1synopsis (1) (1)
Content
Chapter – 1 Introduction
The term spa is associated with water treatment which is also known
asbalneotherapy. Spa towns or spa resorts (including hot springs resorts) typically offer various health treatments. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters goes back to prehistoric times. Such practices have been popular worldwide, but are especially widespread in Europe and Japan. Day spas are also quite popular, and offer various personal care treatments. Origins of the term The term is derived from the name of the town of Spa, Belgium, whose name is known back to Roman times, when the location was called Aquae Spadanae,sometimes incorrectly connected to the Latin word "spargere" meaning to scatter, sprinkle or moisten. Since medieval times, illnesses caused by iron deficiency were treated by drinking chalybeate (iron-bearing) spring water (in 1326, the ironmaster Collin le Loup claimed a cure, when the spring was called Espa, a Walloon word for "fountain"). In 16th century England, the old Roman ideas of medicinal bathing were revived at towns like Bath, and in 1596 William Slingsby who had been to the Belgian town (which he called Spaw) discovered a chalybeate spring in Yorkshire. He built an enclosed well at what became known as Harrogate, the first resort in England for drinking medicinal waters, then in 1596 Dr Timothy Bright after discovering a second well called the resort The English Spaw, beginning the use of the word Spa as a generic description. It is commonly claimed, in a commercial context, that the word is an acronym of various Latin phrases such as "Salus Per Aquam" or "Sanitas Per Aquam" meaning "health through water". This is very unlikely: the derivation does not appear before the early 21st century and is probably a "backronym" as there is no evidence of acronyms passing into the language before the 20th century;[5] nor does it match the known Roman name for the location.
History The practice of traveling to hot or cold springs in hopes of effecting a cure of some ailment dates back to pre-historic times. Archaeological investigations near hot springs in France
and Czech Republic revealed Bronze Age weapons and offerings. In Great Britain, ancient legend credited early Celtic kings with the discovery of the hot springs at Bath, England. Many people around the world believed that bathing in a particular spring, well, or river resulted in physical and spiritual purification. Forms of ritual purification existed among the native Americans, Persians, Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. Today, ritual purification through water can be found in the religious ceremonies of Jews, Muslims,Christians, Buddhists, and Hindus. These ceremonies reflect the ancient belief in the healing and purifying properties of water. Complex bathing rituals were also practiced in ancient Egypt, in pre-historic cities of the Indus Valley, and in Aegean civilizations. Most often these ancient people did little building construction around the water, and what they did construct was very temporary in nature.
Spa Treatment A body treatment, spa treatment, or cosmetic treatment is non-medical procedure to help the health of the body. It is often performed at a resort, destination spa, day spa, beauty salon or school. Typical treatments include:
• • • • • • • • • • •
Aromatherapy Bathing or soaking in any of the following: Hot spring Onsen (Japanese Hot Springs) Thermae (Roman Hot Springs) Hot tub Mud bath Peat pulp bath Sauna Steam bath Body wraps, wrapping the body in hot linens, plastic sheets and blankets, or mud wraps, often in combination with herbal compounds. Facials, facial cleansing with a variety of products Massage Nail care such as manicures and pedicures Nutrition and weight guidance Personal training
• • • • •
• • •
Skin exfoliation, including chemical peels and microdermabrasion Yoga and meditation Waxing, the removal of body hair with hot wax
Recent trends By the late 1930s more than 2,000 hot- or cold-springs health resorts were operating in the United States. This number had diminished greatly by the 1950s and continued to decline in the following two decades. In the recent past, spas in the U.S. emphasized dietary, exercise, or recreational programs more than traditional bathing activities. Up until recently, the public bathing industry in the U.S. remained stagnant.Nevertheless, in Europe, therapeutic baths have always been very popular, and remain so today. The same is true in Japan, where the traditional hot springs baths, known as onsen, always attracted plenty of visitors. But also in the U.S., with the increasing focus on health and wellness, such treatments are again becoming popular. Resort or Place of Treatment
• • • •
Day spa, a form of beauty salon. Destination spa, a resort for personal care treatments. Spa town, a town visited for the supposed healing properties of the water. Spa near the Mausoleum of Hazrat Mai Safoora Qadiriyya, a well containing supposed healing properties.
Medication or Equipment
• • • • •
Foot spa Hot tub, in United States usage. Soda fountain, in United States usage. Spa (mineral water), from the sources in Spa. Spas usually offer mud baths for general health, or to address a variety of medical conditions. This is also known as 'fangotherapy'. A variety of medicinal clays and peats is used.[21]
International Spa Association definitions Spa - places devoted to overall well-being through a variety of professional services that encourage the renewal of mind, body and spirit. Types of spa
•
Ayurvedic spa, a spa in which all treatments and products are natural and it's often used as alternative medicine. Club spa, a facility whose primary purpose is fitness and which offers a variety of professionally administered spa services on a day-use basis. Cruise ship spa, a spa aboard a cruise ship providing professionally administered spa services, fitness and wellness components and spa cuisine menu choices. Day spa, a spa offering a variety of professionally administered spa services to clients on a day-use basis. Dental spa, a facility under the supervision of a licensed dentist that combines traditional dental treatment with the services of a spa. Destination spa, a facility with the primary purpose of guiding individual spa-goers to develop healthy habits. Historically a seven-day stay, this lifestyle transformation can be accomplished by providing a comprehensive program that includes spa services, physical fitness activities, wellness education, healthful cuisine and special interest programming.
•
•
•
•
•
• •
Hot tub, an outdoor spa used for bathing and self cleansing Medical spa, a facility that operates under the full-time, on-site supervision of a licensed health care professional whose primary purpose is to provide comprehensive medical and wellness care in an environment that integrates spa services, as well as traditional, complimentary and/or alternative therapies and treatments. The facility operates within the scope of practice of its staff, which can include both aesthetic/cosmetic and prevention/wellness procedures and services. These spas typically usebalneotherapy, employing a variety of peloids.
•
"Balneotherapy treatments can have different purposes. In a spa setting, they can be used to treat conditions such as arthritis and backache, build up muscles after injury or illness or to stimulate the immune system, and they can be enjoyed as a relief from day-to-day stress."[23]
•
Mineral springs spa, a spa offering an on-site source of natural mineral, thermal or seawater used in hydrotherapy treatments.
•
Resort/hotel spa, a spa owned by and located within a resort or hotel providing professionally administered spa services, fitness and wellness components and spa cuisine menu choices.
•
Mobile spa, a spa which provides services at home, hotels, or wherever you are.
Chapter – 2 Spas In India
India Spa focuses on the holistic approach towards overall healing coupled with Ayurvedic approach of treatments. Among many therapies the Spa in India is the most preferred one as it takes away tension from a hectic daily schedule and refreshes the individual to achieve harmony between body and mind. The spa treatments in india are based on ancient Ayurvedic procedure that helps in balancing body and mind to create a harmonious life. This therapeutic treatment revitalises body, mind and soul with the use of specific oils, herbs and aromas that are chosen to rejuvenate spirit, maintain optimal balance and nourish mind-body constitution. All therapies of India Spa are natural, gentle, and delightfully pleasing.
Ayurvedic Spa helps in transforming and unlocking hidden reserves of energy. This treatment is a customized form of scientific Ayurveda with advanced training system enabling you to live life to its fullest. The growing health consciousness popularizes this alternative medicinal approach which attracts scores of people because of no side effects. In general, spa is a place where one can receive spa treatments such as massage, facials, and body treatments. The Spa treatments India enhance health and well-being by developing balance between body, mind and soul.
DIFFERENT AYURVEDIC SPAS IN INDIA Day Spa: It offers spa treatments exclusively on a day-use basis. Day Spa Centres provide short duration spa treatments such as massage, facials and body treatments, like sea salt scrubs and mud wraps. They are called day spas because you don’t spend the night there. This type of treatment is generally preferred by those who want quick physical and mental refreshment or wish to enhance their beauty. Some of the most common treatments of Day Spa Express are Manicure, Hair Salon, Eyelash Extensions, Pedicure, Acupuncture, Facial and Anti Stress Treatments.
Destination Spa: Its sole purpose is to help you enjoy a healthier lifestyle through spa treatments, exercise, and educational programming. You stay here for at least two nights. The number of nights increases up to one week depending on the treatments and requirements of the person. Spa cuisine is served exclusively.
Resort/Hotel Spa: It is located within a resort or hotel. In this you get complete range of spa services, fitness classes and spa cuisine which help travellers to enjoy their stay during vacation. In resort or hotel spa you get complete range of spa treatments based on your choice and availability. According to your choice you can choose from several spa packages.
FACILITIES AT INDIAN SPA CENTRES Spa in India comes with a range of facilties and services, provided based on individual's requirements. Spa Centres in India usually encompasses the following:
• • • • • • •
Health / Fitness Assessments Personal Fitness Training Body Composition Analysis Physiotherapy Gymnasium with state-of-the-art Equipment Outdoor Pool for activities like Volleyball & Aqua Aerobics Exercise studio for all Aerobic and Workout Programs
Chapter – 3 SOME SPA TREATMENTS
1.
Hand Spa: Sometimes our hands get hard and peel skin accidently. Hands nourishing treatment
is the alternative to reveal softly and smoothly skin of your hand. The approximate time is 45 minutes. 2. Foot Spa: Not only releasing tightness in the feet but also relaxing the whole body because feet the assemble point of other nerves. Tried feet suddenly feel lightagain and the whole body is refreshed by messaging. You can stimulate thewhole body. The approximate time is 60 minutes. 3. Body Scrub: You can say goodbye to your dead skin and unveil a smoother morerejuvenated skin with these divinely aromatic scrubs. Your skin will feel refreshedand reborn. The approximate time is 60 minutes 4. Body Wrap: Our body wrap recipe is made up of a fresh daily blend of ingredients thatincludes special herbs and oils. The more times you perform a body wrap the faster and better the results. You will be amazed at how soft and healthy your skin willfeel and look after. The approximate time is 60 minutes. 5. Massage:
Swedish Massage--- A unique European full-body massage that applies acombination of light and deep stroke massages to stimulate blood circulation andlymphatic flow, relieves muscle tension and reduces stress by leaving you in acomfortable state of relaxation. The approximate time is 90 minutes. Aroma Massage--- Aromatherapy is the use of aromatic plant essences, as essentialoils promote health and balance in the body. An Aromatherapy massage is principallythe same
as a traditional Swedish massage, but with the use of essential oils .Themassage encourages the essential oil to be absorbed into the body via the skin. Theapproximate time is 90 minutes. Stone Massage--- Hot stone massage is a specialty massage that uses smooth,heated stones. They are often basalt, a black volcanic rock that absorbs and retainsheat well. It is a deeply soothing, relaxing form of massage. The heat helps tightmuscles release. The approximate time is 90 minutes. Special retreat Anti Stress: The combination of massage or specific area as head, neck and shoulder to relaxand reduce body tensions to healthy and well being. The approximate time is 60minutes. Facial Treatment: This is a fresh and radiant treatment nourishing youskin. In twenty steps including whether it is: cleansing,deep cleansing, Peeling, Massaging and improving your skin by using mask and specific serum depending onskin type.- Nourishing Treatment for Normal +Combination Skin- Moisturizing Treatment for Dry Skin- Purifying Treatment for Oily SkinThe approximate time is 60 minutes Royal Thai Massage: An ancient art traditions practiced throughoutThailand. This treatment improves blood circulationand energy flow as it relaxes tensed muscles andligaments. Pressure points in the body are probed andkneaded, to suit your preference of soft or hardmassage. The treatment leaves you with a feeling of lightness of being. The approximate time is 120minutes Spa products These includes daily product which customers can buy from us.- Soap- Body lotion- Body scrub- Oil Scent candle- Pot pouri ()Severous smells can be choose due to the guests preference. There is Black amethyst, sweet pea, Jasmine, rose, Pandan, Thai Mint. Each smell representdifferent atmosphere.
Chapter – 4 Review of Literature
Companies in this industry operate spas and wellness centers. Major companies include destination spa chains Canyon Ranch and Golden Door, massage clinic franchise Massage Envy, day spa franchise Woodhouse Spa, and Steiner Leisure, which operates spas on cruise ships and at resorts and hotels. Competitive Landscape Demand for spa services is driven by personal income and demographic trends. The profitability of individual companies depends on efficient resource use and effective marketing. Larger companies have some economies of scale in marketing and purchasing. Small companies compete by offering unique services, catering to a local market, and delivering a superior customer experience. The fitness and recreational sports centers industry, which includes spa services, is fragmented: the top 50 companies account for about one-third of sales. Products, Operations & Technology Major providers of spa services are day spas (about 80 percent of locations); resort and hotel spas (10 percent); and medical spas (10 percent). Other providers include club spas, mineral springs spas, and destination spas. Day spas include hair and nail salons with "spa" in the name that may offer a few traditional spa services. Medical spas focus on services provided by healthcare professionals, such as Botox injections and laser hair removal. Destination spas offer lodging and a specific health regime, such as weight loss or detoxification programs. Spas: The Risks and Benefits The ads are enticing and hard to miss: A serene atmosphere featuring relaxed and beautiful people, all of whom ostensibly got that way by living the "spa" life. In fact, from day spas to weekend spas to weeklong spa getaways, this form of "healthy" relaxation has become so popular that a 2006 survey by the International Spa Association (ISPA) reports one-quarter of all American adults - some 57 million folks - plus 4 million teens have had at least one visit to a spa.
Among the reasons cited: Stress reduction and relief, soothing sore joints and muscles, and simply feeling better about oneself. And experts say the survey findings doesn't surprise them. "Going to a spa is a way of getting taken care of that is psychologically and culturally acceptable -- and we can carry that feeling of being cared for with us for a period of time, and very often that can help us cope better with stress," says NYU professor of psychiatry Virginia Sadock, MD. Moreover, she says, most spa treatments involve being touched, a key element in helping us relax and feel better. "Physical contact is necessary to our well-being, and even if the touching is from a stranger, if that stranger is a professional there to pamper you, that touch will have a beneficial effect," says Sadock. And at least some studies show that these benefits can translate into better health. In one study of more than 3,300 Japanese government workers, frequency of spa use was linked to better physical and mental health, including better quality sleep and fewer sick days. In a similar study on German data conducted by researchers from Florida State University and George Mason University, spa therapy reduced both absenteeism from work and hospitalizations. But are all spa treatments equal? And are there any hidden dangers that might prove unhealthy? WebMD discovered some surprising truths along the route to better health. Spas: Are They Safe? Who could forget the headlines that nearly wiped out the cruise ship industry: Hundreds of people stricken with Legionnaires' disease, a potentially deadly pneumonia traced to a heated spa whirlpool bath located aboard a luxury cruise ship. Since that time, medical literature has been teeming with studies on similar situations, all indicating that communal pools, saunas, and other water-related spa treatments hold not only the potential to transmit this germ, but a host of equally threatening organisms. "In many spa treatments that involve water, including hot whirlpool baths, very seldom do they change the water. They toss in some chlorine to keep bacteria counts down, but in no way does this eradicate organisms completely," says Philip Tierno Jr., PhD, director of microbiology at NYU Medical Center and author of The Secret Life of Germs.
And while he says some germs will succumb to chlorine, others, like those with a "biofilm" (a kind of molecular adhesive that binds several organisms together including those which cause Legionnaires' disease), it won't do a thing. "You would need 1,500 times the amount normally used to kill it -- you would kill people before you would kill the organism," says Tierno. And that, he says, means many spas can put you at risk. "It's not just heated pools and warm baths that are problem -- and it's not just Legionnaires' disease about which you should be concerned," he says. Other bacteria can also thrive in these conditions. "These organisms love hot, wet environments -- spas are heated and steamy, and when you inhale vaporized water in this atmosphere you are potentially inhaling whatever organisms are present," he says. Dermatologist Ellen Marmur, MD, says she's most concerned about risks to spa users seeking relief for skin problems, such as dermatitis or psoriasis. She says any break in the skin can increase the risk of germ transmission from surface areas like tables, baths, and even hot rocks or other items placed on the surface of the body during treatment. "Even a bad sunburn can leave the skin compromised so that picking up an organism is easier," says Marmur. Moreover, she reminds us that some spa treatments such as full body exfoliation might actually increase risks further by creating microscopic tears in the skin that act as an invitation for germs to enter the body. "When spa attendants don't wear gloves -- and most of them don't -- the risk of disease transmission is even greater," says Marmur. Tierno says other risky spa treatments include manicures and pedicures, particularly if the cuticles are cut and especially if the instruments are not properly cleaned. Indeed, in the recent past an outbreak of a nasty bacterial infection causing skin boils was traced to unsanitary conditions in a manicure-pedicure salon. "I always suggest bringing your own instruments. It's much safer than being treated with anything they supply," he says. Spas: Can They Deliver Their Promises? Among the biggest spa draws are the exotic treatment offerings -- and the equally exotic promises. From body rubs that attack cellulite, to lymphatic massages that promise to cleanse your body of toxins, to mud baths and anti-aging seaweed wraps guaranteed to soothe your skin and your psyche, the promises can go from the simple to the outrageous. Assuming the spas take steps to prevent germ transmission, do any of the treatments themselves have risks? And do they even work? Experts say some do, and some clearly do not.
"As a dermatologist and a spa owner, I think that there is a place for some of the more exotic spa treatments. But does that mean that a caviar wrap from head to toe is going to transform you? No, just your wallet," says Ken Beer, MD, director of Palm Beach Aesthetics in Palm Beach, Fla. Likewise, he says treatments that promise to banish cellulite offer, at best, a temporary change in skin texture and nothing more. Marmur agrees. "What can happen is that the treatment causes swelling so the little spaces in between the dimples fill in. But the result is only temporary," she says. A full body seaweed wrap may be another treatment to be cautious about. Beer says seaweed wraps - with their high iodine content -- can be helpful to some folks and harmful to others. "Whatever you are applying to your skin can get into your bloodstream. ... If [iodine found in seaweed] is applied in high concentrations [it] may result in a nasty breakout on the skin, and other minerals can work the same way," he says. Moreover, Sadock warns that some folks can get extremely claustrophobic in a full body wrap of any kind - and end up with an experience that is anything but stress reducing. "Some people like the feeling of being cocooned or swaddled, and others feel like they have to get out - if you think you might feel that way, ask if the spa will leave your arms out of the wrap, which lessens the anxiety," she says. Moreover, if you are the anxious type, Sadock suggests doing a walk-through or even observe treatments before you sign on for one. "The one thing you don't want is for a treatment to increase your stress," she says. Spa Treatments: What Works While some spa treatments may do little, experts say others can do a lot. Among the ones frequently recommended by some doctors is the lymphatic draining massage. "Lymphatic draining does help, particularly in areas that have been affected by surgery. Many of my patients that have had lymph nodes removed develop swelling that can be improved with lymphatic draining, which returns fluids back into circulation," says Beer. Lymphatic draining massage should not be done if certain conditions are present or suspected, including active infection or inflammation, cancer, blood clots, and congestive heart failure. Another helpful treatment: Mudpacks and mineral water mud baths, which Marmur says have anti-inflammatory activity that can remedy some skin problems including psoriasis.
In one small Italian study, doctors found that mineral water mud baths yielded a significant reduction in symptoms caused by psoriasis. A second study found mud baths offered promising relief for those suffering with osteoarthritis. "The only thing to look out for is that psoriasis can flare from any trauma to the skin - so if the massage is rough, or the mud not well refined, it could actually make problems worse," she says. But while it may be a specific spa promise that draws you in, experts say that for many folks the real value still lies not in the treatment itself, but in the pampering feeling that is universal to the spa experience. Says Sadock: "The treatment is less important than the whole concept of being coddled that's really what going to a spa is all about."
Chapter – 5 Need of the Study
According to the ISPA (International Spa Association) 2006 SPA-GOER STUDY, roughly 32.2 million adults in the U.S. visited a spa in 2005. The top 3 reasons for visiting a spa were indulgence, escape, and self improvement. The favorite types of spas visited were Day Spas (53%), Resort/Destination Spas (25%). Cruise ship spas and medical spas came in at 8% and 6% respectively. The Pink Report, another consumer trending researcher, reported in their March 2006 edition, when survey respondents were asked to identify their favorite stress reducers, 57% said that a long walk, hot bath, glass of wine or chocolate was their most common method to reduce stress. The remaining 43% selected spa services as their favorite stress reducer, with Massage and Body treatments accounting for the number one choice, and Facials and Pedicures following close behind. That research also indicated a consumer shift of thinking from a purely “physical” definition of beauty to now include a “feel good”, “take care”, and “general health” component to their spa visits. Another authoritative consumer researcher is Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability (LOHAS). LOHAS publishes reports on five key market sectors which represent a $228.9 billion US market. They include Sustainable Economy ($76.47 billion), Ecological Lifestyles ($81.19 billion), Healthy Lifestyles ($30 billion), Personal Development ($10.63 billion), and Alternative Healthcare ($30.7 billion). According to LOHAS, the core of the consumer sector is 66 million women. Their research indicates that today’s woman has a lifestyle that incorporates three elements, Health (Diet, Nutrition, Exercise), Beauty (Fashion, Style, Identity, Self Esteem, Well Being), and Balance (Life, Family, Career). The research data also supports that they have a strong belief in and are driven by the interconnection of mind, body, and spirit. The consensus amongst all three of these reputable researchers is that today’s consumer has developed a need for spa services not only for indulgence purposes and traditional beauty services, but also to take care of themselves, and balance their stressful lives. For today’s consumer fighting stress has become a critical component of health, wellness, and beauty. In that regard, spas have become integrated into their day to day lifestyle. They not only visit Day Spas on a regular basis, but also will seek out a spa experience during their business travel and business conference obligations.
Chapter – 5 Objectives of the Study
To provide a strong foundation for the growth of the spa and wellness industry in To promote awareness and strengthen the profile of ’s spa and wellness industry locally, nationally and internationally To educate the public of the many health benefits derived from spa treatments and therapies To improve the knowledge, technical skills and professionalism of all spa and wellness industry professionals To establish and maintain professional standards for training, administration, service, safety and product suppliers To provide an active forum for the exchange of ideas and information between spa and wellness industry professionals, suppliers and affiliated businesses and organizations To liaise with other sectors of ’s tourism industry to promote integrated growth
Chapter – 7 Research Methodology
In Accordance with the problem to be researched the research design have been classify broadly into three categories. These are as follows: Exploratory Research Design Descriptive Research Design Hypothesis Testing or Experimental Research Design. What are data? Data constitute the most important part of any research. Without it no information can be generated. It is food for an analysis and ultimately helps us in tackling the research problem. There are a number of methods of collecting data Sources of data: the sources of data may be classified as: 1. 2. Primary data Secondary data
Primary Data Primary data is first hand information collected through various methods such as observations, interviewing etc. It is collected by the researchers from original sources. The primary data is unique to you and your research and until you publish no one else has access to it. There are various methods of collecting primary data. The important methods include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Observation Experiment Survey Interview Case studies Teleconferencing.
Secondary Data Secondary data In research, Secondary data is collected and possibly processed by people other than the researcher in question. Common sources of secondary data for social science include censuses, large surveys, and organizational records. In sociology primary
data is data you have collected yourself and secondary data is data you have gathered from primary sources to create new research. In terms of historical research, these two terms have different meanings. A primary source is a book or set of archival records. A secondary source is a summary of a book or set of records. Secondary data analysis is commonly known as second-hand analysis. It is simply the analysis of pre existing data in a different way or to answer a different question than originally intended. Secondary data analysis utilizes the data that was collected by someone else in order to further a study that you are interested in completing. Format of Questionnaire: The questionnaire starts with the Place of survey and the name of local community about which the information is required. Then comes the Months of Peak Season through we can know the capacity of local community and how much revenue that local community generate in peak and lean season. After this come the Average income which is quite important in this study and it also help to know about trend of market. Each Local community have different average income according to there category and the services they provide to their customer. Average revenue is the next in the questionnaire in Season and in off-season. Now comes about the employees of the local communitys. The no. of employees, their categorization, their average salary and about the percentage of skilled and unskilled labour in the local community. Then comes the about the market from which the local community purchase most consumable things for their need. Destination from which local community attracts the maximum number of tourist and the way through which they market their local community comes next in the format. Finally comes the strength and weakness of the local community their salient feature/facilities of the local community and the average Annual Income of the local community.
Total Sample Size: Total numbers of local community under consideration were 60. Sample Design: For the present study qualitative approach is undertaken by us, the sampling gives liberty to us to minimize the total population and by the sincere efforts we can make the sample size real representative of the total population. The sampling helped a lot and saved a lot of time and money too. The sampling can be divided into two groups, probability and non¬probability sampling which are used by the researcher for the better result to find out Economic impact of tourism, a survey of local community. Population: The total number of local community in the Area is the population. Sampling Method: In the present study the local communitys of Kufri and Naldera is only considered therefore Single stage Sampling has been used in the present study. Tools and Techniques: Keeping in view of the study, the data collected have been analyzed and interpreted with the help of Mathematical Methods Stastical Methods
The term spa is associated with water treatment which is also known
asbalneotherapy. Spa towns or spa resorts (including hot springs resorts) typically offer various health treatments. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters goes back to prehistoric times. Such practices have been popular worldwide, but are especially widespread in Europe and Japan. Day spas are also quite popular, and offer various personal care treatments. Origins of the term The term is derived from the name of the town of Spa, Belgium, whose name is known back to Roman times, when the location was called Aquae Spadanae,sometimes incorrectly connected to the Latin word "spargere" meaning to scatter, sprinkle or moisten. Since medieval times, illnesses caused by iron deficiency were treated by drinking chalybeate (iron-bearing) spring water (in 1326, the ironmaster Collin le Loup claimed a cure, when the spring was called Espa, a Walloon word for "fountain"). In 16th century England, the old Roman ideas of medicinal bathing were revived at towns like Bath, and in 1596 William Slingsby who had been to the Belgian town (which he called Spaw) discovered a chalybeate spring in Yorkshire. He built an enclosed well at what became known as Harrogate, the first resort in England for drinking medicinal waters, then in 1596 Dr Timothy Bright after discovering a second well called the resort The English Spaw, beginning the use of the word Spa as a generic description. It is commonly claimed, in a commercial context, that the word is an acronym of various Latin phrases such as "Salus Per Aquam" or "Sanitas Per Aquam" meaning "health through water". This is very unlikely: the derivation does not appear before the early 21st century and is probably a "backronym" as there is no evidence of acronyms passing into the language before the 20th century;[5] nor does it match the known Roman name for the location.
History The practice of traveling to hot or cold springs in hopes of effecting a cure of some ailment dates back to pre-historic times. Archaeological investigations near hot springs in France
and Czech Republic revealed Bronze Age weapons and offerings. In Great Britain, ancient legend credited early Celtic kings with the discovery of the hot springs at Bath, England. Many people around the world believed that bathing in a particular spring, well, or river resulted in physical and spiritual purification. Forms of ritual purification existed among the native Americans, Persians, Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. Today, ritual purification through water can be found in the religious ceremonies of Jews, Muslims,Christians, Buddhists, and Hindus. These ceremonies reflect the ancient belief in the healing and purifying properties of water. Complex bathing rituals were also practiced in ancient Egypt, in pre-historic cities of the Indus Valley, and in Aegean civilizations. Most often these ancient people did little building construction around the water, and what they did construct was very temporary in nature.
Spa Treatment A body treatment, spa treatment, or cosmetic treatment is non-medical procedure to help the health of the body. It is often performed at a resort, destination spa, day spa, beauty salon or school. Typical treatments include:
• • • • • • • • • • •
Aromatherapy Bathing or soaking in any of the following: Hot spring Onsen (Japanese Hot Springs) Thermae (Roman Hot Springs) Hot tub Mud bath Peat pulp bath Sauna Steam bath Body wraps, wrapping the body in hot linens, plastic sheets and blankets, or mud wraps, often in combination with herbal compounds. Facials, facial cleansing with a variety of products Massage Nail care such as manicures and pedicures Nutrition and weight guidance Personal training
• • • • •
• • •
Skin exfoliation, including chemical peels and microdermabrasion Yoga and meditation Waxing, the removal of body hair with hot wax
Recent trends By the late 1930s more than 2,000 hot- or cold-springs health resorts were operating in the United States. This number had diminished greatly by the 1950s and continued to decline in the following two decades. In the recent past, spas in the U.S. emphasized dietary, exercise, or recreational programs more than traditional bathing activities. Up until recently, the public bathing industry in the U.S. remained stagnant.Nevertheless, in Europe, therapeutic baths have always been very popular, and remain so today. The same is true in Japan, where the traditional hot springs baths, known as onsen, always attracted plenty of visitors. But also in the U.S., with the increasing focus on health and wellness, such treatments are again becoming popular. Resort or Place of Treatment
• • • •
Day spa, a form of beauty salon. Destination spa, a resort for personal care treatments. Spa town, a town visited for the supposed healing properties of the water. Spa near the Mausoleum of Hazrat Mai Safoora Qadiriyya, a well containing supposed healing properties.
Medication or Equipment
• • • • •
Foot spa Hot tub, in United States usage. Soda fountain, in United States usage. Spa (mineral water), from the sources in Spa. Spas usually offer mud baths for general health, or to address a variety of medical conditions. This is also known as 'fangotherapy'. A variety of medicinal clays and peats is used.[21]
International Spa Association definitions Spa - places devoted to overall well-being through a variety of professional services that encourage the renewal of mind, body and spirit. Types of spa
•
Ayurvedic spa, a spa in which all treatments and products are natural and it's often used as alternative medicine. Club spa, a facility whose primary purpose is fitness and which offers a variety of professionally administered spa services on a day-use basis. Cruise ship spa, a spa aboard a cruise ship providing professionally administered spa services, fitness and wellness components and spa cuisine menu choices. Day spa, a spa offering a variety of professionally administered spa services to clients on a day-use basis. Dental spa, a facility under the supervision of a licensed dentist that combines traditional dental treatment with the services of a spa. Destination spa, a facility with the primary purpose of guiding individual spa-goers to develop healthy habits. Historically a seven-day stay, this lifestyle transformation can be accomplished by providing a comprehensive program that includes spa services, physical fitness activities, wellness education, healthful cuisine and special interest programming.
•
•
•
•
•
• •
Hot tub, an outdoor spa used for bathing and self cleansing Medical spa, a facility that operates under the full-time, on-site supervision of a licensed health care professional whose primary purpose is to provide comprehensive medical and wellness care in an environment that integrates spa services, as well as traditional, complimentary and/or alternative therapies and treatments. The facility operates within the scope of practice of its staff, which can include both aesthetic/cosmetic and prevention/wellness procedures and services. These spas typically usebalneotherapy, employing a variety of peloids.
•
"Balneotherapy treatments can have different purposes. In a spa setting, they can be used to treat conditions such as arthritis and backache, build up muscles after injury or illness or to stimulate the immune system, and they can be enjoyed as a relief from day-to-day stress."[23]
•
Mineral springs spa, a spa offering an on-site source of natural mineral, thermal or seawater used in hydrotherapy treatments.
•
Resort/hotel spa, a spa owned by and located within a resort or hotel providing professionally administered spa services, fitness and wellness components and spa cuisine menu choices.
•
Mobile spa, a spa which provides services at home, hotels, or wherever you are.
Chapter – 2 Spas In India
India Spa focuses on the holistic approach towards overall healing coupled with Ayurvedic approach of treatments. Among many therapies the Spa in India is the most preferred one as it takes away tension from a hectic daily schedule and refreshes the individual to achieve harmony between body and mind. The spa treatments in india are based on ancient Ayurvedic procedure that helps in balancing body and mind to create a harmonious life. This therapeutic treatment revitalises body, mind and soul with the use of specific oils, herbs and aromas that are chosen to rejuvenate spirit, maintain optimal balance and nourish mind-body constitution. All therapies of India Spa are natural, gentle, and delightfully pleasing.
Ayurvedic Spa helps in transforming and unlocking hidden reserves of energy. This treatment is a customized form of scientific Ayurveda with advanced training system enabling you to live life to its fullest. The growing health consciousness popularizes this alternative medicinal approach which attracts scores of people because of no side effects. In general, spa is a place where one can receive spa treatments such as massage, facials, and body treatments. The Spa treatments India enhance health and well-being by developing balance between body, mind and soul.
DIFFERENT AYURVEDIC SPAS IN INDIA Day Spa: It offers spa treatments exclusively on a day-use basis. Day Spa Centres provide short duration spa treatments such as massage, facials and body treatments, like sea salt scrubs and mud wraps. They are called day spas because you don’t spend the night there. This type of treatment is generally preferred by those who want quick physical and mental refreshment or wish to enhance their beauty. Some of the most common treatments of Day Spa Express are Manicure, Hair Salon, Eyelash Extensions, Pedicure, Acupuncture, Facial and Anti Stress Treatments.
Destination Spa: Its sole purpose is to help you enjoy a healthier lifestyle through spa treatments, exercise, and educational programming. You stay here for at least two nights. The number of nights increases up to one week depending on the treatments and requirements of the person. Spa cuisine is served exclusively.
Resort/Hotel Spa: It is located within a resort or hotel. In this you get complete range of spa services, fitness classes and spa cuisine which help travellers to enjoy their stay during vacation. In resort or hotel spa you get complete range of spa treatments based on your choice and availability. According to your choice you can choose from several spa packages.
FACILITIES AT INDIAN SPA CENTRES Spa in India comes with a range of facilties and services, provided based on individual's requirements. Spa Centres in India usually encompasses the following:
• • • • • • •
Health / Fitness Assessments Personal Fitness Training Body Composition Analysis Physiotherapy Gymnasium with state-of-the-art Equipment Outdoor Pool for activities like Volleyball & Aqua Aerobics Exercise studio for all Aerobic and Workout Programs
Chapter – 3 SOME SPA TREATMENTS
1.
Hand Spa: Sometimes our hands get hard and peel skin accidently. Hands nourishing treatment
is the alternative to reveal softly and smoothly skin of your hand. The approximate time is 45 minutes. 2. Foot Spa: Not only releasing tightness in the feet but also relaxing the whole body because feet the assemble point of other nerves. Tried feet suddenly feel lightagain and the whole body is refreshed by messaging. You can stimulate thewhole body. The approximate time is 60 minutes. 3. Body Scrub: You can say goodbye to your dead skin and unveil a smoother morerejuvenated skin with these divinely aromatic scrubs. Your skin will feel refreshedand reborn. The approximate time is 60 minutes 4. Body Wrap: Our body wrap recipe is made up of a fresh daily blend of ingredients thatincludes special herbs and oils. The more times you perform a body wrap the faster and better the results. You will be amazed at how soft and healthy your skin willfeel and look after. The approximate time is 60 minutes. 5. Massage:
Swedish Massage--- A unique European full-body massage that applies acombination of light and deep stroke massages to stimulate blood circulation andlymphatic flow, relieves muscle tension and reduces stress by leaving you in acomfortable state of relaxation. The approximate time is 90 minutes. Aroma Massage--- Aromatherapy is the use of aromatic plant essences, as essentialoils promote health and balance in the body. An Aromatherapy massage is principallythe same
as a traditional Swedish massage, but with the use of essential oils .Themassage encourages the essential oil to be absorbed into the body via the skin. Theapproximate time is 90 minutes. Stone Massage--- Hot stone massage is a specialty massage that uses smooth,heated stones. They are often basalt, a black volcanic rock that absorbs and retainsheat well. It is a deeply soothing, relaxing form of massage. The heat helps tightmuscles release. The approximate time is 90 minutes. Special retreat Anti Stress: The combination of massage or specific area as head, neck and shoulder to relaxand reduce body tensions to healthy and well being. The approximate time is 60minutes. Facial Treatment: This is a fresh and radiant treatment nourishing youskin. In twenty steps including whether it is: cleansing,deep cleansing, Peeling, Massaging and improving your skin by using mask and specific serum depending onskin type.- Nourishing Treatment for Normal +Combination Skin- Moisturizing Treatment for Dry Skin- Purifying Treatment for Oily SkinThe approximate time is 60 minutes Royal Thai Massage: An ancient art traditions practiced throughoutThailand. This treatment improves blood circulationand energy flow as it relaxes tensed muscles andligaments. Pressure points in the body are probed andkneaded, to suit your preference of soft or hardmassage. The treatment leaves you with a feeling of lightness of being. The approximate time is 120minutes Spa products These includes daily product which customers can buy from us.- Soap- Body lotion- Body scrub- Oil Scent candle- Pot pouri ()Severous smells can be choose due to the guests preference. There is Black amethyst, sweet pea, Jasmine, rose, Pandan, Thai Mint. Each smell representdifferent atmosphere.
Chapter – 4 Review of Literature
Companies in this industry operate spas and wellness centers. Major companies include destination spa chains Canyon Ranch and Golden Door, massage clinic franchise Massage Envy, day spa franchise Woodhouse Spa, and Steiner Leisure, which operates spas on cruise ships and at resorts and hotels. Competitive Landscape Demand for spa services is driven by personal income and demographic trends. The profitability of individual companies depends on efficient resource use and effective marketing. Larger companies have some economies of scale in marketing and purchasing. Small companies compete by offering unique services, catering to a local market, and delivering a superior customer experience. The fitness and recreational sports centers industry, which includes spa services, is fragmented: the top 50 companies account for about one-third of sales. Products, Operations & Technology Major providers of spa services are day spas (about 80 percent of locations); resort and hotel spas (10 percent); and medical spas (10 percent). Other providers include club spas, mineral springs spas, and destination spas. Day spas include hair and nail salons with "spa" in the name that may offer a few traditional spa services. Medical spas focus on services provided by healthcare professionals, such as Botox injections and laser hair removal. Destination spas offer lodging and a specific health regime, such as weight loss or detoxification programs. Spas: The Risks and Benefits The ads are enticing and hard to miss: A serene atmosphere featuring relaxed and beautiful people, all of whom ostensibly got that way by living the "spa" life. In fact, from day spas to weekend spas to weeklong spa getaways, this form of "healthy" relaxation has become so popular that a 2006 survey by the International Spa Association (ISPA) reports one-quarter of all American adults - some 57 million folks - plus 4 million teens have had at least one visit to a spa.
Among the reasons cited: Stress reduction and relief, soothing sore joints and muscles, and simply feeling better about oneself. And experts say the survey findings doesn't surprise them. "Going to a spa is a way of getting taken care of that is psychologically and culturally acceptable -- and we can carry that feeling of being cared for with us for a period of time, and very often that can help us cope better with stress," says NYU professor of psychiatry Virginia Sadock, MD. Moreover, she says, most spa treatments involve being touched, a key element in helping us relax and feel better. "Physical contact is necessary to our well-being, and even if the touching is from a stranger, if that stranger is a professional there to pamper you, that touch will have a beneficial effect," says Sadock. And at least some studies show that these benefits can translate into better health. In one study of more than 3,300 Japanese government workers, frequency of spa use was linked to better physical and mental health, including better quality sleep and fewer sick days. In a similar study on German data conducted by researchers from Florida State University and George Mason University, spa therapy reduced both absenteeism from work and hospitalizations. But are all spa treatments equal? And are there any hidden dangers that might prove unhealthy? WebMD discovered some surprising truths along the route to better health. Spas: Are They Safe? Who could forget the headlines that nearly wiped out the cruise ship industry: Hundreds of people stricken with Legionnaires' disease, a potentially deadly pneumonia traced to a heated spa whirlpool bath located aboard a luxury cruise ship. Since that time, medical literature has been teeming with studies on similar situations, all indicating that communal pools, saunas, and other water-related spa treatments hold not only the potential to transmit this germ, but a host of equally threatening organisms. "In many spa treatments that involve water, including hot whirlpool baths, very seldom do they change the water. They toss in some chlorine to keep bacteria counts down, but in no way does this eradicate organisms completely," says Philip Tierno Jr., PhD, director of microbiology at NYU Medical Center and author of The Secret Life of Germs.
And while he says some germs will succumb to chlorine, others, like those with a "biofilm" (a kind of molecular adhesive that binds several organisms together including those which cause Legionnaires' disease), it won't do a thing. "You would need 1,500 times the amount normally used to kill it -- you would kill people before you would kill the organism," says Tierno. And that, he says, means many spas can put you at risk. "It's not just heated pools and warm baths that are problem -- and it's not just Legionnaires' disease about which you should be concerned," he says. Other bacteria can also thrive in these conditions. "These organisms love hot, wet environments -- spas are heated and steamy, and when you inhale vaporized water in this atmosphere you are potentially inhaling whatever organisms are present," he says. Dermatologist Ellen Marmur, MD, says she's most concerned about risks to spa users seeking relief for skin problems, such as dermatitis or psoriasis. She says any break in the skin can increase the risk of germ transmission from surface areas like tables, baths, and even hot rocks or other items placed on the surface of the body during treatment. "Even a bad sunburn can leave the skin compromised so that picking up an organism is easier," says Marmur. Moreover, she reminds us that some spa treatments such as full body exfoliation might actually increase risks further by creating microscopic tears in the skin that act as an invitation for germs to enter the body. "When spa attendants don't wear gloves -- and most of them don't -- the risk of disease transmission is even greater," says Marmur. Tierno says other risky spa treatments include manicures and pedicures, particularly if the cuticles are cut and especially if the instruments are not properly cleaned. Indeed, in the recent past an outbreak of a nasty bacterial infection causing skin boils was traced to unsanitary conditions in a manicure-pedicure salon. "I always suggest bringing your own instruments. It's much safer than being treated with anything they supply," he says. Spas: Can They Deliver Their Promises? Among the biggest spa draws are the exotic treatment offerings -- and the equally exotic promises. From body rubs that attack cellulite, to lymphatic massages that promise to cleanse your body of toxins, to mud baths and anti-aging seaweed wraps guaranteed to soothe your skin and your psyche, the promises can go from the simple to the outrageous. Assuming the spas take steps to prevent germ transmission, do any of the treatments themselves have risks? And do they even work? Experts say some do, and some clearly do not.
"As a dermatologist and a spa owner, I think that there is a place for some of the more exotic spa treatments. But does that mean that a caviar wrap from head to toe is going to transform you? No, just your wallet," says Ken Beer, MD, director of Palm Beach Aesthetics in Palm Beach, Fla. Likewise, he says treatments that promise to banish cellulite offer, at best, a temporary change in skin texture and nothing more. Marmur agrees. "What can happen is that the treatment causes swelling so the little spaces in between the dimples fill in. But the result is only temporary," she says. A full body seaweed wrap may be another treatment to be cautious about. Beer says seaweed wraps - with their high iodine content -- can be helpful to some folks and harmful to others. "Whatever you are applying to your skin can get into your bloodstream. ... If [iodine found in seaweed] is applied in high concentrations [it] may result in a nasty breakout on the skin, and other minerals can work the same way," he says. Moreover, Sadock warns that some folks can get extremely claustrophobic in a full body wrap of any kind - and end up with an experience that is anything but stress reducing. "Some people like the feeling of being cocooned or swaddled, and others feel like they have to get out - if you think you might feel that way, ask if the spa will leave your arms out of the wrap, which lessens the anxiety," she says. Moreover, if you are the anxious type, Sadock suggests doing a walk-through or even observe treatments before you sign on for one. "The one thing you don't want is for a treatment to increase your stress," she says. Spa Treatments: What Works While some spa treatments may do little, experts say others can do a lot. Among the ones frequently recommended by some doctors is the lymphatic draining massage. "Lymphatic draining does help, particularly in areas that have been affected by surgery. Many of my patients that have had lymph nodes removed develop swelling that can be improved with lymphatic draining, which returns fluids back into circulation," says Beer. Lymphatic draining massage should not be done if certain conditions are present or suspected, including active infection or inflammation, cancer, blood clots, and congestive heart failure. Another helpful treatment: Mudpacks and mineral water mud baths, which Marmur says have anti-inflammatory activity that can remedy some skin problems including psoriasis.
In one small Italian study, doctors found that mineral water mud baths yielded a significant reduction in symptoms caused by psoriasis. A second study found mud baths offered promising relief for those suffering with osteoarthritis. "The only thing to look out for is that psoriasis can flare from any trauma to the skin - so if the massage is rough, or the mud not well refined, it could actually make problems worse," she says. But while it may be a specific spa promise that draws you in, experts say that for many folks the real value still lies not in the treatment itself, but in the pampering feeling that is universal to the spa experience. Says Sadock: "The treatment is less important than the whole concept of being coddled that's really what going to a spa is all about."
Chapter – 5 Need of the Study
According to the ISPA (International Spa Association) 2006 SPA-GOER STUDY, roughly 32.2 million adults in the U.S. visited a spa in 2005. The top 3 reasons for visiting a spa were indulgence, escape, and self improvement. The favorite types of spas visited were Day Spas (53%), Resort/Destination Spas (25%). Cruise ship spas and medical spas came in at 8% and 6% respectively. The Pink Report, another consumer trending researcher, reported in their March 2006 edition, when survey respondents were asked to identify their favorite stress reducers, 57% said that a long walk, hot bath, glass of wine or chocolate was their most common method to reduce stress. The remaining 43% selected spa services as their favorite stress reducer, with Massage and Body treatments accounting for the number one choice, and Facials and Pedicures following close behind. That research also indicated a consumer shift of thinking from a purely “physical” definition of beauty to now include a “feel good”, “take care”, and “general health” component to their spa visits. Another authoritative consumer researcher is Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability (LOHAS). LOHAS publishes reports on five key market sectors which represent a $228.9 billion US market. They include Sustainable Economy ($76.47 billion), Ecological Lifestyles ($81.19 billion), Healthy Lifestyles ($30 billion), Personal Development ($10.63 billion), and Alternative Healthcare ($30.7 billion). According to LOHAS, the core of the consumer sector is 66 million women. Their research indicates that today’s woman has a lifestyle that incorporates three elements, Health (Diet, Nutrition, Exercise), Beauty (Fashion, Style, Identity, Self Esteem, Well Being), and Balance (Life, Family, Career). The research data also supports that they have a strong belief in and are driven by the interconnection of mind, body, and spirit. The consensus amongst all three of these reputable researchers is that today’s consumer has developed a need for spa services not only for indulgence purposes and traditional beauty services, but also to take care of themselves, and balance their stressful lives. For today’s consumer fighting stress has become a critical component of health, wellness, and beauty. In that regard, spas have become integrated into their day to day lifestyle. They not only visit Day Spas on a regular basis, but also will seek out a spa experience during their business travel and business conference obligations.
Chapter – 5 Objectives of the Study
To provide a strong foundation for the growth of the spa and wellness industry in To promote awareness and strengthen the profile of ’s spa and wellness industry locally, nationally and internationally To educate the public of the many health benefits derived from spa treatments and therapies To improve the knowledge, technical skills and professionalism of all spa and wellness industry professionals To establish and maintain professional standards for training, administration, service, safety and product suppliers To provide an active forum for the exchange of ideas and information between spa and wellness industry professionals, suppliers and affiliated businesses and organizations To liaise with other sectors of ’s tourism industry to promote integrated growth
Chapter – 7 Research Methodology
In Accordance with the problem to be researched the research design have been classify broadly into three categories. These are as follows: Exploratory Research Design Descriptive Research Design Hypothesis Testing or Experimental Research Design. What are data? Data constitute the most important part of any research. Without it no information can be generated. It is food for an analysis and ultimately helps us in tackling the research problem. There are a number of methods of collecting data Sources of data: the sources of data may be classified as: 1. 2. Primary data Secondary data
Primary Data Primary data is first hand information collected through various methods such as observations, interviewing etc. It is collected by the researchers from original sources. The primary data is unique to you and your research and until you publish no one else has access to it. There are various methods of collecting primary data. The important methods include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Observation Experiment Survey Interview Case studies Teleconferencing.
Secondary Data Secondary data In research, Secondary data is collected and possibly processed by people other than the researcher in question. Common sources of secondary data for social science include censuses, large surveys, and organizational records. In sociology primary
data is data you have collected yourself and secondary data is data you have gathered from primary sources to create new research. In terms of historical research, these two terms have different meanings. A primary source is a book or set of archival records. A secondary source is a summary of a book or set of records. Secondary data analysis is commonly known as second-hand analysis. It is simply the analysis of pre existing data in a different way or to answer a different question than originally intended. Secondary data analysis utilizes the data that was collected by someone else in order to further a study that you are interested in completing. Format of Questionnaire: The questionnaire starts with the Place of survey and the name of local community about which the information is required. Then comes the Months of Peak Season through we can know the capacity of local community and how much revenue that local community generate in peak and lean season. After this come the Average income which is quite important in this study and it also help to know about trend of market. Each Local community have different average income according to there category and the services they provide to their customer. Average revenue is the next in the questionnaire in Season and in off-season. Now comes about the employees of the local communitys. The no. of employees, their categorization, their average salary and about the percentage of skilled and unskilled labour in the local community. Then comes the about the market from which the local community purchase most consumable things for their need. Destination from which local community attracts the maximum number of tourist and the way through which they market their local community comes next in the format. Finally comes the strength and weakness of the local community their salient feature/facilities of the local community and the average Annual Income of the local community.
Total Sample Size: Total numbers of local community under consideration were 60. Sample Design: For the present study qualitative approach is undertaken by us, the sampling gives liberty to us to minimize the total population and by the sincere efforts we can make the sample size real representative of the total population. The sampling helped a lot and saved a lot of time and money too. The sampling can be divided into two groups, probability and non¬probability sampling which are used by the researcher for the better result to find out Economic impact of tourism, a survey of local community. Population: The total number of local community in the Area is the population. Sampling Method: In the present study the local communitys of Kufri and Naldera is only considered therefore Single stage Sampling has been used in the present study. Tools and Techniques: Keeping in view of the study, the data collected have been analyzed and interpreted with the help of Mathematical Methods Stastical Methods
