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AISI 1040 Carbon Steel (UNS G10400)
Topics Covered
Introduction
Chemical Composition
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Thermal Properties
Other Designations
Fabrication and Heat Treatment
Machinability
Forming
Welding
Heat Treatment
Forging
Hot Working
Cold Working
Annealing
Tempering
Hardening
Applications
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Introduction
AISI 1040 carbon steel has high carbon content and can be hardened by heat treatment
followed by quenching and tempering to achieve 150 to 250 ksi tensile strength.
The following datasheet gives an overview of AISI 1040 carbon steel.
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Chemical Composition
The following table shows the chemical composition of AISI 1040 carbon steel.
Element
Iron, Fe
Manganese, Mn
C arbon, C
Content (%)
98.6-99
0.60-0.90
0.370-0.440
Sulfur, S
≤ 0.050
Phosphorous, P
≤ 0.040
Physical Properties
The physical properties of AISI 1040 carbon steel are tabulated below.
Properties
Density (chemical composition of 0.435% C , 0.69% Mn, 0.20% Si, annealed at 860°C
(1580°F))
Melting point
Metric
Imperial
7.845
0.2834
g/cc
lb/in³
1521°C
2770°C
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of AISI 1040 carbon steel are outlined in the following table.
Properties
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Shear modulus (typical for steels)
Elastic modulus
190-210
27557-
GPa
30458 ksi
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Poisson’s ratio
0.30
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Elongation at break (in 50 mm)
25%
25%
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Reduction of area
50%
50%
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Hardness, Brinell
201
201
Hardness, Knoop (converted from Brinell hardness)
223
223
93
93
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Hardness, Rockwell B (converted from Brinell hardness)
Hardness, Rockwell C (converted from Brinell hardness. Value below normal HRC
range, for comparison purposes only)
Hardness, Vickers (converted from Brinell hardness)
211
211
Izod impact (annealed at 790°C (1450°F))
45 J
33.2 ft-lb
Izod impact (as rolled)
49 J
36.1 ft-lb
Izod impact (normalized at 900°C (1650°F)
65 J
47.9 ft-lb
Thermal Properties
The thermal properties of AISI 1040 carbon steel are given in the following table.
Properties
Metric
Thermal expansion co-efficient (@ 20-100°C /68-212°F, composition of 0.40% C , 0.11%
Mn, 0.01% P, 0.03% S, 0.03% Si, 0.03% C u)
11.3
µm/m°C
Thermal conductivity (@ 100°C /212°F)
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Thermal conductivity (@ 0°C )
Imperial
6.28 µin/in°F
50.7
352 BTU
W/mK
in/hr.ft².°F
51.9
360 BTU
W/mK
in/hr.ft².°F
Other Designations
Other designations that are equivalent to AISI 1040 carbon steel include:
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Machinability
The machinability rating of AISI 1040 carbon steel is 60.
Forming
AISI 1040 carbon steel can be formed in the annealed condition.
Welding
AISI 1040 carbon steel can be welded using all welding techniques. It can be pre-heated at 149
to 260°C (300 to 500°F) and post-heated at 594 to 649°C (1100 to 1200°F) due to its high
carbon content.
Heat Treatment
AISI 1040 carbon steel can be heat treated at 844 to 899°C (1550 to 1650°F) followed by
quenching in water and tempering.
Forging
AISI 1040 carbon steel can be forged at 982 to 1260°C (1800 to 2300°F).
Hot Working
AISI 1040 carbon steel can be hot worked from 94 to 483°C (200 to 900°F ).
Cold Working
AISI 1040 carbon steel can be cold worked in the annealed state using conventional methods.
Annealing
AISI 1040 carbon steel can be annealed at temperatures ranging from 872 to 983°C (1600 to
1800°F). It can be then slowly cooled in the furnace. Stress relief annealing process can be
AISI 1040 Carbon Steel (UNS G10400)
performed at a temperature of about 594°C (1100°F). Normalizing treatment can also be
performed at 899°C (1650°F) followed by cooling slowly.
Tempering
AISI 1040 carbon steel can be tempered at 316 to 705°C (600 to 1300°F) based on the desired
strength.
Hardening
AISI 1040 carbon steel can be hardened by performing cold working process.
Applications
AISI 1040 carbon steel can be used in couplings, crankshafts, and cold
headed parts.
Date Added: Aug 23, 2012 | Updated: Jun 11, 2013
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