PAST PAPERS' ABBREVIATIONS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas TNT: Tri Nitro Toluene RNA: Ribonucleic Acid CNG: Compressed Natural Gas ATP: Adenosine Tri Phosphate RBC: Red Blood Cells/Corpuscles ECG: Electro Cardio Gram PVC: Poly vinyl Chloride RAM: Random Access Memory CFC: Chloro Fluoro Carbon LASER: Light Amplification by Stimulated emission of Radiation RADAR: Radio Detection And Ranging AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ROM: Read Only Memory LAN: Local Area Network WWW: World Wide Web DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid SONAR: Sound Navigation And Ranging SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome NTP: Network Time Protocol/ Normal Temperature and Pressure RQ: Respiratory Quotient NPN: Negative Positive Negative/
23. 24. 25. 26.
PNP: Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase WAN: Wide Area Network CPU: Central Processing Unit BCG: Bacillus Calmette Guerin
27. STP: Standard Temperature And Pressure/Shielded Twisted Pair/Sodium Tripolyphosphate/Spanning Tree Protocol 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate KWh: Kilo Watt Hour BTU: British thermal Unit LDL: Low Density Lipoprotein MAF: Million Acre Feet HDL: Hardware Description Language MCV: Mean Corpuscular Volume UHF: Ultra High Frequency LED: Light emitting Diode LCD: Liquid Crystal Display BASIC: Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
39. MASER: Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation 40. ETT: Educational Telecommunications and Technology/ European Transaction on Telecommunication 41. HST: High Speed Technology/ High Speed Train (in UK)/Hubble Space Telescope 42. 43. DBS: Data Base Server/ Direct Broadcast Satellite CRO: Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53.
BOT: Build, Operate and Transfer/Botulinum Toxin AMU: Atomic Mass Unit EMF: Electro Motive force ADH: Anti-diuretic Hormone GeV: Giga Electro Volt CRT: Cathode Ray Tube CNS: Central Nervous System PTFE: Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene GUT: Grand Unified Theory LONAR: Long Range Navigation
54. MeV: Mega Electron Volt/ Million Electron Volt/ Multi-experiment Viewer 55. 56. AWACS: Airborne Warning and Control System CCTV: Closed-Circuit Television
MORE ABBREVIATIONS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. ABM: Anti-Ballistic Missile AC: Alternating Current/Air Conditioning AEC: Atomic Energy Commission Alt: Altitude am: Ante Maridiem (Before Noon/Midday) Amp: Ampere APTEC: All Pakistan Technology Engineers Council ATM: Automated Teller Machine (Banking) AW: Atomic Weight/ Asia Watch
BIOS: Basic Input Output System BDS: Bachelor Of Dental Surgery/ Bomb Disposal Squad BP: Blood Pressure/ Boiling Point/ Blue Print C/A: Current Account CAA: Civil Aviation Authority CABB: Centre Of Agricultural Biochemistry And Biotechnology CAD: Computer-Aided Design Cal: Calorie CD: Compact Disc/ Civil Defence/ Community Development CD-ROM: Compact Disc Read-Only Memory CECP: Cotton Export Corporation Of Pakistan CHASNUPP: Chashma Nuclear Power Plant CMCC: China Mobile Communications Corporation COM: Computer Aided Manufacturing COMSAT: Communications Satellite Corporation
25. COMSTECH: Council Of Scientific And Technology Cooperation Of Islamic Conference 26. CSIRO: Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. CTBT: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty CT-Scan: Computerised Axial Tomography Scanning DVD: Dynamic Versatile Disc ECAT: Engineering Colleges Admission Test EDB: Engineering Development Board
EEG: Electroencephalogram ENERCON: Energy Conservation Centre EPA: Energy Protection Agency EPD: Energy Protection Department ESA: European Space Agency ESRO: European Space Research Organisation FAT: File Allocation Table FCPS: Fellow Of The Royal College Of Physicians And Surgeons FM: Frequency Modulation FMCT: Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty FRCS: Fellow Of The Royal College Of Surgeons GHz. Gigahertz GMT: Greenwich Mean Time HIV: Human Immune Deficiency Virus HTML: Hypertext Mark-Up Language HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol IAEA:International Atomic Energy Agency (UN) IBM: International Business Machine
50. IC: Integrated Circuit/ Intelligence Corps 51. ICBM: Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile 52. 53. ICU: Intensive Care Unit IEA: International Energy Agency
54. INSTRAW: International Research And Training Institute For The Advancement Of Women
INTELSAC: International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium Intelsat: International Telecommunications Satellite Organisation IRBM: Intermediate Range ballistic Missile ISP: Internet Service Provider IT: Information Technology ITB: Information Technology Board JAXA: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency KANUPP: Karachi Nuclear Power Plant KAPCO: Kot Adu Power Company kHz: Kilohertz KV: Kilo Volt kW: Kilowatt MCAT: Medical Colleges Admission Test MDS: Master In Dental Surgery MNP: Mobile Number Probability MRBM: Medium Range Ballistic Missile MRCP: Member Of Royal College Of Physicians MRCS: Member Of Royal College Of Surgeons MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging MS: Medical Superintendent MSN: Microsoft Network MW: Megawatt NADRA: National Database And Registration Authority
NEPRA: National Electric Power Regulatory Authority NM: Nautical Mile NMD: National Missile Defence NPT: Non-Nuclear Proliferation Treaty NRA: Nuclear Regulatory Authority OGRA: Oil And Gas Regulatory Authority NWD: Nation Wide Dialling OGDC: Oil And Gas Development Corporation pm: Post Meridiem PEMRA: Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority PTA: Pakistan Telecommunication Authority RADAR: Radio Detection and Ranging SALT: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks SLV: Satellite Launch Vehicle SMS: Short Message Service SNGPL: Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited SONAR: Sound Navigation And Ranging SSGPL: Sui Southern Gas Pipeline Limited STD: Subscriber’s Trunk Dialling STM: Subscriber Identification
98. SUPARCO: Space And Upper Atmosphere Research Committee (Pakistan) 99. TB: Tubercle Bacillus/ Tuberculosis