USA National Security
Content
Timeline
Timeline of Major Events, National Policies, and Establishment of Government Agencies Involved in U.S. National Security 1790—August 4 1791—December 15 1815—September 26 1819—February 22 1848—February 1863 1886—May 4 1898—April–August 1899 1904—May 1906 1906—June–August 1909—December 4–February 26 1914—June 28 1917—April 6 1917—May 18 1917—November 2 1918—October 1920—January 10 1920—September 16 1922—February 6 1923 U.S. Coast Guard founded as part of Department of the Treasury Adoption of the U.S. Bill of Rights Holy Alliance established among Holy Roman Empire, Prussia, and Russia Spain cedes Florida to United States in Transcontinental Treaty Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo First Geneva Convention Haymarket Bombing, one of the worst domestic terrorist attacks in U.S. history Spanish-American War First Hague Convention Theodore Roosevelt articulates his Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Second Geneva Convention Second Hague Peace Conference First London Naval Conference Assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand is the spark that ignites World War I United States enters World War I President Woodrow Wilson signs draft law to enlist soldiers for World War I Balfour Declaration Native American codetalkers first employed during World War I League of Nations convenes for first time Terrorist bombing of Wall Street in New York City Washington Naval Treaty signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy Interpol founded
T1
T2———Encyclopedia of US National Security
1925—June 17 1928—August 27 1929 1930—January 21–April 22 1938—May 26 1939—August 23 1939—September 1 1939—November 4 1940—June 22 1940—September 16 1941—March 11 1941—July 1941—August 9 1941—October 1941—December 1 1941—December 7 1942—February 19 1944—June 1–22 1944—June 6 1944—December 1945—February 3 1945—February 4–11 1945—May 8 1945—June 26 1945—July 16 1945—August 6 1945—August 9 1945—August 14 1945—October 24 1946—March 5 1947—January 2 1947—June 5
Gas Protocol signed by many nations Kellogg-Briand Pact signed in Paris Third Geneva Convention Second London Naval Conference Creation of House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) Soviet Union and Nazi Germany sign nonaggression pact Nazi forces launch blitzkrieg against Poland, marking the official start of World War II Neutrality Act France falls to Nazi Germany First peacetime draft takes place in the United States U.S. Congress passes Lend-Lease Act Creation of the Foreign Information Service (FIS) by President Franklin D. Roosevelt Atlantic Charter signed by Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt Manhattan Project launched to produce atomic bomb Civil Air Patrol founded by Mayor Fiorello La Guardia of New York Japanese attack Pearl Harbor, bringing the United States into World War II Executive order allowing for internment of Japanese Americans in the United States Bretton Woods Conference held in New Hampshire Allied forces launch the D-Day invasion of France Battle of the Bulge, World War II Allies begin bombing Dresden, Germany Yalta Conference of the Big Three—Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin German forces officially surrender, ending the European phase of World War II Formation of the United Nations Successful atomic bomb test at Trinity test site in New Mexico United States drops atomic bomb on Japanese city of Hiroshima United States drops atomic bomb on Japanese city of Nagasaki Japan surrenders unconditionally to the United States, ending World War II Ratification of the United Nations Charter Winston Churchill gives “Iron Curtain” speech National Security Committee established as part of Legislative Reorganization Act Announcement of the European Recovery Program, better known as the Marshall Plan
Timeline———T3
1947—July 26 1947—August 15 1947—October 30 1948—April 3 1948—June 28 1948—December 9 1949—March 26 1949—April 4 1949—April–August 1949—May 12 1949—October 1 1949—October 1950—June 25 1950—July 4 1951—September 1 1953—July 27 1953—July 1953—October 1 1953—December 8 1954—March 1 1954—April 7 1954—July 21 1954—September 8 1955—May 14 1956—July 26 1956—October 1956—October 29 1956—November 6 1957—January 5 1957—March 1957—July 29 1957—October 4
National Security Act United States and 19 Latin American countries sign the Rio Pact Creation of General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT) President Harry S. Truman signs the Marshall Plan into law Start of Berlin airlift UN General Assembly adopts Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide Camp David Accords signed by Israel and Palestinians North Atlantic Treaty establishes the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Fourth Geneva Convention Soviet Union ends blockade of Berlin Formation of the communist People’s Republic of China Chinese Communist Party takes control in China North Korean troops attack South Korea, beginning the Korean War Radio Free Europe begins broadcasting to Eastern Europe Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty (ANZUS) established Cease-fire in Korea Demilitarized zone (DMZ) established in Korea along the 38th parallel Mutual Defense Treaty signed between United States and Republic of Korea Dwight D. Eisenhower presents Atoms for Peace speech at the United Nations United States detonates hydrogen bomb on Bikini atoll in the Pacific Dwight D. Eisenhower first articulates the domino theory Vietnam and France sign the Geneva Peace Accord Formation of the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) Formation of the Warsaw Pact in Eastern Europe Egypt nationalizes the Suez Canal Revolt in Hungary Great Britain and Israel attack Egypt, initiating the Suez War Cease-fire in the Suez War Dwight D. Eisenhower proposes Eisenhower Doctrine Establishment of the European Economic Community (EEC) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) founded Soviet Union launches Sputnik 1, the first satellite to reach outer space
T4———Encyclopedia of US National Security
1957—November 1958—January 31 1958—August 6 1958—September 2 1959 1960—May 1 1961—March 1961—April 17 1961—August 13 1961—September 4 1962—October 1963—July 1964—August 1966 1967—June 5 1967—August 8 1968—January 23 1968—January 31 1969—July 20 1970 1970—March 5 1970—May 4 1971—January 2 1971—June 13 1972—February 27 1972—April 10 1972—May 1972—May 26 1973—January 23 1973—July 1 1973—October 1973—October 6
Gaither Report presents proposals to narrow the missile gap between the United States and Soviet Union First U.S. satellite, Explorer I, sent into orbit around the earth U.S. Congress passes Defense Reorganization Act National Defense Education Act (NDEA) Formation of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) U.S. spy plane piloted by Francis Gary Powers shot down by Soviets over Soviet territory John F. Kennedy launches Alliance for Progress program Cuban exiles begin so-called Bay of Pigs invasion East German government begins building a wall between East and West Berlin Creation of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Cuban Missile Crisis Limited Test Ban Treaty signed in Moscow U.S. Congress passes the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution begins in China Israel attacks Egypt, precipitating the Six-Day War Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) established North Korea seizes U.S. intelligence ship, the Pueblo Tet Offensive launched by North Vietnamese against South Vietnam U.S. places first humans on the moon with the Apollo 11 flight Racketeer Influenced and Corruption Organized Act (RICO) Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty entered into force Shootings of students at Kent State University by Ohio National Guard troops Congress repeals Tonkin Gulf Resolution New York Times begins to publish the Pentagon Papers Richard Nixon and Zhou Enlai sign U.S.-China joint communiqué Biological Weapons Convention goes into effect Moscow Summit between United States and Soviet Union United States and Soviet Union sign the Antiballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty North Vietnam and South Vietnam sign peace agreement ending the war Conscription (the draft) ends in the United States OPEC nations impose production restraints and an embargo on the United States Egypt and Syria launch surprise attack on Israel, beginning the Yom Kippur War
Timeline———T5
1973—November 7 1975—May 15 1976 1977—June 1978—May 26 1979—April 10 1979—June 18 1979—November 4 1980—April 11 1981—January 20 1983—March 23 1983—October 25 1986—April 15 1986—October 1986—October 1 1986—December 20 1987—May–August 1987—December 1987—December 8 1990—August 2 1990—October 3 1990—November 5 1990—November 19 1990—November 21 1990—November 29 1991—January 9 1991—January 17 1991—February 24 1991—March 1991—July 1991—August 18 1991—September 25
Congress passes the War Powers Act Cambodian gunboats seize the Mayaquez, a U.S. merchant vessel National Defense University formed from the National War College and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces U.S. Congress establishes Department of Energy First attack of the Unabomber, Theodore Kaczynski President Jimmy Carter signs the Taiwan Relations Act United States and Soviet Union sign the SALT II Treaty Iranian hostage crisis begins with seizure of U.S. embassy in Tehran Operation Desert One, attempt to free U.S. hostages in Iran End of Iranian hostage crisis, with release of the hostages President Ronald Reagan announces his Strategic Defense Initiative U.S. forces invade Caribbean island of Grenada United States launches bombing raid against Libyan cities of Tripoli and Benghazi Summit meeting in Reykjavik, Iceland, between the United States and Soviet Union Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act United States invades Panama and captures Manuel Noriega Televised hearings on the Iran-Contra affair Founding of radical Islamic organization Hamas Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty signed by Reagan and Gorbachev Iraq invades and seizes neighboring nation of Kuwait People of East and West Germany vote to reunite their countries Defense Closure and Realignment Act Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty signed by NATO and Warsaw Pact members Charter of Paris for a New Europe signed by various European nations United Nations authorizes use of force against Iraq after Iraqi invasion of Kuwait U.S. Congress authorizes use of force against Iraq Beginning of Operation Desert Storm, offensive against Iraq in first Gulf War Beginning of Operation Desert Sabre, the ground invasion of Kuwait Founding of Mercosur, the so-called Southern Common Market Break up of the former Warsaw Pact Attempted coup by communist hardliners against Mikhail Gorbachev and Soviet government Collapse of the Soviet Union
T6———Encyclopedia of US National Security
1991—December 1991—December 12 1991—December 31 1992—March 24 1992—May 1992—August 1993—January 3 1993—February 26 1993—February 28 1993—September 13 1993—October 3 1994—January 1 1994—October 21 1995—January 1995—March 20 1995—April 19 1995—November 21 1996—June 25 1996—September 1996—September 24 1997—April 1998—July 17 1998—August 1998—October 1 1999—March 1 1999—December 17 2000—October 12 2000—November 30 2001—September 11 2001—October 7 2001—October 8 2001—October 26
National Security Education Act passed by Congress Maastricht Treaty establishes the European Union (EU) Soviet Union is officially dissolved and broken up into separate republics United States and Russia sign the Open Skies Treaty United Nations authorizes sending of humanitarian aid to Bosnia FBI siege of white separatists at Ruby Ridge, Idaho United States and Russia sign the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START II) Terrorist bombing of the World Trade Center in New York City Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms launches Operation Trojan Horse against Branch Davidians in Waco, Texas Israel and the PLO sign the Oslo Accords Start of the Battle of Mogadishu in Somalia North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) takes effect Agreed Framework signed by United States and North Korea Creation of World Trade Organization (WTO) Japanese cult, Aum Shinrikyo, releases deadly sarin gas in Tokyo subway Oklahoma City bombing of the Murrah Federal Building Signing of Dayton Accords by Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia Terrorist attack on Al-Khobar complex housing U.S. forces in Dhahran Taliban seizes power in Afghanistan Signing of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Chemical Weapons Convention entered into force Rome Statute creates the International Criminal Court Terrorist bombings of U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania Defense Threat Reduction Agency established Ottawa Treaty outlaws land mines Establishment of the UN Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) Terrorist bombing of USS Cole at the port of Aden, Yemen Congress passes the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Terrorist attacks against World Trade Center and the Pentagon United States begins bombing campaign against the Taliban in Afghanistan Homeland Security Council established by executive order George W. Bush signs USA PATRIOT Act into law
Timeline———T7
2002—January 2002—March 2002—May 24 2002—October 12 2002—November 25 2003—January 2003—March 20 2003—May 1
George W. Bush refers to “axis of evil” in state of the union address Adoption of Homeland Security Advisory System Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (SORT) signed by United States and Russia Terrorist bomb explodes on island of Bali U.S. Congress passes Homeland Security Act U.S. Department of Homeland Security begins operation United States begins air strikes against Iraq in Iraq War of 2003 George W. Bush proclaims end to major combat operations in Iraq
Timeline of Major Events, National Policies, and Establishment of Government Agencies Involved in U.S. National Security 1790—August 4 1791—December 15 1815—September 26 1819—February 22 1848—February 1863 1886—May 4 1898—April–August 1899 1904—May 1906 1906—June–August 1909—December 4–February 26 1914—June 28 1917—April 6 1917—May 18 1917—November 2 1918—October 1920—January 10 1920—September 16 1922—February 6 1923 U.S. Coast Guard founded as part of Department of the Treasury Adoption of the U.S. Bill of Rights Holy Alliance established among Holy Roman Empire, Prussia, and Russia Spain cedes Florida to United States in Transcontinental Treaty Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo First Geneva Convention Haymarket Bombing, one of the worst domestic terrorist attacks in U.S. history Spanish-American War First Hague Convention Theodore Roosevelt articulates his Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Second Geneva Convention Second Hague Peace Conference First London Naval Conference Assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand is the spark that ignites World War I United States enters World War I President Woodrow Wilson signs draft law to enlist soldiers for World War I Balfour Declaration Native American codetalkers first employed during World War I League of Nations convenes for first time Terrorist bombing of Wall Street in New York City Washington Naval Treaty signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy Interpol founded
T1
T2———Encyclopedia of US National Security
1925—June 17 1928—August 27 1929 1930—January 21–April 22 1938—May 26 1939—August 23 1939—September 1 1939—November 4 1940—June 22 1940—September 16 1941—March 11 1941—July 1941—August 9 1941—October 1941—December 1 1941—December 7 1942—February 19 1944—June 1–22 1944—June 6 1944—December 1945—February 3 1945—February 4–11 1945—May 8 1945—June 26 1945—July 16 1945—August 6 1945—August 9 1945—August 14 1945—October 24 1946—March 5 1947—January 2 1947—June 5
Gas Protocol signed by many nations Kellogg-Briand Pact signed in Paris Third Geneva Convention Second London Naval Conference Creation of House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) Soviet Union and Nazi Germany sign nonaggression pact Nazi forces launch blitzkrieg against Poland, marking the official start of World War II Neutrality Act France falls to Nazi Germany First peacetime draft takes place in the United States U.S. Congress passes Lend-Lease Act Creation of the Foreign Information Service (FIS) by President Franklin D. Roosevelt Atlantic Charter signed by Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt Manhattan Project launched to produce atomic bomb Civil Air Patrol founded by Mayor Fiorello La Guardia of New York Japanese attack Pearl Harbor, bringing the United States into World War II Executive order allowing for internment of Japanese Americans in the United States Bretton Woods Conference held in New Hampshire Allied forces launch the D-Day invasion of France Battle of the Bulge, World War II Allies begin bombing Dresden, Germany Yalta Conference of the Big Three—Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin German forces officially surrender, ending the European phase of World War II Formation of the United Nations Successful atomic bomb test at Trinity test site in New Mexico United States drops atomic bomb on Japanese city of Hiroshima United States drops atomic bomb on Japanese city of Nagasaki Japan surrenders unconditionally to the United States, ending World War II Ratification of the United Nations Charter Winston Churchill gives “Iron Curtain” speech National Security Committee established as part of Legislative Reorganization Act Announcement of the European Recovery Program, better known as the Marshall Plan
Timeline———T3
1947—July 26 1947—August 15 1947—October 30 1948—April 3 1948—June 28 1948—December 9 1949—March 26 1949—April 4 1949—April–August 1949—May 12 1949—October 1 1949—October 1950—June 25 1950—July 4 1951—September 1 1953—July 27 1953—July 1953—October 1 1953—December 8 1954—March 1 1954—April 7 1954—July 21 1954—September 8 1955—May 14 1956—July 26 1956—October 1956—October 29 1956—November 6 1957—January 5 1957—March 1957—July 29 1957—October 4
National Security Act United States and 19 Latin American countries sign the Rio Pact Creation of General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT) President Harry S. Truman signs the Marshall Plan into law Start of Berlin airlift UN General Assembly adopts Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide Camp David Accords signed by Israel and Palestinians North Atlantic Treaty establishes the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Fourth Geneva Convention Soviet Union ends blockade of Berlin Formation of the communist People’s Republic of China Chinese Communist Party takes control in China North Korean troops attack South Korea, beginning the Korean War Radio Free Europe begins broadcasting to Eastern Europe Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty (ANZUS) established Cease-fire in Korea Demilitarized zone (DMZ) established in Korea along the 38th parallel Mutual Defense Treaty signed between United States and Republic of Korea Dwight D. Eisenhower presents Atoms for Peace speech at the United Nations United States detonates hydrogen bomb on Bikini atoll in the Pacific Dwight D. Eisenhower first articulates the domino theory Vietnam and France sign the Geneva Peace Accord Formation of the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) Formation of the Warsaw Pact in Eastern Europe Egypt nationalizes the Suez Canal Revolt in Hungary Great Britain and Israel attack Egypt, initiating the Suez War Cease-fire in the Suez War Dwight D. Eisenhower proposes Eisenhower Doctrine Establishment of the European Economic Community (EEC) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) founded Soviet Union launches Sputnik 1, the first satellite to reach outer space
T4———Encyclopedia of US National Security
1957—November 1958—January 31 1958—August 6 1958—September 2 1959 1960—May 1 1961—March 1961—April 17 1961—August 13 1961—September 4 1962—October 1963—July 1964—August 1966 1967—June 5 1967—August 8 1968—January 23 1968—January 31 1969—July 20 1970 1970—March 5 1970—May 4 1971—January 2 1971—June 13 1972—February 27 1972—April 10 1972—May 1972—May 26 1973—January 23 1973—July 1 1973—October 1973—October 6
Gaither Report presents proposals to narrow the missile gap between the United States and Soviet Union First U.S. satellite, Explorer I, sent into orbit around the earth U.S. Congress passes Defense Reorganization Act National Defense Education Act (NDEA) Formation of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) U.S. spy plane piloted by Francis Gary Powers shot down by Soviets over Soviet territory John F. Kennedy launches Alliance for Progress program Cuban exiles begin so-called Bay of Pigs invasion East German government begins building a wall between East and West Berlin Creation of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Cuban Missile Crisis Limited Test Ban Treaty signed in Moscow U.S. Congress passes the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution begins in China Israel attacks Egypt, precipitating the Six-Day War Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) established North Korea seizes U.S. intelligence ship, the Pueblo Tet Offensive launched by North Vietnamese against South Vietnam U.S. places first humans on the moon with the Apollo 11 flight Racketeer Influenced and Corruption Organized Act (RICO) Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty entered into force Shootings of students at Kent State University by Ohio National Guard troops Congress repeals Tonkin Gulf Resolution New York Times begins to publish the Pentagon Papers Richard Nixon and Zhou Enlai sign U.S.-China joint communiqué Biological Weapons Convention goes into effect Moscow Summit between United States and Soviet Union United States and Soviet Union sign the Antiballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty North Vietnam and South Vietnam sign peace agreement ending the war Conscription (the draft) ends in the United States OPEC nations impose production restraints and an embargo on the United States Egypt and Syria launch surprise attack on Israel, beginning the Yom Kippur War
Timeline———T5
1973—November 7 1975—May 15 1976 1977—June 1978—May 26 1979—April 10 1979—June 18 1979—November 4 1980—April 11 1981—January 20 1983—March 23 1983—October 25 1986—April 15 1986—October 1986—October 1 1986—December 20 1987—May–August 1987—December 1987—December 8 1990—August 2 1990—October 3 1990—November 5 1990—November 19 1990—November 21 1990—November 29 1991—January 9 1991—January 17 1991—February 24 1991—March 1991—July 1991—August 18 1991—September 25
Congress passes the War Powers Act Cambodian gunboats seize the Mayaquez, a U.S. merchant vessel National Defense University formed from the National War College and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces U.S. Congress establishes Department of Energy First attack of the Unabomber, Theodore Kaczynski President Jimmy Carter signs the Taiwan Relations Act United States and Soviet Union sign the SALT II Treaty Iranian hostage crisis begins with seizure of U.S. embassy in Tehran Operation Desert One, attempt to free U.S. hostages in Iran End of Iranian hostage crisis, with release of the hostages President Ronald Reagan announces his Strategic Defense Initiative U.S. forces invade Caribbean island of Grenada United States launches bombing raid against Libyan cities of Tripoli and Benghazi Summit meeting in Reykjavik, Iceland, between the United States and Soviet Union Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act United States invades Panama and captures Manuel Noriega Televised hearings on the Iran-Contra affair Founding of radical Islamic organization Hamas Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty signed by Reagan and Gorbachev Iraq invades and seizes neighboring nation of Kuwait People of East and West Germany vote to reunite their countries Defense Closure and Realignment Act Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty signed by NATO and Warsaw Pact members Charter of Paris for a New Europe signed by various European nations United Nations authorizes use of force against Iraq after Iraqi invasion of Kuwait U.S. Congress authorizes use of force against Iraq Beginning of Operation Desert Storm, offensive against Iraq in first Gulf War Beginning of Operation Desert Sabre, the ground invasion of Kuwait Founding of Mercosur, the so-called Southern Common Market Break up of the former Warsaw Pact Attempted coup by communist hardliners against Mikhail Gorbachev and Soviet government Collapse of the Soviet Union
T6———Encyclopedia of US National Security
1991—December 1991—December 12 1991—December 31 1992—March 24 1992—May 1992—August 1993—January 3 1993—February 26 1993—February 28 1993—September 13 1993—October 3 1994—January 1 1994—October 21 1995—January 1995—March 20 1995—April 19 1995—November 21 1996—June 25 1996—September 1996—September 24 1997—April 1998—July 17 1998—August 1998—October 1 1999—March 1 1999—December 17 2000—October 12 2000—November 30 2001—September 11 2001—October 7 2001—October 8 2001—October 26
National Security Education Act passed by Congress Maastricht Treaty establishes the European Union (EU) Soviet Union is officially dissolved and broken up into separate republics United States and Russia sign the Open Skies Treaty United Nations authorizes sending of humanitarian aid to Bosnia FBI siege of white separatists at Ruby Ridge, Idaho United States and Russia sign the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START II) Terrorist bombing of the World Trade Center in New York City Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms launches Operation Trojan Horse against Branch Davidians in Waco, Texas Israel and the PLO sign the Oslo Accords Start of the Battle of Mogadishu in Somalia North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) takes effect Agreed Framework signed by United States and North Korea Creation of World Trade Organization (WTO) Japanese cult, Aum Shinrikyo, releases deadly sarin gas in Tokyo subway Oklahoma City bombing of the Murrah Federal Building Signing of Dayton Accords by Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia Terrorist attack on Al-Khobar complex housing U.S. forces in Dhahran Taliban seizes power in Afghanistan Signing of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Chemical Weapons Convention entered into force Rome Statute creates the International Criminal Court Terrorist bombings of U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania Defense Threat Reduction Agency established Ottawa Treaty outlaws land mines Establishment of the UN Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) Terrorist bombing of USS Cole at the port of Aden, Yemen Congress passes the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Terrorist attacks against World Trade Center and the Pentagon United States begins bombing campaign against the Taliban in Afghanistan Homeland Security Council established by executive order George W. Bush signs USA PATRIOT Act into law
Timeline———T7
2002—January 2002—March 2002—May 24 2002—October 12 2002—November 25 2003—January 2003—March 20 2003—May 1
George W. Bush refers to “axis of evil” in state of the union address Adoption of Homeland Security Advisory System Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (SORT) signed by United States and Russia Terrorist bomb explodes on island of Bali U.S. Congress passes Homeland Security Act U.S. Department of Homeland Security begins operation United States begins air strikes against Iraq in Iraq War of 2003 George W. Bush proclaims end to major combat operations in Iraq
