0if t&G,fra&mufao;aom oltwGuf tvkyo f ifoabmwlncD suu f dk 4if;. uk d,pf m; rd§b wOD;OD;/ tkyx f de;f ol(0g) tkycf sKyforl d&Saomtvkyo f rm; 0ef}uD;&H k;rS tm%mtyfEiS ;f ay;aom uk d,fpm;vS,w f OD;u vufrw S f a&;xk d;ay;&vd hr f rnf? T“Oya'”wGi f pm&if;yg0ifxnf hoiG ;f xm;aom tvkyfoifb0oabmwlncD sufw dik ;f uk d oif hawmfaom tvkyo f ifb0aumfrw D Drsm; (&S d hcaJ omf)rS aeI w&m;0if twnfjyK ay;&rnf? 4if;rdwWLwpH kpu D dv k nf; tvky&f iS Ef hiS f tvkyo f if(2)OD;pvH k;tm; ay;tyf& vd hrf rnf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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yk'rf (31) Venue of apprenticeship programs tvkyo f ifb0vkyif ef;pOfrsm;twGu f aqmif&u G f&efae&m? rnfonf hp;D yGm;a&;tzG J @tpnf;/ tvky&f Si/f tkypf k (0g) toif;tzG J @/ pufrv _ kyif ef;/ tzG J @tpnf;/ tvkyo f rm; or*~(0g) jrdK@jytkypf rk qk d tvkyo f ifb0vkyif ef;pOfrsm; JzG @pnf; wnfaxmifv dak omf tvkyo f ifw d @k twGu f avhu h sifay;aom ae&mtjzpf atmufazmfjy yg tvkyo f ifb0 vkyaf qmify kHpepfrsm;xJr S a&G;,lE kid o f nf? (1) wm0efcu H ruxðyaompD;yGm;a&;tzG J @tpnf;xlaxmifxm;aom tzG J @tpnf; (0g) H yk cf sKyfuGyu f Jxm;aom ‚wd k @. yd kief uf twGi;f ������wd k @rS vH k;vH k; vsm;vsm; pDrt Y ðyvkyaf om tvkyo f if b0vkyif ef;/ (2) tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;XgewGi;f rS avhus hifa&;Xge(0g) tjcm;jynfo @l avhu h sifa&; tzG J @ tpnf; XgeY ðyvkyaf om tvkyo f ifb0vkyif ef;/ (0g) (3) vufry_ nmtajccHoabmw&m;rsm;ud k rlvtprSpI oif=um;avhu hsiaf y;aom avhu h sifa&;Xge wck (0g) avhus hifay;jcif;. aemufq kH;tqif htcsed t f wGif; wm0efcH aompD;yGm;a&;tzG J @tpnf; (0g) ������wGif aemiftcgY trSew f u,f tvkyf yg0ifvyk u f kdi&f onf h tjcm;aomynmay;&mXgewck? yk'rf (32) Sponsoring of apprenticeship program tvkyo f ifb0vkyif ef;pOfu kd wm0efc H uruxðyjcif;? TOya'wGif todtrSwfðyxm;aom rnfonf h tvkyo f ifb0 vkyif ef;pOfu kdrqd k tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;XgerS oabmwlvufcaH om tvky&f iS f§tkypf k (0g) tvky&f Sirf sm; toif;/ tvkyo f rm;or*~(0g) tvkyo f rm;or*~rsm;toif;/ òr@jyqd ki&f m tzG J @tpnf;/ c&pf,mefbk&m;ausmif; �������� (0g)tjcm;aom ������ rSaeI wm0efc H urux ðyvky dEf ik o f nf? tvkyo f ifrsm;tm; trSeaf vhu hsiaf y;jcif;ud k aqmif&Gu dEf ik o f nf h ae&mwGi-f
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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(1) wOD;csi;f tvkyo f ifb0vkyif ef;pOfrsm;ud k avhus hifay;&onf hupd w P iG f wm0efcaH om tvky&f Siyf kid af om tdr/f &H k;/ tvkyXf gewGi-f (2) tvky&f Sifrsm;toif;or*~rsm;ES hi f tjcm; �������� wd k @u wm0efcHaom vkyif ef;pOf udpjP zpfv#if/ owfrw S fay;xm;aom pD;yGm;a&;tzG J @tpnf;wck (0g) trsm;yd kif aomtdr/f &H k;/ tvkyXf gewGif(3) tvkyo f rm;Xge. avhu hsiaf &;Xge (0g)w&m;0ifaomynma&;qd ki&f m (0g) avhu hsif a&;XgewGi-f (4) tvkyo f ifb0wGuaf vhu h sifay;aom ae&mXme.tajctaewGif vufeufu&d,m rsm;/ pufu&d,mrsm;/ ypPn;f rsm;ES hif oif=um;yd k @csa&;twGuf vd ktyfaom tjcm;ypPn;f rsm; jynf hp kpH mG d&S&vd hrrf nf?
yk'rf (33) Investigation of violation of apprenticeship agreement tvkyo f ifb0 oabmwlnDcsufu dk csK;d azmufaomtcg pH kprf;ppfaq;jcif;? pdwf0ifpm;aom yk d*K~ vfwOD;OD;.wd kiw f ef;csuft& (0g)‚. ud k,fy kid af ›&Saqmifr_ taejzif h tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;Xge(0g)‚. w&m;0ifu k, d fpm;vS,o f nf pH kprf;ppfaq; jcif;ud k ðyvkyaf y;+yD; tvkyform;0ef}uD;XmetwGi;f 0ef. jyXmef;xm;aom pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;twd ki;f rnfonf htvkyo f ifb0 oabmwlcsufu krd qd k csdK;azgufonf d&S aomf rSeu f efr d&_ S&ef ðyjyif aqmif&u G fay;vd hrrf nf? yk'rf (34)
Appeal to the Minister of Labor.
tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;xH toem;cHpm (t,lc)H wifoiG ;f jcif;? tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;XgerS ud k,fpm;vS,. f qH k;jzwfcsufu kd epfemonf[lI rauseyfaom rnfonf hy d*k K~ vfrqd k/ tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;xHo k @d qH k;jzwfcsuu f kd vufc&H d&S+yD;aemuf (5)&uftwGi;f toem;cH pmwifoiG f;Ed kio f nf? T“Oya'”wGiyf g0ifaom Oya' vd kuef map&ef pnf;urf;csuft& (oD;oef @) �������� ������� w&m;pG Jq kd&ef tpðyjcif; r&S d hcv J #if tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;.qH k;jzwfcsufonf t+yD;owf aemufq kH;jzpf&vd hrrf nf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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yk'rf (35) tvkyo f rm; 0ef}uD;onf pkaygi;f I tm;xkwx f m;&aom tvky&f Si/f or*~ yl;wG Jaom tvkyo f ifb0 vkyif ef;pOfrsm;uk d tm;ay;jcif;ES hif HzG @+zdK@w d;k wuf&efE hiS f wm&Snf xde;f odr;f xm;Ek dif&ef tultnDjyK&rnf? tvkyo f ifrsm;uk d xm;Ek diaf om vkyif ef;rsm;twGuf yk*v ~ duukr% ` Drsm;rS dEkiif jH cm;om;/ pufrv _ ufr _ ynm&Sirf sm; . tr_xrf;jcif;uk d toH k; jyK&v#if 4if;ukr% ` rD sm;onf oif havsmfaom tvkyo f ifb0 vkyif ef;pOfrsm;uk d xlaxmif&efE hiS f jrefrmwk di;f &if;om;rsm;uk d xk dvyk if ef;pOfrsm;wGif oifwef;om;rsm; tjzpf pkaqmif;vufc&H efv dktyfonf? yk'rf (36) Apprentices without compensation vkycf a=u;aiGr&&S daom tvkyo f ifrsm; tvkyEf hiS w f JGIavhu hsiaf y;&jcif;onf ausmif;wausmif; (0g) avhu h sifa&;tpDtpOf. oif& k;d !$e;f wrf;yg vd ktyfcsufjzpfv#if (0g) bJ G @/ 'D*&D/ 'Dyvd krm atmifvufrw S &f ap&ef (0g) bkwft JzG @.pmar;yG J atmifjrif&ef vd ktyfaomt&m jzpfaeygu/ tvkyo f rm; twGif;0efonf vkycf aiGr&aom tvkyo f ifrsm;ud k Xg;&rf;jcif; tm%mv$ Jay;vd hrrf nf? B. Learners and Interns
tvkyo f if=um;aeolrsm;ES fi h tvkyo f ifrsm; (tqif hjrif h) yk'rf (37) Learners=
oif=um;aeolrsm;qd konfrmS / tcsdew f kd 3vxuf ryd kbJ tvkycf iG w f Gi;f vufawG @avhu hsiaf y;jcif;jzif h wwfajrmufvmrnfjzpf+yD; (ES fi)h tvkyo f if rsm;xm;Ir&aom tawmftwefu|rf;usiEf hiS f tjcm; pufrv _ ufr_ vkyif ef;rsm;wd k @wiG f oifwef;om;rsm;tjzpf Xg;xm; aomolrsm;jzpfonf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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tvkyo f ifrsm; (tqif hjrif h) qd konfrmS pufrv _ ufr _ ynm&yfE hiS f tawmftwefywfoufaom toufarG;0rf; ausmif;ynmES hiq f kdif aom taxmuftul(0g) tvm;wl vkyif ef;rsm; (0g) w&m;0ifvufcH xm;aom ynma&;qd ki&f m oif& k;d !$e;f wrf;. wpdyw f yd kif; vd ktyf csuft&/ tcsdew f kdrsm;(6)vxufryd kapbJ/ tvkycf iG w f Gi;f avhus hifay; jcif;wd k @twGu f oifwef;om;rsm;tjzpf iS g;xm;ol rsm;jzpfonf?
Interns �
yk'rf (38) tvkyo f if=um;aeolrsm;ES hit f vkyo f if (tqif hjrif h)rsm;wd k @u k d tawG @tñuH& hifaom tvkyo f rm;rsm; r&&S dE kid faomtcg tvkycf ef @xm;Ed kifonf? tvkyt f ud kif &&S d&ef tcG hit f a&;rsm;ud k jzwfawmufjcif;rS wm;qD;&ef tvkyo f if=um;aeolrsm;ud k tvkyf cef @&ef vd ktyfayonf? xd ko k @d tvkycf ef @xm;ay;jcif;onf rnfonf h pkaygi;f !S d dEi_ ;f oabmwlcsuu f krd S csdK;azgujf cif;r&S d/ (0g) wenf;tm;jzif h tvkyo f rm; ukeu f s p&dwfE hiS f ywfouf+yD; rw&m;aom,SOòf yifru _ kd zefw;D jcif; r[kwf (0g) ,d k,Gi;f xdc kdu f tm;enf; apjcif;r&S d (0g) tvkyv f yk &f aom tqif htwef;ud k ed hru f sapjcif; r[kwaf y? yk'rf (39) tvkyo f if=um;aeolrsm; (learners) ES hit f vkyo f iftqif hjrif hrsm; (interns) wd k @u kd tvkyf cef @xm;vd kaomrnfonf htvky&f Sirf qd katmufwiG fyg0ifaom tcsufrsm;ud k oabmwl vufcH us hifo kH;&vd hrrf nf? (1) tvkyo f if=um;aeolrsm;ES hif tvkyo f if (tqif hjrif h)rsm;wd k @. trnfrsm;ES hi f ae&yf vdypf mtjynf htpH k/ (2) tvkycf ef @xm;onf htcsed u f mv/ tvkyo f if=um;aeolrsm;ud k (3)vxuf ausmf vGeI f ‚/ tvkyo f iftqif hjrif hrsm;ud k (6)vxufausmfveG I f ‚/ tvkycf ef @xm;I r&?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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(3) tvkyo f if=um;aeolrsm;ES hif tvkyo f if (tqif hjrif h) rsm;wd k @. vkycf ES hif vpmE_ H; xm;rsm;ud k owfrw S t f oH k;ðyaeaom ted hrq f kH; vkycf . (75µ) xuf red hraf vsmhbJ pwifay;&efE hiS /f (4) xd kvyk if ef;tpDpOf+yD;qH k;oGm;csdeYf ‚wd k @qEN d& hScJaomf tvkyo f if=um;aeolrsm;ES hif tvkyo f if (tqif hjrif h) rsm;wd k @u kd yH kreS t f vkyo f rm;rsm; taejzif h cef @xm;ay;&ef[o l nf h tmrcHcsufay;&ef/ oif=um;aeol.trSm;tjypf/ r[kwfbJ tu,fI avhu hsif oif=um;ay;jcif;ud k tvky&f SifrS oabmwlpmcsKyfyg owfrw S cf sd ef rukeq f kH;rD &yfq kdi;f apcJ haomf yxr (2)vtvkyv f yk cf iG f&h hcJaom tvkyo f if=um;aeolrsm;ES hif tvkyo f if (tqif hjrif h) rsm; tm;vH k;wd k @u kd yH kreS f tvkyo f rm;rsm;tjzpf owfrw S , f q l vd hrrf nf?
‚if;oabmwlncD suo f nf tvkyo f rm;twGi;f 0ef (0g) ‚if;.avsmfuefpmG tm%mv$ Jtyfxm;aomud k,fpm;vS,. f ppfaq;jcif;ud k cH,al p&rnf? yk'rf (40) Leaners and Interns in piecework ykwfjywfvyk if ef;cGirf S tvkyo f if=um;aeolrsm;ES hi f tvkyo f if (tqif hjrif h) rsm;? ykwfjywfvyk if ef;ES hif rufavmufz, G HfE;_ xm;ay;aom vkyif ef;rsm;wk d @wiG f tvkyf vkyaf e=uaom tvkyo f if=um;aeolrsm;ES hif tvkyo f if(tqif hjrif h) rsm;wk d @tm; avhu h siaf y;aeaom tcsdeu f mvtwGi;f vkyu f dik af y;&aom vkyif ef;twGuf vkycf aiGu dk tjynf ht0ay;&vd frrh nf? yk'rf (41) “yËdnOfysuu f Gucf sdK;azgufygu ay;avsm&f efpmcsKyfwiG yf gonf htcsu”f Ttcef;ygrnfonf hpnf;urf;pnf;rsOf;rsm;ud krqd k csKd ;azgufjcif; (0g) ‚wd k @u kd taumiftxnfaz:&mY csdK;azgujf cif; d±S hcaJ omf ---------- ud kcH,al p&rnf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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tcef; (4) ted hrq f k;H tvkyform;owfrSwcf sufrsm; Chapter (4) Minimum labour standards A. Hours of work
tvkyv f kyaf om em&Drsm; yk'rf (42) - jcHKiH kyg0ifjcif;? Coverage
Tacgi;f pOfatmufY xnf hoiG ;f xm;aom tcsuftvufonf tkycf sKyfa&;rSL; rsm;ES hi f ynmonftjzpf toufarG;0rf;a=umif;jyKolrsm;rSty tvky&f Si f tm;vH k;ES hif tvkyo f rm;tm;vH k;wk d @twGu f &nfneG ;f oH k; JpG dEik o f nf? pDrt H yk cf sKyfa&;yk di;f qk di&f m tvkyo f rm;rsm;onf vkyt f m;twGuf vkycf aiG jrif hrm;pGm &&S d=uolrsm;jzpfjyD; vkyif ef;wckv k;H (0g) vkyif ef;}uD;xJrS (,lepf)wck. rl0g' csrw S f&mwGiEf hiS f 4if;rl0g'uk d taumiftxnfazmf&mwk d @Y yg0ifaqmif&Gu=f uonf? 4if;wk d @. wm0efrsm;uk d xrf;aqmif&mwGiv f nf;aumif;/ vky d&f k;vkypf Of twk di;f qifqif jcifjcif csed q f jyD; vkyu f dkio f nf? ynmonftjzpf toufarG; vkyif ef;wGif rdrw d k @d . uk d, dyf ik f qH k;jzwfcsuEf hiS f qifjcifcsed fqr_w d @k u dk vky&f k;d vkypf Of toH k;jyKvkyu f kdio f lrsm; jzpfonf? yk'rf (43) tvkycf sde f w&ufv#if (8) em&D? rnfonf h tvkyo f rm;rqk d 4if;. omreftvkyv f kycf sed f em&Daygi;f onf w&ufv#if (8)em&Dxuf rausmv f eG af p&?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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yk'rf (44) pkpak ygi;f tvkycf sed ?f tvkyv f ky&f aom tcsed ef m&Daygi;f wGi f xnf hoiG ;f yg0if&rnfrSm (u) tvkyo f rm;wOD;. vk dtyfaom wm0efxrf;aqmifcsed f umwav#mufv k;H (ok d @r[kwf) tvkyrf nfr# jyD;pD;&rnf[k yrm% xm;&efrvk dy J 4if;. owfrw S fxm;aom tvkyaf e&mY d&Sae&efv kad omtcsed ?f (c) tvkyo f rm;wOD;. vk dtyfaom tvkyw f m0efxrf;aqmifae&csed f (0g) tvkyv f kyf &ef owfrw S fay;xm;csed f wav#mufv k;H wGif tvkyaf e&mXmeY tvkyv f kyaf eaom tcsdet f wGi;f wk dawmif;onf h em;csed u f dv k nf; tvkyv f ky&f aom em&Daygi;f Y xnf hoiG ;f a&wGu&f rnf? yk'rf (45) tpmpm;csed f rnfonf htvky&f iS rf qk d 4if;. tvkyo f rm;rsm;uk d tvkycf sdef(8)em&DtwGi;f rdepf (60) xufrenf;aom tcsdeu f dk yH kreS t f pmpm;Ek di&f ef tvkyef m;cG hiaf y;&rnf? rnfonf h tvkyo f rm;rS tpmpm;&ef tcsderf &yJ (5) em&DxufausmfveG jf yD; qufvuf tvkyf vky&f ef t"rRapck di;f jcif; rjyKap&? w&m;0iftvkypf nf;rsO;f tjzpf rnfonf htvkyo f rm; rsm;uk dr# uk d,fvufokwo f ifjcif;tcGifrh S wm;jrpfjcif; rcHap&? yk'rf (46) nyk di;f wm0eftwGu f jcm;em;aomvkycf ? n (10) em&DrS eHeuf (6) em&DtwGi;f vkyaf qmif&aom nyk di;f tvkyef m&Dw dki;f twGuf yH kreS v f kycf . (--µ) xufrenf;aom nyk di;f wm0eftwGuf jcm;em;aom vkycf taejzif h tvkyo f rm;wk di;f uk d ay;&rnf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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yk'rf (47) tcsde dyf t k vkyf tcsde dyf t k vkyt f wGu f wem&D vkycf E_e;f . (50) &mck diEf e_ ;f uk d tyk da=u;tjzpf tvkyf orm;tm; xyfaqmif;ay;cJ haomf wae@v#if (8) em&Dxuf dyI k tvkyv f yk dEf ik af yrnf? tvkyyf w d f&uf (ok d @r[kw)f em;&ufwGi f (8) em&Dxuf dyI k tvkyv f yk &f v#if qka=u;aiG (Premium) ay;&aom E_e;f xm;. (1²5) q ES hif nDr#aom tyk dxyfaqmif;a=u;aiGu dk tvkyyf w d f&ufu k d yxr (8)em&D vky&f aom tvkyt f wGuf ay;acs&rnf? yk'rf (48) tvkycf sdeaf vS smv h yk af omtcsed u f d k tcsde dyf v k ky&f aom tcsdeEf hiS f nDr#oGm;&ef !d Say;cG hif r&S d? rnfonf hae@&ufwGirf qk d w&ufv#i f (8)em&DxufavsmI h vky&f aom “tcsdef avsmt h vky”f ud k tjcm;rnfonf hae@wiG rf qk d vky&f aom “tcsde dyf t k vky”f ES hif nDr#ap&ef !S d Say;cG hirf d&S? tvkyo f rm;wOD;tm; wywftwGi;f tjcm;w&uf&uf uk d cG hio f mG ;ap&ef cG hijf yKjcif;a=umif h tvky&f iS o f nf Ttcef;yg vk dtyfaom tyk dxyf aqmif;a=u;aiGu dk ay;&jcif;rS uif;vGwfc hiG &f dEkirf nf r[kwaf y? yk'rf (49) tyk dqak =u;aiGu d k wGufcsufay;jcif;? Ttcef;wGif vk dtyfcsut f jzpf azmfjyxm;aom tcsdeyf kEd hiS f tjcm;qkvm'frsm; vkyt f m;crsm;uk d wGufcsuaf y;&eftwGuf tvkyo f rm;. yH kreS v f yk cf rSm aiGom;ES hif azmfjyxm;aom vkycf om jzpf&rnfjzpfjyD; rnfo d @k aom E_wf,al iGu dkr# ryg d&aS p&?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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B. REST PERIODS
tvkyef m;csed u f mvrsm; yk'rf (50) tygwpf Of em;&uf d&S&rnf h tcG hit f a&; (u) tjrwftpGe;f &onf htvkyjf zpfap/ r&onf htvkyjf zpfap/ tvky&f iS w f dki;f onf rdrw d d @k tvkycf iG rf S tvkyo f rm;wOD;pDtm; wywfv#if yH kreS (f 6) &uf qufw du k ftvkyf apck di;f jyD;wk di;f (24)em&D qufw du k x f ufrenf;aom em;aecsdeu f dk ay;&rnf h wm0ef d&S onf? (c) pkaygi;f aphpyf! S _dEid ;f xm;aom oabmwlnDcsuf (ok d @r[kw)f TOya'abmiftwGi;f JzG @pnf;xm;aom aumfrwD. oabmwlncD suEf hiS f tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;. owfrw S f xm;aom pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;uk d vk dufemcH,lu h sio f k;H &rnf? tvky&f Sio f nf tvkyf orm;rsm;tywfpOfem;&ufu dk qH k;jzwfay;jcif;ES hi f tcsdeZf ,m;qG J jcif;rsm; jyKvky&f rnf? ok d @aomfjim;vnf; tvkyo f rm;rsm;. bmoma&; ta=umif;tcsuf (ok d @r[kw)f ,H k=unfr _ ta=umif;jycsurf sm;tvk duf 4if;wk d @ dyrk kd vk dvm;ESpo f ufonf h tywfpOf em;&ufu dk tvky&f Siu f twwf dEik q f k;H vk dufavsm nDaxGjzpf&ef owfrw S af qmif &Guaf y;&rnf? yk'rf (51) tvky&f Sit f m; tvkyef m;&ufwGi f tvkyv f kyaf y;&ef vk dtyf hcaJ omf – tvky&f Sio f nf rnfonf hae@wiG f rqk d 4if;tvkyo f rm;rsm; tvkyq f if;=u&ef vd ktyf vmEd kio f nf? (u) dpk;&drzf , G &f m rawmfwq jzpfymG ;jcif;/ rD;avmifjcif;/ a&v#Hjcif;/ avrkef wk di;f jzpfay:jcif;/ ajrivsifvy_ jf cif;? a&m*guyfq d;k jzpfay:jcif;wk d @a=umif h trSejf zpf wu,fjzpfay:aeaom (ok d @r[kw)f trsm;jynfot l ay:ok d @ usa&mufvmawmhrnf h ta&;ay:udp&P yfrsm;wGif (ok d @r[kw)f tjcm;aom ab;'kurQ sm;ES hif uHq d;k drk;arSmif usjcif;wk d @wGi f toufE fiS h OpPmypPn;f rsm; qH k; _&H;r_w d @k u dv k nf;aumif; trsm;jynfol wk d @tay: ab;tEW&m,fusa&muf&ef eD;uyfaeaom tajctaersm;wGif vnf;aumif;/
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -31
wm;qD;umuG,fay;&ef vk dtyfaom tcsdeu f mvwGif (yH kreS f r[kwaf om) tvkyq f if; =u&ef rjzpfraevk dtyfvmed kiyf gonf? (c) pufu&d d,mrsm;/ vufeufwefqmyvmrsm; (0g) pufu&d , d mrsm; wyfqifjcif; ponf h udp&P yfrsm;tm; ta&;w}uD; aqmif&Gu&f efv dak omtcgwiG f tvkyt f wGuf dpk;&drzf , G f&m qH k; _&H;r_u dk a&Smifwdr;f &ef (tvkyq f if;=u&efv dt k yfvm dEkio f nf? xk do d @k r[kwu f tvky&f iS o f nf qH k; _&H;r_u dk cH&ayrnf? (*) txl;tajctaersm;a=umif h omrefr[kwaf om tvky0f efyjd cif;/ jzpfay: vmjyD;/ tvky&f Sirf mS vnf; tjcm;omrefaqmif&u G fenf;uk d tm;uk d;ed ki&f ef ar#mv f hifp&m r&S daom tcgwGi f (tvkyq f if;=u&ef vk dtyfvmEk dio f nf)? (C) ysupf ;D ykwfo k;d dEkiaf om ukeyf pPn;f rsm;/ xd dcu k fysupf ;D r_ (0g) qH k; _&H;r_u dk wm;qD; umuG,f&ef vk dtyfaomtcgwGi f (tvkyq f i;f=u&ef vd ktyf dEik o f nf)? (i) vkyif ef;. obm0uk du tqufrjywf qufw dkuv f yk Ef kid rf _ vnfygwfrw _ k @d vk dtyfaev#iEf hiS f vkyu f dik rf _u dk &yfq dik ;f vk duaf omf jyefvnfjyifqif&ef rjzpfe kid o f nf h xd dcu k fysufp;D r_ (0g) tvky&f iS ftm;vH k; qH k; H&_;apr_ &vm'fu k d ay:ayguaf paomtcgY? (p) tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;. qH k;jzwfcsut f & txufazmfjyygE fiS h qifwal om tjcm;tajc taersm; ay:vmv#if (tvkyq f if;=u&ef vk dtyfvmEk dio f nf?) yk'rf (52) em;&uf we*FaEG (0g) tvkyyf w d &f ufw d @k twGuf ay;aom tca=u;aiG? (tpm;ay;§avsmaf =u;ay;aiG) (u) tvkyo f rm;wOD;. tvkycf sed Zf ,m;t& 4if;. em;&ufY tvkyv f ky dcf ik ;f jcif; cH&v#if (0g) tvkyv f yk &f eftcG hi&f I tvkyv f yk &f v#if xyfaqmif;vkycf a=u;aiG (avsmaf =u;)tjzpf 4if;. yH kreS ftajccHvkycf xuf (tenf;qH k;) ESpq f d&Saom a=u;aiGu dk ay;&rnf? tvkyo f rm;rsm;onf tvkyo f abmobm0t& 4if;wk d @wGi f yH kreS t f vkyq f if;&ufrsm; r&S djcif;eS hif yH kreS ef m;&ufrsm;uk d Z,m;jizh f owfrw S f&ef rjzpf deik v f #if trsm; jynfol tvkyyf w d f&ufrsm;wGif tvkyv f ky&f v#iEf hiS f wywfv k;H (6)&uftvkyv f kyf jyD;v#if
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -32
aemufw&uf (ok d @r[kw)f em;ae&rnf h &ufwiG yf g tvkyv f yk af y;&aomf 4if;tvkyf orm;tm; (tenf;qH k;) yH kreS fvkycf aiG. ESpq f uk d xyfaqmif;ay;&rnf? yk'rf (53) pkaygi;f aphpyf! S _dEid f;jcif;? pkaygi;f aphpyf! S _dEid f;jcif; oabmwlncD suft& (0g) tjcm;aom tkvyftuk di f pmcsKyft& pnf;urf;owfrw S fjcif;jyKv#if tvky&f Sio f nf TOya'wGi f jyXmef;xm;aom vkycf E_e;f xm;xuf omvGerf sm;jym;aom E_e;f xm;uk d tvky&f Siu f ay;&rnf? yk'rf (54) tvkyyf w d f&uf vkycf &yk dicf hiG f (u) tvkyyf w d &f ufjzpfapumrl tajctaeta=umif;a=umif;t& tvkyo f rm; rsm; tvkyq f if;ay;&ef vk dtyfvmEd kiaf yrnf? tvky&f iS ftaejzif h Tok d @aom tajctaersK;d wGif tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm; yH kreS v f cE_e;f xm;. (2)qjzif h nDr#aom vkycf ay;&rnf? (c) TOya'wGi f yg d&aS om “tvkyyf w d &f uf” twGuyf g tusKH;0ifonf? yk'rf (55) vkyo f uf cHpm;Ek dicf hiG f (u) vkyo f uftenf;qH k; wESpw f m0efxrf;aqmifjyD;aom tvkyo f rm;wk di;f onf ESppf Ofvkyo f ufc hiG f ig;&ufu dk vpmtjynf h cHpm;cG fi d&h Sap&rnf? vkyo f uf(--) ESpjf ynf hw dik ;f ES hif (--) jcif;ES hi f vpmjynf h vkyo f ufc hiG u f dk pkaygi;f &&S dap&rnf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -33
C. Wages
vkycf aiGrsm; yk'rf (56) vkycf aiGrsm; t"dy g` ,fz hiG q f dck su?f ? TOya'wGi f oH k;E_e;f xm;onf htwk di;f (u) Person - vly d*k K~ vfq do k nfrmS wOD;wa,mufjcif;rStp tvky&f Si/f tpkpyf vkyif ef;/ tzG J @tpnf;/ toif;tzG J @ aumf dyak &;&Si;f . w&m;0ifu d, k pf m;vS, f (0g) vltyk pf rk S JzG @pnf;xm;aom rnfonf h tzG J @tpnf;0ifrqk djzpfonf? (c) Employer – tvky&f Si f - TOya'wGif t"dy g` ,zf hiG q f dx k m;aom rnf honf htvky&f Sirf qk djzpfygonf? (*) Employer - vkyo f m;- TOya'wGif t"dy g` ,zf hiG q f dx k m;aom (rnfonf h dpu k fysK;d a&;ES hif oufq dik af om) rnfonf htrd af xmifpk rnfonf htrd w f Gi;f (0g) rnfonf hvdit f vkyo f rm;uk drqk d &nfneG ;f onf? (C) Agriculture - dpkuyf sK;d a&;/ dpkufysK;d a&;xJwiG f v,f,mvkyif ef;ES hif4if;. wk di;f §XmecG Jrsm;tm;vH k;yg0ifonf? xk d @tjyif dpkufysK;d a&;ES hiyf wfoufaom rnfonf h vkyif ef;rqk d opfo;D yef;ref dpkuyf sK;d jcif;eS hif qk diaf om a&mif;ukeyf pPnf;rsm; wd&p>m ef arG;jrLa&; (0g) =uuf/ bJ/ ief; arG;jrLa&;vkyif ef;wk d @E hiS f yl;wG Jaeaom (0g) qufpyf DE;S EG,f aeaom v,f,mjcHY awmifo/l ,morm;wOD;rS vkyu f kdiaf om rnfonf hvkyif ef;uk d rqk djzpfonf? ok d @aomf o=um;/ tke;f / aq;&guf/ emewfoD; (0g) tjcm;v,f,m xGuyf pPn;f trsm;tjym;tm; pufjzif h ukepf nfxw k v f kyjf cif; (0g) vkyef nf;tpDtpOfjzif h tqif hq hifxkwfvyk jf cif;rsm; ryg0ifay? (i) Employ -tvkyv f kyu f dik fc hGijf yKonf? tvkyv f kyaf ponf? (p) rnfonf htvkyo f rm;rqk d ay;&onf h (vkycf ) - qk donfrmS tr_xrf;&Gufay;cJ h&jcif; (0g) tr_xrf;&eftwGuf vkyu f dkiaf y;cJ h&aom tvky f (0g) vky&f rnf htvkyt f wGuf tvkyt f uk diEf hiS f ywfoufaom uefx d&ku f oabmwlpmcsKyfa&;xm;onfjzpfap/ ra&;xm;onfjzpfap/ 4if;pmcsKyft&/ tvky&f iS rf S tvkyo f rm;uk d ay;&rnfjzpfonf h aiGa=u;/ 4if;uk dtcsde/f vkyif ef;wm0ef/ ykwjf ywftvky/f tvkyf qka=u; (0g) aumfr&Sif tvkyu f dk rlwnfjyD; yH kaoowfrw S fxm;jcif; (0g) 4if;tvkyt f wGu f tjcm; aom wGucf sufenf;jzif h jzpfap/ vkyt f m;cay;jcif; (0g) vkyfu kdi&f aom tvkyt f wGuf tca=u;aiG(0g)rnfo d @k yifac:apumrl vkycf aiG.wpdww f dyki;f yifjzpfonf? xk d @jyif vkycf
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pmrsufEmS -34
xJwiG f tvkyo f rm;twGi;f 0ef.qH k;jzwfay;onf hw dik f tvkyf&iS rf S tvkyo f rm;twGuf xH k;pH"avht&ay;&rnfjzpfaom w&m;r#wI avsmfuefaom wef dz;k d&Sonf h tpm; tpm/ aexk di&f efae&mES hi f tjcm;vk dtyfaom ypPn;f wk d @vnf;yg0ifonf? pm&if;yg ypPnf;wk d @. w&m;r#wI av#mfuefaomwef dz;k onf tvky&f Sirf S tvkyo f rm; twGuf ukeu f s p&dwu f d k jyojcif;jzpfI tvky&f Si f (0g)4if;.tzG J@0if rnfo @l tjrwftpGe;f rS yg0ifjcif;r&S d&? aiG r[kwb f J ukeyf pPnf;jzif h tca=u;ay;jcif;uk d TOya'ES hif tnDvkycf rsm;[lI rSwf,l rnfr[kwfay? T Oya'abmifrS cG hijf yKEk diaf om vcxJrS E_wf,jl cif;wk d @onf tvkyo f rm; rsm;. (6)v twGi;f trSe&f d&Saomvkycf a=u;uk d qDavsmaf omtenf;qH k; E_e;f xm;xuf ed hru f s oGm;&ef rjzpfapEk diyf g? yk'rf (57) All Burma Wage Equity Board
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pmrsufEmS -35
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pmrsufEmS -36
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pmrsufEmS -37
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zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -38
yk'rf (63) aiGay;acsonf hae&m vkycf aiGrsm;ud k yd kr kv d kH+cHKr_ d&S&ef tumtuG,fay;&ef tajctaersm;jzpfay:vmygu tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD; (Xme) rS jyXmef;aom pnf;rsO;f rsm;t&rSv JGI vkycf aiGrsm;ud k tvky f ae&mwGi f od k @r[kw f teD;tyg;wGio f mv#i f ay;acs&rnf? yk'rf (64) vkycf aiGrsm;ud k wd kuf& ku d af y;jcif; vkycf rsm;ud k ay;tyf&rnf h tvkyo f rm;rsm;ud kom wd kuf& kduaf y;&rnf? (atmufyg cG si;f csurf sm;rSty) (u) tm%m zd dEyS v f r$ ;f rd k;r_jzpf hcv J #if (od k @r[kw)f oif hav#maf omfpnf;rsO;f rsm;t& tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;rS qH k;jzwfay;rnf h/ tjcm;aom txl;tajctaersm; jzpfay:aeI/ vkycf xkwaf y;&efrjzpfE kid v f #i/f tvkyo f rm;. vkycf aiGu kd xkwf,cl hiG af y;&ef um,uH &Si f ud k,fw kid rf S tm%mv$ Jpma&;ay;xm;olu ko d mv#i f vkycf aiGxkwaf y;vd hrrf nf? tvkyo f rm;uG,v f Ge hcf aJ omf tvky&f Sio f nf uG,v f eG o f ltvkyo f rm;. vkycf aiGu kd ‚if;. tarGpm; tarGcrH sm;tm; raoqH k;rDa&;xm;aom aowrf;pmud k toH k;jyK&onf h vkyef nf;vky[ f efrvd kyEJ hiS f xkwaf y;Ed kio f nf? vkyyf kid cf hGi Sf&daom awmif;cHolrsm;tm;vH k; onf t&G,fa&muf+yD;olrsm;jzpfygu uG,v f Geo f El hiS f aqGrsKd;awmfpyfy krH eS u f efa=umif;ES hif tjcm;rnfolrrS oufq dik yf J ‚if;wd k @omv#i f tarGpm;tarGcHrsm;jzpfonfq ko d nf htcsuf ud k usr;f usdev f $mjzif h Oya't& twnfjzpfap&ef a&;om;csKyfq k&d rnf? tarGpm; tarGco H lonf t&G,rf a&mufao;oljzpfygu aqGrsK;d xJrS tkyx f dr;f ol (0g) aoG;teD;qH k; aqGrsK;d rS usr;f usdev f $mjzif h ‚if;. ud k,fpm;vS,t f jzpf aqmif&Gucf sKyfq kad y;&rnf? xd kusr;f usdev f m$ ud k tvky&f Sit f m; ay;tyf&rnf// tvky&f Sio f nfvnf; tvkyo f rm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -39
0ef=uD;(0g)‚if;.ud k,pf m;vS,rf w S qif hom aiGxw k fay;vd hrfrnf// tvkyo f rm;0ef=uD;. ud k,pf m;vS,o f nf tarGpm; tarGcw H k @d t=um; &&S dvmaomaiGu kd cH korm"d 'd kiv f l =uD;tjzpf pDrcH ef @ JcG a0iSay;&rnf// ay;jyD;aom aiGyrm%ES hif ywfoufI T yk'rf wGif yg d&Saom vkycf rsm;ay;acs qk donf htcsuft&/ tvky&f Sio f nf a&S @qufjyD; ay;qyfp&m wm0efrsm;rS uif;&Si;f vGwjf idr;f cG hi&f d&Srnf// yk'rf (65) pmcsKyf csKyfq ko d lE hiS f pmcsKyfq kdo. l vufaxmuf// rnfonf h tcsderf qd k tvky&f Siw f OD;onf tjcm;olwOD;ES hif ‚if;tvky&f Si. f vkyif ef;ud k aqmif&u G af y;&ef oabmwlpmcsKyfcsKyfq kcd Jah omf xd koabmwlpmcsKyf. uefx±d kuw f m od k @r[kwf ‚if;.vufaxmuf uefx±d kufwm&S d hcaJ omf olw k @d .tvkuform;rsm;ud k/ TOya'yg pnf;urf;csurf sm;twd ki;f vkycf ay;&rnf// xd kuefx±d kufwmES hif vufaxmufuefx±d kuw f mwd k @onf tvkyo f rm;rsm;. vkyfcaiGu d kf T “Oya'yk'rf ” ES hif vd kufavsmnDpmG ay;aqmif&ef ysuu f u G hcf aJ omf tvky&f Sio f nf rdru d d, k fw d kif f wd ku&f ku d fimS ;&rf;aom tvkyo f rm;rsm;ay:wGi f Oya't&wm0ef d&Sonf htwd ki;f uefx±d kuw f mES hif vufaxmufuefx±d kufwmwd k @ ly;l wG JIvnf;aumif;/ oD;jcm;ud k,pf D ud k,if t S aejzif hvnf;aumif;/ xd ktvkyo f rm;rsm; vkyaf y;cJ haom vkyif ef;twd ki;f twmt& oabmwl pmcsKyfyg twd ki;f vkycf ay;&ef Oya't&wm0ef d&Sonf// T“Oya'yk'rf ”yg rnfonf hpnf;urf;csufu kdrqd k Oyg,w f r#ijf zif h tompD;&&ef vkyaf qmif&ef(0g) csKd ;azmufjcif;ud k wm;qD;&ef T“Oya'yk'rf ”wGiyf g d&Saom tvkyo f rm;rsm;. tcG hit f a&;rsm;ud k umuG,&f ef tvkyo f rm;0ef=uD;. oif havsmf aom pnf;rsO;f t& xd ktvkyo f rm;ES hi f csKyfq dak om pmcsKyfu ku d ef @owfjcif;(0g) wm;jrpf jcif; jyKvkyEf kid o f nf// tvkyf&iS . f oabmwlpmcsKyf (0g) wqif hcpH mcsKyf. t"du tusdK;cHpm;&olrmS tvkyo f rm;ES hif uefx±d kufwmES hif vufaxmuf uefx±d kuf wmwd k @. tvkyo f rm;rsm; t=um;jzpfay:onf h udp&P yfrsm;wGif uefx ±d kuw f mES hif vufaxmuf uefx±d kuw f m wd k @u kd tvky&f Si. f ud k,fpm;vS,t f jzpfom rSw, f l &vd hrrf nf// tvky±f iS o f mv#if tvky f orm;rsm;tay:wGif rdru d kd,fw kid f wd ku d¶f u k f tvkycf ef @xm;onf h tvkyo f rm; enf;wl twd d ki;f twm ulnpD mG wm0ef d¶v S hrd rf nf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -40
yk'rf (66) oG,0f ku d ftvky¶f iS f ? teD;uyfq k;H a¶S @wiG af z:jycJ haom yk'rf yg pnf;urf;csurf sm;onf tvm;wlpmG yif rnfonf hoG,0f ku d f tvky¶f iS fu kdrqd k &nfn$e;f &rnf? oG,0f ku d t f vky¶f iS f wduspmG az:jy &aomf rnfonf hy d*k K~ vf /tpkpyfvkyif ef; toif;(0g) aumfy kad &;&Si;f jzpfap tvky¶f iS f r[kwyf J rnfonf htvkyt f ud kiv f kyif ef; /tvky f (0g) pDru H ed ;f vkyif ef;ud k rqd k vkyaf qmif &efvw G v f yfaom uefx d¶kufwm wOD;ES hio f abmwlpmcsKyfcsKyfq ko d lyif jzpfonf? yk'rf (67) tmrcHaiGxm;¶S djcif;? tvky¶f iS (f 0g)oG,f0 ku d t f vky¶f iS o f nf uefx d¶kuw f m (0g) vufaxmufuefx d¶kuw f m xHro S abmwl pmcsKyfyg vk fyo f m;c ukeu f sp&dwf ES hif nDr sS aom tmrcHaiGu kd xm;&S day;&ef vd kvm;vd hrrf nf? Tu,fIuefx d¶kufwm (0g)vufaxmufuefx¶d kuf wd k @rt S vkyo f rm; rsm;tm;ay;&ef d&aS om vkycf aiGrsm;ud k ay;acs&ef ysuu f u G fonf hudpP jzpfay:cJ haomf /‚if;(tpd k;&) aiGacs;pmcsKyfonf wm0ef,lonf [laom tmrcHonf h pnf;urf;csujf zif hxm;&S d&efjzpfonf? yk'rf (68) rnfonf hOya' rqd k ,if;csuEf hiS q f ef @usiv f sucf ck jH cif;rjyKvS S sif tvky¶f iS (f 0g) oG,0f ku d f tvky¶f iS w f kdi;f onf ‚if;.uefx d¶kuw f m (0g) vufaxmufuefx d¶kufwm ES hit f wl/ T“Oya'yk'rf ”ygrnfonf h pnf;urf;csucf sKd ;azmufru _ krd qd k wm0ef d&Sonf[k cH,o l wf rSwf&rnf? Ttcef;Y ‚if;wd k @rnfonf htwd ki;f twmtxd (w&m;r) Oya't& wm0ef d&Sa=umif;uk d qH k;jzwf&ef&nf&, G cf sufjzif h/ 4if;wk d @u dk wk du d&f kuf tvky&f Sirf sm;[lI owfrw S f ,lqrnf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -41
yk'rf (69) ta=uG;rqyf dEik af om vl JrpG m&if;0if (a'0gvcD )H &vsif tvkyo f rm;tm; OD;pm;ay;jcif;? tvky&f Si. f vkyif ef;ud k/ ta=uG;rqyfE kid I f vl JrpG m&if;0if (a'0gvcD )H &vsSif (0g) pD;yGm; a&;vkyif ef;pm&if; &Si;f zsuo f rd ;f &onftjzpfE hiS f }uHK&vsSif ‚if;.tvkyo f rm;rsm;onf vkycf rsm;/ tjcm;aiGa=u;ES hiq f kid af om &yd kicf hiG rf sm;Oya'yg rnfonf hpnf;urf; csufrqd k qef @usiv f siS f ckcw H Ge;f vSejf cif;rvkyv f siS /f tvkyo f rm;rsm;. vkycf twGuf/ yxr OD;pm;ay;tjzpf aqmif&Guaf y;&rnf? tvky&f Sirf rS ay;acs&ao;aom vkycf aiGrsm;ES hif aiGa=u;qd ki&f m&yd kicf hiG rf sm;ud k tpd k;&ES hi f tjcm;jrD;&Sirf sm;. aiGa=u;&yd kicf hGifrsm; xufapm I tvsifO;D pGm/ jyD;jynf hp kaH tmifay;acs&rnf? yk'rf (70) TwGiyf g d&Saom/ vd kuef mapmif hxde;f tyfaom 0wW&m;rsm;ud k tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD; (0g) T“Oya'yk'rf ”. vd kuef map&ef aqmif&Gu&f jcif;[laom tyd ki;f Yxnf hoiG ;f xm;onf h twd ki;f / vd kuef maqmif&Gu&f rnf? 0ef}uD;. Tta&;,laqmif&u G fjcif;ES hif yk*v ~ du. wjydKifeuf ta&;,laqmif&u G jf cif;rsm;ud k (w&m;Oya't&) &yfwef @ qkw, f kwrf oGm; ap&ef jzpfonf? yk'rf (71) atmufyg ydwyf ifwm;jrpfcsufrsm;ES hif vd ktyfcsurf sm;ud k csKd ;azmufygu‚if;vky&f yfonf rw&m;aom (od k @r[kw)f w&m;r0ifaom vkycf ay;jcif;om jzpfv hrd rf nf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -42
(u) (1)vkycf aiGpw d f}udKufo kH; JpGc hiG u f kd 0ifa&mufpw G fzufjcif;rjyK&? rnfonf htvky&f Siu f rS rnfonf htvkyo f rm;. rdrpd w d f}udKufvyk cf aiGu kd oH k; JpG dEkio f nf h vGwv f yfc hiG t f m; uef @owfjcif;(0g)wenf;tm;jzif h0ifa&mufpw G zf ufjcif; rjyK vky&f ? tvky&f iS o f nf‚if;.tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm;ukepf nfa&mif;ukeyf pPnf; (0g) tjcm; aomypPn;f wd k @u kd rdrx d Hr S (0g) tjcm;olwOD;xHr S (0g) wenf;wzH ktm;jzif h ‚if;tvky&f Sif (0g) tjcm;olwOD;. od kavSmifypPnf; (�����)(0g) 0efaqmifrw _ k @d u kd oH k; JpGap&ef rnfonf h enf;ES hirf sSt"rR apcd ki;f jcif;/ r&rucd ki;f jcif; (0g) 0wW&m;t& vkyaf pjcif;wd k @u kd rvky&f ? (2) vkycf rS ESKwf,jl cif;? txufwiG af zmfjyxm;jyD;jzpfaom/cG hijf yKcsuaf y;xm;onf hudprP v S JGI/ tvky&f Sif wOD;onf4if;ud k,w f kdit f m;jzif h (0g)wpH kwa,mufu kd ud k,fpm;jyKonf h taejzif h ‚if; tvkyo f rm; rsm;. vkycf aiGrsm;xJr/S rnfo d k @f aomE_w, f jl cif;ud krrS jyKvky&f ? od k @aomf c|if;csuftm;jzif h (u) tvkyo f rm;.oabmwlnDcsu-f tvky&f Sirf S tmrcHxm;ay;onf h udpP rsm;wGi/f tmrcH(y&Dr, D aH }u;)tjzpf ‚if;ay;oGi;f xm;aomaiGtwdtusu kdom tvky&f Siu f kdjyefay;qyf&eftaejzif h E_wf, dEl ik af omudprP sm;wGi?f (c) or*~xHay;oGi;f &efaiGrsm;ud k/ tvky&f iS rf pS pk ak ygi;f aphpyfn d dES kiS f;oabmwlnD csut f & (0g) oufq kid &f mtvkyo f rm;. w&m;0ifpma&;om;/ tm%mv$ Jtyf jcif;ES hif nDpmG tvkyo f rm;.tcG hit f a&; (0g) ‚if;or*~raS iGEw _ f,lxm;cG hif ay;jcif;ud k todtrSwjf yKxm;jyDaomudp&P yfrsm;wGi?f (*) tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;rSxw k jf yefaomOya'(0g)pnf;rsO;f rsm;t&/ tvky&f Sif tm; tm%mv$ Jtyf ay;xm;aomudprP sm;wGiEf w _ f, dEl ik o f nf? (3)qH k; H¶S k;r_ (0g) xdc ku d fysufp;D r_twGuf pay:aiG§p&HaiGay;jcif;? avS smfa}u;ay;&aiGrsm;jym;jcif;ES hif aiGu kd E_wf,x l m;jcif; jyKvkyaf vh d&aS om (0g) a,bl,stm;jzif h p&HaiGay;oGi;f xm;&ef vd ktyfaom (0g)r&S drjzpfv kd tyfaom (0g)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -43
vd kvm;tyfonf[k tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;rS avS S smfuefaom pnf;urf;pnf;rsO;f rsm;t& qH k;jzwfowfrw S fay;xm;onf h xd ko k @d aom toufarG;0rf;ausmif; tvkyt f ud kiv f yk if ef; (0g) tvkyrf sm;wGiv f kyu f kdiaf eonf h tvkyo f rm;xHrS tvky&f Sirf x S kwaf y;xm;aom vufeufud&, d mrsm; ypPn;f rsm; (0g) ud&d,mwefqmyvmrsm; aysmufq k;H jcif; (0g) xdc ku d fysufp;D jcif;jzpfv sS ipf &HaiGxJr S tavS smt f pm;E_w, f dEl ik &f ef rnfonf h tvky&f Siu f rS ‚if;.tvkyo f rm;tm;aiGp&H ay;oGi;f xm;&ef vd ktyfonf[lI rawmif;qd k&? (4) uef @owfcsuf ? tvkyo f rm;wOD;. p&HaiG§pay:aiGxJrS qH k; H¶_;r_ (0g) xdc ku d fysupf ;D r_twGuf trSef wu,f ukeu f sonf hyrm%ud k wm0ef d¶o S l (0g) tvky&f Sirf S ¶Si;f vif;pGm raz:jyrjcif; (0g) (w&m;0if) todray;rjcif; avS smaf }u;aiGEw _ f,jl cif; rjyKvky&f ? (5) tvkycf aiGrsm;ud kray;jcif;ES hi f =um;rStusdK;aqmifc§yG Jpm;cay;&jcif;ud k wm;jrpf ydwfyifxm;onf? rnfolrqk d tvkyo f rm;wOD;. vkycf aiGxrJ rS nfr sS aom aiGyrm%ud krqd k wd kuf& ku d f jzpfap (0g) oG,f0 ku d I f jzpfapray;yJ xdrcf sex f m;jcif;jzif haomfvnf;aumif; (0g) jcdr;f ajcmufjcif;jzif h aomfvnf;aumif;/ a=umuf& @G o H Gm;apjcif;jzif haomf vnf;aumif;/ cd k;a=umifc k;d 0Sujf yKjcif;jzif haomf vnf;aumif;/ t"rRenf; toH k;jyKjcif;jzif h aomfvnf; aumif;/ ‚if;.vkycf xJrS aiGa=u;tcsKd @w0uf od k @r[kw f tm;vH k;ud kay;tyfap&ef jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifv sS i f (0g) tjcm;aomrnfonf henf;ES hirf qd k ‚if;tvkyo f rm;. oabmwlncD surf ,lb J jyKvky hcf aJ omf ‚if;vky&f yfonf w&m;Oya'rS cG hirf jyKaom vky&f yf jzpfonf? (6) tvkyt f ud ki&f ap&ef tmrcHay;I aiGEw _ , f jl cif;? tvkyo f rm;wOD;.vkycf aiGxrJ aS eI tvkyt f ud ki&f d&Saprnf [laom cH0ef uwday;I (0g) qufvuf JpjG rJpmG tvkyv f kyu f kid cf hGif&&ef [laomtvky&f Si f (0g) ‚if;. ud k,pf m;vS, f (0g) =um;rStusdK;aqmif. tusdK;tjrwftwGuf aiGEw _ , f ljcif;onf w&m;Oya't& cG hirf jyKaom vky&f yfjzpfonf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -44
(7) rnfonf h vdi§f umrES hio f ufq kid af om? rsufEmS om&&S d&ef aus;Zl;jyKjcif;rsm;ES hif rnfr sS tzd k;xd kuw f efaom OpPmypPn;f ud k ay;urf;rS tvkyt f ud ki&f aprnf tvkyq f ufvufjrJjrHpmG vkycf iG f&h dEkirf nf tvkycf iG f wGi;f tusdK;aus;Zl; (0g) tcG hit f a&;omr_&aprnf[laom uwday;jcif; (0g) tvkyf tud kif ES hiyf wfowfI tjcm;aomtcG hix f l;&&S drnf[al om owfrw S cf sufrsm;ES hif tvm;wl tajctaersm;twGuf tzd k;tctaejzif h (rnfol wOD;wa,mufxrH )S twif;t}uyf awmif;qd kjcif;rjyK&? (8) vufw k @H jyefonf htaejzif h ta&;,lvyk af qmifcsufrsm;? rauseyfcsu d&f SI wd kiw f ef;jcif;jyKvkyaf om (0g) Tacgi;f pOfatmufraS eI w&m;pG Jq d&k ef pnf; H¶k;&ef ulnaD y;aom (0g) oufaocHxu G fq kad y;aom (0g) oufaocH xGuq f k&d ef d&aS om rnfonf htvkyo f rm;ud krqd k tvky&f iS w f OD;onf vkycf ay;&ef jiif;qd k jcif; (0g) vkycf rsm;ES hi f &oif honf h tusdK;cHpm;r_rsm;ud k avS smhcsv ku d jf cif;(0g) tvkyrf S xkwyf ,fjcif; (0g) wenf;enf;jzif h JcG JcjG cm;jcm;owfrw S jf cif;rsm;ud k jyKvky hcf yJ gu ‚if;jyKvkyjf cif;onf w&m;Oya'u cG hirf jyKaom aqmif&Gujf cif;jzpfonf? (9) rrSeu f efaom owif;ay;jcif;? (u) rnforl qd k rnfonf hxu G q f kcd suf owif;ay;jcif; (0g) rSwfwrf;wd k @u krd qd k T“Oya'yk'rf ” ygpnf;urf;csufrsm;ES hif vd kuaf vsmnDpmG rSwfwrf;wifjcif; (0g) xm;&S djcif; wd k @u kd jyKvkyjf yD; ‚if;xGuq f kcd sufowif;ES hif rSwfwrf;wd k @onf rnfonf h tcsuEf fiS h ywfowfIrqd k rrSeu f efa}umif;ud k odvsufE hiS jf yKvky hcf jJ cif; jzpf hcaJ omf ‚if;.jyKvkyjf cif; onf w&m;Oya'u cG hirf jyKaom vkyaf qmifjcif;jzpfonf? (c) Tvd ktyfcsufrsm;ud k a&S kmifwrd ;f &ef&nf&, G fI rnfonf hw&m;aom vkycf ay; aqmif&u G jf cif; (0g) t}uHtpnfjyKvkyjf cif;/ aqmif&Gujf cif; (0g) vkyif ef;rqk d twnf rjzpf ysujf y,fjcif;ES hif cd kiv f kHwnfjrJjcif;r&S day? yk'rf (--) wGif t"dym` ,f zGiq f kx d m;onf h toH k;tE_ H;rsm;twd ki;f t}uD;tus, f jyKvkyjf cif;(0g) tusdK;wl vkyif fef;pktay: tajccH jyD; jyKvkyaf omrnfonf ht}uHtpnf/ aqmif&Gujf cif; (0g) vkyif ef;rqd k (--) ESpx f uf renf; (--)ESpx f ufrrsm;aomumvwGit f usO;f csxm; cH&jcif;ES hi f TOya'yg pnf;urf; vd kuef mapjcif;[lonf htcsuft& w&m;pG Jq k&d mwGi f jyefvnf& d&SaptyfaomavS smaf =u;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -45
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(*) Tyk'rf atmufwiG f xkwfjyefaom tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;. w&m;0ifu k, d fpm;vS,. f trde @f u kd tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;xHE hiS 0f ef}uD;rSwqif h w&m;¶k H;od k @ pDrt H yk cf sKyfa&;ES hif qd kif aom aqmif&Gucf sufu k d jyefvnfpOf;pm;oH k;oyf&ef [laomta}umif; jycsufE hiS f qd kio f nf h aqmif&u G fcsufrsm;ud k jyefvnfpOf;pm; oH k;oyf&ef[laom ta}umif;jycsuf ES hit f nD ud k;um;I toem;cH (t,lc)H wif dEik o f nf? 0ef}uD;trde @f jzpfap/ 4if;. uk d,pf m;vS,f. trde @f jzpfap TOya'wnf d&SpOfE hiS f 4if;trde @f ajymif;jyef rjzpfrcsi;f atmufwGi f azmfjyaom (i) tcsufygtwk di;f vk duef m&rnf? tu,fI xk dxw k fjyefxm;aom trde @f onf aiGa=u;ES hiq f dik af om pD&ifcsufe hiS f ywfouf aev#i/f tvky&f iS w f ifoGi;f aom toem;cHcsufonf toem;cHonf h xkwfxm;aom trde @f yg aiGyrm%ES hif nDr#aom aiGu d k tmrcHwifxm;jcif; (0g) *k%o f wif;aumif;I odumQ d&Sonf h aiGacs;pmcsKyfvufrw S f xkwaf y;onf h ukr% ` DrS aiGacs;pmcsKyf vufrw S f wifoiG ;f jcif;uk d tvky&f Siu f jyKvkyrf o S mv#if txajrmufE kid fonf? (C) tvm;wlyif tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;onf tzG J @tpnf;rS wnfaxmifxm;aom vkyif ef;wck. rnfonf h Xme (0g) ,lepfrqk d Oya'uk d vk dufemjcif; r&S djcif;/ (0g) pnf;rsO;f rsm; taumifxnfazmf&mwGif tvkycf iG . f vH kjcHKr_E hiS f use;f rma&;uk d xd dcu k jf cdr;f ajcmuf r_tm; odomavmufatmif jy\emjzpfapv#if tvky&f yfwef @apjcif;/ (0g) vkyu f dik f ywfvnfr _ &yfq dik ;f apjcif;/ (ydwx f m;jcif;trde @f ) trde @f u dk csrw S Ef kid o f nf? tvky&f yfwef @ apjcif; (0g) vkyu f dkiv f nfygwfr_ &yfq dik ;f xm;apjcif; [lonf htrde @f u kd &kwford ;f ay;&ef oif h§roif h qk donfu dk qH k;jzwfe kid &f ef (24) em&DtwGi;f =um;emppfaq;jcif;uk d aqmif&u G af y;&rnf? tu,fI csK;d azmufjcif;onf tvky&f Si. f trSm; (ok d @r[kw)f tjypf[k ta=umif;jy rSwf, dEl ik af omf tvky&f Sio f nf xk do d @k aom tvky&f yfwef @aecsed f (0g) tvkyt f ud kiv f nfywfjcif;rS &yfwef @csed u f mv twGi;f oufq dik &f m tvkyo f rm; rsm; &oif haom vpmaiGrsm;ES hi f vkycf aiGrsm;ud k ay;&rnf? (i) rnfonf hy d*k K~ vf Entity qk d tvkyo f rm;twGi;f 0ef (0g) 4if;. w&m;0if tm%m vG Jtyfxm;aom uk d,fpm;vS,rf sm;u Tyk'rf atmufwiG f ay;xm;aom tm%mES hif tnDxkwjf yefaom trde @f rsm;uk d ydwq f k @d &ef/ wm;qD;&ef/ =uef @=umap&ef/ (0g) wenf;tm;jzif h tusKd;xda&mufr_ r&S dap&ef jyKvky hcf v J #if 4if;vky&f yfonf Oya'u cG hirf jyKaom vky&f yfjzpfonf? 4if;tjyif yk*v ~ durS Oya'vk duef map&ef w&m;&H k; trde @f
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4if;aiGtm;/ uav;rsm; (0g) rd§b wOD;OD; (0g) ud k,fpm;vS, f (0g) yk'rf - 64 (c) wGif &Si;f vif;wifjyxm;onf h vkyfx kH;vkyef nf;twk di;f vkyaf qmifay;&rnf? T “Oya'”atmifwiG f &oih fonf h awmif;qk djcif;uk d 0ef}uD;onf rnfonf hta=umif; a=umif hrqk d Oya't& ay;&ef d&Saom aiGyrm%ES hif xk dvuf d&Stajctae ukeo f , G fa&; ayguaf ps;t&xuf (--µ) jrif haom twk d;aiGu kdyg aygi;f jyD; 4if;xufenf;I ay;&ef ajz&Si;f ay;jcif; rjyK&? pDrt H yk cf sKyfa&;. aqmif&u G cf suu f dk jyefvnfo kH;oyf&ef[lI cG hijf yKxm;onf h ta=umif; jycsujf zif h/ Tpnf;urf;csuaf tmufrS rnfonf hq k;H jzwfcsuf (0g) ajyvnfap&ef/ ajz&Si;f csuu f drk qk d toem;cH (t,lc)H wifoGi;f dEkio f nf? ok d @aomf xk do d @k toem;cHjcif;onf ay;qyf&rnf[laom trde @f u kd qk di;f hiHrxm;ap&? yk'rf (74) jypf'%ftjzpf tvky dcf ik ;f I ta=uG;qyfapjcif;ES hi f csKyfcs,x f m;jcif;? rnfonf htvkyo f rm;uk drqk d tjypf'%ftjzpf vkyt f m;jzif h ta=uG;qyfap&efapck di;f enf; tm;vH k;wk d @onf T Oya'jzif h w&m;r0ifa=umif;a=ujimonf ? T yk'rf atmufwGif rnfonf hta=umif;a=umif hrqk d umrvkyo f m;rsm;ud k tvkyo f rm;rsm;tjzpf owfrw S f &rnf? tjypf'%fay;qyf&eftvkyaf pck dif;jcif;/ tvkyo f rm;rsm;uk d ppfwyfxo J d @k r0ifrae &[k trde @f ay;xkwjf yefjcif; acsmqG Jjcif;/ (ay:wmqG Jjcif;)ESi fh tvkyo f rm;rsm;uk d wm;jrpf [ef @wm;&efzt d m;oH k;jcif;/ t"rRjyKrljcif;/ jcdr;f ajcmufjcif;ES hi f rw&m;jyKrljcif; (0g) tvkyf orm;wk d @tm; o,f, dyl @k aqmifay;olwpH kwOD;. vGwv f yfpmG oGm;vmv_y&f mS ;r_u dk jzwf awmufjcif;tm;vH k;wk d @onf yk'rf (--)tjypf'%fcx H dkuaf om &mZ0wfr}_ uD;yifjzpfonf? tu,fI TOya'wGi f wm;jrpfxm;onf hvyk af qmifcsuw f ckonf txufyg yk'rf (--) wGiaf zmfjyxm;onf htwk di;f /tusKd;wlvkyif ef;pk(0g)twk di;f }uD;rm;aomvkyif ef;wcktay: tajccHIjyKvkyaf qmif&u G hfcaJ omf jypfru _ sL;vGeo f t l m; axmif'%fwouftxd tjypf ay;Ek dijf cif;ES hix f dkol.ypPn;f OpPmrsm; &yk dicf hiG f tm;vH k;wk d @u k d tpk d;&rS odr;f ,l&rnf?
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yk'rf (75) pmcsKyf csKyfq d dyk ik o f nf h tcG hit f a&; vlw dik ;f wGif tvkyEf hiS yf wfoufI rdrt d vky&f Sirf S vufrw S af &;xk d;xm;aom oabmwl pmcsKyf csKyfq d dyk ik fciG fh d&S&rnf? xk doabmwl pmcsKyfxJwiG f tvkyt f ud ki. f pnf;urf;csuf rsm;/ tajctaersm;/ vkycf rsm;/ vkycf &rnf h umvtyk dit f jcm;/ tvkycf sed /f wm0efrsm;/ tusK;d cHpm;cG hirf sm; ay;aqmif&rnf h aiGE hiS f vkycf xJr S jzwfawmufjcif;rsm;onfvnf; yg0if&rnf? 4if;oabmwlpmcsKyfu dk tvkyv f yk &f onf h wk di;f jynf. dEkiif aH wmfo k;H bmompum;jzif h a&;om;&rnf? TpmcsKyfu dk tvkyform;tm; tvkypf wif0if a&mufonf h yxrae@wiG f (0g) awmif;qk daom tcgwGi f ay;tyf&rnf? tu,fI xk dtvkyu f kdio f nf pkaygi;f !S d _Eid ;f oabmwlncD su. f xdr;f csKyfra_ tmufwGi f jzpfaeygu oabmwlpmcsKyfu dk tvkyv f yk &f onf h wk di;f jynf. dEkiif o H kH;bmompum;jzif h a&;om; xm;jyD; tvkypf wif0ifa&mufonf h yxrae@wiG f (0g) awmif;qk daom tcgwGi f ay;tyf &rnf? yk'rf (76) trde @f tm%mjzif h jyXmef;xm;aom tcsufyg pmyk'rf sm;? pmcsKyfw dik ;f wGi f txufygtcsurf sm;tjyif atmufyg tcsuw f d @k u dkvnf; xnf hoiG ;f xm; &rnf? (u) oif hawmfaom owday;pmray;yJ tvkyjf zKwfjcif; udprP w S yg; tvkyjf zKwfypfjcif; ES hif ywfoufI xnf hoGi;f &rnf htcsurf sm;rSm w&m;&H k;wGi f =um;emppfaq;cH dyik fciG Efh hiS f w&m;Oya'ES hit f nD jzpfapjcif;jzpfonf? tvky&f Si dyf ik q f dkiaf om ypPnf;tm; dck;,ljcif;/ tjypf'%fp&D ifc&H jcif;a=umif h tvkyrf S ysuu f Gujf cif; ESp}f udrw f dik w f dkif owday;jyD; aemufwiG f w&m;0ifjzpfaom tvky. f pnf;urf;uk d qufvufcsK;d azmufjcif;/ T “Oya'” yg tcsuw f d @k u d k csK;d azmufjcif; oH k;}udro f k;H cgajrmufatmif owday;jyD;ygvsuf tvkyw f m0efu d k a=uyGepf mG xrf;aqmif&ef rjzpf dEik af wmhaom tjcm; }uD;av;onf h jypfru _ sL;vGejf cif;rsm;onf w&m;Oya'ES hit f nD jyKvkyo f nf h w&m;aom ta=umif;wGif
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pmrsufEmS -50
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pmrsufEmS -51
yk'rf (78) txufazmfjyyg tvkyo f rm;rsm;twGuf owfrw S fcsufrsm; (0g) tumtuG,af y;xm; csurf sm;xJrS rnfonf htcsuu f krd qk d vGwu f if;oGm;ap&ef (0g) avsmyh g;oGm;ap&ef &nf&, G fjyKvkyaf om rnfonf hoabmwlnDcsufu kdrS todtrSwfrjyKvky&f ? tvkyf orm;wk d @twGuf yd k drt k a&;om&aprnf h oabmwlnDcsufrsm; (0g) vkyu f kid jf cif;rsm; wpk Hw&m avS smyh g;oGm;ap&ef xk dowfrw S fcsufrsm; (0g) tumuG,fay;xm;csurf sm; tay: trS DrjyK&?
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zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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(c) trsKd ;om;§trd sL;orD; oD;oef @a&tdro f mrsm;/ ud k,v f ufoef @pifcef;rsm;ud k xm;&S d ay;&efE fiS h trd sK;orD;wd k @twGu f t0wftpm;vJv, S cf ef; (tenf;qk H;) wcef;ay;xm; &ef? (*) tjynfjynfq dik &f mrS todtrSwjf yKxm;aom tqif htwef;rD cav;xde;f cef; ae&m ud k tvkyXf mexJwiG f (0g) teD;tyg;wGif xk dXmeY tvkyv f kyaf om trd sK;orD;rsm;. tusdK;iSm xm;&S dap&ef? yk'rf (80) Maternity leave benefits rD;zGm;cG hi f cHpm;Ek dif&ef (u) tvky&f Siw f dki;f onf vGe hcf o J nf h (12) vtwGi;f tenf;qk H; (6)v tvkyv f kyf hcJaom ud k,f0efaqmif trd sK;orD; tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm; rD;rzGm;rD &ufowWywf (2) ygwEf hiS f HykreS f rD;zGm;jyD;aemuf (0g) om;ysujf yD;aemuf &ufowWygw f (4) ygwt f wGuf HykreS f rD;zGm;jyD;aemuf (0g) om;ysujf yD;aemuf &yfowWygw f (4) ygwftwGuf HykreS f (0g) tygwpf Of ysr;f rS s vkycf aiG tjynf hjzih f rD;zGm;cG hiaf y;&rnf? rD;zGm;cG hi f awmif;vmol trsK;d orD;xHr S (2) ygwt f wGi;f rD;zGm;vd hrrf nfq ko d nf h aq;vufrw S f/ q&m0ef. axmufcpH muk d wifjy&ef tvky&f Siu f awmif;qk d dEik o f nf? (c) rD;zGm;cG firh w S dk;I wqufwnf; ud k,f0efaqmif&I/ rD;zGm;&I/ om;ysufI (ok d @r[kwf) ud k,0f efysuI f vkyif ef;cGio f d @k 0if&ef roih fawmfao;a=umif; aq;vufrw S f axmufcpH m wifjyI vpmrJ hjzif h cG fiq h ufvuf ,l dEik &f rnf? olrwGif cG hifr,lbJ pkaqmif;xm;onf h vkyo f ufc fiG &h ufrsm;r&S d hcv J sS if xk d cG hiq f ufvuf&onf htwGuf vkycf aiGu kd awmif;cH dEkirf nf r[kwaf y? (*) T “Oya'” pwiftwnf fjzpfonf h aemuf dyik ;f rSpwifI Tyk'rf (-) t& rD;zGm;cG hiaf y;jcif;wGif tvky&f Sifonf trd sK;orD; tvkyo f rm;. yxr av;=udrf rD;zGm; cG fiah y;jcif;twGufom vkycf ay;&rnf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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yk'rf (81) Wage Discrimination prohibited tvky Jcf jG cm;owfrw S jf cif;ud k wm;jrpfyw d yf ifjcif; tusdK;wefz k;d wlnDaom tvkyt f wGuf trd sK;orD;tvkyo f rm;wd k @u kd trd sK;om;tvkyf orm;wk d @E hiS f ,SOjf ydKifI vkycf ES hiv f yk cf wGi f t=uHK;0ifonf h vpm/ tusKd ;cHpm;cG hirf sm; (ok d @r[kwf) tjcm;vkyt f m;c/ qkvmbf tygt0ifw d @k u kd ay;&mwGif dyk drkenf;yg;onf h vkycf ay;jcif;ud k wm;jrpfyw d yf if&rnf? yk'rf (82) Stipulation against marriage tdraf xmifjyKjcif;ud k qef @usio f nf h pnf;urf;owfrw S fjcif; tvkyt f ud ki&f d&S&ef (od k @r[kwf) tvkyq f ufvufvyk u f d fik cf fGih& d&S&ef tvk d @imS trd sK;orD; tvkyo f rm;onf tdraf xmifrjyK&[lI vd ktyfaom tajcw&yftjzpf awmif;qk dv sS if (ok d @r[kwf) tdraf xmifjyKjyD;vS sif tqk dyg trd sK;orD;tvkyo f rm;onf tvkyrf t S vk d tavsmufEw _ x f u G jf yD;jzpfonf(ok d @r[kw)f JcGcmG om;jyD;jzpfonf htaejzih f ,lqowfrw S f &rnf[k xif&Sm;odompGm pnf;urf;xkwjf cif; (ok d @r[kw)f zG firh ajymbJ od d&S em;vnf apjcif; (ok d @r[kw)f trSew f u,f tvkyjf zKwfjcif;/ tvkyf xkwjf cif;/ JcGcjGJ cm;jcm; owfrw S jf cif;/ (ok d @r[kw)f wenf;tm;jzih f trd sK;orD;tvkyo f rm;tm; tdraf xmifjyK onf h ta=umif;oufoufa=umif h (tmCmwxm;jyD;) epfem apjcif;wk d @u kd tvky&f Sirf S jyKvk kyv f sS i f w&m;r0ifay? yk'rf (83) Prohibited Acts. wm;jrpfyw d fyifxm;onf h tufOya'rsm;? (u) rnfonf h tvky&f Sit f wGurf qk d w&m;r0ifjzpfapjcif;rSm(1) T “Oya'” yg tusdK;aus;Zl;cHpm;cG fiw h k @d u kd tvkyo f rm;tm; ray;bJ jiif;qk djcif; (ok d @r[kwf) tvkyrf S xkwfypfjcif;/ T “Oya'” yg tusdK;aus;Zl;cHpm;cG fiw h d @k u kd trd sK;orD; tvkyo f rm;taejzih f cHpm;cG fi h r&Ek diaf p&ef ta&;ygaom tmCmwxm; d&Sjcif;/ (2) trd sK;orD;wOD;tm; ud k,f0efaqmifaoma=umif h vnf;aumif; (ok d @r[kwf) rD;zGm;cG hif oGm;aecsed w f iG f 4if; tvkyrf S xkwyf pfjcif;/
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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(3) rD;zGm;cG hirf S tvkyjf yef0ifvmolu kd aemufw=udrf ud k,f0efaqmifrnfu kd pd k;&dro f jzif h tvkyjf yef0ifc hiG f ray;jcif; (ok d @r[kw)f tvkyrf S xkwyf pfjcif;/ yk'rf (84) Classification of certain workers tcsdK@aom tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm; trd sK;tpm;owfrw S fjcif;? rnfonf h nuvyf/ tES dycf ef;/ t&ufq dik f (ok d @r[kw)f tvm;wl vkyif ef;XmewGirf qk d tvky&f Siw f OD;. xda&mufaom tkyx f ed ;f r_ (ok d @r[kw)f =uD;=uyfuyG u f rJ a_ tmufY tvkyo f rm;0ef=uD;rS owfrw S af y;xm;onf h tcsdeu f mvtwGi;f vkycf &onf jzpfap§ r&onfjzpfap (tvkyv f kycf fiG &h aom rnfonf h tvkyo f rm;ud krqk d) tm;vk H;aom tvkyo f rm;ES fih vlra_ &;qk di&f m w&m;Oya' jyXmef;jcif; ta=umif;a=umif h xk dvyk if ef; Xme. tvkyo f rm;wOD;taejzif rSwf,&l rnf? B. Employment of Minors
w&m;r0if t&G,rf a&mufao;olrsm;ud k tvkycf ef @tyfjcif;? yk'rf (85) Minimum employable age. tvkycf ef @xm;Ek dio f nf h ted hrfq H;k touf? (u) touf (16) ESp f rjynf hao;aom rnfonf huav;ud k rqk d 4if;. rdb (od k @r[kw)f tkyx f de;f ol. wk du df&kuw f m0ef,al om tvkyEf hiS f ol.tvkyo f nf ausmif;pmoif=um; jcif;uk d rnfonf henf;ES firh S taESm hift,Su f rjzpfapaom tvkyrf S wyg; tjcm;rnfonf h ae&mwGirf S tvkyrf cef @ap&? (c) tvkyo f rm;0ef=uD;Xme.oih fawmfqaD vsmaf ompnf;rsOf;rsm;atmufwiG f owfrw S f ay;onf hae@wae@. tyd ki;f tjcm;umvES hif tvkycf sed ef m&Daygi;f (tuef @ towf)jzih f omvS si f touf (16)ESp f ES hi f (18) ESp=f um; d&S rnforl qk d tvkyv f yk f dEkio f nf? (*) tvkyo f rm;twGi;f 0efrSaeI vkyif ef;wm0efwckonf oabmobm0tm;jzif h tEW&m,f d&Sonf (ok d @r[kw)f ab;jzpfapwwfonf[k owfrw S hcf aJ omf txufwiG f xnf hoiG ;f xm;onf h owfrw S fcsurf sm;onf rnfonf h ta=umif;a=umif hr S touf(18) ESpaf tmuf d&Sou l kd xd ktvkycf ef @&ef cG hirf jyK&?
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yk'rf (86) Prohibition against child discrimination uav;oli,fjzpfI JcGjcm;jcif; rvky&f ef wm;jrpfyw d yf ifjcif;? rnfonf h uav;vli,ftay:wGirf qd k 4if;. touft&G,af =umif h tvkyt f uk diEf iS fh ywfoufjyD; pnf;urf;csurf sm;ES fi h tajctaersm;ud k rnfonf htvky&f Siu f rS JcGjcm;jcif; rjyKvky&f ? C. Employment of House helpers
tdrrf u _ dpu P n l Daqmif&u G o f lrsm;tm; tvkycf ef @xm;jcif;? yk'rf (87) Coverage t=uHK;yg0ifjcif;? Ttyd ki;f onf tdraf xmifprk sm;wGif vkycf a=u;aiG,I l tvkyv f kyaf y;=uoltm;vk H;ES hif oufq dik o f nf? “tdrrf u _ dpP (ok d @r[kwf) tdraf xmifpu k pd EP fiS o h ufq dik af om vkyif ef;” qk donfrmS tvky&f Si. f rdom;pktrd w f iG f vkyu f dkiaf y;&aom vkyif ef;/ tvky&f Si. f tdraf xmifp0k ifoltm;vk H; oufoufomom&S dapr_/ tqifajyapr_w d @k twGuf ulnD vkyu f dkiaf y;&aom vkyif ef;rsm;ES hif rdom;pktwGu f ,mOfarmif;ay;&onf h vkyif ef;tyg t0if wk d @jzpfonf? T “Oya'” . taxGaxGpnf;urf;csurf sm;ud k avS smyh g;ap&ef (od k @r[kwf) uef @owfap&ef[I l Ttyd ki;f ud k t"dy g` ,fraumuf,lap&? yk'rf (88) Contract of "Domestic service" “tdrrf u _ dpEP fiS q h dik af om vkyif ef; ” . oabmwlpmcsKyf? “tdrrf u _ dpEP fiS q h dik af om vkyif ef;”. rlvoabmwlpmcsKyfonf (2) ESp f umvxufy kI d r=umjrif hap&? od k @aomf ESpOf ;D ESpzf uf oabmwlonf h umvwk diaf tmif pmcsKyfu kd qufvufI tcsdew f d;k jrS hi dEf kio f nf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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yk'rf (89) Minimum wage. ted hrq f k;H vkycf tdrrf u _ dpu P n l Daqmif&u G &f olrsm;tm; tenf;qH k;(����) rS owfrw S fxm; aom ted hrq f k;H vkycf E_e;f xm;twd ki;f &&S dap&rnf// yk'rf (90) Minimum cash wage. ted hrq f k;H vkycf aiG tdrrf u _ dpu P n l Daqmif&u G &f olrsm;tm; ae&mxd kicf if;/ tpm;taomufE hiS f aq;0g;ukoay;jcif;wd k @u kd pDpOfaqmif&Guaf y;&onf htjyif T“Oya'yk'rf ” wGif jyXmef;xm; aom ted hrq f k;H vyfcE_e;f xm;twd ki;f &ap&rnf// yk'rf (91) Assignment to non-household work. tdrrf u _ pd v P kyif ef;r[kwfaom tvkyw f m0efay;jcif;// T“Oya'yk'rf ” wGi f jyXmef;xm;aom pd kufysK;d a&;qd kuf&m (od k @) pd kufysK;d a&;ES hif rqd kiaf om tvkyo f rm;rsm;twGuf vpm (ok d @) vkycf xufenf;I rnfonf hupd P ulnD aqmif&u G af y;r_u krd S a&mif;0,fa&;/ pufrv _ ufr(_ od k @) pd kuyf sKd ;a&;ES hif qd kiaf om vkyif ef; rsm;wGi f wm0efay;I rvkyaf p&// yk'rf (92) Opportunity for elementary education . rlvwef;ynm oif=um;cG hiaf y;jcif;// tu,fI tdrrf u _ dpaP qmif&u G af y;olonf touf(18)ESpx f ufi,faeaomf tvky&f Sio f nf ol @tm; tenf;qH k;rlvwef;ynmud k oif=um;cG hiaf y;&rnf// ynmoif ukeu f sp&dwfrmS vkycf wpfpw d f wpfa'o jzpfap&rnf//
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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yk'rf (93) Board, lodging and mediacal attendance . pm;a&;/ aexd kiaf &;ES hi f aq;ukoay;jcif;// tvky&f Sio f nf tdrrf u _ dpu P n l Day;oltwGu f oef @&Si;f oif hawmfaom ae&mxd kif cif; vH kavmufaom tpm;tpmES hi f aq;ukoay;jcif;wd k @u k d tcrJ hjyKvkyaf y;&rnf// yk'rf (94) Indemnity for unjust termination of services . rw&m;ojzif h tvkyrf S&yfq kid ;f jcif;twGuf avsmfa=u;aiG// tdrrf u _ dpu P n l Dvyk af y;oltwGuf iS g;&rf;pOfuyif pmcsKyfxYJ iS g;&rf;onf h tcsdef umv owfrw S x f m;cJ haomf tvky&f SiEf hiS f tvkyo f rm; ESpOf ;D ESpzf ufpvH k; xd kumv rukeq f k;H rD oabmwlpmcsKyfu kad zgufzsuI f tvkyu f d kf&yfq kid ;f &ef txufaz:jyyg (yk'rf --) yg rSeu f efjyD; w&m;aomta=umif;a=umif hrv S JI G rjyKvkyEf kid af y// tdrrf u _ dpP vkyaf y; olonf rw&m;pGm ajymqd kjyKr_c&H aomf ol @tm; av#mfa=u;tjzpf &oif honf h aiGtjyif &ufaygi;f (30)twGu f vkycf ud kyg ay;av#m&f rnf// yk'rf (95) Service of termination notice . tvky&f yfq kid ;f &ef =udKIowday;jcif;// tu,fI tdrrf u _ dpt P ulvkyif ef;rwGu f oabmwlpmcsKyfcsKyfq kjd cif;ESifh vkyif ef;. obm0taetxm;a=umif h tcsdeu f mvuef @owfxm;jcif;r&S d hcaJ omf tvky&f yfem;&ef &nf&, G fxm;onf h &uftvd k(5)&ufrS =udKwifI tvky&f Siaf omfvnf;aumif;/ tvkyf orm;aomfvnf;aumif; owday;(Ed k @wpf) ay;xm;Ed kio f nf// yk'rf (96) Employment certification. tvkyt f ud kiyf wfoufI taxmuftxm;vufrw S fay;jcif;// tdrrf u _ dpt P ulvkyif ef;wm0efjyD;jywfomG ;aomtcsed w f iG f tvky&f Sio f nf ‚if; tvkyo f rm;twGu f vky hcf o J nf htvky. f oabmobm0vky hcf o J nf h tcsdeu f mvES hif
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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‚if;.vky&f nfu kid &f nf ponf hta=umif;rsm;yg0ifonf h taxmuftxm; vufrw S af &; ay;&rnf// yk'rf (97) Employment records . tvkyt f ud kirf w S fwrf;// tvky&f Sio f nf rdrt d rd rf u _ dpPtvkyo f rm;ud k iS g;&rf;&mY owfrw S cf sufrsm;ES hif tajctaet&yf&yfu dk az:jy&efv kt d yfaom rSwfwrf;rsm;uf d kxm;&S d&rnf// tvky&f Si. f awmif;qd kcsut f & tvkyo f rm;zufrv S nf; tcsuftvufrsm;rSeu f efa=umif; vufrw S f a&;xd k;ay;jcif; (ok d @) vufryH kp dHEyS af y;jcif;jyK&rnf// D. Homeworks
tdrfwiG f;tvkyform;rsm;// yk'rf (98) tdrw f pftrd Yf ykwfjywftvk kyv f yk af y;olrsm;(od k @) tdrw f pftrd Yf tusdK;oufa&mufr_ d&Saom vkyif ef;wpfcpk u D k d tca=u;aiG,I l vkyaf y;olrsm;tm; ta=umif;a=umif;ud k &nf&, G fI ykwjf ywfaiGxkwaf y;ol (od k @) vkyif ef;wpfcpk u D kd zefw;D ay;ol. tvkyo f rm; rsm;tjzpf T“Oya'yk'rf ”atmufwiG o f wfrw S f&rnf// tdrw f iG ;f tvkyo f rm;rsm; =uHKawG @& onf h xl;jcm;aomtajctaersm;uf d k xde;f csKyfay;&ef tvkyo f rm;0ef=uD;onf pnf;urf; csufrsm;ud k w&m;0ifxkwjf yefa=ujimay;&ef taumiftxnfaz:jcif;rsm; jyKvky&f rnf// tdrw f Gi;f tvkyo f rm;rsm;ud k tvkyaf pcd ki;f apaomtvky&f Sirf sm;tm;vnf; T“Oya'yk'rf ” twd ki;f vd kufema=umif;odomap&ef xif&Sm;vH kavmufaom rSww f rf; rsm; xm;&S dap &rnf//
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tcef;(6) or*~ Jz @G pnf;jcif;ES hi f pkaygi;f aphpyfn S ddEi_ ;f jcif;// Chapter-6 UNION FORMATION AND COLLECTVE BARGALING A. Policy
rl0g' yk'rf (99) Declaration of Policy
yk'rf – rl0g'a=ujimjcif;? ? zuf'&,fjynfaxmufp. k rl0g' (taejzif h) onf (u) pkaygi;f aphpyfn d _SEid ;f onf h tavhtus hirf sm; &Sio f ef Hz @G jzdK;vmapa&;twGu f w&m; Oya'abmif Jz @G pnf;ay;&ef// (c) 'D dr ku f a&pDa&;/ vlra_ &;/ w&m;r#wjyD; wnfjidraf om pD;yGm;a&;wd k;wufrw _ k @d twGuf t"du aomhcsuftjzpf 'Dr ku d a&pDpepfu h sio f k;H aom tvkyo f rm;or*~0g'uf d k jrS hiw f if tm;ay;&ef// (*) tvkyo f rm;rsm;ES hif tvky&f Sirf sm;t=um;wGif wef;wlnDr#u k, d fpm;jyKI tvkyf tuk diEf hiS f ywfoufaom tjiif;tckerf sm;ud k oif hav#mfaom ajz&Si;f jcif;taejzif hpak ygif; aphpyf! d _ES id ;f jcif;ud k wnfaxmifay;&ef? (C) tvkyo f rm;rsm;ES hif pDrt H yk cf sKyfolrsm;=um;wGi f owif;ES hirf eS u f efpmG DES;aESm t=uHjyKjcif;wd k @u kd tjyeftvSefjyKvkyEf kid &f eftwGu f aqmif&Guaf y;&ef// (i) tvkyo f rm;rsm;ES hif rdom;pkrsm;. tusdK;oufa&mufaprnf h qH k;jzwfcsucf srw S f &mwGi f tvkyo f rm;rsm;uk d,w f kid f rvG JraoG yg0ifvmap&ef// B. Definitions
t"dy g` ,fz hiG q f kcd surf sm;// yk'rf (100) B. Definitions
yk'rf – t"dy g` ,fz hiG q f d kcf surf sm;// “tvkyo f rm;” [laoma0:[m&ud k txufwiG yf g d&Saom yk'rf (--)twd ki;f zG hiq f k&d rnf// od k @aomfT“Oya'yk'rf ”rSwu d spmG az:jyrxm;v#iftvky&f Siw f pfO;D . tvkyo f rm;rsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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ud kom uef @owfxm;onfr[kw f rsufarSmufumvtvkyo f rm;rsm; jiif;ckerf E_ hSif ywfoufI ‚if;(0g)w&m;r#wr_r d&Saom vkyaf qmifrr_ sm;twGufa=umif h (0g) T“Oya' yk'rf ” ud kcsKd ;azguf onf htwGufa=umif h‚if;/ tvkyrf &S yfq kid ;f vd kuo f nf h tvkyo f rm; rsm;vnf; yg0ifonf// “tvkyo f rm;tpnf;t±H k;” qd konfrmS wpfpw d fwpfa'ojzpfap wpf Jz @G pnf;vH k;jzpfap tvkyo f rm;rsm;yl;aygi;f jcif;(od k @)tvkyo f rm;or*~jzpfItvkyt f ud kiEf hiS yf wfoufaom tajctaersm;/tcsut f vufrsm;ud ktvky&f iS Ef hiS fpak ygi;f nS d _Edi;f &eftwGu&f nf&, G fonf// “rSwyf kw H ifxm;aom tvkyo f rm;tpnf;t±H k;” qd konfrmS tvkyo f rm;0ef=uD; Xme wGif rSwfy kw H ifxm;aom rnfonf htvkyo f rm;tpnf;t±H k;ud krqd k ‚if;.e,fajrcG J/ Xme JcGw k @d tygt0if tm;vH k;ud kq kv d kdonf// “ukr% ` Dor*~”qd konfrmS tvkyo f rm;ES hiyf wfoufI rw&m;pGmjyKus hijf cif;(od k @) T“Oya'yk'rf ”yg rnfonf hOya'ud krqd k csKd ;azgujf cif;jzpfonf[ k az:jyaom Oya' wpfp krH S axmufcx H m;onf h tvkyo f rm;tpnf;t±H k;ES hif ‚if;.zG J @pnf;jcif; vkyaf qmif jcif;ES hi f pDr H cef @ JcjG cif;wd k @yg0ifonf// “tvkyo f rm;jiif;ckerf y_ ÉdyuQ” - wGif tvkyt f ud kit f ajctaeES hi f tcsuftvufrsm; ay:wGi f jiif;ckejf cif;/ toif; JzG @&mwGi f jiif;ckejf cif;” jiif;ckejf cif;rsm;onf tvky&f Sif (od k @) tvkyo f rm;ES hif rnfo k @d yif eD;pyfapumrl tvkyt f ud kit f ajctaeES hi f tcsuftvuf rsm;ud k pDpOf&ef/ ajymif;vnf;&ef/ ud kun f Day;&ef/ xde;f odr;f &ef/ aphpyfn S f _dEid ;f &eftwGuf ud k,pf m;vS,af &G;cs,&f mwGi f jiif f;ckefjcif;rsm;vnf;yg0ifonf// “refae*sm od k @r[kwf tkycf sKyfa&;qd ki&f mtvkyo f rm;”-onf tkycf sKyfa&;yd ki;f qd ki&f m ay:vpDcsrw S &f mwGiEf iS f h jyKpk&mwGiyf g0if&ef tm%m(0g) txl;vkyyf kid cf hGif ay;tyfjcif; cH&oljzpfjyD; tvkyo f rm;rsm;ud k pnf;urf;csrw S fay;jcif; (0g) tvkyo f wfrw S af y;jcif;/ tvkyrf yS ,fxkwjf cif;/ tvkyjf yefcef @jcif;/ tvkyrf S acwW,m,D&yfq kid ;f jcif;/ a&$ @ajymif; jcif;/ iSm;&rf;jcif;wd k @u d kfjyKvkyEf kid fonf//
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -61
“=uD;=uyfuyG u f aJ &;qd ki&f mtvkyo f rm;” - qd konfrmS tvky&f Si. f tusKd ;iSm pDrH tkycf sKyfa&;qd ki&f m uGyu f Jjcif;jyKvky&f mwGi f orm;±d k;usvyk x f k;H vkypf Ofr[kwfyJ vGwv f yf pGm qH k;jzwfcsucf s&ef vd ktyfaomtcsed w f Gif xda&mufpmG t=uH^m%fay;oljzpfonf// txufyg &Si;f vif;csucf sufrsm;wGi f ryg0ifaom tvkyo f rm;tm;vH k;ud k Ttcef;wGif omreftvkyo f rm;tjzpf ,lqowfrw S &f rnf// “cH korm"dt JzG @0ifvl=uD;” - qd konfrmS w&m;0ifcef @tyfxm;aom rnforl qd k/ tzG J @tpnf;rsm;rS cH korm"dt JzG @0ifvl=uD; tjzpfaqmif&u G fE kid f&ef pkaygi;f nS d _Eid ;f oabmwl jcif;jzif h a&G;cs,o f wfrw S fc&H aom rnfolrqd k (0g) pkaygi;f nS d _Eid ;f oabmwlcsufwGif yg0ifaom a&G;cs,rf v _ kyx f k;H vkypf Oftwd ki;f a&G;cs,jf cif;cH&ol(0g)T“Oya'yk'rf ”wGif cH korm"d tzG J @0iftjzpf aqmif&Gu&f ef tvkyo f rm;0ef=uD;rSw&m;0if tm%mv$ Jtyf xm;aom t&m&S djzpfonf// “oydwfarSmufjcif;”- qd konfrmS tvkyo f rm;tjiif;yGm;r_a=umif h tvkyo f rm;rsm;rS wnDwn$wfwnf; ,m,Dtvky&f yfq kid ;f xm;jcif;jzpfonf// “tvkyyf w d fxm;jcif;”- qd konfrmS tvkyo f rm;tjiif;yGm;r_a=umif h tvky&f Sirf S tvkyf zG hiaf y;&ef ,m,Djiif;qd kxm;jcif;jzpfonf// “or*~twGi;f tjiif;yGm;r_”wGi f T“Oya'yk'rf ”twGi;f ay;tyfxm;aom or*~0if. tajctaersm;ES hif tcG hit f a&;rsm;ud k csKd ;azgujf cif;rsm;yg0ifjyD; tvkyo f rm;or*~. xkwjf yefxm;aom Oya'rsm;ES hi Jzf @G pnf;tkycf sKyfy kHtajccHOya'yg tcsufwpfcsuu f kd csdK;azgujf cif; (0g) oabmrwljcif;a=umif h jzpfay:vmaom jiif;ckerf j_ zpfonf// “oydwfzsuo f ”l qd konfrmS pkaygi;f nS d _Eid ;f jcif;(0g) uk d,yf kid t f JzG @tpnf;. tcG hit f a&;ud k us hio f k;H jcif;(0g) tvkyt f ud ki. f tajctaersm; tcsuftvufrsm;ES hiyf wfoufI tvkyo f rm;rsm;. jidr;f csr;f pGmqENjyaecsed u f mvtwGi;f “[ef @wm;jcif; wm;qD;jcif; (0g) 0ifa&mufpu G fzufjcif; zsufjcif;wd k @u kdjyKvkyo f ”l jzpfonf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -62
(-----)aumfrwD - onf rnfonf hy;l wG Jtvkyo f rm; pDrcH ef @ JcjG cif;ud krqd k (0g) TOya' wGi f ay;xm;aom usef;rma&;ES hi f vH kjcHKa&; qd ki&f maumfrwD ud krqd k &nfn$e;f Ed kio f nf? C. National Labour Relations Court
dEkiif aH wmf tvkyo f rm; (qufqaH &;) w&m;±H k;// yk'rf (101) National Labour Relations Court dEkiif aH wmf tvkyo f rm; (qufqaH &;) w&m;±H k;// w&m;ol=uD;csKyfwpfO;D ES hif wG Jzufw&m;ol=uD;(14) OD;wd k @jzif hyg0if Jz @G pnf;xm;aom “Ek diif aH wmftvkyo f rm; (qufqaH &;) w&m;±H k;wpf± k;H ” d&S&rnf? tvkyo f rm;or*~rsm;rS trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f ol w&m;ol=uD;(5)OD;ES hif tvky&f iS rf sm; tzG J @tpnf;rS trnfwifoiG ;f ol w&m;ol=uD; (5) OD;wd k @u kd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk orRwrS cef @tyfxm;&rnf? obmywdE hiS f usew f &m;ol=uD;(4)OD; wd k @onf jynfow l k @d xJr S ynmwwf uír;f usit f JzG @xJrS orRw.a&G;cs, f trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f cH&ol jzpf&rnf? wd ki;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkxJr S w&m;ol=uD;(--)OD;yg0if&rnf? tajccH Jz @G pnf;tkyf csKyfy kt H & w&m;ol=uD;rsm;ud kcef @tyfI twnfjyKap&rnf? &mxl;vufcv H dkufonf h tcsderf pS I tvkyo f rm;or*~E hiS f tvky&f Sit f JzG @tpnf;rsm;rS trnfwifoiG ;f jcif; cH& onf h w&m;olrsm;onf rdrw d k @d .or*~tzG @t J pnf;rsm;ES hif rdryd g0if hcaJ om toif;tzG J @ rsm;wd k @wGif pdwf0ifpm;jcif;ES hif qufoG,jf cif;wd k @rS uif;uGmap&rnf? w&m;±H k;tr_ tenf;trsm;ES hi f a'otav#muf vkyaf qmif&ef d&Saom ‚if;. tvkyf 0wW&m;rsm;ud k jynf h0pGmaqmif&u G fE kid &f ef w&m;±k H;onf(--)oabmwlnrD a_ y;&rnf h pnf;rsO;f rsm;t& tzG J @0if(3)OD;yg0ifonf h cH kt JzG @tpnf;uf d k JzG @pnf;aqmif&u G &f rnf? cH kt JzG @wpf Jz @G v#if “or*~/ tvky&f SiEf hiS f jynfow l k @d ”.u¾ wpfcpk rD S w&m;ol=uD;wpfO;D pD yg0if&rnf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -63
yk'rf (102) Jurisdiction of the Labour Court. tvkyo f rm;w&m;±H k;.w&m;pD&ify kid cf hiG ?f T“Oya'yk'rf ”atmufwiG o f D;jcm;az:jyxm;jcif;r&S d hcaJ omEk diif aH wmftvkyo f rm;qd kif &mw&m;±H k;wGit f vkyo f rm;tm;vH k;ES hiyf wfoufaomatmufaz:jyygtr_upd w P d @k u k=d um; emItqH k;tjzwfay;&eftxl;oD;oef @w&m;pD&ify kid cf hiG d&f S&rnf?oufq kid &f mtr_q kid af e& =uaomtzG J @rsm;rStr_u dfpu P kq d k;H jzwfay;&efwifoiG ;f vmjyD;jyuQ'ed &f ufaygi;f (90)&uft wGi;f &ufw kd;ray;bJ vufa&;xd k;rSwfpak &;jcif; r&S donf hw kid f =um;emqH k;jzwf ay;&rnf? 1? ? tvkyo f rm;ay: rw&m;vkyaf qmifjyKus hio f rl sm;? 2? ? tpkt JzG @tvk duf tvky&f yfpjJ cif;qd ki&f mjiif;ckerf r_ sm;? 3? ? oydwaf rSmufjcif;ES hif tvkyf&iS rf S tvky, f m,Dyw d fv ku d fjcif;wd k @E hiS f ywfouf aom &yd kicf hiG af wmif;qd krr_ sm;? 4? ? tvkyo f rm;or*~rsm; yl;wG Jtvkyo f rm;pDrcH ef @ JcrG a_ umfrwDrsm;(0g) use;f rm a&;ES hif vH kjcHKr_aumfrwDrsm;zG J @pnf;jcif;ES hif vkyif ef;aqmif&Gufjcif;wd k @E hiS f ywfoufI &yd kif cG hiaf wmif;qd krr_ sm;? 5? ? pkaygi;f aphpyfn S _dEid f;oabmwlnDcsufrsm;ud k t"dy g` ,zf hiG q f k&d m(0g) vufawG @ taumiftxnfaz:&mrS ay:ayguv f maom&yd kicf hGifrsm; (0g) cH k± k;H tzG J @. rnfonf h pD&if qH k;jzwfcsufu kdrqd k jyefvnfo k;H oyfay;&mrSay:ayguv f maom &yd kicf hGifawmif;qd krr_ sm;/ tjiif;tckeaf jz&Si;f ajyvnfaponf h vkyx f kH;vkyef nf;rsm;&S dor#u kd toH k;jyKI tjcm; enf;vrf; r&S dawmhrw S yg; w&m;±H k;onf rnfonf hpak ygi;f nd S _Eid ;f oabmwlncD sufu d krf S t"dy g` ,frzG hiq f k&d ? wenf;tm;jzif h taumiftxnfaz:&ef r=udK;yrf;&? cH k± k;H tzG J @. qH k;jzwfcsufonf qifjcifw kHw&m;uif; hrJjcif;/ vdrv f nfvSn hjf zm;jcif;/ (0g) vm'fay; vm'f,jl yKvkyjf cif;/ (0g) jynfaxmifpk wpf0rS ;f vH k; twGu f ta&;ygt&ma&mufaom tajccHOya'rS aoG;znfjcif; jzpfaeonfrw S yg;/ w&m;±H k;onf cH k± k;H tzG J @. qH k;jzwfcsuf ud k jyefvnfo k;H oyfay;jcif;rjyK&? 6? ? JcGjcm;owfrw S fjcif;ES hi f ywfoufaom &yd kicf hGifawmif;qd krr_ sm;? 7? ? tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;. ydwyf ifxm;jcif;trde @f rsm;uk d jynfvnfa0zef oH k;oyf &ef }udK;yrf;r_rsm;?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -64
tvkyo f rm;pDrcH ef @ JcrG _ (qufqaH &;) qd ki&f mtzG J @tpnf;rsm; yg0ifywfoufae aom tr_rsm;ES hif tvkycf ef @tyf&mY JcGjcm;r_ d&Saom tr_w k @d u kd qH k;jzwfajz&Si;f ay;Ed ki&f ef uír;f usiyf nm&Siw f k @d u kd xnf hoGi;f yg0ifap&efrmS dEkiif aH wmftvkyo f rm;(qufqaH &;) w&m;±H k;. wm0efvkyif ef;jzpfonf htav#muf T“Oya'yk'rf ”atmuf d& S tjcm;&yd kicf hiG f awmif;qd kr _ tm;vH k;wd k @u dk wduspGm n$ejf yxm;aom oif hav#mo f nf hw&m;&H k;Y vkyu f kid f aqmif&u G &f rnf? ‚if;.w&m;pD&ify kid cf hGiftwGi;f rS tr_rsm;ud k “trsdK;om;tvky f orm; (qufqaH &;)w&m;±H k;” onf tjcm;aomenf;vrf;aumif;rsm;tjyif T“Oya'” . taxGaxGOya' owfrw S fcsufrsm;uf d k xnf hoiG ;f aom enf;vrf;aumif;rsm;ud kyg toH k; jyK&rnf? yk'rf (103) The Court shall have the power and authority. w&m;±H k;wGi f wefc k;d tm%mES hi f =oZmtm%m&S d&rnf? (u) tr_rsm;=um;emppfaq;jcif;ud k xde;f csKyfxm;Ed ki&f ef cH kw&m;ol=uD;tzG J @0ifw k @d . aqmif&u G cf sufrsm;/ w&m;±H k;twGi;f aqmif&Gu&f onf h vkyif ef;aqmifwmrsm;ES hif T“Oya'”.&nf&G,cf sufw k @d u k d taumiftxnfazmf&ef vd ktyfvmv#if pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;ud k w&m;0ifa=ujimEd kio f nf h tm%m&S d&rnf? w&m;±H k;Yvkyyf kid fc hGiEf hSif tm%mrsm; wd k;jrS hiaf y;&rnf? tb,fa=umif hq kad omf (Ed k @wpf) a=ujimpmxkwjf yD;I tr_=um;emppfaq;jyD;aemufwiG f ‚if;.w&m;pD&ify kid ef ,ftwGi;f t"dujy\emwk d @u kd pD&ifq k;H jzwfajz&Si;f jyD;csed f ‚if;ajz&Si;f csuaf y: jzpfay:vmv#if pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm; xkwjf yefc hiG t f m%m&S d&rnf? twnfjyKaxmufccH sufay;jcif;ES hi f aumfrwDa&G;cs,jf cif; wd k @wGif rJqENay;Ed kio f nf h t&nftcsi;f owfrw S fcsufay;Ed ki&f ef pnf;rsO;f rsm; xkwjf yefciG fh tm%m&S d&rnf? TuJ ho k @d a&G;cs, Jyf rG sKd ;ESifh ywfoufI w&m;±H k;.pnf;rsO;f rsm;(od k @) T“Oya'” ud ktoH k;jyK&mY jynfaxmifpt k 0Sr;f ud k odomxdc ku d dfEik af om ta&;=uD; onf h trSm;rsm;tay:wGif xif&Sm;ap&ef qH k;jzwfay;&aom tvkyo f rm;0ef=uD; (od k @) ‚if;rS cef @tyfxm;aom cH korm"dv=l uD;(rsm;). qH k;jzwfcsuf rnfonf htcsufu kdrqd k w&m;±H k;rS jyefvnfo kH;oyfxm;jcif;uk d uef @owfxdr;f csKyf xm;&rnf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -65
(c) usr;f used jf cif;ud k =uD;=uyfaqmif&u G fay;&ef? tr_onfrsm;tm; qif hac:&ef T“Oya'”atmufwiG f t=uHK;0ifaom rnfonf h w&m; JpGq kjd cif; (ok d @) pH kprf;ppfaq;jcif;Yrqd k yg0ifaom oufaorsm;(ok d @) uGeyf sLwm vrf; a=umif;rS &&S daom tcsuftvufrsm; tygt0if pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;ud k ±H k;awmfo k @d vma&muf&efE hiS f wifjy&efq hifac:pmuf d kxkwjf yefE kid o f nf h tm%m&S d&rnf? (*) ‚if;.w&m;pD&ify kid ef ,ftwGi;f jzpfay:aomta=umif; udp(P ok d @) tjiif;tckef udpw P k @d u kd pH kprf;Ed ki&f ef/ w&m;±H k;od k @ vma&muf&ef orŠmefpm qif hac:jcif; (ok d @) Ed k @wpfpmay;yd k @jyD;ygvsu f vma&muf&ef ysuu f u G fow l k @d . rsuu f G,w f iG f tjiif;yGm;r_ ud k=um;emI qH k;jzwfppD Ofay;&ef Oya't&ta&;,lw&m;pG Jq d kjf cif;wd k @ ud kaqmif&Gu&f ef ynmyd ki;f qd ki&f mudp P ta=umif;t&mwd k @u kd usrG ;f usio f lrsm;xHwifjy&efw&m;pG Jq k&d ifq kid f &mwGiyf g0ifa&; (ok d @) ryg0ifa&;twGuf tr_onfEpS zf ufpvH k;wd k @tm; vrf;n$erf a_ y;&ef &ifq kid af e&aom tr_udpt P wGuf tqH k;tjzwfay;&mwGif taxmuftul jzpfE kid zf , G f d&Sonf[k ,H k=unf,lq&aom vrf;n$ecf sufrsm;uk d ay;&efE hiS f a&S @qufvufI w&m; &ifq kid Ef kid &f ef rvd ktyfawmhaomtr_ (od k @) ta&;rygvaS om tao;tzG Jtr_ (ok d @) ‚if;w&m;pD&ify kid cf hiG f e,fy,ftoD;oD;Y r[kwaf om tr_w k @d u k d y˜vyfay;&ef tm%m d&S&rnf? (C) w&m;±H k;awmftm; rxD hrjJ rifjyKygu rnfo @l u krd qd k xde;f csKyfta&;,lxm;&efE hiS f xd k @twGuaf =umif h w&m;Oya'ES hit f nD oif havsmo f nf h jypf'%fcsrw S fay;&ef tm%m d&S&rnf? (i) rnfonf htvkyo f rm; jiif;ckerf _Yrqd k wzufzuftm;av;eufaom (ok d @) jyKjyifI r&Ed d kiaf om qH k; H±_;epfemr_jzifhvnf;aumif; (od k @) w&m;±H k;awmf. qH k;jzwfcsuu f kd t=unftnKdysufapEd kirf nf h tvkyo f rm;jiif;ckerf Y_ rqd k tufOya'wpH kw&mtm; csrSwf us hio f k;H &ef (ok d @) rcsrw S &f eftrde @f xkwjf yefE kid o f nf htm%m&S d&rnf? (p)oif havsmfavsmufywfaom owday;(Ed k @wpf) pmay;yd k @jyD; oufaorsm; xGufq kEd kid f cG hiEf hiS f tjyeftvSeo f ufaorsm;ud k ppfaq;ar;jref;jcif;jyKvkyfE kid &f ef tcG hit f a&;&S donf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -66
w&m;±H k;rS =um;emppfaq;jcif;rsKd; rjyKvky hcf aJ omf rnfonf h tvkyo f rm;jiif;ckerf Y_ rqd k txufygpmyd k'(f i)t& rnfonf htrde @f u kdr S rxkwjf yef&? (q) w&m;&H k;rS tr_udpEP hiS f ygwo f ufor#u d k =um;emppfaq;jyD; Oya'csK;d azmufI rw&m;aom jyKrljcif;jzpfay:aeonf h (ok d @r[kwf) jzpfay:vm&ef tvm;tvm d&Sonf [k dckiv f kHaom om"u rawG @ d&Srjcif; rnfonf htvkyo f rm; jiif;cH krY_ rqk d txufyg pmyk d' f (i) t& rnfonf htrde @f u kdr S rxkwjf yef&? (Z) TuJ ho d @k aom Oya'csK;d azmufI rw&m;onf h vky&f yfrsm;uk d usL;vGeaf eaom/ usL;vGe&f ef }uHpnfjcdr;f ajcmufaeaom ol/ yk d*K~ vf/ toif; JzG @w d @k tay:od k @ om tusK;H 0if oufa&mufaom trde @f xkwjf yef&rnf? (ps) tr_upd EP hiS f ygwo f ufI w&m;&H k;rS =um;emppfaq;jyD; w&m;vk d. ypPnf;OpPmrsm; uk d txl;xd dcu k fapI jynfvnfjyKjyif&ef r&Ek diaf wmhonf h epfemr_jzpfay:vmrnf[lI w&m;vd k. epfemr_u d k jyefvnfjznf hpnf;&ef oufomr_jzpfap&ef tjcm;aom vH kavmufaom enf;vrf;r&S d[lI qH k;jzwftrde @f xkwfjyef&jcif;tm;jzif h w&m;cHtm; epfepfaponf[I l ES hi f Oya't& aqmif&u G }f uD;=uyfvyk u f kid &f onf h t&m&S drsm;onf vnf; xk dypPnf;OpPmrsm;uk d tumtuG,fay;&ef rwwf dEik jf cif;iSm (ok d @r[kw)f raqmif &Guv f djk cif;iSm[lI w&m;&H k;rS rawG @rcsi;f rnfonf htvkyo f rm; jiif;cH kr_Yrqk d txufyg pmyk d' f (i) t& rnfonf htrde @f u kdr# rxkwjf yef&? (n) w&m;&H k;rS trde @f wpH kw&muk d xkwjf yefv#i f vk dtyfcsut f aejzif h awmif;qk d&rnfrmS tu,fI xkwjf yefv du k af om trde @f onf rSm;,Gi;f pGm xkwjf yefjcif;jzpfonf[k aemufq k;H wGif qH k;jzwfcsucf hscv J #i f w&m;cHtm; epfemI tav#mftpm;ay;Ek di&f ef vH kavmufaom tmrcHaiGa=u; (ok d @r[kw)f tmrcHcsu f uwdu dk w&m;vk draS eI xm;&S d ay;&rnf?
zuf'&,f '&,fjynf jynfaxmif axmifpkp jref k jrefrmEd rmEd kififiHiHtvkyfyorm;Oya' o f rm;Oya' (rl=urf =urf;);)
pmrsufESEmS -67
yk'f'rf (104) w&m;&H k; (ok d @r[kwf w)f 4if;rS ;rS tm%mv$ Jtyf tyfcef cef @xm;cH&ol &olonf onf tvkyfycscf sefed twG t f wGifi;f jzpfap ap (ok d @r[kwf wf) tvkyfycscf sdefejyif jf yifyYjzpf yYjzpfap ap tcsefed ra&G rf a&G; tvkyfyXme/ Xf me/ taqmuftOD tOD;/;/ oabFm/ m/ avS/ ,mOf/ ae&m (0g) dykifieuf ef ufrs rsm;/ vkyfyief if ef;pOf ;pOfoH o kH; ypPnf n;f ud&d&d,m ,m wefqmyvmrs qmyvmrsm;uk d rnfonf onf htcs tcsdefeYrqk Yf rqk d ppfaq;Ek aq;Ek difionf o f nf? 4if;tjyif ;tjyif rnfonf onf htvk tvkyfyorm;(0g o f rm;(0g) ae@pm; vkyfyom;rs o f m;rsm;ES hifif rnfol o @l u drqk rk qk d owif;&&S ;&&S d&ef &ef (ok d @r[kwf w)f tcsuftvuf tvuf&&S & d&S&ef &ef ar;jref;Ek ; dEkifionf o f nf? D. Labor Organizations
tvkyfyorm;tzG o f rm;tzG J @tpnf;rs ;rsm; yk'f'rf (105) Requirements of registration. rSwf wfyHy kwif w H if&ef &ef vk vk dtyf tyfcscsurs rf sm;? rSwf wfyHy kwif w H if&ef &efav# av#mufxm;aom xm;aom rnfonf onf htzG t JzG @tpnf;§toif ;§toif; (ok d @r[kwf wf) or*~rsrsm; tkyfypkpf k (ok d @r[kwf w)tvk )f tvkyfyorm;rs o f rm;rsm; rqk d w&m;0ifyky d*~*k Kvf K~ vf (Oya')ynm&Sifi§f a&S @ae) rsm;uk d xm;&S d dEkEifik onf o f nf? 4if;tjyif ;tjyif atmufazmf azmfjyyg jyygv dktyf tyfcscsurs rf sm;uk d tajcjyK xm;aom rSwf wyHyf kwif w H ifvuf vufrSrwf w S uk u f dk xkwf way;jyD af y;jyD;cs ;csefed rSrf pI pS I rSwf wfy kwif w H ifjyD jyD;xm;aom ;xm;aom tvkyfyf orm; tzG J @tpnf;rs ;rsm;ud k ay;tyfxm;onf xm;onf h &yk dificGcf hifiG rs rf sm;ES fih txl;tcG ;tcG hifita&;rs t f a&;rsm;uk d cHpm;&ef pm;&ef tcG tcG hifita&;&S t f a&;&S donf onf? (u) rSwf wyHyf kwif w H ifa=u; a=u; pkpkpayg ak ygi;f (---) ay;tyfjcif jcif;?;? (c) oufqk q difik &m &f m tr_aqmif aqmifvl v}uD }l uD;rs ;rsm;. trnfrs rsm;/ ae&yfvd vyfyd pmrs pf mrsm;/ tvkyfyorm; o f rm; or*~. t"duvd uvdyfypm/ pf m/ tzG J @tpnf;qk ;qk difi&m &f m tpnf;ta0;. ;ta0;. qH k;jzwf ;jzwfcscsufrs rsm;ES hifif 4if;wk ;wk d @ uk d uk d,f ,pm;jyKaom pf m;jyKaom tvkyfyorm;OD o f rm;OD;a&. ;a&. tenf;qH ;qH k; (20) &mck difiE_Ef efe_ ;rS ;f rSaeI aeI ,ckrSrwf w S fyHy kH wif&ef &ef av# av#mufxm;aom xm;aom or*~onf onf rdrdrwk w d d @k u dk uk d,f ,pm;jyK&ef fpm;jyK&ef owfrSrwf w S fygygonf[l [aom laom tr_aqmif aqmifrs rsm;. usrf;}ud ;}udrfrxG x f uf u G fqk q dxm;onf x k m;onf h oufaocH aocH taxmuftxm;rs txm;rsm;tm; wifjy&ef jy&ef? (*) avS smufxm;aom xm;aom or*~onf onf (1)ES (1)ESpfpESEf hifiS txuf f txufESEpfpS rs rf sm;uwnf;uyif ;uyif zG JzG @pnf;wnf ;wnf
zuf'&,f '&,fjynf jynfaxmif axmifpkp jref k jrefrmEd rmEd kififiHiHtvkyfyorm;Oya' o f rm;Oya' (rl=urf =urf;);)
pmrsufESEmS -68
axmifxm;jyD xm;jyD;jzpf ;jzpfyg ygu 4if;. ;. ESpfppOf pf Of b¾ma&;jyef b¾ma&;jyefwrf wrf;rs ;rsm;/ rSwf wwrf w f rf;&H ;&H k;/;/ vufcHc rd H rdwW wLrs LW rsm; eS hifif (C) av#mufxm;aom xm;aom or*~. tajccH JzGz @G pnf;tk ;tkyfycscf sKyfyHy k H Oya'ES hifi f a'oqk difi&m &f m Oya' rsm;uk d &H k;vuf ;vufcHcrdrH wW w d LW (4) pH ktm; tm; yl;wG ;wG Jwif wifoG oGifi;&ef ;f &ef (3)ESpfpv# v f #i f w}udrfrtr_ t f r_aqmif aqmifrs rsm; a&G;cs ;cs,&ef &f efESE hifiS f tajccH JzGz @G pnf;tk ;tkyfycscf sKyfyHy k H Oya'Y v# @Kd 0uf u S frJray;a&; aJ y;a&; (ok d @r[kwf w)f qENcHc,l , H JyGyl G usi;ya&; ;f ya&; tpDtpOf tpOfrs rsm; (Plans) uk dvnf vnf; xnf hoG oifiG ;yg ;f yg d&&rnf &S rnf? yk'f'rf (106) txufazmf azmfjyyg jyyg vk dtyf tyfcscsurs rf sm;tm;vH k;uk ;uk d tvkyfyorm;a&;0ef o f rm;a&;0ef}uD }uD; (ok d @r[kwf wf) 4if;. ;. tm%mv$ Jtyf tyfxm;aom xm;aom uk d,f ,pm;vS pf m;vS,f ,fxH xH wifjy&rnf jy&rnfjzpf jzpfjyD jyD; 4if;wk ;wk d @rvnf v S nf; rSwf wfyHy kwif w H if&ef &eftwG twGuf u av# f av#mufv$ vmtm;vH m$ tm;vH k;uk ;uk d pwifav# av#mufxm;onf xm;onf hae@ ae@rpI pS I &ufayg aygi;f (30) twGifi;ta&;w,l ;f ta&;w,laqmif aqmif&G&Guf uay;&rnf af y;&rnf? vk dtyf tyfaom aom pm&Guf upmwrf pf mwrf;rs ;rsm;tm;vH k;uk ;uk d tzG J @tpnf;. ;. twGifi;a&;rS ;f a&;rSL;L; (ok d @r[kwf w)f b¾ma&;rSL;wk L;wk d @u twnfjyK jyK usrf;}ud ;}udrfrxG x f uf u G f qk djyD jyD; OuUXrS XrSvnf vnf; rSefeuef u f efa=umif a=umif; xyfqif q hifaxmuf axmufcHcvuf v H ufrSrwf w S a&;xk af &;xk d;&rnf ;&rnf? registration: appeal yk'f'rf (107) Denial of registration: rSwf wyHyf kwif w H ifcGc hifiG jiif f jiif;y,f ;y,fcHc&jcif &H jcif;ES hifi toem;cH f toem;cHjcif jcif;?;?
tvkyfyorm;0ef o f rm;0ef}uD }uD;rS ;rS aeI aeI rSwf wyHyf kwif w H ifcGc hifiG ay;&ef af y;&ef jiif jiif;y,f ;y,fonf onf h rnfonf onf hqH q k;jzwf ;H jzwf csuuk u f drqk rk qk d av#mufxm;aom xm;aom or*~rSraeI aS eI 4if;jiif ;jiif;y,f ;y,fonf onf h dEkE @k wpfpmuk pmuk d vufcHc&jyD &H jyD; (10) &uftwG twGifi;f Ed kifiiHif awmf aH wmftvk tvkyfyorm;quf o f rm;qufqH qa&; aH &; w&m;&H k;ok ;ok d @ toem;cH wif wifoG oifiG ;Ek ;f dEkifif onf?
zuf'&,f '&,fjynf jynfaxmif axmifpkp jref k jrefrmEd rmEd kififiHiHtvkyfyorm;Oya' o f rm;Oya' (rl=urf =urf;);)
pmrsufESEmS -69
yk'f'rf (108) Additional requirement for federaltions or national unions. jynfe,f e,frs rsm; (ok d @r[kwf w)f trsK;om;or*~ ;d om;or*~rs rsm;twGuf uf xyfavmif avmif; vk dtyf tyfcscsufrs rsm;? tu,fI rSwf wyHyf kwif w H if&ef &ef av# av#mufxm;ol xm;olonf onf jynf jynfe,f e,f (ok d @r[kwf w)f trsK;om; ;d om; or*~rSr S jzpf hcJcaom aJ om txufwG wifiG f azmfjyxm;aom jyxm;aom yk'f'rwG rf wGifi f yg d&aom Saom vk dtyf tyfcscsurs rf sm; tjyif atmuf atmufyg ygw d @k u dkvnf vnf; wifoG oifiG ;&rnf ;f &rnf? (u) av#mufv$ v$mwif mwifxm;aom xm;aom jynfe,f e,f (ok d @r[kwf w)f trsK;om;or*~ ;d om;or*~. rSwf wfyHy kwif w H ifjcif jcif; uk d axmufcHcEdEH kifid &ef &f ef tenf;qH ;qH k; &yfuG uGuf uf (ok d @r[kwf w)f a'opdyfy f or*~q,f q,fckcESEk hifiS f tquf EG,f , df&S&a=umif aS =umif; tzG J @0ifrs rsm;jzpfa=umif a=umif; oufaojy aojy axmufcHcv$ v H m$ wifoG oGifi;&rnf ;f &rnf? 4if;&yf ;&yf uGuf uf (ok d @r[kwf w)f a'opdyfyor*~ o f r*~wck wckpDponf o D nf rSwf wyHyf kwif w H ifxm;jyD xm;jyD; jzpfI 4if;wk ;wk d @vyfy_ &S&f Sm;&m m;&m tvkyfyXme Xf me (ok d @r[kwf w)f pufr_rtvk t _ vkyfy&H&f kHwG wGifif vkyfyud u f kdifiaom af om tvkyfyorm;rs o f rm;rsm;uk d wuf=uG =uG pGm uk d,f ,pm;jyKaeonf pf m;jyKaeonf h or*~ or*~jzpf jzpf&rnf &rnf? (c) &yfuG uuf u G (0g f (0g) a'opdyfyor*~ o f r*~rs rsm; v_yfy&S&f m;&m Sm;&m tvkyfyXmers Xf mersm;. tvkyfy&S&f Sifiwk w f d @k . trnf rsm;ES hifi ae&yf f ae&yfvd vyfyd pmrs pf mrsm;uk d wif wifoG oifiG ;&rnf ;f &rnf? Tvk dtyf tyfcscsurs rf sm; jynf hpHp kI H rSwf wyHyf kwif w H ifcGc hifiG f &&S djyD jyD;aom ;aom jynfe,f e,f (0g) trsK;om;or*~ ;d om;or*~onf onf &yfuG uuf u G fESE hifiS f a'opdyfyf tzG J @tpnf;rs ;rsm;uk d rSwf wfyHy kwif w H ifay;jcif ay;jcif;rjyKyJ ;rjyKyJ 4if;wk ;wk d @u dk pnf pnf;&H ;&H k;jcif ;jcif;ES ;ES fihi tzG h tzG J @0iftjzpf tjzpf od odrfr;oG ;f oGifi;Ek ;f dEkificGcf ifiG df&S&h Sonf onf? (*) jynfe,f e,f (0g) trsK;om;or*~ ;d om;or*~. tajccH JzG @pnf;yH ;yH kOya'wG Oya'wGifif tzG J @0iftm;vH tm;vH k;wk ;wk d @. wk duf u d&k&f uf u k fv# v @#Kd 0uf u S rJrf qEN q J ENay;a&G ay;a&G;cs ;cs,fr_rjzif j_ zif h a&G a&G;cs ;cs,fwif wifajrS ajrSmuf mufvk v dkuaom af om uk d,f ,pm;vS pf m;vS,f ,rs rf sm; . rJqEN qENay;jcif ay;jcif;vnf ;vnf;aumif ;aumif;/;/ tr_aqmif aqmif t&m&S drs rsm;uk d a&G;cs ;cs,f&ef &ef xnf hoG oGifi;xm;& ;f xm;& rnf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -70
yk'rf (109) tzG J @tpnf;. aiGpm&if;&Si;f wrf; (0g)aiGaumufcjH cif;tm; pDrcH ef @cjGJ cif;/ aiGxkwaf y;jcif;/ &efy kaH iGrsm;/ tjcm;aiGrsm;ES hi f tjcm;aomypPn;f rsm;ud kapmif ha&Smuf xde;f csKyfjcif;jyKvky&f ef wm0ef S&daomrnfonf ht JzG @pnf;rsm;. b¿ma&;rSL;rqd kE hiS f xd kt JzG @. trlaqmift&m&d Sw kdi;f onf ‚if;&mxl;vufcw H m0ef,laom tcsderf pS I (0g) ‚if;wm0efxrf;aqmif&aom aemufq k;H ae@w kid af tmif ‚if;rSvufc&H S&daiGE hiS f xkwfay; onf haiG/ ‚if;tm; xde;f odr;f apmif ha&Smuf&ef ,H k=unfpmG tyf HEx S m;aom aiGa=u;tmrcH pmcsKyfrsm; (bonds) tjcm;tmrcHpmcsKyfrsm;tm;vH k;ES hif tzG J @pnf; yd kiyf pPnf;rsm;/ rSeu f ef aom aiGpm&if;&Si;f wrf;rsm;ud k atmufygtwd ki;f &Si;f vif;ay;&rnf? (1) bÀma&;ESpu f keq f k;H +yD;aemuf &ufaygi;f (30)twGi;f tenf;qH k; wESpv f #if w}udr f ay;&rnf? (2) tzG J @tpnf;0iftrsm;pkr S vd ktyfovd kq k;H jzwfonf htcsdet f cgw kid ;f wGi f ES hif (3) rdrw d m0efr S a&$ @ajymif;aomtcsed w f iG f ay;&rnf haiGpm&if;&Si;f wrf;ud k aiG pm&if;ppfrS ppfaq;jcif; [kwrf eS af =umif; usr;f used v f $mjzif haxmufcaH y;&rnf? ‚if;rdwWLwpH ku kd tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;tm; ay;yd k @&rnf? rnfonf h tvkyo f rm; tzG J @tpnf;rqd k aiGpm&if;pmtkyrf sm;ES hiaf iGa=u;oH k; GpJjcif;qd ki&f m wjcm; rSwfwrf;rSwf&mrsm;ud k rnfonf htr_aqmif t&m&d S (0g) tzG J @0ifrqd k &H k;csed f twGi;f ppfaq;Ed ki&f ef tqifo hif xm;&d S&rnf? yk'rf (110) aiGa=u;tyd kaumufc&H ef [laom &nf&, G fcsufjzif h ac:,laom oufq kid af om tpnf;ta0;wGif JzG @pnf;tkycf sKyfy k H tajccHOya'ES hit f nD qH k;jzwfcsuf csrw S x f m; +yD;onf htwk di;f aqmif&Gujf cif;r[kw hfcaJ omf tzG J @0ifrsm;xHrS JzG @pnf;tkycf sKyfy kH tajccHOya'ESif h a'otm%myd kiw f k @d u xkwjf yefxm;onf h Oya'wd k @wGi f tao;pdwf twdtus azmfjyxm;onf h tca=u;aiGrsm;ES hi'f %faiGrsm; ay;aqmif&ef owfrw S cf suf wd k @xuf vGeu f +J yD; tjcm; txl; tca=u;aiG (0g) txl;owfrw S fa=u;wd k @u kd pnf;=uyf
zuf'&,f '&,fjynf jynfaxmif axmifpkp jref k jrefrmEd rmEd kififiHiHtvkyfyorm;Oya' o f rm;Oya' (rl=urf =urf;);)
pmrsufESEmS -71
jcif;rjyK&? ;rjyK&? tzG J @pnf;.ttwG ;.ttwGifi;a&;rS ;f a&;rSL;onf L;onf tpnf tpnf;a0; ;a0; rSwf wfwrf wrf;yg ;yg tcsuf tvuf tvufrs rsm; tpnf;ta0;wuf ;ta0;wufaom aom yk d*~*Kvf K~ vfwd w @ kd . trnfpm&if pm&ifrs rsm;tm; qENjyK jyK xnf h0if 0ifxm;aom xm;aom rJpm&if pm&if;rs ;rsm;txl;owf ;owfrSrwf w S a=u;(0g af =u;(0g) tca}u;aiGud u kd rnfonf onf h &nf&G&G,f ,cscf sujzif jf zif h aumufcHc&ef &H ef ‚if;txl ;txl;a=u;aiG ;a=u;aiGrs rsm;ud k vufcHc&&S &H d&Sol ors lrsm;tm; rSwf wwrf w f rf;wif ;wifxm;&rnf xm;&rnf? xd krSrwf w S fwrf wrf;rS ;rSefeuef u f efa}umif a}umif; OuUX taxmuftxm;jyK txm;jyK vufrSrwf w S fxd x k;&rnf ;d &rnf? T “Oya'yk'f'r”wG rf ”wGifi yg f yg0ifaom aom vkyfyief if ef;aqmif ;aqmifwmrs wmrsm;twGuf urSrf S v$ JjyD jyD; tvkyfyorm;wOD o f rm;wOD;. ;. tm%mukefev$ v f Jtyf t $ yfa}umif a}umif; pmr¶S dyJyJ ‚if;tvk ;tvkyfyorm;rs o f rm;rsm; &oif h&xd &xd kuf uaom faom aiGtca=u; tca=u; aiGxJ xJrSrS rnfonf onf htxl txl;owf ;owfrSrwf w S a=u; af =u; (0g) tjcm;txl;tca=u;aiG ;tca=u;aiGud u krSrd S jzwfawmuf awmuf E_wf wf,l ,jcif jl cif; rjyK&? aiGE_Ewf w _ f,l ,&ef &l ef tm%mv$ Jtyf tyfpmwG pmwGifif aiGa=u;pk a=u;pkpkpayg ak ygi;tm; f;tm; rnfonf onf h twGuf ua=umif fa=umif h vnf;aumif ;aumif;/;/ xkwf w,l , f aiG al iGud u kd rnfol otus t l usK;cH dK;cHpm;cG pm;cG hifi d¶S¶f Sa=umif a=umif;ud ;ud k wdwd wus u d sus az:jy&rnf? yk'f'rf (111) tzG J @0ifrsrsm;tay: txufazmf azmfjyyg jyyg tcG hifita&;rs t f a&;rsm;ES hifif vd ktyf tyfcscsu f tajctae rsm;ud k cs kK;azmuf Kd ;azmufjcif jcif;¶S ;¶S hcJcd aomf aJ omf jyKjyif jyKjyifr_r d¶S¶_ vmap&ef v S map&ef or*~tzG t JzG @0ifODO;a&. ;D a&. tenf;qH ;qH k; (20) &mcd kifiE_Ef efe_ ;¶S ;f d¶Saom aom OD;a&.ud ;a&.ud k,f ,pm; pf m; tvkyfyorm;0ef o f rm;0ef}uD }uD;xH ;xHod o @ kd wd kifiwef w f ef;Ek ; dEkifionf o f nf? 0ef}uD }uD; onf rnfonf onf hcscsK;azmuf Kd ;azmufr_rud u _ kdrqd rqd k avsmfuef uefaom aom *¶kpdp kuf u d a0zef af 0zefoH o k;oyf ;H oyfjcif jcif;jyKjyD ;jyKjyD; aemuf =um;em ppfaq;jyD aq;jyD;aemuf ;aemuf oif hawmf awmfonf onf h oufomr_ omr_ud u kd OD;wnf ;wnftaumif taumiftxnf txnfay: ay: ap&ef qH k;jzwf ;jzwfcscsucscf say;Ek difionf o f nf h tm%m¶S donf onf? 0ef}uD }uD;. ;. qH k;jzwf ;jzwfcscsufcscsjyD; &ufayg aygi;f (30) twGifi;/;f / tkyfycscf sKyfa&;ES a&;ES hififq kifid aom af om aqmif&G&uf u G cscf sufud u k d a,bl,s ,stm;jzif h jyefvnf vnf oH k;oyf ;oyfcGc hifiG d&S&f Sonf onf[l [aom al om ta}umif;jycs ;jycsujzif jf zif h dEkifiiHif Hawmf awmftvk tvkyfyorm;quf o f rm;qufqH qa&; aH &; w&m; H¶k;od ;od @ k toem;cHwif wifjyEk jyEk difionf o f nf? xd @ k jyif oufomr_ omr_&ap&ef &ap&ef toem;cHjcif jcif;ud ;ud k tcsdefe DrSrf S }udKwif KwifI or*~tk tyfyk cscf sKyfa&;tzG a&;tzG J @xH wifjyjyD jyjyD;yg ;ygvsu/f jiif;y,f ;y,fcHc&jcif &H jcif;/;/ vspfvs vsL¶_jcif jcif; cH& aomf tvG JoH o k;pm;jyKxm;onf ;H pm;jyKxm;onf h aiGa=u; a=u; (0g) tjcm; OpPmypP mypPnf n;&yd ;f &yd kificGcf hGifrs rsm;ud k or*~od o @ kd jyefvnf vnfay;tyf ay;tyf&ef &ef/ tvkyfyorm;tzG o f rm;tzG J @tpnf;. ;. tzG J @0ifODO;a& ;D a& (20)&mcd kifiE_Ef efe_ ;onf ;f onf ‚if ‚if;wd ;wd @ k .trnfrs rsm;(0g)or*~. ud k,f ,pm;vS pf m;vS,f ,rs rf sm;taejzif h dEkifiiHif awmf aH wmftvk tvkyfyorm;quf o f rm;qufqH qa&; aH &; H¶k; wGifi ta&;,l f ta&;,lw&m;pG w&m;pG Jqd q k dEkEd ifik fonf?
zuf'&,f '&,fjynf jynfaxmif axmifpkp jref k jrefrmEd rmEd kififiHiHtvkyfyorm;Oya' o f rm;Oya' (rl=urf =urf;);)
pmrsufESEmS -72
w&m;vd kbuf bufrSrS tEd kifi&cJ &f hcJaomf aomf ‚if;wd ;wd @ k . a&S @aep&dwf w f rsm;ES hifif ukefeus u f sp&dwf wf wd @ k u kd or*~ or*~.&ef .&efyHy kaiG aH iGxJ xJrSrS ukefeus u f sc&rnf &H rnf? tb,fa=umif a=umif h qd kaomf aomf ‚if;w&m;pG ;w&m;pG Jqd q kr_rd onf o _ nf tzG J @tpnf;wck ;wckvH v k;tm; ;H tm; tusdK;aus K;aus;Zl;&S ; d&Sapjcif apjcif;a}umif ;a}umif h jzpfonf onf? oydwf wfarS arSmuf mufaepOf aepOf umv (od @ k r[kwf w)f tjcm;aom tvkyfyorm;jiif o f rm;jiif;ck ;ckefer_rf jzpf _ jzpfyGm;aecsdefewG w f ifiG f TuJ hod o @ kd aom w&m;pG Jqd q kjcif jd cif; rjyK&? xd @ k tjyif oydwf waepOf af epOfumv umv (od @ k r[kwf w)f tjcm;aom tvkyfyf orm; jiif;ck ;ckefer_rf jzpf j_ zpfyGym;aecs mG ;aecsefed fwGifi f w&m;pG Jxm;&if xm;&if;jzpf ;jzpfaom aom tr_ud udpPptm; t P m; &yfqd q kifid ;ap& ;f ap& rnf? &mZ0wfr_rjzwf j_ zwfxH x k;H “Oya'yk'f'fr”wGifi f vmbfay;,l ay;,lr_r/_ or*~OpP OpPmypP mypPnf nf;tm; ;tm; tv$ J oH k;pm;r_ ;pm;r_ESE hifiS f tzG J @0ifrs rsm;tm; zd dESEyfyS r_rf ponf p_ onf h jzpfr_rus u _ sL;vGefejcif jf cif;wd ;wd @ k u kd jypf jypf'%f '%fcwf cwf&ef &ef jznf hpGpuf u G fxnf xnf hoG oifiG ;xm;&rnf ;f xm;&rnf? E.Right of Registered Labour Organizations
rSwf wfyHy kwif w H ifjyD jyD;aom ;aom tvkyfyorm;tzG o f rm;tzG J @tpnf;rs ;rsm;.tcG hifita&;rs t f a&;rsm;? of registered labour organization yk'f'rf (112) Rights of registered rSwf wfyHy kwif w H ifjyD jyD; tvkyfyorm;tzG o f rm;tzG J @tpnf;wck ;wckwG wifiG &S f d&S&rnf &rnf htcG tcG hififta&;rsm;rSmm-
(u) tpd k;&/ ;&/ dEkifiiHif a&;yg aH &;ygwrs Drsm; (0g) tvkyfy¶S¶f ifiS rs rf sm;wd @ k .uef @owfxd xdefe;cs ;f csKyfr_r ryg _ rygy/J vkyfycaiG cf aiG rsm;/ tvkyfycscf sefed em&D ef m&Drs rsm;/ tvkyfycef cf ef @xm;jcif;ES ;ESifif h ygwfowf owfaom aom owfrSrwf w S fcscsurs rf sm;ES hifif tajctaersm;/ vlrlra&;qd al &;qd kifi&mw&m;rS &f mw&m;rS swr_rs rsm;/ tvkyfyorm;rs o f rm;rsm;ES hifivl v f @l t JzG @tpnf;xJ ;xJrSrS tjcm;aom tzG J @tpnf;rs ;rsm;ES hifi yg f ygwowf o f wforS orS saom jy\emtm;vH k;ES ;ES hifif Ed kiiHif a&;qd aH &;qd kifi&m &f m jy\em (tygt0if) wd @ k u f kd tzG J @0ifwd w @ kd . ud k,f ,fpm;vS pm;vS,f ,tjzpf t f jzpf/ vkyfyud u f kifid aqmif af qmif&G&Guf uEdEf kifid f &eftcG tcG hifita&;? t f a&;? (c) tvkyfy¶S¶f ifiS wOD w f OD;. ;. tvkyfyorm;rs o f rm;rsm;twGuf uf txl;oD ;oD;oef ;oef @payg ak ygi;f aphpyf pyfnS n d dSE_Eifi_ ;ay; ;f ay; onf h ud k,f ,pm;vS pf m;vS,f ,ftjzpf tjzpf aqmif&G&uf u G &ef &f efESE hifiS f T“Oya'yk'f'fr”wGifif xnf hoG oGifi;az:jyxm; ;f az:jyxm; aom aumfrwD rwDtzG t JzG @rsm;wGifi yg f yg0ifaqmif aqmif&G&Guf u&ef &f ef? (*) T “Oya'yk'f'r”wG rf ”wGifif xnf hoG oifiG ;az:jyxm;aom ;f az:jyxm;aom owif;zvS ;zvS,f ,fjcif jcif;ES ;ES hifif DES;aES ;aESm wd kifiyif yf ifjcif jcif; vkyfyief if ef;pOf ;pOfwd w @ kd wGifiyg yf g0ifaqmif aqmif&G&Guf u&ef &f ef?
zuf'&,f '&,fjynf jynfaxmif axmifpkp jref k jrefrmEd rmEd kififiHiHtvkyfyorm;Oya' o f rm;Oya' (rl=urf =urf;);)
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(C) tvkyfyorm;tzG o f rm;tzG J @tpnf;ES ;ES hifi f ‚if;.tzG J @0ifwd w @ kd toH k;jyK&ef ;jyK&efESE hifiS tus t f usK;&S dK;&S dap&ef ap&ef ajr/ taqmuftOD tOD;ponf ;ponf hra&$ ra&$ @ajymif;Ek ; dEkifiaom af om ypPnf n;rs f;rsm;omru a&$ @ajymif;Ek ; dEkifiaomud af omud k,f ,ydyf kifid f ypPnf n;rs f;rsm;ud k yd yd kifiqd q f kifid dEkEf ifik f&ef &ef? (i) ‚if;rS ;rSwf wfyHy kwif w H ifxm;aomtrnf xm;aomtrnfjzif jzif h w&m;pG w&m;pG Jqd q k dEkEd ifik &ef &f ef ES ES hifiw&m;tpG w f &m;tpG JcHcEdEH kifid &ef &f ef? (p) tzG J @tpnf;ES ;ES hifi‚if ‚f if;/;/ tzG J @0ifrs rsm;jzpfaom aom tvkyfyorm;tm;vH o f rm;tm;vH k;twG ;twGuf uf jcHKiH KiH kI Oya' t& aqmif&G&uf u G f&ef &ef d&S&aom Saom udpPpt00 t P 00 uk dwm0ef wm0efcHcaqmif aH qmif&G&Guf u&ef &f ef? rnfonf onf hOya'jyXmef Oya'jyXmef;cs ;csufud u krSrd S qef @usiI f rcsK;azmuf Kd ;azmuf rckcHcyJyH J rSwf wyHyf kwif w H ifxm;jyD xm;jyD;aom ;aom tvkyfyorm;tzG o f rm;tzG J @tpnf;rs ;rsm;. ypPnf n;rs ;f rsm; ES hifif 0ifaiG aiGrs rsm;/ jynfwG wifiG ;f (0g) jynfyrS yrS tvm;wl nDtud tud ktzG t JzG @tpnf;rs ;rsm;xHrSrS &&S daom aom ay;urf;vS ;vSL'g L'gef;jcif ;jcif;/;/ vufaqmif aqmiftjzpf tjzpf &jcif;/;/ tvSLaiG LaiGrs rsm;/ xnf h0if 0ifaiG aiGrs rsm; tygt0if tm;vH tm;vH k;onf ;onf tcG tcGefetaumuf t f aumufpDp;=uyf ;D =uyfjcif jcif; ES hifi tjcm;aom&mjzwf f tjcm;aom&mjzwfjcif jcif;wd ;wd @ k rS vGwf wuif u f if;&rnf ;&rnf? Tae&mwGifixnf x f nf hoG oifiG ;az:jyxm;onf ;f az:jyxm;onf h “uif;vG ;vGwf wjcif jf cif;”ud ;”ud k txl;Oya' ;Oya' rS xif&S&Sm;pG m;pGmaz:jyjyD maz:jyjyD; ¶kwfod odrfr;ay;&ef ;f ay;&efawmif awmif;qd ;qd krSrom o S m vS siz,f zf ,f&S&Sm;Ek m;Ek d kifirnf rf nf? F.Coverage
t}uHK;0if K;0ifjcif jcif; yk'f'r(113) rf (113) Converage and employment right to self-organization tvkyfyorm; o f rm; or*~rs rsm;./ ud k,f ,ydyf kifid tzG t f JzG@tpnf;zG ; JzG @y kifid fc hGifiESEf hSi t}uH f t}uHK;0if K;0ifjcif jcif;rs ;rsm;? rnfonf onf htvk tvkyfy¶S¶f ifiS . f tvkyfyorm;rs o f rm;rsm;rqd k ul;oef ;oef;a&mif ;a&mif;0,f ;0,fa&;/ a&;/ pufr_rvk v _ yfyk ief if ef;/;/ pd kuf ufys ysK;a&;ES Kd ;a&;ES hifif Ed kifiiHif ydyH kdivk v f kyfyief if ef;rs ;rsm;/ trsm;jynfol owd w l @ kd twGuf uf HzG @jzdK;a&;vk K;a&;vkyfyief if ef;rs ;rsm;ESififh bmoma&; t& ukod o kdvf vtvS t f vSL'g L'gejyKa&; (0g) ynma&;vkyfyief if ef;rs ;rsm;/ tjrwftpG tpGefe;&onf ;f &onf jzpfap/ ap/ r&onfjzpf jzpfap/ ap/ yg0ifaqmif aqmif&G&Guf uvk v f yfyk ud u f kdifivS v f sS u d&S&f aom Saom vkyfyief if ef;tm;vH ;tm;vH k;wd ;wd @ k wifiG f tvkyfycef cf ef @xm;aom tvkyfyorm;tm;vH o f rm;tm;vH k;twG ;twGuf u f tusHK;0if K;0ifonf? ‚if;wd ;wd @ k tjyeftvS tvSefef tultnD tnDay;&ef ay;&ef/ umuG,f ,ay;&ef af y;&efESE hifiS f pkayg aygi;nS ;f nS d dE_E_i;aph ;f aphpyf pyf&ef &ef &nf&G&G,f ,jyD jf yD; tvkyfyorm; o f rm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -74
tzG J @tpnf;rsm; JzG @pnf;jcif;rsm;Yyg0ifjcif; (0g) uln hDyyH k;d jcif;/ vkyu f kdiaf qmif&Gucf hiG f d&Sonf? twnfwus ae&mr&S daom wae&mrSwae&mod k @ oGm;vmvSn hfvnf vkyu f kdif =u&aom ysHustvkyo f rm;rsm;/ ud k,yf kid t f vkyv f yk o f lrsm;ES hiw f dwdusus tvkyv f kyf olrsm;/ wdusonf h tvky&f Sirf sm; r&S daomtvkyo f rm;rsm;onf rnfonf hOya' jyXmef;csuu f krd sS csKd ;azmufjcif;r&S dyJ ‚if;wd k @tcsi;f csi;f tjyeftvSef tultnDay;&efE hiS f tumtuG,fay;&ef/ tvkyo f rm;tzG J @tpnf;rsm;ud k JzG @pnf; dEkio f nf? yk'rf (114) Ed kiif aH wmf tkycf sKyfa&;yd ki;f qd kif&m tpd k;&ud k,pf m;jyKaom 0efxrf;rsm;ES hif ppfbufq kid &f m ES hif &Jbufq kid &f m tr_xrf;t&mxrf;rsm;wd k @onf w&m;0ifaom &nf&G,cf surf sm; xm;I toif;tzG J @rsm; JzG @pnf; dEkio f nf? yk'rf (115) pDrcH ef @cGaJ &;qd ki&f m tvkyo f rm;rsm;/ Ed kiif aH wmfy kid v f yk if ef;rsm;. refae*sm/ pDrcH ef @ JcG tkycf sKyfolrsm; tygt0ifE hiS f jynfo @l 0efxrf;wd k @onf rnfonf h tvkyo f rm;tzG J @ tpnf;ud k JzG @pnf;jcif; (0g) yg0ifjcif;/ ulnaD xmuf hyjH cif;ay;rsm; jyKvkycf hiG rf d&S? }uD;}uyfuyG u f Jjcif;yd ki;f qd ki&f m tvkyo f rm;rsm;onf t&m&S dr[kwaf om tvkyo f rm; rsm; tzG @t J pnf;wGi f yg0ifc hGifr d&Syg? od k @aomf oD;jcm; ‚if;wd k @pak ygi;f I tvkyo f rm; tzG J @tpnf;rsm; JzG @pnf;jcif;/ yg0ifjcif;/ ulnDaxmuf Hyjh cif;rsm; jyKvky dEf ik o f nf? yk'rf (116) tvkyo f rm;rsm; tjyeftvSeu f n l D&ef/ umuG,fay;&efE hiS f pnf; H&k;&ef/ ‚if;wd k @. tcG hif ta&;vkyu f kid af qmif&u G f}u&mwGif rnforl qd k wm;jrpfjcif;/ t"rRtiftm;oH k;jcif;/ JcGjcm;r_jyKvkyjf cif; (0g) 0ifa&mufpu G fzufjcif; rsm;jyKvky hcf aJ omf w&m;Oya' csKd ;azmuf jcif;yif jzpfonf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -75
&&S drnf htcG hit f a&;xJwiG f tvkyo f rm;rsm; tjyeftvSeu f lnaD y;&ef (0g) tumtuG,f ay;&ef(0g) rdrw d k @d pw d f =udKufa&G;cs,af om ud k,fpm;vS,rf sm;rSwqif h pkaygi;f aphpyf! S _dEid ;f ay;&ef ponf h&nf&, G fcsufrsm;jzif h ‚if;&nf&, G fcsufrsm;ud kvnf; wufnDvufnpD mG jzif h w&m;Oya'abmiftwGi;f rS aqmif&u G ffE kid &f ef tvkyo f rm;tzG J @tpnf;rsm;ud k JzG @pnf; Ed kicf hiG f/ yg0ifE kid fciG (fh 0g) ulnaD xmuf hyEH kid fc hGiw f k @d yg0if&rnf// T“Oya'yk'rf ” yg &nf&, G fcsurf sm; tm;vH k;twGuf txl;ojzif hatmufaz:jyyg yk'rf rsm;t&---tvkyo f rm;rsm;tay: rw&m;aom aqmif&Gujf cif;rsm;tay:ES hif ywfoufjyD; T“Oya'yk'rf ”wGi f az:jyxm;aom aumfrwDrsm;wGiyf g0ifrnf h ‚if;wd k @.ud k,pf m;vS,f rsm;ud k vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,Ef kid &f efE hiS f ‚if;uk d,fpm;vS,rf sm;onf tvkyo f rm;rsm; ud k,pf m; vGwv f yfpmG vkyaf qmifE kid cf hiG f d&Sonfu kd todtrSwfjyK&efE hiS f ‚if;wd k @onf rnfonf htvky&f iS . f [ef @wm;jcif;/ t"rR apcd ki;f jcif;/ v$r;f rd k;jcif;/ JcGjcm;owfrw S jf cif; (0g) rw&m;pGmtultnDay;jcif;wd k @. t&dy f =oZmatmufo k @d rusa&mufap&ef wd k @jzpfonf// G. Unfair Labour Practices
tvkyo f rm;rsm;tay: rw&m;aomvkyaf qmifjcif;rsm;? yk'rf (117) Unfair Labour Practices of employers. tvky&f Sirf sm;. tvkyo f rm;rsm;tay: rw&m;aomvkyaf qmifjcif;rsm;// tvky&f Siw f OD;taejzif h atmufygw k @d jyKvkyaf omf w&m;r0ifjcif;jzpfonf// (u) tvkyo f rm;rsm;tjyeftvSet f ultnDay;&efE hiS f tumtuG,af y;&ef(0g)ud k,fy kid f pnf;±H k;oif; JzG @&ef ‚if;wd k @.tcG hit f a&;rsm;t& vkyu f kid af qmif&u G f&mwGi f T“Oya' yk'rf ”wGif JzG @pnf;xm;aomaumfrwDrsm;Y yg0if&ef ud k,fpm;vS,rf sm;a&G;cs,&f mwGif 0ifa&muf pGufzufjcif;/ wm;jrpf[ef @wm;jcif; (0g) t"rRapcd ki;f jcif;wd k @ jyKvkyv f #i f (0g) ‚if; ud k,pf m;vS,frsm;uk d 0ifa&mufpu G fzufjcif; wm;jrpf[ef @wm;jcif; (0g) t"rRapcd ki;f jcif; wd k @jyKvkyv f #if w&m;r0ifjcif;jzpfonf// (c) tvkycf ef @ay;&efv kdtyfaom tajcw&yftaejzif h atmufygu hJo k @d owfrw S af omf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -76
w&m;r0ifjcif; jzpfonf// vlwOD; (0g) tvkyo f rm;wOD;onf tvkyo f rm; tzG J @ tpnf;od k @ r0if& (0g) yg0ifxm;aomtzG J @rS E_wfxw k fay;&ef/ (0g) T“Oya'yk'rf ”wGif yg0ifonf h rnfonf haumfrwD. rnfonf hq k;H jzwfcsu f (0g) rnfonf hy d*k K~ vfwOD;OD;tm; axmufcjH cif; (0g) qef @usijf cif;rjyK&efowfrw S af omf// (*) 0efaqmifrr_ sm;ES hif vkyif ef;rsm;ud k vkyaf qmifay;jcif;uk d zsuo f dr;f &yfq kid ;f jcif; jyKvkyv f #if Tod k @vkyaf qmifjcif;a=umif h T“Oya'yk'rf ”wGiaf zmfjyxnf hoiG ;f xm;aom tvkyo f rm;rsm;. tcG hit f a&;ud k us hio f k;H &mwGif 0ifa&mufpu G zf ufjcif;/ wm;qD; [ef @wm;jcif; (0g) t"rRapcd ki;f jcif; wd k @jzpfay:Ed kio f nf// (C) T“Oya'yk'rf ”wGiaf zmfjyxm;onf h rnfonf haumfrwD. tvkyo f rm; ud k,pf m;vS,rf sm; a&G;cs,af &;vkyif ef; tpOfE hSiyf wfoufIvnf;aumif;/ rnfonf h tvkyo f rm; tzG J @tpnf;. vkyaf qmifcsujf zpfaomzG J @pnf;jcif; (0g) tkycf sKyfjcif;ES hif ‚if;.pnf;±H k;a&;orm; (0g) axmufco H rl sm;wd k @u kd aiGa=u;axmuf hyjH cif; (0g) tjcm; tultnDay;jcif; wd k @tygt0if ponfw k @d wGif ud k,w f kdiaf &S @aqmifay;jcif;/ v$r;f rd k; csKyfu kdiaf y;jcif;/ ulnrD pjcif; (0g) wenf;wvrf;tm;jzif h 0ifa&mufpu G fzufjcif; jyKvkyf v#i f (0g) rnfonf haumfrwD. rnfonf hq k;H jzwfcsuw f iG rf qd k 0ifa&mufpu G zf uf&ef =udK;pm;tm;xkwfv#if w&m;r0ifjcif;jzpfonf// (i) rnfonf htvkyo f rm;tzG J @tpnf;. tzG J @0ifjzpfvm&ef tm;ay;jcif; (0g) tm;ray; bJ pdwfysuv f mapjcif; wd k @jyKvky&f eftwGuf vkycf rsm; tvkyv f ky&f onf hem&Daygi;f ES hif tvkyEf hiS f ywfoufaom tjcm;rSwcf sufrsm;ES hi f tajctaewd k @u kd JcGjcm;owfrw S fjcif; jyKvkyv f #if (0g) T“Oya'yk'rf ”wGif xnfoiG ;f JzG @pnf;xm;aom rnfonf haumfrwD twGufrqd k ud k,pf m;a&G;cs,fa&; vkyif ef;tpOfwiG f v$r;f rd k;=oZmoufa&mufap&ef jyKvkyv f #if (0g) T“Oya'yk'fr”wGif xnf hoiG ;f JzG @pnf;xm;aom rnfonf haumfrwD. tvkyo f rm; ud k,pf m;vS,frsm;tay: v$r;f rd k; =oZmoufa&mufap&efjyKvkyv f #if pkaygi;f !S d _Eid ;f aphpyfa&; oabmwlnDcsuu f kd vufrw S fa&;xd k;csdew f Gi f tjcm;aomor*~. tzG J @0ifrsm; jzpfaejyD;aom tvkyo f rm;rsm;rSty tvky&f d&S&ef tajctaew&yfjzif h oD;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -77
oef @pak ygi;f aphpyf! d _SEid ;f &ef ud k,fpm;vS,t f jzpf todtrSwfjyKxm;jcif;cH&aom tvkyo f rm;tzG J @tpnf;wck. tzG J @0ifjzpf&efrmS vd ktyfonf[ k tzG J @0ifrsm;rS awmif;qd k jcif;ud k T“Oya'yk'rf ” urS (0g) tjcm;rnfonf hOya' rSwm;qD;jcif;rjyK&// todtrSwfjyKxm;aom pkaygi;f !S d _Eid ;f aphpyf! d dSE_i;f &ef ud k,fpm;vS,. f tzG J @0if r[kwf aom tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm; ‚if;ud k,fpm;vS,. f tzG J @0ifw k @d ay;aqmif&aom tca=u; aiGw k @d E hiS f wef;wlaumufcrH nf// tu,fI xd kt JzG @r[kwo f lrsm;u pkaygi;f !S d _Eid ;f aphpyfjcif; oabmwlnDcsufu kd vufc hcH v J #i/f / (p) tvkyo f rm;wOD;tm; T“Oya'yk'rf ”atmufwiG f &yd kiftcG hit f a&;ud k tcd kit f rm awmif;qd kjcif; (0g) T“Oya'yk'rf ” atmufwiG f &yd kicf hGif tcG hit f a&;ud kawmif;qd kol (0g) tzG J @tpnf;ud k ulnjD cif;wd k @twGuf oufaoxGuq f kad y;jcif; (0g) oufaoxGufq kd &ef jyKvkyjf cif;wd k @a=umif h xd ktvkyo f rm;tm; tvkyjf zKwfjcif; tvkyx f kwyf pfjcif; (0g) wenf;wzH ktm;jzif h tmCmwxm;jcif;(0g) JcGjcm;jcif;jyKvkyv f #i-f (q) T“Oya'yk'rf ”atmufwiG f tvkyo f rm;rsm;u ‚if;.oD;oef @pak ygi;f !S d dEi_ ;f &ef ud k,pf m;vS,t f jzpf tm%mtyfEiS ;f xm;aom rnfonf htvkyo f rm; tzG J @tpnf;ES hif rqd k pkaygi;f aphpyf !S d _Eid ;f &ef d&aS om wm0efcsKd ;azmuf f v#if (0g) T“Oya'yk'rf ”rS awmif;qd k xm;onf htwd ki;f owif;rsm;ay;&ef(0g) wd kiyf if DES;aESm&ef ysuu f u G v f #i-f (Z) or*~ (0g) ‚if;.t&m&S drsm;/ ud k,fpm;vS,rf sm;/ tvkyo f rm;rsm; (0g) T“Oya'yk'rf ” twGi;f xnf hoGi;f yg0ifonh f rnfonf haumfrwD. ud k,fpm;vS,f tvkyo f rm;rsm;ud krqd k pkaygi;f aphpyf! d dSEi_ ;f jcif;rS jy\emwpH kwcktwGuf tjcm;aom jiif;ckerf _twGu f ajyvnfap&ef axmufxm;zd k @ (0g) auseyfIajyvnfap&ef wpdwf wa'otaejzif h wd ku±f ku d f(0g) oG,0f ku d fI aiGay;jcif;(0g) tjcm;tzd k;wef ypPn;f ay;jcif;jyKvky hcf v J #i-f (ps) pkaygi;f aphpyf! S _dEid ;f jcif; oabmwln hcD v J #i f jiif;qefypfonf h oabmoufa&muf aponf h csK;d azmufjcif;jyKcJv h #i/f tvky&f Siw f OD;taejzif h Oya'csK;d azmuf&ma&mufonf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
tvkyo f rm;rsm;tay: tvkyo f rm;tzG J @tpnf;rsm;. rw&m;aomvkyaf qmifjcif;rsm;// yk'rf (118) tvkyo f rm;tzG J @tpnf; ‚if;t&m&S drsm;ES hif uk d,pf m;vS,o f nf atmufygw k @d u kd jyKvkyf v#i f tvkyo f rm;rsm; tay: rw&m;aomvkyaf qmifjcif;jzpfonf? (u) TOya'wGif t"dy g` ,fz hiG fq kx d m;aom ‚if;wd k @.tcG hit f a&;rsm;uk d tvkyo f rm;u us hio f k;H &mwGi f wm;jrpf[ef @wm;jcif;(0g) fEd kv kdrif;xufjyKus hijf cif;jyKvkyv f #if od k @aomf vnf; tvkyo f rm;tzG J @tpnf;wckwiG f tzG J @0ifrsm;&S d&ef (0g) tzG J @0ifrsm; wnfjrJae ap&ef twGu f ‚if;.ud k,fy kid pf nf;rsO;f rsm; jyXmef;cG hi d&f Sonf// (c) (1) or*~0if tvkyo f rm;rsm;tay:/ tzG J @tpnf;od k @0ifc hiG rf &&S daom tvkyo f rm; rsm;tay: tvky&f Sirf aS e IcG Jjcm;jcif;jyKvkyv f map&ef (0g) }udK;yrf;v#i?f (c-2) tjcm;aom tzG J @0ifrsm;tm;/ us hifo k;H aeus owfrw S cf surf sm;ES hi f tajctaersm; t& (0g) tzG J @0iftjzpf/ qufvufwnfaecG hi&f d&Sap&ef jyKvkyo f nf h ta=umif;a=umif h rSwyg; tjcm;aom rnfonf hta=umif;a=umif hrS tvkyo f rm;wOD;tm;tvky&f Sirf S tvky f &yfq kid ;f ap&ef (0g) tvky&f yfq kid ;f ap&ef =udK;yrf;jyKvkyv f #if? (*) tvkyo f rm;tzG J @ tpnf;onf tvkyo f rm;rsm;. oD;oef @pak ygi;f aphpyf! d _ES id ;f jcif; uk d,pf m;vS,jf zpfjyD; tvky&f SifE fiS h pkaygi;f aphpyf! d dSEi_ f;jcif;jyKvky&f rnf hwm0ef ysuu f u G f v#i?f (C) aqmuf&Guaf y;jcif; r&S daom (0g) aqmif&Guaf y;&efvnf;r&S daom vkyif ef;twGuf tvky&f Siw f OD;tm; vm'fay;onf hoabm (0g) twif;tusyfawmif;cHjcif; oabmjzif h aiG (0g) tjcm;tzd k;wefypPnf;rsm;uk d ay;ap&ef yd k @ap&ef/ yd k @ay;&ef/ oabmwlap&ef jyKv#i f (0g) =udK;yrf;r_jyKv#i?f
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -79
(i) T“Oya'yk'rf ”wGiyf g0if Jz @G pnf;xm;aom aumfrwDrsm;. ud k,pf m;vS,rf sm; a&G;cs,&f m wGi f (0g) ‚if;ud k,pf m;vS,frsm;rS qH k;jzwfcsucf sE kid &f ef jyKvkyaf omvkyif ef; tpOfrsm;wGi f t=urf;zufI/ twif;t"rRenf;oH k;I (0g) vm'fay;I rw&m;ojzif h yg0ifpu G fzufjcif; jyKvkyv f #if (p) oabmwlpmcsKyfu kd &yfpyJ pfy,fjcif; oabmoufa&mufaponf h vkyef nf; vky[ f efjzif h pkaygi;f aphpyf! d _SEid f;a&; oabmwlpmcsKyfatmufwiG f or*~t JzG @tpnf;ES hif qd kiaf om0wW&m;t& vkyaf qmif&rnf h rnfonf hwm0efu kdrqd k csK;d azmufv#i?f I. Collective Bargaining & Administration of Agreements.
pkaygi;f aphpyf! d dSEi_ f;jcif;ES hi f oabmwlcsu(f pmcsKyfrsm;) ud k =uD;=uyfprD cH ef @ Jc G jcif;// yk'rf (119) Procedure in collective bargaining. pkaygi;f aphpyf! d _ES id ;f jcif;jyKvky&f mwGi f us hifo k;H onf hvkyx f kH;enf;/ atmufygw k @d onf rnfonf htvky&f SiEf hiS f tvkyo f rm;rsm;. oD;oef @pak ygi;f aphpyf! d _ES id ;f a&; ud k,pf m;vS,t f =um;wGirf qd k pkaygi;f aphpyf! d _SEid ;f =u&mwGif vd kuef m us hio f k;H &rnf h vkyx f k;H vkyef nf;rsm;jzpfonf// (u) wzufraS ejyD; oabmwlpmcsKyf csKyfq kv d kdonf h qENjzif hqufqv H d kv f #if tjcm;wzuf od k @ rdr. d tqd kjyKcsurf sm; a&;om;xm;onf h a=ujimcsufE hiS t f wl pmjzif ha&;om;xm; aom Ed k @wpfu kday;yd k @&rnf? wzufrv S nf; xd ko k @d E k @d wpfpmud k vufc&H d&SjyD;aemuf jyuQ'ed f (10)&uf xufaemufrusapbJ ajz=um;jcif;jyK&rnf// (c) oabmuG Jv JGcsurf sm;ay:aygu hcf aJ omf wzufzufraS eI aqG;aEG; JyGjyKvky&f ef awmif;qd k Ed kio f nf// xd ko k @d awmif;qd konf h&ufrpS I jyuQ'de f (10)&ufxuf aemufrus bJ aqG;aEG; JyG pwif jyKvky&f rnf//
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -80
(*) tjiif;yGm;r_onf &ufowWywf(2)ywf ukev f Gejf yD;onfw kdiaf tmif ajyvnfjcif; r&S d hcaJ omf tvkyo f rm;0ef=uD; (0g) ‚if;cef @tyfxm;aom aphpyfjzefajzay;ol (0g) cH korm"dv=l uD; ,ckTae&mrSpI cH korm"dv=l uD;[k &nf!ìe;f ac:qd koo l nf rdr. d a&S @aqmifrt _ m;jzif h =um;0ifjzefajz&rnfjzpfjyD; ESpOf ;D ESpzf ufpvH k;tm; aphpyfjzefajzaom tpnf;ta0;yG Jrsm;od k @ csujf cif;ac:&rnf// ESpOf ;D ESpzf ufpvH k;rS tpnf;ta0; wufa&muf vm&ef 0ef=uD; (0g) cH korm"dvl=uD;wGif qif hac:pmxkw&f ef tm%m&S donf// ESpzf uf pvH k;wGi f jzefajza&;tpnf;ta0;rsm;Y vH k;vH k;vsm;vsm;rqd ki;f ruG yg0if&ef wm0ef d&S onf// (C) aphpyfjzefajza&;jyKvkyaf ecsed t f wGi;f a&S @y kid ;f Ytjiif;tckeu f d kf oabmwlq k;H jzwf ay;jcif;tm; ðydu JyG suaf p&efE hiS f ydwfyifwm;qD;ap&ef rnfonf hvkyaf qmifcsufu krd S rjyK vky&f ef ESpOf ;D pvH k;tm; ydwyf ifwm;qD;&rnf// yk'rf (120) Duty to bargain collectively in the absence of collective bargaining. pkaygi;f aphpyf! d _SEid f;jcif;oabmwlcsurf sm; (pmcsKyf) r&S dv#if pkaphpyf! d _SEid ;f jcif;jyKvky&f ef vd kuef m&rnf h wm0ef/ oabmwlcsuf (pmcsKyf) r&S d hcJv#i(f 0g) pkaygi;f aphpyf! d _SEid f;jcif;ud k vsifjrefpmG jyKvkyEf kid &f ef tjcm;aom tvk dtavsmuf pDpOfcsufr d&S hcv J #if tvky&f SiEf hiS f tvkyo f rm;rsm;. oD;oef @pak ygi;f aphpyf! d _SEid f;a&; ud k,pf m;vS,w f k @d wGi f T“Oya'yk'rf ”wGi f jyXmef;csuf rsm;ES hi f avsmfnpD mG pkaygi;f aphpyf! d _SEid ;f &rnf h wm0ef d&Sonf// yk'rf (121) pkaygi;f aphpyf! d _SEid ;f &efwm0ef. t"dy g` ,f// pkaygi;f aphpyf! d _SEid f;&efwm0ef qd konfrmS vkycf rsm;/ tvkycf sdeef m&Drsm;ES hi f tvky f tud ki. f owfrw S cf surf sm;ES hi f tajctaetm;vH k;ES hiw f uG epfemcsurf sm;ud k ud kuf! Sad y; &ef tqd kjyKcsurf sm; (0g) ‚if;uJ ho k @d aom oabmwlncD sufr S xGuaf y:vmonf h jy\em
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -81
rsm;ES hif xd ku ho J k @d aom oabmwlnDcsurf sm; aygi;f pyfxnf hoiG ;f xm;onf hpmcsKyfu kd twnfjyKcsKyfq d&k efw d @k tygt0ifE hiS f ywfoufjyD; oabmwlncD su&f d&Sa&; aphpyf aqG;aEG;&eftwGuf &nf&G,I f ESpOf ;D ESpzf ufpvH k; wm0ef0wW&m;t& oabm±d k;jzif h awG @q k&H efE hiS f rqd ki;f rwGb J tpnf;ta0;ac:&ef vkyu f kid af qmif&u G fjcif;jzpfonf// T wm0efonf rnfonf hbufu krd S tqd kjyKcsuu f kd oabmwl&ef(0g) tav#mah y;vd kuf avsm&ef t"rRvkyaf qmifapjcif;r[kwfay// T“Oya'”yg rnfonf henf;vrf;ES hirf qd k txl;oD;oef @ pkaygi;f aphpyf! d _SEid ;f a&; ud k,pf m;vS,ftjzpf tm%mv$ Jtyfjcif;cH&aom tvkyo f rm;tzG J @ tpnf;wckE hiS f xd ktvkyo f rm;tzG J @tpnf;ES hiyf wfoufaomtvky&f Sif onf aphpyf! d _ES id ;f &efwm0efu k d awmif;qd kjcif;ESifh aphpyf! d _ES id ;f jcif;jyKvky&f ef rjzpfrae awmif;qd kE kid af om tcG hit f a&;&S donf// pD;yGm;a&;zG H @+zdK;wd k;wufrr_ sm; (0g) a'oqd ki&f m vrf;a=umif;rsm; (Regional Trends) ±_axmif hr=S unf hv#if toH k;jyKEd kiaf om tpdwftyd ki;f vrf;a=umif;rsm; (Applicable f mG yd kr kad usmfveG o f nf hvyk cf aiGrsm;ES hi f usef;rma&; Sectarian Trends) ud k w&m;vGep cHpm;cG hi f (0g) t+idr;f pm;cG hirf sm;ES hif ywfoufaom rnfonf haemufq k;H (0g) a&S @rwd k;om aemufqw k o f m jzpfaeaomurf;vSr;f csu f (0g) awmif;qd kcsurf qd k tu,fI jrifawG @ od d&SE kid af om tpdwftyd ki;f vrf;a=umif;rsm;r&S d hcv J #if/ r±d k;om;aom aphpyf! d dES i_ ;f jcif; jzpfa=umif; rjiif;qd kE kdio f r# oufaotaxmuftxm;jzpfonf? TudpYP ted hrq f k;H vkycf tqif hrsm;Y use d&f Sae&ef urf;vSr;f csuo f nf r&k d;om;jcif;[k rjiif;qk d dEik for# umvygwfv kH; oufaocH taxmuftxm;jzpfonf? Ú ukex f w k fprG ;f &nfr S tjrwfrsm;. oufotjzpf zd SEyd fc&H aom tvkyo f rm;rsm;. tqif htwef; ord ki;f a=umif;ES hif tvkyo f rm;tqif htwef;rsm;ud k oif havsmaf om pHcsed pf EH e_ ;f tqif ho k @d a&muf&ef jrS hiw f ifay;&ef vd ktyfcsuw f k @d tm;jzif h rSeu f efo hifavsmf a=umif; jyoEd ki hcf v J #if TuJ ho k @d aom vrf;a=umif;rsm;ud kausmfvGeo f nf h awmif;qd k csurf sm; (0g) urf;vSr;f csurf sm;wd k @onf tqrwef w&m;vGejf cif; r[kwfay//
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -82
yk'rf (122) Duty to bargain collectively when there exists a collective bargain agreement
pkaygi;f aphpyf! d _SEid f;a&;om;oabmwl csu f (pmcsKyf) d&S hcyJ gv#if pkaygi;f aphpyf! d S _SEdi;f &rnh f wm0ef? pkaygi;f aphpyf! d _SEid f;a&;oabmwlcsuf(pmcsKyf d& hScyJ gv#i)f pkaygi;f aphpyf! d _ES id ;f &rnf h wm0ef wGi f ‚if;wd k @. oufwef;umvwav#muftwGi;f xd koabmwlnDcsuu f d k f rnfonf hbuf urSt+yD;owf&yfq kid ;f jcif;aomfvnf;aumif;/jyKjyifjcif;aomfvnf;aumif;/rjyKvky&f [lI vnf; t"dy g` , df&o S nf// od k @aomfvnf; rnfonf hzufurqd k oabmwlncD suu f kd &yfq kid ;f (0g) jyKjyifv kyd gu ‚if;wd k @.oufwrf;rukeq f k;H rD tenf;qH k; &ufaygi;f (60)tvd k wGio f wday;Ed k @wpfpma&;IwifoiG ;f Ed kio f nf//xd k&ufaygi;f (60)umvtwGi;f ESpfO;D ESpzf uf pvH k; rS oabmwlncD su f topf& d&Sonf htcsdet f xd ‚if;wd k @ ESpOf ;D ESpzf ufpvH k;onf e*d kae+rJ tqif hwiG af e+yD; vuf d&SoabmwlncD suyf g owfrw S fcsurf sm;ES hi f tajctae rsm;wd k @u kd qufvufI tjynf ht0 xda&mufpmG xde;f odr;f vd kufem&rnf// yk'rf (123) (5) ESpEf hiS f (5)ESpx f ufenf;aom oufwrf;umv&S donf h rnfonf haphpyf! d _SEid ;f a&; oabmwlncD su f (pmcsKyf). oufwrf;ukeq f k;H csed rf a&muf DrS &ufaygi;f (60) umv rwd ki Srf t D wGi;f vuf d&w S m0efaqmif&u G faeaomoD;oef @ pkaygi;f aphpyf! d _SEid ;f a&;ud k,fpm; vS,. f *k%t f qif htwef;ud k oHo,jzpfI uef @uu G af r;jref;vd konf h yef=um;v$mud k vufcrH nfr[kwf// ud k,pf m;vS,t f wnfjyKaxmufccH sufay;aom a&G;aumuf JyG “Certification Eleionct ” ud kvnf;jyKvkyaf y;rnfr[kw/f / yk'rf (124) Injunction prohibited ynwfcsufu kd wm;jrpfyw d fyifonf/ T“Oya'”.yk'rf ---wGi f rde @f q kdxm;csurf v S JI $ rnfow l pH kwOD; (0g) rnfonf hw&m;&H k; urS tvkyo f rm; jiif;cH krE_ hSif ygwo f ufI4if;/ jiif;cHkra_ =umif h4if; ay:aygufjzpfymG ;vm onf h rnfonf hudpt P wGufu drk # ,m,D (0g) tjrJwef; ynwfcsu f (0g) wm;jrpfred @f u dk rxkwfjyef&?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -83
yk'rf (125) Exclusive bargaining representation oD;oef @aphpyf! d _SEid ;f &efu k, d pf m;vS,fa&G;cs,jf cif;/ tvky&f Siw f OD;.tvkyXf me/ vkyif ef;/ tvkyXf mecG Jae&mwd k @wiG f tvkyv f yk af e=uaom tvkyo f rm;rsm;. 50µ &mck diEf e_ ;f aom tvkyo f rm;OD;a&rS T“Oya'yk'rf ”wGif azmfjyxm;aom rnfonf henf;vrf;ES hirf qd k a&G;cs,af y;vd kufaom tvkyo f rm;tzG J @ onf pkaygi;f aphpyf! d _SEid ;f ay;&eftwGuf tvkyo f rm;rsm;. oD;oef @u k, d pf m;vS,jf zpf onf? tjcm;rnfonf hy d*k K~ vf tvkyo f rm;tzG J @tpnf; uk d,pf m;vS,f(0g) T “Oya'yk'rf ” atmufwiG f JzG @pnf;xm;aomaumfrwDE hSif tjcm;aumfrwDw k @d onf/ tvky&f SiEf hiS f pkaygif;aphpyf! d _ES di;f &eftwGuf xd ktvkyo f rm;uk du k, d pf m;rjyK&? od k @aomf vnf; tvkyo f rm;wOD;csi;f (0g) ‚if;.ud k,fpm;vS,o f nf epfemcsu/f rauseyf csuw f k @d u kd tvky&f Si f tm; rnfonf htcsed rf qd k wifjyEd kicf hiG df&o S nf? xd ko k @d wifjycsufu kd ud kun f daS y;jcif;onf rnfonf htoH k;jyKEd kiaf om pkaygi;f aphpyf! d _SEid ;f oabmwlcsufE hiS f qef @usizf v D mjcif; jzpfro S m jyKvkyEf kid o f nf? ‚if;tjyif Tod k @wifjy&efrmS vnf; oD;oef @pak ygi;f aphpyf !S d _Eid ;f a&; ud k,fpm;vS,u f kd Ed k @wpfpmay;yd k @ ta=umif;=um; +yD;jzpf&rnf? yk'rf (126) Representation issue in organized establishments aumif;pGm JzG @pnf;xm;aom tzG J @tpnf;rsm;wGif }uHKawG @&aom ud k,pf m;vS,af &G;cs,f onf h jy\emrsm;? (u) aumif;rGepf mG JzG @pnf;xm;aom tzG J @tpnf;rsm;wGif vuf d&w S m0ef xrf;aqmif aeaom oD;oef @aphpyf! d _SEid ;f a&;ud k,pf m;vS,rf sm;. orm"d/ *k%fxl;/ &mxl;wd k @u kd oHo,&S dv#if uef @uu G far;jref;vd konf h cd kiv f kHaom yef=um;v$mud k tvkyo f rm; 0ef}uD; ±H k;od k @ pkaygi;f aphpyf! d _ES id ;f a&;oabmwlcsu(f pmcsKyf) oufwrf;rukeq f k;H rD &ufaygi;f (60) umvtwGi;f wifoiG ;f vmcJ haomf tvkyo f rm;rsm;.qENu kd aocsmpGmxkwaf zmfjy&ef aphpyf! d _ES id ;f a&; (Xmepdy)f ,lepf d&S tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm;vH k;. (25) &mcd kiEf e_ ;f rSvnf; pma&;I oabmwlnaD =umif; xd kyef=um;v$mud k axmufc hcH yJ gu 0ef}uD;Xme (0g) aphpyf! d _ES id ;f jcif; pwifaomtcsed rf pS I yk'rf (---)t& 0ef}uD;XmerS cef @tyfxm;aom cH korm"dv}l uD;onf v# @Kd 0u S q f ENraJ y;aom a&G;aumuf Jyu G k d usif;yap&ef tvk d tavsmuf trde @f ay;&rnf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -84
(c) qENay;aom rJta&twGu f tenf;qH k; (50) &mck diEf e_ ;f &&S daom tvkyo f rm;tzG J @ tpnf;onf oD;oef @ pkaygi;f aphpyfn S _dEid ;f a&;uk d,pf m;vS,ftjzpf twnfjyK axmufcH jcif; cH&rnf? oH k; JzG @E hSit f xufyg0if ta&G;cHaom a&G;aumuf Jyw G Gif qk dv dkonfrmS or*~ (2) ckE hiS f txufrS ,SOjf ydKif ta&G;cHv#if ,SOjf ydKifor#aom or*~rsm;tm;vH k;twGuf pkpak ygi;f &&S daom rJta&twGufonf xnf h0ifr J tm;vH k;. (50) &mck diEf e_ ;f &&S d hcaJ omf rJta&twGu f trsm;qH k;&&S donf hor*~(2)ck t=um; 'kw, d t}udrf a&G;aumuf Jy(G Runoff Election) jyKvkya f y;&rnf? tu,fI 'kw, d t}udrf a&G;aumuf JyYG rnfonf hor*~rS rJtrsm;pku d k r&&S dyJ jzpfaecJ haomf tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD; (Xme)rS xkwfjyefaom vufawG @toH k;jyK&rnf h pnf; rsO;f rsm;t& or*~wckprD aS eI 'kw, d t}udrf a&G;aumuf JyYG &&S d hco J nf h rJta&twGuf tcsK;d tpm;tvk duf cef @tyfay;vk duaf om (7) OD;yg0ifonf h yl;wG Jor*~ pkaygi;f aphpyf nd S _Eid ;f a&; aumfrwDu d k JzG @pnf;&ef 0ef}uD;(ok d @r[kwf) cH korm"d d&Sv}l uD;rS trde @f ay;&rnf? or*~wckprD S cef @tyfv dkufaom tzG J @0ifxJr S tenf;qH k;wOD;onf 4if;,lepf (Xmepdy)f rS (t&m&S d r[kwaf om) omreft JzG @0ifjzpf&rnf? yl;wG JaumfrwDonf pkaygi;f aphpyfn S _dEid ;f a&;qk di&f m udpt P m;vH k;twGuf oD;jcm; uk d,pf m;vS,t f jzpf twnfjyK axmufcjH cif; cH&rnf? 4if;aumfrwDt JzG @0ifrsm;onf &mxl;cef @tyfay;aom or*~. n$e=f um;csu f (z,f&mS ;jcif;ES hi f tpm;xk d;jcif;rsm;)uk d vk duef m&rnf? (*) &ufaygi;f (60) umv oufwef; ukeq f k;H oGm;csed w f iG f uk d,pf m;vS, f twnfjyK axmufco H nf h a&G;aumuf JyG (Certification Election) usi;f yay;&ef awmif;cHvm$ wifjyjcif;rjyKcJ hv#if tvky&f Sio f nf vuf d&Swm0ef d&Saeaom oD;oef @ pkaygi;f aphpyf! S _dEid f; a&; ud k,pf m;vS,ftrsm;pk. tqif htwef;uk d qufvuf todtrSwjf yK&rnf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -85
yk'rf (127) Petitions in Unorganized Establishments aocsmpGm JzG @pnf;xm;aom tzG J @tpnf;rsm;twGu f toem;cHv$m (awmif;cHv$m) wifoiG ;f jcif;? oD;oef @pak ygi;f aphpyf! S _dEid f;a&; ud k,fpm;vS,rf d&Saom tzG J @tpnf;wckwGif rSwyf kw H ifjyD; aom tvkyo f rm; tzG J @tpnf; (or*~) wckr S aeI awmif;cHv$m wifoiG ;f hcJaom tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;&H k;rSaeI uk d,fpm;vS,t f wnfjyK axmufccH suaf y;aoma&G;aumuf JyG (Certification Election) usi;f yay;&rnf? ESpcf k (ok d @r[kw)f ESpcf x k uf dykaom tvkyo f rm;tzG J @tpnf;(or*~)rsm;rS ,H k=unfavmufaom "rR"Xd mefusaom oufao cHcsufrsm;tay: tajccHI oD;oef @pak ygi;f aphpyfn S _dEid ;f a&; uk d,pf m;vS,frsm;tjzpf ae&m/ tqif h/ &yk dicf hiG Ef hiS f wjydKifeufwnf; tvky&f SiEf hiS f aphpyf! S _dEid ;f a&;uk dyg awmif;qk d vmcJ haom tcsderf w S yg; rnfonf htvky&f iS u f rS awmif;cHvm$ wifjyjcif; (ok d @r[kwf) or*~. *k%o f dumQ ES hi f tqif htwef;uk d oHo,jzih f ar;jref;jcif; rjyK&? yk'rf (128) uk d,pf m;vS,t f wnfjyKaxmufcaH y;a&; (Ceritification)onf jy\emw&yfjzpfae aom udpw P dki;f wGif 0ef}uD;Xme ok d @r[kwf cH korm"dvl}uD; (tzG J @)onf 0ef}uD;XmerS jyXmef;xm;aom pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;ES hit f nD &ufaygi;f (20)twGi;f uk d,fpm;vS,f twnfjyK axmufco H nf ha&G;aumuf JyG (Certification Election) usi;f yay;&rnf? qEN rJay;Ek dio f lrsm; rJay;&ef t&nftcsi;f jynf h DrjS cif;ES hif a&G;aumuf Jy&G vm'frsm;uk d a&G; aumuf JyG pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;ES fit h nD 0ef}uD;Xme (ok d @r[kw)f cH korm"dvl}uD; (tzG J @)rS tqH k;tjzwfay;&rnf? qH k;jzwfcsuu f dk Ed kiif aH wmftvkyo f rm;qufqaH &;&H k;ok d @ wifjy jcif;rS wyg; jyefvnf oH k;oyfc hiG fr d&Sap&? cH korm"dv}l uD; (tzG J @). a&G;aumuf JyG &vm'fw d @k u dk a&G;aumuf Jyw G iG f yg0if ,SOjf ydKifaom rnfonf ht JzG @urqk d txufwiG f azmfjyxm;aom yk'rf ES hit f nD d&S&rnf? rnfonf htcgwiG rf S toem;cHjcif;onf aphpyf !d S _Eid ;f wm0efu dk &yfq dik ;f jcif; rjyK&?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -86
yk'fr (1 (129) Grievance Machinery and Voluntary Arbitration epfemcsuu f kd ajz&Si;f ay;aom tvkyt f JzG @E hSi f w&m;pD&ifq k;H jzwf&ef av#muf xm;aomtzG J @? pkaygi;f aphpyf! S ddEi_ f;a&; oabmwlpmcsKyfu kd t"dy g` ,zf hiG q f k&d mYvnf;aumif; vufawG @ us hio f k;H &mYvnf;aumif; ay:aygufvmaomjy\emrsm;/ tvkyXf mersm;/ ukr% R rD sm;rS t&m&S drsm;twGuf rl0g'rsm;/ tvkyt f ud kiEf hiS yf wfoufaom owfrw S cf sufrsm;ES hif tajctaersm;wd k @E hiS f tjcm;ae&mrsm;rSay:ayguv f maom jy\emrsm;ES hit f vky+f rJ+rHI vH k+cHKr_ S&d&efpaom jiif;ckejf cif;rsm;ud k pD&ifq k;H jzwfay;&ef (pkaygi;f aphpyf! S _dEid ;f a&;) oabmwlncD suw f iG f yg0ifaomtzG J @rsm;onfepfemcsuEf hiS f pD&ifq k;H jzwfcsufvkyx f k;H vkyef nf;rsm; ud k owfrw S af y;&rnf? epfemcsuu f kdajz;&Si;f ay;aom tvkyt f JzG @o k @d wifjyvmaom epfemcsurf sm;tm;vH k;ud k wifjyonf h ae&ufrpS I (7) &uftwGi;f ajz&Si;f ay;Ed kijf cif;r&d S hcaJ omf pkaygi;f aphpyf! S ddE_i;f a&; oabmwlncD suw f iG f az:jyxm;aom w&m;pD&ifq k;H jzwf&ef cH k& kH;tzG J @o k @d tqH k; tjzwfjyKvkyaf y;&ef tvd ktavsmuf wifjy+yD;jzpf&rnf? xk do k @d aoma=umif;a=umif h (pk aygi;f appyf! S _dEid ;f a&;) oabmwlncD suw f iG f yg0ifaom tzG J @rsm;onf cH korm"dv}l uD; (tzG J @)tm; }udKwifowfrw S fcef @tyfxm;&rnf? od k @r[kwf Ed kiif aH wmftvkyo f rm; quf qHa&; w&m;&H k;rS oif hav#mfpmG ,H k=unfvufcx H m;aom cH korm"dv}l uD;wOD; (0g) cH k orm"dv}l uD;rsm;tzG J @u kad &G;cs,f&ef vkyx f kH;vkyef nf;ud k oabmwlncD supf mcsKyfwiG f xnf hoiG ;f xm;+yD; }udKwif a&G;cs,cf ef @tyfxm;&rnf? tu,fI tzG J @rsm;rSae+yD; cH korm"d vl}uD;wOD; (0g) cH korm"d vl}uD;rsm;tzG J @u kd a&G;cs,f&ef ysuu f Gu hcf aJ omf tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD; (Xme) onf tqd kygv}l uD;tzG J @u k d a&G;cs,cf ef @tyf&rnf? yk'rf (130) Jurisdiction of Arbitrators cH korm"dt JzG @. w&m;pD&ify kid cf hGif? cH korm"dv}l uD;(tzG J @)onf pkaygi;f aphpyf! S _Ed id ;f a&; oabmwlpmcsKyfu kd t"dy g` ,zf hiG q f k&d m Yvnf;aumif; vufawG @u hsio f kH;&mYvnf;aumif; ay:aygufvmaomjy\emrsm;/ tvkyXf mersm;/ ukr% R rD sm;rS t&m&d Srsm;twGuf rl0g'tvkyt f ud kiEf hiS yf gwo f ufaom owfrw S cf surf sm;ES hi f tajctaersm;qd ki&f m tvkyt f mrcHcsu Sf&d+yD; vH k+cHKpdwfcsr&_ d&efw k @d
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -87
rSm jzpfay:vmaom jiif;ckejf cif;rsm;ud k pD&ifq k;H jzwf ay;&ef oD;oef @txl; w&m;pD&ify kid f cG hi S&f donf? Ed kiif aH wmftvkyo f rm;qufqaH &; w&m;&H k;ES hifygwo f ufI T“Oya'yk'rf ” wGif xnf hoGi;f xm;jcif;rSwyg;rnfonf hw&m;&H k;rS w&m;pD&ifcsuu f kd rpGufzuf&? cH korm"d tzG J @. w&m;pD&ify kid fc hGit f wGi;f 0ef}uD;Xme. a&S @wGi S&f daom rnfonf hupd rP qd k w&m; pD&ifay;&ef csujf cif; cH korm"dv}l uD; (tzG J @) xH wifjy&rnf? yk'rf (131) Jurisdiction over other labour disputes tjcm;aomtvkyo f rm;jiif;cH krr_ sm;tay:w&m;pD&ify kid cf hGif cH korm"dv}l uD; (0g) cH korm"dv}l uD;tzG J @onf/ tzG J @rsm;. oabmwlncD suft& vdycf J wnf;vnf;jzpfaeaom aphpyf! S _dEid ;f jcif;ES hif tvkyo f rm;rsm;tay: rw&m;pGm jyKrljcif; rsm; tyg0if tjcm;aomtvkyo f rm; jiif;cH krr_ sm; tm;vH k;ud k =um;emppfaq;+yD; qH k;jzwf csu f csay;Ed kicf hiG S&f donf? yk'rf (132) cH korm"dv}l uD; (0g) cH korm"dw&m;ol}uD;rsm;tzG J @wGif tr_=um;emppfaq;&efoufao vufc&H efE hiS f tzG J @rsm;twGi;f ajz&Si;f ajyvnfr&_ S&dap&eftyg0if jiif;cH kra_ jyvnfoGm;ap a&;twGuf vd ktyfovd k ta&;,l&ef tm%m&d Sonf? xk do k @d r[kwfbJ tzG J @rsm;onf tjcm;enf;vrf;ud k oabmwlaomf cH korm"dvl}uD; (0g) cH kt JzG @onf jiif;cH kr_& kH;wifvm onf hae@&ufrpS I jyuQ'ed f&ufaygi;f (20) &uftwGi;f w&m;pD&ifcsufu kd csrw S fay;&rnf? w&m;pD&ifcsufwGi f tcsuftvufrsm;ES hi‚f if;tajccHaom Oya'ud k xnf hoiG ;f ay;&rnf? tzG J @rsm;rS ‚if;pD&ifcsurf w d LW ud kvufcH& S&d+yD; jyuQ'ed &f uf (10) &uf=um+yD;aomf ‚if;pD&ifcsufonf t+yD;owfaemufq k;H ES hif Oya't& twnf jzpfap &rnf? cH korm"dtwGuf ay; aqmif&rnf htca=u;aiGu k d tzG J @rsm;rS yl;wG Jay;aqmif&rnf (od k @r[kwf) pkaygi;f aphpyf! Sd _Edi;f a&;oabmwlcsuw f Gif owfrw S fq k;H jzwfxm;onf h twd ki;f jzpfap&rnf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
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J. Strikes and Lockouts
oydwarS farSmufjcif;ES hif tvkyf&iS fr, S m,Dtvky&f yfq kid f;xm;jcif; yk'fr (133) Strikes, picketing, and lockouts oydwaf rSmufjcif;/ qENjyoydww f m;jcif;ES hif tvkyf&iS frS ,m,Dtvky&f yf qd ki;f xm; xm;jcif;? (u) pkaygi;f aphpyf! S dEd i_ ;f &ef(0g) tjyeftvSeu f lnaD p&efE hiS f tumuG,fay;&efw k @d twGuf &nf&, G f+yD; tvkyo f rm;rsm;onf wufnDvufnD yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G faom vkyaf qmif csurf sm;ud k aqmif&Gu&f eftcG hi f ta&;&d Sonf? TOya'jyXmef;csuw f iG t f vkyo f rm;rsm; ES hif rSwyf kw H if+yD;aom tvkyo f rm;tzG J @tpnf;rsm; oydwaf rSmuf&efE hiS f qENjyoydwf wm;&ef tcG hit f a&;ES hit f vkyf&iS rf sm;tvkyu f kd ,m,D&yfq kid ;f xm;&ef tcG hit f a&;wd k @u kd todtrSwfjyKxm;ygonf? od k @aomfvnf; or*~wckE hiS w f ckt=um;ES hi f or*~wcktwGi;f Y jzpfay:aomjiif;cH krr_ sm;ES hi f ygwo f ufonf hta=umif;jycsujf zif h rnfonf htvkyo f rm; or*~rS oydwaf rSmufjcif;ESifh rnfonf htvky&f iS u f rS ,m,D&yfq kid ;f a=umif; a=ujimjcif; rjyKvky&f ? (c) vdycf w J nf;vnf;jzpfI &yfq kid ;f ae&onf h aphpyf! S _dEid f;jcif;udprP sm;wGif oD;oef @ pkaygi;f !d S _Eid ;f a&; ud k,fpm;vS,o f nf oydwaf rSmufrnf[o l nf h owday;pmwifjycsuf (0g) tvky&f iS o f nf tvky, f m,D&yfq kid ;f xm;rnf[o l nf h owday;pm wifjycsuu f kd rdrw d k @d pwifaqmif&Gurf nf h&ufxuf tenf;qH k;(30) &uf }udKwifI 0ef}uD;Xmeod k @ wifoiG ;f Ed kio f nf? tvkyo f rm;rsm;tay:rw&m;aom vkyaf qmifcsurf sm; jzpfay:ae aom jzpf&yfrsm;wGirf _ owday;pmwifoGi;f csed rf mS (2) &uf }udKwifI xk dowday;pmud k rSwfy kw H ifxm;aom tvkyo f rm; tzG J @tpnf;rS ‚if;.tzG J @0ifrsm;ud k,fpm; wyfoiG ;f Ed kif onf? (*) od k @aomfvnf; w&m;enf;vrf;us a&G;cs,w f ifajrmufxm;aom or*~.t&m&d Srsm; ud k tvkyrf x S kwyf ,fypfjcif;/ xk do k @d jyKvkyjf cif;a=umif; or*~u kd +zdK JcGzsufp;D onf h oabm oufa&mufjcif;/ or*~&yfwnfjcif;ud k xdyg;vmjcif; ponf hudp&P yfwiG f or*~onf csujf cif; rqd ki;f rwG ta&;,lE kid o f nf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -89
(C) }udKwifowday;onf h owday;pmonf tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;rS xkwfjyefa=ujimxm; aomvufawG @ taumiftxnfaz:onf h pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;ES hit f nDjzpf&rnf? (i) at;aq;wnf+idraf om umvyd ki;f od k @a&mufo k @d a&mufvmcsdew f iG f tvd kqENrsm; oabmtav#muf auseyfajz&Si;f ajyvnf+yD;pD;oGm;ap&ef 0ef}uD;XmerS tpGr;f uket f m; xkw}f udK;yrf;ay;&ef wm0ef S&donf? }udKwifowday;pm wifoiG ;f +yD;aemuf apmif hq kid ;f &ef vd ktyfaom ae@&ufrsm; ukev f Geo f mG ;onf hw kdiaf tmif jiif;cH kro _ nf ajyvnfatmif ajz&Si;f jcif; r&&d SyjJ zpfaeaomf tvkyo f rm;or*~onf oydwaf rSmufE kid o f nf (0g) tvky&f Sio f nf tvkyu f kd ,m,D&yfq dik ;f a=umif; a=ujimEd kifonf? (p) oydwaf rSmufa=umif;a=ujim&ef qH k;jzwfcsufcs&mwGi f or*~.tajccH JzG @pnftyk cf sKyf yH k pnf;rsO;f ESif h a'oEW& Oya'rsm;ES hi f oabmwlnDcsuf& S&d&rnf? tvky, f m,D&yfq kid ;f xm;&ef qH k;jzwfcsucf s&mwGif aumfy kad &;&Si;f . tkycf sKyfa&; bkwt f JzG @0if !$e=f um;a&; rSL;rsm; trsm;pk (0g) tvky&f Siu f kd xde;f csKyfxm;aom tjcm;}uD;=uyfa&;tzG J @. oabmwl nDcsuf& S&d&rnf? (q) pufrv _ yk if ef;wckwGi f trsK;d om;tm;vk H k;ES hiq f kid af om ta&;ay:tajctaersKd; zefwD;vmapEd kiaf vmufatmif oydwaf rSmufjcif; (0g) tvky&f Sirf S ,m,Dtvky&f yfq kid ;f xm;jcif;jzpfE kid o f nf h tvkyo f rm;jiif;cH kr S&_ daeonf (0g) tvkyo f rm;tay:rw&m;aom vkyaf qmifjcif;rsm; vGeu f Jjyif;xefonf h yH ko¾efwnf S&ad eonf [lI zuf'&,fjynf axmifpo k rRwrS xifjrif,lqv#if orRwonf tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;tm; tjiif;tckef tay:w&m;pD&if&ef !$e=f um;Ed kijf cif;ES hi f (0g) Oya't&pD&ifq k;H jzwf&ef twnfjyK axmufcaH y;jcif;onf tajctaewnf+idraf t;csr;f oGm;ap&ef &ufaygi;f (60) owfrw S f wm0efay;vd kuo f uJ ho k @d E hiS f &nf&G,x f m;aom (0g) jzpfay:vmtH hqq J J oydwaf rSmufjcif; (0g) tvky&f Sirf S tvky, f m,D&yfq kid ;f xm;jcif;ud k wm0efcaH om (0g) twnfjyK axmufcaH omtrde @f wGif wduspGmaz:jyxm;onf htwd ki;f trde @f ay;apcd kif;vd kufouJ ho k @d tusL;d oufa&muf d&Sap&rnf? twnfjyKaxmufcaH y;csed Yf trSew f u,f oydwaf rSmuf jcif; (0g) tvkyrf , S m,D&yfq kid ;f xm;jcif;cH&aom tvkyo f rm;tm;vH k;onf tvkyf cGio f k @d csujf cif; jyef0if&rnf? tvky&f Sirf v S nf; csufjcif;vkyif ef;aqmif&Gufjcif;ud k
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -90
jyefvnf aqmif&Guaf y;&rnf? oydwrf arSmufr D (0g) tvky, f m,D r&yfq kid ;f rDu wnf S&ad eaom owfrw S fcsurf sm;ES hi f tajctaetm;vH k;twd ki;f tvkyo f rm;tm;vH k;ud k jyefvnftvky0f ifap&rnf? tvkyo f rm;tay: rw&m;aomrnfonf h vkyaf qmifjcif; rsm;ud k rqd k Oya't& aqmif&rnf h cH korm"dvl}uD;(0g) Hckt JzG @. r%mr trde @f jzif h csucf si;f rqd ki;f rwG jyKjyifap&rnf? xk djyKjyifcsuo f nf csufcsi;f jyefvnfpwifx kduo f nf h rnfonf htvkyt f ud kirf qd k owfrw S fcsurf sm;ES hit f ajctaewd k @. wpdyw f a'o tyd ki;f wyd ki;f jzpfap&rnf? TjyKjyifcsuo f nf tvkyo f rm;rsm;tay:rw&m;aom vkyaf qmifjcif;a=umif h rnf honf h w&m;pG Jq krd w _ iG rf qd k r+yD;jywfao;Itr_q kid ;f hiHxm;&ef tcsdeu f mvtwGi;f Yomv#i f tusKd;oufa&mufap&rnf? ‚if;jyifx dku ho J k @d aom udpw P Gi f aemufq k;H ydwfp&D ifx k;H ES hijf yKjyifcsuw f k @d twd ki;f vd kuef m&rnf? (q) Oya't& cH k Jz @G p&D ifjcif; jyKvkyaf epOfumvtwGi;f ES hif ‚if;umvrwd kirf w D &m;qd kiaf e aomtzG J @rsm;onf ‚if;wd k @. jiif;cH kr_u kd (qENtav#mufc k JzH @G p&D ifjcif;) Voluntary arbitration od k @ wifjyEd kio f nf? (Z) cH korm"dvl}uD; (0g) cH k Jz @G onf =um;0ifjzefajz&rnf? TuJ ho k @d }udK;yrf;aqmif&Gufr_ ratmifjrif hcaJ om trsKd;om; tvkyo f rm;qufqaH &; w&m;&H k;. t}uD;jrif hq k;H aom w&m;pD&ify kid ef ,fwGi;f usa&mufaom tvkyo f rm;rsm;tay:rw&m;aom vkyaf qmif jcif;tr_rsm;rSv JGI usejf y\emtm;vH k;ES hit f JzG @rsm;=um;wGi f jzpfay:aeaom pkaygi;f aphpyf !d S dEi_ ;f a&; jy\emrsm;tm;vH k;wd k @u kd ‚if;cH korm"dv}l uD;cH kt JzG @wiG f aemufq k;H jy\em rsm;tm;vH k;ud k ajyvnfap&ef ajz&Si;f Ed kiq f kH;k jzwfy kid fc hGi S&f donf? w&m;&H k;awmf. pD&ifq k;H jzwfcsufu kd vd kufem+yD; cH korm"dv}l uD; (0g) cH kt JzG @onf tvH k;pH kyg0ifaom jiif;cH kru _ kd vd ktyfygu ,m,D oabmtm;jzif hajz&Si;f ay;Ed kifonf? yk'rf (134) Prohibited activities. wm;jrwfyw d fyifxm;aom vkyaf qmifjcif;rsm; (u) rnfonf h tvkyo f rm;tzG J @tpnf;(0g) tvky&f iS rf qd konf T “Oya'yk'rf ” ES hit f nDpak ygi;f I OD;pGmyxr aphpyf! S _Ed id ;f jcif;rjyKvkyyf J (0g) a&S @wiG af z:jy+yD;aom yk'rf t& yxrOD;pGm owday;pm wifoGi;f jcif;rjyKvkyyf J oydwfarSmuf(0g) ,m,D
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -91
tvkyyf w d f xm;jcif;wd k @u k d a=ujimjcif;rjyK&? 0ef}uD;rSw&m;pD&ifjcif; wm0efu kd vufcH +yD;rS (0g) jiif;cH kru _ kd Oya' t& ppfaq;&ef (0g) (qENtav#mufc k JzH @G p&D if&ef) twGuf wifoiG ;f +yD;rS rnfonf h oydwaf rSmufjcif; (0g) tvky, f m,Dyw d x f m;jcif;ud kr# a=ujim jcif;rjyK&? (c) tvkyo f rm;rsm; tjiif;tcH kjzpfaepOf (0g) ud k,fy kid pf nf;&H k;cG hiu f kdu h sio f kH;aepOf (0g) pk aygi;f aphpyf! S _dEid ;f aepOfwGif tvkyo f rm;rsm;. +idr;f csr;f pGmqENjyjcif;ud k rnfolwpH kwOD; urS t"rRt=urf;zufI‚if; (0g) twif;t=uyfjyKrl+cdr;f ajcmufI‚if; [ef @wm;jcif;/ aESmif;aES;apjcif;/ 0ifa&mufpu G zf ufjcif;rjyKvky&f (0g) ‚if;uJ ho k @d [ef @wm;jcif; (0g) 0if a&mufpw G fzufjcif;wk d @u kv d nf; tm;ay;tm;ajrSmufjcif;rjyK&? (*) rnfonf htvky&f iS u f rSvnf; rnfonf hoydw+f zdK JcGolu kdtoH k;jyKjcif; (0g) tvky0f if vkyaf pjcif; rjyK&? rnfol wpH kwOD;urSvnf; oydwf+zdK JcGot l jzpf tvkyv f yk u f kdijf cif; rjyK&? (C) oydwaf rSmufolrsm;.ae&mY tvky0f ifvky&f ef (0g) oydwfarSmufae&mXmeyd kief uf wGi;f rS 0ifa&muf§xGufomG ;aom oydwaf rSmuform;rsm;. ae&mYae&m0if,&l ef }udK; yrf;olrnfo @l u krd qd k rnfonf hjynfo @l 0efxrf;t&m&d (0g) tvkyo f rm;/ ppfbuf/ &Jbuf rSt&m&d S0efxrf;rsm;tyg0if (0g) vufeufu kid af qmifolurS§rnfonf henf;vrf;ES hirf # ac:aqmif hcjJ cif; (0g) yg0ifapjcif;/ umuG,af pmif h=uyf yd k @aqmifay;jcif;rjyK&? trSew f u,f t=urf;zufjcif; (0g) tjcm;&mZ0efru _ sL;vGejf cif;rsm; xd ktxJwiG f jzpfay:r_r S&d hcJ v#if &Jwyf Jz @G onfoydww f m;xm;aom pnf;.tjyifbufYomae&rnf? Tae&mwGif +idr;f csr;f a&;ESifh pnf;urf; ao0yfru _ kd xde;f odr;f &ef toufE hiS pf nf;pdrt f k;d tdru f kd umuG,f&efE hiS f (0g) w&m;Oya'pd k;rd k;a&;twGuf rnfonf hjynfo @l t&m&d S. vd ktyfovd k ta&;,l aqmif&Gujf cif;ud krqd k wm;jrpfjcif;wd k @u k d rjyKvkyaf p&? (i) oydwfarSmufqENjyaeaomol rnfolrqd konf t=urf;zufjcif; twif;t=uyf jyK vkyjf cif; (0g) +cdr;f ajcmufjcif; (0g) tvky&f Si. f yd kief ufy&0d k%w f iG ;f od k @ w&m;0ifudprP sm; twGufvw G fvyfpmG 0ifa&mufc hiG f (0g) xGucf mG cG hiu f kd taESmuft,Sut f [ef @twm;jyK jcif; (0g) trsm;jynfoo l mG ;&m vrf;rsm;ud kyw d fyif wm;jrpfjcif;wd k @u krd jyKvky&f ? (p) rnfonf htvky&f Sirf qd konf tvkyo f rm;jiif;cH kr _ ajyvnfajz&Si;f +yD;aemufwiG f rnf onf h oydwfarSmuf tvkyo f rm;ud krqd k &mZ0wfrr_ uif;aom vkyaf qmifcsuaf =umif h jypf'%fp&D ifc&H oltay:rSv JGI tvkyjf yefvnfay;tyf&efysuu f Gujf cif; (0g) ‚if; oydwf arSmuf tvkyo f rm;ae&mY t+rJwrf;tpm;xd k;cef @xm;jcif; rvky&f ?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -92
K.Participation
yg0ifqif JEaG qmif&Gufjcif;? yk'rf (135) (u) tpd k;&.qH k;jzwfcsuEf hiS rf l0g'csrw S faomtzG J @tpnf;Xmersm;wGif tvkyo f rm;rsm; ES hi f tvky&f iS rf sm;. ud k,pf m;vS,frsm; vufawG @ususjzpfE kid o f r#yg0ifap&rnf? (c) tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD; (0g) ‚if;. w&m;0iftm%mv$ Jtyfxm;aom ud k,pf m;vS,frsm; wd k @onf DES;aESmwk diyf ifjcif; owif;a0iSzvS,jf cif;ES hif ukex f w k fvyk &f mY tvkyo f rm; yd ki;f ES hif tkycf sKyfry_ kdi;f t=um; at;csrf;+idr;f oufrw _ k @d u kd wd k;jrS hiaf y;&eftwGuf pDpOfy kaH z: &nf&, G fonf h us hifx k;H rsm; (Codes of Design) ud k pOf;pm;cs hicf sed &f efE hiS f us hifo kH;&ef tpd k;&/ tvkyo f rm;rsm;ES hif tvky&f Sirf sm; oH k;OD;oH k;zvS,fw k @d . ud k,fpm;vS,rf sm;yg0if aom trsK;d om;nDvmcH/ a'onDvmcH/ pufru _ ek x f w k fq kid &f m nDvmcHw k @d u kd r=umc% tv#O;f oif hovd k ac:,lusif;y&rnf? yk'rf (136) (u) oD;oef @pak ygi;f !d S _Eid f;a&; ud k,pf m;vS,ftjzpf tvkyform;tzG J @tpnf;jyKxm;jcif; r&d Saom tvkyo f rm; (15) OD;xuf yd kr kcd ef @xm;aom tvky&f Siw f kid ;f . tvkyo f rm; tm;vH k;twGu f v# @Kd 0u S frq J ENc, H lenf;twd ki;f ‚if;wd k @u kd,w f kdiv f Gwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,f aom ud k,pf m;vS,frsm;ES hif pDrt H yk cf sKyfrq _ kid &f m ud k,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf tvky&f iS rf S uk d,pf m;vS,x f m;aom tvkyo f rm;r[kwo f nf how l k @d ta&twGuf wlnpD mG yg0if JzG @ pnf;xm;onf h “tvkyo f rm;ES hit f yk fcsKyfa&;tzG J @yw l JGaumfrwD” rS ud k,pf m;jyK&rnf? TuJ ho k @d a&G;cs,jf cif;ud k (2) ESpv f #if w}udrjf yKvky&f rnf? tvkyo f rm;ES hit f yk cf sKyfa&; tzG J @yw l JGaumfrwDonf tenf;qH k; wvv#if (1) }udru f s (0g) tvkyo f rm;tzG J @ (0g) tkycf sKyfa&;tzG J @w k @d uawmif;qd kvmwd ki;f tpnf;ta0;usi;f y&rnf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -93
(c) tu,fI tvkyo f rm;OD;a& (100) xufenf;aomf ud k,fpm;vS,(f 2) OD;ud k a&G; cs,&f rnf? tu,fI (100)ES hi f txufjzpfaomf ud k,fpm;vS,f(5) OD;ud k a&G;cs,f&rnf? tvkyo f rm;OD;a& (50) wd k;yG g;vmwd ki;f ud k,pf m;vS,f (2) OD; xyfavmif;a&G;cs,&f rnf? (*) tvky&f Siw f OD;rS tvkyXf metrsm;tjym;&d S hcaJ omf vuf S&t d vkyo f rm;ud k,pf m;vS,f rsm;rS v# @Kd 0u S frq J EN ay;I tvkyo f rm;ud k,pf m;vS,rf sm;ud k a&G;cs,+f yD; tkycf sKyfa&;tzG J @ rS ud k,pf m;vS,rf sm;ES hi f ta&twGuf wlnDpmG yg0ifaom “tvky&f iS yf g0ifaom aumfrwD” (Employer-wide Committee ) ud k JzG @pnf;&rnf? tvkyXf mewckwiG f tvkyv f kyaf e=uaom tvkyform;OD;a& (100) (0g) ‚if;. tpdwftyd ki;f OD;a&&d Sv#if ud k,pf m;vS,w f OD;us “tvky&f Siyf g0ifaomaumfrwD” wGiyf g0if&rnf/ tvkyo f rm; OD;a& (1000) ES hi f txuf S&daom tvkyXf mewckv#i f tvkyo f rm; (500) v#i f wOD;us ud k,pf m;wd k;I “tvky&f Si f yg0ifaomaumfrwD” wGi f yg0if&rnf? yk'rf (137) tvkyo f rm; (3) OD;ES hit f xufcef @xm;aomtvky&f Siw f kdi;f onf tvkyo f rm;OD;a& (100) jynf hv#i f (0g) (100) xufenf;v#if tvkyo f rm;rsm;u v# @Kd 0u S frq J ENay;+yD; a&G; cs,af om tvkyo f rm;ud k,pf m;vS, f (3) OD;ES hi f aemufxyftvkyo f rm;OD;a& (500) jynf hv#if ‚if;xufenf;v#if aemufxuf ud k,fpm;vS, f (1) OD;pD wd k;Iyg0ifaom use;f rma&;ES hiv f kH+cHKa&;aumfrwDu kd JzG @pnf;ay;&rnf? tvky&f Sio f nf tvkyXf me (vkyif ef; Xme) rsm;pGm S&d hcv J #if Xmewckp. D v# @Kd 0u S frq J ENay;jcif;jzif h a&G;cs,v f ku d faom ud k,pf m;vS,rf sm;yg0ifonf? “tvky&f Siyf g0ifaom tvkyo f rm;rsm; usef;rma&;ES hif vH k+cHKa&; aumfrwD” ud k JzG @pnf;ay;&rnf? xk daumfrwDwGif tvkyXf mewckprD S uk d,pf m;vS,af e&m wckpD &yd kicf hiG S&f d+yD; tvkyo f rm; (100) ES hi f txuf S&ad omXmersm; jzpfv#if tvkyo f rm; (500) tvkyv f yk af eaomXmeY aemufxyf ud k,fpm;vS,w f OD; &yd kicf hiG S&f donf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -94
yk'rf (138) tvky&f Siw f OD;. vuf S&t d vkyv f kyu f kid af eaom tvkyo f rm;ES hif tvkyv f yk af qmifae jcif;r&d Saom tvkyo f rm;wd ki;f onf aumfrwDrsm;wGi f yg0if&rnf h v# @Kd 0u S frq J ENay;jcif; jzif h a&G;cs,v f kduaf om ud k,pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf rJay;&eftcG hit f a&;&d Sonf? rJay;&ef tcG hit f a&;&d SI tvkyv f kyu f kid af ejcif;r&d Saom tvkyo f rm;rsm;txJwGif tvkycf iG rf S xkwyf ,f &yfq kid ;f xm;aomtvkyo f rm;rsm;tm;vH k; “Oya'yk'rf ”Oya'ud k csK;d azguI f tvkyf rvkyb f J ae&aom tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm;vH k; od k @r[kwf tvkyt f ud ki. f owfrw S cf su f rsm;ES hiyf gwfouf+yD; tvkyEf hiS t f jiif;tcH kjyKI tvkyrf vky&f olrsm;ES hif T“Oya'yk'rf ” wGif t"dy g` ,zf hiG q f kx d m;onf h “tvkyo f rm;”qd konfE hiS f ud kufn+D yD; tvkyv f kyu f kdiaf ejcif;r&d Saom tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm;vH k; yg0ifonf? tvkycf iG frS t+idr;f pm;,l+yD;olrsm; (0g) tvkycf iG frS tpOft+rJuif;uGm+yD;aomolrsm;ES hif tvky d&f S wd k @onf TuJ ho k @d aom a&G;cs, JfyrG sm;Y rJqENray;&? TuJ ho k @d aom rnfonf h a&G;cs, Jyf YG rqd k vkyo f uf (3) v ausm Sf&daom rnfonf h tvkyo f rm;rqd k ud k,pf m;vS,t f jzpfta&G;cH&ef tcG hit f a&;&d Sonf? tvkyo f if=um;aeolrsm;ES hif tvkyo f if (tqifjrif h) olrsm;onf yk'rf (--) t& tvkycf ef @tyfc&H +yD;jzpfonf[k owfrw S x f m;jcif;cH&csdew f Gi f rJay;&ef tcG hit f a&;&d Sonf? yk'rf (139) aumfrwDrsm;. vkyif ef;vkyaf qmif&eftwGuf ukeu f saiGp&dwu f kd tvky&f Sirf S tukeu f scH &rnf? ‚if;tjyif tvkycf sed t f wGi;f aumfrwDtwGuf vd ktyfIwm0ef S&pd mG vkyaf qmifay;&aom ud k,fpm;vS,rf sm;tm; ‚if;wd k @. yH kreS v f kycf aiGa=u;E_e;f twd ki;f tca=u;aiG ay;ap&rnf? od k @aomf yk'rf (--) wGi f yg d&o S nf h twk di;f tvky&f Sif wOD;taejzif h rnfonf h aumfrwDa&G;cs,jf cif; od k @r[kwf qH k;jzwfcsufjcif;wd k @wiG f tajz&v'ftwGuf qJ Gaqmifvr$ ;f rd k;&ef}udK;pm;v#if ‚if;onf tvkyo f rm;rsm;tay: rw&m;aom vkyaf qmifjcif;yifjzpfonf? xk d @jyif aumfrwD. vkyu f kid af qmif&Gufjcif; yifjzpfonf? xd k @jyif aumfrwD. vkyu f kdiaf qmif&Guaf y;jcif; twGufy krH eS Ef e_ ;f twd ki;f vkycf a=u;aiGay;jcif;rSwyg; aumfrwDa&G;cs,jf cif;twGu f (od k @r[kw)f qH k;jzwfcsucf sjcif; wd k @E hiS yf wfouf+yD; rnfonf hu kd,pf m;vS, f (od k @r[kw)f tvkyo f rm;ud krqd k tvky&f iS f rS
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -95
aiGay;jcif; (od k @r[kw)f tzk d;wefypPnf; vufajymif;ay;jcif;onf tvkyo f rm;rsm;tay: rw&m;aom vkyaf qmifjcif; jzpfa=umif; dckiv f kHonf h oufaocH taxmuftxm; (rrSeaf =umif;rjiif;qd kEdik o f I) jzpfonf? xd k @a=umif h tvky&f SiEf hiS t f u,fI ay;aiG ES hiyf pPnf;ud kvufc hcH aJ omf tvkyo f rm;tm; T “Oya'yk'rf ” wGif xnf hoiG ;f xm;aom jypf'%fcwfjcif; twk di;f cH&rnf htjyif zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k jypfrq _ kid &f m Oya't& vmbfay;&ef }udK;yrf; qG Jaqmifjcif; (0g) vmbfay; vmf, l jyKvkyjf cif; ponf h oufq dik &f mjypfrt _ & jypf'%fay;jcif;cH&rnf? aumfrwD a&G;cs,&f mrsm;Y tvky&f Si. f w&m;r0ifaom qG JaqmifvrG ;f rd k;r_jyKvkyjf cif;ud k cd kiv f kHaom taxmuftxm; awG @ S&&d aomf a&G;cs, Jyf u G kd 0ef}uD;XmerS yg0ifaom =um;aeud k,pf mvS,t f JzG @r S aemufwzef jyefvnfI usif;yay;&rnf? ‚if;jyif aumfrwD. qH k;jzwfcsucf s&mYvnf; TuJ ho k @d v$r;f rd k;qG Jaqmif hcaJ omf qH k;jzwfcsuu f dk y,fzsufjcif;ES hi f jyefvnfppfaq;jcif; jyKvkyf &rnf? vmbfay;jcif;ud k vufcaH om (0g) vufc&H ef oabmwlaom rnfonf h ud k,pf m;vS,u f kdrqd k tvkycf iG frS xkwfy,f&rnf? yk'rf (140) (1) T “Oya'” wGif JzG @pnf;xm;aom rnfonf haumfrwDwiG rf qd kyg0ifaom oD;oef @ pkaygi;f aphpyf! S _dEid f;a&; uk d,pf m;vS,fw kid ;f ES hif tvkyo f rm;ud k,fpm;vS,w f kdi;f onf atmufaz:jyygowif;tcsufrsm;ud k awmif;qd kjcif;rjyK&yJE hiS f tcsed Srf eD m;vnfE kid af om a0g[m& toH k;tE_e;f rsm;jzif h az:jyxm;csufrsm;ud k &yd kicf hiG S&f donf? (u) tvky&f Si. f ESppf OfaiGpm&if;&Si;f wrf;ES hif aiGt&if; DES;jrSy HfEo S lrsm;xH (0g) rnfonf h jynfwGi;f jynfy tm%myd kiw f d @k xrH qd k wifjyxm;jcif;rsm;? (c) tvky&f iS t f m; tm%mtyfEiS ;f xm;onf h wzG J @v kH;ES hiq f kdifaom (0g) w&m;0if pmcsKyf pmwrf;rsm;? (*) tjcm;aom yk d*K~ vft JzG @tpnfrsm;. xde;f csKyfr_ (od k @r[kw)f ‚if; ES hit f wl rnfonf h bufwiG f tkyfcsKyfru _ kdrqd k &if DE;S jrSy HEf o S lrsm;tm;vH k;. yd kiq f kid rf E_ hSif ywfoufaom tquftoG,yf ;l aygi;f jcif;rsm; tm;vH k;a&S @wiG f az:jyxm;jcif; r&d Sor#u k d wdusI jynf hp kH onftxd xkwaf z:&Si;f vif;jcif;?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -96
(C) rnfonftvkyo f rm;tzG J @rqd k tvkyt f mrcH S&da&;ES hif vH k+cHKpdwcf s&r_w k @d u kd xdc ku d f wkev f _yo f Gm;aprnf h tvm;tvm&d Saom owif;rsm;tm;vH k;? (i) tvkyo f rm;av#myh pf&jcif;a=umif h‚if;/ vkyif ef;topf jyefvnf JzG @pnf;&jcif;a=umif h ‚if;/ tkycf sKyfa&;yd kif; (0g) tkycf sKyfa&;vkyif ef;? tpOfajymif;vJ&jcif;a=umif h‚if;/ aiGa=u; r&d SaomI vl JrpG m&if;0ifjzpf&jcif;a=umif h‚if; (0g) tjcm;aomvkyif ef;qd ki&f m ta=umif; a=umif h‚if;/ tusKd;ta=umif;ay: tajcrwnfb/J tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm; pkaygi;f I rnfonh ftvkyu f krd S &yfq kid ;f xkwyf ,fjcif;ud k rqd k (---) v dEk @ wpf owday;jcif;? (p) use;f rma&;ES hiv f k+H cHKr_q kid af om owif;tm;vH k; (2) tvkyt f ud kiEf hiS fywfoufaom owfrw S cf surf sm;ES hi f tajctaersm; tvkyo f rm; tmrcH S&rd _ vH k+cHKpdwcf s&r_(0g) tvkyo f rm;. tcG hit f a&;rsm;/ usef;rma&;ES hiv f kH+cHKr_rsm; ud k xdyg;Ed kiaf om tvky&f Sif. rnfonf hvyk af qmifjcif;wd k @u krd qd k awmif;qd kcsdew f iG f tvky&f Sio f nf jynf hp kI H wdusaom owif;tcsut f vufw k @d u kd oD;oef @aphpyf! S _dEid ;f a&; ud k,pf m;vS, f (0g) aumfrwDrsm;. tzG J @0iftvkyo f rm;rsm;tm; ay;&rnf? owif; jynf hp kpH mG a0iSay;&rnf h txufygv kt d yfcsurf sm;ud k jynf hp kpH mG aqmif&u G fay;&ef ysuu f u G v f #if tvky&f Sio f nf aiGa=u;av#m&f rnf htjyif tjypf'%fu kv d nf; cH&rnf jzpf+yD; xdc ku d ef pfemaom tvkyo f rm;rsm;onf atmufygtwd ki;f tav#mf jyefvnf &&d Srnf? (u) tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm; pkaygi;f I tvky&f yfq kid ;f xkwyf ,f hcaJ omf tvkyo f rm; wOD;pD v#if (9) v vpmES hin f Dr#aom vcaiGav#maf =u;&rnf? (c) vkyif ef;vky&f jcif;a=umif h a&m*gE hiS x f dc ku d f'%f&m&aomf Oya'rS cG hijf yKaom jyefvnf &&d Srnf h aiGa=u;ES hi f ‚if;'%faiG. (2) qaom yrm%ud k &&d S&rnf? (*) tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm;pkaygi;f I tvky&f yfq kid ;f xkwyf ,fjcif;(0g)vkyif ef; vky&f jcif; a=umif h a&m*gE hiS f xdc ku d f'%f&m&jcif;wd k @E hiS f oufq kid jf cif; S&d r&d S? wdusI jynf hp kaH om owif;rsm;ud k rormpGm ray;bJxed ;f cse;f xm;v#if rnfonf htvkyo f rm;/ tvkyf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -97
orm;ud k,fpm;vS,/f tvkyo f rm;or*~/ aiG&if; DES;jrSy SEf o H l (0g) T “Oya'yk'rf ” yg rnfonf h aumfrwD. tvkyo f rm;ud k,pf m;vS,rf qd k w&ufv#if '%faiG (--) jyefvnf& S&dE kid f onf? yk'rf (141) T “Oya'yk'rf ” wGif JzG @pnf;xm;aom rnfonf h aumfrwD. tvkyo f rm; ud k,pf m;vS,rf qd k tvky&f Siw f kid ;f onf aumfrwDvkyu f kid fonf h ,EW&m; pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rSwqif h t"dy g` , Sf&I d xda&mufaom SED;aESmwd kiyf ifjcif;ud k jyKvky&f rnf? txl;ojzif h tvky&f Si. f t&m&d Srsm; rl0g'rsm;ES hi f tvkypf nf;rsO;f rsm;/ tvkyrf S xkwyf ,f jcif;rsm;/ vkycf a=u;aiGrsm;ES hif tvkypf nf;rsO;f rsm;/ tvkyrf x S w k fy,fjcif;rsm;/ vkycf a=u; aiGrsm;ES hif oufq kid af om rnfonf hepfemcsurf sm;ES hi f jiif;cH kr_rsm;wd k @E hiS rf qd k ygwo f uf+yD; aumfrwDonf *&kp ku d fowdxm;&efE hiS f t"dy g` , S&f dI xda&mufaom DES;aESmwd kiyf if jcif;ud d kjyKvky&f ef tcG hit f a&;&d Sonf? aumfrwD. oabmwlnDcsurf ygbJ ukr% ` D t&m&d Srsm;rl0g' (0g) tvkypf nf;rsO;f wpH kwcku kdr S tusKd;oufa&mufap&ef(0g) vd kufem ap&ef jyKvkyjf cif;r&d S ap&? aumfrwDrsm; oif hawmfaom Ed k @wpfowday;jcif;r&d SbEJ hiS f tr_udpw P iG f ygwo f ufaeaom tvkyo f rm;tm; tultnDyyH k;d onf h aumfrwD taejzif h tusKd; ta=umif; pH kvifpmG =um;em&ef tcG hit f a&;r&d Sbv J sufE hiS f xd kaumfrwD rS +yD;jynf hp kpH mG DES;aESmzvS,fjcif; rjyKvky&f bJvsuf ta=umif; wpH kwcktwGufa=umif h rnfonf h tvkyo f rm;ud krS tvkyrf S xkwfy,fjcif;/ r&d Sap&? TOya' pnf;rsO;f rsm;ES hit f nD r[kwo f nf h t&m&d S0g'/ rnfonf h tvkypf nf;rsO;f (0g) rnfonf h ta=umif;tpH k wcka=umif h tvkyrf x S kwyf ,fjcif;rsK;d rqd k wk d @onf twnfrjzpf ysujf y,fap&rnf? TuJ ho k @d jyKvkyjf cif;a=umif h epfemonf h rnfonf htvkyo f rmrqd k T“Oya'yk'rf ” yg av;pm;vk dufem&ef[o l nf h tyk di;f t& vkycf aiG (0g) cHpm;cG hiq f k;H &H k; &jcif; ta=umif;a=umif h tvkyjf yefvnfcef @xm;ay;&ef tygt0if epfemr_ oufomap &ef tjcm;oif hawmfx ku d w f efaom tavsmftpm;&&d Sap&eftwGuf w&m;pG JE kid o f nf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -98
yk'rf (142) T“Oya'yk'rf ” yg Oya' vd kufem&efq ko d nf htyd ki;f t& ta=umif;wpH kwck twGufa=umif hr[kwyf J od k @aomf a'0gvcD &H atmif JrGomG ;aoma=umif h/ tvkyo f rm; ES hit f oH k;aiG av#mhcsypf&aoma=umif h/ vkyif ef;jyefvnf Jz @G pnf;&aoma=umif h/ tkycf sKyfa&; tyd ki;f ajymif;vJ Gaoma=umif h (0g) vkyif ef;vkypf Of ajymif;vJaoma=umif h (0g) tjcm; vkyif ef;qd ki&f m ta=umif;a=umif h[lI ta=umif;jy+yD; rnfonf htvkyo f rm; (5) OD; txufw d @k u kdrqd k pkaygi;f I tvkyrf x S w k fy,fjcif;onf atmufaz:jyyg aqmif&u G f&rnf h tcsu f tqif hq hifw k @d u kd +yD;jynf h Hpak tmif raqmif&Gurf +yD;rcsi;f twnfrjzpf ysujf y,f ap&rnf h tjyif epfemr_twGu f tavsmf tpm;ay;&rnf? (u) (---) v xufrenf; tcsde Drf w S dusI jynf h Hpak om Ed k @wpf owday;pmud k oD;oef @pk aygi;f !d S _Eid ;f a&;ud k,pf m;vS,rf sm; (0g) tvkyo f rm;ud k,pf m;vS,frsm;wd k @tm; ay;yd k @tod ay;xm;jcif;? (c) T pnf;rsO;f rsm;twd ki;f tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;(0g) ‚if;tm%m v$ Jtyfcef @xm;olu kd (4) v Ed k @wpf ay;xm;jcif;? (*) jzpfay:aeaomjy\emES hiyf wfoufI &d k;om;ajzmif hreS af om aphpyf! S _Ed id ;f jcif;ES hif t"dy g` , Sf&I d xda&mufaom DES;aESmwd kiyf ifjcif;wd k @ jyKvky+f yD;pD;jcif;? (C) a'0gvcD &H I w&m;pG Jq kpd pfaq;jcif; r+yD;rjywfjzpfaecsed frt S y T“Oya'yk'rf ” wGif xnf hoiG ;f xm;onf htwd ki;f vkycf aiGtm;vH k;/ vcaiGjzwfawmufor#E hiS f tusKd;cHpm;cGifh tygt0if tm;vH k;wd k @. &oif haiGrsm;. (1.5) qud k av#mfay;&eftvkyt f ud kif twGuf oabmwlxm;or# pkaygi;f aphpyf! S _dEid ;foabmwlxm;or# ukr% ` D. rl0g' vkyif ef;cGif pnf;rsO;f wd k @u kd ajz&Si;f ay;&ef/ vH kavmufI cd kirf mpdwcf s&aom tmrcHaiG xm;&d Say;jcif;? (i) tvky&f Sio f nf ae&mtpm;xd k;ay;jcif;ES hi f jyefvnfavhus hiaf y;jcif; 0efaqmifr_ vkyif ef; (outplacement & retraining services) wd k @u kd wnfaxmif+yD; jzpfa=umif;ES hif vH kavmufaom aiGa=u;&efy kaH iGxm;ay;+yD; jzpfa=umif;ud k tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;(0g) ‚if; tm%mv$ Jtyfcx H m;olr S axmufcaH y;jcif;?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -99
tu,fI tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD; (0g) T“Oya'yk'rf ” t& Oya'vd kuef map&efw&m; w&m;pD&ify kid cf hGi S&f d rnfonh fw&m;&H k;urqd k Tpkaygi;f tvkyrf S xkwyf ,fjcif;onf T“Oya'” t& vk duef m&rnf h wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;ud k a&Smif&mS ;vd konf h pdwf&if;jzif h }uHpnfvyk af qmifonf h [lI ‚if; (0g) tjcm;ae&mrsm;Y wnf S&jd zpfay:aeonf h owfrw S q f hifxuf ed hru f sonf h tvkyo f rm;ukeu f sp&dwrf sm;ud k tcG hiaf umif;,lv ko d nf h pdwfqENjzif h‚if; vkyaf qmifonf h[k pD&ifq k;H jzwfv#if txufaz:jyyg yk'rf (---) (C) wGi f ay;aqmif&rnf[lonf h vkycf aiG tm;vH k; vcjzwfawmufor#w k @d . (5) q wd k;I ay;aqmif&rnf? TudpEP hiS yf wfoufI 0ef}uD;ES hirf nfonf hw&m;&H k;Yrqd k Ttr_ppfaq; aecsed u f mvY vd ktyfor#a=u;aiGu kd tvky&f Si. f &Hy kaH iGxJrS xkw, f lE kid &f ef rnfonf h trde @f rqd k xkwjf yef&eftm%m&d Sonf? yk'rf (143) (u) T“Oya'yk'rf ” rnfonf henf;vrf;ES hirf qd k tvkyo f rm;or*~wcktm; pkaygi;f aphpyf! S dEd i_ ;f a&; ud k,pf m;vS, f tjzpfa&G;+yD; hcJaomf T “Oya'yk'rf ” t& (0g) tjcm; aomenf;t& JzG @pnf; hcJaom tvkyo f rm; yl;wJ GprD t H yk cf sKyfaom aumfrwDyg tvkyo f rm;ud k,pf m;vS,rf sm;onf h ‚if;wd k @. vkyif ef;aqmifwmrsm;ud k &yfpv J kdurf nf h tjyif ‚if;wd k @ vkyaf qmifE kid fonf h twk di;f twmtjyif =oZmtm%mtjyif oD;oef @ pkaygi;f aphpyf! S _dEid f;a&;ud k,pf m; vS,fo k @d ajymif;ay;&rnf? tvkyo f rm;or*~onf oD;oef @pak ygi;f aphpyf! S ddEi_ f;a&;ud k, f pm;vS,fjzpfaom ae&mwGi f T“Oya'yk'rf ”t& JzG @pnf;xm;aom rnfonf htvkyo f rm; yl;wG JprD t H yk cf sKyfa&;aumfrwD(0g) ‚if;aumfrwD . ud k,fpm;vS,rf qd kwGif rnfonf htvkyo f rm;rsm;ES hiq f kid af om rnfonf h=oZm tm%m(0g) wm0ef,al qmif&Guaf y;aom tcef;u¾ r&d Sap&? T jyXmef; owfrw S f csuaf =umif h T“Oya'yk'rf ” wGi f xnf hc kid ;f jcif;r&d S ap&? (c) rnfonf htvkyXf me/ vkyif ef;ae&m/ vkyif ef;ae&mcG J/ vkyif ef;xm;&d S&m vkyaf qmif&m ae&mYrqd k rSwyf kw H if+yD;aom tvkyo f rm;tzG J @tpnf;wckonf T“Oya'yk'rf ” t& JzG @pnf;xm;aom tvkyo f rm;yl;wG JprD t H yk cf sKyfa&; aumfrwDrsm;twGi;f tvkyo f rm; uk d,pf m;vS,&f mxl;twGuf vkyif ef;Xmeqd ki&f muk d,fpm;vS,af vmif;rsm; (Field candidates) ES h i f uk d,pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm; pm&if;rsm; (States of candidates) ud k wif
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -100
oGi;f Ed kicf hiG o f nf? tu,fI a&G;aumuf JyYG tvkyo f rm;rsm; xnf hv d kkuo f nf h rJta& twGufonf xk du ho J d @k aom or*~u d, k pf m;vS,af vmif; rsm;twGu f 50 &mcd kiEf e_ ;f ESifh txuf& d&Sv sS if tvkyo f rm;or*~onf tvkyo f rm;rsm;twGuf oD;oef @ pkaygi;f aphpyfn d _ES id ;f aom uk d,fpm;vS,jf zpf&rnf? rnfo d @k aom aumfrwDa&G;cs, JfyYG rqk d? tu,fI or*~EpS cf k (0g) ESpcf x k ufy kad om or*~rsm;. vkyif ef;Xmeqk di&f m uk d,fpm; vS,af vmif;rsm; (Field Candidates) (0g) pm&if;rsm;yg ud k,fpm;vS,af vmif;rsm; (State of Candidates) twlaygi;f I rJaygi;f 50 &mcd kiE f e_ ;f txufY d&Saomf rJta&twGu f trsm;qk H;&&S daom or*~rsm;. ud k,fpm;vS,af vmif;rsm; (0g) pm&if; rsm;yg uk d,pf m;vS,favmif;rsm;t=um;wGi f aemufwzefxyfI a&G;aumuf JyG (Run off f rnf? or*~wckr S yg0if&ef a&G;ay;vk duaf om uk d,fpm;vS,f Election) jyKvky& avmif;rsm; pm&if;yg0iforl sm;onf xyfrjH yK vkyaf om a&G;aumuf JyG (Run off Election) Y rJtrsm;pku kd &&S d hcaJ omf xk dor*~onf oD;oef @pak ygi;f aphpyf nS d _Eid ;f a&; uk d,pf m;vS,jf zpf&rnf? tu,fI xyfrjH yKvkyaf om a&G;aumuf JyYG &aom rJta&twGuo f nf wlnDaevS sif tvkyo f rm;0ef=uD;rSaeI or*~ (2) ckpvk H;. uk d,pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;ud k “or*~rsm; yl;wG Jpak ygi;f aphpyf nS d _Eid ;f a&;aumfrwD ”[lI JzG @pnf;&ef trde @f ay;&rnf? xk dt JzG @onfyifv sS if oD;oef @pak ygi;f aphpyfn d _SEid ;f a&; uk d,pf m;vS, f jzpfvm&rnf? rnfo d @k yifjzpfap tvkyo f rm; pDrt H yk cf sKyfa&; aumfrwD onf 4if;. vkyif ef;wm0eftm;vk H;ud k &yfq dik ;f xm;&rnfjzpfjyD; uk d,pf m;vS,f tjzpf aqmif&u G dyf ik cf fiG t h m;vk H;wk d @u kd tvkyo f rm;or*~ (0g) oD;oef @pak ygi;f aphpyf nS d _Eid f;a&; uk d,pf m;vS,jf zpfvmaom yl;wG JaumfrwDo k @d v$ Jtyf&rnf? (*) tEd ki&f d&Saom uk d,pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;ud k xkwaf zmfay;aom rnfonf h rSw Hfyw k if xm;aom or*~rqd k onf xk du d, k pf m;vS,rf sm;rSwqif h tvkyo f rm;rsm;;ud k uk d,pf m;jyKEk dio f nf? oD;oef @pkaygi;f aphpyfn d _SEid f;a&; uk d,pf m;vS,f ud k tjyD;owf aemufq H;k a&G;cs,jf cif;rjyK&ao;onf h ae&mwGi f T “Oya'”t& JzG @pnf;xm;aom yl;wG Jtvkyo f rm; pDrt H yk cf sKyfa&;aumfrwDwiG f yg0ifonf h or*~a&G;xkwfaxmufcaH om uk d,pf m;vS,rf sm;ES hif 0ef=uD;rStrde @f csI JzG @xm;aom or*~rsm;yl;wG Jpak ygi;f aphpyf nS d _Eid ;f a&;aumfrwD. tzG J @0ifrsm;wk d @onf 4if;wk d @ or*~. n$e=f um;jcif;/ z,f&Sm;jcif;ES hi f ae&m tpm;xk d;jcif;wd k @u kd vk dufem&rnfjzpfjyD; &mxl;twGufta&G;rcH Dru S yif Toabmouf a&mufonf h oabmwlnDcsufu k d vufrw S af &;xk d;&rnf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp k jrefrmEd kifiHtvkyo f rm;Oya' (rl=urf;)
pmrsufEmS -101
(C) rnfonf hae&m tcef;u¾Yrqk d bmbJjzpfjzpf ,lepf. vkyaf qmifjcif;rsm; oih fawmfavsmu f efr _ r&S dI[laom ta=umif;jycsurf sm;a=umif h Tyk'rf t& jyKvkyo f nf h rnfonf ha&G;aumuf Jyu G krd qk d rauseyfI pdeaf c:jcif; rjyKvky&f ? TwGiyf g d&Saom rnfonf h a&G;aumuf Jyu G kdrqd k tjcm;rnfonf hrauseyfI pdeaf c:jcif;rd sK; rqk d[lonf ud k,pf m;vS, f twnfjyKaxmufccH sufay;aom a&G;aumuf JyrG sm; (Certification elections) wGif tok H;jyKEk diaf om vkyx f Hk;vkyef nf;rsm;twk di;f vd kufem rnf? enf;vrf;rsm;? (1)
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