28 Academic Ranking of World Universities 2009

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2009-11-8

Academic Ranking of World Universities 2009

Dr. Ying CHENG & Prof. Nian Cai LIU
Center for World‐Class Universities Graduate School of Education Graduate School of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Third International Conference on World-Class Universities 2 – 4 November, 2009, Shanghai, China

What we have in 2009?
Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Find out the positions of top Chinese  Universities in the world higher education  system Provide one source of information for the  global comparison of universities global comparison of ni ersities • Transparent methodology • Objective indicators • Third‐party data

2009

1

2009-11-8

What we have in 2009?
Academic Ranking of World Universities by Broad Subject Fields (ARWU-FIELD) (ARWU FIELD)
2007 2008

Five Broad Subject Fields
• Natural Sciences and Mathematics (SCI) • Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences (ENG) • Life and Agriculture Sciences (LIFE) • Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy (MED) • Social Sciences (SOC) 

2009

What we have in 2009?
Academic Ranking of World Universities by Subject Fields (ARWU-SUBJECT) (ARWU SUBJECT)
2009 Five Subject Fields
• Mathematics • Physics • Chemistry • Computer Sciences • Economics / Business

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2009-11-8

Ranking Methodology
Selection of Universities
• Any university that has any Nobel Laureates, Fields Medals, Highly Cited Researchers, or papers in Nature or Science • Major universities of every country with significant amount of papers indexed by Citation Indexes of Thomson Number of universities actually y ranked Number of universities published

Number of universities scanned

> 2000

1200

Top 500 Top 100 Top 100

ARWU ARWU-FIELD ARWU-SUBJECT

Ranking Methodology
Criteria and Weights of ARWU
Criteria Quality of Education Quality of Faculty Indicator Alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals Staff of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals Highly cited researchers in 21 broad subject categories g Papers published in Nature and Science Code Weight Alumni Award HiCi N&S PUB PCP 10% 20% 20% 20% 20% 10%

Papers indexed in Science Citation Indexexpanded and Social Science Citation Index Per Capita Per capita academic performance of an Performance institution

Research Output

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2009-11-8

Ranking Methodology
Criteria and Weights of ARWU-FIELD
Alumni Award SCI ENG LIFE MED SOC 10% / 10% 10% 10% 15% / 15% 15% 15% HiCi 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% PUB 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% TOP 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% Fund / 25% / / /

Ranking Methodology
Criteria and Weights of ARWU-SUBJECT
Alumni Mathematics Physics Chemistry y Computer Science Economics / Business 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Award 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% HiCi 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% PUB 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% TOP 25% 25% 25% 25% 25%

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2009-11-8

Results - http://www.ARWU.org
ARWU
Top 500 universities
Top 100 universities in

ARWU‐FIELD

• Natural Sciences and Mathematics • Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences • Life and Agriculture Sciences • Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy • Social Sciences

Top 100 universities in

ARWU‐SUBJECT

• Mathematics • Physics • Chemistry • Computer Sciences • Economics / Business

Analysis of Results of ARWU
A Gallery of Research Universities Recognized by  A Gallery of Research Universities Recognized by Their Home Countries The Rise of Asian Research Universities Which Countries Could Afford More World‐Class  Research Universities?

5

2009-11-8

A Gallery of Research Universities Recognized by their Home Countries
6 7 8 9 11 11 12 17 21 22 23 30 40 31 40 7 7 152 22 4 4 3 322 2 2221 5 5
United States United Kingdom China Canada Australia Spain South Korea Austria Israel Finland Denmark Ireland Chile Hungary Poland Russia Argentina Iran Saudi Arabia Turkey Germany Japan France Italy Netherlands Sweden Switzerland Belgium Brazil New Zealand Norway South Africa Greece India Portugal Singapore Czech Mexico Slovenia

A Gallery of Research Universities Recognized by their Home Countries

ARWU Results VS National Leading Research Universities
The Association of American Universities (AAU) 60 US Members + 2 Canadian Research U i R h Universities with very high research iti ith hi h h activity defined by Carnegie Classification (2005) 96 Universities

United States

In ARWU 2009
AAU Members Top 100 101‐200 201‐300 301‐400 401‐500 Total Research Universities ( (with VHRA) ) 48 52 4 25 6 15 3 1 All in ARWU 2009 55 35 22 26 14 152

60

96

6

2009-11-8

A Gallery of Research Universities Recognized by their Home Countries

ARWU Results VS National Leading Research Universities
The Russell Group: “an association of major research-intensive universities”, 20 Members 1994 Group: “a coalition of top ‘smaller researchUnited Kingdom intensive universities’" , 19 Members

In ARWU 2009
Russell Group  members 11 6 3 1994 Group  members 6 4 2 2 14 All in  ARWU 2009 11 12 10 3 4 40

Top 100 101‐200 201‐300 301‐400 401‐500 Total

20

A Gallery of Research Universities Recognized by their Home Countries

ARWU Results VS National Leading Research Universities
The Excellence Initiative of the German Federal Government and the state governments promotes excellent research in German universities universities. A total of Euro 1.9 bn was granted in two funding rounds in 2006 and 2007 to 37 universities (9 + 28)

Germany

In ARWU 2009
Universities supported by  “Excellence Initiative” Top 100 101‐200 201‐300 301‐400 401‐500 Total 5 9 7 9 2 32 All in ARWU 2009 5 9 10 12 4 40

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2009-11-8

A Gallery of Research Universities Recognized by their Home Countries

ARWU Results VS National Leading Research Universities

National 7 Universities (Former Imperial Universities)

Group of 8

Japan

Australia

In ARWU 2009
National 7 of  Japan in  Group of 8 of  Australia in  Japan p ARWU 2009 Australia ARWU 2009 5 5 3 3 2 4 3 3 2 2 3 8 4 12 4 31 17 7 8

Top 100 101‐200 201‐300 301‐400 401‐500 Total

A Gallery of Research Universities Recognized by their Home Countries

ARWU Results VS National Leading Research Universities “985 Project” of China Phase I: Top 9 Up to Now: 39 in total

Mainland China

In ARWU 2009
Universities Supported by “985Project”  Top 9 p Other 30 Top 100 101‐200 201‐300 301‐400 401‐500 Total All in  ARWU 2009

6 1 1 8

1 9 10

6 2 10 18

8

2009-11-8

A Gallery of Research Universities Recognized by their Home Countries
How about other countries?
• • If a country performs well in ARWU If the country has nationally recognized group (s) of research universities Most of those top 500 universities in this country must be members of its research university group

The Rise of Asian Research Universities

Distribution of Top 500 Universities
100%
17 19 21 22 20 22

72
80%

74

71

78

80

84
Africa Oceania Asia Americas Europe

60%

200

198

196

197

190

184

40%

20%

209

205

207

208

210

208

0% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

9

2009-11-8

The Rise of Asian Research Universities

Chinese Universities among Top 500
30 25 20 15

Mainland China Taiwan, China T i Chi Hong Kong, China 14 8 8 5 9 5 6

18

18

10 5 0 2004

3

7

7

5

5
2005

5
2006

5
2007

5
2008

5
2009

The Rise of Asian Research Universities

Chinese Univ in FIELD and SUBJECT
SCI ENG LIFE MED SOC Math Phys Chem Comp Econ 44 Tsinghua U 52‐75 Peking U 51‐75 51‐77 Mainland USTC 51‐77 Zhejiang U. 76‐100 51‐77 Shanghai Jiao Tong U. 76‐100 77‐101 78‐104 76‐101 77‐100 51‐77 Natl Taiwan U. 52‐75 37 Natl Cheng Kung U. 52‐75 Taiwan Natl Tsing Hua U. 78‐100 76‐101 45 Natl Chiao Tung U. N tl Chi T U 39 36 52‐75 HKUST 27 45 Hong Kong U. 76‐101 52‐75 Hong  51‐77 City U. HK 52‐75 Kong Chinese U. HK 51‐75 51‐77 76‐101 24 HK Polytechnic 76‐100 76‐101

Institution

ARWU‐FIELD ARWU‐SUBJECT

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2009-11-8

The Rise of Asian Research Universities

Two New Comers from Middle East
What happened in 2008?
King Saud University
Number of Highly Cited Researchers

0 → 5.5
Saudi Arabia

University of Tehran
Number of Papers in SCIE &SSCI

700 → 1400
Iran

The Rise of Asian Research Universities

Distribution of Top 100 Universities
100%

6

2

6

2

7

2

7

2

5

3

6

3

80%

60%

55

57

58

58

58

59

Oceania Asia Americas Europe p

40%

20%

37

35
2005

34
2006

34
2007

34
2008

32
2009

0% 2004

11

2009-11-8

Which Countries Could Afford World-Class Research Universities

No. of Top 500 Universities VS GDP
U S

Number of Top 500 Universities

100

More universities
than what they should have
10
N Z H CU S L G P T I L F I ZI AE S E A T CB HE D K N O G R A RI R S A P L T R M X I N R U A U N L K R C A E S B R

U K D E C N J P I T F R

R = 0.74 **

1

S L

C Z

Less universities than what they should have
10000

100

1000

GDP (Billions of USD)

Which Countries Could Afford World-Class Research Universities

No. of Top 500 Universities VS GDP per capita
Number of Top 500 Universities r
US

100
CN UK DE JP CA ITFR AU NL ES SE IL NZ BE CH AT FI DK IE

More universities
10

R = 0.41 *

than what they should have
ZA IN

KR BR

NO

RU HU CL PL IR AR MX TR

PT GRSG SA SL CZ

1

Less universities than what they should have
100000

1000

10000

GDP per capita (USD per person)

12

2009-11-8

Which Countries Could Have More World-Class Research Universities
• RU  IN  PL  GR  PT   MX  TR  SA  IR  AR   CZ  BR  (12) 10 Countries Russia Poland Greece Portugal Czech Turkey Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Iran Argentina Brazil Mexico

Based on  GDP

B d Based on  GDP per  capita

• CH AT BE BR FI CH  AT  BE  BR  FI   NZ  NO  DK  IE  SG   GR  PT  HU  PL  RU   CL  SL  CZ  SA  TR   MX  AR  IR  (23)

Which else countries could have at least one Top 500 University?
U S

Number of Top 500 Univ versities

100
C A E S B R U K D E C N J P I T F R

Number of Top 500 Universities

100

Asia: Indonesia, 
CN

US

10
N Z

I L F I ZI AE H CU S L G P T C Z

S E A T CB HE D K N O G R P L

A U N L K R

R = 0.74 **

1

GDP > 85 Billions
S L A RI R S A T R M X

I N R U

, y Thailand, Malaysia  R = 0.41 * Philippines, UAE, Kuwait,  Kazakhstan 
10
KR UK DE JP CA ITFR AU NL ES SE BR IL NZ ZA BE CH AT FI DK IE NO IN CL PL RU HU PT GRSG

and
GDP per capita > 1200 p p
85
100 1000 10000

Europe: Romania, 
Slovak, Ukraine 1200
1000 10000 100000

1

IR

AR MX TR

SA SL CZ

GDP (Billions of USD)

GDP per capita (USD per person)

Americas: Colombia,  A i
Venezuela, Peru Africa: Algeria, Egypt,  Morocco, Nigeria, Libya

13

2009-11-8

Problems and Limitations of ARWU
• Other missions are not well taken into account
– Education, social service…

• Diversity of universities may not be properly reflected
– Size, budget…

• Technical problems
–L Language bias, database problems… bi d t b bl

Welcome comments and suggestions!

What to expect in 2010
ARWU 2010 ARWU-FIELD 2010 ARWU-SUBJECT 2010 – More subjects? Annual Report of WCU ?

14

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