Top Five Tank Failures

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Environmental Services Co.


 

STORAGE STORIES

Top Five Causes of Storage Tank Failures.
Are you checking your tanks properly?

Origin of the tank failure?
One of the first documented storage
tank failures goes all the way back to
January of 1915, where a molasses tank
catastrophically failed in Boston Massachusetts. The tank was estimated to be
about 2.5 million gallons and was filled
to capacity.

Every storage tank on every site has the potential to fail. They can
fail gradually, they can fail with moderate or light impact, or they
can fail catastrophically. Any tank failure has the ability to endanger
employee’s health or lives, create significant environmental damage
and have a large financial impact from loss of product and interruption
of business. Regulations require frequent inspection of storage
tanks by owners or operators as well as periodic inspections through
approved tank evaluation methods by a licensed inspector. Both
types of inspections are meant to monitor the tanks for indicators of
potential failure to avoid any of those occurrences from becoming a
reality. Knowing what to look for is a critical factor in this process; the
licensed inspectors know, do you?
Number 1: Corrosion

In the space of seconds, the entire contents of the 90 foot diameter, 50 foot tall
cast iron tank emptied into Commercial
Street.
The initial wave of molasses ranged
from 8 to 15 feet tall and was estimated
to move down the street at 35 mph.
The pressure exerted was estimated at
2 tons per square foot, enough to break
girders of the elevated railway structure and knock a train off the tracks.


 

Corrosion is the most obvious and well known cause of tank failures
and discharges. The surface of the tank may show signs of corrosion,
including large areas of overall rusting as well as concentrated areas
that can be much smaller but even more significant. The concentrated
areas can indicate pitting of the tank and create a high risk for
tank failure. It is critical to evaluate the entire tank area, not just
concentrate on large areas of corrosion when checking tanks.
Tank bottoms can also be subject to deterioration. This type of
corrosion may not always be visible during an inspection because of the
design of the tank or the location. Many storage tanks are constructed
on-ground and the tank bases are in contact with the environment,
allowing for corrosion to occur at a much higher rate than the rest
of the tank. Depending on the contents of the tank, water may also
accumulate at the base of the tank from condensation and other
factors. Not addressing this type of accumulation can increase the rate
of corrosion as well.

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Options to control corrosion of tanks exist and are required as part of
design and installation procedures. Some types of corrosion control are:
Dielectric Coatings – which are sealants or coatings that
electrically isolate the tank from the environment.

Author Stephen Puleo described the
event as follows:


 

“Molasses, waist deep, covered the
street and swirled and bubbled
about the wreckage. Here and there
struggled a form — whether it
was animal or human being was
impossible to tell. Only an upheaval,
a thrashing about in the sticky mass,
showed where any life was... Horses
died like so many flies on sticky
fly-paper. The more they struggled,
the deeper in the mess they were
ensnared. Human beings — men and
women — suffered likewise.”
Overfilling and poor construction
were blamed for the spill, but considering that the tank did not collapse, but
exploded, it was later surmised that the
expansion of the molasses as a result of
fermentation within the tank, produced
carbon monoxide which contributed to
the increase in internal pressure. Exterior temperature increases of 2 degrees
during the previous day also could have
assisted in building this pressure.

Cathodic Protection – is a technique to control the corrosion of a
metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell.
The simplest method of Cathodic Protection is connecting the
metal to be protected with another more easily corroded metal to
act as the anode. There are two types of Cathodic Protection:



Sacrificial anode.
Impressed Current.

Sacrificial anodes can be attached to a coated steel tank for
corrosion protection. Sacrificial anodes are pieces of metal more
electrically active than the steel tank. As a result of this, the
corrosive current will exit them instead of the tank. Thus, the tank
is protected while the attached anode corrodes, or is sacrificed.
Depleted anodes must be replaced for continued protection.
Impressed current systems convert alternating current to direct
current. This current is sent through insulated wires to the
anodes, which are specific types of metal bars buried in the soil
near the tank. The current then flows to the tank system and
returns to a rectifier through an insulated wire attached to the
tank. The tank system is protected because the current going to it
overcomes the corrosion-causing current normally flowing away
from it.

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ASTs are subject to periodic integrity testing per state and federal
guidelines. Visual inspections can only detect some cracks, leaks, or
holes and are required more frequently than formal inspections and
integrity testing.
Some typically accepted methods for integrity testing are the
following:

H.M.S. Samarang
How long has Cathodic Protection
been around?
Cathodic protection is not a recent
discovery. CP was first described by
Sir Humphry Davy in London in 1824.
The first application of cathodic protection was to the HMS Samarang, also
in 1824. Sacrificial anodes made from
iron were attached to the copper sheath
of the hull below the waterline and
dramatically reduced the corrosion rate
of the copper.


 



X-ray or radiographic analysis which is one way to measure
wall thickness and can detect cracks and fractures in metal.

• Ultrasonic Thickness Testing (UTT) measures shell metal
thickness. Readings are compared to prior tests to determine
deterioration rates of the metal and subsequent inspection
frequencies.
• Hydrostatic testing can show leaks caused by large pressures
in the vessel.
• Magnetic flux eddy current testing along with ultrasonic
analysis can also detect pitting not normally visible.

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Number 2: Operational Errors


 

The cost of corrosion
in the United States.
There are over 8.5 million tanks in the
United States, both regulated and unregulated. NACE, The National Association of Corrosion Engineers estimates
that the cost of corrosion is:
4.5 Million for ASTs
2.5 Million for USTs

Of the most preventable causes for tank failures, human errors are the
most common. Most spills are caused by operator error, poor operation
practices and inadequate maintenance. A study by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) investigated the common
sources of failure and found that a significant factor in tank farm
accidents is human error. The study discovered that the number
of accidents at long-term storage facilities had remained relatively
constant. Of the 312 accidents at tank farms examined, operator error
accounted for 22% or 69 accidents. It was also reported that human
error accounted for 100% of accidents that resulted in fatalities, 88% of
the accidents involving stock loss and 87% of all property damage. The
root cause of the errors made was attributed to overfilling or overpressurization of the tanks.
Other common operator errors are:
• Valves left open.
• Poor transfer procedures.
• Lack of product monitoring.

7.0 Million Dollars Annually.

• Potential problems not recognized.
• Poor maintenance practices.
You can reduce operational errors through:
1. Proper training of personnel.
Make certain all personnel have been instructed and rehearsed
in the following spill prevention and countermeasure plans,
procedures such as:
a. No tanks or compartments to be filled without prior checking
of reserves.


 

b. No pump operations unless attended continuously.
c. Instruction has been held on spill prevention, containment and
retrieval methods; including conducting a “test run.”
d. Instructions and phone numbers are posted publicly at the
office regarding the report of a spill to the EPA and state
environmental department.
e. Each tank is equipped with a direct read gauge.

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How big a role does human error
play in accidents?

2. Awareness of the critical nature of spill prevention.
a. Educate employees on the effects of the product to the local
environment through a discharge to storm drains and streams:
i. Show worse case scenarios for improperly handling
discharges.
ii. Compare response timelines for handling spills with
immediate response scenarios versus negative impact from
delayed response scenarios.

It is now accepted as a standard that up
to 80% of all incidents are due to human
error. Percentages of all failures attributed to human error in the same or
similar industries:






b. Explain the nature of the product with respect to spills.
i. For example, oil is thick and adheres to everything it
touches right down to:
1. A grain of sand
2. Every rock
3. Every piece of driftwood
4. Every microscopic habitat

Maritime Vessels: 80-85%
Chemical Industry: 80-90%
Nuclear Power Plants: 70%
Road Transportation: 85%
Manufacturing: 85%

Typical Leak Profiles

c. Toxicity of stored products to humans, plants and animals. For
example, petroleum products contain mixtures of compounds
hazard to organic health:
i. Benzenes, which are known cancer causing agents.
ii. Hydrocarbons, which are linked to problems ranging from
headaches to respiratory distress.

How much is a drip?
The chart below shows the annual
costs associated with a drip or two
from a tank. Cost is based on a product
amount of $2.00 per gallon. Soil refers
to the amount of soil contaminated as a
result of the drip.


 

3. Proper and continuous supervision of procedures.
a. Ensure that workers know and follow all procedures.
b. Ensure the workers know the company’s SPCC plan through
training and proper documentation of that training.
c. Ensure that ALL employees attend procedural training
courses on a regular schedule as required by your SPCC plan.
d. Spot check procedures and records to verify compliance and
record all findings.

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Where is the largest tank farm in the
world?

Number 3: Poorly designed or inappropriately installed tanks
Tank design must be specific to the product being stored. There are
requirements for different types of products, including petroleum,
acids, and flammable materials. Filling a tank with a material that it
was not designed for can cause unintended discharges or worse yet,
explosions. This is a lot more common than one would imagine and
can easily occur when sites or companies are purchased and the tanks
retrofitted for other materials.

The world’s largest tank farm is located
in Cushing, Oklahoma. The tank farm
can hold as much as 46.3 million barrels of oil. That amount of oil could
make enough gas to fill the tanks of
half of the vehicles on the road in the
United States.

Useless information:
The word “tank” originally meant
“artificial lake” and came from India,
perhaps via Portuguese tanque. It may
have some connection with:
• Some Indian language
words similar to “tak”
or “tank” and meaning
“reservoir for water”. In
Sanskrit a holding pond
or reservoir is called a
tadaka. Gujarati talao
means “man-made lake”.
These uses of the word
were incorporated into
the English language.


 

Something as seemingly minor as a vent size can cause catastrophic
failure when a material with high vapor pressure is introduced into a
tank that was originally designed for low vapor pressure liquids. Tanks
have historically failed at the shell-to-bottom seam. Steel tanks built
prior to 1950 generally did not take into consideration frangible joint
details in addition to proper relief venting that is required by current
standards.
ASTs for use in the petro-chemical industry are specifically designed
to fail along the shell-to-roof seam or frangible joint when an explosion
occurs in the tank. This prevents the tank from propelling upward or
splitting along the side.
Other design or installation issues that are commonly found are:









Atmospheric storage tanks that do not meet API-650 or other
applicable code(s) and contain flammable liquids or liquids that
may produce combustible vapor.
Steel tanks whose base is in direct contact with ground and
exposed to moisture.
Tanks with weakened or defective welds.
Tanks storing mixtures that contain water and flammables
where the water phase is at the tank bottom and may
contribute to internal bottom corrosion.
Tanks containing combustible vapor that are not equipped
with flame arrestors or vapor control devices.
Possible ignition sources near tanks containing combustible
vapor.

All of these observations seem like common sense, however in the last
ten years alone there have been numerous tank explosions as a result
of ignition sources close to tanks.
During a welding operation in Pennsylvania, workers repairing a
service stairway caused vapor ignition of a nearby tank. The overpressurization of the gases within the tank caused bottom seam failure
resulting in an immediate release of the tanks contents and igniting an
adjacent second tank.

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How much oil are we
consuming globally?

As of August 26, 2010 world oil consumption was over 18,375,000,000
barrels. That is equal to approximately
771,750,000,000 gallons.
Breakdown:
29,287,000,000 barrels/year
80,000,000 barrels/day
3,333,333 barrels/hour
55,000 barrels/minute
926 barrels/second
In gallons, that is an imposing
40,000 gallons per second.

Welds are another critical factor in tank integrity. It is not uncommon
for welds to have less than100% penetration. For example in 2008,
a one million-gallon storage tank containing fertilizer solution
experienced a catastrophic structural failure. The tank was 99%
full and contained approximately 990,000 gallons of solution. It is
estimated that 882,000 gallons of the product entered the Ohio River.
Investigation showed that a faulty weld caused the problem.


 

Inspections and testing are the only way to verify the integrity of
welds, both on new tanks and on existing tanks. Per API653, the
inspections should address and determine:
a) The minimum thickness
b) The minimum weld size

In addition, API has established API Recommended Practice 577,
Welding Inspection and Metallurgy. Several types of testing exist for
examining welds:




Alternating Current Field Measurement (ACFM)
Vacuum box testing
Magnetic Particle Test

Venting is another area of concern to be alert to with respect to tank
design and potential failure. Many tanks are designed with vents
to regulate the internal pressure. If they become blocked for any
reason, excessive pressures can develop within the tank and result
in catastrophic failure. Something as simple as failing to remove
intentionally blanked vents after internal inspections are complete
can cause failure. It is also critical to check vent sizes when a different
product is introduced into the tank.
Other causes of blockages in vents are:







Sludge buildup
Accumulation of condensation
Ice
Nests from birds or other animals
Rust or corrosion
Lack of maintenance

Failure from increased internal pressure is not the only result of
a blocked vent. A substantial drop in internal pressure below the
exterior pressure can result from a tank being emptied with a blocked
vent, ultimately resulting in a collapse or implosion of the tank.

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How many tanks are there?

Number 4: Settlement or deformation of the tank

The EPA estimates there are 700,000
aboveground storage tanks in the U.S.
with capacities ranging from 500 barrels to over 500,000 barrels.

Above ground storage tanks can impart heavy loads on the ground over
a very large area. In many locations, the ground can safely support
tanks without excessive settlement. However, in many locations, tanks
are installed along waterways and in coastal plains where the ground
is softer and more likely to compress. This allows for settlement of the
tank, which if it exceeds tolerable amounts, can result in tank damage
and in some cases, catastrophic release from the tank.

There are approximately 607,000 underground storage tanks (USTs) nationwide that store petroleum or hazardous
substances.


 

Depending on the tank design characteristics, soil conditions and
historical loading of the tank, different types of shell and bottom plate
settlement can occur. Tanks will typically settle in one or more of the
following combinations, depending on the cause:
1.

Uniform settlement

2.

Rigid body tilting of a tank (planar tilt)

3.

Out-of-plane settlement (differential settlement)


 

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In addition, the out of plane settlement of the bottom plate of the tank
can also be a combination of any of the three following types:

Basic AST Facts


• Most storage tanks contain petroleum products.

1. Dish type

• State AST regulations may be
more stringent than Federal requirements.
• A spill of only one gallon of oil
can contaminate a million gallons
of water.
• ASTs should have a secondary
containment area to contain spills.

2. Localized dispersions
3. Edge settlement

• If a tank is not used for more than
a year it is possible your state may
require you to declare it as “Out of
Service”.
• Inspect any accumulated water
for chemicals prior to discharge
from the AST area.
• Most states require AST inspections by Fire Marshalls.


 

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Incident at Buncefield oil depot


On Sunday, December 11, 2005, a filling
gauge on tank 912 at the Buncefield Oil
Depot in Hertfordshire, UK, got struck
by lightning. The safety system, which
should have automatically stopped
the flow of unleaded gasoline into the
tank, failed. Approximately 300 tons
of gasoline poured over the tank sides
and began to fill the containment dike.
Eventually, the vapor cloud above
the gasoline flowed over the dike and
spread out through the facility and
beyond its perimeter. At 6:01 a.m. there
was an explosion. It appeared to have
been centered in the car parking lot
to the west of the facility. This and the
subsequent explosions were the largest
explosions in the UK since the end of
WW II. The smoke cloud was so large
it could be seen from space.
It took five days for the last fire to be
finally extinguished. A total of 23
storage tanks had been involved in the
fire and the majority of the terminal
was destroyed. British government
investigations and recommendations
documented significant effects from the
incident and they concluded that:

There is some inherent structural flexibility in all tanks, and a large
tank is more likely to settle into a non-planar mode. Furthermore,
while uniform settlements are not generally a threat to the tank’s
structural integrity, the problems that can occur as a result of this type
of settlement are pipeline alignment and drainage related. Rigid body
tilting (planar tilt) and out of plane tilt can create the risk and much
more complicated problem of over filling and jamming of floating roofs
because of resulting ovality of the tank shell. Out of plane settlement
can also cause catastrophic tank failures. They are typically localized
and usually randomly distributed deformations that will create
stresses and radial distortions. If a tank settles beyond allowable limits,
these stresses can cause rupturing and complete discharge of the tank.
The API 653 Appendix B standard provides recommendations on
allowable limits for the following forms of differential settlement:
Tank shell differential settlement: variation in the elevation of the
base of the shell.
Edge settlement: deformation of the floor bottom plate near the
shell-to-bottom corner junction due to sharp settlement of the tank
shell around the periphery.
Bottom Settlement Near Tank Shell: localized deformation of the
floor near to the shell but not against it.
Localized Bottom Settlement Remote from the Tank Shell:
depressions or bulges that occur in a random manner, remote from
the shell.

• Forty-three people were injured with no
fatalities.
• Homes and businesses as far as five miles
away were damaged or destroyed.
• There was a temporary evacuation of over
2,000 people.
• Fuel delivery to Heathrow Airport was
impacted.
• Economic cost from the incident was estimated at 894 million British pounds.
• Criminal proceedings were commenced
against five defendants, relating to the
causes of the fires and the environmental
impact.

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Does this count as the world’s
largest storage tank?

Number 5: Natural events
Natural events play a substantial role in tank failures around the world.
Everything from lightening strikes, to earthquakes, to hurricanes and
the associated flooding can damage or cause catastrophic failure of
above ground storage tanks.

IJsseloog is a deep circular tank
made inside lake Ketelmeer in the
Netherlands. It is referred as a depot
because of its size and not a tank. It
measures over 3,281 feet across and
some 165 feet deep.

It is part of the world’s largest dredging
project to clean up the lake. After
WW-II, large scale industrialization
resulted in high build up of sludge in
the bottom of Ketelmeer. It became
so contaminated that it posed health
hazards due to the presence of toxic
substances and metals. The main
problem faced in using the normal
dredging was the disposal of the
contaminated sludge removed from
the bottom. Engineers decided to build
this giant sized permanent storage
tank within the lake itself to avoid
contamination of nearby agricultural
land. The tank has a capacity of
30,088,000 cubic yards to hold not
only sludge from the lake but another
6,540,000 cubic yards of contaminated
sludge from elsewhere. In other words,
this tank can hold 6,075,957,178 US
Gallons.

There have been numerous storage facilities around the world
damaged by earthquakes including the USA, Chile, and Japan. One
of the incidents in Japan resulted in the loss of containment of several
tanks due to damage sustained during the earthquake. The ensuing
inferno continued to burn for 13 days. Investigation discovered areas
of concern, including that of floating roofs becoming dislodged and
jamming, with the resulting fire being attributed to sparks from the
damaged roof being shaken so violently during the hurricane.


 

It is estimated that lightning accounts for 61% of all accidents in storage
activities, where natural events are identified as the root cause of the
incidents. In North America, it is reported that 16 out of 20 accidents
involving petroleum product storage tanks were a result of lightning
strikes. A review of fires in the petroleum industry claim there have
been 150 tank fires in a 52-year period as a result of lightning.
Some of the more recent incidents include:


Brisbane, Australia where a floating roof crude tank was
struck by lightning.



Nigeria, where 180,000 bbls were lost when fire fighters failed
to gain control of a rim fire caused by a lightning strike.



In Poland, a 10,000m³ tank was destroyed as a result of being
struck by lightning, this was compounded by the failure of the
semi-fixed fire fighting system.



Also in Kansas, five tanks were destroyed in one incident after
fire spread from a tank which had been struck by lightning.

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Nature’s Role

Different tank designs are susceptible to different types of damage
from natural occurrences. For example, rim-seal fires are the most
common type of fire for floating-roof tanks, especially external
floating-roof tanks.

Lightning

It is estimated that 95% of rim seal fires are the result of lightning
strikes and 0.16% of all tanks with rim seals will experience a rim-seal
fire in any given year.
In addition to the loss of capitol and the environmental impact,
tank releases and failures as a result of natural causes can result in
substantial fines and claims to tank operators. For example as reported
by Cicero in 2006, the damage sustained in the outlying areas of New
Orleans, where in the wake of Hurricane Katrina several storage
facilities experienced losses of containment. The most significant
was attributed to Murphy Oil in Meraux. The environmental damage
sustained due to losses from that one site, led to fines of $50,000,000
being imposed on the operator (Murphy Oil Corporation 2006/ MSN
News 2006). Murphy Oil has since agreed to settle all additional claims
at a recorded cost of $330,000,000.


 

Hurricane

Floods


 

It is practically impossible to account for every type of natural disaster.
Improvements over the years have created a vast reduction in the loss
of life, of product and of environment as a result of natural causes. The
American Petroleum Institute and the British Standards Institute
publish standards for the design and construction of large above
ground storage tanks. The Steel Tank Institute is associated with shop
fabricated tanks. Standards exist for risk reduction as result of natural
causes, including sections on




fire suppression systems
vapor recovery
lightning protection


 

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ATS Global Experience


Our international division has provided testing technology, inspection
protocols and training to 17 different countries including Surinam,
South Africa, Nigeria, Mexico,
Qatar, and Australia. Over the past
3 years alone our company has
provided:


tightness testing for 32,000
underground storage tanks for environmental risk,

Stage II CARB testing procedures at over 4,500 facilities.

developed an innovative
approach to testing & repairing
secondary tank containment systems at over 800 service stations &
industrial sites.

inspected 320 above ground
tanks in accordance with STI
SP001 protocols & API 653 including tightness testing, ultrasonic
testing, magnetic particle floor
scanning & piping inspections.

ATS Equipment
In addition to our MESA 2D tank
testing equipment, ATS Environmental now offers leak testing
which has ability to test any size
above ground tank or underground
storage tank. In addition, this testing can pinpoint liquid level leaks
in pipelines and tanks, which is a
distinct advantage over traditional
helium test methods.

You may not be able to account for every possible failure, but
knowing they can occur can make all the difference. Proper training
of personnel must include knowledge about safety protocols and
emergency response training. Operating personnel who are alert to
and knowledgeable about risks associated with all operations will help
to minimize losses.
Ensure your personnel are educated and aware by providing:
1

Response training
a. Response procedures:
i. In the event of a spill:
1. Isolate the area to protect people.
2. Identify the source of the spill.
3. Note the material and amount spilled.
4. Identify potential hazards.
5. Protect storm drains, sewers, floor drains or any other
point of access to the environment.
6. Clean up incidental spills.
7. Know where spill kits are located.
8. Call for help.
9. Post contacts and phone numbers.
b. Spill response supplies
i. Maintain all supplies such as:
1. Spill kits
2. Sorbent booms or socks
3. Absorption pads
4. Spill mats to protect drains
5. Protective wear
a. Gloves
b. Goggles
c. Suits
6. Caution Tape/Cones
7. Tools and drums
c. Safety Protocols:
i. Cordon off area immediately.
ii. Protect yourself and others as the highest priority.
iii. Use personal protection equipment.
iv. Follow hazardous waste disposal procedures for all clean
ups.

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ATS Executive
Management


Christopher M. Tiso, President is
a graduate of New York University
and a graduate of Georgetown
University Law School- J.D. with an
environmental law concentration.
In 1992, Christopher started the
company which primarily serviced the
residential market.
Charles Tiso, Vice President is a
Graduate of New York University
B.S. (Electrical Engineering). Charles
has 25+ years in testing equipment
and quality assurance for the NASA
space program and numerous military
projects. In this capacity Charles
was Responsible for testing and
evaluation programs for the Apollo
Space Project, Space Shuttle Program
and several military aircraft and
submarine projects. Charles has 15
years experience in environmental
testing and risk assessment and has
led various seminars about developing
technology in the underground
storage tank testing field. Charles is
responsible for technology and new
business development.
Gary Harris, Executive Division
Director has 15 years experience
with industrial organization. Gary
has applied this knowledge and
is responsible for streamlining
the company’s business processes
and assuring that the company’s
operational team is lean and motivated.
Gary is also responsible for managing
each department head in his division.
Michael A. Pepe III, Director, joined
our team in 2007. Michael has 7
years managing repairs projects and
compliance testing for major petroleum
companies. Mike also has 15 years
experience in performing functionality
and compliance testing of gas station
systems including tank, lines, leak
detectors, Stage II Testing and helium
pinpoint testing. Mike supervises all
aspects of his division at the company,
including quality control, sales and
project management.

How do I prevent my tank from failing?
Routine inspections and maintenance are the two most important
factors in preventing oil spills and leaks at AST facilities. It is really
this simple:
1. Frequent inspection of equipment is paramount

in preventing failures.
a. Weekly, Monthly, and Annual inspections performed and
recorded.
b. State requirements can be more stringent than EPA
SPCC requirements and require 72 hour or weekly logs of
visually and electronic equipment inspections.
c. Tank integrity testing.
d. Interior inspections based on tank design including:
ultrasonic thickness testing of base (based on established
corrosion rate or 20 year maximum).
e. Exterior inspections based on tank design including:
piping, utt testing, valves, meters, gauges, containment.
(API 5 year max).
f. Both above ground and underground storage tanks
require regular integrity testing in addition to the visual
and UTT testing listed above.
2. Maintenance of structural integrity and function
a. Checking valves for operation and drips.
b. Checking supports and structure for corrosion and cracks.
c. Testing alarms and gauges for function.
d. Lubricating moving parts, motors, and ancillary
equipment.
e. Checking for tank settlement or foundation washout.
f. Ground straps secure and in good condition.
3. Maintenance of equipment.
a. Pumps
b. Generators
c. Valves
d. Shut-off devices
e. Overfill sensors
f. Personnel safety devices

ATS is always available to answer any
questions you have about your above ground
storage tank and always willing to share
with you any information we have.

CALL ATS 800-440-8265 NOW or Visit us at www.abovegroundtanks.net

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