0605 Generator Compliance

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Generator Compliance

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UK Transmission
Generation Compliance Process
Ian Nuttall
Helge Urdal
Generation Dynamic
Performance
Operations and Trading
· Background on Generator Controls
· Compliance process overview
· Project Timeline
· Post-Event Analysis examples
· Compliance process to accommodate Power Parks
Main Topics
Conventional Power Stations
Synchronous Machines - Voltage Control
Field Voltage, EFD
Excitation
System
b
c
a
b
c
Automatic
Voltage
Regulator
a
The Purpose of the AVR is to Control the Machine
Terminal Voltage - This is achieved by adjusting the
setting of the Excitation System which ultimately adjusts
the field voltage seen by the machine
In the UK it is common practice to use the AVR to fix the
terminal voltage of the machine and adjust the HV Grid
Voltage by tapping the Generator Transformer
Generator
Transformer
with Tap
Synchronous
Machine
To Grid
(400 kV)
Signals to Measure
Terminal Voltage, Vt
Conventional Power Stations
Synchronous Machines - Frequency Control
Grid
(400 kV)
Power
Signal
Frequency
Signal
Governor
Control
System
Controlled
Torque
Power
Turbine
Frequency Control is achieved by the
governor control system. The
Governor will sense variations in
system frequency and adjust the
power output accordingly.
The Governor will initiate changes to
the turbine not the Machine.
Power Output from Machine
Single Line Representation
Fuel & Air
or Steam
Synchronous
Machine
Overview of Compliance Process
· Technical appraisal of critical control systems and Analytical /
Modelling work
· Compliance Testing
· Life-time compliance / Event Investigation / System monitoring
Main Aims:
Purpose of Compliance
· Ensure compliance with Regulatory and Commercial documents
(CUSC, Grid Code, BCA, MSA)
· Avoid connection of plant with inherent design or commissioning defects
· Excitation failures can lead to:
- Pole slipping or Generator instability
· Governor control defects can lead to
- Generators responding erratically with frequency
- Risk of generator trips at times of system stress
Typical Project Timeline
3 Months
18 to 24 Months
6 to 12 Months
Application
&
Offer
Tender
&
Construction
Commissioning
&
Approval
Preliminary Studies
Functional Spec.
Offer
Data Analysis, Model
Simulation, Operational
Notification Process
On-site Testing
Model Verification
Model to Database
Duration Project Milestones NGC Activities
Lifetime Ongoing

Compliance
System Incident
Analysis
Stage
1
2
3
4
Timeline Stage 1
· Application and Offer
Development of New Technology
· Liase with manufacturers on their plant compliance issues
· Understand changes in technology
· Ensure compliance process evolves to meet changes within the
industry
· Discuss with developers the compliance issues related to any unusual
proposals
Application and Offer
Timeline Stage 2
· Tender and Construction
Technical Appraisal of Generating Plant
· Operational Notification Process
· Discuss compliance issues with project developers
· Ensure any problems are identified and addressed early
Tender and Construction
Appraisal of Excitation Control Systems
· Excitation Control System Specification to meet the Grid Code and
Bilateral Agreement
· Ceiling voltage
· Exciter type (static or brushless)
· With or without Power System Stabiliser (PSS)
· Manufacturers PSS tuning study results
Appraisal of Governor Control Systems
· Governor System / Module Load Controller details
· Droop settings
· Target frequency setting facility
· Module frequency operating range 47 to 52Hz
· Governor deadband
· Load rejection / island mode operation
· Compliance with CC6.3.3 / BC3.7.2
Timeline Stage 3
· Commissioning and Approval
Compliance Testing
Commissioning and Approval
Compliance Testing
Why do we need to test?
· To confirm that what is expected from the design is put in place
.... and the right place!
· Are the systems working correctly ?
· Verify the stability and performance of the control systems
· Check the model supplied accurately represents the plant as connected
Typical Excitation System Tests
· Open circuit and full load step responses
· Step test with and without power system stabiliser if applicable
· On load power spectrum analysis for PSS applications
· Under and Over-excitation limiter functionality
Typical Governor System Tests
· On load frequency injections at a number of loading points to
determine;
· Control System robustness
· Governor deadband and droop
· CC6.3.3 functionality
· Plant frequency response capability data to populate a MSA frequency
response matrix
· Load rejection tests to determine the capability to regulate frequency in
a power island
Timeline Stage 4
· Ongoing Compliance
When do we get involved ?
· Event based analysis of performance
· Requests to changes in machines response capability
· Changes to key performance affecting components
Ongoing Compliance
Event Analysis
· Investigate events of non-compliance or unusual plant behaviour
· Check responsive plant against contract for frequency events outside
operational limits
· For significant frequency deviations conduct a review against CC6.3.3 /
BC3.7.2 requirements
Good Response Performance
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
105%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
TIME (mins)
G
E
N
S
E
T

O
U
T
P
U
T

(
%

o
f

R
e
g

C
a
p
)
49.8
49.9
50
50.1
50.2
50.3
F
R
E
Q
U
E
N
C
Y

(
H
z
)
CAPPED COMMITTED LEVEL (MW) MEL FREQUENCY
Event Analysis example (Response)
Good Response Performance
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
105%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
TIME (mins)
G
E
N
S
E
T

O
U
T
P
U
T

(
%

o
f

R
e
g

C
a
p
)
49.8
49.9
50
50.1
50.2
50.3
F
R
E
Q
U
E
N
C
Y

(
H
z
)
CAPPED COMMITTED LEVEL (MW) EXPECTED RESPONSE (MW) MEL FREQUENCY
Good Response Performance
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
105%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
TIME (mins)
G
E
N
S
E
T

O
U
T
P
U
T

(
%

o
f

R
e
g

C
a
p
)
49.8
49.9
50
50.1
50.2
50.3
F
R
E
Q
U
E
N
C
Y

(
H
z
)
GENSET OUTPUT CAPPED COMMITTED LEVEL (MW) EXPECTED RESPONSE (MW) MEL FREQUENCY
Event Analysis example (Response)
Poor Response Perfomance
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
105%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
TIME (mins)
G
E
N
S
E
T

O
U
T
P
U
T

(
%

o
f

R
e
g

C
a
p
)
49.8
49.9
50
50.1
50.2
50.3
F
R
E
Q
U
E
N
C
Y

(
H
z
)
GENSET OUTPUT CAPPED COMMITTED LEVEL (MW) EXPECTED RESPONSE (MW) MEL FREQUENCY
Event Analysis example (Oscillations)
Example of unexpected oscillations
40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
TIME (mins)
G
E
N
S
E
T


P
O
W
E
R

(
%

R
e
g

C
a
p
)
49.8
49.9
50
50.1
50.2
50.3
50.4
F
R
E
Q
U
E
N
C
Y

(
H
z
)
GENSET OUTPUT CAPPED COMMITTED LEVEL (MW) SEL FREQUENCY
Summary
Our compliance process and the team aims are to:
· work with Generators to achieve an understood compliance position
· adopt a pragmatic approach to confirming compliance
· witness compliance tests to confirm the expected performance
· investigate events which could indicate failure of plant to maintain
compliance
Maintaining compliance throughout the plant
lifetime is vital to transmission system integrity
A new Era
World of Wind - What difference does it make?
Compliance of Power Park Modules
Key Issues
· Compliance task - different requirements & project characteristics
· Process reviewed
· Guidance Notes for Power Park Developers
· Help available to get started - site specific documentation
· Your feedback on process awaited
Compliance task
Different requirements - New issue of Grid Code
Different project characteristics
· Thermal Power station - few large synchronous plant
· Power Parks - many asynchronous generators
· Different types of asynchronous generators
· Extensive use of power electronics
· New Grid Code - 1 June 2005
· web address < www.nationalgridinfo.co.uk/grid_code/index.html >
· Requirements based on Point of Connection - variations size & location
· New topic - Fault Ride Through
· Projects characteristics
· Size range extended from 5 MW to 1000MW+
· Volume of projects - 10 fold increase.
Compliance Process review
· Fresh look at process starting with objectives. For:
· System Operator / Transmission Owner
· Generator / Developer
· Contractor / manufacturer
· Compliance moved from Generator Terminals to Point of Connection
· Generic Review of Type information
· Strong emphasis on self certification
· Minimise expensive site activity
· Less predictable source of power
· Consideration of part move to remote access to live data during testing
Guidance Notes for Power Park Developers
· Guidance notes on how to demonstrate compliance - now issued
· web address < www.nationalgridinfo.co.uk/grid_code/mn_associated.html >
· Intended to provide Project Managers with clarity
· Practical methodology to save resources for 3 interest groups
· by maximising reuse of compliance material
· providing a clear path to Operational Notification
· Uniform compliance review by standardised summary & compliance sheets
· Help available to get you started
· project specific compliance sheets - removes N/A requirements
Compliance
.... and at sea
On land ….
Any questions about Compliance
for Generators - Contact us
· We will both be around through lunch
· In NGT House in Warwick
· By telephone to the team phone on (01926) 654601

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