Theories of Dental Caries
Content
THEORIES OF DENTAL CARIES
BY: DR. KHURRAM ZAFAR www.thedentalclinicpk.com
THEORIES OF DENTAL CARIES The Acidogenic theory The Proteolytic theory Proteolysis chelation theory
• • •
ACIDOGENIC THEORY W.D Miller was the irst well known scientist and in!esti"ator o dental caries and p#$lished his res#lts in %&&'. Accordin" to him dental deca( is a chemoparasitic process )t is a two sta"e process there is decalci ication o the enamel which also res#lts in the destr#ction o the dentin. in the second sta"e there is dissol#tion o the so tened resid#e o the enamel and dentin.
ACIDOGENIC THEORY
• •
)n the irst sta"e there is destr#ction is done $( the acid attack where as the dissol#tion o the resid#e is carried $( the proteol(tic action o the $acteria*s +his whole process is s#pported $( the presence o car$oh(drates microor"anisms and dental pla,#e
PROTEOLYTIC THEORY
+he e!idence "i!en $( the acido"enic theory was considera$le $#t it was not concl#si!e- and alternati!e e.planation was "i!en in the orm o proteol(tic theory. • Workers like /Heider- Bodecker 0%&1&2and A$$ott 0%&132 contri$#ted considera$l( to this theory
PROTEOLYTIC THEORY
PROTEOLYTIC THEORY
• • •
+here has $een e!idence that the or"anic portion o the tooth pla(s an important role in the de!elopment o dental caries +he are some enamel str#ct#re which are made o the or"anic material s#ch enamel lamelle and enamel rods +hese str#ct#re pro!e to $e the path wa(s or the ad!ancin" microor"anisms.
PROTEOLYTIC THEORY
• • •
)t has $een esta$lished that enamel contains 4.56 7 o or"anic matter o which 4.%&7 is keratin and 4.%1 7 is a sol#$le protein Microor"anisms in!ade the enamel lamelle and the acid prod#ced $( the $acteria*s ca#ses dama"e to the or"anic pathwa(s in ad!ance +he prod#ction o the (ellowish pi"ment prod#ced $( the proteol(tic $acteria8s the presence o this pi"ment was onl( possi$le in the presence o dietar( car$oh(drates.
PROTEOLYSIS CHELATION THEORY
9ome o the minor laws o the acido"enic and the proteol(tic theory were addressed in the proteol(sis chelation theory. • +his theory was p#t orward $( 9chat: and his co;workers .
PROTEOLYSIS CHELATION THEORY
PROTEOLYSIS CHELATION THEORY
CHELATION )t is a process in which there is comple.in" o the metal ions to orm comple. s#$stance thro#"h coordinate co!alent $ond which res#lts in: poorl( dissociated <or weakl( ioni:ed compo#nd
=.ample o chelation reaction: Hemo"lo$in in which > p(rrole n#clei are linked to iron $( a similar $ond • ?helation is independent o the @H o the medi#m. • +he $acteria8s attack on the s#r ace o the enamel this is initiated $( keratinol(tic microor"anisms this res#lt in the $reakdown o the protein chie l( keratin and res#lts in the ormation o sol#$le chelates which decalci ( enamel e!en at ne#tral @H • M#copol(saccarides ma( also act as secondar( chelators.
PROTEOLYSIS CHELATION THEORY
BY: DR. KHURRAM ZAFAR www.thedentalclinicpk.com
THEORIES OF DENTAL CARIES The Acidogenic theory The Proteolytic theory Proteolysis chelation theory
• • •
ACIDOGENIC THEORY W.D Miller was the irst well known scientist and in!esti"ator o dental caries and p#$lished his res#lts in %&&'. Accordin" to him dental deca( is a chemoparasitic process )t is a two sta"e process there is decalci ication o the enamel which also res#lts in the destr#ction o the dentin. in the second sta"e there is dissol#tion o the so tened resid#e o the enamel and dentin.
ACIDOGENIC THEORY
• •
)n the irst sta"e there is destr#ction is done $( the acid attack where as the dissol#tion o the resid#e is carried $( the proteol(tic action o the $acteria*s +his whole process is s#pported $( the presence o car$oh(drates microor"anisms and dental pla,#e
PROTEOLYTIC THEORY
+he e!idence "i!en $( the acido"enic theory was considera$le $#t it was not concl#si!e- and alternati!e e.planation was "i!en in the orm o proteol(tic theory. • Workers like /Heider- Bodecker 0%&1&2and A$$ott 0%&132 contri$#ted considera$l( to this theory
PROTEOLYTIC THEORY
PROTEOLYTIC THEORY
• • •
+here has $een e!idence that the or"anic portion o the tooth pla(s an important role in the de!elopment o dental caries +he are some enamel str#ct#re which are made o the or"anic material s#ch enamel lamelle and enamel rods +hese str#ct#re pro!e to $e the path wa(s or the ad!ancin" microor"anisms.
PROTEOLYTIC THEORY
• • •
)t has $een esta$lished that enamel contains 4.56 7 o or"anic matter o which 4.%&7 is keratin and 4.%1 7 is a sol#$le protein Microor"anisms in!ade the enamel lamelle and the acid prod#ced $( the $acteria*s ca#ses dama"e to the or"anic pathwa(s in ad!ance +he prod#ction o the (ellowish pi"ment prod#ced $( the proteol(tic $acteria8s the presence o this pi"ment was onl( possi$le in the presence o dietar( car$oh(drates.
PROTEOLYSIS CHELATION THEORY
9ome o the minor laws o the acido"enic and the proteol(tic theory were addressed in the proteol(sis chelation theory. • +his theory was p#t orward $( 9chat: and his co;workers .
PROTEOLYSIS CHELATION THEORY
PROTEOLYSIS CHELATION THEORY
CHELATION )t is a process in which there is comple.in" o the metal ions to orm comple. s#$stance thro#"h coordinate co!alent $ond which res#lts in: poorl( dissociated <or weakl( ioni:ed compo#nd
=.ample o chelation reaction: Hemo"lo$in in which > p(rrole n#clei are linked to iron $( a similar $ond • ?helation is independent o the @H o the medi#m. • +he $acteria8s attack on the s#r ace o the enamel this is initiated $( keratinol(tic microor"anisms this res#lt in the $reakdown o the protein chie l( keratin and res#lts in the ormation o sol#$le chelates which decalci ( enamel e!en at ne#tral @H • M#copol(saccarides ma( also act as secondar( chelators.
PROTEOLYSIS CHELATION THEORY
