The Science of Soy - The Eastern Viewpoints; Part A2: Soy and Risk of Breast cancer in Japanese Population

The Science of Soy - The Eastern Viewpoints; Part A2: Soy
and Risk of Breast cancer in Japanese Popuation
By Kyle J. Norton
Health Researcher and Article Writer. Master in Mathematics and BA in World Literature and
Literary criticism. All articles written by Kyle J. Norton are for information & education only
!lease consult your "octor & Related field s!ecialist before a!!lyin#.
$oy foods includin# tofu ha%e been in traditional &hinese diet o%er
thousands of year accordin# to &hinese literature. 'he reduced ris( of
chronic disease in Asian !o!ulation includin# metabolic syndrome such as
cardio%ascular diseases obesity and diabetes and lesser meno!ause
sym!toms in ad%anced a#e may be aided by eatin# a lot of soy food
accom!anied with lar#e !ortion of %e#etables and fruits. )ndeed accordin#
to the study only *+, of women in the -ast are e.!erience sym!toms of
meno!ause in ad%anced a#e com!ared to o%er /+, of their Western
counter!arts.
Accordin# to "r. Mar( Messina 0h.". $oy foods contributed from 1.2,3
to *4.3,/ of total !rotein inta(e in older adult in Ja!an.5b6
'he a!!ro%al of cardio%ascular benefit of soy by 7"A in *888 accom!anied
with the disco%ery of health benefits in clinical studies o%er !ast
decade !rom!ted the !romotion and ad%ertisement of soy9s health benefits
in e%ery as!ect in Western society. -%idences could be seen by wal(in#
throu#h the su!ermar(ets and dru# stores. $oy su!!lements and !roducts
such as tofu soy mil( soy:based infant formula and meatless ;te.turi<ed
%e#etable !rotein= bur#ers were widely a%ailable. Accordin# to the >nited
$oybean Board?s 4++@A4++2 42, of Americans consumed soy foods or
be%era#es at least once !er wee( and /@, %iewed soy !roducts as healthy.
'oday the !romotion of soy is no lon#er e.isted it may be results of
disco%ery of ad%erse effects in sin#le in#redient and animal studies as
inta(e of soy is associated to induce ris( of certain mammary cancers and
infertility. 'he !ublication of the result ha%e drawn many criticisms.
Accordin# to 'homas Bad#er director and senior in%esti#ator at the
Ar(ansas &hildren?s Nutrition &enter in Little Roc( these effects are seen
only under certain e.!erimental conditions that are not li(ely to occur in
humansBand therein lies the cru. of the debate5a6. E!uo 5@9/:
isofla%andiol6 an isofla%andiol metaboli<ed from daid<ein may be the
causes as 8+, of -astern !o!ulation are eCuol !roducers but only D+, in
the West.
'he e.!lanation of the !ositi%e effect of soy isofla%ones in reduced ris( of
mammary cancers by >ni%ersity of Eoettin#en may be interestin# as
researchers saidF Most im!ortantly there is dis!ute as to whether
isofla%ones deri%ed from soy or red clo%er ha%e ne#ati%e !ositi%e or any
effect at all on the mammary #land or endometrium. )t is beyond any doubt
that soy !roducts may ha%e cancer !re%entin# !ro!erties in a %ariety of
or#ans includin# the mammary #land. Howe%er these !ro!erties may only
be e.erted if the de%elo!in# or#an was under the influence of isofla%ones
durin# childhood and !ubertyF.
$oybean is #enus Elycine the family 7abaceae one of the le#umes that
contains twice as much !rotein !er acre as any other maGor %e#etable or
#rain cro! nati%e to $outheast Asia. Now it is #rown worldwide with
suitable climate for commercial !rofits.
"utrients
*. &arbohydrates
4. "ietary fiber
D. 7at
@. 0rotein
2. -ssential amino acid
1. Hitamin A
/. Hitamin B1
3. Hitamin B*4
8. Hitamin &
*+. Hitamin K
**. &alcium
*4. )ron
*D. Ma#nesium
*@. 0hos!horus
*2. 0otassium
*1. $odium
*/. Iinc
*3. -tc.
Phytoche#icas
*. )sofla%ones
4. Eenistein
D. $a!onins
@. Beta:sitosterol
2. "aid<ein
$% Soy in Eastern popuation
A% The Japanese popuation
Ja!an an island nation in the 0acific Jcean lies to the east of the $ea of
Ja!an &hina North Korea $outh Korea and Russia stretchin# from the $ea
of J(hots( in the north to the -ast &hina $ea and 'aiwan in the south5c6.
Accordin# to Moriyama Ja!anese women and men li%e lon#er and healthier
than e%eryone else on -arth it may be result of healthier Ja!anese diet and
lifestyle. Accordin# to the World Health Jr#ani<ation the Ja!anese ha%e an
a%era#e of /2 years healthy li%in# with disability:free it may be due to
a%era#e soy inta(e *+ to /+ times hi#her than in Western !eo!le5d65e6.
A%2% Soy and Risk of Breast cancer in Japanese Popuation
Breast cancer 5mali#nant breast neo!lasm6 is a cancer started in the tissues
of the breast either from the inner linin# of mil( ducts 5"uctal carcinoma6 or
the lobules 5Lobular carcinoma6 that su!!ly the ducts with mil(. 'here is
also rare cases that breast cancer started in other areas of the breast. )n 4+*+
o%er 42++++ new cases of breast cancer were e.!ected to be dia#nosed in
women in the >.$. alone and the ris( of #ettin# in%asi%e breast cancer durin#
life time of a women is *K3.
'he searchin# of (eyword in 0ubMed with (eywords soy and breast cancer
in Ja!anese women found *2 related studies.
-!idemiolo#ic e%idence su##estin# hi#h inta(e of soy in
Ja!anese !o!ulation is associated to reduce ris( of breast cancer5*6 and
re#ular consum!tion of !robiotic be%era#e and isofla%ones since
adolescence was in%ersely associated with the incidence of breast cancer in
Ja!anese women54654a6.
'he study in the testin# of oral administration of )7:rich tablet 54+ and @+
m#Kday6 on climacteric women showed the !roduct not only reduced ris(
of breast cancer but also im!ro%ed of bone density hy!ertension and
climacteric sym!toms cardio%ascular diseases #ynecolo#ical !roblems and
!ossible immune !otentiation5D6
Ja!anese women ha%e lower incidence of and mortality from breast cancer
com!ared to &aucasians it may be result of lar#e amount inta(e soy !rotein
and isofla%ones as hi#h dietary inta(e of !hytoestro#ens mainly in the form
of soy !roducts can !roduce circulatin# le%els of !hytoestro#ens that are
(nown e.!erimentally to ha%e oestro#enic effects5@6.
Accordin# to the Loma Linda >ni%ersity Asian !o!ulation consumes as
much as 42 # of soy !rotein or *++ m# of isofla%ones !er day526.
-!idemiolo#ical Western studies ha%e lin(ed le%els of Eenistein and
daid<ein in stimulatin# breast tumor #rowth and anta#oni<e the effects of
tamo.ifen ha%e been inclusi%e. $ome researchers su##ested that women
with current or !ast breast cancer should be aware of the ris(s of !otential
tumor #rowth when ta(in# soy !roducts516.
)n Ja!anese !o!ulation serum of isofla%ones and insulin le%els were not
associated with breast cancer ris( in a case:control study of 1D
histolo#ically confirmed breast cancer !atients and /1 controls of serum
isofla%one insulin and adi!onectin le%els with breast cancer ris(5/6.
'he re%iew of $oy for breast cancer sur%i%ors also reGected the abo%e
claim of adult consum!tion of soy affectin# the ris( of de%elo!in# breast
cancer or that soy consum!tion affects the sur%i%al of breast cancer
!atients536. )n deed in Ja!anese study in testin# the serum concentrations of
#enistein and daid<ein showed urinary e.cretion in *+ women and 8 men
who consumed a ty!ical low:fat diet with much rice and soy !roducts fish
and %e#etables in a rural %illa#e south of Kyoto Ja!an indicated a co:
related to isofla%onoids inta(e and serum concentrations of #enistein and
daid<ein and su##ested that these may be a result of low mortality in breast
and !rostate cancer of Ja!anese women and men res!ecti%ely586. )n fact
tofu is found to be associated with the serum concentrations of #enistein and
daid<ein but fermented !roduct such as miso showed a sli#ht association
with serum concentrations of these !hytoestro#ens with serum
concentrations of eCuol showed associated with dietary inta(e of tofu and
miso sou!5*+6.
$oymil( a fla%or drin( on brea(fast in Asian diet when combined with
combination with !robiotic Lactobacillus casei $hirota 5Lc$6 also showed to
!re%ent the de%elo!ment of mammary tumors throu#h su!!ression of tumor
#rowth and mi#ht be a beneficial dietary style for breast cancer
!re%ention5**6. )nta(e of soy combined with seaweed in eCuol !roducers
showed seaweed fa%orably alters estro#en and !hytoestro#en metabolism
and these chan#es li(ely include modulation of colonic bacteria in healthy
!ostmeno!ausal women5*46. )n !remeno!ausal Ja!anese women study with
randomly assi#ned to recei%e either a soymil(:su!!lemented diet 5n L D*6 or
a normal 5control6 diet 5n L 486 in%ol%ed three consecuti%e menstrual cycles
showed the estrone and estradiol le%els were decreased by 4D, and 4/,
res!ecti%ely in the soymil(:su!!lemented #rou! but insisted that lar#er
studies will be reCuired to confirm the ability of soy !roducts to reduce
serum estro#en le%els5*4a6. Jther study in 2+ healthy !remeno!ausal
Ja!anese women also showed a similar result as blood sam!les drawn from
each subGect on "ays ** and 44 of her menstrual cycle su##ested that the
consum!tion of soy !roducts lowers the ris( of de%elo!in# breast cancer ris(
in modifyin# estro#en metabolism5*4b6.
)n !ostmeno!ausal Ja!anese women accordin# to the study from the
'a(ayama with !artici!ants members a#ed D2 years or older in *884 with
follow:u! was conducted from the time of the baseline study 5$e!tember *
*8846 to the end of March 4++3 concluded that soy and isofla%one inta(es
may ha%e a !rotecti%e effect on !ostmeno!ausal breast cancer. Ris(s of
breast cancer were decreased amon# women with a moderate inta(e of soy
and isofla%one5*D6.
)n a total of 1/3 breast cancer cases and DD8+ a#e: and meno!ausal status:
matched noncancer controls soy showed a !rotecti%e effect a#ainst breast
cancer ris( differs by rece!tor status includin# with -R:!ositi%e 5-RM6 and
H-R4:ne#ati%e 5H-R4:65*@6. Eenistein a maGor com!onent of soybean
isofla%one has been found to induce breast cancer in some Western study
also e.erted its anti breast cancer !re%enti%e effect in a breast cancer cell
o%ere.!ressin# H-R:4 as #enistein enhances necrotic:li(e cell death of the
breast cancer cells throu#h the inacti%ation of H-R:4 rece!tor and
A(t which !lays a (ey role in multi!le cellular !rocesses in combined with
chemothera!eutic a#ent 5*26.
>nfortunately re!ort on a Ja!an &ollaborati%e &ohort 5JA&&6 $tudy. 7rom
*833 to *88+ D+@2@ women a#ed @+:/8 years com!leted a Cuestionnaire
on diet and other lifestyle features su##ested that consum!tion of soy food
has no !rotecti%e effects a#ainst breast cancer but insisted that further lar#e:
scale in%esti#ations elicitin# #enetic factors may clarify different roles of
%arious soybean:in#redient foods on the ris( of breast cancer5*16.
Accordin# to "R. Na#ata &. the !rotecti%e ris( a#ainst breast cancer only
found in in Asian but not Western !o!ulations with inta(e of soy may be
due to consume le%els of soy ty!ical in Asian diets. Researchers should also
ta(e account of amount of soy isofla%ones consumed the form and food
source of isofla%ones timin# of isofla%one e.!osure estro#en rece!tor
status of tumors and eCuol:!roducer status and hormonal !rofile of
indi%iduals. 'hese factors mi#ht e.!lain the hetero#eneity of results from
studies5*/6.
&oncusion
"r Rice $. "r. Whitehead $A. in the differentiation of !hytoestro#ens and
breast cancer::!romoters or !rotectorsN said Fa !arado. concernin# the
e!idemiolo#y of breast cancer and the dietary inta(e of !hytoestro#ens that
bind wea(ly to oestro#en rece!tors and initiate oestro#en:de!endent
transcri!tion. )n -astern countries such as Ja!an the incidence of breast
cancer is a!!ro.imately one:third that of Western countries whilst their hi#h
dietary inta(e of !hytoestro#ens mainly in the form of soy !roducts can
!roduce circulatin# le%els of !hytoestro#ens that are (nown e.!erimentally
to ha%e oestro#enic effects. 'he actions of !hytoestro#ens on oestro#en
rece!tors and (ey en<ymes that con%ert andro#ens to oestro#ens in relation
to the #rowth of breast cancer cells. )n addition it com!ares the
e.!erimental and e!idemiolo#ical e%idence !ertinent to the !otential
beneficial or harmful effects of !hytoestro#ens in relation to the
incidenceK!ro#ression of breast cancer and their efficacy as natural
alternati%es to con%entional HR'F5*36.
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References
5a6 'he $cience of $oyO What "o We Really KnowN by Julia R. Barrett
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*
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*
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*
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*
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*
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*
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*
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*

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*
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*
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*
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*
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5*/6 7actors to consider in the association between soy isofla%one inta(e and
breast cancer ris(.
0ubMed6
5*36 0hytoestro#ens and breast cancer::!romoters or !rotectorsN by Rice $
*

Whitehead $A.50ubMed6