409 Computer Animation

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SEMINAR
ON

SUBMITTED BY: K.Bhavani
Roll No.: 08J91A0409 B.Tech Final YEAR (2nd Sem)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:
Mr. Moin Pasha

OUT LINES
 Abstract  Introduction  What is computer animation $ types  Process  Charts  Starting change  Computer games design  The uses of computer animation in science  Cartoon  New arts  Entertainment  Reference  Summary

What is Animation:Animation has historically been produced in two ways. The first is by artists creating a succession of cartoon frames, which are then combined into a film. A second method is by using physical models, e.g. King Kong, which are positioned, the image recorded, then the model is moved, the next image is recorded, and this process is continued. Or Animation is simply defined as the sequencing of a series of static images to generate the illusion of movement.

Types of Animation Systems
SCRIPTING SYSTEMS
Scripting Systems were the earliest type of motion control systems. The animator writes a script in the animation language. Thus, the user must learn this language and the system is not interactive. One scripting system is ASAS (Actor Script Animation Language), which has syntax similar to LISP. ASAS introduced the concept of an actor, i.e., a complex object which has its own animation rules. For example, in animating a bicycle, the wheels will rotate in their own coordinate system and the animator doesn't have to worry about this detail. Actors can communicate with other actors be sending messages and so can synchronize their movements. This is similar to the behavior of objects in object-oriented languages.

PROCEDURAL ANIMATION
Procedures are used that define movement over time. These might be procedures that use the laws of physics (Physically - based modeling) or animator generated methods. An example is a motion that is the result of some other action (this is called a "secondary action"), for example throwing a ball which hits another object and causes the second object to move.

REPRESENTATIONAL ANIMATION
This technique allows an object to change its shape during the animation. There are three subcategories to this. The first is the animation of articulated objects, i.e., complex objects composed of connected rigid segments. The second is soft object animation used for deforming and animating the deformation of objects, e.g. skin over a body or facial muscles. The third is morphing which is the changing of one shape into another quite different shape. This can be done in two or three dimensions.

STOCHASTIC ANIMATION
This uses stochastic processes to control groups of objects, such as in particle systems. Examples are fireworks, fire, water falls, etc.

BEHAVIORAL ANIMATION
Objects or "actors" are given rules about how they react to their environment. Examples are schools of fish or flocks of birds where each individual behaves according to a set of rules defined by the animator.

WHAT IS COMPUTER ANIMATION
Animation has historically been produced in 2ways. By artists creating a succession of cartoon frames, which are then combined into a film. Computer animation can be produced by using a rendering machine to produce successive frames wherein some aspect of the image is varied. For a simple animation this might be just moving the camera or the relative motion of rigid bodies in the scene. This is analogous to the second technique described above, i.e., using physical models. More sophisticated computer animation can move the camera and/or the objects in more interesting ways, e.g. along computed curved paths, and can even use the laws of Physics to determine the behavior of objects.  By using physical models, e.g. King Kong, which are positioned, the image recorded, then the model is moved, the next image is recorded, and this process is continued.



TYPES OF COMPUTER ANIMATION

2D ANIMATION
2D animation using Flash and Swish can produce sophisticated presentations, demonstrations, simulations and stories. Swish is a animation program which is cheap & easy to use. Only available for PC’s at this stage. It is easy to build and create simple animations and use these in a number of outputs from web to power point . Drawing from traditional and digital sources, including Flash animation, this category invites entries from all facets of 2D animation.Theanimation may have been used on the web, as part of a multimedia presentation, short film (not exceeding 10 minutes), video production, television commercial etc.

3 D ANIMATION
3d animation is also same procedure . Compositing is the combining of two or more pictures... such as picture from Poser with a picture from Bryce. Compositing is not terribly sophisticated yet, as you will soon learn, it can be extremely challenging. I think it is great fun! You are probably asking yourself, "How difficult can be be to stick one picture on top of another? Where is the fun and the challenge in that?" Compositing does more than just placing the actors from Poser into a movie set created in Bryce. Probably the most important use of compositing in After Effects is to simulate a multiplane animation camera. With a multiplane animation camera, we can create the illusion of 3D animation from still images with very little rendering time.

Animation is Approaches
Key frame-

Based

on

three

basic

The technique that’s most similar to conventional animation, key framing requires animators to draw key frame on a computer. With computers, the animator would specify the keyframes and the computer would draw the in-between frames ( "tweening"). Many different parameters can be interpolated but care must be taken in such interpolations if the motion is to look "real". For example in the rotation of a line, the angle should be interpolated rather than the 2D position of the line endpoint.

Motion capture-

Models wear special badges that allows a group of video

cameras to track their motion.

Simulation-

Computer models simulates the motion of a person or

animals , based on the laws of physics.

PROCESS :-

CAMERA

PICTURE

COMPUTER MAKING FILM

In film and video production the cinematographer sets the camera shots and decides what camera movement is necessary for a scene. An excellent way to learn how to be a cinematographer is to take filmmaking courses, since the methods of figure described as, are valid for computer animation. The above film cinematography First of all the photographs taken by the passed to The computer through iphoto.iPhoto was used to move the photographs from the cameras or disks into the computers. The workers in teams to organize and sequence the photographs. iPhoto™ has the capability of enhancing, rotating or cropping the images, making it a very useful computer application for aspiring film editors. The workers continually checked the storyboard to make sure that all aspects of the story were included in the filming--if they were missing some element, the workers reported this to the workers who were doing the camera work so that the scene could be re-filmed. When the filming was finished, the workers used iMovie3™ to sequence the images according to the storyboard. camera, then those photographs

Overall Animation Process

OVERALL PROCESS
The overall process consists of the following steps:  Preparation of paper drawing & Exposure sheet.  These are then Scanned & Vectored for inking &printing.  The printing &inking is assisted with digital drawing &color modeling.  It is then sent for rendering via 3D scene planning followed by effect & compositing.  The rendering process involve Film format, video format, Web format.  It is the overall process for ANIMATION.

CHART
COMPUTER ANIMATION
ENTERTAINMENT ENGINEERING SCIENCE

VIDEO GAMES

MOVIES

Computer animation is divided into three fields
.Entertainment .Engineering .Science The example of entertainment is video game and the example of engineering is movies etc. In case of science field uses of computer animation is in NASA.

STARTING CHANGES
In previous time the animation were doing by using 2d animation only. But now a days all the animation are doing by using both the 2d and 3d animation .Incase of 2d animation they were not doing proper animation, after animation they were not looking original they were looking animated .But now a days with the help of both 2d and 3d animation the pictures are looking so real. Sothat no one can say that this is a animated picture. Also the sound systems are so real.

In this way many more changes have done from earlier animation and recent animation.

COMPUTER GAME DESIGN 1A: DESIGN DOCUMENTATION
The Components of Computer Games • • • • • • • • • • Graphics, Interface, Game Play, Sound, Immersive ness, Story and tradeoffs between components. Competitive Analysis The Design Documentation required by the industry for games design Interface Documentation Actors Documentation Actions Documentation Behaviours Documentation Levels Documentation (outline) Options Documentation Supporting Documents

GAMES ENGIGNES AND PHYSICS
Introduce you to the fundamentals of how a game works. • • • • Games Engines, Physics Engines, Audio Engines, Rendering Engines

All work together to produce the movement, sound and game play of a computer game and also the C++ programming language is used in the games environment. The programmes are made first then they are utilises as game .All above engines are works together for making games.

ANIMATION IN CAD
CAD is the use of computer hardware, software and peripherals to produce graphic images. An almost endless variety of computer-generated images is possible with this technology; the designer is limited only by his or her own imagination.

OTHER APPLICATION
.

Engineering drawings, graphics and technical illustrations; architectural

drawings and renderings; and electronics, mechanical, civil and business graphics .

WHEN TO USE ANIMATED CHATS
Animated chats add depth to your data. They highlight valuable information and support memory retention. If you need to emphasize a Data Point when it reaches a critical value – a pressure value, high/low sales numbers, or a stock sell price - an animated chat ensures your point will be made and remembered.

THE USES OF COMPUTER ANIMATION IN SCIENCE
 In 2003 NASA will send out the first Martian air craft.   Scientists were able to use comp. animation to plan the landing. Ability to predict damage in case of ill weather.

CARTOON
The first is by artists creating a succession of cartoon frames. , which are then combined into a film. A second method is by using physical models. It means that first the artists they create the cartoon frames. Then according to the story all are first suffle and then one by one all combined together. And then make the cartoon movies. Which are just like real, but these types of work were not happening in earlier time. But now a day we they are giving shadow, sound, and real move’s that peoples are enjoying it very much.

NEW ARTS
 Uses for computer animation have now become more diverse and even for artistic purposes it is being used.    The animation has become extremely sophisticated. More volume has been added. One can distinguish far distances.

ENTERTAINMENT
 Most resent animated films today are made with computer animation.  In entertainment, it has become very popular.  This field in computers has created great success for those who specialize in it.  Today, there are names that most people naturally know because they are  responsible for many popular films.

SUMMARY
 Computer animation is a vast field.  It is still in a stage of updating i.e. to apply more & more effect to make it even.  More attractive.  In the field of science & tech., its contribution is commanding.  It’s like a racing horse.

REFERRENCES

 www.google.com  Entertainment.lycos.com  www.elmundo.es/navegante/2000/08/30/pixar.html  Corporate.pixar.com/top_press.cfm

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