Project Report on Vpn

(June 2008 TO December 2008) ON SIX MONTHS INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT

Tulip Telecom Limited
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology [B.TECH]

SUBMITTED TO: Mr. Parikshit (HOD Computer Deptt.)

SUBMITTED BY: Pravesh CSE – 7th Semester 510031259

PUNJAB COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

[Affiliated to Punjab Technical University]

“VPN TECHNOLOGY” An Integral Part Of Networking

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation/project report (Course code) entitled “VPN TECHNOLOGY-An Integral Part Of Networking” done by Mr. PRAVESH Enrollment No. 510031259 is an authentic work carried out by him at “TULIP TELECOM LTD”, under my guidance. The matter embodied in this project work has not been submitted earlier for the award of any degree or diploma to the best of my knowledge and belief.

Date: the Guide

Signature of

For Telecom Ltd.

Tulip

Self Certificate

This is to certify that dissertation/project report entitled “VPN TECHNOLOGYAn Integral Part Of Networking” done by me is an authentic work carried out for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of B.TECH[CSE] under the guidance of DARSHAN PATHAK. Mr. .ANURAG SOOD & Mr.

The matter embodied in this project work has not been submitted earlier for award of any degree or diploma to the best of my knowledge and belief.

PRAVESH 510031259

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This Industrial Training project is not the result of only my hard work but there are so many peoples are involved in this project. I greatly and heartily thanks to all of them for their contribution in this project. Special thanks to my talented and polite guides Mr. Anurag Sood, Mr. Darshan Pathak & Mr. Bhanu Sharma without them the my training would not be successful. They worked on this project as developmental editor and advisor and offered their help generously when needed in every aspect of my training. Thanks for their technical help for scrutinizing every problem I faced during this tenure of training. To the guide colleges who has done more than I can guess to keep this project in order and on schedule. I wish them luck with their lives, and hope we will meet soon in a future project. Finally, this project is completed with the Bless of Almighty God and my Parents affections and my faith in God.

PREFACE
This work has been done as a part of industrial training. This Purpose of industrial training is to familiarize the students with the present working environment in country and outside To provide the students with the opportunity to study the latest technical trends those have been established as well as one that what they are learning during the period of industrial training will certainly help them to develop their potential and technical skills.

As part of our industrial training we undertook a project in WAN CONNECTIVITY THROUGH VPN, Chandigarh. During our stay here we learnt how an actual project progress and what sort of problems that actually occur throughout the project. At last with all my sincere gratitude we would like to thank my friends and project guide for their efforts to help in development of project.

Introduction and Background
About TULIP TELECOM Ltd.

Tulip Telecom Ltd is an INDIA based data communication services provider company. Tulip’s product port folio includes network integration, which not only includes designing and developing networks for its clients but also managing them.

Besides this Tulip is also engaged in wireless connectivity which provides a range of point to point and point to multi-point wireless applications. Tulip’s network covers more than 1,000 cities and towns, has over 50,000 links for approximately more than 600 customers that include organizations across all verticals such as BFSI, telecom, logistics, retail, the government and manufacturing.

What adds to the company’s credibility is the quality of the network it has been successful in providing to the interiors of many states. Tulip’s worth mentioning Akshaya project in Malappuram district of Kerala is based on last mile connectivity model which provides an area wide data connectivity network with an always-on internet model that runs on fiber and reaches connectivity to the last mile on wireless in much less cost and time.

According to a Frost and Sullivan report, Tulip Telecom is the largest MPLS VPN service provider with a market share of 28%.

Tulip was also short-listed as one of the 6 finalists in the Asia Innovation Awards by the Wall Street Journal at GES Singapore for its innovative use of wireless on the Last Mile

Tulip Connect
We provide both inter-city as well as intra-city connectivity based upon the clients’ requirements. Tulip inter-city network is based on optical fiber cable provided by multiple service providers. The network is created in mesh architecture so that if any link does fail, there are multiple alternate routes available. Consequently, Tulip network has an inbuilt redundancy and provides the highest levels of uptime. In addition, Tulip has expanded its network reach to more than 300 cities in India and thus we can provide you connectivity anywhere in India. The last mile connectivity is entirely based on wireless, using radio frequency technology in Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint applications. Licensed frequencies are in major cities to overcome the interference issues.  Highest levels of uptime with built-in redundancies  One of the largest networks in the country  Bandwidth on demand, upgrade in minutes  Managed MPLS enabled network  Immediate connectivity and co-location services  World class design, converged voice, data, video network  Single point for bandwidth and network equipment

Prestigious Clients

Our list of clients includes prestigious companies like the largest banks, service providers, media companies, government enterprises, call centers / BPO's and corporates.

Rural Connectivity

Tulip IT Services was selected as the service provider for Malappuram after they came up with a cost-effective and terrain-friendly last-mile solutions for the Akshaya Internet community centres housed there. All the options for connectivity, like fiber, cable and leased line, were explored by the state. Given the undulating hilly and highly vegetated terrain of the place, wireless emerged as the most feasible option in terms of cost and logistics in the deployment of the network. Malappuram now has a well-considered hybrid connectivity infrastructure, through a mix of wireless technologies like WipLL, Vine and 802.11.b WiFi with multiple redundancies. The backbone redundancy was provided through fiber. The 550 Akshaya e-centres are connected in a LAN environment, which, in turn, are connected to a Network Operating Centre (NOC). The NOC have direct connectivity with the Internet backbone. The NOC infrastructure would ensure browsing at no cost to users in the network. This would mean that the entire district is converted into "a small wired office" seamlessly interconnected with linkages to three world-class purveyors of the technology. Each Akshaya centre now caters to the needs of 1,000-1,500 households, enabling each to benefit from the advantages of Internet connectivity. The Malappuram experiment is only a pilot, to be replicated in phases over the entire State. As the locations of these centres are strategically planned and

spatially distributed, they will form a powerful network to guide and support the e-governance initiatives, community development interventions, ecommerce and information dissemination. The connectivity infrastructure which is established through the Akshaya project, i.e., network and backbone, network centre, software, Internet access and management, can also be used to connect, apart from Akshaya centres, all panchayat offices, village offices and departmental offices spread across the district.

GENERAL BUSINESS PERCENATAGE

Abstract
VPN stands for “VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK”. “VPN SYSTEM” as the name says is :
1) Network: topology where various hosts are physically connected to

each other.
2) Virtual: it ia virtual because hosts are not physically connected but,

connected virtually using WIRELESS Systems.
3) Private: it is private because all the clients feels as the whole network

is configured privately only for their usage which is actually not true. Hence VPN system is combination of all the above three aspects of networking. This VPN application is a complete solution for Clients specially using distributive system environment where the Client keeps track of details regarding his / her remote location sites/offices to the Head-office site. This application can be used in two ways:
1) Point-to-Point: where there is direct link b/w two sites of client the

service provider has no interference in this type of connectivity.
2) Multi-Point: where there is connectivity of many clients from a

particular location all sharing some allotted bandwidth. Using VPN connectivity Client can access directly to all remote location same as they would have accessed it while physically present there.

INTRODUCTION TO VPN
The World has changed a lot in the last couple of decades. Instead of simply dealing with local or regional concerns, many businesses now have to think about global markets and logistics. Many companies have facilities spread out across the country or around the world, and there is one thing that all of them need: A way to maintain fast, secure and reliable communication wherever their offices are. Virtual Private Network

Image courtesy Cisco Systems, Inc. A typical VPN might have a main LAN at the corporate headquarters of a company, other LANs at remote offices or facilities and individual users connecting from out in the field.

Until fairly recently, this has meant the use of leased lines to maintain a Wide Area Network (WAN). Leased lines, ranging from ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network, 128 Kbps) to OC3 (Optical Carrier-3, 155 Mbps) fiber, provided a company with a way to expand its private network beyond its immediate geographic area. A WAN had obvious advantages over a public network like the Internet when it came to reliability, performance and security. But maintaining a WAN, particularly when using leased lines, can become quite expensive and often rises in cost as the distance between the offices increases.

As the popularity of the Internet grew, businesses turned to it as a means of extending their own networks. First came Intranets, which are passwordprotected sites designed for use only by company employees. Now, many companies are creating their own VPN (virtual private network) to accommodate the needs of remote employees and distant offices.

Basically, a VPN is a private network that uses a public network (usually the Internet) to connect remote sites or users together. Instead of using a dedicated, real-world connection such as leased line, a VPN uses "virtual" connections routed through the Internet from the company's private network to the remote site or employee. In this article, you will gain a fundamental understanding of VPNs, and learn about basic VPN components, technologies, tunneling and security.

WHAT MAKES A VPN ?

A well-designed VPN can greatly benefit a company. For example, it can:
• • • • • • • • • •

Extend geographic connectivity Improve security Reduce operational costs versus traditional WAN Reduce transit time and transportation costs for remote users Improve productivity Simplify network topology Provide global networking opportunities Provide telecommuter support Provide broadband networking compatibility Provide faster ROI (return on investment) than traditional WAN

What features are needed in a well-designed VPN? It should incorporate:
• • • • •

Security Reliability Scalability Network management Policy management

TYPES OF VPN

Examples of the three types of VPN

There are in general two types of VPN: 1) Remote Access VPN 2) Site-to-Site VPN

SITE-TO-SITE VPN is further classified as: 1) INTERNET VPN 2) INTRANET VPN

Remote-Access VPN
.

Remote-access, also called a virtual private dial-up network (VPDN), is a user-to-LAN connection used by a company that has employees who need to connect to the private network from various remote locations. Typically, a corporation that wishes to set up a large remote-access VPN will outsource to an Enterprise Service Provider (ESP). The ESP sets up a Network Access Server (NAS) and provides the remote users with desktop client software for their computers. The telecommuters can then dial a toll-free number to reach the NAS and use their VPN client software to access the corporate network.

Site-to-Site VPN

Through the use of dedicated equipment and large-scale encryption, a company can connect multiple fixed sites over a public network such as the Internet. Site-to-site VPNs can be one of two types:
•

Intranet-based - If a company has one or more remote

locations that they wish to join in a single private network, they can create an intranet VPN to connect LAN to LAN.
•

Extranet-based - When a company has a close relationship

with another company (for example, a partner, supplier or customer), they can build an extranet VPN that connects LAN to LAN, and that allows all of the various companies to work in a shared environment.

VPN SECURITY

As we know that security is very important for any system in such way VPN system is also uses many security techniques. A well-designed VPN uses several methods for keeping your connection and data secure:

• • • •

Firewalls Encryption IPSec AAA Server

FIREWALLS

A Firewall provides a strong barrier between your private network and the Internet. You can set firewalls to restrict the number of open ports, what type of packets are passed through and which protocols are allowed through. Some VPN products, such as CISCO 1700 series router, can be upgraded to include firewall capabilities by running the appropriate Cisco IOS on them. You should already have a good firewall in place before you implement a VPN, but a firewall can also be used to terminate the VPN sessions

ENCRYPTION
Encryption is the process of taking all the data that one computer is sending to another and encoding it into a form that only the other computer will be able to decode. Most Computer encryption techniques belong to one of two categories: Symmetric-key encryption Public-key encryption

• • •

In symmetric-key encryption, each computer has a secret key (code) that it can use to encrypt a packet of information before it is sent over the network to another computer. Symmetric-key requires that you know which computers will be talking to each other so you can install the key on each one. Symmetric-key encryption is essentially the same as a secret code that each of the two computers must know in order to decode the information. The code provides the key to decoding the message. Think of it like this: You create a coded message to send to a friend in which each letter is substituted with the letter that is two down from it in the alphabet. So "A" becomes "C," and "B" becomes "D". You have already told a trusted friend that the code is "Shift by 2". Your friend gets the message and decodes it. Anyone else who sees the message will see only nonsense.

Public-key encryption uses a combination of a private key and a public key. The private key is known only to your computer, while the public key is given by your computer to any computer that wants to communicate securely with it. To decode an encrypted message, a computer must use the public key, provided by the originating computer, and its own private key. A very popular public-key encryption utility is called Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), which allows you to encrypt almost anything. You can find out more about PGP at thr PGP site.

IPSec

Internet Protocol Security Protocol (IPSec) provides enhanced security features such as better encryption algorithms and more comprehensive authentication.

Photo courtesy Cisco Systems, Inc.

A remote-access VPN utilizing IPSec

IPSec has two encryption modes: tunnel and transport. Tunnel encrypts the header and the payload of each packet while transport only encrypts the payload. Only systems that are IPSec compliant can take advantage of this protocol. Also, all devices must use a common key and the firewalls of each network must have very similar security policies set up. IPSec can encrypt data between various devices, such as:
• • • •

Router to router Firewall to router PC to router PC to server

AAA Servers

AAA (authentication, authorization and accounting) servers are used for more secure access in a remote-access VPN environment. When a request to establish a session comes in from a dial-up client, the request is proxied to the AAA server. AAA then checks the following: Who you are (authentication) What you are allowed to do (authorization) What you actually do (accounting)

•

•

•

The accounting information is especially useful for tracking client use for security auditing, billing or reporting purposes.

CONCEPT OF TUNNELING

Most VPNs rely on tunneling to create a private network that reaches across the Internet. Essentially, tunneling is the process of placing an entire packet within another packet and sending it over a network. The protocol of the outer packet is understood by the network and both points, called tunnel interfaces, where the packet enters and exits the network. Tunneling requires three different protocols:
•

Carrier protocol - The protocol used by the network that the

information is travelling over Encapsulating protocol - The protocol (GRE, IPSec, L2F,

•

PPTP, L2TP) that is wrapped around the original data Passenger protocol - The original data (IPX, NetBeui, IP)

•

being carried Tunneling has amazing implications for VPNs. For example, you can place a packet that uses a protocol not supported on the Internet (such as NetBeui) inside an IP packet and send it safely over the Internet. Or you could put a packet that uses a private (non-routable) IP address inside a packet that uses a globally unique IP address to extend a private network over the Internet.

A Tunneling Demonstration

Site-to-Site Tunneling

In a site-to-site VPN, GRE (generic routing encapsulation) is normally the encapsulating protocol that provides the framework for how to package the passenger protocol for transport over the carrier protocol, which is typically IP-based. This includes information on what type of packet you are encapsulating and information about the connection between the client and server. Instead of GRE, IPSec in tunnel mode is sometimes used as the encapsulating protocol. IPSec works well on both remote-access and siteto-site VPNs. IPSec must be supported at both tunnel interfaces to use

Remote-Access Tunneling

In a remote-access VPN, tunneling normally takes place using PPP. Part of the TCP/IP stack, PPP is the carrier for other IP protocols when communicating over the network between the host computer and a remote system. Remote-access VPN tunneling relies on PPP.

Each of the protocols listed below were built using the basic structure of PPP and are used by remote-access VPNs.
•

L2F (Layer 2 Forwarding) - Developed by Cisco, L2F will use PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) - PPTP was

any authentication scheme supported by PPP.
•

created by the PPTP Forum, a consortium which includes US Robotics, Microsoft, 3COM, Ascend and ECI Telematics. PPTP supports 40-bit and 128-bit encryption and will use any authentication scheme supported by PPP.
•

L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) - L2TP is the product of a

partnership between the members of the PPTP Forum, Cisco and the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). Combining features of both PPTP and L2F, L2TP also fully supports IPSec. L2TP can be used as a tunneling protocol for site-to-site VPNs as well as remote-access VPNs. In fact, L2TP can create a tunnel between:
• • •

Client and router NAS and router Router and router

The truck is the carrier protocol, the box is the encapsulating protocol and the computer is the passenger protocol.

Think of tunneling as having a computer delivered to you by UPS. The vendor packs the computer (passenger protocol) into a box (encapsulating protocol) which is then put on a UPS truck (carrier protocol) at the vendor's warehouse (entry tunnel interface). The truck (carrier protocol) travels over the highways (Internet) to your home (exit tunnel interface) and delivers the computer. You open the box (encapsulating protocol) and remove the computer (passenger protocol). Tunneling is just that simple!

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LIFE CYCLE OF VPN CONNECTIVITY

1. CUSTOMER REQUIRMENT. 2. SURVEY 3. ANALYSIS BY PROJECT TEAM 4. LINK INSTALLATION BY ENGG. 5. TUNNEL CREATION BY NOC (NETWORK OPERATION CONTROL) 6. LOAD TESTING & CUSTOMER ACCEPTANCE

Customer Requirement

Every system has a life cycle so as that VPN too have a life cycle the life cycle of any VPN begins with customer requirement face. Generally the requirement of the customer is of two types

a) If a company has one or more remote locations that they wish to join in a single private network, they can create an intranet VPN to connect LAN to LAN b) When a company has a close relationship with another company (for example, a partner, supplier or customer), they can build an extranet VPN that connects LAN to LAN, and that allows all of the various companies to work in a shared environment.

Depending on the requirement tulip send its sales person for further queries. Like that of the bandwidth required, what kind of data transfer will it be voice or simple file transfer, or he wants to run a application like SAP or other. Sales officer tells the approximations of the link installation. And he forwards a report to the back office for the survey report. Then afterwards the project manager decides the team size to implement the different links .

After this team is decided which includes engineers and riggers .

CASE STUDIES OF WORK PERFORMED IN INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT TULIP TELECOM LIMITED.

SUBMITTED BY: PRAVESH

CASE STUDIES
The following is the CASE STUDIES of the various work performed in the period of Industrial Training (w.e.f 08 ) at TULIP TELECOM LIMITED. The followed is the details of all the work performed at both client as well as Tulip Side. The work at TULIP is of following types : 1) New Installation. 2) Trouble-Shooting the installed Link at Client Side. 3) Inspection of the CPE (Client Premises Equipments).
4) VOIP PHONES

5) VIDEO CONFRENSING New Installation : New installation includes installing all the equipments i.e 1) Subscriber Premises Radio (SPR) / Modem. 2) Router (CISCO or HUEWII mainly) 3) Power Over Ethernet (PoE) 4) Antenna and Feeder(2.7MHz or 5.3 MHz)

TROUBLE-SHOOTING : Trouble-shooting includes the checking of the system and diagnosing the reasons for the fault which causes the malfunctioning the link at client side. There can be many reasons of malfunctioning of the link at client side. Some of them is specified below: 1) Wireless connectivity affected due to bad alignment of the antenna because the Wireless System work on Radio Frequency (RF) which uses LINE -OF-SIGHT for connectivity. 2) There can be seepage of water in Pictal which causes carbon deposition on the pin of cable hence disconnecting the link. 3) Frequency Interference. 4) Conflicting IP.
5)

Cable Breakage and Hanging of Equipments due to Bad Environmental Condition.

INSPECTION OF CPE : Inspection includes checking the Client Side Equipments (CPE) regularly for their better working of Link.

Following is the work done while performing inspection at client site : 1) The inspection procedure includes checking the earthing voltage at client premises. 2) Checking the condition of equipments whether the are well maintained or not. 3) Checking the bandwidth given to the client and IP Schema of the client. 4) Checking whether the physical topology of the equipments is as per the Network Diagram i.e. First Modem, than Router, than to switch and finally towards the LAN.

FIREPRO WIRELESS MODEMS

Firepro is an emerging leader of Point-to-Multipoint (PtMP) Fixed
Firepro deliver Point-to-Multipoint and point-to-point solutions for both licensed and unlicensed spectrums. We also provide breakthrough in self-install, scalability, Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) coverage, State of the art QoS, Video, VoIP and various other applications..... Multiple Configuration Options Supports Multiple Applications Modular Design Dual Band Radio

WINBOX : SOFTWARE REQUIRED FOR CONFIGURATION OF FIREPRO
MODEM

CONFIGURATION:
THIS IMAGE SHOWS ALL THE CONFIGURATION OF THE MODEM

BANDWIDTH

THIS IMAGE REPRESENTS THE BANDWIDTH OF THE MODEM

Link installation

Based on the survey report recommendation link installation phase begins in following steps 1. Type of modem to be used. 2. Antenna required

Installation of Airspan Modem

BSR The BSR, installed at the Base Station, is an encased outdoor radio module providing a 9 pin D-type port for RS-232 serial interface and a 15 pin D-type port for data, synchronization, and power interfaces. The BSR is available in two models: BSR with an integral antenna (BSR 900 MHz TDD V-pol); BSR with two N-type ports (displayed below) for attaching up to two external antennas (BSR 900 MHz TDD Dual Ext).

SPR
The SPR is an encased CPE outdoor radio module providing access to a 15 pin Dtype port for Ethernet, serial, and power interfaces. The SPR model is available in two models: SPR with an integral antenna (SPRL 900MHz TDD V-pol) and SPR with an N-type port for attaching an external antenna (SPR 900MHz TDD Ext).

Site preparation and planning

When preparing and planning the site, ensure the following: 1. Minimum obstructions (e.g. buildings) in the radio path between the Base Station radio (i.e. BSR) and the subscriber radios (i.e. SPR/IDR). 2. Minimum incursions on Fresnel Zone (recommended minimum of 60% clearance of first Fresnel Zone).

-Minimum multipath fading: Some of the transmitted signals may be reflected from a nearby building, by water under the signal path, or from any other reflectors. This reflected ("bounced") signal can then be received by the radio receiving the signal and superimposed on the main received signal, thereby, degrading the signal strength. Airspan recommends installing the outdoor radios at the rear of the building’s roof instead of the front. When you install at the rear, the front of the building blocks incoming signals from multipath reflections. - Clean frequencies selected from Spectrum Analyzer results (see Chapters 9 and 13).

- Maximum received signal strength (RSS) at CPE by antenna alignment: For the IDR, RSS can be measured by the IDR's built-in RSS LEDs; for the SPR, RSS can be measured by Airspan’s WipConfig program or by connecting Airspan's RSS LED Plug Adapter. - Radios are mounted as far as possible from sources of interference that could degrade performance of radio. Ensure a minimum of 1-meter separation between co-located outdoor units. Radios mounted as high as possible to avoid obstructions and to increase link quality.

-BSR and SPR/IDR are within maximum range of reception. -Maximum length of 100 meters CAT-5 cable connecting outdoor radio units to indoor terminating units. - Sufficient wiring conduit and cable ties to channel and protect the CAT 5 cable connecting the outdoor radio to the indoor hub/switch. - Required power source is available at the site.

External antenna consideration
In some scenarios, where capacity demand is relatively low, external omnidirectional antenna use at the Base Station may seem attractive. However, it is recommended to avoid using omni-directional antennas (ifpossible), due to the following disadvantages that these antennas pose compared to directional antennas: - Higher sensitivity to external interferences. - Higher sensitivity to multipath, resulting in the following: - The root mean square (RMS) delay spread at the Base Station is substantially higher. -Multipath interference at the CPE side (when using omni-directional antenna at the Base Station) is

substantially higher. In fact, when using an omni-directional antenna, the existence of clear Fresnel zone between BSR and SPR/IDR is insufficient to eliminate multipath interference, since multipath, in this case, can be caused by reflections originating from obstacles outside the Fresnel zone. - Higher sensitivity to alignment. Since the omni-directional antenna gain is achieved by narrowing the vertical beam width, a relatively low deviation in the antenna alignment will result in severe signal attenuation

Transmit Power and Cable Loss

Airspan’s AS WipLL radios provide transmit power compensation for power attenuation caused by cable loss(of cable connecting to external antenna). Cable loss is the loss of radio transmit (Tx) power as heat, and directly proportional to cable length and quality, and operating frequency. In accordance with FCC regulations, when operating in unlicensed bands, the external antennas must provide an EIRP of ≤ 36 dBm to prevent Interference with other radios. EIRP is defined as max. Power To define BSR transmit power taking into consideration cable loss (using WipManage):

1.In the BSR Zoom window, from the Configuration menu, point to RF, and then choose Power Settings. 2. Ensure the Power Management Mode Active check box is cleared. On the Power Level slide ruler, define the BSR’s maximum power level, e.g. 23 dBm. 3. In the Loss Compensation field, enter the power to compensate for power attenuation due to cable length (i.e. cable loss compensation), e.g. 4 dB. 4. Click Apply, and then reset the BSR to apply the new power settings. Therefore, taking cable loss into consideration, the total power level of 27 dBm (23 plus 4) is achieved.

Mounting of out door Radio units

Pole Mounting The BSR and SPR can be pole mounted to avoid radio wave obstructions between BSR and SPR. The supplied pole-mounting bracket is designed to support the BSR/SPR on a round pole of 45mm diameter.

To pole mount the BSR/SPR

1. Attach the mounting bracket to the BSR/SPR using two stainless steel bolts. 2. Attach the clamping bracket to the mounting bracket using two M8-stainless steel bolts. 3. Attach the Clamping bracket to the pole by placing the two U-bolts around the pole, and then inserting the U-bolt through the Clamping bracket and securing it by screwing the two bolts on the U-bolt. 4. Adjust the vertical position of the BSR/SPR. Lock the BSR/SPR at the desired position by inserting the locking bolt in the desired position. Once the correct angle has been set both bolts must be tightened to lock the BSR/SPR bracket in place. 5. Adjust the BSR/SPR horizontal position by rotating the BSR/SPR about the pole, and then tightens the Ubolt.BSR/SPR positioning is obtained in two planes by adjustment of the mounting bracket assembly as shown in the figure below.

Cabling
5 BSR-to-BSDU Cabling The BSR interfaces with the provider’s backbone through the BSDU (or SDA). The BSR connects to the BSDU using a CAT 5 cable. (The BSRto-SDA cabling is the same as SPR-to-SDA cabling.

Cable connection 1. Connect the 15-pin D-type male connector to the BSR’s 15-pin port. 2. Connect the 15-pin D-type male connector, at the other end of the CAT 5 cable, to one of the BSDU’s 15-pin D-type ports labeled BSR, located on the BSDU’s rear panel.

SPR-to-SDA Cabling

The SPR interfaces with the subscriber’s Ethernet network (LAN) through the SDA. The SPR connects to the SDA using a CAT 5 cable.

6

Cable connection 1. Connect the 15-pin D-type male connector, at one end of the CAT 5 cable, to the SPR’s 15-pin port.

2. Connect the 15-pin D-type male connector, at the other end of the CAT 5 cable, to the SDA’s 15-pinD-type

Software Installation AS WipLL provides two main configuration and management tools: WipManage and WipConfig. Before installing these tools, ensure that the following system requirements are fulfill. Hardware requirements: 1.CPU 400 MHz minimum (recommended 1,000 MHz or more) 2. RAM 256 MB (recommended 512 MB or more) 3.Display adapter memory 8 MB 4.Graphics 1024 x 768 (recommended 1024 x 768 or more) 5.Minimum free hard disk space 500 MB (recommended 2 GB or more) 6.Network adapter 10/100 Mbps Software requirements – operating systems: 1.Microsoft™ Windows™ NT 4 work station (English only) SP 3.0 or higher 2.Microsoft™ Windows™ 2000 Professional 3.Microsoft™ Windows™ XP Professional

Initial Configuration To successfully establish an air and network link between the BSR and SPRs/IDRs, the following initial configuration settings (using WipConfig) must exist:
1.

Correct IP and subnet addresses configured (according to your network addressing scheme) Correct BSR's Air MAC address configured for BSR Correct BSR's Air MAC address assigned to SPRs/IDRs Identical frequency table configured for BSR and SPRs/IDRs Identical maximum transmission rate configured for BSR and SPRs/IDRs dentical mode (i.e. router or bridge) configured for BSR and SPRs/IDRs

2. 3. 4. 5.

6.

Default settings:Airspan’s factory default settings for the AS WipLL devices are listed in the following table:

BSR Initialization
To perform BSR initial configuration: 1. Connect the PC running WipConfig to the BSR using serial cabling. 2. Start WipConfig. 3. On the toolbar, in the Communication group, select the Serial option, and then click the Connect button,WipConfig connects to the BSR. 4. Apply factory defaults to the BSR, by performing the following: a. b. c. On the toolbar, click the Set Factory Default button; A Warning message box appears. Click Yes to confirm applying factory defaults to the BSR; A Warning message box appears. Click Yes to confirm BSR reset; WipConfig applies the default settings to the SPR/IDR. 5. From the Mode drop-down list, select Bridge (i.e. for transparent bridge mode). 6. In the Network Configuration group, enter the following fields: --Eth IP Address: enter the BSR’s IP address (e.g. 10.0.0.10) --Eth Subnet Mask: enter the BSR’s subnet address (e.g. 255.255.255.0) --Default Gateway: enter the BSR’s default gateway’s IP address if relevant

7. In the RF Configuration group, enter the following fields: --Air MAC Address: enter the BSR’s Air MAC address (0x0000 through 0xFFFF), e.g. 0x1200 --Frequency Table ID: enter frequency table number used by BSR (0 through 63) 8. On the toolbar, click the Write button. 9. On the toolbar, click the Reset button to reset the BSR; A Warning message box appears. 10. Click Yes to confirm BSR reset. The figure below displays the BSR configured in the bridge mode.

SPR Initialization
To perform SPR/IDR initial configuration: 1. Connect the PC running WipConfig to the SPR/IDR using serial cabling. 2. Start WipConfig. 3. On the toolbar, in the Communication group, select the Serial option, and then click the Connect button,WipConfig connects to the SPR/IDR. 4. Apply factory defaults to the SPR/IDR, by performing the following: a. On the toolbar, click the Set Factory Default button; A Warning message box appears. b. Click Yes to confirm; A Warning message box appears. c. Click Yes to confirm SPR/IDR reset; WipConfig applies the default settings to the SPR/IDR. 5. From the Bridge Mode drop-down list, select Bridge (i.e. transparent bridge mode). 6. In the Network Configuration group, enter the following fields:--Eth IP Address: enter the SPR’s/IDR's IP address (e.g. 10.0.0.20) --Eth Subnet Mask: enter the SPR’s/IDR's subnet address (e.g. 255.255.255.0) --Default Gateway: enter the SPR’s/IDR's default gateway’s IP address, if relevant

7. In the RF Configuration group, enter the following fields: --Index in BSR: enter the SPR’s/IDR's index number to be indexed in the BSR, e.g. 2 --BSR Air MAC Address: enter the BSR’s Air MAC address to which the SPR/IDR is associated, e.g. 0x1200 8. On the toolbar, click the Write button to apply the new settings to the SPR/IDR. 9. On the toolbar, click the Reset button to reset the SPR/IDR. A Warning message box appears. 10. Click Yes to confirm resetting the SPR/IDR. The figure below displays the SPR/IDR configured in the bridge mode.

Analyzing the RF Spectrum
Before setting up your wireless link between Base Station and subscribers, Airspan recommends analyzing the RF spectrum at the Base Station to select only clear frequency channels (i.e. without interferences) for building a frequency table for the wireless transmission. Airspan recommends using frequencies that are approximately 28, 20, and 12 dB above interference levels to effectively operate in 8- (4 Mbps/3 Mbps), 4-(2 Mbps), and 2-level FSK (1.33 Mbps/1 Mbps), respectively.

Accessing the spectrum analyzer:You can access the Spectrum Analyzer through either a serial or an IP network communication mode.

To access the Spectrum Analyzer:
1. Start WipConfig and then connect WipConfig to the BSR by performing one of the following: --Serial mode: on the toolbar, select the Serial option, and then click Connect. --IP mode: on the toolbar, select the Network option, and then in the Remote Agent field, enter the ASWipLL device's IP address, and then click Connect.

2. In the Outlook bar, click the Spectrum Analyzer button; A message box appears informing you that the device will lose connection with all other devices. 3. Click OK.

Setting up the spectrum analyzer:Before you can start analyzing the spectrum, you need to define various parameters in the Spectrum Analyzer. To set up the Spectrum Analyzer: 1. Ensure the Setup tab (located in the top-right pane) is selected. 2. In the Refresh Rate field, enter the rate (in seconds) for polling the BSR/PPR. (The default is 3 sec aximum is 3600 sec.) 3. In the Number of Sweeps group, select the option for scanning the frequency range: --ngle: scans the spectrum only once --continuous: cyclically scans the spectrum (i.e. repetitively) --Custom: you can define the number of sweeps (range is 0 through 1,000 sweeps) 4. To change the antenna gain, in the Antenna Gain field, enter the antenna gain. If you want to restore the BSR’s default antenna gain, click the True Antenna Gain Value button.

5. To define the frequency range for which you want to analyze, define the following fields: --Start Freq: frequency from where you want to scan (i.e. lower frequency) --Stop Freq: frequency to where you want to scan (i.e. upper frequency)

Viewing Results:The Spectrum Analyzer results are plotted on the graph as well as displayed in the Results table (to access the Results table simply click the Results tab). The following measurements are displayed: --Average received signal strength (RSS) per frequency (plotted white line on the graph) --Maximum hold received signal strength (RSS) per frequency (plotted yellow line on the graph) --Distance (in spectrum RF) that the BSR/PPR can establish a viable communication link with another transmitter. This is displayed in the TxRxOffset field.

9

Configuring PC’s IP Address
To establish IP network connectivity between your PC running the NMS (WipConfig or WipManage) and the AS WipLL devices, you need to configure your PC's TCP/IP address settings in accordance with your AS

WipLL network's IP addressing scheme:
1.Define PC’s (i.e. Ethernet card) IP address so that it’s in same subnet as the BSR/BSDU. 2.Configure PC’s default gateway with the IP address of the BSR, or with the IP address of a router if oneexists between the PC and BSR.

To configure your PC’s IP address settings
1. On the Windows desktop, right-click My Network Places, and then from the shortcut menu, choose Properties; The Network and Dial-up Connections folder appears. 2. Right-click the desired connection, and then from the shortcut menu, choose Properties; The Local Area Connection Properties dialog box appears. 3. In the Components list, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and then click Properties; The Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

Properties dialog box appears:

4. Select the Use the Following IP Address option, and then enter the following fields: --IP Address: PC’s IP address, e.g. 10.0.0.2 --Subnet Mask: PC’s subnet mask address, which must be the same as the BSR/BSDU (e.g. 255.255.255.0) so that the PC is in the same subnet as the BSR/BSDU --Default Gateway: PC’s default gateway, which can be the BSR’s IP address (e.g. 10.0.0.10), or if a router exists behind the BSR, then the router’s IP address 5. Click OK. 10

Establishing Link Using WIP manage
Once you have initialized the BSR and SPR/IDR using WipConfig, you need to add various WipManage elements to establish a viable air and network link between the BSR and SPR/IDR.

Adding a BS group:To add a BS Group:
1. In the Database Tree, right-click , and then from the shortcut menu,

choose Add BS Group. BS Group Add dialog box appears.

2. In the Group Name field, enter a name for the BS Group, e.g. “Manhattan_1”, and then click OK.

Adding a BS:You can now add a Base Station (BS) to the BS Group you added in the previous subsection. To add a BS: 1. In the Database Tree, click the (e.g. “Manahattan_1”) branch to which you want to add the BS.
2. In the BSs Map view (in the right pane), right-click an empty area, and then from the shortcut menu choose Add BS; The BS Add dialog box appears. 3. In the BS Name field, enter a name for the BS, e.g. “Times Square”, and then click OK.

Adding a BSR
You can add up to six BSRs to each BSDU, allowing a maximum of 24 BSRs (6 BSRs x 4 BSDUs) per BS. In our example, we need to add a BSR with IP address 10.0.0.10.

To add a BSR:

1. In the Database Tree, double-click the (e.g. “Times Square”) branch. 2. Right-click one of the six blue rectangles in the same row as the BSDU to which you want to add the BSR, and then from the shortcut menu, choose Add BSR; The BSR-Add dialog box appears.

3. In the Manage IP field, enter the BSR’s IP address, e.g. 10.0.0.10. 4. In the Get Community and Set Community fields, enter the SNMP community rights. 5. Click OK.

The Permitted SPRs-Add dialog box appears.

2. In the IP Address field, enter the SPR’s/IDR's IP address (e.g. 10.0.0.20). 3. Click OK; The SPR index #2 icon appears green, as shown below, indicating that a viable air and network link exists with the SPR/IDR. You can now manage the SPR/IDR.

Testing BSR/SPR Network Link:You can test the BSR-SPR/IDR link by pinging the SPR/IDR from a PC located behind the BSR.

To test the link by pinging: 1.From the PC (IP address 10.0.0.2) behind the BSR, open an MS-DOS prompt and use the ping – t command to ping the SPR/IDR (IP address 10.0.0.20), e.g. ping 10.0.0.20 – t.

Installation of Radwin Modem
WinLink-1000 is a carrier-class, high capacity, Point-to-Point broadband wireless transm ision system .WinLink-1000 combine s legacy TDM and Ethernet services s over 2.4GHz and 5.xGHz license-exempt bands and is suitable for deployment in FCC, E S T I, or C S A regula ted countries. The syst m provides up to 48 Mbps e wirelesslink and supportsrangesof up to 80 km (50 miles). Application
Figure1-1 illustratesa typical point-to-point application of two WinLink-1000 units .

Site A
PBX E1/T1 E1/T1 Up to 80 km (50 miles)

Site B
PBX E1/T1 E1/T1

10/100BaseT

WinLink-1000

WinLink-1000

10/100 BaseT

LAN

LAN

Figure1-1. TypicalApplication

Features
Wireless Link WinLink-1000 delivers up to 48 Mbps data rate for Ethernet and E1/T1 traffic. The systemsupports a variety of spectrum bands and can be configured to operate in any channel on the band with a carrier step resolution of 5 MHz. WinLink-1000 operation complie s with E T S I,C S A and the FCC 47CF R Part 15 and subpartC and E requirements. WinLink-1000 employsTime Division Duplex (TDD) transmission. This technology simplifies the installati n and configuration procedure.There is no need to plan o and to allocateseparatechannelsfor the uplink and downlink data streams. Operation over 2.4GHz and 5.x GHz bands is not affected by harsh weather conditions,such a s fog, heavy rain etc.

LAN Interface
The WinLink-1000 LAN port provide s 10/100B aseT interfaces with autonegotia tion and transparent VLAN support. Traffic handling is provided by a MAC-levelself-learningbridge.

TDM Interface The WinLink-1000 TDM interface accepts E 1 or T1 traffic, supporting the following:
• •

Unframed operation (E 1 and T1) AMI and B8ZS zero suppression(T1).

Figu 1-2. WinLink- 000 Units re 1

Installation and Setup
WinLink-1000 System

WinLink-1000 system compris e sthe following units: Outdoor Unit (ODU): The ODU has 2 configurations:ODU with integrat d e antenna and ODU with N-Type connector for connection to an external antenna. Both ODU types have the same interface to the IDU. The ODU with integrated antenna has an enclosedaluminum frame with a front sealedplastic cover, containing an integrated transceiverwith an antenna,RF module, modem and standardinterfaces. ODU includesa power connector,which receives-48 VDC, and R J-45for Ethernet traffic from the indoor unit (IDU). The ODU is attachedto a mast using a special mounting kit, which is supplied with the unit. Indoor Unit (IDU): There are two types of IDU cages . IDU-E that is a plastic box of ½ x 19 in. and IDU-C that is basedon a metal 19in. box addressthe carrier-class applications.IDU is the interface unit between the ODU and the user. It converts100–240 VAC to -48VDC, and feeds the ODU by it. The IDU does not store any configuration data. Therefore,there is no need for additional configuration of the WinLink-1000 syst m when replacingan IDU. e

Site Requirements and Prerequisites
For the IDU, allow at least90 cm (36 in) of frontal clearancefor operatingand maintenanceaccessibility. Allow at least10 cm (4 in) clearanceat the rear of the unit for signal lines and interface cables. The ambient operatingtemperature should be –45 to 60C/-49F to 140F C

(ODU), or -5 C to 45C/23F to 113F (IDU) at a relative humidity of up to 90%, non-condensing. Before startingthe installation,use the Link BudgetCalcul tor utility to calcul te a a expected performance of the link. You can vary parameter inputs to the calculator to determine the optimum systemconfiguration. The utility is descrbed in i

Package Contents The WinLink-1000 packages include the following items: ODU Packa Containing: ge
•

ODU Mast/Wall mounting kit plus mounting instructions Winlink-1000 Managerinstallati n CD o

•

•

IDU-E P ackage Contents:
• • •

IDU-E 110V/240V adaptor IDU wall-mountingdrilling template SpareR J-45connector

•

(Optional) IDU-C P ackage Contents:
• • • • •

IDU-C For AC model, 110v/240 VAC with 3-prong connector cable For DC model, -48 VDC with 3-pin terminal block connector (green) IDU standard 1-U, 19” carrier rack SpareR J-45connector

Externalantenna (if ordered) ODU/IDU Cable at length ordered (optional)

Installation and Setup
Physicalinstallationof the WinLink-1000 systeminstallationincludes the following steps: 1. InstallingODU at both site sof the link. 2. InstallingODU cable and connecting ODU to IDU at both sites. 3. Connectingpower. 4. Installingthe management program on the network management station. 5. Running the Installationwizard from the managem program. ent 6. Aligning the ODUs.

WinLink-1000 with an external antenna

Typical Installation Diagram

5.2 Mounting the ODU The ODU is the transmittingand receiving element of the WinLink-1000 system. The ODU can be mounted on a mast or a wall. In both installa tions, the supplied mounting kit is used to secure the ODU.

An WinLink-1000 link operatesin pairs of two WinLink-1000 system s with the sam econfiguration. Both system s must be installed,and the antennas of the outdoor units mus t be aligned for maximum throughput. TO MOUNT THE ODU 1. Verify that the ODU mounting bracke are properly grounded. ts 2. Attach the ODU unit to the mast. Referto for the ODU mounting instructions. 3. Connect the ground cable to the cha ssis point on the ODU. 4. Attach the ODU cable to the R J-45connector. Refer to for the connector pinout. 5. Securethe cablesto the mast or brackets using provided UV-rated cable ties.

6. Repeatthe procedure at the remote site.

Connecting the ODU to the IDU
The ODU cable conducts all the user traffic between the IDU and the ODU. The ODU cable also provides -48 VDC supply to the ODU. The maximum length for one leg of the ODU cable is 100m (328 ft) in accordance with10/100Base T standards. ODU cable is supplied pre-assembl with RJ-45 connectors,at the length ed specified when ordering. If the ODU cable w as not ordered, use Cat. 5e shielded cable, the wiring specifications given in are 1. Route the cable from the ODU location into the building, leaving some spare. Securethe cable along its path. 2. Connect the ODU cable to the R J-45connector on the IDU panel designated WAN. illustratesa typical panel of the IDU-E and IDU-C.

. IDU s connector panels

Connecting the Power

Power is supplied to WinLink-1000 via an external AC/DC converter, which receives power from 110–240 VAC source and converts it to -48

To connectthe power IDU-E:
1. Connect the 2-pin plug of the AC/DC converterto the 2-pin DC power connector on the IDU-E rear panel. 2. Connect the AC/DC converter 3-prong plug to mains outlet.

To connectthe power for IDU-C:
  For AC power model, connect the AC cable 3-prong plug to mains outlet. For DC power model, connect to DC supply on the rack (male connector for

the terminal block is included).

Installing WinLink-1000 Management Software
WinLink-1000 managem application is distributed on CD-ROM as an ent executablefile. The application has the following PC requirements:

WinLink-1000 Installation and Operation Manual
•

Memory: 128 MB RAM

•

Disk: 1 GB free hard disk space Processor: Pentium 3 or higher Network: 10/100BaseT NIC Graphics:Card and Monitor that supports1024768 screenresolution with bit color Operating system:Windows 2000/XP Microsoft Explorer 5.01 or later.

•

•

•

16
•

•

•

To install the WinLink-1000 management program:
1. Insert the CD-ROM into your CD-ROM drive. 2. If the installation does not start automatically, run WinLink.exe from the CDROM drive. 3. Follow the on screeninstructionsof the installationwizard to complete setup of the WinLink-1000 Managementprogram in the desired location.

To perform initial setup:
1. 2. 3.

Power up the site A IDU Wait about 1 minute. Power up the site B IDU Connect the management station to the LAN.

Any PC running the WinLink-1000 Managem application can be used to ent

configure WinLink-1000 units.

To start WinLink manager
1. From the Start menu, point to Progr ms, point to WinLInk Manager and then a , click WinLinkManager . The passw ord/IP requestdialog appears .

Figure2-3. Login S creen

2. Selectthe suitableoption for the IP Addressfield: Enter the IP addressof the ODU — default value 10.0.0.120.

Figure2-5. Main Menu

Aligning the WinLink-1000 ODUs
Perform the WinLink-1000 ODU alignment using the Buzzerslocated inside the ODUs. Alignment of a WinLink-1000 link must be performed by two people simultaneously, site A and at site B. at

To align the ODUs via ODU Buzze r:
1. Verify that power is connected to the IDUs at both sites. Do not stand in front of a live radio terminal.

Warnin 2. Align the site A ODU in the direction of the site B ODU. 3. Align the site B ODU in the direction of the site A ODU g 4. Alternating between each site, turn each ODU slowly while listening to the buzzer beep sequence for the Best S ignal sound, until optimal alignmentis achieved.

5. Securethe site A and site B ODUs to the mast/wall. 6. Monitor the link quality for about 15 minutes to verify stability.

Installing the Link
Installationand definition of all paramet rs are applied to both sidesof the link. e

To install the link:
1. Verify that the managem station is properly connectedto the sam eLAN a s ent the IDU, and the WinLink Manager application is running. 2. In the toolbar, click the Link Installation button. The Installationwizard open

Figure. Link Installation Wizard

3. Click next to proceed with the Installationprocedure.

Figure Installation Wizard, System dialog box .

Notes

4. Enter a S S ID(SystemID) minimum of eight charac ters. The ID

is initially factory set.

 Both site sof a link must always have the sam enumber 5. Enter Link name for the link identification. 6. Enter a name for site 1. 7. Enter a name for site 2. 8. Click Next.

The ChannelSelectdialog box appears

Figure. Installation Wizard, Channel Selectdialog box

9. Selectthe required operating channel. The pull down list shows the ISM frequenciesavail ble. a The Manual option allows you a User defined channel, within the systemfrequency band. Selectinga new channelcau s esthe systemquality to change.The quality bar showsthe adjustment until the systemfinds the best quality link.

10. Click Next. The R ate Selectdialog box appea lists throughput ratesand capacities. rs .

Figure2-10. Installation Wizard, R a t s dialog box e

11. Selecta suitable air interface rate accordingto the servicesrequired. 12. Click Eval ate. u

13. A question box pops up, askingif you want to re-evaluatethe link. Click Y es to changethe rate No to keep the existingrate. Selectinga new rate cause s the syst m quality to change.The quality bar e showsthe adjustment until the sys tem finds the best quality link. 14. Click Next.

The ServiceParam eters dialog box appears.

Figure2-11. Installation Wizard, S ervices dialog box

15. In the Servi e dialog box, selectone of the following: c E1/T1 – Select the E1/T1 field, if you intend to transmit E 1/T1 data andEthernetdata.The EthernetBW field show sthe remaining bandwidth in Mbpsavailable for Ethernet. The available bandwidth depends on the number of E1/T1ports selected. Selectthe Ethernet field, if you intend to transmitEthernetdata only 16. Click Next The Finish screenappears

Figure2-12. InstallationWizard,Finish Screen

17. Click Finishto complete the installation wizard. When the wirelesslink is establish d between the site A and site B units, e the Link Status indication bar of the Main menu is within the green area. 18. Verify that the radio signal strength (RS S ) in the Main menu is according to expected results. Connecting the User Equipment. The IDU-E is a standalone deskto wall-mounted unit. This unit has p, both front and rear panel connections. The optional IDU-C is a standalonerackmounted unit. This unit has only front panel connections.llustratesthe typical panelsof the IDUs. i

Cisco Router Configuration

ROUTER AND ITS COMMANDS

There are various types of routers, but the best is delivered by the CISCO Company. It has various types of series in itself, which is shown below :

1) THE 800

2) THE 1800

3) THE 2800

4) THE 3800

COMMANDS:

* Router# (type in config t)

Router(config)# (type in line vty 0 4)

Router(config-line)# (type in login)

Router(config-line)# (type in password VTY-Password-here)

This concludes setting your VTY Passwords! (you can type in Ctrl-Z to go back to plain Enable Mode) Router(config-line)# Ctrl-Z Router#

Router>enable Router#config Router(config)#hostname N115-7206 N115-7206(config)#interface serial 1/1

N115-7206(config-if)ip address 192.168.155.2 255.255.255.0 N115-7206(config-if)no shutdown N115-7206(config-if)ctrl-z N115-7206#show interface serial 1/1 N115-7206#config N115-7206(config)#interface ethernet 2/3 N115-7206(config-if)#ip address 192.168.150.90 255.255.255.0 N115-7206(config-if)#no shutdown N115-7206(config-if)#ctrl-z N115-7206#show interface ethernet 2/3 N115-7206#config N115-7206(config)#router rip N115-7206(config-router)#network 192.168.155.0 N115-7206(config-router)#network 192.168.150.0 N115-7206(config-router)#ctrl-z N115-7206#show ip protocols N115-7206#ping 192.168.150.1 N115-7206#config N115-7206(config)#ip name-server 172.16.0.10 N115-7206(config)#ctrl-z N115-7206#ping archie.au N115-7206#config N115-7206(config)#enable secret password

N115-7206(config)#ctrl-z N115-7206#copy running-config startup-config N115-7206#exit

Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
The Cisco IOS software provides access to several different command modes. Each command mode provides a different group of related commands. For security purposes, the Cisco IOS software provides two levels of access to commands: user and privileged. The unprivileged user mode is called user EXEC mode. The privileged mode is called privileged EXEC mode and requires a password. The commands available in user EXEC mode are a subset of the commands available in privileged EXEC mode. The following table describes some of the most commonly used modes, how to enter the modes, and the resulting prompts. The prompt helps you identify which mode you are in and, therefore, which commands are available to you Mode of Operation Usage How to Enter the Mode Prompt User EXEC Change terminal settings on a temporary basis, perform basic tests, and list system information. First level accessed. Router> Privileged EXEC System administration, set operating parameters. From user EXEC mode, enter enable password command Router# Global Config Modify configuration that affect the system as a whole. From

privileged EXEC, enter configure terminal. Router(config)# Interface
Config Modify the operation of an interface. From global mode, enter interface type number. Router(config-if)# Setup Create the initial configuration. From privileged EXEC mode, enter command setup. Prompted dialog

User EXEC Mode:
When you are connected to the router, you are started in user EXEC mode. The user EXEC commands are a subset of the privileged EXEC commands. Privileged EXEC Mode: Privileged commands include the following: • Configure – Changes the software configuration. • Debug – Display process and hardware event messages. • Setup – Enter configuration information at the prompts. Enter the command disable to exit from the privileged EXEC mode and return to user EXEC mode.

Configuration Mode
Configuration mode has a set of submodes that you use for modifying interface settings, routing protocol settings, line settings, and so forth. Use caution with configuration mode because all changes you enter take effect immediately. To enter configuration mode, enter the command configure terminal and exit by pressing Ctrl-Z.

Note: Almost every configuration command also has a no form. In general, use the no form to disable a feature or function. Use the command without the keyword no to re-enable a disabled feature or to enable a feature that is disabled by default. For example, IP routing is enabled by default. To disable IP routing, enter the no ip routing command and enter ip routing to re-enable it. Getting Help In any command mode, you can get a list of available commands by entering a question mark (?). Router>? To obtain a list of commands that begin with a particular character sequence, type in those characters followed immediately by the question mark (?). Router#co? configure connect copy To list keywords or arguments, enter a question mark in place of a keyword or argument. Include a space before the question mark. Router#configure ? memory Configure from NV memory network Configure from a TFTP network host terminal Configure from the terminal

You can also abbreviate commands and keywords by entering just enough characters to make the command unique from other commands. For example, you can abbreviate the show command to sh.

Configuration Files
Any time you make changes to the router configuration, you must save the changes to memory because if you do not they will be lost if there is a system reload or power outage. There are two types of configuration files: the running (current operating) configuration and the startup configuration. Use the following privileged mode commands to work with configuration files. • configure terminal – modify the running configuration manually from the terminal. • show running-config – display the running configuration. • show startup-config – display the startup configuration. • copy running-config startup-config – copy the running configuration to the startup configuration. • copy startup-config running-config – copy the startup configuration to the running configuration. • erase startup-config – erase the startup-configuration in NVRAM. • copy tftp running-config – load a configuration file stored on a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server into the running configuration.

• copy running-config tftp – store the running configuration on a TFTP server.

IP Address Configuration
Take the following steps to configure the IP address of an interface. Step 1: Enter privileged EXEC mode: Router>enable password Step 2: Enter the configure terminal command to enter global configuration mode. Router#config terminal Step 3: Enter the interface type slot/port (for Cisco 7000 series) or interface type port (for Cisco 2500 series) to enter the interface configuration mode. Example: Router (config)#interface ethernet 0/1 Step 4: Enter the IP address and subnet mask of the interface using the ip address ipaddress subnetmask command. Example, Router (config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 Step 5: Exit the configuration mode by pressing Ctrl-Z Router(config-if)#[Ctrl-Z]

Routing Protocol Configuration
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Step 1: Enter privileged EXEC mode: Router>enable password Step 2: Enter the configure terminal command to enter global configuration mode. Router#config terminal Step 3: Enter the router rip command Router(config)#router rip Step 4: Add the network number to use RIP and repeat this step for all the numbers. Router(config-router)#network network-number Example: Router(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 Note: To turn off RIP, use the no router rip command. Router(config)#no router rip

Other useful commands
• Specify a RIP Version By default, the software receives RIP version 1 and version 2 packets, but sends only version 1 packets. To control which RIP version an interface sends, use one of the following commands in interface configuration mode:

Command Purpose ip rip send version 1 Configure an interface to send only RIP version 1 packets. ip rip send version 2 Configure an interface to send only RIP version 2 packets. ip rip send version 1 2 Configure an interface to send only RIP version 1 and version 2 packets. To control how packets received from an interface are processed, use one of the following commands: Command Purpose ip rip receive version 1 Configure an interface to accept only RIP version 1 packets. ip rip receive version 2 Configure an interface to accept only RIP version 2 packets ip rip receive version 1 2 Configure an interface to accept only RIP version 1 or 2 packets. • Enable or Disable Split Horizon Use one of the following commands in interface configuration mode: no ip split-horizon Disable split horizon. Command Purpose ip split-horizon Enable split horizon.

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Step 1: Enter privileged EXEC mode: Router>enable password Step 2: Enter the configure terminal command to enter global configuration mode. Router#config terminal

Step 3: Enter the router ospf command and follow by the process-id. Router(config)#router ospf process-id Pick the process-id which is not being used. To determine what ids are being used, issue the show process command. Router(config)#show process Step 4: Add the network number, mask and area-id Router(config-router)#network network-number mask area area-id The network-number identifies the network using OSPF. The mask tells which bits to use from the network-number, and the area-id is used for determining areas in an OSPF configuration. Example: Router(config-router)#network area 0.0.0.0 Repeat this step for all the network numbers. To turn off OSPF, use the following command. Router(config)#no router ospf process-id Other useful commands • Configure OSPF Interface Parameters You are not required to alter any of these parameters, but some interface parameters must be consistent across all routers in an attached network. In interface configuration mode, specify any of the following: 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0

Command Purpose ip ospf cost cost Explicitly specify the cost of sending a packet on an OSPF interface. ip ospf retransmit-interval seconds Specify the number of seconds between link state advertisement retransmissions for adjacencies belonging to an OSPF interface. ip ospf transmit-delay seconds Set the estimated number of seconds it takes to transmit a link state update packet on an OSPF interface. ip ospf priority number Set router priority to help determine the OSPF designated router for a network. ip ospf hello-interval seconds Specify the length of time, in seconds, between the hello packets that a router sends on an OSPF interface. ip ospf deadinterval seconds Set the number of seconds that a router’s hello packets must not have been seen before its neighbors declare the OSPF router down. ip ospf authentication-key password Assign a specific password to be used by neighboring OSPF routers on a network segment that is using OSPF’s simple password authentication.

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)
• Create the IGRP Routing Process To create the IGRP routing process, use the following required commands starting in global configuration mode.

Step Command Purpose 1 router igrp autonomous-system Enable an IGRP routing process, which place you in router configuration mode. 2 network network-number Associate networks with an IGRP routing process. • Disable Holddown The holddown mechanism is used to help avoid routing loop in the network, but has the effect of increasing the topology convergence time. To disable holddowns with IGRP, use the following command in router configuration mode. All devices in an IGRP autonomous system must be consistent in their use of holddowns. Command Purpose No metric holddown Disable the IGRP holddown period. • Enforce a Maximum Network Diameter Define a maximum diameter to the IGRP network. Routes whose hop counts exceed this diameter are not advertised. The default maximum diameter is 100 hops. The maximum diameter is 255 hops. Use the following command in router configuration mode. Command Purpose metric maximum-hops hops Configure the maximum network diameter. • To turn off IGRP, use the following command. Router(config)#no router igrp autonomous-system

Tunneling

Most VPNs rely on tunneling to create a private network that reaches across the Internet. Essentially, tunneling is the process of placing an entire packet within another packet and sending it over a network. The protocol of the outer packet is understood by the network and both points, called tunnel interfaces, where the packet enters and exits the network. Tunneling requires three different protocols: A) Carrier protocol - The protocol used by the network that the information is traveling over B)Encapsulating protocol - The protocol (GRE, IPSec, L2F, PPTP, L2TP) that is wrapped around the original data C)Passenger protocol - The original data (IPX, NetBeui, IP) being carried Tunneling has amazing implications for VPNs. For example, you can place a packet that uses a protocol not supported on the Internet (such as NetBeui) inside an IP packet and send it safely over the Internet. Or you could put a packet that uses a private (non-routable) IP address inside a packet that uses a globally unique IP address to extend a private network over the Internet.

Tunneling: Site-to-Site
In a site-to-site VPN, GRE (generic routing encapsulation) is normally the encapsulating protocol that provides the framework for how to package the passenger protocol for transport over the carrier protocol, which is typically IP-based. This includes information on what type of packet you are encapsulating and information about the connection between the client and server. Instead of GRE, IPSec in tunnel mode is sometimes used as the encapsulating protocol. IPSec works well on both remote-access and site-to-site VPNs. IPSec must be supported at both tunnel interfaces to use.

Tunneling: Remote-Access
In a remote-access VPN, tunneling normally takes place using PPP. Part of the TCP/IP stack, PPP is the carrier for other IP protocols when communicating over the network between the host computer and a remote system. Remote-access VPN tunneling relies on PPP. Each of the protocols listed below were built using the basic structure of PPP and are used by remote-access VPNs.

A ) L2F (Layer 2 Forwarding) - Developed by Cisco, L2F will use any authentication scheme supported by PPP. B) PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) - PPTP was created by the PPTP Forum, a consortium which includes US Robotics, Microsoft, 3COM, Ascend and ECI Telematics. PPTP supports 40-bit and 128-bit encryption and will use any authentication scheme supported by PPP. C) L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) - L2TP is the product of a partnership between the members of the PPTP Forum, Cisco and the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). Combining features of both PPTP and L2F, L2TP also fully supports IPSec. L2TP can be used as a tunneling protocol for site-to-site VPNs as well as remote-access VPNs. In fact, L2TP can create a tunnel between:  Client and router  NAS and router  Router and router Think of tunneling as having a computer delivered to you by UPS. The vendor packs the computer (passenger protocol) into a box (encapsulating protocol) which is then put on a UPS truck (carrier protocol) at the vendor's warehouse (entry tunnel interface). The

truck (carrier protocol) travels over the highways (Internet) to your home (exit tunnel interface) and delivers the computer. You open the box (encapsulating protocol) and remove the computer (passenger protocol). Tunneling is just that simple! As you can see, VPNs are a great way for a company to keep its employees and partners connected no matter where they are.

As the link is installed its now the time to test the link as every instrument has a testing cycle in VPN connectivity we too have a testing cycle. We use Netpersec for testing the load. If the link is taking adequate amount of load link is handed over to the customer other wise we move back for further quality improvement of the link.

FIREWALL
Introduction This document describe how to configure netear FXS538 firewall. Requirements Customer wants to allow some websites and rest will be blocked. Connectivity
Lan Port-----------> Netgear ----------> Wan Port---------------------------> Internet

Steps Required For Basic Configuration

a) Open the webpage with 192.168.1.1 and login with username as admin and password as password.

b) Configure ISP1 Settings. This is the port where we need to terminate internet bandwidth & configure the port with logical configurations given. Wan Settings ->s ISP1 Settings

c) Go to lan setup tab and diable dhcp.

d) Click on rouitng and add the default route towards ISP end.

e) Now go to wan mode and select use only nat under Network translation and Under port mode select use only single wan port1 (wan1)

f) Now click under Secuirty-> Firewall Rules -> LanWan Rules Add the service by allowing any service or particular service as per the requirement.

The services will work from top to down. g) Click On Security->Firewall->Attack check and check the box of Respond the ping to internet ports.

If you are not selectign this then the you were not able to ping the ports. h) Click on Security->Block Sites-> click yes for content filtering. If you are using no then you cannot block the websites. Enable the proxy/java/activex/cookies if you want else you can leave that part. Under Apply keywords blocking select all the clicks and enable them. For blocking websites you can use the dot(.) operator which means you are denying any type of website. Under trusted domain you can enter the domain which you want user can access. In the test setup I am only permitting www.cisco.com domain rest will be denied. Monitoring Firewall a) Click on Monitoring->Diagnostic tab and you will access basic troubleshooting tools. b) Under Monitoring->Firewall Logs and Email , we can add the syslog server ip address and fetch the logs. Remote Management Click Administarion-> Remote Management -> Allow remote management and you canprovide access as per your ease

Note:- By default all the lan ports are of group 1 part. You can change the geoups as per users. If you want to restrict internal LAN users from access to certain sites on the Internet, you can use the VPN firewall’s Content Filtering and Web Components filtering. By default, these features are disabled; all requested traffic from any Web site is allowed. If you enable one or more of these features and users try to access a blocked site, they will see a “Blocked by NETGEAR” message. Several types of blocking are available:

VIDEO CONFRENSING

Introducing the VSX Series Your Polycom video conferencing system is a state-of-the-art visual collaboration tool. With crisp, clean video and crystal-clear sound, VSX systems provide natural video conferencing interaction through the most advanced video communications technology. VSX Models This section describes the standard components that come with the VSX Series systems. For technical specifications and detailed descriptions of features available for VSX models, please refer to the product literature available at www.polycom.com. Models with additional options are also available. For more information, please contact your Polycom distributor. This guide covers instructions for the following models.

VSX 3000A Desktop Systems The VSX 3000A systems deliver high-quality, video communication in an all-in-one appliance that includes the camera, LCD screen, speakers, and

microphone. Save space in your office by using the VGA cable to connect your computer to the system’s 17” high-resolution XGA display. VSX set-top systems VSX component systems VSX desktop systems Administrator’s Guide for the VSX Series

1-2 VSX 5000 Set-top System

The VSX 5000 is a compact, entry-level system with an all-electronic, built-in camera. VSX 6000A Set-top Systems

The VSX 6000A systems are entry-level video conferencing systems for IP and SIP networks only. VSX 7000s Set-top Systems

The VSX 7000s systems provide cutting-edge video conferencing technology for IP and other networks. The subwoofer provides additional depth to the

sound, creating a high-quality sonic space comparable to a home theater system.

VSX 7000e Component System The VSX 7000e is a video component system for medium-sized conferencing rooms. VSX 8000 Component System The VSX 8000 system is a compact component system for custom integration. Setting Up Your System Hardware This manual provides information to supplement the setup sheets provided

with your system and its optional components. A printed copy of the system setup sheet is provided with each VSX system. PDF versions of the system setup sheets are available at www.polycom.com/videodocumentation. Positioning the System Position the system so that the camera does not face toward a window or other source of bright light. Introducing the VSX Series 1-3 Place the camera and display together so that people at your site face the camera when they face the far site display.

Positioning Desktop Systems The VSX 3000A systems are personal video conferencing systems for the desktop. To position the system: Place the VSX 3000A system on your desktop or on a table in a small conference room, leaving enough space so that you can connect the cables easily. If you need to place the system face-down to connect the cables, make sure that

the camera does not touch the work surface. The weight of the system can damage the camera mount. Administrator’s Guide for the VSX Series 1-4 Positioning Set-top Systems The VSX 5000, VSX 6000A, and VSX 7000s systems are designed to be placed on top of a monitor. You can order a shelf that can be mounted on a wall or placed on top of a flat-panel monitor. To position the system: 1. The hardware kit you received with the system includes a pair of self-adhesive feet. If the monitor’s chassis slopes back sharply, install the feet on the bottom of the system to stabilize it.

2. Place the system in the desired location, with the rounded front portion hanging over the front of the monitor or shelf. Leave enough space to work, so that you can connect the cables easily.

3. Remove the packaging collar from around the VSX system camera. Positioning Component Systems

The VSX 7000e and VSX 8000 systems are designed to be placed on a tabletop or in an equipment rack. If you received a network interface module with your system, you may find it convenient to install it before positioning the system. Refer to the installation sheet that you received with the network interface module. Feet Introducing the VSX Series To position the system: 1. Install the mounting brackets on the system if you need to mount it in an equipment rack, or install the self-adhesive feet if you will place the system on a table or shelf. 2. Place the system in the desired location. Leave enough space to work, so that you can connect the cables easily. 3. Place the camera on or near the monitor displaying the far site so that people look towards the camera during calls. Powering On Connect power and power on the system after you have connected the rest of the equipment that you will use with it. VSX 3000A Desktop System The VSX 3000A systems have three power switches.

To power on the VSX 3000A: 1. Press the power switch near the connectors on the back of the system. 2. Press the power switch on the lower back corner of the monitor. 3. Press the power button on the front of the monitor. Powering On Set-top and Component Systems For set-top systems, the power switch is on the back panel. Do not use any power supply other than the one supplied with your VSX system. Using the wrong power supply will void the warranty and may damage your system. Administrator’s Guide for the VSX Series 1-6 For component systems, the power switch is on the front. The indicator light in the switch provides this information: • Light is green — system is powered on • Light changes to from green to red, then to blue — system is powering off • Light is blue — system is powered off • Light is off — system is not connected to power Configuring with the Setup Wizard When you power on your system for the first time, the setup wizard detects the system’s SCCP connections and leads you through the minimum configuration steps required to place a call. This guide covers only the SCCP setup. Although the VSX SCCP system can be connected only to SCCP

networks, you can use the system to call users on other types of networks if the CallManager is configured to allow this. Please note that not all network types are available in all countries. The setup wizard allows you to set a room password, which allows you to limit access to the Admin Settings. The default room password is the 14-digit system serial number. You can run the setup wizard or view the configuration screens in either of these two ways. • In the room with the system — Use the remote control to navigate the screens and enter information. You can use the number pad on the remote control to enter text just like you can with a cell phone. • From a remote location — Use a web browser to access VSXWeb. For more information about using VSX Web, refer to Accessing VSX Web Make sure you can recall the room password if you set one. If you forget the password, you will have to reset the system, delete the system files, and run the setup wizard again in order to access the Admin Settings and reset the password. If Security Mode is enabled, the room password is required to access the Reset System screen. If you forget the room password while the system is in Security

Mode, contact your Polycom distributor or Polycom Technical Support.

Networks This guide covers network types used worldwide. Please note that not all network types are available in all countries. Getting the Network Ready Before you begin configuring the network options, you must make sure your network is ready for video conferencing. To begin, refer to the Preparing Your Network for Video Conferencing document, available at www.polycom.com/videodocumentation. This document contains information you need to prepare your network, such as worksheets that will help you order ISDN. Network Connectivity Checklist You will need this information to make and receive video calls at your site: Connecting to the LAN You must connect the system to a LAN to: • Make IP calls • Access VSX Web

If... This information: Should be provided by your: Your system is using a static IP address IP address IP Network Service Provider or system administrator System name System administrator Administrator’s Guide for the VSX Series 2-2 • Use People+Content IP • Update system software using the Polycom Softupdate program Configuring LAN Properties To configure LAN properties: 1. Go to System > Admin Settings > LAN Properties. 2. Configure these settings: Setting Description Connect to my LAN Specifies whether the system is part of the LAN. Changing this setting causes the system to restart. Host Name Indicates the system’s DNS name. Changing this setting causes the system to restart. IP Address Specifies how the system obtains an IP address. • Obtain IP address automatically — Select if the system gets an IP address from the DHCP server on the LAN.

• Enter IP address manually — Select if the IP address will not be assigned automatically. Changing this setting causes the system to restart. Your IP Address is or Use the Following IP Address If the system obtains its IP address automatically, this area displays the IP address currently assigned to the system. If you selected Enter IP Address Manually, enter the IP address here. Changing the IP address causes the system to restart. Domain Name Displays the domain name currently assigned to the system. If the system does not automatically obtain a domain name, enter one here. Networks 2-3 3. Select and configure these settings: Setting Description DNS Servers Displays the DNS servers currently assigned to the system. If the system does not automatically obtain a DNS server address, enter up to four DNS servers here. Changing this setting causes the system to restart. Default Gateway Displays the gateway currently assigned to the system.

If the system does not automatically obtain a gateway IP address, enter one here. Changing this setting causes the system to restart. Subnet Mask Displays the subnet mask currently assigned to the system. If the system does not automatically obtain a subnet mask, enter one here. Changing this setting causes the system to restart. WINS Server Displays the WINS server currently assigned to the system. If the system does not automatically obtain a WINS server IP address, enter one here. Changing this setting causes the system to restart. WINS Resolution Sends a request to the WINS server for WINS name resolution. LAN Speed Specify the LAN speed to use. Note that the speed you choose must be supported by the switch. Choose Auto to have the network switch negotiate the speed automatically. If you choose 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps, you must also select a duplex mode. Note: Be sure that the device and the switch settings match. Typically, selecting Auto for both is sufficient. The LAN Speed setting for the VSX system and the switch must match. Polycom strongly recommends that you do not select Auto for either just the VSX system or just the switch; the settings for both must be the same. Changing this setting causes the system to restart.

Duplex Mode Specify the Duplex mode to use. Note that the Duplex mode you choose must be supported by the switch. Choose Auto to have the network switch negotiate the Duplex mode automatically. Changing this setting causes the system to restart. Administrator’s Guide for the VSX Series 2-4 Configuring the VSX System to Use SCCP When the VSX system is configured to use SCCP for calls, you can call another SCCP-enabled system by entering the system’s extension on the Place a Call screen. To configure the VSX system to use SCCP: 1. On the Cisco CallManager, provision a SCCP extension for each VSX system. 2. On the VSX System, go to System > Admin Settings > Network > Call Preference, and enable Enable SCCP. 3. On the VSX System, go to System > Admin Settings > General Settings> System Settings > Call Settings, and set Auto-Answer Point-toPoint to Yes. 4. On the VSX System, go to System > Admin Settings > Network > SCCP

Settings, and configure these settings on the Cisco CallManager screen: Polycom VSX software release 8.6.2 supporting the Cisco SCCP protocol has been certified with Cisco CallManager 4.2(3) and 5.1(1). Additionally, Polycom has successfully deployed VSX software version 8.6.2 with other versions of the Cisco CallManager, including versions 4.1(x) and 5.0(x). Polycom will work with joint customers in deploying the Polycom/Cisco solution on Cisco CallManager 4.1(3) and higher. For pre-sales support, please contact your Polycom sales representative. For post-sales support, please refer to Polycom Global Services at www.polycom.com. Setting Description CallManager Address Specifies the IP address of the Cisco CallManager. Auto Discover TFTP Address Allows the system to discover the Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary TFTP server addresses. When you choose this setting, the system restarts and the fields are populated. TFTP Server Address Allows you to specify the Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary TFPT server addresses manually. Local Extension Displays the extension assigned to this system by the Cisco

CallManager. Networks Configuring the Cisco CallManager for Use with the VSX System To support SCCP video calls, you must install a video plug-in on the Cisco CallManager server. Signed and unsigned plug-ins are available for Cisco CallManager at http://www.polycom.com/resource_center/1,,pw-17246,FF.html. You must also configure the Video Extensions in the Cisco CallManager. To place multipoint video calls using the Conference feature, the Cisco CallManager needs to be provisioned with video bridge resources. To install the video plug-in: 1. On the Cisco CallManager server, double-click the plug-in file to start the installation. 2. Follow the instructions on the wizard screens to complete the installation. 3. Restart the system to activate the plug-in you just installed. To configure the Cisco CallManager: 1. In the Cisco CallManager, go to the Phone Configuration > Directory Number Configuration screen. 2. Provision these settings for each Polycom Video Extension: — Maximum Number of Calls: 1 — Busy Trigger: 1

After you have configured the VSX system and installed the plug-in, you can place SCCP calls.

Video Source Output Examples for Multiple Monitors The following tables show how the monitor settings on your VSX system can affect what you see on your displays. You can configure the video sources for your displays in many ways; these tables show only a few typical configurations that are available on certain systems for point-to-point calls. Keep in mind that what you see on your displays can also be affected by multipoint display modes, dual monitor emulation, PIP settings, and so on.

VOIP PHONES

Introduction This document provides you with the information on installation, configuration and operation of the MP-124 24-port, MP-108 8-port, MP-104 4-port and MP-102 2-port VoIP media gateways. As these units have similar functionality, except for the number of channels and some minor

features, they are referred to collectively as the MP-1xx. Prior knowledge of regular telephony and data networking concepts is required. Gateway Description The MediaPack MP-1xx Series Analog VoIP gateways are cost-effective, cutting edge technology solutions, providing superior voice quality and optimized packet voice streaming (voice, fax and data traffic) over the same IP network. These gateways use the awardwinning, field-proven Digital Signal Processing (DSP) voice compression technology used in other MediaPack and TrunkPackTM series products. The MP-1xx gateways incorporate up to 24 analog ports for connection, either directly to an enterprise PBX (MP-10x/FXO), to phones, or to fax (MP-1xx/FXS), supporting up to 24 simultaneous VoIP calls. Additionally, the MP-1xx units are equipped with a 10/100 Base-TX Ethernet port for connection to the network. The MP-1xx gateways are best suited for small to medium size enterprises, branch offices or for residential media gateway solutions. The MP-1xx gateways enable Users to make free local or international telephone/fax calls between the distributed company offices, using their existing telephones/fax. These calls are

routed over the existing network ensuring that voice traffic uses minimum bandwidth. The MP-1xx gateways are very compact devices that can be installed as a desk-top unit (refer to Section or on the wall or in a 19-inch rack The MP-1xx gateways support H.323 ITU or SIP protocols, enabling the deployment of "voice over IP" solutions in environments where each enterprise or residential location is provided with a simple media gateway. This provides the enterprise with a telephone connection (e.g., RJ-11), and the capability to transmit the voice and telephony signals over a packet network. The MP-124 supports up to 24 analog telephone loop start FXS ports, shown in Figure

Figure 1-1: MP-124 Gateway Front View

The MP-108 supports up to 8 analog telephone loop start FXS or FXO ports, shown in Figure

Figure 1-2: MP-108 Gateway Front View

The MP-104 supports up to 4 analog telephone loop start FXS or FXO ports, shown in Figure Figure 1-3: MP-104 Gateway Front View

The MP-102 supports up to 2 analog telephone loop start FXS ports, shown in Figure . Figure 1-4: MP-102 Gateway Front View

The layout diagram illustrates a typical MP-108 and MP-104 or MP-102 VoIP application. Figure 1-5: Typical MP-1xx VoIP Application

BACK VIEW

CONNECTIVITY WITH PHONES

Configuring the MP-1xx Basic Parameters To configure the MP-1xx basic parameters use the Embedded Web Server’s ‘Quick Setup’

Figure 4-1: Quick Setup Screen To configure basic H.323 parameters, take these 7 steps: 1. If the MP-1xx is behind a router with Network Address Translation (NAT) enabled, perform the following procedure. If it isn’t, leave the ‘NAT IP Address’ field undefined. Determine the “public” IP address assigned to the router (by using, for instance, router Web management). Enter this public IP address in the ‘NAT IP Address’ field. Enable the DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) configuration on the residential router for the LAN port where the MP-1xx gateway is connected. This enables unknown packets to be routed to the DMZ port. 2. When working with a Gatekeeper, set ‘Working with Gatekeeper’ field, under ‘H.323 Parameters’, to ‘Yes’ and enter the IP address of the primary Gatekeeper in the field ‘Gatekeeper IP Address’. When no Gatekeeper is used, the internal routing table is used to

route the calls. 3. Leave parameter ‘Enable Annex D/T.38 FAX Relay’ at its default unless your technical requirements differ. 4. Select the coder (i.e., vocoder) that best suits your VoIP system requirements. The default coder is: G.7231 30 msec. To program the entire list of coders you want the MP-1xx to use, click the button on the left side of the ‘1st Coder’ field; the drop-down list for the 2nd to 5th coders appear. Select coders according to your system requirements. Note that coders higher on the list are preferred and take precedence over coders lower on the list. 5. To program the Tel to IP Routing table, press the arrow button next to ‘Tel to IP Routing Table’. For information on how to configure the Tel to IP Routing table, 6. To program the Endpoint Phone Number table, press the arrow button next to ‘Endpoint Phone Numbers’. For information on how to configure the Endpoint Phone Number table, 7. Click the Reset button and click OK in the prompt; The MP-1xx applies the changes and restarts. This takes approximately 1 minute to complete. When the MP1xx has finished restarting, the Ready and LAN LEDs on the front panel are lit green.

You are now ready to start using the VoIP gateway. To prevent unauthorized access to the MP1xx, it is recommended that you change the username and password that are used to access the .

MP-1xx H.323 to IP Routing Table The Tel to IP Routing Table is used to route incoming Tel calls to IP addresses. This routing table associates a called / calling telephone number’s prefixes with a destination IP address or with an FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name). When a call is routed through the VoIP gateway (Gatekeeper isn’t used), the called and calling numbers are compared to the list of prefixes on the IP Routing Table (up to 50 prefixes can be configured); Calls that match these prefixes are sent to the corresponding IP address. If the number dialed does not match these prefixes, the call is not made.

When using a Gatekeeper, you do not need to configure the Tel to IP Routing Table. However, if you want to use fallback routing when communication with Gatekeepers is lost, or to use the ‘Filter Calls to IP’ and ‘IP Security’ features or to assign IP profiles, you need to configure the IP Routing Table. Note that for the Tel to IP Routing table to take precedence over a Gatekeeper for routing calls, set the parameter ‘PreferRouteTable’ to 1. The gateway checks the 'Destination IP Address' field in the 'Tel to IP Routing' table for a match with the outgoing call. Only if a match is not found, a Gatekeeper is used. Possible uses for Tel to IP Routing can be as follows: • Can fallback to internal routing table if there is no communication with the Gatekeepers. • Call Restriction – (when Gatekeeper isn’t used), reject all outgoing Tel IP calls that are associated with the destination IP address: 0.0.0.0. • IP Security – When the IP Security feature is enabled (SecureCallFromIP = 1), the VoIP gateway accepts only those IP Tel calls with a source IP address identical to one of the IP addresses entered in the Tel to IP Routing Table. • Filter Calls to IP – When a Gatekeeper is used, the gateway checks the Tel IP routing table

before a telephone number is routed to the Gatekeeper. If the number is not allowed (number isn’t listed or a Call Restriction routing rule was applied), the call is released. • Assign Profiles to destination address (also when a Gatekeeper is used). • Alternative Routing – (When Gatekeeper isn’t used) an alternative IP destination for telephone number prefixes is available. To associate an alternative IP address to called telephone number prefix, assign it with an additional entry (with a different IP address), or use an FQDN that resolves to two IP addresses. Call is sent to the alternative destination when one of the following occurs: No ping to the initial destination is available, or when poor QoS (delay or packet loss, calculated according to previous calls) is detected, or when a DNS host name is not resolved. For detailed information on Alternative Routing, refer to Section 8.4 on page When a release reason that is defined in the ‘Reasons for Alternative Tel to IP Routing’ table is received. For detailed information on the ‘Reasons for Alternative Routing Tables’ Tip: Tel to IP routing can be performed either before or after applying the number

manipulation rules. To control when number manipulation is done, set the ‘Tel to IP Routing Mode’ parameter To configure the Tel to IP Routing table, take these 6 steps: 1. Open the ‘Tel to IP Routing’ screen (Protocol Management menu > Routing Tables submenu > Tel to IP Routing option); the ‘Tel to IP Routing’ screen is displayed . 2. In the ‘Tel to IP Routing Mode’ field, select the Tel to IP routing mode 3. In the ‘Routing Index' drop-down list, select the range of entries that you want to edit. 4. Configure the Tel to IP Routing table according to 5. Click the Submit button to save your changes. 6. To save the changes so they are available after a power fail refer to Section

BIBLIOGRAPHY
This project is prepared by me with help of following : • Team members • Company magazine • Manuals of the equipments • Some websites etc.

CONTENTS
1. Introduction to the company 2. Introduction to VPN 3. Link installation 4. Firepro wireless modems 5. Airspan modems 6. Radwin modems 7. Routers 8. Video confrensing 9. Voip phones 10.Firewall