Musical Styles

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BAROQUE
Christie Ann Wee (6) 4E
Style Characteristics/Features Examples
Concerto Grosso Small group of soloists pitted against a larger group of players (tutti) 1st and
last movement in ritornello form.
Brandenburg Concerto No.5 in D Major-J.S.
Bach
Fugue Polyphonic composition based on 1 main theme (subject). Different melodic
lines (voices) imitate the subject. Usually includes 3,4 or 5 voices. SATB. A
prelude is usually played before it.
Organ Fugue in G Minor-J.S Bach
Opera Drama that is sung to orchestral accompaniment. Characters and plot
are revealed through song, rather than speech. Includes an Aria -> a
song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment, and an outpouring
of melody that expresses an emotional state. A recitative is often
included -> vocal line that imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of
speech
Orfeo - Claudio Monterverdi
Baroque Sonata A composition in several movements for 1 to 8 instruments. Often
composed as trio sonatas (3 melodic lines which included 2 high lines
and a basso continuo) Involves 4 instrumentalists. Sonata da chiesa
(church sonata) vs Sonata da camera (chamber sonata)
Trio Sonata in A Minor Op.3, No. 10-Arcangelo
Corelli
Solo Concerto
A piece for a single soloists and an orchestra. Includes instruments such as
violin, solo flute, piccolo, cello, bassoon etc.
Spring (La Primavera), Concerto for Violin and
String Orchestra, Op.8 No.1, from The Four
Seasons -Antonio Vivaldi
Mass
Religious songs set to religious texts, played in churches as a form of worship
and reverence to God. Parts of the liturgy include Kyrie eleison (Lord have
mercy), Gloria (Glory be to God in the highest), Credo (I believe), Sanctus
(Holy, holy, holy), Benedictus (Blessed be he who comes in the name of the
Lord) and the Agnus Dei (Lamb of God).
Mass in B Minor -J.S. Bach
Suites
Dance inspired movements for solo instruments, small groups and
orchestras. Made up of movements that are all written in the same key but
differ in tempo, meter and character. Allemande (moderately paced),
Sarabande (slow and solemn), gigue (fast). Movements are usually in a 2 part
form, AA BB
Suite No. 3 in D Major -J.S. Bach
BAROQUE
Christie Ann Wee (6) 4E




















Chorale
A hymn tune usually sung to a German religious text. Easy to sing and
remember, having only one note to a syllable and moving in steady rhythm.
They were tunes that had been composed in 16th-17th Centuries or had
been adapted from folk songs and Catholic hymns.
Chorale Cantata-J.S. Bach
Cantata
A piece that is sung, usually written for chorus, vocal soloists, organ and a
small orchestra. Had a German religious text, either newly written or from the
Bible.
Cantata No. 140: Wachet auf, ruft uns die
Stimme (Awake a Voice is Calling Us) -J.S. Bach
Oratorio
Large scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra usually set
to a narrative text. Different from opera as it has no acting, scenery or
costume. Based on biblical stories but they are not usually intended for
religious services. Performed in concert halls or churches.
Messiah - George Frideric Handel
CLASSICAL
Christie Ann Wee (6) 4E

Sonata Form
Refers to the form of a single movement. 3 main sections: Exposition
(presentation of themes), Development (themes are treated in new ways) and
Recapitulation (themes return). Concludes with a Coda.
Symphony NO. 40 in G Minor, K. 550 - W.A.
Mozart
Theme and
Variations
Exists as an independent piece or as one movement of a symphony, sonata
or string quartet. Theme is repeated over and over and is changed each time.
Each variation is usually about the same length as the theme, but it includes
changes in melody, rhythm, harmony, accompaniment, dynamics, or tone
colour.
Symphoony No. 94 in G Major (Surprise)- Joseph
Haydn
Minuet and Trio
Often used as the 3rd movement of classical symphonies and string quartets.
The minuet movement is written for listening, not dancing. It is in triple meter
and in moderate tempo. It has an ABA form, with the trio being usually quieter
than the minuet section and requiring fewer instruments. It often includes
woodwind solos.
Eine Kleine Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music) -
W.A. Mozart
Rondo
It can be used as an independent piece or as 1 movement of a symphony,
string quartet or sonata. However, it often serves as a finale because of its
liveliness bring a sense of conclusion. Features a tuneful main theme (A)
which returns several times in alternation with other themes. It is usually lively,
pleasing and simple to remember. ABACA form.
String Quartet in C Minor, Op.18, No.4 -Ludwig
Van Beethoven

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