Wish a Steel Erection Rule Presentation
Content
New Rule for Steel Erection
WAC 296-155-701 through -724
The Standard On the web
1
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2
Navigational Symbols Used in this Presentation
• Return to the program, usually from “additional information” • Definitions, more information, FAQs, etc
• Read the actual Standard on line
• Back to the Outline
Next slide
3
Why the new rules??
•OSHA studies of 673 fatalities among ironworkers highlighted common hazards •Deaths were largely preventable by engineering & regulatory changes
4
= Outline
-703 - Site layout, site specific erection plan &
construction sequence -704 - Hoisting & rigging -706 - Structural steel assembly details -707 - Column anchorage -708 - Beams & columns -709 - Open web steel joists -711 - Systems engineered metal buildings -714 - Falling object protection -716 - Fall protection -717 - Training
5
Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence •Controlling contractor must provide written notification that concrete has attained
– 75% of design strength, or – Sufficient strength to support the loads
6
Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence
•Controlling contractor must ensure that adequate access roads are provided and maintained
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
7
Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence Controlling contractor must ensure that a suitable space is provided for
–storage of materials and –safe operation of hoisting operations
8
Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence All hoisting operations must be preplanned to ensure all “working under loads” requirements are met
9
Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence •A site-specific Example erection plan may be developed to provide alternate means to protect employees
•Appendix A contains guidelines App
A
10
Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence
“Steel erection must be done under the supervision of a competent person who is present at the worksite.”
12
TOC
Next Section
Hoisting & Rigging
•The new section (WAC 296-155-704) and
•WAC 296-155-525 & -526 Both apply to hoisting and rigging
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
14
Hoisting & Rigging
Crane preshift visual inspection
must be visually inspected by a competent person •rule gives inspection minimums •deficiencies must be evaluated immediately •equipment posing a hazard must be placed out of service •operator has authority to stop and refuse any loads until safety is assured
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
15
Hoisting & Rigging
•A qualified rigger must inspect the rigging prior to each shift
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
17
Hoisting & Rigging
Working under loads
Routes for suspended loads must be preplanned to avoid endangering workers
19
Hoisting & Rigging
When working under loads
•materials must be rigged to prevent unintentional displacement •hooks must have self-closing safety latches or equivalent •all loads must be rigged by a qualified rigger
20
Hoisting & Rigging
Multiple lift rigging procedure
only when:
– a multiple lift rigging assembly is used – specifically within manufacturer’s specifications & limitations – maximum of 5 members hoisted per lift – only beams & similar structural members are lifted – only trained employees involved
21
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
Hoisting & Rigging
Multiple lift rigging procedure
– Bundles of decking are NOT appropriate for multiple lift.
– Even though metal decking meets the definition of structural members
22
Hoisting & Rigging
Multiple lift rigging procedure
•Components of the multiple lift rigging assembly must be specifically designed and assembled with a maximum capacity for total assembly and for each individual attachment point. •Based on manufacturer’s specifications with a 5 to 1 safety factor on all components
23
Hoisting & Rigging
Multiple lift rigging procedure
Total load must not exceed •rated capacity as specified in the hoisting equipment load charts and •rigging capacity specified in the rigging-rating charts
24
Hoisting & Rigging
Multiple lift rigging procedure
Controlled load lowering must be used whenever the load is over the connectors
TOC
25 Next Section
Structural Steel Assembly
Structural stability maintained at all times during the erection process
Multistory structures have permanent floors installed as the erection of structural members progresses •Within 8 floors of the concrete, or
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers 26 Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
Structural Steel Assembly
Structural stability maintained at all times during the erection process
Multistory structures have permanent floors installed as the erection of structural members progresses
•Within 8 floors of the concrete, or
•no more than 4 floors (or 48’) of unfinished bolting or welding above secured floor
27
Structural Steel Assembly
Walking/working surfaces
Elimination of tripping hazards:
•no shear connectors or other similar devices …until after walking/working surface has been installed.
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers 28 Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
Structural Steel Assembly
Plumbing up
When deemed necessary by a competent person: Plumbing up equipment must be installed in conjunction with the steel erection process to ensure stability of the structure.
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
29
Structural Steel Assembly
Plumbing up
•When necessary, plumbing up equipment must be in place and properly installed before the structure is loaded with construction material
30
Structural Steel Assembly
Plumbing up
•Plumbing up equipment must be removed only with the approval of a competent person
31
Structural Steel Assembly
Metal decking
Hoisting, landing & placing of metal decking bundles
– provisions to prevent “displacement” of decking during handling/storage
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 32
Structural Steel Assembly
Metal decking
•Roof & floor holes and openings Must be installed as described:
Para 706(4)(b)
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
33
Structural Steel Assembly
Metal decking
•Covering roof and floor openings
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
35
Structural Steel Assembly
Metal decking
Decking gaps around columns
where there are gaps between columns, the “falling objects hazards” must be eliminated
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
36
Structural Steel Assembly
Metal decking
During installation, metal decking must be laid tightly & immediately secured to prevent movement
37
Structural Steel Assembly
Metal decking
During installation, metal decking panels must be placed to ensure full support by structural members
38
Structural Steel Assembly
Metal decking
Derrick floors must be fully decked or planked & connections completed
39
Structural Steel Assembly
Metal decking
Temporary loads placed on derrick floors must be distributed over the underlying support to prevent local overloading
TOC
40 Next Section
Column anchorage
Insufficient column anchorage is a primary cause of column failure and a large contributor to fatalities among ironworkers!
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
41
Column anchorage
Erection Stability
All columns must be anchored by a minimum of four anchor bolts
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
42
Column anchorage
Erection Stability
All columns* must be anchored by a minimum of four anchor bolts
all anchor rod assemblies must meet strength criteria listed in the rule
43
Column anchorage
Erection Stability
Columns must be •set on level, finished floors •pregrouted leveling plates •leveling nuts, or •shim packs
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
45
Column anchorage
Erection Stability
All columns must be evaluated by a competent person to determine if guying or bracing is needed. If guying or bracing is needed, it must be installed
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
46
Column anchorage
Anchor rods (bolts)
Anchor rods/bolts must not be repaired, replaced or field modified without approval of the project structural engineer of record
47
Column anchorage
Anchor rods (bolts)
Controlling contractor must provide written notification to the steel erector if there has been any repair, replacement or modification of the anchor rods/bolts
TOC
48 Next Section
Beams & Columns
Final placing of solid web structural members
The load must not be released until members are secured with at least 2 bolts per connection
49
Beams & Columns
Final placing of solid web structural members The load must not be released until members are secured with at least 2 bolts per connection
Bolts must be
Same size and strength shown in the erection drawings Drawn up wrench tight, or equivalent specified
50
Beams & Columns
Final placing of solid web structural members
A competent person must determine if more than 2 bolts are needed
51
Beams & Columns
Diagonal bracing
Solid web structural members used as diagonal bracing must be secured by at least one bolt per connection
Wrench tight or equivalent
52
Beams & Columns
Double connections at columns and/or beam webs over a column
When making connections sharing common connection holes, at least one bolt with its wrench-tight nut must remain connected to the first member Diagram
Exception
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
53
Beams & Columns
Column splices
Each column splice must be designed to resist a minimum eccentric gravity load of 300#
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
57
Beams & Columns
Perimeter columns
Must extend a minimum of 48” above the finished floor to permit installation of perimeter safety cables prior to erection of the next tier
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
58
Beams & Columns
Perimeter columns
Must have holes or other devices for attaching perimeter cables
TOC
59 Next Section
Open Web Steel Joists
“Open web steel joists must be secured before releasing the load.”
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
60
Open Web Steel Joists
Landing and placing loads No bundle of decking may be placed on steel joists until all bridging has been installed and anchored and all joist bearing ends attached, UNLESS
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
61
Systems-Engineered Metal Buildings
“Package Building”
Before releasing hoisting equipment: •Columns
– minimum 4 bolts at base
•Rigid frames
– 50% of the bolts – or as specified by manufacturer
TOC
63 Next Section
Falling Object Protection
All materials, equipment, & tools which are not in use while aloft must be secured against accidental displacement
64
Falling Object Protection
The controlling contractor must bar other construction processes from below steel erection unless overhead protection for the employees below is provided
TOC
65 Next Section
Fall Protection
•Must be in accordance with WAC 296-155, – Part C-1 & – Part K
TOC
66 Next Section
Training
•Fall hazard training •Special training in multiple lift rigging procedure
TOC
67
End
• Photos courtesy of Pacific Northwest Ironworkers and Employers Apprenticeship and Training Committee -86 • Very special thanks to Douglas Smith and Kevin McGee • And thanks also to Jerry Rowland, Corona Steel and Ironworkers Local #86 68
Navigational Symbols Used in this Presentation
• Return to the program, usually from “additional information” • Definitions, more information, FAQs, etc
• Read the actual Standard on line
• Back to the Outline
Next slide
70
links back to this page
-703 - Site layout, site specific erection plan &
construction sequence -704 - Hoisting & rigging -706 - Structural steel assembly details -707 - Column anchorage Each line -708 - Beams & columns Hyperlinks to the -709 - Open web steel joists module listed -711 - Systems engineered metal buildings -714 - Falling object protection -716 - Fall protection -717 - Training 71
Behind the scenes how things are arranged:
Section -703
You get back and forth from the Outline
Outline
Section -704
Section -705
72
Links to other information
“Steel erection must be done under the supervision of a competent person who is present at the worksite.”
Clicking here or else on the “i” will link you to the definition
73
NEXT: Going from the presentation to web pages to read or print out the actual Standard
Going to the Web to read the actual Standard is easy: • to go forward, use the hyperlink provided • to go back, use the “back arrow”
What’s a “Hyperlink”? What’s a “Back Arrow”?
This is how the program looks “behind the scenes”
74
Navigation – Part II
The diagram of how things can be linked
Section -703
Section –703 on the Web
Other Web Page if you want
Course List
Section -704
Section –704 on the Web
And another Web Page
Section -705
Section –705 on the Web
75
Clicking here would hyperlink to the web page
Clicking here would return to the Presentation
76
Navigation – Part II
Section -704
Section –704 on the Web
Outline
Another way of moving back to the presentation • Just close the web page
77
Clicking here would hyperlink to the web page
Clicking here would close the Web page; return to the Presentation
78
Ready to start??
Not really. I’d like to go through this “navigation thing” one more time.
YES! Run it!
79
Hyperlink
• An item (word, icon, button, etc) that will take you to another location (page in the document, web page, other program, etc)
• Hyperlinks are identified by the fact that when your cursor passes over them, it changes from an arrow to a hand.
– Sometimes they’re even underlined
80
This is a “Back Arrow”
81
WAC 296-155-701 through -724
The Standard On the web
1
GO
Do you want a short lesson on how to navigate through this program?
If you want to see which buttons to click on to get through the presentation, click here If you’re confident that you can navigate through a web-based presentation on your own, click on the “next” button.
2
Navigational Symbols Used in this Presentation
• Return to the program, usually from “additional information” • Definitions, more information, FAQs, etc
• Read the actual Standard on line
• Back to the Outline
Next slide
3
Why the new rules??
•OSHA studies of 673 fatalities among ironworkers highlighted common hazards •Deaths were largely preventable by engineering & regulatory changes
4
= Outline
-703 - Site layout, site specific erection plan &
construction sequence -704 - Hoisting & rigging -706 - Structural steel assembly details -707 - Column anchorage -708 - Beams & columns -709 - Open web steel joists -711 - Systems engineered metal buildings -714 - Falling object protection -716 - Fall protection -717 - Training
5
Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence •Controlling contractor must provide written notification that concrete has attained
– 75% of design strength, or – Sufficient strength to support the loads
6
Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence
•Controlling contractor must ensure that adequate access roads are provided and maintained
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
7
Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence Controlling contractor must ensure that a suitable space is provided for
–storage of materials and –safe operation of hoisting operations
8
Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence All hoisting operations must be preplanned to ensure all “working under loads” requirements are met
9
Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence •A site-specific Example erection plan may be developed to provide alternate means to protect employees
•Appendix A contains guidelines App
A
10
Site layout, site-specific erection plan & construction sequence
“Steel erection must be done under the supervision of a competent person who is present at the worksite.”
12
TOC
Next Section
Hoisting & Rigging
•The new section (WAC 296-155-704) and
•WAC 296-155-525 & -526 Both apply to hoisting and rigging
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
14
Hoisting & Rigging
Crane preshift visual inspection
must be visually inspected by a competent person •rule gives inspection minimums •deficiencies must be evaluated immediately •equipment posing a hazard must be placed out of service •operator has authority to stop and refuse any loads until safety is assured
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
15
Hoisting & Rigging
•A qualified rigger must inspect the rigging prior to each shift
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
17
Hoisting & Rigging
Working under loads
Routes for suspended loads must be preplanned to avoid endangering workers
19
Hoisting & Rigging
When working under loads
•materials must be rigged to prevent unintentional displacement •hooks must have self-closing safety latches or equivalent •all loads must be rigged by a qualified rigger
20
Hoisting & Rigging
Multiple lift rigging procedure
only when:
– a multiple lift rigging assembly is used – specifically within manufacturer’s specifications & limitations – maximum of 5 members hoisted per lift – only beams & similar structural members are lifted – only trained employees involved
21
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
Hoisting & Rigging
Multiple lift rigging procedure
– Bundles of decking are NOT appropriate for multiple lift.
– Even though metal decking meets the definition of structural members
22
Hoisting & Rigging
Multiple lift rigging procedure
•Components of the multiple lift rigging assembly must be specifically designed and assembled with a maximum capacity for total assembly and for each individual attachment point. •Based on manufacturer’s specifications with a 5 to 1 safety factor on all components
23
Hoisting & Rigging
Multiple lift rigging procedure
Total load must not exceed •rated capacity as specified in the hoisting equipment load charts and •rigging capacity specified in the rigging-rating charts
24
Hoisting & Rigging
Multiple lift rigging procedure
Controlled load lowering must be used whenever the load is over the connectors
TOC
25 Next Section
Structural Steel Assembly
Structural stability maintained at all times during the erection process
Multistory structures have permanent floors installed as the erection of structural members progresses •Within 8 floors of the concrete, or
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers 26 Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
Structural Steel Assembly
Structural stability maintained at all times during the erection process
Multistory structures have permanent floors installed as the erection of structural members progresses
•Within 8 floors of the concrete, or
•no more than 4 floors (or 48’) of unfinished bolting or welding above secured floor
27
Structural Steel Assembly
Walking/working surfaces
Elimination of tripping hazards:
•no shear connectors or other similar devices …until after walking/working surface has been installed.
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers 28 Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
Structural Steel Assembly
Plumbing up
When deemed necessary by a competent person: Plumbing up equipment must be installed in conjunction with the steel erection process to ensure stability of the structure.
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
29
Structural Steel Assembly
Plumbing up
•When necessary, plumbing up equipment must be in place and properly installed before the structure is loaded with construction material
30
Structural Steel Assembly
Plumbing up
•Plumbing up equipment must be removed only with the approval of a competent person
31
Structural Steel Assembly
Metal decking
Hoisting, landing & placing of metal decking bundles
– provisions to prevent “displacement” of decking during handling/storage
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved. 32
Structural Steel Assembly
Metal decking
•Roof & floor holes and openings Must be installed as described:
Para 706(4)(b)
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
33
Structural Steel Assembly
Metal decking
•Covering roof and floor openings
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
35
Structural Steel Assembly
Metal decking
Decking gaps around columns
where there are gaps between columns, the “falling objects hazards” must be eliminated
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
36
Structural Steel Assembly
Metal decking
During installation, metal decking must be laid tightly & immediately secured to prevent movement
37
Structural Steel Assembly
Metal decking
During installation, metal decking panels must be placed to ensure full support by structural members
38
Structural Steel Assembly
Metal decking
Derrick floors must be fully decked or planked & connections completed
39
Structural Steel Assembly
Metal decking
Temporary loads placed on derrick floors must be distributed over the underlying support to prevent local overloading
TOC
40 Next Section
Column anchorage
Insufficient column anchorage is a primary cause of column failure and a large contributor to fatalities among ironworkers!
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
41
Column anchorage
Erection Stability
All columns must be anchored by a minimum of four anchor bolts
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
42
Column anchorage
Erection Stability
All columns* must be anchored by a minimum of four anchor bolts
all anchor rod assemblies must meet strength criteria listed in the rule
43
Column anchorage
Erection Stability
Columns must be •set on level, finished floors •pregrouted leveling plates •leveling nuts, or •shim packs
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
45
Column anchorage
Erection Stability
All columns must be evaluated by a competent person to determine if guying or bracing is needed. If guying or bracing is needed, it must be installed
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
46
Column anchorage
Anchor rods (bolts)
Anchor rods/bolts must not be repaired, replaced or field modified without approval of the project structural engineer of record
47
Column anchorage
Anchor rods (bolts)
Controlling contractor must provide written notification to the steel erector if there has been any repair, replacement or modification of the anchor rods/bolts
TOC
48 Next Section
Beams & Columns
Final placing of solid web structural members
The load must not be released until members are secured with at least 2 bolts per connection
49
Beams & Columns
Final placing of solid web structural members The load must not be released until members are secured with at least 2 bolts per connection
Bolts must be
Same size and strength shown in the erection drawings Drawn up wrench tight, or equivalent specified
50
Beams & Columns
Final placing of solid web structural members
A competent person must determine if more than 2 bolts are needed
51
Beams & Columns
Diagonal bracing
Solid web structural members used as diagonal bracing must be secured by at least one bolt per connection
Wrench tight or equivalent
52
Beams & Columns
Double connections at columns and/or beam webs over a column
When making connections sharing common connection holes, at least one bolt with its wrench-tight nut must remain connected to the first member Diagram
Exception
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
53
Beams & Columns
Column splices
Each column splice must be designed to resist a minimum eccentric gravity load of 300#
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
57
Beams & Columns
Perimeter columns
Must extend a minimum of 48” above the finished floor to permit installation of perimeter safety cables prior to erection of the next tier
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
58
Beams & Columns
Perimeter columns
Must have holes or other devices for attaching perimeter cables
TOC
59 Next Section
Open Web Steel Joists
“Open web steel joists must be secured before releasing the load.”
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
60
Open Web Steel Joists
Landing and placing loads No bundle of decking may be placed on steel joists until all bridging has been installed and anchored and all joist bearing ends attached, UNLESS
Photo courtesy of National Ironworkers & Employers Apprenticeship Training and Journeyman Upgrading Fund. All rights reserved.
61
Systems-Engineered Metal Buildings
“Package Building”
Before releasing hoisting equipment: •Columns
– minimum 4 bolts at base
•Rigid frames
– 50% of the bolts – or as specified by manufacturer
TOC
63 Next Section
Falling Object Protection
All materials, equipment, & tools which are not in use while aloft must be secured against accidental displacement
64
Falling Object Protection
The controlling contractor must bar other construction processes from below steel erection unless overhead protection for the employees below is provided
TOC
65 Next Section
Fall Protection
•Must be in accordance with WAC 296-155, – Part C-1 & – Part K
TOC
66 Next Section
Training
•Fall hazard training •Special training in multiple lift rigging procedure
TOC
67
End
• Photos courtesy of Pacific Northwest Ironworkers and Employers Apprenticeship and Training Committee -86 • Very special thanks to Douglas Smith and Kevin McGee • And thanks also to Jerry Rowland, Corona Steel and Ironworkers Local #86 68
Navigational Symbols Used in this Presentation
• Return to the program, usually from “additional information” • Definitions, more information, FAQs, etc
• Read the actual Standard on line
• Back to the Outline
Next slide
70
links back to this page
-703 - Site layout, site specific erection plan &
construction sequence -704 - Hoisting & rigging -706 - Structural steel assembly details -707 - Column anchorage Each line -708 - Beams & columns Hyperlinks to the -709 - Open web steel joists module listed -711 - Systems engineered metal buildings -714 - Falling object protection -716 - Fall protection -717 - Training 71
Behind the scenes how things are arranged:
Section -703
You get back and forth from the Outline
Outline
Section -704
Section -705
72
Links to other information
“Steel erection must be done under the supervision of a competent person who is present at the worksite.”
Clicking here or else on the “i” will link you to the definition
73
NEXT: Going from the presentation to web pages to read or print out the actual Standard
Going to the Web to read the actual Standard is easy: • to go forward, use the hyperlink provided • to go back, use the “back arrow”
What’s a “Hyperlink”? What’s a “Back Arrow”?
This is how the program looks “behind the scenes”
74
Navigation – Part II
The diagram of how things can be linked
Section -703
Section –703 on the Web
Other Web Page if you want
Course List
Section -704
Section –704 on the Web
And another Web Page
Section -705
Section –705 on the Web
75
Clicking here would hyperlink to the web page
Clicking here would return to the Presentation
76
Navigation – Part II
Section -704
Section –704 on the Web
Outline
Another way of moving back to the presentation • Just close the web page
77
Clicking here would hyperlink to the web page
Clicking here would close the Web page; return to the Presentation
78
Ready to start??
Not really. I’d like to go through this “navigation thing” one more time.
YES! Run it!
79
Hyperlink
• An item (word, icon, button, etc) that will take you to another location (page in the document, web page, other program, etc)
• Hyperlinks are identified by the fact that when your cursor passes over them, it changes from an arrow to a hand.
– Sometimes they’re even underlined
80
This is a “Back Arrow”
81
