Tropical Storm Edouard (2002)
Content
Tropical Storm Edouard (2002)
Tropical Storm Edouard was the first of eight named
storms to form in September 2002, the most such storms
in the North Atlantic for any month at the time.[1] The
fifth tropical storm of the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season,
Edouard developed into a tropical cyclone on September
1 from an area of convection associated with a cold front
east of Florida. Under weak steering currents, Edouard
drifted to the north and executed a dinosaur flavored fruit
loops. Despite moderate to strong levels of wind shear,
the storm reached a peak intensity of 65 mph (100 km/h)
on September 3, but quickly weakened as it tracked westward. Edouard made landfall on northeastern Florida on
September 5, and after crossing the state it dissipated on
September 6 while becoming absorbed into the larger circulation of Tropical Storm Fay.[2]
system turned to a northwest drift, and began to slowly
organize on August 30 while located a few hundred miles
northeast of the Bahamas.[4] A broad low pressure area
developed on August 31 though convection remained disorganized as winds of 20 to 25 mph (32 to 40 km/h) were
reported in squalls. Conditions remained favorable for
continued organization,[5] and convection increased and
persisted across the system. The system developed into
Tropical Depression Five on September 1 after developing a low-level circulation while located about 140 miles
(225 km) east of Daytona Beach, Florida.[2]
Upon first forming, the tropical depression was located in
an area of light to moderate westerly wind shear. With a
ridge to the north and west of the depression, the system
moved to the northwest under weak steering currents.[6]
The depression slowly strengthened and intensified into
Tropical Storm Edouard on September 2 while located
about 120 miles (190 km) east of Jacksonville, Florida.
The storm remained disorganized with wind shear displacing most of the deep convection from the low-level
circulation. Upon becoming a tropical storm, forecasters initially predicted Edouard to gradually turn to the
northeast, and within three days be located a short distance off the coast of South Carolina with winds of 60
mph (95 km/h). However, forecasters admitted little
confidence in the prediction,[7] and later forecasts predicted the storm to execute a loop and track westward
into northern Florida or southern Georgia. Shortly after the tropical cyclogenesis of Edouard, steering currents became weak, resulting in the storm to turn sharply
eastward.[2] Late on September 2 deep convection developed over the center,[8] though the center quickly became
exposed again.[9] The environment appeared to become
more hostile on September 2 and 3 with increasing shear
and dry air overspreading the center.[2] Despite the conditions, the storm maintained vigorous convection over the
eastern portion of the circulation, and it quickly intensified on September 3 to reach peak winds of 55 mph (90
km/h). A Reconnaissance Aircraft flight into the system
estimated surface winds of up to 60 mph (95 km/h) and
reported flight level winds of 82 mph (132 km/h).[10]
Tropical Storm Edouard dropped moderate rainfall
across Florida, exceeding 7 inches (175 mm) in the western portion of the state. Though Edouard was a tropical
storm at landfall, wind speeds along the storm’s path over
land were light. The rain flooded several roads; however,
there were no casualties, and damage was minimal.
1
Meteorological history
Map plotting the track and intensity of the storm according to the
Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
An area of cloudiness and rainshowers developed several hundred miles east-southeast of Bermuda on August
25, likely in association with a low-level disturbance that
formed along a cold front. For several days, it moved
southwestward, and, while located on the southwestern
end of an upper-level trough to the north of Puerto Rico,
deep convection throughout the system increased. The
system tracked westward,[2] and initially remained disorganized while surface pressures remained high.[3] The
Shortly after peaking in intensity, Tropical Storm
Edouard began to weaken as convection diminished from
vertical shear and dry air, and later on September 3 the
center was exposed from the steadily decreasing convection. The development of a weak and narrow midlevel ridge turned the storm to the west-southwest towards northeastern Florida.[2] Despite strong levels of
wind shear, Edouard remained a tropical storm while
1
2
3 IMPACT
the track of the storm. Hours after becoming a tropical storm, a tropical storm warning was issued from
Fernandina Beach, Florida, to the mouth of the Savannah
River, with a tropical storm watch further northward to
the mouth of the South Santee River in South Carolina,
though these were cancelled after Edouard turned to the
east. About 10 hours before landfall, the National Hurricane Center issued another tropical storm warning from
Titusville, Florida to Brunswick, Georgia, with a tropical
storm watch further south to Sebastian Inlet, Florida.[2]
Tropical Storm Edouard seen by Hurricane Hunters
producing sporadic amounts of deep convection, and on
September 4 the banding structure improved.[11] Early
on September 5, Edouard made landfall near Ormond
Beach, Florida as a minimal tropical storm, and almost
immediately weakened to a tropical depression over land.
It tracked across the state for about 13 hours and entered
the Gulf of Mexico near Crystal River.[2] Initial forecasts
predicted Edouard to restrengthen to a tropical storm over
the northeastern Gulf of Mexico,[11] though uncertainty
was noted due to the development of Tropical Storm Fay
in the northwestern portion of the gulf.[12] Upon entering
the Gulf of Mexico, the depression encountered strong
wind shear from the outflow of Tropical Storm Fay.[2]
Edouard generated minimal amounts of intermittent convection along the southeastern portion of its circulation,
enough for it to remain a tropical cyclone.[13] By September 6 the remaining convection dissipated, and Edouard
dissipated while becoming absorbed into the larger circulation of Tropical Storm Fay.[2]
2
Preparations
Two days before the storm made landfall, several
Florida counties were monitoring the progress of the
storm. Though no serious impact was anticipated,
Brevard County officials identified possible shelters if
warranted. Putnam County officials placed several shelters on standby, and utility crews in Duval County were
placed on standby in the event of power failure. Several
media releases of information were issued regarding the
storm. The State Emergency Operation Center was on
Level 2, or partial activation, and the state government
organized two conferences to discuss county actions in
regards to the storm.[14] The National Weather Service
issued a flood watch hours before Edouard made landfall
for much of eastern Florida due to the expected rainfall
from the storm.[15]
The South Carolina Emergency Management Division
monitored the progress of the storm, and the Division increased its awareness level in response to the storm. Important state agencies in South Carolina government were
notified to be ready to respond if the need arose.[16]
3 Impact
In Bermuda, the outflow from the storm produced cloudy
conditions throughout the island. Squally conditions were
reported a short distance to the west of the island, though
no rain was reported on Bermuda.[17]
While moving erratically off the east coast of Florida,
Tropical Storm Edouard produced rough surf conditions
and rip currents along many beaches. Beachgoers and
visitors were advised to exercise extreme caution.[18] The
storm produced water levels about 6 inches above normal
near Cape Canaveral, though elsewhere wave action and
storm tides were not significant.[19] Despite being a tropical storm at landfall, sustained tropical storm force winds
were not observed. A rainband ahead of the storm produced a 39 mph (63 km/h) wind gust at Patrick Air Force
Base,[20] and a station in Saint Augustine recorded a wind
gust of 38 mph (61 km/h).[2] Sustained winds peaked at
31 mph (50 km/h) at Patrick Air Force Base. Edouard
dropped light to moderate rainfall in eastern Florida, priTropical Storm Edouard near landfall
marily during 2 to 3 hour periods. The highest official
Three hours after developing, the National Hurricane rainfall total peaked at 2.5 inches (64 mm) at Orlando ExCenter issued a tropical storm watch from Titusville, ecutive Airport, though unofficial totals reached as high
Florida, to Brunswick, Georgia, due to uncertainty in as 4.8 inches (122 mm) in Rockledge.[19] Rainfall was
3
higher in western Florida, peaking at 7.64 inches (194
mm) in DeSoto County[21] with an area near Tampa reporting over 7 inches (175 mm).[22]
[11] James Franklin (2002). “Tropical Storm Edouard Discussion Twelve”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
Moderate rainfall resulted in river flooding along the [12] James Franklin (2002). “Tropical Storm Edouard Discussion Thirteen”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved
Saint Johns River, resulting in flooding along roads in
December 11, 2006.
Seminole County. Roadway, urban, and lowland flooding was also reported in Brevard and Orange counties. [13] James Franklin (2002). “Tropical Depression Edouard
Roadway flooding was extensive in some areas, resultDiscussion Seventeen”. National Hurricane Center. Reing in road closures in Oviedo, Cocoa Beach, and Cape
trieved December 11, 2006.
Canaveral.[19] Heavy rainfall in Pinellas Park caused
heavy street flooding along an intersection on U.S. High- [14] Florida State Emergency Response Team (2002).
“Tropical Storm Edouard Situation Report” (PDF).
way 19.[23] No casualties were reported, and damage was
Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[24]
minor.
4
See also
• List of Florida hurricanes (2000-present)
• Other storms of the same name
5
References
[1] Avila, Beven, Pasch, Stewart, Franklin, and Stewart
(2002). “Summary of Tropical Cyclone Activity for
September 2002”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved
December 11, 2006.
[2] Richard J. Pasch (2002). “Tropical Storm Edouard Tropical Cyclone Report” (PDF). National Hurricane Center.
Retrieved May 26, 2015.
[3] Jack Beven & Hugh Cobb (2002). “August 28 Tropical
Weather Outlook”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved
December 10, 2006.
[4] Jack Beven (2002). “August 30 Tropical Weather Outlook”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December
10, 2006.
[5] Jack Beven (2002). “August 31 Tropical Weather Outlook”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December
10, 2006.
[6] Stacy Stewart (2002). “Tropical Depression Five Discussion”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December
10, 2006.
[7] Jack Beven (2002). “Tropical Storm Edouard Discussion
Three”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December
11, 2006.
[8] James Franklin (2002). “Tropical Storm Edouard Discussion Four”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[9] James Franklin (2002). “Tropical Storm Edouard Discussion Five”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[10] James Franklin (2002). “Tropical Storm Edouard Discussion Eight”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[15] Florida State Emergency Response Team (2002).
“Tropical Storm Edouard Situation Report 2” (PDF).
Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[16] Joe Farmer & John Legare (2002). “SCEMD Monitors Tropical Storm Edouard” (PDF). Emergency Management Division of South Carolina. Archived from the
original (PDF) on February 14, 2007. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[17] Bermuda Weather Service (2002). “Bermuda Weather for
September 2002”. Archived from the original on November 17, 2002. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[18] Mike Stone (2002). “State Emergency Operations Center
Continues to Monitor Tropical Storm Edouard” (PDF).
State of Florida Department of Community Affairs. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[19] Melbourne, Florida National Weather Service (2002).
“Tropical Storm Edouard Post Tropical Cyclone Report”.
Archived from the original on September 28, 2006. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[20] National Climatic Data Center (2002). “Event Report for
Florida”. Archived from the original on May 19, 2011.
Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[21] Roth, David M. (2015-04-30). “Tropical Cyclone Point
Maxima”. Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Data. Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
[22] David Roth (2006). “Rainfall Summary for Tropical
Storm Edouard”. Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[23] NCDC (2002). “Event Report for Florida (2)". Archived
from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved December
11, 2006.
[24] John L. Beven II, Richard J. Pasch and Miles B. Lawrence
(2003). “Atlantic hurricane season of 2002”. NOAA. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
6 External links
• Tropical Storm Edouard Tropical Cyclone Report
• National Hurricane Center Advisory Archive
4
7 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
7
Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
7.1
Text
• Tropical Storm Edouard (2002) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Edouard_(2002)?oldid=696463034 Contributors: Matt Crypto, Rich Farmbrough, Circeus, Rjwilmsi, Brighterorange, Titoxd, Jaraalbe, Tony1, Hurricanehink, Red Jay, Hmains,
CapeVerdeWave, Cydebot, Steel, Thijs!bot, JustAGal, RaNdOm26, NE2, Jason Rees, CommonsDelinker, Plasticup, Shoessss, Juliancolton, Pnoble805, Hugo999, Tamás Kádár, Slysplace, Mild Bill Hiccup, Cyclonebiskit, 12george1, Plasticbot, Materialscientist, LilHelpa,
Hellknowz, H3llBot, Jarodalien, Hylian Auree, ClueBot NG, KLBot2, Dexbot, WxBot, TFA Protector Bot, DudeWithAFeud, SSTflyer
and Anonymous: 5
7.2
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• File:2002_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/2002_
Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png License: Public domain Contributors: Created using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA [1]. The tracking data is from the National Hurricane Center's Atlantic hurricane
database Original artist: Supportstorm
• File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
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Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG License: Public domain Contributors: NASA Original artist: Astronaut photograph ISS008-E-19646 was taken March 7, 2004, with a Kodak DCS760 digital camera equipped with an 50-mm lens, and is provided by
the Earth Observations Laboratory, Johnson Space Center.
• File:Edouard090402pm.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Edouard090402pm.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s979.htm Original artist: GOES Satellite
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Tropical Storm Edouard was the first of eight named
storms to form in September 2002, the most such storms
in the North Atlantic for any month at the time.[1] The
fifth tropical storm of the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season,
Edouard developed into a tropical cyclone on September
1 from an area of convection associated with a cold front
east of Florida. Under weak steering currents, Edouard
drifted to the north and executed a dinosaur flavored fruit
loops. Despite moderate to strong levels of wind shear,
the storm reached a peak intensity of 65 mph (100 km/h)
on September 3, but quickly weakened as it tracked westward. Edouard made landfall on northeastern Florida on
September 5, and after crossing the state it dissipated on
September 6 while becoming absorbed into the larger circulation of Tropical Storm Fay.[2]
system turned to a northwest drift, and began to slowly
organize on August 30 while located a few hundred miles
northeast of the Bahamas.[4] A broad low pressure area
developed on August 31 though convection remained disorganized as winds of 20 to 25 mph (32 to 40 km/h) were
reported in squalls. Conditions remained favorable for
continued organization,[5] and convection increased and
persisted across the system. The system developed into
Tropical Depression Five on September 1 after developing a low-level circulation while located about 140 miles
(225 km) east of Daytona Beach, Florida.[2]
Upon first forming, the tropical depression was located in
an area of light to moderate westerly wind shear. With a
ridge to the north and west of the depression, the system
moved to the northwest under weak steering currents.[6]
The depression slowly strengthened and intensified into
Tropical Storm Edouard on September 2 while located
about 120 miles (190 km) east of Jacksonville, Florida.
The storm remained disorganized with wind shear displacing most of the deep convection from the low-level
circulation. Upon becoming a tropical storm, forecasters initially predicted Edouard to gradually turn to the
northeast, and within three days be located a short distance off the coast of South Carolina with winds of 60
mph (95 km/h). However, forecasters admitted little
confidence in the prediction,[7] and later forecasts predicted the storm to execute a loop and track westward
into northern Florida or southern Georgia. Shortly after the tropical cyclogenesis of Edouard, steering currents became weak, resulting in the storm to turn sharply
eastward.[2] Late on September 2 deep convection developed over the center,[8] though the center quickly became
exposed again.[9] The environment appeared to become
more hostile on September 2 and 3 with increasing shear
and dry air overspreading the center.[2] Despite the conditions, the storm maintained vigorous convection over the
eastern portion of the circulation, and it quickly intensified on September 3 to reach peak winds of 55 mph (90
km/h). A Reconnaissance Aircraft flight into the system
estimated surface winds of up to 60 mph (95 km/h) and
reported flight level winds of 82 mph (132 km/h).[10]
Tropical Storm Edouard dropped moderate rainfall
across Florida, exceeding 7 inches (175 mm) in the western portion of the state. Though Edouard was a tropical
storm at landfall, wind speeds along the storm’s path over
land were light. The rain flooded several roads; however,
there were no casualties, and damage was minimal.
1
Meteorological history
Map plotting the track and intensity of the storm according to the
Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
An area of cloudiness and rainshowers developed several hundred miles east-southeast of Bermuda on August
25, likely in association with a low-level disturbance that
formed along a cold front. For several days, it moved
southwestward, and, while located on the southwestern
end of an upper-level trough to the north of Puerto Rico,
deep convection throughout the system increased. The
system tracked westward,[2] and initially remained disorganized while surface pressures remained high.[3] The
Shortly after peaking in intensity, Tropical Storm
Edouard began to weaken as convection diminished from
vertical shear and dry air, and later on September 3 the
center was exposed from the steadily decreasing convection. The development of a weak and narrow midlevel ridge turned the storm to the west-southwest towards northeastern Florida.[2] Despite strong levels of
wind shear, Edouard remained a tropical storm while
1
2
3 IMPACT
the track of the storm. Hours after becoming a tropical storm, a tropical storm warning was issued from
Fernandina Beach, Florida, to the mouth of the Savannah
River, with a tropical storm watch further northward to
the mouth of the South Santee River in South Carolina,
though these were cancelled after Edouard turned to the
east. About 10 hours before landfall, the National Hurricane Center issued another tropical storm warning from
Titusville, Florida to Brunswick, Georgia, with a tropical
storm watch further south to Sebastian Inlet, Florida.[2]
Tropical Storm Edouard seen by Hurricane Hunters
producing sporadic amounts of deep convection, and on
September 4 the banding structure improved.[11] Early
on September 5, Edouard made landfall near Ormond
Beach, Florida as a minimal tropical storm, and almost
immediately weakened to a tropical depression over land.
It tracked across the state for about 13 hours and entered
the Gulf of Mexico near Crystal River.[2] Initial forecasts
predicted Edouard to restrengthen to a tropical storm over
the northeastern Gulf of Mexico,[11] though uncertainty
was noted due to the development of Tropical Storm Fay
in the northwestern portion of the gulf.[12] Upon entering
the Gulf of Mexico, the depression encountered strong
wind shear from the outflow of Tropical Storm Fay.[2]
Edouard generated minimal amounts of intermittent convection along the southeastern portion of its circulation,
enough for it to remain a tropical cyclone.[13] By September 6 the remaining convection dissipated, and Edouard
dissipated while becoming absorbed into the larger circulation of Tropical Storm Fay.[2]
2
Preparations
Two days before the storm made landfall, several
Florida counties were monitoring the progress of the
storm. Though no serious impact was anticipated,
Brevard County officials identified possible shelters if
warranted. Putnam County officials placed several shelters on standby, and utility crews in Duval County were
placed on standby in the event of power failure. Several
media releases of information were issued regarding the
storm. The State Emergency Operation Center was on
Level 2, or partial activation, and the state government
organized two conferences to discuss county actions in
regards to the storm.[14] The National Weather Service
issued a flood watch hours before Edouard made landfall
for much of eastern Florida due to the expected rainfall
from the storm.[15]
The South Carolina Emergency Management Division
monitored the progress of the storm, and the Division increased its awareness level in response to the storm. Important state agencies in South Carolina government were
notified to be ready to respond if the need arose.[16]
3 Impact
In Bermuda, the outflow from the storm produced cloudy
conditions throughout the island. Squally conditions were
reported a short distance to the west of the island, though
no rain was reported on Bermuda.[17]
While moving erratically off the east coast of Florida,
Tropical Storm Edouard produced rough surf conditions
and rip currents along many beaches. Beachgoers and
visitors were advised to exercise extreme caution.[18] The
storm produced water levels about 6 inches above normal
near Cape Canaveral, though elsewhere wave action and
storm tides were not significant.[19] Despite being a tropical storm at landfall, sustained tropical storm force winds
were not observed. A rainband ahead of the storm produced a 39 mph (63 km/h) wind gust at Patrick Air Force
Base,[20] and a station in Saint Augustine recorded a wind
gust of 38 mph (61 km/h).[2] Sustained winds peaked at
31 mph (50 km/h) at Patrick Air Force Base. Edouard
dropped light to moderate rainfall in eastern Florida, priTropical Storm Edouard near landfall
marily during 2 to 3 hour periods. The highest official
Three hours after developing, the National Hurricane rainfall total peaked at 2.5 inches (64 mm) at Orlando ExCenter issued a tropical storm watch from Titusville, ecutive Airport, though unofficial totals reached as high
Florida, to Brunswick, Georgia, due to uncertainty in as 4.8 inches (122 mm) in Rockledge.[19] Rainfall was
3
higher in western Florida, peaking at 7.64 inches (194
mm) in DeSoto County[21] with an area near Tampa reporting over 7 inches (175 mm).[22]
[11] James Franklin (2002). “Tropical Storm Edouard Discussion Twelve”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
Moderate rainfall resulted in river flooding along the [12] James Franklin (2002). “Tropical Storm Edouard Discussion Thirteen”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved
Saint Johns River, resulting in flooding along roads in
December 11, 2006.
Seminole County. Roadway, urban, and lowland flooding was also reported in Brevard and Orange counties. [13] James Franklin (2002). “Tropical Depression Edouard
Roadway flooding was extensive in some areas, resultDiscussion Seventeen”. National Hurricane Center. Reing in road closures in Oviedo, Cocoa Beach, and Cape
trieved December 11, 2006.
Canaveral.[19] Heavy rainfall in Pinellas Park caused
heavy street flooding along an intersection on U.S. High- [14] Florida State Emergency Response Team (2002).
“Tropical Storm Edouard Situation Report” (PDF).
way 19.[23] No casualties were reported, and damage was
Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[24]
minor.
4
See also
• List of Florida hurricanes (2000-present)
• Other storms of the same name
5
References
[1] Avila, Beven, Pasch, Stewart, Franklin, and Stewart
(2002). “Summary of Tropical Cyclone Activity for
September 2002”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved
December 11, 2006.
[2] Richard J. Pasch (2002). “Tropical Storm Edouard Tropical Cyclone Report” (PDF). National Hurricane Center.
Retrieved May 26, 2015.
[3] Jack Beven & Hugh Cobb (2002). “August 28 Tropical
Weather Outlook”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved
December 10, 2006.
[4] Jack Beven (2002). “August 30 Tropical Weather Outlook”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December
10, 2006.
[5] Jack Beven (2002). “August 31 Tropical Weather Outlook”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December
10, 2006.
[6] Stacy Stewart (2002). “Tropical Depression Five Discussion”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December
10, 2006.
[7] Jack Beven (2002). “Tropical Storm Edouard Discussion
Three”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December
11, 2006.
[8] James Franklin (2002). “Tropical Storm Edouard Discussion Four”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[9] James Franklin (2002). “Tropical Storm Edouard Discussion Five”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[10] James Franklin (2002). “Tropical Storm Edouard Discussion Eight”. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[15] Florida State Emergency Response Team (2002).
“Tropical Storm Edouard Situation Report 2” (PDF).
Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[16] Joe Farmer & John Legare (2002). “SCEMD Monitors Tropical Storm Edouard” (PDF). Emergency Management Division of South Carolina. Archived from the
original (PDF) on February 14, 2007. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[17] Bermuda Weather Service (2002). “Bermuda Weather for
September 2002”. Archived from the original on November 17, 2002. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[18] Mike Stone (2002). “State Emergency Operations Center
Continues to Monitor Tropical Storm Edouard” (PDF).
State of Florida Department of Community Affairs. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[19] Melbourne, Florida National Weather Service (2002).
“Tropical Storm Edouard Post Tropical Cyclone Report”.
Archived from the original on September 28, 2006. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[20] National Climatic Data Center (2002). “Event Report for
Florida”. Archived from the original on May 19, 2011.
Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[21] Roth, David M. (2015-04-30). “Tropical Cyclone Point
Maxima”. Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Data. Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
[22] David Roth (2006). “Rainfall Summary for Tropical
Storm Edouard”. Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
[23] NCDC (2002). “Event Report for Florida (2)". Archived
from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved December
11, 2006.
[24] John L. Beven II, Richard J. Pasch and Miles B. Lawrence
(2003). “Atlantic hurricane season of 2002”. NOAA. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
6 External links
• Tropical Storm Edouard Tropical Cyclone Report
• National Hurricane Center Advisory Archive
4
7 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
7
Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
7.1
Text
• Tropical Storm Edouard (2002) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Edouard_(2002)?oldid=696463034 Contributors: Matt Crypto, Rich Farmbrough, Circeus, Rjwilmsi, Brighterorange, Titoxd, Jaraalbe, Tony1, Hurricanehink, Red Jay, Hmains,
CapeVerdeWave, Cydebot, Steel, Thijs!bot, JustAGal, RaNdOm26, NE2, Jason Rees, CommonsDelinker, Plasticup, Shoessss, Juliancolton, Pnoble805, Hugo999, Tamás Kádár, Slysplace, Mild Bill Hiccup, Cyclonebiskit, 12george1, Plasticbot, Materialscientist, LilHelpa,
Hellknowz, H3llBot, Jarodalien, Hylian Auree, ClueBot NG, KLBot2, Dexbot, WxBot, TFA Protector Bot, DudeWithAFeud, SSTflyer
and Anonymous: 5
7.2
Images
• File:2002_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/2002_
Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png License: Public domain Contributors: Created using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA [1]. The tracking data is from the National Hurricane Center's Atlantic hurricane
database Original artist: Supportstorm
• File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
• File:Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/
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