Written Assignment BEL 311
Content
BEL 311 ACADEMIC WRITING ASSIGNMENT
Prepared by: Name (1):Naqib Bin Ahmad Batrod Matric No: 2012893128 Name (2): Muhd Fikri Bin Norulhisam Matric No: 2012850568 Group: AC111 3A
Nowadays, people use transport to move from one point to another point to do their daily activity such for working. Transportation will help them to accomplish the activity in short. It is because; travel by transport is faster rather than the movement of people by their own feet. In 18th century, the development of transport still at the lower level, it is because the narrow amount of transport’s developers, the high cost of equipment and lack of material sources. The improvement was made since the first vehicle was established in this world. According to GoCurrency (N.D), the first steam powered vehicle was designed by Nicolas- Joseph Cugnot and constructed by M.Brezin in1769. The revolution had been occurred year by year, and then in 1885, Karl Benz made the first car. In this globalization phase, the transportations have reached the high level of development. So, people will get more benefits from transportation service. Furthermore, transportation service had already provided by our government for the public user. It is the government initiative to solve the transportation service in this country. According to the statistic, Malaysian’s citizen that use public transport service will increase from year to year. So, government should provide better public transportation for them. There are many benefits why government should provide better public transportations which public transport can save money, can decrease the air pollution, and the systems are safer than the use of car.
The first benefit using public transport is to save consumer’s money (Metro Transit, 2008). It is cheaper than we use our own transport for travelling. In fact, it can be up to four times cheaper. Besides, we know that cars need fuel and gasoline for running, so we should spend more money and time for supplying these resources. For instance, averagely, the cost of one liter fuel for any car is RM1.90. If you have a small car, you need about 30 liter fuels for your car and you should spend RM57 money therefore this is not suitable and useful. Additionally, when your car needs fuel, you should go to the petrol station and spend a lot of time for fueling your car. Moreover, average household spends 18 percent on transportation, while 82 percent of this goes to buying, maintaining and operating cars. We can see the cost to facilitate and operating car is
highly expensive. According to Metro Transit, (2008), people who live in areas served by public transportation will save cost in congestion. In modern life we have to face with many problems one of which is traffic congestion becoming more serious day after day. It is said that the high volume of vehicles, the inadequate infrastructure and the irrational distribution of the development are main reasons for increasing traffic jam. According to Wikipedia, congestion pricing or congestion charges is a system of surcharging users of public goods that are subject to congestion through excess demand such as higher peak charges for use of bus services, electricity, metros, railways, telephones, and road pricing to reduce traffic congestion; airlines and shipping companies may be charged higher fees for slots at airports and through canals at busy times. So, the government will use congestion pricing method to reduce traffic by charging a fee to road users during rush hour. According to Metro Transit, (2008), It is estimated at RM49.23 per hour of person travel and RM 326.25 per hour of truck travel in 2007. In result, people may use public transport for travelling. In conclusion, taking public transport is better than travel with own car because it will reduce our expenses cost as fuel prices trend to increase more and more in these days and public transports can also avoid congestion pricing that implemented by government.
Public transportation helps promote cleaner air by reducing automobile use. According to Queensland Government (2013), “Public transport is at least twice as energy efficient as private cars”. A full bus produces 377 times less carbon monoxide than a fu ll car. Each fill standard bus can take more than 40 cars off the road while a full train can take more than 600 cars off the road. Car pollution reaches from water pollution to noise pollution, air pollution to global warming, to impacting human health. A study by Englebert (2011) found on-road motor vehicles not only release carbon dioxide (CO 2) but also oxides of Nitrogen (N), which contribute to the formation of acid rain. They are also precursor to the formation of ozone (smog), which damages the respiratory system and injures plants. In the West, around 6% of the population will die from air pollution and it is no surprise that the car industry is responsible for up to 80%of urban air
pollution. According to World Health Organization (2013), “Urban outdoor air pollution is estimated to cause 1.3 million deaths worldwide per year. Children are particularly at risk due to the immaturity of their respiratory organ systems”. In results exposure to the air pollution can cause health problem such as Asthma, Cataract, Lung cancer and others. A study by Englebert (2011) found that public transportation system reduce your carbon footprint. According to Wikipedia, carbon footprint can be defined as the total sets of greenhouse gas emission caused by an organization, event, product, or person. One person switching to public transport can cut annual carbon emissions by more than 4800 pounds. Communities that invest in public transit curb the nation’s carbon emissions by 37 million metric tons annually. If we compared with the city in USA that amount is equivalent to New York City, Washington D.C, Atlanta, Denver and Los Angeles stopping electricity. On individual scale, you can help your carbon dioxide emissions, and therefore your global warming impact, by changing your driving habits. Enjoy your next trip on bus or rail lines, take a nap, and all know it is more affordable and less stressful than driving own car.
The last benefit is public transportation systems are safer than the use of car (Taka, 2009). Public transportation continues to be one of the safest modes of travel in the Malaysia even in the world. In fact, riding a transit bus is 91 times safer than car travel. A large number of people are victimized with a car accident every year. In addition, so many people are even dead or seriously damaged by the accident. Malaysia has a very high number of accidents in the world. Based on statistic, usually the road accidents mostly occur during the festive days such as Hari Raya, Chinese New Year, Deepavali and so on. They are travelling in long distances for purpose to go back their hometown. There are few reasons why accidents happen in Malaysia such as speeding, road condition and road user that are not responsibility to others. According to MIROS (2011) in 2010, road deaths is 6872 and road accidents is 414, 421. On the other hand, public
transportations are well operated by a specialized company or government and all drivers or operators are well-trained to save costumers life. Every death caused by public transportation, the responsibility will be on the company that manages the system. If you wish to live longer or to have less risky life, you better choose public transportation. But when accidents involving public transportation occur, they often result in tragic personal injury or even deaths for many of the passenger involved. When you are the victim of the this kind of accident, there is no time to delay in seeking the aid of a professional bus accident injury lawyer to help you navigate the legal system and find laws and limitations that apply to your unique situation.
As a conclusion, the public transportation is one of the most important sectors of transportation in Malaysia as it helps citizens in any aspects. Government must look forward to give and serve citizens better public transportation. For example, now government of Malaysia implements one of the biggest projects in Malaysia and the largest infrastructure project in the country which is Mass Rapid Transit (MRT). MRT is under the government-owned company to restructure the city’s public transport system. It involves the construction of a railway network which will form the backbone of the Klang Valley’s public transport system. So, these projects will give satisfaction to all citizens and foreigners that are lived in Malaysia after accomplished in the several years.
References 1) Metro Transit. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.gometro.org/benefits 2) American Public Transportation Association. (2013) Retrieved from
http://www.apta.com/mediacenter/ptbenefits/Pages/default.aspx 3) Queensland Government. (2013). Retrieved from http://translink.com.au/abouttranslink/what-we-do/benefits-of-public-transport 4) Taka303. Retrieved from http://lang-8.com/25755/journals/302145 5) Englebert, A. (2011, November 15). Help Reduce Air Pollution By Using Public Transportation Systems. Retrieved from http://www.cereplast.com/help-reduceair-pollution-by-using-public-transportation-systems/ 6) Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research. (2013). General Road Accident Data in Malaysia (1995 – 2010). Retrieved from
http://www.miros.gov.my/web/guest/road
Prepared by: Name (1):Naqib Bin Ahmad Batrod Matric No: 2012893128 Name (2): Muhd Fikri Bin Norulhisam Matric No: 2012850568 Group: AC111 3A
Nowadays, people use transport to move from one point to another point to do their daily activity such for working. Transportation will help them to accomplish the activity in short. It is because; travel by transport is faster rather than the movement of people by their own feet. In 18th century, the development of transport still at the lower level, it is because the narrow amount of transport’s developers, the high cost of equipment and lack of material sources. The improvement was made since the first vehicle was established in this world. According to GoCurrency (N.D), the first steam powered vehicle was designed by Nicolas- Joseph Cugnot and constructed by M.Brezin in1769. The revolution had been occurred year by year, and then in 1885, Karl Benz made the first car. In this globalization phase, the transportations have reached the high level of development. So, people will get more benefits from transportation service. Furthermore, transportation service had already provided by our government for the public user. It is the government initiative to solve the transportation service in this country. According to the statistic, Malaysian’s citizen that use public transport service will increase from year to year. So, government should provide better public transportation for them. There are many benefits why government should provide better public transportations which public transport can save money, can decrease the air pollution, and the systems are safer than the use of car.
The first benefit using public transport is to save consumer’s money (Metro Transit, 2008). It is cheaper than we use our own transport for travelling. In fact, it can be up to four times cheaper. Besides, we know that cars need fuel and gasoline for running, so we should spend more money and time for supplying these resources. For instance, averagely, the cost of one liter fuel for any car is RM1.90. If you have a small car, you need about 30 liter fuels for your car and you should spend RM57 money therefore this is not suitable and useful. Additionally, when your car needs fuel, you should go to the petrol station and spend a lot of time for fueling your car. Moreover, average household spends 18 percent on transportation, while 82 percent of this goes to buying, maintaining and operating cars. We can see the cost to facilitate and operating car is
highly expensive. According to Metro Transit, (2008), people who live in areas served by public transportation will save cost in congestion. In modern life we have to face with many problems one of which is traffic congestion becoming more serious day after day. It is said that the high volume of vehicles, the inadequate infrastructure and the irrational distribution of the development are main reasons for increasing traffic jam. According to Wikipedia, congestion pricing or congestion charges is a system of surcharging users of public goods that are subject to congestion through excess demand such as higher peak charges for use of bus services, electricity, metros, railways, telephones, and road pricing to reduce traffic congestion; airlines and shipping companies may be charged higher fees for slots at airports and through canals at busy times. So, the government will use congestion pricing method to reduce traffic by charging a fee to road users during rush hour. According to Metro Transit, (2008), It is estimated at RM49.23 per hour of person travel and RM 326.25 per hour of truck travel in 2007. In result, people may use public transport for travelling. In conclusion, taking public transport is better than travel with own car because it will reduce our expenses cost as fuel prices trend to increase more and more in these days and public transports can also avoid congestion pricing that implemented by government.
Public transportation helps promote cleaner air by reducing automobile use. According to Queensland Government (2013), “Public transport is at least twice as energy efficient as private cars”. A full bus produces 377 times less carbon monoxide than a fu ll car. Each fill standard bus can take more than 40 cars off the road while a full train can take more than 600 cars off the road. Car pollution reaches from water pollution to noise pollution, air pollution to global warming, to impacting human health. A study by Englebert (2011) found on-road motor vehicles not only release carbon dioxide (CO 2) but also oxides of Nitrogen (N), which contribute to the formation of acid rain. They are also precursor to the formation of ozone (smog), which damages the respiratory system and injures plants. In the West, around 6% of the population will die from air pollution and it is no surprise that the car industry is responsible for up to 80%of urban air
pollution. According to World Health Organization (2013), “Urban outdoor air pollution is estimated to cause 1.3 million deaths worldwide per year. Children are particularly at risk due to the immaturity of their respiratory organ systems”. In results exposure to the air pollution can cause health problem such as Asthma, Cataract, Lung cancer and others. A study by Englebert (2011) found that public transportation system reduce your carbon footprint. According to Wikipedia, carbon footprint can be defined as the total sets of greenhouse gas emission caused by an organization, event, product, or person. One person switching to public transport can cut annual carbon emissions by more than 4800 pounds. Communities that invest in public transit curb the nation’s carbon emissions by 37 million metric tons annually. If we compared with the city in USA that amount is equivalent to New York City, Washington D.C, Atlanta, Denver and Los Angeles stopping electricity. On individual scale, you can help your carbon dioxide emissions, and therefore your global warming impact, by changing your driving habits. Enjoy your next trip on bus or rail lines, take a nap, and all know it is more affordable and less stressful than driving own car.
The last benefit is public transportation systems are safer than the use of car (Taka, 2009). Public transportation continues to be one of the safest modes of travel in the Malaysia even in the world. In fact, riding a transit bus is 91 times safer than car travel. A large number of people are victimized with a car accident every year. In addition, so many people are even dead or seriously damaged by the accident. Malaysia has a very high number of accidents in the world. Based on statistic, usually the road accidents mostly occur during the festive days such as Hari Raya, Chinese New Year, Deepavali and so on. They are travelling in long distances for purpose to go back their hometown. There are few reasons why accidents happen in Malaysia such as speeding, road condition and road user that are not responsibility to others. According to MIROS (2011) in 2010, road deaths is 6872 and road accidents is 414, 421. On the other hand, public
transportations are well operated by a specialized company or government and all drivers or operators are well-trained to save costumers life. Every death caused by public transportation, the responsibility will be on the company that manages the system. If you wish to live longer or to have less risky life, you better choose public transportation. But when accidents involving public transportation occur, they often result in tragic personal injury or even deaths for many of the passenger involved. When you are the victim of the this kind of accident, there is no time to delay in seeking the aid of a professional bus accident injury lawyer to help you navigate the legal system and find laws and limitations that apply to your unique situation.
As a conclusion, the public transportation is one of the most important sectors of transportation in Malaysia as it helps citizens in any aspects. Government must look forward to give and serve citizens better public transportation. For example, now government of Malaysia implements one of the biggest projects in Malaysia and the largest infrastructure project in the country which is Mass Rapid Transit (MRT). MRT is under the government-owned company to restructure the city’s public transport system. It involves the construction of a railway network which will form the backbone of the Klang Valley’s public transport system. So, these projects will give satisfaction to all citizens and foreigners that are lived in Malaysia after accomplished in the several years.
References 1) Metro Transit. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.gometro.org/benefits 2) American Public Transportation Association. (2013) Retrieved from
http://www.apta.com/mediacenter/ptbenefits/Pages/default.aspx 3) Queensland Government. (2013). Retrieved from http://translink.com.au/abouttranslink/what-we-do/benefits-of-public-transport 4) Taka303. Retrieved from http://lang-8.com/25755/journals/302145 5) Englebert, A. (2011, November 15). Help Reduce Air Pollution By Using Public Transportation Systems. Retrieved from http://www.cereplast.com/help-reduceair-pollution-by-using-public-transportation-systems/ 6) Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research. (2013). General Road Accident Data in Malaysia (1995 – 2010). Retrieved from
http://www.miros.gov.my/web/guest/road
