Workout
Content
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Applications
DSP IS EVERYWHERE
Sound applications
y y
Compression, enhancements, special effects, synthesis, recognition, echo cancellation,« Cell Phones, MP3 Players, Movies, Dictation, Text-to-speech,« Modulation, coding, detection, equalization, echo cancellation,« Cell Phones, dial-up modem, DSL modem, Satellite Receiver,« ABS, GPS, Active Noise Cancellation, Cruise Control, Parking,« Magnetic Resonance, Tomography, Electrocardiogram,« Radar, Sonar, Space photographs,
Communication
y y
Automotive
y y
Medical Military
y
Remote Sensing,«
Image and Video Applications
y y
DVD, JPEG, Movie special effects, video conferencing,« Motor control, process control, oil and mineral prospecting,«
2
Mechanical
TOPICS COVERED
1. Definition 2. History 3. Remote Sensing Process 4. Types 5. Applications 6. Satellites 7. Pros and Cons 8. Some Images 9. Summary
REMOTE SENSING.....
WHAT? HOW? WHY? WHERE?
REMOTE + SENSING
Acquiring information about an area or phenomenon without coming into physical contact with it . a
Transferring of information through space by use of electromagnetic radiation.
A device used to detect the electro-magnetic radiation from an object is a SENSOR . A vehicle to carry the sensor is called a PLATEFORM
Early 1800·s ² Louis Daguerre ² beginning of photography 1850s- 1900·s ² Photographs taken by captive balloons, pigeons World War I ² Aerial photography 1920s ² Photogrammetry ² Routine applications for government programs ² Mapping, surveys, etc. World War II ² Use of electromagnetic spectrum increases to include infrared and microwave ´Cold Warµ ² extensive use of reconnaissance techniques ² launching of ¶spy· satellites 1960s ²TIROS ² meteorological satellite ² First use of term ´remote sensingµ
HISTORY
Remote Sensing the Earth's surface using the newly invented photo-camera began in the 1860s as balloonists took pictures of the EARTH·S surface . Later in 1903 Pigeon·s were been used to take photographs .
THEN CAME ROCKETS. THE LOGICAL ENTRY OF REMOTE SENSORS INTO SPACE ON A ROUTINE BASIS BEGAN WITH AUTOMATED PHOTO-CAMERA SYSTEMS MOUNTED ON CAPTURED GERMAN V-2 ROCKETS
TYPES OF REMOTE SENSING
1. Passive Remote Sensing 2. Active Remote Sensing
Passive Remote Sensing Passive sensors record radiation reflected from the earth's surface. The source of this radiation must come from outside the sensor; in most cases, this is solar energy. Because of this energy requirement, passive solar sensors can only capture data during daylight hours.
1.
2. Active Remote Sensing
Active sensors require the energy source to come from within the sensor. A laser-beam remote sensing system is an active sensor that sends out a beam of light with a known wavelength and frequency. This beam of light hits the earth and is reflected back to the sensor, which records the time it took for the beam of light to return.
2. Active Remote Sensing contd«
A camera provides an excellent example of both passive and active sensors. During a bright sunny day, enough sunlight is illuminating the targets and then reflecting toward the camera lens, so the camera simply records the radiation provided (passive mode). On a cloudy day or inside a room, there is often not enough sunlight for the camera to record the targets adequately. So, it uses its own energy source - a flash - to illuminate the targets and record the radiation reflected from them (active mode).
REMOTE SENSING - Platform
Platform Geostationary satellite Polar Orbiting satellite Space Shuttle Jet Aircraft Airplane Ground Altitude(km.) 36000 500-1000 240-350 10-12 0.3-7.5 Few Metres
How is REMOTE SENSING done?
SEVEN ELEMENTS OF REMOTE SENSING A. Energy Source or Illumination
SEVEN ELEMENTS OF REMOTE SENSING B. Radiation & Atmosphere
SEVEN ELEMENTS OF REMOTE SENSING C. Interaction with Target
SEVEN ELEMENTS OF REMOTE SENSING D. Recording of Energy by the Sensor
SEVEN ELEMENTS OF REMOTE SENSING E. Transmission, Reception, and Processing
SEVEN ELEMENTS OF REMOTE SENSING F. Interpretation And Analysis
SEVEN ELEMENTS OF REMOTE SENSING G. Application
REMOTE SENSING PROCESS
1.
Identifying the Need ( target)
2. Data Collection Every problem will have different data requirements. Data can be collected either in situ or remotely . In Situ Data ,Remotely sensed data is being used in numerous fields and for a wide variety of applications and is collected by field sampling, laboratory sampling etc.. Remotely sensed data is collected from previous records .
3. Data Analysis Remotely sensed data is analyzed using various image processing techniques and methods
Analog Image Processing Digital Image Processing
4. Information Output
Distribution Receiving station processing Archiving
REMOTE SENSING RECEPTION
DSP BLOCK IN THE DAQLB SYSTEM
UNIT
Why REMOTE SENSING is required?
APPLICATIONS
1. Geology 2. Planetary Remote Sensing Cosmology 3. Urban Planning 4. Emergency and hazard 5. Oceanic Applications 6. Forestry 7. Natural Resource Management 8. Agriculture 9. Climatology
1. Geology
Estimation of area covered by forest and percentage area covered by water , and area used for vegetation.
Map of Forest and vegetation
By ShankarNaray an & Prabhu
Remote Camera Image and the Enhanced Image
2.Planetery Remote Sensing and Cosmology
Used in detecting the exact location of Planets and meteors. Also helps in knowing more about the origin of the Earth.
3. Urban Planning
Planning of locations where cities can be established .Also an estimation of the area that can be used productively for agriculture.
4. Emergency and Hazard
A hazard event could include large storms, earthquakes, erosion, and flooding. Remote sensing can be used both to aid in Identifying resources prior to an event and also to asses the damage following an event .
5. Oceanic Applications
Large scale events such as ocean circulation, current systems, upwelling and eddy formation can be better understood by using satellite imagery .
6. Forestry
Forestry applications of remote sensing include the following: Reconnaissance mapping: Commercial forestry: Environmental monitoring:
Landsat Thematic Mapper
7.Natural Resource Management
With the increase in urban sprawl and recreational use of natural areas, habitat assessment and natural resource management are becoming important topics for coastal resource managers. Remote sensing data sets can be used to monitor urban sprawl, map and inventory wetlands, and delineate wildlife habitat .
8. Agriculture
Satellite and airborne images are used as mapping tools to classify crops, examine their health and viability, and monitor farming practices. Agricultural applications of remote sensing include the following: Crop type classification Crop condition assessment Crop yield estimation Mapping of soil characteristics Mapping of soil management practices Compliance monitoring (farming practices)
9. Climatology
Remote Sensing has been vastly used in the field of Climatology. y Weather can be predicted upto a certain degree of accuracy. y Atmospheric phenomena such as hurricanes, tornadoes, storms etc. are predicted and their courses tracked much before they occur, thanks to Remote Sensing. This has saved countless lives throughout the world. y Weather pattern has been recorded globally and the data has enabled climatologists to create a model of the earth·s climate.
y
WORLD WEATHER VARIATION
REMOTE SENSING SATELLITES
TRIOS
Series (1960-1965) The Television and Infrared Observation Satelites. NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellites . GMS Geo-synchronous meteorological satellite Landsat is used mainly for land area observation SPOT, MOS, JERS, ESR, RADARSAT, IRS etc.
ADVANTAGES
1. Relatively cheap and rapid method of acquiring up-to-date information over a large geographical area. 2.It is the only practical way to obtain data from inaccessible regions, e.g. Antarctica, Amazonia. 3. Easy to manipulate with the computer . 4.Remote Sensing data can be readily integrated with other data. eg. Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
Incorporating Remote Sensing Data into a GIS
DISADVANTAGES
1. Expensive to build and operate. 2. Measurement uncertainty can be large. 3. Phenomena which were not meant to be measured can interfere with the image .eg. for land cover classification: atmospheric water vapor, sun vs. shadow. 4. Resolution is often coarse .
SOME IMAGES
A Remotely Sensed Data Set
Image of a Spacecraft send to Mars(2001)
NOAA view of the hurricane in the Gulf.
SUMMARY
Remote Sensing is the science of deriving information about the earth's land and water areas from images acquired at a distance. This is done by the help of Sensors and afterwards is analyse by the help of Computers. There are 2 types: Active and Passive. It is used in vast applications like planetary remote sensing geological areas, oceans, hazard and resource management.
Any Questions?
Applications
DSP IS EVERYWHERE
Sound applications
y y
Compression, enhancements, special effects, synthesis, recognition, echo cancellation,« Cell Phones, MP3 Players, Movies, Dictation, Text-to-speech,« Modulation, coding, detection, equalization, echo cancellation,« Cell Phones, dial-up modem, DSL modem, Satellite Receiver,« ABS, GPS, Active Noise Cancellation, Cruise Control, Parking,« Magnetic Resonance, Tomography, Electrocardiogram,« Radar, Sonar, Space photographs,
Communication
y y
Automotive
y y
Medical Military
y
Remote Sensing,«
Image and Video Applications
y y
DVD, JPEG, Movie special effects, video conferencing,« Motor control, process control, oil and mineral prospecting,«
2
Mechanical
TOPICS COVERED
1. Definition 2. History 3. Remote Sensing Process 4. Types 5. Applications 6. Satellites 7. Pros and Cons 8. Some Images 9. Summary
REMOTE SENSING.....
WHAT? HOW? WHY? WHERE?
REMOTE + SENSING
Acquiring information about an area or phenomenon without coming into physical contact with it . a
Transferring of information through space by use of electromagnetic radiation.
A device used to detect the electro-magnetic radiation from an object is a SENSOR . A vehicle to carry the sensor is called a PLATEFORM
Early 1800·s ² Louis Daguerre ² beginning of photography 1850s- 1900·s ² Photographs taken by captive balloons, pigeons World War I ² Aerial photography 1920s ² Photogrammetry ² Routine applications for government programs ² Mapping, surveys, etc. World War II ² Use of electromagnetic spectrum increases to include infrared and microwave ´Cold Warµ ² extensive use of reconnaissance techniques ² launching of ¶spy· satellites 1960s ²TIROS ² meteorological satellite ² First use of term ´remote sensingµ
HISTORY
Remote Sensing the Earth's surface using the newly invented photo-camera began in the 1860s as balloonists took pictures of the EARTH·S surface . Later in 1903 Pigeon·s were been used to take photographs .
THEN CAME ROCKETS. THE LOGICAL ENTRY OF REMOTE SENSORS INTO SPACE ON A ROUTINE BASIS BEGAN WITH AUTOMATED PHOTO-CAMERA SYSTEMS MOUNTED ON CAPTURED GERMAN V-2 ROCKETS
TYPES OF REMOTE SENSING
1. Passive Remote Sensing 2. Active Remote Sensing
Passive Remote Sensing Passive sensors record radiation reflected from the earth's surface. The source of this radiation must come from outside the sensor; in most cases, this is solar energy. Because of this energy requirement, passive solar sensors can only capture data during daylight hours.
1.
2. Active Remote Sensing
Active sensors require the energy source to come from within the sensor. A laser-beam remote sensing system is an active sensor that sends out a beam of light with a known wavelength and frequency. This beam of light hits the earth and is reflected back to the sensor, which records the time it took for the beam of light to return.
2. Active Remote Sensing contd«
A camera provides an excellent example of both passive and active sensors. During a bright sunny day, enough sunlight is illuminating the targets and then reflecting toward the camera lens, so the camera simply records the radiation provided (passive mode). On a cloudy day or inside a room, there is often not enough sunlight for the camera to record the targets adequately. So, it uses its own energy source - a flash - to illuminate the targets and record the radiation reflected from them (active mode).
REMOTE SENSING - Platform
Platform Geostationary satellite Polar Orbiting satellite Space Shuttle Jet Aircraft Airplane Ground Altitude(km.) 36000 500-1000 240-350 10-12 0.3-7.5 Few Metres
How is REMOTE SENSING done?
SEVEN ELEMENTS OF REMOTE SENSING A. Energy Source or Illumination
SEVEN ELEMENTS OF REMOTE SENSING B. Radiation & Atmosphere
SEVEN ELEMENTS OF REMOTE SENSING C. Interaction with Target
SEVEN ELEMENTS OF REMOTE SENSING D. Recording of Energy by the Sensor
SEVEN ELEMENTS OF REMOTE SENSING E. Transmission, Reception, and Processing
SEVEN ELEMENTS OF REMOTE SENSING F. Interpretation And Analysis
SEVEN ELEMENTS OF REMOTE SENSING G. Application
REMOTE SENSING PROCESS
1.
Identifying the Need ( target)
2. Data Collection Every problem will have different data requirements. Data can be collected either in situ or remotely . In Situ Data ,Remotely sensed data is being used in numerous fields and for a wide variety of applications and is collected by field sampling, laboratory sampling etc.. Remotely sensed data is collected from previous records .
3. Data Analysis Remotely sensed data is analyzed using various image processing techniques and methods
Analog Image Processing Digital Image Processing
4. Information Output
Distribution Receiving station processing Archiving
REMOTE SENSING RECEPTION
DSP BLOCK IN THE DAQLB SYSTEM
UNIT
Why REMOTE SENSING is required?
APPLICATIONS
1. Geology 2. Planetary Remote Sensing Cosmology 3. Urban Planning 4. Emergency and hazard 5. Oceanic Applications 6. Forestry 7. Natural Resource Management 8. Agriculture 9. Climatology
1. Geology
Estimation of area covered by forest and percentage area covered by water , and area used for vegetation.
Map of Forest and vegetation
By ShankarNaray an & Prabhu
Remote Camera Image and the Enhanced Image
2.Planetery Remote Sensing and Cosmology
Used in detecting the exact location of Planets and meteors. Also helps in knowing more about the origin of the Earth.
3. Urban Planning
Planning of locations where cities can be established .Also an estimation of the area that can be used productively for agriculture.
4. Emergency and Hazard
A hazard event could include large storms, earthquakes, erosion, and flooding. Remote sensing can be used both to aid in Identifying resources prior to an event and also to asses the damage following an event .
5. Oceanic Applications
Large scale events such as ocean circulation, current systems, upwelling and eddy formation can be better understood by using satellite imagery .
6. Forestry
Forestry applications of remote sensing include the following: Reconnaissance mapping: Commercial forestry: Environmental monitoring:
Landsat Thematic Mapper
7.Natural Resource Management
With the increase in urban sprawl and recreational use of natural areas, habitat assessment and natural resource management are becoming important topics for coastal resource managers. Remote sensing data sets can be used to monitor urban sprawl, map and inventory wetlands, and delineate wildlife habitat .
8. Agriculture
Satellite and airborne images are used as mapping tools to classify crops, examine their health and viability, and monitor farming practices. Agricultural applications of remote sensing include the following: Crop type classification Crop condition assessment Crop yield estimation Mapping of soil characteristics Mapping of soil management practices Compliance monitoring (farming practices)
9. Climatology
Remote Sensing has been vastly used in the field of Climatology. y Weather can be predicted upto a certain degree of accuracy. y Atmospheric phenomena such as hurricanes, tornadoes, storms etc. are predicted and their courses tracked much before they occur, thanks to Remote Sensing. This has saved countless lives throughout the world. y Weather pattern has been recorded globally and the data has enabled climatologists to create a model of the earth·s climate.
y
WORLD WEATHER VARIATION
REMOTE SENSING SATELLITES
TRIOS
Series (1960-1965) The Television and Infrared Observation Satelites. NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellites . GMS Geo-synchronous meteorological satellite Landsat is used mainly for land area observation SPOT, MOS, JERS, ESR, RADARSAT, IRS etc.
ADVANTAGES
1. Relatively cheap and rapid method of acquiring up-to-date information over a large geographical area. 2.It is the only practical way to obtain data from inaccessible regions, e.g. Antarctica, Amazonia. 3. Easy to manipulate with the computer . 4.Remote Sensing data can be readily integrated with other data. eg. Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
Incorporating Remote Sensing Data into a GIS
DISADVANTAGES
1. Expensive to build and operate. 2. Measurement uncertainty can be large. 3. Phenomena which were not meant to be measured can interfere with the image .eg. for land cover classification: atmospheric water vapor, sun vs. shadow. 4. Resolution is often coarse .
SOME IMAGES
A Remotely Sensed Data Set
Image of a Spacecraft send to Mars(2001)
NOAA view of the hurricane in the Gulf.
SUMMARY
Remote Sensing is the science of deriving information about the earth's land and water areas from images acquired at a distance. This is done by the help of Sensors and afterwards is analyse by the help of Computers. There are 2 types: Active and Passive. It is used in vast applications like planetary remote sensing geological areas, oceans, hazard and resource management.
Any Questions?
