What Are the Risk Factors to Develop Pressure Ulcers
Content
QUESSTIONAIRRE TO ASSES THE KNOWLEDGE OF NURSES ABOUT BED SORES (tick mark against the right answer) 1. Pressure sore is also known as a. laceration c.eczema b.decubitus ulcers d.none of the above
2. What are the risk factors to develop pressure ulcers? a. Immobility b. incontinenence c. malnutrition d. all the above 3. There is no relationship between pressure ulcers and a. age b. general health condition c. patient s position d. hypertension 4. The most common age factor for developing pressure ulcer is a.child hood b.adult hood c.middle age d.old age 5. The force acting parallel to skin surface is known as a. Friction b gravity c. pressure d. none of the above 6. Shearing force is a.friction and gravity c.moisture and pressure 7. Friction and shearing forces a. are used in back massage c. increases risk for pressure ulcers b. are used to lift and transport the patient d.none of above
b.pressure and gravity d.friction and pressure
8. Development of pressure sore from wrong method of using bed pan occurs due to a. pressure c.gravity b.shearing forces d. friction 9.what happens when a patient ,sitting in bed in a semi upright position (60 degree),slide down? a.pressure increases when the sin sticks to the surfaces. b. friction increases when the skin sticks to the surfaces c. shearing increases when the skin sticks to the surfaces.
10. The most common sites of pressure sore are a.shoulder,ears,back of scapula b.abdomen ,thigh and lower leg c.sacrum ,elbows and heels d.lateral knee ,posterior knee and sore 10.In fowler s position which dependent areas are at risk for pressure ulcers development a. scapula,ishial tuberosity b. malleolus ,patella,greater trochnater c.olecranion process, patella,heel d.ishial tuberosity,olecranion process ,sacrum 11.How many grades are there for pressure ulcer depth assessment. a. 2 b.3 c.4 d.5 12. Grade 3 pressure ulcer is defined as a. involvement upto subcutaneous layer b.Discoloration of the skin c. Blister formation d. Involvement upto epidermis layer 13. Pressure ulcer risk assessment tools are used to a. prevent pressure ulcer b. predict the risk for pressure ulcers C.assess the depth of pressure d. conduct research only. 14. Which statement is correct. a. risk assessment tools identify all high risk patients in need of prevention. b the use of risk assessment scales reduces the cost of prevention. c.a risk assessment scale may not accurately predict the risk of developing a pressure ulcer and should be combined with clinical judgment. 15. Repositioning the patient is an accurate preventive method because a.the magnitude of pressure and shear will be reduced b.the amount and duration of pressure and shear will be reduced c.the duration of pressure and shear will be reduced 16.The frequency in changing of position of a patient confined to bed is once in a. two hours b. three hours. c. four hours d. five hours 17.The frequency of changing position of a client confined to chair is a. hourly b. once in two hours c. once in three hour d. once in four hours
18.Individuals at risk for development of pressure sores should have skin assessment at least a.once daily b. once in two days c.once in three days d. once in a week 19. The most important early clinical signs and symptoms of pressure sore includes a. pain b. redness c. increased warmth d. all of the above 20.While performing skin assessment particular attention should be paid to a. skin folds b. bony prominence b. both a and b d.none of the above 21.Integrity of skin of a bed ridden client can be maintained through a. Regular drug intake b. rest and sleep c. back massage d. all of the above 22.An important preventive measure of pressure sore is a. proper recording b. reposioning b. medications d. rest 23. The preferred postion which should be given to a bed ridden patient is a.semifowler positon b. high fowler position c.300 oblique position d.none of the above 24. The back massage should be done using palm of hands in a. Circular motion b. horizontal motion c.vertical motion d.diagnol motion 25. The time taken for an effective massage is a. 1-3mins b. 5-10mins
b. 3-5 mins d.10-15 mins
26.The agent used after massage to reduce friction between the body surface and bed is a. Spirit b. ointment c.Emollient lotion d.iodine 27. The frequency of cleansing skin of a client with urinary of fecal incontinent is a. Every half an hour b. once in two hours at regular interval c. Once in four hours at regular intervals d. during time of soiling and at regular intervals e.
28.One of the pressure relieving devices used to prevent pressure sore is a. Sand bags b. cushions c.splints d. stiff pillows 29. Type of mattress that helps prevent pressure sore is a.Cotton mattress b.alpha mattress c.Coir mattress d.cotton and coir mattress 30. When the client is in supine position as a supportive device, pillows should be placed under a. Hands,shoulder,lower back and lower legs b. Head, between legs and back c. Head and shoulder and between legs d. Hands, shoulder ,back and legs 31. When the client is in lateral position ,pillows should be placed under a. b. c. d. Head, at the back and between legs Head ,upper arm , upper legs and the back Upper arm ,a the back and between legs Head , between upper arm and between legs
32.The main complications of pressure sore are a. b. c. d. Necrosis and systemic infections Bone infection and systemic infections Deep wound and systemic infections All the above
33. Air mattress works by a.reduces the shearing force b. reduces the friction c.redisributes the pressure over skin d.body movements are increased 34. A disadvantage of a water mattress is a. shear at the buttocks increases. b. pressure at the heels increases. c. spontaneous small body movements are reduced. 35. If a bed rideen patient cannot be repositioned the most appropriate pressure ulcers prevention is a. a pressure redistributing foam mattress. b. an alternating oressure air mattress. c.local treatmentof the risk areas with zinc oxide paste.
36. In 2nd grade of pressure ulcer which dressing is most effective? a.Normal saline b.betadine c.hydrocolloid d.hydrogen peroxide
2. What are the risk factors to develop pressure ulcers? a. Immobility b. incontinenence c. malnutrition d. all the above 3. There is no relationship between pressure ulcers and a. age b. general health condition c. patient s position d. hypertension 4. The most common age factor for developing pressure ulcer is a.child hood b.adult hood c.middle age d.old age 5. The force acting parallel to skin surface is known as a. Friction b gravity c. pressure d. none of the above 6. Shearing force is a.friction and gravity c.moisture and pressure 7. Friction and shearing forces a. are used in back massage c. increases risk for pressure ulcers b. are used to lift and transport the patient d.none of above
b.pressure and gravity d.friction and pressure
8. Development of pressure sore from wrong method of using bed pan occurs due to a. pressure c.gravity b.shearing forces d. friction 9.what happens when a patient ,sitting in bed in a semi upright position (60 degree),slide down? a.pressure increases when the sin sticks to the surfaces. b. friction increases when the skin sticks to the surfaces c. shearing increases when the skin sticks to the surfaces.
10. The most common sites of pressure sore are a.shoulder,ears,back of scapula b.abdomen ,thigh and lower leg c.sacrum ,elbows and heels d.lateral knee ,posterior knee and sore 10.In fowler s position which dependent areas are at risk for pressure ulcers development a. scapula,ishial tuberosity b. malleolus ,patella,greater trochnater c.olecranion process, patella,heel d.ishial tuberosity,olecranion process ,sacrum 11.How many grades are there for pressure ulcer depth assessment. a. 2 b.3 c.4 d.5 12. Grade 3 pressure ulcer is defined as a. involvement upto subcutaneous layer b.Discoloration of the skin c. Blister formation d. Involvement upto epidermis layer 13. Pressure ulcer risk assessment tools are used to a. prevent pressure ulcer b. predict the risk for pressure ulcers C.assess the depth of pressure d. conduct research only. 14. Which statement is correct. a. risk assessment tools identify all high risk patients in need of prevention. b the use of risk assessment scales reduces the cost of prevention. c.a risk assessment scale may not accurately predict the risk of developing a pressure ulcer and should be combined with clinical judgment. 15. Repositioning the patient is an accurate preventive method because a.the magnitude of pressure and shear will be reduced b.the amount and duration of pressure and shear will be reduced c.the duration of pressure and shear will be reduced 16.The frequency in changing of position of a patient confined to bed is once in a. two hours b. three hours. c. four hours d. five hours 17.The frequency of changing position of a client confined to chair is a. hourly b. once in two hours c. once in three hour d. once in four hours
18.Individuals at risk for development of pressure sores should have skin assessment at least a.once daily b. once in two days c.once in three days d. once in a week 19. The most important early clinical signs and symptoms of pressure sore includes a. pain b. redness c. increased warmth d. all of the above 20.While performing skin assessment particular attention should be paid to a. skin folds b. bony prominence b. both a and b d.none of the above 21.Integrity of skin of a bed ridden client can be maintained through a. Regular drug intake b. rest and sleep c. back massage d. all of the above 22.An important preventive measure of pressure sore is a. proper recording b. reposioning b. medications d. rest 23. The preferred postion which should be given to a bed ridden patient is a.semifowler positon b. high fowler position c.300 oblique position d.none of the above 24. The back massage should be done using palm of hands in a. Circular motion b. horizontal motion c.vertical motion d.diagnol motion 25. The time taken for an effective massage is a. 1-3mins b. 5-10mins
b. 3-5 mins d.10-15 mins
26.The agent used after massage to reduce friction between the body surface and bed is a. Spirit b. ointment c.Emollient lotion d.iodine 27. The frequency of cleansing skin of a client with urinary of fecal incontinent is a. Every half an hour b. once in two hours at regular interval c. Once in four hours at regular intervals d. during time of soiling and at regular intervals e.
28.One of the pressure relieving devices used to prevent pressure sore is a. Sand bags b. cushions c.splints d. stiff pillows 29. Type of mattress that helps prevent pressure sore is a.Cotton mattress b.alpha mattress c.Coir mattress d.cotton and coir mattress 30. When the client is in supine position as a supportive device, pillows should be placed under a. Hands,shoulder,lower back and lower legs b. Head, between legs and back c. Head and shoulder and between legs d. Hands, shoulder ,back and legs 31. When the client is in lateral position ,pillows should be placed under a. b. c. d. Head, at the back and between legs Head ,upper arm , upper legs and the back Upper arm ,a the back and between legs Head , between upper arm and between legs
32.The main complications of pressure sore are a. b. c. d. Necrosis and systemic infections Bone infection and systemic infections Deep wound and systemic infections All the above
33. Air mattress works by a.reduces the shearing force b. reduces the friction c.redisributes the pressure over skin d.body movements are increased 34. A disadvantage of a water mattress is a. shear at the buttocks increases. b. pressure at the heels increases. c. spontaneous small body movements are reduced. 35. If a bed rideen patient cannot be repositioned the most appropriate pressure ulcers prevention is a. a pressure redistributing foam mattress. b. an alternating oressure air mattress. c.local treatmentof the risk areas with zinc oxide paste.
36. In 2nd grade of pressure ulcer which dressing is most effective? a.Normal saline b.betadine c.hydrocolloid d.hydrogen peroxide
