Albert Leon Waldo

Albert Leon Waldo, M.D.
OFFICE ADDRESS: University Hospitals Case Medical Center Division of Cardiology, Mail Stop 5038 11100 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (216) 844-7690 FAX: (216) 844-7196 My Office (216) 844-8954 Division of Cardiology E-mail: [email protected]

PRESENT POSITIONS The Walter H. Pritchard Professor of Cardiology, Professor of Medicine, and Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 1986 - present Physician, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, 1986 - present Director, Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology Program, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 1986 - 2006 Adjunct Staff in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery in the Division of Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, 2005 – present Associate Chief of Cardiology for Academic Affairs, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 2006 - present EDUCATION High School: College: Horace Mann School, New York, New York, 1948-54 Cornell University, College of Arts and Sciences, Ithaca, New York, 1954-58, B.A. Medical School: State University of New York, College of Medicine, New York City, NY, 1958-1962, M.D. University of St. Andrews, College of Medicine, Dundee, Scotland; Exchange Student in Clinical Medicine, Summer (10 weeks), 1961 TRAINING Predoctoral Fellow, Department of Physiology with Dr. Frederick Kavaler, State University of New York, College of Medicine, New York City, New York, Summer of 1960 Straight Medical Intern, Kings County Hospital, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, 1962-1963 Assistant Medical Resident, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland, 1963-1965 Seminar Student, Cardiac Arrhythmias, with Dr. Harold Bix, Baltimore, Maryland, Spring, 1965 Chief Medical Resident, Kings County Hospital, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn,

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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New York, 1965-66. Postdoctoral Fellow in Cardiac Electrophysiology with Dr. Brian F. Hoffman, Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, 1966-1968 Postdoctoral Fellow, Cardiovascular Laboratory, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center of New York, New York, 1968-1969

UNIVERSITY APPOINTMENTS Fellow in Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 1963-1965. Assistant Instructor in Medicine, State University of New York, College of Medicine, New York, New York, 1965-1966. Visiting Fellow in Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, 1968-1969. Associate, Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, 1969-1970. Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, 1970-1972. Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, The School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 1972-1976. Scientist, Cardiovascular Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, The School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 1972-1976. Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, The School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 1976-1986. Senior Scientist, Cardiovascular Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, The School of Medicine, 1976-1986. Visiting Professor, Department of Physiology, University of Limberg, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 1981. Director, Specialized Center of Research in Ischemic Heart Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, July, 1982-1986. The Walter H. Pritchard Professor of Cardiology, Professor of Medicine, and Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 1986-present. HOSPITAL APPOINTMENTS Assistant Physician, Vanderbilt Clinic Medical Service, Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York 1966-1969. Associate, Cardiovascular Laboratory 1969-1970. Assistant Surgeon, Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York 1969-1972. Staff Physician, University Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama 1972-1986. Director, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, University Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama, 1975-1986. Physician, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, 1986-present.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Director, Adult Cardiac Electrophysiology Program, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, 1986-2006. Adjunct Staff in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery in the Division of Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, 2005 – present HONORS New York State Scholarship, Cornell University, 1954-1958 LeFevre Scholarship, 1956-1957 Schoelkopf Scholarship, 1957-1958 Alpha Epsilon Delta Society, 1957 Metropolitan Life Fellowship, Summer, 1960 Clinical Clerkship, Department of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, College of Medicine, with Dr. Ian G. W. Hill, Queens College, Dundee, Scotland, Summer, 1961 Special Research Fellowship, National Institutes of Health, 1967-1969 The John Polachek Medical Research Fellow, 1969-1971 The Otto G. Storm Established Investigator of the American Heart Association, 1971-1976 Fellow, American College of Physicians, 1974 Fellow, American College of Cardiology, 1976 Fellow, Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association, 1976 Fellow, American College of Chest Physicians, 1981 Martial A. Denary Award – St. Vincent Charity Hospital, Cleveland, OH, April 2000 Fellow, American Heart Association, 2001 Fellow, Council on Basic Cardiovascular Sciences, American Heart Association, 2001 Fellow, Heart Rhythm Society, 2005 DISTINGUISHED SCIENTIST AWARD, North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, 1997 DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARD, American College of Cardiology, Ohio Chapter, 1997 Selected by The American College of Cardiology as one of 14 Historical Articles, defined as influential articles previously published in American College of Cardiology Journals, as part of the College’s 50th Anniversary Commemoration 1999: WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W., Plumb, V. J., MacLean WAHM: Demonstration of the mechanism of transient entrainment of ventricular tachycardia with rapid atrial pacing. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984;3:422-430. The Criscitiello Visiting Professor, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, June 8, 2001 THE WILLIAM DOCK MASTER TEACHER AWARD IN MEDICINE, State University of New York College of Medicine, Downstate, New York, NY, 2002 Plenary Lecturer, North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, May, 2003 Lifetime Achievement Award: University of California San Francisco Faculty in Electrocardiography and Arrhythmia Studies. San Francisco, CA, October, 2003 AWARD FOR ACHIEVEMENTS IN CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL CARDIOLOGY, The Foundation Hartsvrienden RESCAR Maastricht, The Netherlands, November, 2003 CO-CHAIRMAN OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE, ISHNE 1ST WORLD WIDE INTERNET SYMPOSIUM ON ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, APRIL, 2005 OUTSTANDING ACHIEVEMENT AWARD, European Cardiac Arrhythmias Society, April, 2006. CO-CHAIRMAN OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE, ISHNE 2ND WORLD WIDE INTERNET SYMPOSIUM ON ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, APRIL, 2007 Plenary Lecturer, North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, May, 2007

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FIRST ANNUAL FOUNDERS’ LECTURESHIP AWARD, Heart Rhythm Society, May, 2007 MICHEL MIROWSKI M.D. AWARD OF EXCELLENCE IN THE FIELD OF CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Mirowski Symposium, Heart Rhythm Society meeting, Denver, CO, May, 2007 PLENARY LECTURE, CardioStim 2008, June, 2008.

JOURNAL SERVICE Editorial Board Member: American College of Cardiology, ACCEL, 2000 - present Executive Committee, 2000 - 2004 American Heart Hospital Journal, 2002 - 2008 American Journal of Cardiology, 1980-1983 Cardiac Electrophysiology Review, 1996 - present Cardiology Today: Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia Disorders, 1997 – 2002 Circulation, 1974-1978, 1980-1981 Clinical Cardiology, 2006 - present Clinical Progress in Pacing and Electrophysiology, 1983-1987 Heart Rhythm, 2004-present Journal of American College of Cardiology, 1983-1984;1985-1989; 1991-1995; 1999-2003 Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 1989 - present Journal of Electrocardiology, 1985 - present Journal of Electrophysiology, 1987 - 1989 Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 1988-1993 Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 1999-2007 Intelligence Reports in Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, 1982-1986 Pacing And Cardiac Electrophysiology, 1977-1995 Today in Cardiology: Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia Disorders, 2002 – present Turkish Journal of Arrhythmia, Pacing and Electrophysiology, 2002 - present Editor: NASPE Audio Journal (NASPETAPES) - 1991-1999 Year Book of Cardiology, Electrophysiology: 1991 – present Cardiology Today, Associate Editor for Arrhythmia, 1997 - 2002 Current Medicine, Arrhythmias: 1996 - 1998 Current Controlled Trials in Cardiovascular Medicine, Associate Editor for Arrhythmias, 1999– 2005 Guest Editor: Waldo, A. L. (ed): Seminar on Surgical Therapy for Ventricular Arrhythmias, American Journal of Cardiology, 1982; 49 Waldo, A. L., Pratt, C. M. (eds): Acute Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter: Ibutilide in Perspective. American Journal of Cardiology 1996;78 (8A). Waldo, A. L., Weisfeldt, M. L. (eds): A Symposium: Impact of MADIT on Current Cardiology Practice. American Journal of Cardiology 1997; 80 (5B). Pratt, C. M., Waldo, A. L. (eds): A Symposium: Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in the Era of Managed Care, American Journal of Cardiology 1998; 81(5A). Waldo, A. L. (ed.): Symposium on Atrial Fibrillation. Progress in Cardiovascular Disease, 2005; 48:1-255.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SERVICE CardioStim - Scientific Committee, 1984 – present Cardiac Arrhythmias Research and Education (CARE) Foundation, Inc., Scientific Advisory Board 1995 - present Current Drugs, Panel of Evaluators, 1996 - 1998 National Board of Medical Examiners: NASPExAM, 1986-2001 Heartbeat International, 1987 - 2000 Operational Committee, 1987-1990 Advisory Committee, 1990 - 2000 American Board of Internal Medicine, Relevance Reviewer for examinations in Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, 1995. Scientific Advisory Boards of the International Academy of Cardiology and of the 2nd International Congress on Heart Disease, 2000 – 2002 International Advisor to the Argentine National Program for the Study and Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias (PRONETAC), 1994-present Medical Advisory Board, Atrial Fibrillation Foundation, 2002 – 2003 Steering Committee – National Anticoagulation Benchmark and Outcomes Report Program (NABOR), 2003 – present Technical Expert Panel (TEP) on “Effectiveness of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation.” Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Member, 2008 – present.

SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP: Aesculapian Society of Cleveland, 1988 - 2003 American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1973-present American College of Cardiology (Fellow), 1976-present Program Committee - 3lst Annual Scientific Session, 1981-1982; - 47th Annual Scientific Session, 1997-1998 Ad Hoc Committee on Research in Continuing Medical Education, 1982-1988 Cardiac Pacemaker Committee, 1984-1990 Cardiac Electrophysiology and Electrocardiography Committee, 1993-1995 Electrophysiology/Electrocardiography/Pacemaker Committee, 1995-1996, 1996-1999 (name change 3/99: Clinical Electrophysiology Committee) Governor's Advisory Committee, 1990 - 1992 Board of Governors, 1994 - 1997 Governor-Elect, Ohio - 1993 Governor, Ohio - 1994 - 1997 Academic Affairs Committee - 1995-1997 National Nominating Committee - 1995 - 1997 Professional Practice Panel - 1989 - present Ohio Chapter, Member - 1990 - present Trustee 1991 - 2000 President-Elect 1993 President 1994 - 1997

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Immediate Past President - 1997 – 2000

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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American College of Chest Physicians (Fellow), 1981-present Cardiology Steering Committee, 1982-1985 Program Committee - XV World Congress on Diseases of the Chest, 1984-1985 American College of Physicians (Fellow), 1974-present Cardiology Training Program Review Committee, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, 1984-1994 American Federation for Clinical Research, 1973-present American Heart Association (Fellow), 1966-present The Council on Basic Science, 1973-2001 Council Delegate, 1977-1978 The Council on Basic Cardiovascular Sciences (Fellow), 2001-present The Council on Clinical Cardiology (Fellow), 1976-present Council Representative for Alabama, 1981-1983 The Alabama Affiliate, 1972-1986 Research Committee, 1975-78 Chairman, Physicians Education Committee - 1983-1986 The Northeast Ohio Affiliate, 1986-present Board of Trustees - 1995 - 1998 Research Allocations Committee, 1997 - 1998 American Medical Association, 1973-present Consultant - Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology Assessment (DATTA) Program Consultant, 1983-2003 American Physiological Society, 1977-present American Society for Clinical Investigation, 1977-present Association of American Physicians, 2003 - present Association of University Cardiologists, 1978-present Birmingham Cardiovascular Society, 1978-1986 Board of Directors, 1980 Birmingham Society of Internists, 1974-1986 Cardiac Electrophysiological Society, 1967-present Secretary/Treasurer, 1993, 1994 President, 1995, 1996 Central Society for Clinical Research, 1987 – present European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society, Founding member, 2005 - present Heart Rhythm Society/North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (Founding Member, Fellow), 1980-present 2nd Vice President, 1982-1983 1st Vice President, 1983-1984 President, 1984-1985 Immediate Past President, 1985-1986 Board of Trustees, 1986-1992; Honorary Board of Trustees, 1992-2002 Past Presidents Council – 2002 - present Publications Committee, 1998 - 2004 Young Investigators Awards Committee, 2001 – 2004 Northeast Ohio Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (NEOSPE), 1986 - present Board of Trustees, 1991-2004 President, 1993-1995 Jefferson County Medical Society, 1973-1986

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Medical Association of the State of Alabama, 1973-1986 New York Academy of Sciences, 1969-present Southern Society for Clinical Investigation, 1974-present (emeritus)

APPOINTMENTS TO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES: Cardiovascular A Study Section, NIH NHLBI, Ad Hoc Member, 1984, 1985, 1986; Member, 1996-2000 Cardiovascular B Study Section, NIH NHLBI, Ad Hoc Member, 1982; Member, 1988-1992 Consultant to the National Center for Health Services and Health Care Technology Assessment, 1985-present Cardio-Renal Advisory Board - U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Ad Hoc Consultant, 1989; 1993 Merit Review Board in Cardiovascular Diseases, The Veterans Administration, 1985-1988 National Institutes of Health Reviewers Reserve (NRR), July 1, 1992 - June 30, 1996 Research Review Committee "A", NIH NHLBI, Ad Hoc Consultant, 1988, 1989 Clinical CardioVascular Sciences Study Section, NIH NHLBI, Ad Hoc Consultant, (ZRG1) Special Emphasis Panel, 2000; Ad Hoc Consultant, 2001. Circulatory System Devices Panel of the Medical Devices Advisory Committee, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Consultant, 2003 – 2007 Electrical Signaling, Ion Transport and Arrhythmias study section (ESTA). Cardiovascular Sciences Integrated Review Group, Center for Scientific Review, Consultant, 2003-present NIH/NHLBI – Chair: Atrial Fibrillation Working Group: Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: Clinical Research Issue, September 13, 2005 NIH/NHLBI – National Strategy [Research] Plan – Level 1 – Chair: Section on Atrial Fibrillation: June 29-30, 2006 NIH/NHLBI – COPD Clinical Research Network (CCRN), Member, Data and Safety Monitoring Board, 2006 – present NAMED LECTURESHIPS: 5/24/89: 12/9/92: 5/11/93: The J. Paul Sauvageot, M.D. Memorial Lecture, Akron General Hospital, Akron, OH. The Augustus Waller Lecture, Royal College of Physicians, London, UK. The Joseph Welker Lecturer, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 5/7/99: The Herrick Lecture, The American Heart Association, Midwest Affiliate. Chicago, IL 6/10/99: The James V. Warren Lecture, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 4/1/00: Martial Demany Lecture, St. Vincent Charity Hospital, Cleveland, OH 6/8/01: The Criscitiello Lecture, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 5/2/02: Leonard Horowitz Lecture, Philadelphia Cardiac Electrophysiology Society, Philadelphia, PA 11/16/02: The Gordon K. Moe Lecture, Annual Meeting of the Cardiac Electrophysiology Society, Chicago, IL 3/28/03: The David G. Greene Memorial Lecture, Buffalo, New York

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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10/4/03: The Reiss Odenheimer Lecture, 75th Annual Scientific Session, The New York Cardiological Society, Inc.; 13th Annual Meeting New York State Chapter, American College of Cardiology, New York, New York 4/29/04: The Bernard Tabatznik Lecture, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 5/9/07: First Annual Founders’ Lecture, Heart Rhythm Society, Denver, CO 5/9/07: Michel Mirowski, M.D. Lecture, Mirowski Symposium, Heart Rhythm Society, Denver, CO POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS WHO WERE FINALISTS IN YOUNG INVESTIGATOR AWARD COMPETITIONS Ken Okumura, MD North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, 1985 – First Place Akihiko Shimizu, MD North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, 1990 – Honorable Mention, Basic José Ortiz, MD North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, 1993 – Honorable Mention, Basic Koichiro Kumagai, MD American College of Cardiology - 1996 - Honorable Mention, Basic Kikuya Uno, MD North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, 1997 – Honorable Mention, Basic Kunihiro Matsuo, MD North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, 1999 – Honorable Mention, Basic BOARD CERTIFICATION Internal Medicine - 1971 Cardiovascular Medicine - 1975 Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology - 1992

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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SCIENTIFIC PAPERS

WALDO, A. L., Vitikainen, K. J., Harris, P. D., Malm, J. R., Hoffman, B. F.: The mechanism of synchronization in isorhythmic A-V dissociation; some observations on the morphology and polarity of the P wave during retrograde capture of the atria. Circulation 38:880-897, 1968. Kaiser, G. A., WALDO, A. L., Harris, P. D., Bowman, F. O., Jr., Hoffman, B. F., Malm, J. R.: A new method to delineate myocardial damage at surgery. Circulation 39:Suppl I-83-89, 1969. Harris, P. D., Kaiser, G. A., Bowman, F. O., Jr., Malm, J. R., Castany, R., WALDO, A. L.: The use of a digital readout unit for rapid determination of myocardial stimulation thresholds. Surgery 65:10-16, 1969. Kaiser, G. A., WALDO, A. L., Bowman, F. O., Jr., Hoffman, B. F., Malm, J. R.: The use of ventricular electrograms in surgery for coronary artery disease and its complications. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 10:153-162, 1970. WALDO, A. L., Vitikainen, K. J., Kaiser, G. A., Malm, J. R., Hoffman, B. F.: The P wave and P-R interval: Effects of the site of origin of atrial depolarization. Circulation 42:653-671, 1970. Kaiser, G. A., WALDO, A. L., Beach, P., Bowman, F. O., Jr., Hoffman, B. F., Malm, J. R.: Specialized cardiac conduction system - improved electrophysiologic identification technique at surgery. Archives of Surgery 101:673-676, 1970. WALDO, A. L., Bush, H. L., Gelband, H., Zorn, G. L., Jr., Vitikainen, K. J., Hoffman, B. F.: The effects on the canine P wave of discrete lesions in the specialized atrial tracts. Circulation Research 29:452-466, 1971. Gelband, H., WALDO, A. L., Kaiser, G. A., Hoffman, B. F.: The etiology of right bundle branch block in patients undergoing total correction of tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation 44:1022-1033, 1971. WALDO, A. L., Vitikainen, K. J., Kaiser, G. A., Bowman, F. O., Jr., Malm, J. R., Hoffman, B. F.: Atrial standstill secondary to atrial inexcitability (atrial quiescence). Circulation 46:690-697, 1972. Kupersmith, J., Krongrad, E., WALDO, A. L.: Conduction intervals and conduction velocity in the human cardiac conduction system: Studies during open heart surgery. Circulation 47:776-785, 1973. WALDO, A. L., Kaiser, G. A.: A study of ventricular arrhythmias associated with acute myocardial infarction in the canine heart. Circulation 47:1222-1228, 1973.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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WALDO, A. L., Kaiser, G. A., Bowman, F. O., Jr., Malm, J. R.: Etiology of prolongation of the P-R interval in patients with an endocardial cushion defect: Further observations on internodal conduction and the polarity of retrograde P wave. Circulation 48:19-27, 1973. Krongrad, E., Malm, J. R., Bowman, F. O., Jr., Hoffman, B. F., Kaiser, G. A. and WALDO, A. L.: Electrophysiological delineation of the specialized A-V conduction system in patients with congenital heart disease. I. Delineation of the His bundle proximal to the membranous septum. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 67:875-882, 1974. Krongrad, E., Malm, J. R., Bowman, F. O., Jr., Hoffman, B. F. and WALDO, A. L.: Electrophysiological delineation of the specialized A-V conduction system in patients with congenital heart disease. II. Delineation of the distal His bundle and the right bundle branch. Circulation: 49:1232-1238, 1974. Kupersmith, J., Krongrad, E., Bowman, F. O., Jr., Malm, J. R. and WALDO, A. L.: Pacing the human cardiac conduction system during open-heart surgery. Circulation 50:499-506, 1974. Abelson, D. C., Wotman, S., Mandel, I. D., Marcus, L. S. and WALDO, A. L.: The effect of surgical procedure on salivary electrolytes. Journal of Oral Medicine 29:41-44, 1974. Cowan, R. H., WALDO, A. L., Harris, H. B., Cassady, G., and Brans, Y. W.: Neonatal paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with hydrops. Pediatrics 55:428-430, 1975. WALDO, A. L., Vitikainen, K. J. and Hoffman, B. F.: The sequence of atrial activation in the canine heart - correlation with positive and negative retrograde P waves. Circulation Research 37:156-163, 1975. MacLean, W. A. H., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., James, T. N. and WALDO, A. L.: P waves during ectopic atrial rhythms in man. A study utilizing atrial pacing with fixed electrodes. Circulation 52:426-434, 1975. WALDO, A. L., Pacifico, A. D., Bargeron, L. M., Jr., James, T. N. and Kirklin, J. W.: Electrophysiological delineation of the specialized A-V conduction system in patients with corrected transposition of the great vessels and ventricular septal defect. Circulation 52:435-441, 1975. James, T. N., Robertson, B. T., WALDO, A. L. and Branch, C. E.: De Subitaneis Mortibus. XV. Hereditary stenosis of the His bundle in Pug dogs. Circulation 52:1152-1160, 1975. WALDO, A. L., Krongrad, E., Kupersmith, J., Levine, O. R., Bowman, F. O., Jr. and Hoffman, B. F.: Ventricular paired pacing to control rapid ventricular heart rate following open heart surgery: Observations on ectopic automaticity: Report of a case in a four month old patient. Circulation 53:176-181, 1976. Massing, G. K., WALDO, A. L. and James, T. N.: Spontaneous atrial premature depolarizations during paroxysmal reentrant tachycardia. Journal of Electrocardiology 9:175-180, 1976.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Fox, L. S., Kirklin, J.W., Pacifico, A. D., WALDO, A. L., Bargeron, L. M., Jr.: Intracardiac repair of cardiac malformations with atrioventricular discordance. Circulation 54:123-127, 1976. WALDO, A. L., MacLean, W. A. H., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., James, T. N.: Continuous rapid atrial pacing to control recurrent or sustained supraventricular tachycardias following open heart surgery. Circulation 54:245-250, 1976. Branch, C. E., Barnes, C. C., WALDO, A. L. and Beckett, S. D.: A digital stimulation control system for introducing premature stimuli. Journal of Applied Physiology 40:987-989, 1976. WALDO, A. L., MacLean, W. A. H., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., James, T. N.: Entrainment and interruption of atrial flutter with atrial pacing: Studies in man following open heart surgery. Circulation 56:737-745, 1977. WALDO, A. L., MacLean, W. A. H., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., James, T. N.: Sequence of retrograde atrial activation of the human heart. Correlation with P wave polarity. British Heart Journal 39:634-640, 1977. Branch, C. E., Robertson, B. T., Beckett, S. D., WALDO, A. L., James, T. N.: An animal model of spontaneous syncope and sudden death. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 30:592-603, 1977. Wells, J. L., Jr., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., MacLean, W. A. H., James, T. N. and WALDO, A. L.: Characterization of atrial fibrillation in man. Studies following open heart surgery. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 1:426-438, 1978. WALDO, A. L., MacLean, W. A. H., Cooper, T. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., Karp, R. B.: The use of temporarily placed epicardial atrial wire electrodes for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias following open heart surgery. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 76:500-505, 1978. Wells, J. L., Jr., MacLean, W. A. H., James, T. N. and WALDO, A. L.: Characterization of atrial flutter. Studies in man after open heart surgery using fixed atrial electrodes. Circulation 60:665-673, 1979. Hirschowitz, B. I., Rentz, J., Molina, E. and WALDO, A. L.: Gastric and cardiovascular effects of histamine in the dog. Agents and Actions 9:428-434, 1979. Cooper, T. B., Hageman, G. R., James, T. N. and WALDO, A. L.: Neural effects on sinus rate and A-V conduction produced by electrical stimulation from a transvenous electrode catheter in the canine right pulmonary artery. Circulation Research 46:48-57, 1980. Krongrad, E., Steeg, C. N., Hordof, A. J., WALDO, A. L. and Gersony, W. M.: Responsiveness to rapid atrial pacing of the specialized atrioventricular conduction system in children. Pediatric Cardiology 1:185-191, 1980. Plumb, V. J., Karp, R. B., James, T. N. and WALDO, A. L.: Atrial excitability and conduction during rapid atrial pacing. Circulation 63:1140-1149, 1981.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

SCIENTIFIC PAPERS

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MacLean, W. A. H., Plumb, V. J. and WALDO, A. L.: Transient entrainment and interruption of ventricular tachycardia. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 4:358-366, 1981. Plumb, V. J., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., Zorn, G. L., Jr., James, T. N. and WALDO, A. L.: Verapamil therapy of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter following open heart surgery. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 83:590-596, 1982. Klein, H., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., Zorn, G. L., Jr., James, T. N. and WALDO, A. L.: Intraoperative electrophysiological mapping of the ventricles during sinus rhythm in patients with a previous myocardial infarction. Identification of the electrophysiological substrate for the generation of ventricular arrhythmias. Circulation 66:847-853, 1982. WALDO, A. L., Plumb, V. J., Arciniegas, J. G., MacLean, W. A. H., Cooper, T. B., Priest, M. F. and James, T. N.: Transient entrainment and interruption of A-V bypass pathway type paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. A model for understanding and identifying reentrant arrhythmias in man. Circulation 67:73-83, 1983. Westaby, S., Karp, R. B., Kirklin, J. W., WALDO, A. L. and Blackstone, E. H.: Surgical treatment in Ebstein's malformation. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 34:388-395, 1982. Kay, G. N., Plumb, V. J., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Torsades de Pointes: The long-short initiating sequence and other clinical features: Observations in 32 patients. Journal of American College of Cardiology 2:806-817, 1983. Pagé, P., Arciniegas, J. G., Plumb, V. J., Henthorn, R. W., Karp, R. B., WALDO, A. L.: Value of epicardial programmed ventricular stimulation after surgery for ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Journal of American College of Cardiology 2:1046, 1983. Pagé, P., Arciniegas, J. G., Plumb, V. J., Zimmern, S. H., Henthorn, R. W., Karp, R. B., WALDO, A. L.: Études électrophysiologiques post-opératoires. L’utilisation des électrodes épicardiques pour l’évaluation électrophysiologuqe du traitement chirurgical des arhthmies ventriculaires. Lunion médicale du Canada 1983 ;112 :1041-6. WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W., Plumb, V. J., MacLean, W. A. H.: Demonstration of the mechanism of transient entrainment and interruption of ventricular tachycardia with rapid atrial pacing. Journal of American College of Cardiology 3:422-430, 1984. Freeman, A. M. III, Fleece, L., Foks, D. G., Cohen-Cole, S., WALDO, A. L.: Psychiatric symptoms, type A behavior, and arrhythmias following coronary bypass. Psychosomatics 25:586-589, 1984. Okumura, K., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Further observations on transient entrainment: Importance of pacing site and properties of the components of the reentry circuit. Circulation 72:1293-1307, 1985.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Abrams, J., Allen, J., Allin, D., Anderson, J., Anderson, S., Blanski, L., Chadda, K., DiBianco, R., Favrot, L., Gonzalez, J., Horowitz, L., Laddu, A., Lee, R., MacCosbe, P., Morganroth, J., Narula, O., Singh, B., Singh, J., Steck, J., Swerdlow, C., Turlapaty, P., WALDO, A. L.: Efficacy and safety of esmolol vs propranolol in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: A multicenter double-blind clinical trial. American Heart Journal 110:913-922, 1985. Morganroth, J., Horowitz, L. N., Anderson, J., Turlapaty, P., the Esmolol Group: Comparative efficacy and tolerance of esmolol to propranolol for control of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia. American Journal of Cardiology 56:33F-39F, 1985. The CAPS Investigators: The Cardiac Arrhythmia Pilot Study. American Journal of Cardiology 57:91-95, 1986. Okumura, K., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Incessant atrioventricular (AV) reciprocating tachycardia utilizing a left lateral AV bypass pathway with a long retrograde conduction time. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 9:332-342, 1986. Pagé, P. L., Plumb, V. J., Okumura, K., WALDO, A. L.: A new animal model of atrial flutter. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 8:872-879, 1986. Okumura, K., Olshansky, B., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Demonstration of the presence of slow conduction during sustained ventricular tachycardia in man. Circulation, 75:369-378, 1987. Brugada, P., WALDO, A. L., Wellens, H. J. J.: Transient entrainment and interruption of atrioventricular nodal tachycardia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 9:769-775, 1987. Okumura, K., WALDO, A. L.: Effects of n-acetyl procainamide on experimental atrial flutter and atrial electrophysiologic properties in conscious dogs with sterile pericarditis: Comparison with the effects of quinidine. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 9:1332-1338, 1987. Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Phenytoin in the treatment of inducible ventricular tachycardia: Results of electrophysiologic testing and long-term follow up. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 1987, 10:1049-1057, 1987. McGiffin, D. C., Kirklin, J. K., Plumb, V. J., Blackstone, E. H., WALDO, A. L., Kirklin, J. W., Karp, R. B.: Relief of life threatening ventricular tachycardia and survival after direct operations. Circulation, 76:V93-103, 1987. Morganroth, J. for the Mexiletine-Quinidine Research Group: Comparative efficacy and safety of oral mexiletine and quinidine in benign or potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias. American Journal of Cardiology 60:1276-1281, 1987.

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Olshansky, B., Okumura, K., Hess, P. G., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Use of procainamide with rapid atrial pacing for successful conversion of atrial flutter to sinus rhythm. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 11:359-64, 1988. Henthorn, R. W., Okumura, K., Olshansky, B., WALDO, A. L.: A fourth criterion for transient entrainment: The electrogram equivalent of progressive fusion. Circulation 77:1003-1012, 1988. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Pilot Study (CAPS) Investigators: Effects of encainide, flecainide, imipramine and moricizine on ventricular arrhythmias during the year after acute myocardial infarction: The CAPS Investigators. American Journal of Cardiology, 61:501-509, 1988. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Pilot Study (CAPS) Investigators: Recruitment and baseline description of patients in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Pilot Study. American Journal of Cardiology, 61:704-713, 1988. The Encainide-Ventricular Tachycardia Study Group: Treatment of life-threatening ventricular tachycardia with encainide hydrochloride in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. American Journal of Cardiology, 62:571-575, 1988. Moreira, D. A. R., Shepard, R. B., WALDO, A. L.: Chronic rapid atrial pacing to maintain atrial fibrillation: Use to permit control of ventricular rate in order to treat tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 12:761-775, 1989. Anderson, J. L., Gilbert, E. M., Alpert, B. L., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L., Bhandari, A. K., Hawkinson, R. W., Pritchett, E. L. C., and the Flecainidine Supraventricular Tachycardia Study Group: Prevention of symptomatic recurrences of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients initially tolerating antiarrhythmic therapy: A multi center, double-blind, cross over study of flecainide and placebo using transtelephonic monitoring. Circulation, 80:1557-1570, 1989. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators: Effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine 321:406-412, 1989. Laurita, K., Sun, G., Thomas, C. W., Kavuru, M., Liebman, J., WALDO, A. L.: Interactive cardiac mapping. I. Data acquisition. Proceedings IEEE, Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society 11th Annual International Conference, 204-205, 1989. Sun, G., Laurita, K., Thomas, C. W., Liebman, J., Wang, J., WALDO, A. L.: Interactive cardiac mapping. II. Data analysis. Proceedings IEEE, Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society 11th Annual International Conference, 206-207, 1989. Thomas, C. W., Laurita, K., Sun, G., Liebman, J., WALDO, A. L.: A cardiac potential mapping system. Journal of Electrocardiology 22:Suppl 64-71, 1989. Elefteriades, J. A., Batsford, W. P., Rosenfeld, L., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L., Geha, A. S.: Evolving patterns in the surgical treatment of malignant

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ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 49:94-100, 1990. Olshansky, B., Okumura, K., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Characterization of double potentials in human atrial flutter: Studies during transient entrainment. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 15:833-841, 1990. Olshansky, B., Okumura, K., Hess, P. G., WALDO, A. L.: Demonstration of an area of slow conduction in human atrial flutter. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 16:1639-1648, 1990. Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L., Anderson, J. L., Gilbert, E. M., Alpert, B. L., Bhandari, A. K., Hawkinson, R. W., Pritchett, E. L. C., and the Flecainide Supraventricular Tachycardia Study Group: Flecainide acetate prevents recurrence of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Circulation, 83:119-125, 1991. Okumura, K., Plumb, V. J., Pagé, P. L., WALDO, A. L.: Atrial activation sequence during atrial flutter in the canine pericarditis model and its effects on the polarity of the flutter wave in the electrocardiogram. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 17:509-518, 1991. Shimizu, A., Nozaki, A., Rudy, Y., WALDO, A. L.: Onset of induced atrial flutter in the canine pericarditis model. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 17:1223-1234, 1991. Liebman, J., Zeno, J. A., Olshansky, B., Geha, A. S., Thomas, C. W., Rudy, Y., Henthorn, R. W., Cohen, M., WALDO, A. L.: Electrocardiographic body surface potential mapping in the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Non-invasive determination of the ventricular insertion sites of accessory AV connections. Circulation, 83:886-901, 1991. Shimizu, A., Nozaki, A., Rudy, Y., WALDO, A. L.: Multiplexing studies of the effects of rapid atrial pacing on the area of slow conduction during atrial flutter in the canine pericarditis model. Circulation. 83:983-994, 1991. Capone, R. J., Pawitan, Y., El-Sherif, N., Geraci, T. S., Handshaw, K., Morganroth, J., Schlant, R. C., WALDO, A. L., and the CAST Investigators: Events in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial: Baseline predictors of mortality in placebo patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 18:1434-1438, 1991. Evans, G. T., Jr., Scheinman, M. M., Bardy, G., Borggrefe, M., Brugada, P., Fisher, J., Fontaine, G., Huang, S. K. S., Huang, W. H., Josephson, M., Kuck, K.-H., Hlatky, M. A., Levy, S., Lister, J. W., Marcus, F., Morady, F., Tchou, P., WALDO, A. L., Wood, D.: Predictors of inhospital mortality after DC catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction: Results of a prospective, international, multicenter study. Circulation, 84:1924-1937, 1991. Geha, A. S., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L.: Selective surgical approach for atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 53:200-206, 1992. Kerber, R. E., Kienzle, M. G., Olshansky, B., WALDO, A. L., Wilber, D., Carlson, M. D., Aschoff, A. M., Birger, S., Fugatt, L., Walsh, S., Rockwell, M., Charbonnier, F.: Ventricular tachycardia rate and morphology determine energy and current requirements for transthoracic

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cardioversion. Circulation, 85:158-163, 1992.

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Carlson, M. D., Geha, A. S., Hsu, J., Martin, P. J., Levy, M. N., Jacobs, G., WALDO, A. L.: Selective stimulation of parasympathetic nerve fibers to the human sinoatrial node. Circulation, 85:1311-1317, 1992. THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA SUPPRESSION TRIAL-II (CAST) INVESTIGATORS: Effect of the antiarrhythmic agent moricizine on survival after myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine 327:227-233, 1992. Bhandari, A. K., Anderson, J. L., Gilbert, M., Alpert, B. L., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L., Cullen, M. T., Jr., Hawkinson, R. W., Pritchett, E. L. C., and the Flecainide Supraventicular Tachycardia Study Group: Correlation of symptoms with occurrence of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia or atrial fibrillation: A transtelephonic monitoring study. American Heart Journal, 124:381-386, 1992. Hallstrom, A. P., Bigger, J. T., Jr., Roden, D., Friedman, L., Akiyama, T., Richardson, D. W., Rogers, W. J., WALDO, A. L., Pratt, C. M., Capone, R. J., Griffith, L., Theroux, P. A., Barker, A. H., Woosley, R. L.: Prognostic significance of ventricular premature depolarizations measured 1 year after myocardial infarction in patients with early postinfarction asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 29:259-264, 1992. Geha, A. S., Elefteriades, J. A., Hsu, J., Biblo, L. A., Hoch, D. H., Batsford, W. P., Rosenfeld, L. E., Carlson, M. D., Johnson, N. J., WALDO, A. L.: Strategies in the surgical treatment of malignant ventricular arrhythmias: An eight-year experience. Annals of Surgery, 216:309317, 1992. Gatzoulis, K. A., Biblo, L. A., WALDO, A. L., Carlson, M. D.: Atrial flutter causes pseudo late potentials on signal averaged electrocardiogram. American Journal of Cardiology, 71:251253, 1993. Olshansky, B., Moreira, D., WALDO, A. L.: Characterization of double potentials during ventricular tachycardia: Studies during transient entrainment. Circulation, 87:373-381, 1993. Mitrani, R., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D., Gatzoylis, K. A., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Multiple monomorphic ventricular tachycardia configurations predict failure of antiarrhythmic drug therapy guided by electrophysiologic study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 22:1117-1122, 1993. Ortiz, J., Igarasahi, M., Gonzalez, X., Laurita, K., Rudy, Y., WALDO, A. L.: Mechanism of spontaneous termination of atrial flutter in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Circulation, 88:1866-1877, 1993. Shimizu, A., Nozaki, A., Rudy, Y., WALDO, A. L.: Characterization of double potentials in a functionally determined reentrant circuit - Multiplexing studies during interruption of atrial flutter in the canine pericarditis model. The Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 22:2022-2032, 1993.

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Ortiz, J., Niwano, S., Abe, H., Rudy, Y., Johnson, N. J., WALDO, A. L.: Mapping the conversion of atrial flutter to atrial fibrillation and atrial fibrillation to atrial flutter - Insights into mechanism. Circulation Research, 74:882-894, 1994. Task Force of the Working Group on Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology (Bigger, J. T., Jr., Breithardt, G., Camm, A. J., DeMets, D. L., Furberg, C. D., Hallstrom, A., Janse, M. J., Julian, D. G., Lan, K-K. G., Lazzara, R., Marcus, F. I., Moss, A. J., Tijssen, J. G. P., WALDO, A. L.): The early termination of clinical trials: Causes, consequences, and control with special reference to trials in the field of arrhythmias and sudden death. Circulation, 89; 2892-2907, 1994. European Heart Journal 15:721-738, 1994. Ortiz, J., Nozaki, A., Shimizu, A., Khrestian, C., Rudy, Y., WALDO, A. L.: Mechanism of interruption of atrial flutter by moricizine: Electrophysiologic and multiplexing studies in the canine sterile pericarditis model of atrial flutter. Circulation, 89:2860-2869, 1994. Carlson, M. D., White, R. D., Trohman, R. G., Adler, L. P., Biblo, L. A., Merkatz, K. A., WALDO, A. L.: Right ventricular outflow tract ventricular tachycardia: Detection of previously unrecognized anatomical abnormalities using cine magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of American College of Cardiology, 24:720-727, 1994. Niwano, S., Ortiz, J., Abe, H., Gonzalez, H. X., Rudy, Y., WALDO, A. L.: Characterization of excitable gap in a functionally determined reentry circuit. Studies in the sterile pericarditis model of atrial flutter. Circulation, 90:1997-2014, 1994. WALDO, A. L., Camm, A. J., Friedman, P. L., MacNeil, D. J., Pitt, B., Pratt, C. M., Rodda, B. E., Schwartz, P. J., deRuyter, H. for the SWORD Investigators. Survival with oral d-sotalol in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: Rationale, design and methods (the SWORD Trial). American Journal of Cardiology, 75:1023-1027, 1995. Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L.: Insights into the Electrophysiology Study Versus Electrocardiographic Monitoring Trial: Its programmed stimulation protocol may introduce bias when assessing long term antiarrhythmic drug therapy. The Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 25:1601-4, 1995. Gatzoulis, K., Biblo, L. A., WALDO, A. L., Carlson, M. D.: Regular wide QRS complex tachycardia during atrial fibrillation in a patient with preexcitation syndrome. A case report. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 6:493-497, 1995. Lee, J. H., Folsom, D. L., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D., Johnson, N. J., WALDO, A. L., Geha, A. S.: Combined internal cardioverter-defibrillator implantation and myocardial revascularization for ischemic ventricular arrhythmias: Optimal cost-effective strategy. Cardiovascular Surgery, 3:393-396, 1995. Ortiz, J., Sokoloski, M. C., Ayers, G. M., Cmolik, B. L., Niwano, S., Geha, A. S., WALDO, A. L.: Atrial defibrillation using temporary epicardial defibrillation stainless steel wire electrodes: Studies in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 26:1356-64, 1995.

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Josephson, R. A., Chahine, R. A., Morganroth, J., Anderson, J. L., WALDO, A. L., Hallstrom A. for the CAST Investigators: Prediction of cardiac death in patients with a very low ejection fraction after myocardial infarction: A Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) study. American Heart Journal 130:685-691, 1995. Gatzoulis, K., Carlson, M. D., Biblo, L. A., WALDO, A. L., Rizos, I., Gialafos, J., Toutouzas, P.: Time domain analysis of the signal averaged electrocardiogram in patients with a conduction defect or a bundle branch block. European Heart Journal 16:1912-1919, 1995. Cmolik, B. L., Ortiz, J., Ayers, G. M., Lee, J. H., Geha, A. S., WALDO, A. L.: Successful atrial defibrillation with very low energy shocks by means of temporary epicardial wire electrodes. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 111:392-8, 1996. Lee, J. H., Geha, A. S., Rattehalli, N. M., Cmolik, B. L., Johnson, N. J., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L.: Salvage of infected ICDs: Management without removal. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 19:13:[Pt I]:437-442, 1996. WALDO, A. L., Camm, A. J., deRuyter, H., Friedman, P. L., MacNeil, D. J., Pauls, J. F., Pitt, B., Pratt, C. M., Schwartz, P. J., Veltri, E. P. for the SWORD Investigators: Effect of d-sotalol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Lancet 348:7-12, 1996. WALDO, A. L., Cooper, T. B.: Spontaneous onset of Type I atrial flutter in patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 28:707-712, 1996. Kerber, R. E., Kieso, R. A., Kienzle, M. G., Olshansky, B., WALDO, A. L., Carlson, M. D., Wilber, D. J., Aschoff, A. M., Birger, S., Charbonnier, F.: Current-based transthoracic defibrillation. American Journal of Cardiology 78:1113-1118, 1996. Moss, A. J., Hall, W. J., Cannom, D. S., Daubert, J. P., Higgins, S. L., Klein, H., Levine, J. H., Saksena, S., WALDO, A. L., Wilber, D., Brown, M. W., Heo, M. for the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Investigators: Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia. New England Journal of Medicine, 335:1933-1940, 1996. Kumagai, K., Khrestian, C., WALDO, A. L.: Simultaneous multisite mapping studies during induced atrial fibrillation in the sterile pericarditis model - Insights into the Mechanism of its Maintenance. Circulation 95:511-521, 1997. Anderson, J. L., Pratt, C. M., WALDO, A. L., Karagounis, L. A.: The impact of the FDA approval of flecainide and encainide on coronary heart disease mortality: Putting "Deadly Medicine" to the test. American Journal of Cardiology 79:43-47, 1997. The Planning and Steering Committees of the AFFIRM study for the NHLBI AFFIRM Investigators. Atrial fibrillation follow up investigation of rhythm management - the AFFIRM study design. American Journal of Cardiology, 79:1198-1202, 1997.

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Sokoloski, M. C., Ayers, G. M., Kumagai, K., Khrestian, C. M., Niwano, S., WALDO, A. L.: Safety of transvenous atrial defibrillation: Studies in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Circulation 1997;96:1343-1350. Pratt, C. M., Camm, A. J., Cooper, W., Friedman, P. L., MacNeil, D. J., Moulton, K. M., Pitt, B., Schwartz, P. J., Veltri, E. P., WALDO, A. L. for the SWORD Investigators: Mortality in the Survival With Oral D-sotalol (SWORD) Trial: Why did patients die? American Journal of Cardiology 1998;81:869-876. Wellens, H. J. J., Lau, C.-P., Luderitz, B., Akhtar, M., WALDO, A. L., Camm, A. J., Timmermans, C., Tse, H.-F., Jung, W., Jordaens, L., Ayers, G. for the METRIX Investigators: Atrioverter: An implantable device for the treatment of atrial fibrillation Circulation 1998;98:1651-1656. Uno, K., Kumagai, K., Khrestian, C., WALDO, A. L.: New insights regarding the atrial flutter reentrant circuit – Studies in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Circulation, 1999;100:13541360. He, Y. H., Ghanem, R. N., WALDO, A. L., Rudy Y: An interactive graphical system for automated mapping and display of cardiac rhythms. Journal of Electrocardiology, 1999;32:225-241. Kumagai, K., Uno, K., Khrestian, C., WALDO, A. L.: Single site radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation – Studies guided by simultaneous multisite mapping in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2000;36:917-923. Chan, D. P., Van Hare, G. F., Mackall, J. A., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L.: Importance of atrial flutter isthmus in post-operative intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia. Circulation, 2000;102:1283-1289. Tomita, Y., Matsuo, K., Sahadevan, J., Khrestian, C. M., WALDO, A. L.: Role of functional block extension in lesion related atrial flutter. Circulation 2001;103:1025-1030. Geller, J. C., Geller, M., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L.: Efficacy and safety of moricizine in the maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation. American Journal of Cardiology 2001;87:127-177. Matsuo, K., Uno, K., Khrestian, C. M., WALDO, A. L.: Conduction from left-to-right and right-toleft across the crista terminalis. American Journal of Physiology, Heart & Circulatory Physiology 2001;280:H1683-H1691. Burnes, J. E., Ghanem, R. N., WALDO, A. L., Rudy, Y.: Imaging dispersion of myocardial repolarization. I. Comparison of body surface and epicardial measures. Circulation, 2001;104:1299-1305. Ghanem, R. N., Burnes, J. E., WALDO, A. L., Rudy, Y.: Imaging dispersion of myocardial repolarization. II. Noninvasive reconstruction of epicardial measures. Circulation, 2001;104:1306-1312.

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Ghanem, R. N., Burnes, J. E., WALDO, A. L., Rudy, Y.: Electrocardiographic imaging: noninvasive reconstructio of epicardial measures of dispersion of repolarization. Biomedizinische Technik 2001; 46:201-203. WALDO, A. L.: Mechanisms of atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation: distinct entities or two sides of a coin? Cardiovascular Research, 2002;54:217-229. The AFFIRM Investigators: Baseline characteristics of patients with atrial fibrillation: The AFFIRM Study. American Heart Journal 2002;143:991-1001. Wyse, D. G., WALDO, A. L., DiMarco, J. P., Domanski, M. J., Rosenberg, Y., Schron, E. B., Kellen, J. C., Greene, H. L., Mickel, M. C., Dalquist, J. E., Corley, S. D.: A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation. New England Journal of Medicine. 2002;347:1825-1833. Greene, H. L., WALDO, A. L. for The AFFIRM First Antiarrhythmic Drug Substudy Investigators: Maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation: An AFFIRM substudy of the first antiarrhythmic drug administered. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2003;42:20-29. WALDO, A. L.: Stroke Prevention in atrial fibrillation. (Editorial) Journal of the American Medical Association, 2003;290:1093-1095. Ryu, K., WALDO, A. L., Khrestian, C. M., Goldstein, R. N., Sahadevan, J., Dorostkar, P. C.: Comparative effects of bipolar single site and bipolar linear triple site pacing on atrial activation – studies in canine models. In: the 25th IEEE EMBS Annual International Conference: Proc IEEE Eng Med & Biol Soc 2003;2:186-189. Corley, S. D., Epstein, A. E., DiMarco, J. P., Domanski, M. J., Geller, N., Greene, H. L., Josephson, R. A., Kellen, J. C., Klein, R. C., Krahn, A. D., Mickel, M., Mitchell, L. B., Nelson, J. D., Rosenberg, Y., Schron, E., Shemanski, L., WALDO, A. L., Wyse, D. G.: Relationships between sinus rhythm, treatment, and survival in the Atrial Fibrillation Followup Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study. Circulation 2004;109:1509-1513. Varma, N., Gilkeson, R. C., WALDO, A. L.: Typical counterclockwise atrial flutter occurring despite absence of the inferior vena cava. Heart Rhythm, 2004;1:82-87. Ryu, K., Khrestian, C. M., Matsumoto, N., Sahadevan, J., Goldstein, R. N., Dorostkar, P. C., WALDO, A. L.: Characterization of the critical cycle length of a left atrial driver which causes right atrial fibrillatory conduction. Proc. IEEE Eng Med & Biol Soc. 2004;6:3960-3963. Sahadevan, J., Ryu, K., Peltz, L., Khrestian, C. M., Markowitz, A. H., Stewart, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Epicardial mapping of chronic atrial fibrillation – preliminary observations. Circulation, 2004;110:3293-3299.

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Goldstein, R. N., Khrestian, C. M., Carlsson, L., WALDO, A. L.: AZD7009: A new antiarrhythmic drug with predominant effects on the atria effectively terminates and prevents reinduction of atrial fibrillation and flutter in the sterile pericarditis model. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 2004;15:1444-1450. Caprini, J. A., Ballard, D. J., Becker, R. C., Hyers, T. M., Khetan, R., Tapson, V. F., WALDO, A. L., Wittkowsky, A. K., Colgan, K. J., Shillington, A. C.: Disparities in Antithrombotic Management. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association 5th Scientific Forum on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke, May 15-17, 2004. Sherman, D. G., Kim, S. G., Boop, B. S., Corley, S. D., DiMarco, J. P., Hart, R. G., Haywood, L. J., Hoyte, K., Kaufman, E. S., Kim, M. H., Nasco, E., WALDO, A. L. and the NHLBI AFFIRM Investigators: The occurrence and characteristics of stroke events in the AFFIRM study. Archives of Internal Medicine; 2005;105:1185-1191. AFFIRM Investigators. Quality of life in atrial fibrillation. The AFFIRM Study. American Heart Journal. 2005;149:112-120. DiMarco, J. P., Flaker, G., WALDO, A. L., Corley, S. D., Greene, H. L., Safford, R. E., Rosenfeld, L. E., Mitrani, G., Nemeth, M., and the AFFIRM investigators. Factors affecting bleeding risk during anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: Observations from the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study. American Heart Journal, 2005;149:650-656. Curtis, A. B., Gersh, B. J., Corley, S. D., DiMarco, J. P., Domanski, M. J., Geller, N., Greene, H. L., Kellen, J. C., Mickel, M., Nelson, J. D., Rosenberg, Y., Schron, E., Chemanski, L., WALDO, A. L., Wyse, D. G.: The AFFIRM Investigators. Clinical factors that influence response to treatment strategies in atrial fibrillation: The Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study. American Heart Journal 2005;149:645-649. Tapson, V. F., Hyers, T. M., WALDO, A. L., Ballard, D. J., Becker, R. C., Caprini, J. A., Khetan, R., Wittkowsky, A. K., Colgan, K. J., Shillington, A. C.; NABOR (National Anticoagulation Benchmark and Outcomes Report) Steering Committee. Antithrombotic therapy practices in US hospitals in an era of practice guidelines. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2005;165:1458-1464. WALDO, A. L., Becker, R. C., Tapson, V. F., Colgan, K. J. for the NABOR Steering Committee. Hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation and a high risk of stroke are not being provided with adequate anticoagulation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2005;46:17291736. Intini, A., Goldstein, R. N., Jia, P., Ramanathan, C., Ryu, K., Giannattasio, B., Gilkeson, R., Stambler, B. S., Brugada, P., Stevenson, W. G., Rudy, Y., WALDO, A. L.: Electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI), a novel diagnostic modality for mapping of focal left ventricular tachycardia in a young athlete. Heart Rhythm 2005;2:1250-1252.

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Caprini, J. A., Tapson, V. F., Hyers, T. M., WALDO, A. L., Wittkowsky, A. K., Friedman, R., Colgan, K. J., Shillington, A. C., for the NABOR Steering Committee: Treatment of venous thromboembolism: adherence to guidelines and impact of physician knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 2005;42:726-733. Ryu, K., Ghanem, R. N., Khrestian, C. M., Matsumoto, N., Sahadevan, J., Dorostkar, P. C. Goldstein, R. N., WALDO, A. L.: Comparative effects of single and linear triple site rapid bipolar pacing on atrial activation in canine models. American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2005;289:H374-H384. Ryu, K., Sahadevan, J., Khrestian, C. M., Stambler, B. S., WALDO, A. L.: Use of Fast Fourier transform analysis of atrial electrograms for rapid characterization of atrial activation – implication for delineating possible mechanisms of atrial tachyarrhythmias. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 2006;17:198-206. Lewis, W. R., Guiraudon, G. M. WALDO, A. L.: Sinus rhythm and ventricular tachycardia coexisting simultaneously in the same heart. Heart Rhythm 2007;4:986. Ryu, K., Li, L., Khrestian, C. M., Matsumoto, N., Sahadevan, J., Ruehr, M. L., Van Wagoner, D. R., Efimov, I. R., WALDO, A. L.: Effects of sterile pericarditis on connexins 40 and 43 in the atria: correlation with abnormal conduction and atrial arrhythmias. American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2007;293:H1231-H1241. Goldstein, R. N., Ryu, K., Khrestian, C., Van Wagoner, D. R., WALDO, A. L.: Prednisone prevents inducible atrial flutter in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 2007;19:74-81. Sep 26; [Epub ahead of print]. Vitebskiy, S. A., Khrestian, C. M., WALDO, A. L.: Termination of a tachyarrhythmia by flunarizine is not a specific marker for a triggered mechanism. Heart Rhythm. 2007;4:154452.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Sahadevan J, Golebiewski J, Khrestian C, Ryu K, WALDO AL, Stambler BS. Atrial tachycardia in dogs with rapid ventricular pacing (RVP) induced congestive heart failure (CHF) is due to either a focal or reentrant mechanism. Manuscript in preparation. Srinivasan, D., Sahadevan, J., Ryu, K., Markowitz, A. H., WALDO, A. L.: New insights into the substrate for and mechanism of atrial fibrillation following open heart surgery. In preparation Intini, A., Khrestian, C. M., Matsumoto, N., Ryu, K., WALDO, A. L.: The area of slow conduction in the reentrant circuit of single loop atrial flutter is located in the right atrial free wall. Studies in canine models. Manuscript in preparation. Vitebskiy, S. A., Goldstein, R. N., Khrestian, C. M., WALDO, A. L.: Activation exits the pulmonary vein area via preferential conduction pathways. Manuscript in preparation Matsumoto, N., Khrestian, C. M., Ryu, K., WALDO, A. L.: New insights into the atrial flutter reentry circuit – studies during entrainment. Manuscript in preparation.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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BOOKS WALDO, A. L. and MacLean, W. A. H.: "Diagnosis and Treatment of Arrhythmias Following Open Heart Surgery - Emphasis on the Use of Epicardial Wire Electrodes." Futura Publishing Company, Mt. Kisco, New York, 1980. Touboul, P., and WALDO, A. L., (editors): "Atrial Arrhythmias: Current Concepts and Management." The C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis, Missouri, 1990. Schlant, R. C., Collins, J. J. Jr., Engle, M. A., Gersh, B. J., Kaplan, N. M., WALDO, A. L. (eds.): "Year Book of Cardiology, 1993." Mosby, Inc., St. Louis, 1993. Members of the Sicilian Gambit (eds. Breithardt, G., Camm, A. J., Campbell, R. W. F., Fozzard, H. A., Hoffman, B., Janse, M. J., Lazzara, R., Levy, S., Myerburg, R. J., Roden, D. M. Rosen, M. R., Schwartz, P. J., Strauss, H. C., WALDO, A. L., Wit, A. L., Woosley, R. L., Zaza, A., Zipes, D. P.): "Antiarrhythmic Therapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach." Armonk, NY: Futura Publishing Co., Inc., 1994. Schlant, R. C., Collins, J. J. Jr., Engle, M. A., Gersh, B. J., Kaplan, N. M., WALDO, A. L. (eds.): "Year Book of Cardiology, 1994." Mosby, Inc., St. Louis, 1994. Schlant, R. C., Collins, J. J. Jr., Engle, M. A., Gersh, B. J., Kaplan, N. M., WALDO, A. L. (eds.): "Year Book of Cardiology, 1995." Mosby, Inc., St. Louis, 1995. WALDO, A. L., Touboul, P. (editors): "Atrial Flutter: Advances in Mechanisms and Management." Futura Publishing Company, Armonk, NY, 1996. Schlant, R. C., Collins, J. J. Jr., Engle, M. A., Gersh, B. J., Kaplan, N. M., WALDO, A. L. (eds.): "Year Book of Cardiology, 1996." Mosby, Inc., St. Louis, 1996. Schlant, R. C., Collins, J. J. Jr., Engle, M. A., Gersh, B. J., Kaplan, N. M., WALDO, A. L. (eds.): "Year Book of Cardiology, 1997." Mosby, Inc., St. Louis, 1997. Schlant, R. C., Collins, J. J. Jr., Gersh, B. J., Graham, T. P., Kaplan, N. M., WALDO, A. L. (eds.): “Year Book of Cardiology, 1998.” Mosby, Inc., St. Louis, 1998. Schlant, R. C., Collins, J. J. Jr., Gersh, B. J., Graham, T. P., Kaplan, N. M., WALDO, A. L. (eds.): “Year Book of Cardiology, 1999.” Mosby, Inc., St. Louis, 1999. Schlant, R. C., Collins, J. J. Jr., Gersh, B. J., Graham, T. P., Kaplan, N. M., WALDO, A. L. (eds.): “Year Book of Cardiology, 2000.” Mosby, Inc., St. Louis, 2000. WALDO, A. L.: Atrial flutter: From mechanism to treatment. Part of a series of monographs entitled “Clinical Approaches to Tachyarrhythmias.” Camm, A. J. (ed), Vol 14 Futura Publishing Co., Armonk, NY, 2001. Schlant, R. C., Collins, J. J. Jr., Gersh, B. J., Graham, T. P., Kaplan, N. M., WALDO, A. L. (eds.): “Year Book of Cardiology, 2001.” Mosby, Inc., St. Louis, 2001.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Schlant, R. C., Collins, J. J. Jr., Gersh, B. J., Graham, T. P., Kaplan, N. M., WALDO, A. L. (eds.): “Year Book of Cardiology, 2002.” Mosby, Inc., St. Louis, 2002. Gersh, B. J., Cheitlin, M. D., Graham, T. P. Kaplan, N. M., WALDO, A. L., Sundt, T. M., III (eds.): “Year Book of Cardiology, 2003.” Mosby, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, 2003. Gersh, B. J., Cheitlin, M. D., Graham, T. P. Kaplan, N. M., Sundt, T. M., III, WALDO, A. L. (eds.): “Year Book of Cardiology, 2004.” Mosby, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, 2004. Gersh, B. J., Cheitlin, M. D., Graham, T. P. Kaplan, N. M., Sundt, T. M., III, WALDO, A. L. (eds.): “Year Book of Cardiology, 2005.” Mosby, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, 2005. Gersh, B. J., Cheitlin, M. D., Elliott, W. J., Graham, T. P., Sundt, T. M., III, WALDO, A. L. (eds.): “Year Book of Cardiology, 2006.” Mosby, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, 2006. Gersh, B. J., Cheitlin, M. D., Elliott, W. J., Graham, T. P., Sundt, T. M., III, WALDO, A. L. (eds.): “Year Book of Cardiology, 2007.” Mosby, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, 2007.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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CD-ROM Prystowsky, E. N., Cannom, D. S., WALDO, A. L.: Cardiac Arrhythmias: Diagnosis and Treatment. A CME program for cardiologists and internists caring for patients with cardiac arrhythmias. (An interactive CD-ROM), The Institute for Medical Studies, 1999.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Chapters in Books Malm, J. R., Krongrad, E., WALDO, A. L., Reemstma, K. and Hoffman, B. F.:Current methodology in total correction of congenital cardiac malformations: Electrophysiologic considerations. In: "New Techniques in Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease". (Vogel, J. H. K., ed.), S. Karger -Basel and New York, 1974, pp 67-73. MacLean, W. A. H., WALDO, A. L. and James, T. N.: Formation and conduction of cardiac electrical impulse. In: "Progress in Cardiology." Vol 3 (Yu, P. N., Goodwin, J. F., eds.) Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1974, pp. 37-74. WALDO, A. L., MacLean, W. A. H. and James, T. N.: Electrophysiological delineation of the cardiac conduction system during open heart surgery. In: "Cardiac Arrhythmias in the Infant, Child and Adolescent." (Roberts, N., Gelband, H., eds.), John Wiley, Appleton Century Croft, New York, 1977, pp 373-404. WALDO, A. L., MacLean, W. A. H. and James, T. N.: The cardiac conduction system. Electrophysiological delineation during open heart surgery. In: "Advances in the Management of Arrhythmias." (Kelley, D. T., ed.), Telectronics Proprietary Ltd., Australia, 1978, pp 259-275. WALDO, A. L., Cooper, T. B. and MacLean, W. A. H.: Use of atrial epicardial wire electrodes in the diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias following open heart surgery. In: "Cardiac Arrhythmias. Mechanism, Diagnosis, Management." (Narula, O. S., ed.), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1979, pp 256-271. WALDO, A. L., Wells, J. L., Jr., Plumb, V. J., Cooper, T. B., MacLean, W. A. H.: Characterization of atrial flutter - Studies in patients following open heart surgery. In: "Cardiac Arrhythmias. Mechanism, Diagnosis, Management." (Narula, O. S., ed.) Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1979, pp 256-271. WALDO, A. L., Cooper, T. B. and MacLean, W. A. H.: Cardiac pacing in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias following open heart surgery. Use of temporarily placed atrial and ventricular wire electrodes. In: "Cardiac Pacing," 2nd Edition. (Samet, P., El-Sherif, N., eds.), Grune and Stratton, New York, 1980, pp 603-619. WALDO, A. L., Hoffman, B. F. and James, T. N.: The relationship of atrial activation to P wave polarity and morphology. In: "Physiology of Atrial Pacemakers and Conductive Tissues." (Little, R. C., ed.), Futura Publishing Company, Mt. Kisco, New York, 1980, pp 261-289. WALDO, A. L. and MacLean, W. A. H.: Diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias following open heart surgery. In: "Cardiac Arrhythmias. Their Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management." (Mandel, W. J., ed.), J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1980, pp 514-518. Schwartz, K. M., MacLean, W. A. H. and WALDO, A. L.: Treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias. In: "Cardiovascular Clinics: Critical Care Cardiology." (Rackley, C. E., ed.), F. A. Davis Co., Philadelphia, 1980, pp 25-48.

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WALDO, A. L., Plumb, V. J., Zorn, G. L., Kouchoukos, N. T., Karp, R. B.: The use of verapamil (Isoptin) in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias following open heart surgery an overview. In: "The Role of Calcium Ion Antagonist in the Management of Supraventricular Arrhythmias." Proceedings of a Symposium, Key Biscayne, Florida. Excerpta Medica, 1980, pp 101-105. WALDO, A. L., Arciniegas, J. G., Klein, H.: Surgical treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias: The role of intraoperative mapping and consideration of the presently available surgical techniques. In: "Sudden Cardiac Death". (Sonnenblick, E. H., Lesch, M., eds), Grune & Stratton, New York, 1981, pp 269-286. WALDO, A. L., Kaiser, G. A.: Electrophysiologic considerations for the cardiac surgical patient. In: "Care of the Cardiac Surgical Patient". (Litwak, R. S., ed.), - AppletonCenturyCrofts, New York, 1982, pp 241-280. WALDO, A. L.: Cardiac pacing: Role in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction. In: "Cardiac Therapy." (Rosen, M. R., Hoffman, B. F., eds), - Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1983, pp 299-336. WALDO, A. L., Plumb, V. J.,, Henthorn, R. W.: Observations on the mechanism of atrial flutter. In: "Tachycardias". (Surawicz, B., ed.), Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1984, pp 213-229. WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W., Plumb, V. J.: Atrial flutter - observations in man. In: "Tachycardias: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment". (Josephson, M. E., Wellens, H. J. J., eds.), - Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1984, pp 113-135. WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W., Plumb, V. J.: Atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation: Drug therapy and recent observations. In: "Clinical Pharmacology of Cardiac Antiarrhythmic Agents: Classical and Current Concepts Reevaluated." (Garfein, O.B., ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 432:258-271, 1984. WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J.: Diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias during and following open heart surgery. In: Medical Clinics of North America "Symposium on Cardiac Arrhythmias II." (Zipes, D. P., ed.), W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1984, pp 1153-1169. WALDO, A. L., Plumb, V. J., Henthorn, R. W.: Perioperative arrhythmias. In: "Perioperative Cardiac Dysfunction". Utley, J. R., ed.), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1985, pp 180-199. WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W., Olshansky, B.: Use of temporarily placed epicardial wire electrodes in the arrhythmia management of the post-operative open heart surgical patient. In: "Cardiology Update, 1986." (Rapaport, E., M.D., ed.), New York: Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., pp. 231-250.

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WALDO, A. L., Okumura, K., Olshansky, B., and Henthorn, R. W.: Use of transient entrainment of tachycardia as an aid to application of fulguration. In: "Ablation in Cardiac Arrhythmias." Fontaine, G., Scheinman, M. M., eds.) Futura Publishing Company, Mt. Kisco, New York, 1987, pp. 277-288. WALDO, A. L.: Chronology of the development of ablation techniques in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. In: "Ablation and Cardiac Arrhythmias." Fontaine, G., Scheinman, M. M., eds.) Futura Publishing Company, Mt. Kisco, New York, 1987, pp. 277-288. Okumura, K., Henthorn, R. W., Olshansky, B., WALDO, A. L.: Entrainment of sustained ventricular tachycardia: Evidence for collision of two excitation wave fronts from two different pacing impulses. In: "Cardiac Arrhythmias: Current Topics." (Iwa, T., Watanabe, Y., Misaki, T., eds.). Excerpta Medica, Princeton, New Jersey, 1987, pp. 145-148. WALDO, A. L., Olshansky, B., Okumura, K., Henthorn, R. W.: Current perspective on entrainment of tachyarrhythmias. In: "Cardiac Arrhythmias: Where To Go From Here?" (Brugada, P., Wellens, H. J. J., eds.) Futura, Mt. Kisco, New York, 1987, pp 171-189. WALDO, A. L.: Forward – In: “Clinical Electrophysiology of the Heart.” Ward, D. E., Camm, A. J. (eds). London. Edward Arnold, 1987. WALDO, A. L., Olshansky, B., Henthorn, R. W.: The mechanism and management of atrial flutter. In: "Cardiac Arrhythmias: Recent Progress in Investigation and Management," Chapter 7, Iwa, T., Fontaine, G. (eds.), Elsevier Science Publishers B. V. (Biomedical Division), 1988, pp. 79-86. WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W.: Pacing to predict mechanism: Transient entrainment and reentry. In: "Lethal Arrhythmias Resulting from Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction." (Rosen, M. R., Palti, Y., eds.). 1989. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, pp. 255-268. WALDO, A. L.: Arrhythmias following open heart surgery: Role of cardiac pacing and recording. In: "Current Therapy in Cardiothoracic Surgery." Grillo, H. C., Austen, W. G., Wilkins, E. W. Jr., Mathisen, D. J., Vlahakes, G. J., (eds.). Toronto, Philadelphia, B. C. Decker Inc., 1989, pp. 289-292. Switzer, D. F., WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W.: Hemodynamic effects of tachycardias: A: Supraventricular tachycardias. In: "Electrical Therapy of Cardiac Arrhythmias." (Saksena, S., Goldschlager, N., eds.). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company. 1990, pp. 467-477. Carlson, M. D., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Flecainide. In: "Cardiovascular Drug Therapy." (Messerli, F. H., ed.). Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1269-1287, 1990. WALDO, A. L.: Atrial Flutter. In: "Current Management of Arrhythmias", Horowitz, L. N. (ed.), Philadelphia, B. C. Decker, Inc., 1990, pp. 58-64.

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WALDO, A. L., Carlson, M. D., Henthorn, R. W.: Atrial flutter: Transient entrainment and related phenomena. In: "Cardiac Electrophysiology. From Cell to Bedside." Zipes, D. P., Jalife, J. (eds.). Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1990, pp. 530-537. WALDO, A. L.: Clinical evaluation in therapy of patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter. In: "Cardiology Clinics, Volume 8, Supraventricular Tachycardia." Scheinman, M. M. (ed.). Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1990, pp. 479-490. WALDO, A. L., Carlson, M. D., Henthorn, R. W.: Atrial flutter: Basic and clinical aspects. In: "Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology," 3rd ed. (El-Sherif, N., Samet, P., eds.). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company. 1990, pp. 184-189. WALDO, A. L., Carlson, M. D., Biblo, L. A., Henthorn, R. W.: The transient entrainment concept in understanding atrial flutter. In: "Atrial Arrhythmias: Current Concepts and Management." Touboul, P., Waldo, A. L. (eds.). St. Louis, Missouri: The C. V. Mosby Co., 1990, 210-228. WALDO, A. L., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D.: Transient entrainment: Concepts and applications. In: "Cardiac Electrophysiology: A Textbook." Rosen, M. R., Wit, A. L., Janse, M. (eds.) Mt. Kisco, NY: Futura Publishing Company, Inc., 1990, 623-643. WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W., Carlson, M. D.: Electrophysiologic evaluation for the surgical management of arrhythmias. In: "Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery", 5th edition. (Glenn, W. W. L., Baue, A. E., Geha, A. S., Hammond, G. L., Laks, H., eds.), AppletonCentury-Crofts, Norwalk, 1991, 1843-1860. WALDO, A. L.: What's new in atrial flutter. In: "Advances in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmias," Fisch, C., Surawicz, B. (eds.), New York:, Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc., 1991, 176-185. WALDO, A. L., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D.: Temporary pacing in the diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias after open heart surgery. In: "New Perspectives in Cardiac Pacing II," Barold, S. S., Mugica, J. (eds.). Mt. Kisco, NY: Futura Publishing Company, Inc., 1991, 339-357. WALDO, A. L., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D.: La stimulation temporaire dans le diagnostic et le traitement des arrhythmia après chirurgie à coeur ouvert. In: "La Stimulation Cardiaque. Nouvelles Perspectives." Mugica, J., Barold, S. S., Ripart, A. (eds.), Paris: Masson, 1992, pp 301-317. Carlson, M. D., Biblo, L. A., WALDO, A. L.: Post open heart surgery ventricular arrhythmias. In: "Contemporary Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias" In: Cardiovascular Clinics, Brest, A., Waxman, H. L., Greenspon, A. (eds.), Philadelphia: F. A. Davis. pp. 241-253, 1992. WALDO, A. L., Wit, A. L.: Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias. In: Arrhythmia Octet. Camm, A. J. (ed.) London: Lancet Publishing, 341:1189-1193, 1993.

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WALDO, A. L.: Mapping of Atrial Arrhythmias. An Editorial Comment In: "Cardiac Mapping." Shenasa, M., Borggrefe, M., Breithardt, G. (eds.). Mt. Kisco, NY: Futura Publishing Company, Inc. 1993, pp 461-469. Mackall, J. A., WALDO, A. L., Rosenbaum, D. S.: Electrical alternans of the surface ECG: Detection methods and relation to arrhythmia vulnerability. In: "Signal Averaged Electrocardiography. Concepts, Methods and Applications." Gomes, J. A. (ed.). The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1993, pp 561-576. WALDO, A. L., Kastor, J. A.: Atrial flutter. In: "Textbook of Cardiac Arrhythmias," Kastor, J. A. (ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1994, pp. 105-115. WALDO, A. L., Wit, A. L.: Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances. In: Hurst's The Heart. Eighth Edition. Schlant, R. C., Alexander, R. W. (eds.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994, pp. 659-704. Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L.: Follow-up of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator devices. In: "Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators. A Comprehensive Textbook." Estes, N. A. M., III, Manolis A. S., Wang, P. J. (eds.). New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1994, pp. 425-435. WALDO, A. L.: Atrial fibrillation following open heart surgery: Mechanisms and treatment. In: "Atrial Fibrillation - Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies." Olsson, S. B., Allessie, M. A., Campbell, R. W. F. (eds.), Armonk, NY: Futura Publishing Company, Inc. 1994, pp. 211-223. WALDO, A. L.: Atrial flutter. In: "Cardiac Arrhythmias: Mechanism Diagnosis and Management." Podrid, P. J., Kowey, P. R. (eds.), Baltimore: Williams & Wilkens. 1995, pp. 790-802. WALDO, A. L.: Atrial flutter: Mechanisms, clinical features, and management. In: "Cardiac Electrophysiology. From Cell to Bedside. 2nd Edition." Zipes, D. P., Jalife, J. (eds.). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1995, pp 666-681. WALDO, A. L.: Animal models of atrial arrhythmias. In: "Atrial Arrhythmias: State of the Art." DiMarco, J. P., Prystowsky, E. N. (eds.), Armonk, NY: Futura Publishing Company, Inc., 1995; pp. 213-240. Biblo, L. A., WALDO, A. L.: Supraventricular arrhythmias. In: "Noninvasive Electrocardiology. Clinical Aspects of Holter Monitoring," Moss, A., Stern, S. (eds.) London: W. B. Saunders Co. Ltd., 1996; pp 39-47. Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L.: Fibrilacion y aleteo auricular. In: "Arritmias Cardiacas." Zuelgaray, J. G. (ed.) Buenos Aires: Inter-Medica Editorial, 1996, pp 101-111. Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L.: Flecainide. In: "Cardiovascular Drug Therapy." 2nd Edition, (Messerli, F. H., ed.). Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company. 1996 pp 1304-1318.

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WALDO, A. L.: The canine sterile pericarditis model of atrial flutter. In: Waldo, A. L., Touboul, P. (eds.) "Atrial Flutter: Advances in Mechanisms and Management." Armonk, NY, Futura Publishing Company, Inc., 1996; pp 173-192. WALDO, A. L.: Transient entrainment of atrial flutter. In: Waldo, A. L., Touboul, P. (eds.) "Atrial Flutter: Advances in Mechanisms and Management." Armonk, NY, Futura Publishing Company, Inc., 1996; pp 241-257. Curtis, A. B., WALDO, A. L., Biblo, L. A.: Electrophysiology Self-Assessment Program (EPSAP) 3: Supraventricular Tachycardia. In: Conti, C. R., Naccarelli, G.V. (eds.) American College of Cardiology Self Study Collection 1996; pgs: 3.1-3.56. WALDO, A. L.: Animal models of atrial fibrillation. In: Murgatroyd, F. D., Camm, A. J. (eds) "Nonpharmacological Management of Atrial Fibrillation." Armonk, NY: Futura Publishing Company, Inc., 1997; pp 141-155. WALDO, A. L., Biblo, L. A.: AV nodal independent supraventricular tachycardias. In: The Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Topol, E. J. (ed.). Philadelphia, Lippincott Raven Press, 1997, pp. 1695-1726. WALDO, A. L., Wit, A. L.: Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances. In: Hurst's The Heart. Ninth Edition. Schlant, R. C., Alexander, R. W. (eds.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc, 1997; pp. 825-872. Kaelber, D., Burnes, J., Platt, S. B., Haaga, J., WALDO, A., Rudy, Y.: Design and development of tools for clinical electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI). Proceedings of the XXIII International Congress on Electrocardiology. In: J. Liebman (ed). Electrocardiology '96: From the Cell to the Body Surface. New Jersey: World Scientific, 1997, Pgs 57-60. Uno, K., Kumagai, K., Khrestian, C. M., WALDO, A. L.: Further characterization of the atrial flutter cycle length in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Proceedings of the XXIII International Congress on Electrocardiology. In: J. Liebman (ed). Electrocardiology '96: From the Cell to the Body Surface. New Jersey: World Scientific, 1997, Pgs 597-600. Kumagai, K., Uno, K., Khrestian, C. M., WALDO, A. L.: A new concept for the mechanism of maintenance of induced atrial fibrillation in the sterile pericarditis model. Proceedings of the XXIII International Congress on Electrocardiology. In: J. Liebman (ed). Electrocardiology '96: From the Cell to the Body Surface. New Jersey: World Scientific, 1997, Pgs 601- 604. WALDO, A. L., Mackall, J. A., Biblo, L. A.: Mechanisms and medical management of patients with atrial flutter. In: Cardiovascular Clinics, Vol 15, No. 4; Scheinman, M. (ed), "Advances in Supraventricular Tachycardia," Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1997, pp 661-676. WALDO, A. L.: Modern management of atrial fibrillation. In: Braunwald, E. (series editor). “Heart Disease, 5th Edition.” Update. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1999, 4:1-12.

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WALDO, A. L.: Atrial flutter: Mechanisms, clinical features, and management. In: “Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside” Third Edition, Zipes, D. P., Jalife, J. (eds.) Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company, 2000; 468-476. WALDO, A. L., Pratt, C. M.: The Survival With ORral D-Sotalol (SWORD) trial. In: Arrhythmia Treatment and Therapy , Woosley, R. L., Singh, B. N. (eds.) New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2000, Chapter 7, pp 129-150. WALDO, A. L.: Preface: In: “Atrial Fibrillation.” Waktare, J., Camm, A. J. (eds.), London: Martin Dunitz 2000, pp v-vi. Van Wagoner, D. R., Nerbonne, J. M., WALDO, A. L.: Remodeling of the atria during atrial fibrillation. In: “Atrial-AV Nodal Electrophysiology: A view from the millennium.” Mazgalev, T. N., Tchou, P. J. (eds.). Armonk, NY: Futura Publishing Co., Inc., 2000, pp. 335 –351. WALDO, A. L., Van Wagoner, D. R.: Atrial Fibrillation. In: Foundations of Cardiac Arrhythmias. Spooner, P. M., Rosen, M. R. (eds.) New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 2001; Ch 18, pp 479-512. WALDO, A. L., Wit, A. L.: Mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances. In: Hurst’s The Heart. 10th Edition. Fuster V, Alexander RW, O’Rourke RA, Roberts R, King SB, Wellens HJJ (eds.) New York, NY; McGraw-Hill Companies, 2001, Ch 23, pp 751796. WALDO, A. L.: Optical mapping of microscopic propagation: Clinical insights and applications. In: “Optical Mapping of Cardiac Excitation and Arrhythmias.” Rosenbaum, D. S., Jalife, J. (eds). Futura Publishing Co., Armonk, NY, 2001: 197-200 (ch 11). WALDO, A. L.: Atrial flutter. In: "Cardiac Arrhythmia: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Management." 2nd Edition. Podrid, P. J., Kowey, P. R. (eds.), Baltimore: Williams & Wilkens. 2001, pp. 501- 516 (ch 16). WALDO, A. L.: Treatment of atrial flutter. In: “Education in Heart.” Vol. 1, Mills, P. (series ed.) London: BMJ Books 2001, pp. 159-164. WALDO, A. L.: Mechanisms of atrial fibrillation. In: “Computer Simulation and Experimental Assessment of Cardiac Electrophysiology.” Virag, N., Blanc, O., Kappenberger, L., (eds.), Armonk, NY: Futura Publishing Co., Inc., 2001, pp. 127-137 (ch 15). WALDO, A. L., Wit, A. L.: Mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances. In: Hurst’s The Heart. 11th Edition. Fuster V, Roberts R, Alexander RW, O’Rourke RA, King SB, Nash I, Prystowsky P (eds.) New York, NY; McGraw-Hill Companies, 2004; Ch 27: 787-816. WALDO, A. L.: Atrial flutter: Mechanisms, clinical features, and management. In: “Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside” Fourth Edition, Zipes, D. P., Jalife, J. (eds.) Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company, 2004; Ch 54; pp 490-499.

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WALDO, A. L., Pratt, C. M.: Interpretation of clinical trials: how mortality trials relate to the therapy of atrial fibrillation. In: Electrophysiological Disorders of the Heart. Saksena, S., Camm, A. J. (eds.), Philadelphia, Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005, pp. 189-206, ch 11. WALDO, A. L.: Guidelines for anticoagulation of atrial fibrillation: Is it time for an update? In: Raviele, A. (ed.) Cardiac Arrhythmias 2005, Springer, Springer-Verlag Italia, 2006; pp 169176. Prystowsky, E. N., Themistociakis, S., Brachmann, J., Callans, D., Connolly, S. Lip, G. Y., WALDO, A. L.: Anticoagulation issues. In: Atrial Fibrillation Ablation. The state of the art based on the VeniceChart International Consensus Document. Natale, A., and Raviele, A. (eds.). Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Futura (Blackwell Publishing), 2007; pp 41-50. Prystowsky, E. N., WALDO, A. L.: Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter and Other Atrial Tachyarrhythmias. In: Hurst's The Heart. Twelfth Edition. Fuster et al. (eds.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc, 2008, Ch 37, 953-982. WALDO, A. L.: Anticoagulation: Stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. In: “Atrial Fibrillation,” Natale, A., Thakur, R. K. (eds.), Medical Clinics of North America. 2008;92:143-159. WALDO, A. L.: Atrial flutter: Mechanisms, clinical features, and management. In: “Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside.” Fifth Edition, Zipes, D. P., Jalife, J., (eds.), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company. In Press. WALDO A. L.: Atrial Fibrillation: Rate versus Rhythm. In: “Evidence Based Medicine, Third Edition, Yusuf, S., Cairns J., Camm, A. J., Fallen, E., Gersh, B., (eds.) Oxford, BMJ Books/Blackwell Publishing. In Press

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INVITED AND REVIEW ARTICLES WALDO, A. L., Ross, S. M., Kaiser, G. A.: The epicardial electrogram in the diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias in the postoperative patients. Geriatrics 26:108-112, 1971. WALDO, A. L., James, T. N.: Editorial: A retrospective look at A-V nodal rhythms. Circulation 47:222-224, 1973. WALDO, A. L.: Practical aspects in the utilization of commonly used antiarrhythmic agents. Journal of the Medical Association of the State of Alabama 43:739-742, 1974. WALDO, A. L., MacLean, W. A. H., James, T. N.: Utilization of the cardiac catheterization laboratory for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances. Alabama Journal of Medical Sciences 11:120-128, 1974. WALDO, A. L., James, T. N.: The cardiac conduction system. Electrophysiological studies during open-heart surgery. Archives of Internal Medicine 135:411-417, 1975. WALDO, A. L.: Editorial: Limitations of Electrocardiograms. Chest 68:482, 1975. WALDO, A. L., Cooper, T. B., MacLean, W. A. H.: Editorial: Need for additional criteria for the diagnosis of sinus node reentrant tachycardias. Journal of Electrocardiology 10:103-104, 1977. Cooper, T. B., MacLean, W. A. H., WALDO, A. L.: Overdrive pacing for supraventricular tachycardia. A review of theoretical implications and therapeutic techniques. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 1:196-221, 1978. MacLean, W. A. H., Cooper, T. B., WALDO, A. L.: Use of cardiac electrodes in the diagnosis and treatment of tachyarrhythmias. Cardiovascular Medicine 3:965-980, 1978. WALDO, A. L., Wells, J. L., Jr., Plumb, V. J., Cooper, T. B., MacLean, W. A. H.: Studies of atrial flutter following open heart surgery. Annual Review of Medicine 30:259-268, 1979. WALDO, A. L.: Chronic ventricular arrhythmias: An approach to treatment. Primary Cardiology 5:82-85, 1979. WALDO, A.L.: A system for interpreting ECG. Medical Student, FebruaryMarch, 1979. WALDO, A. L., Arciniegas, J.G., Klein, H.: Surgical treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias: The role of intraoperative mapping and consideration of the presently available surgical techniques. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 23:247-264, 1981. WALDO, A. L., Wells, J. L., Jr., Cooper, T. B., MacLean, W. A. H.: Temporary cardiac pacing. Applications and techniques in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 23:451-473, 1981. WALDO, A. L., Arciniegas, J.G., Plumb, V. J.: Treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.

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Alabama Journal of Medical Sciences 18:262-268, 1981. WALDO, A. L.: Seminar on surgical therapy for ventricular arrhythmia. perspective. American Journal of Cardiology 49:163-165, 1982. Introduction and

WALDO, A. L.: Plumb, V. J., Arciniegas, J. G.: Verapamil therapy in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias following open heart surgery. Angiology 34:755-763, 1983. WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W., Plumb, V. J.: Temporary epicardial wire electrodes in the diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias following open heart surgery. American Journal of Surgery 148:275-283, 1984. WALDO, A. L.: Some observations concerning atrial flutter in man. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 6:1181-1189, 1983. WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W., Plumb, V. J.: Relevance of electrograms and transient entrainment for antitachycardia devices. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 7:588-600, 1984. WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J.: Significance of transient entrainment in pacing treatment of tachyarrhythmias. Archives des Maladies du Coeur et Vaisseaux, 78:23-28, 1985. Akhtar, M., Fisher, J. D., Gillette, P. C., Josephson, M. E., Prystowsky, E. N., Ruskin, J. N., Saksena, S., Scheinman, M. M., WALDO, A. L., Zipes, D. P.: NASPE Ad Hoc Committee on guidelines for cardiac electrophysiological studies. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 8:611-618, 1985. WALDO, A. L., Akhtar, M., Brugada, P., Henthorn, R. W., Scheinman, M. M., Ward, D. E., Wellens, H. J. J.: The minimally appropriate electrophysiologic study for the initial assessment of patients with documented sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Journal of American College of Cardiology 6:1174-1177, 1985; Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 8:918-922, 1985. WALDO, A. L.: Panel and open discussion: methods of programmed electrical stimulation. Circulation 73:II-45-II-49, 1986. WALDO, A. L.: Mechanisms of atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and ectopic atrial tachycardia - a brief review. Circulation 75:III 37-40, 1987. Olshansky, B., WALDO, A. L.: Atrial fibrillation: Update on mechanism, diagnosis and management. Modern Concepts of Cardiovascular Disease, 56:23-27, 1987. Saksena, S., Camm, A. J., Bilitch, M., Fisher, J. D., Furman, S., Griffin, J. C., Josephson, M. E., Klein, H., Levy, S., Mirowski, M., Ruskin, J. N., Scheinman, M. M., WALDO, A. L., Ward, D. E., Wellens, H. J. J., Zipes, D. P.: North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology Policy Statement: The clinical investigation of implantable antitachycardia devices. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 10:225-229, 1987; Pacing and

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Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 10:788-793, 1987.

WALDO, A. L., Olshansky, B., Henthorn, R. W.: Editorial: Use of implanted antitachycardia pacemakers to treat paroxysmal atrial flutter. Annals of Internal Medicine, 107:247-248, 1987. WALDO, A. L., Akhtar, M., Benditt, D. G., Brugada, P., Camm, A. J., Gallagher, J. J., Gillette, P. C., Klein, G. J., Levy, S., Scheinman, M. M., Wellens, H. J. J., Zipes, D. P.: Appropriate electrophysiologic study and treatment of patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome. Report of the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology Policy Conference held in New Orleans, Louisiana, May 14, 1986. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 11:1124-1129, 1988; Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 11:536-543, 1988. WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W.: Use of transient entrainment during ventricular tachycardia to localize a critical area in the reentry circuit for ablation. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 12:231-244, 1989. WALDO, A. L., Carlson, M. D., Henthorn, R. W.: The dilemma of treatment of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary artery disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, (editorial), 14:162-163, 1989. Furman, S. and Entire NASPExAM Committee: Electrophysiology 12:1195, 1989. NASPExAM. Pacing and Cardiovascular

WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W., Carlson, M. D.: A perspective on ventricular arrhythmias: Patient assessment for therapy and outcome. American Journal of Cardiology, 65:30B-35B, 1990. Akhtar, M., Breithardt, G., Camm, A. J., Coumel, P., Janse, M. J., Lazzara, R., Myerburg, R. J., Schwartz, P. J., WALDO, A. L., Wellens, H. J. J., Zipes, D. P.: CAST and beyond: Implications of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. Circulation, 81:1123-1127, 1990. European Heart Journal, 11:194-199, 1990. WALDO, A. L.: Atrial flutter: New directions in management and mechanism. Circulation, (editorial) 81:1142-1143, 1990. Henthorn, R. W., Rudy, Y., WALDO, A. L.: Evolving concepts regarding the role of tissue structure in arrhythmogenesis in the infarcted human heart. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, (editorial), 15:1609-1609, 1990. WALDO, A. L., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D.: Clinical importance of entrainment. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 1:543-557, 1990. Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M., Johnson, N. J., Green, J. A., WALDO, A. L.: Sequential management of ventricular tachycardia. The Newspaper of Cardiology, 10:16-21, 1991 WALDO, A. L., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D.: New directions in intraoperative mapping and

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surgical treatment of ventricular tachycardia. Circulation, 83:1824-1826, 1991.

Lehmann, M. H., Saksena, S.: Implantable cardioverter defibrillators in cardiovascular practice: Report of the Policy Conference of the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 14:969-979, 1991. The Task Force of the Working Group on Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology: The "Sicilian Gambit." A new approach to the classification of antiarrhythmic drugs based on their actions on arrhythmogenic mechanisms. Circulation 84:1831-1851, 1991. European Heart Journal 12:1112-1131, 1991. WALDO, A. L.: Comments on the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST). Arrhythmia News & Views, 1:10-11, 1991 (in Japanese). WALDO, A. L., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D.: General evaluation of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death survivors. Circulation, 85 (Suppl I):I-103-106, 1992. WALDO, A. L., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D.: Ventricular arrhythmias in perspective: A current view. American Heart Journal, 123:1140-1147, 1992. Scheinman, M. M., Ahktar, M., Dreifus, L., Evans, G. T., Jr., Gillette, P., Huang, S. K. S., Jackman, W., Langberg, J. J., Maloney, J., Morady, F., Ruskin, J., Saksena, S., WALDO, A. L., Zipes, D.: NASPE Policy Statement: Catheter ablation for cardiac arrhythmias, personnel, and facilities. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 15:715-721, 1992. Graboys, T. B., Buxton, A. E., Reiffel, J. A., WALDO, A. L.: Challenges in arrhythmia management: The changing role of class IA antiarrhythmics. Hospital Formulary, 27 (Suppl 1):10-25, 1992. WALDO, A. L.: Basic mechanisms of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Cardiology in Review, 1:16-23, 1993. WALDO, A. L., Wit, A. L.: Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias. The Lancet, 341:1189-1193, 1993. The NHLBI Working Group on Atrial Fibrillation (Antman, E., DiMarco, J., Domanski, M. J., Knatterud, G. L., Scheinman, M. M., Singer, D., WALDO, A. L., Wolf, P. A., Wyse, D. G.): Atrial fibrillation: Current understandings and research imperatives. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 22:1830-1834, 1993. Reiffel, J. A., Estes III, N. A. M., WALDO, A. L., Prystowsky, E. N., DiBianco, R.: A consensus report on antiarrhythmic drug use. Clinical Cardiology, 17:103-116, 1994. WALDO, A. L.: An approach to therapy of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: An algorithm versus individualized therapy. Clinical Cardiology 17:(Suppl II), II-21 - II-26, 1994. WALDO, A. L.: Mechanisms of atrial flutter: Implications for ablative therapy. Journal of

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Interventional Cardiology, 8:701-707, 1995. Cain, M. E., Anderson, J. L., Arnsdorf, M. F., Mayson, J. W., Scheinman, M. M., WALDO, A. L.: ACC Expert Consensus Document: Signal-averaged Electrocardiography. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 27:238-249, 1996. Geller, J. C., WALDO, A. L.: Atrial fibrillation. Herschrittmachertherapie und Elektrophysiologie 7:93-113, 1996. Van Hare, G., WALDO, A. L.: The atrial flutter reentrant circuit: Additional pieces of the puzzle. (Editorial) Circulation, 94:244-246, 1996. WALDO, A. L.: Atrial flutter: Entrainment characteristics. Electrophysiology, 8:337-352, 1997. Journal of Cardiovascular

WALDO, A. L.: Atrial flutter: Implications for ablative therapy. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 8:701-707, 1997. Mackall, J. A., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L.: Sequential management of ventricular tachycardia. Cardiology Special Edition 3:7-9, 1997. Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D., Mackall, J. A., WALDO, A. L.: The management of narrow QRS complex tachycardia. Cardiology Special Edition 3: 14-15, 1997. WALDO, A. L., Weisfeldt, M. L.: Introduction: Primary prevention against sudden cardiac death. American Journal of Cardiology, 80(5B):1F-2F, 1997. WALDO, A. L., Mackall, J. A., Biblo, L. A.: Mechanisms and medical management of patients with atrial flutter. Cardiology Clinics, 15:661-676, 1997. WALDO, A. L.: Atrial automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy. News and Views Arrhythmia, (Life Science Publishing) 1997;13:1-9 (in Japanese). WALDO, A. L.: Experimental models of atrial fibrillation - What have we learned? In: Seminars in Interventional Cardiology – Basic Mechanisms and Interventional Therapies for Atrial Fibrillation. Ruskin, J., Keane D. (eds.) 1997; 2:195-201. Pratt, C. M., WALDO, A. L. Guest Editors: Introduction: Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in the Era of Managed Care. American Journal of Cardiology, 1998;81(5A):1C-2C. WALDO, A. L., Prystowsky, E. N.: Drug treatment of atrial fibrillation in the managed care era. American Journal of Cardiology, 1998;81(5A)23C-29C. WALDO, A. L.: Wither atrial fibrillation? (editorial) In: Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology 1998;3:93-94. Pratt, C. M., WALDO, A. L., Camm A. J.: Can antiarrhythmic drugs survive survival trials? American Journal of Cardiology 1998;81(6A):24D-34D.

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WALDO, A. L.: Measures of drug efficacy in treating atrial fibrillation. American Journal of Cardiology 1998:82 (Suppl I): 7I-8I. WALDO, A. L.: Pathogenesis of atrial flutter. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 1998;9:S18-S25. Members of the Sicilian Gambit: The search for novel antiarrhythmic strategies. European Heart Journal, 1998;19:1178-1196; Japanese Circulation Journal, 1998;62:633-648. WALDO, A. L.: Low energy atrial defibrillation. A promising new technique. (editorial) Circulation 1998;98:833-834. Mackall, J. A., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L.: Sequential management of ventricular tachycardia. Cardiology Special Edition: Pacing and Electrophysiology, 1999; 2527. Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D., Mackall, J. A., WALDO, A. L.: The management of narrow QRS complex tachycardia. Cardiology Special Edition: Pacing and Electrophysiology, 1999;48-49. WALDO, A. L., for the AFFIRM Investigators: Management of atrial fibrillation: The need for AFFIRMative action. American Journal of Cardiology, 1999;84:698-700. Pratt, C. M., Camm, A. J., Bigger, J. T., Jr., Breithardt, G., Campbell, R. W. F., Epstein, A. E., Kappenberger, L. J., Kuck, K.-H., Pocock, S., Saksena, S., WALDO, A. L.: Evaluation of antiarrhythmic drug efficacy in patients with an ICD: Unlimited potential or replete with complexity and problems? Simultaneous publication in Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 1999;10:1534-49 and European Heart Journal, 1999;20:1538-1552. WALDO, A. L.: Treatment of atrial flutter. Heart, 2000;84:227-232. Allessie, M. A., Boyden, P. A., Camm, A. J., Kleber, A. G., Lab, M. J., Legato, M. J., Rosen, M. R., Schwartz, P. J., Spooner, P. M., Van Wagoner, D. R., WALDO, A. L.: Pathophysiology and prevention of atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 2001;103:769-777. Domanski, M. J., Zipes, D. P., Benditt, D. G., Camm, A. J., Exner, D. V., Ezekowitz, M. D., Greene, H. L., Lesh, M. D., Miller, J. M., Pratt, C. M., Saksena, S., Scheinman, M. M., Singh, B. N., Tracy C. M., WALDO, A. L.: Central Clinical Research Issues in Electrophysiology: Report of the NASPE Committee. (NASPE Policy Statement. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2001; 24:526-534. Saoudi, N., Cosio, F., WALDO, A., Chen, S. A., Iesaka, Y., Lesh, M., Saksena, S., Salerno, J.: Classification of atrial flutter and regular atrial tachycardia according to electrophysiologic mechanism and anatomical bases. A statement from a Joint Expert Group from the Working Group of Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. European Heart Journal 2001;22:1162-1182; and Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2001; 12:852-866.

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WALDO, A. L.: Atrial fibrillation update: Overview and highlights of new information. Cardiac Electrophysiology Review, 2001;5:158-161. Members of the Sicilian Gambit: New approaches to antiarrhythmic therapy: Emerging therapeutic applications of the cell biology of cardiac arrhythmias. Cardiovascular Research, 2001;52:345360; Circulation, [Part I], 2001;104:2865-2873; [Part II], 2001;104:2990-2994; European Heart Journal, 2001;22:2148-2163. WALDO, A. L.: Long term pharmacologic management of atrial fibrillation in the elderly. Journal of Geriatrics, 2002;11:233-244,256. Link, M. S., Antzelevitch, C., WALDO, A. L., Grant, A. O., DiMarco, J, P., Josephson, M. E., Marchlinski, F. E., Garan, H., Sager, P. T., Reynolds, D., Denes, P., Scheinman, M. M.: Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology Fellowship Teaching Objectives for the New Millennium. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2001;12:1433-1443. WALDO, A. L.: Mechanisms of atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation – distinct entities or two sides of a coin? Cardiovascular Research 2002;54:217-229. Pratt, C. M., WALDO, A. L.: All that glitters is not gold. (editorial) European Heart Journal, 2003;24:219-220. WALDO, A. L.: A new world in oral anticoagulation therapy for atrial fibrillation: Commentary on the SPORTIF III clinical trial. Medscape Today. April 29, 2003. www.medscape.com/viewarticle/452818. Ezekowitz, M. D., McCullough, P. A., Reiffel, J. A., WALDO, A. L., Salago, P. L. (moderator): Atrial fibrillation. Preventing thromboembolism and ischemic stroke. Medical Crossfire, 2003; 4(10):1-17. Levy, S., Camm, A. J., Saksena, S., Aliot, E., Breithardt, G., Crijns, H., Davies, W., Kay, N., Prystowsky, E., Sutton, R., WALDO, A., Wyse, D. G.: International consensus on nomenclature and classification of atrial fibrillation. A collaborative project of the Working Group on Arrhythmias and the Working Group on Cardiac Pacing of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Europace 2003; 5:119-122, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 2003;14:443-445. Scheinman, M. M., Calkins, H., Gillette, P., Klein, R. C., Lerman, B., Morady, F., Saksena, S., WALDO, A.: NASPE policy statement on catheter ablation: Personnel, policy, procedures and therapeutic recommendations. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology; 2003:26:789799. WALDO, A. L.: Inter-relationships between atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 2003;26:1583-1596. WALDO, A. L.: Editorial: Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American

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Medical Association, 2003;290:1093-1095. WALDO, A. L.: Should we control rate or rhythm in atrial fibrillation? (Point of View) Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 2003;14:1122-1123. WALDO, A. L.: Mechanisms of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 2003;14:S267-S274. Pepine, C. J., WALDO, A. L.: Atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism: Implications for stroke prevention. Vascular Biology in Clinical Practice, 2003;5:2-9. Kaufman, E. S., WALDO, A. L.: Editorial: The Impact of asymptomatic atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2004;43:53-54. WALDO, A. L.: An alternative to oral anticoagulation with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation at risk for stroke – commentary on the SPORTIF V trial. MedScape Jan 13, 2004. View article 466276. WALDO, A. L.: A perspective on rate control in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Clinical Cardiology, 2004;27:121-124. WALDO, A. L.: Lessons learned from the AFFIRM trial – Treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation. ACC Current Journal Review, 2004;13 (issue 3):68-72. WALDO, A. L.: From Bedside to Bench: Entrainment and Other Stories. Heart Rhythm, 2004;1:94-106. Ortega-Gil, J., WALDO, A. L.: Profiles in Cardiology: Mario R. Garcia-Palmieri. Clinical Cardiology 2004;27:431-432. WALDO, A. L.: New possibilities in anticoagulant management of atrial fibrillation. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine; 2004; 5(suppl 5):S30-S38. Knight BP, Gersh BJ, Carlson MD, Friedman PA, McNamara RL, Strickberger SA, Tse HF, WALDO AL; American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias) and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group, Heart Rhythm Society: AHA Writing Group: Role of permanent pacing to prevent atrial fibrillation: Science advisory from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Electrocardiograph and Arrhythmias) and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Work Group, in collaboration with the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation, 2005;111:240-3. WALDO, A. L.: The Interrelationship Between Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter. Progress in Cardiovascular Disease, 2005;48:41-56. WALDO, A. L.: AFFIRM in perspective: Lessons learned about treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation at risk for stroke. ISHNE Virtual AF Symposium, October, 2005.

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WALDO A. L. (ed) 3 part Symposium on Atrial Fibrillation. Progress in Cardiovascular Disease, 2005;48:1-225. WALDO, A. L., Sahadevan, J.: A current perspective on catheter ablation to cure atrial fibrillation. Turkish J Intervent Electrophysiol 2005;3:111-118. WALDO, A. L.: A perspective on antiarrhythmic drug therapy to treat atrial fibrillation: There remains an unmet need. American Heart Journal 2006;151:771-778. Domanski, M., WALDO, A. L.: Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A treatment frontier. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology 2006; 15:141-143. Kalman, J. M., Kistler, P. M., WALDO, A. L.: Localization of focal atrial tachycardias – Back to the future . . . When (old) electrophysiologic first principles complement sophisticated technology. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. (Editorial) Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2007;18:7-8. WALDO, A. L.: Editorial: Atrial fibrillation – Atrial flutter Interactions: Clinical implications for ablation. Circulation. 2007;116:2774-5. Estes, N. A. M., 3rd, Halperin, J. L., Calkins, H., Ezekowitz, M. D., Gitman, P., Go, A. S., McNamara, R. L., Messer, J. V. Ritchie, J., Romeo, S. J. W., WALDO, A. L., Wyse, D. G.: ACC/AHA/Physician Consortium 2008 clinical performance measures for adults with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures and the Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement (Writing Committee to Develop Performance Measures for Atrial Fibrillation). Circulation 2008;117:1101-1120. WALDO, A. L., Feld, G. K.: Interrelationships of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Mechanisms and clinical implications. Journal of American College of Cardiology, 2008;51:779-86.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Mejia, R., WALDO, A. L., Kavaler, F.: Systolic bulging of ischemic myocardium. Federation Proceedings 20:1, March, 1961 (Part 1). Vitikainen, K. J., WALDO, A. L., Harris, P. D., Hoffman, B. F.: Significance of P wave inversion. American Journal of Cardiology 19:154, 1967. WALDO, A. L., Vitikainen, K. J., Harris, P. D., Malm, J. R., Hoffman, B.F.: A new look at the P wave. Circulation 36:II-260, 1967. WALDO, A. L., Kaiser, G. A., Castany, R. J., Hoffman, B. F.: A study of arrhythmias associated with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 38:VI-200, 1968. Kaiser, G. A., WALDO, A. L., Harris, P. D., Bowman, F. O., Jr., Hoffman, B. F., Malm, J. R.: A new method to delineate myocardial damage at surgery. Circulation 38:VI-110, 1968. Bush, H. L., WALDO, A. L., Zorn, G. L., Jr., van Dyke, H. B.: The relationship of specialized atrial pathways to the morphology and polarity of the ectopic P wave. Federation Proceedings 29:518, 1970. Kaiser, G. A., WALDO, A. L., Bowman, F. O., Jr., Hoffman, B. F., Malm, J.R.: The use of ventricular electrograms in the surgery for coronary artery disease and its complications. Proceedings of the Society for Thoracic Surgery, January, 1970. WALDO, A. L., Vitikainen, K. J., Gelband, H., Kaiser, G. A.: The etiology of prolongation of the P-R interval in ostium primum defects. Circulation 42:III-774, 1970. Gelband, H., WALDO, A. L., Bush, H. L., Myerburg, R. J. Kaiser, G. A., Hoffman, B. F.: Effects of catecholamines on the electrophysiological properties of right atrial tissue from children: Clinical implications. Proceedings from American Academy of Pediatricians, Section on Pediatric Cardiology, October, 1970. Gelband, H., WALDO, A. L., Kaiser, G. A., Bowman, F. O., Jr., Malm, J. R., Hoffman, B. F.: The etiology of postoperative right bundle branch block in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation. Suppl III:156, 1970. WALDO, A. L., Vitikainen, K. J., Kaiser, G. A., Bowman, F. O., Jr., Malm, J. R., Hoffman, B. F.: Atrial quiescence-recognition and treatment. Circulation 44:II-110, 1971. WALDO, A. L., Mukherjee, N. D., Butler, V. P., Jr., Wotman, S., Malm, J. R.: Relationship of digitalis to arrhythmias following open heart surgery. Clinical Research 20:403, 1972. Kupersmith, J., WALDO, A. L., Krongrad, E., Kaiser, G. A., Malm, J. R., Hoffman, B. F.: Conduction times and velocities in the His-Purkinje system of man - studies during open heart surgery. Federation Proceedings 31:313, 1972.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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WALDO, A. L., Krongrad, E., Bowman, F. O., Jr., Kaiser, G. A., Husson, G. S., Malm, J. R.: Electrophysiological considerations during total repair of transposition of the great vessels. Circulation 46:Suppl II-34, 1972. Vitikainen, K. J., WALDO, A. L., Hoffman, B. F.: Observations on the "retrograde" P wave. Circulation 46:Suppl II-27, 1972. Coyne, J. J., WALDO, A. L., Malm, J. R.: Electrophysiological study of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis at open-heart surgery. Circulation 46:Suppl II-141, 1972. Krongrad, E., WALDO, A. L., Bowman, F. O., Jr., Hoffman, B. F., Malm, J. R.: Electrophysiological delineation of the specialized atrioventicular A-V conduction system during open heart surgery for congenital heart disease. Proceedings of American Academy of Pediatrics. Section on Pediatric Cardiology. October, 1972. Krongrad, E., WALDO, A. L., Kupersmith, J., Saroff, A. L., Bowman, F. O., Jr., Hoffman, B. F.: Observations on human left ventricular endocardial aivation sequence. American Journal of Cardiology 31:143, 1973. Kupersmith, J., Krongrad, E., Saroff, A. L., WALDO, A. L.: Studies in pacing of the human specialized conduction system during open heart surgery American Journal of Cardiology 31:143, 1973. Krongrad, E., Steeg, C. N., WALDO, A. L., Gersony, W. M.: The response of the atrioventricular specialized conduction system (AVSCS) to rapid atri stimulation (RAS) in children. Journal of Pediatric Research 7:71, 1973. MacLean, W. A. H., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., James, T. N., WALDO, A. L.: P waves during ectopic atrial rhythms in man. Circulation 48:123, 1973. WALDO, A. L., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., MacLean, W. A. H., Massing, G. K., James, T. N.: Electrophysiological delineation of the left bundle branch in man. American Journal of Cardiology 33:176, 1974. WALDO, A. L., Pacifico, A. D., Bargeron, L. M., Jr., James, T. N., Kirklin, J.W.: Electrophysiological delineation of the A-V conduction system in patients with corrected transposition of the great vessels with ventricular septal defect. Circulation 50:III-39, 1974. MacLean, W. A. H., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., James, T. N., WALDO, A. L.: Successful conversion of atrial flutter with rapid atrial pacing following open-heart surgery. Circulation 50:III-39, 1974. WALDO, A. L., Karp, R. B.: Analysis of the His bundle catheter pacing techniques to localize catheter electrode recording sites. Clinical Research 23:4lA, 1975. WALDO, A. L., MacLean, W. A. H., Karp, R. B.: Sequence of retrograde atrial activation of the human heart - correlation with P wave polarity. Federation Proceedings 34:391, 1975.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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WALDO, A. L., MacLean, W. A. H., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., James, T. N.: Sustained rapid atrial pacing to control supraventricular tachycardias following open heart surgery. Circulation 52:II-13, 1975. Wells, J. L., Jr., MacLean, W. A. H., James, T. N., WALDO, A. L.: Studies on atrial fibrillation. Clinical Research 26:245A, 1976. Beckett, S. D., Branch, C. E., Miller, M. S. Robertson, B. T., WALDO, A. L., James, T. N.: Assessment of sinus node overdrive suppression in awake adult dogs and pups. Federation Proceedings 35:221, 1976. Wells, J. L., Jr., MacLean, W. A. H., James, T. N., WALDO, A. L.: Studies on atrial flutter in man. Circulation 54:II-78, 1976. WALDO, A. L., MacLean, W. A. H., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., James, T. N.: Transient entrainment of atrial flutter during atrial pacing. Circulation 54:II-230, 1976. MacLean, W. A. H., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., James, T. N., WALDO, A. L.: Uniformly successful interruption of atrial flutter with rapid atrial pacing in 100 patients. Circulation 54:III-167, 1976. Hirschowitz, B. I., WALDO, A. L.: An Hl histamine action which causes cardiac deceleration in the intact dog. Clinical Research 25:46A, 1976. Cooper, T. B. Hageman, G., James, T. N., WALDO, A. L.: A catheter electrode technique recording and pacing from Bachmann's bundle. Clinical Research 25:45A, 1976. MacLean, W. A. H., Cooper, T. B., James, T. N., WALDO, A. L.: Entrainment and interruption of ventricular tachycardia with rapid ventricular pacing. Circulation 56:III-105, 1977. WALDO, A. L., McLean, W. A. H., Cooper, T. B., James, T. N., Kouchoukos, N. T., Karp, R. B.: Routine use of temporary epicardial atrial wire electrodes for diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias following open heart surgery. Circulation 56:III-178, 1977. Cooper, T. B., Hageman, G. R., James, T. N., WALDO, A. L.: A transvenous catheter electrode technique for neural modulation of sinus rate and AV conduction. American Journal of Cardiology 41:375, 1978. Plumb, V. J., Karp, R. B., Cooper, T. B., MacLean, W. A. H., James, T. N., WALDO, A. L.: Atrial conduction and excitability during rapid atrial pacing in man. Clinical Research 26:746A, 1978. Wallach R., Cooper, T. B., Coghlan, H. C., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L., MacLean, W. A. H.: Effective new application for clonidine: Management of supraventricular tachycardias. Clinical Research 26:787A, 1978.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Plumb, V. J., Cooper, T. B., Karp, R. B., Zorn, G. L., Jr., MacLean, W. A. H., James, T. N., WALDO, A. L.: Characterization of entrainment and interruption of atrial flutter by rapid atrial pacing. Clinical Research 26:786A, 1978. Griffith, M., Cooper, T. B., Plumb, V. J., MacLean, W. A. H., WALDO, A. L.: Mechanism of initiation of classical atrial flutter from sinus rhythm in man. Clinical Research 26:746A (abstract), 1978. Cooper, T. B., Griffith, M., Plumb, V. J., MacLean, W. A. H., WALDO, A. L.: The onset of classical atrial flutter - studies in man following open heart surgery. American Journal of Cardiology 43:399, 1979. Wallach, R., Cooper, T. B., Coghlan, H. C., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L., MacLean, W. A. H.: Clonidine therapy for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. American Journal of Cardiology 43:430, 1979. Klein, H., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N.T., James, T. N., WALDO, A. L.: Ventricular mapping of abnormal myocardium in patients with and without arrhythmias. Circulation 60:II-24, 1979. Plumb, V. J., MacLean, W. A. H., Cooper, T. B., James, T. N., WALDO, A. L.: Atrial events during entrainment and interruption of atrial flutter by rapid atrial pacing. Circulation 60:II-64, 1979. Priest, M. F., Cooper, T. B., MacLean, W. A. H., James, T. N., WALDO, A. L.: Nature of onset of atrial fibrillation in man. Circulation 60:II254, 1979. Plumb, V. J., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., Zorn, G. L., Jr., James, T. N., WALDO, A. L.: Clinical trial of verapamil in patients with atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter following open heart surgery. Clinical Research 27:73lA, 1979. MacLean, W. A. H., Cooper, T. B., James, T. N., WALDO, A. L.: Entrainment and interruption of ventricular tachycardia by rapid atrial pacing in man. Clinical Research 27:77lA, 1979. Klein, H., WALDO, A. L., Lichtlen, P. R.: Surgical management of ventricular arrhythmis. Herz/Kreislauf 12:250, 1980. Plumb, V. J., James, T. N., WALDO, A. L.: Evidence that atrial flutter is due to a circus movement with an excitable gap. Circulation 62:III-46, 1980. Arciniegas, J. G., Klein, H., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., James, T. N., Kirklin, J.W., WALDO, A. L.: Surgical treatment of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Circulation 62:III-42, 1980. Plumb, V. J., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., Zorn, G. L., Jr., James, T. N., WALDO, A.L.: Verapamil treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter after open heart surgery. Circulation 62:III-84, 1980.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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WALDO, A. L., Plumb, V. J., Arciniegas, J. G., James, T. N.: Overdrive pacing of A-V bypass pathway type PAT - a model for demonstrating and understanding reentrant rhythms. Circulation 62:III-47, 1980. Klein, H., Arciniegas, J.G., Frank, G., Karp, R. B., Kouchoukos, N. T., James, T. N., WALDO, A. L.: Identification of the electrophysiologic milieu associated in patients with abnormally contracting myocardium. Proceedings, European Congress of Cardiology, June, 1980, p 73. Arciniegas, J. G., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Characterization of the onset of ectopic atrial tachycardia with A-V block. American Journal of Cardiology 47:496, 1981. Henthorn, R. W., Plumb, V. J., Arciniegas, J. G., WALDO, A. L.: Entrainment of "ectopic atrial tachycardia": Evidence of re-entry. Clinical Research 29:9llA, 1981. Zimmern, S. H., Karp, R. B., Smith, L. R., WALDO, A. L., Arciniegas, J.G., Plumb, V. J.: The effects of lidocaine on electrical impulse conduction time in the human heart. Clinical Research 29:858A, 1981. Maddox, W. T., Plumb, V. J., Arciniegas, J. G., Henthorn, R. W., Zimmern, S. H., WALDO, A. L.: Comparison of electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic effects of intravenous versus oral quinidine. Clinical Research 29:8l2A, 1981. Maddox, W. T., Plumb, V. J., Arciniegas, J. G., Henthorn, R. W., Zimmern, S. H., WALDO, A. L.: Electrophysiologic properties of intravenous quindine in man. Clinical Research 29:8l2A, 1981. Arciniegas, J. G., Plumb, V. J., Karp, R. B., Zorn, G. L., Jr., Zimmern, S. H., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Endocardial mapping during sinus rhythm in patients with recurrent sustained life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Clinical Research 29:853A, 1981. Henthorn, R. W., Plumb, V. J., Arciniegas, J. G., WALDO, A. L.: Entrainment of "ectopic atrial tachycardia": Evidence for re-entry. American Journal Cardiology 49:920, 1982. Arciniegas, J. G., Plumb, V. J., Karp, R. B., Zorn, G. L., Jr., Zimmern, S. H., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Endocardial mapping during sinus rhythm in patients with recurrent sustained life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. American Journal of Cardiology 49:935, 1982. Pagé, P., Plumb, V. F., WALDO, A. L.: A dog model of atrial flutter not requiring the creation of an anatomical obstacle. Circulation 66:II-378, 1982. Henthorn, R. W., Plumb, V. J., Arciniegas, J. G., Kirklin, J. K., Zorn, G. L., Jr., Karp, R. B., WALDO, A. L.: Inducibility of ventricular tachycardia in patients with premature ventricular beats, but without clinical ventricular tachycardia following coronary artery bypass surgery. Clinical Research 30:829A, 1982. Henthorn, R. W., Plumb, V. J., Arciniegas, J. G., Zimmern, S. H., WALDO, A. L.: Significance of the mode and site of ventricular tachycardia inducibility to assure adequate electrophysiologic

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study. Clinical Research 30:829A, 1982. Kay, G. N., Plumb, V. J., Arciniegas, J. G., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Analysis of a large experience with Torsades de Pointes. Clinical Research 30:829A, 1982. Freeman, A. M. III, Fleece, L., Hall, K., Cohen-Cole, S., Alarcon, R., Karp, R., Pacifico, A., Zorn, G., Kirklin, J., WALDO, A., Linton, P.: Depression and anxiety in coronary bypass patients. VII World Congress of Psychiatry, Vienna llth-l6th July, 1983, F233. Pagé, P., Arciniegas, J. G., Karp, R. B., Plumb, V. J., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Epicardial programmed ventricular stimulation after open heart surgery in patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1:688, 1983. Pagé, P., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Total epicardial mapping of atrial flutter in a new animal model. Journal of American College of Cardiology 1:716, 1983. Henthorn, R. W., Plumb, V. J., Arciniegas, J. G., Zimmern, S. H., WALDO, A. L.: Significance of the mode and site of ventricular tachycardia inducibility to assure adequate electrophysiologic study. Journal of American College of Cardiology 1:594, 1983. Arcineigas, J. A., Plumb, V. J., Henthorn, R. W., and WALDO, A. L.: Transesophageal atrial pacing for diagnosis and therapy of atrial tachycardia using a pill electrode. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 6:312, 1983. Cohen, M. D., Henthorn, R. W., Smith, L. R., WALDO, A. L.: Ambulatory electrocardiogram analysis - accuracy of a computerized real time commercial system. Clinical Research 31:82OA, 1983. Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Response of induced refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmia to phenytoin. Clinical Research 31:82lA, 1983. Gonzalez, J. L., Mesa, A., Plumb, V. J., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A. E., WALDO, A. L.: Characteristics of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia induced during programmed ventricular stimulation. Clinical Research 31:822A, 1983. Henthorn, R. W., Plumb, V. J., Mesa, A., WALDO, A. L.: The clinical outcome of VT/VF patients with a negative electrophysiologic study: What does initial non-inducibility mean? Clinical Research 31:823A, 1983. Gonzalez, J. L., Mesa A., Plumb, V. J., Henthorn, R. W, Epstein, A. E., WALDO, A. L.: Characteristics of induced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 3:585, 1984. Henthorn, R. W., Cohen, M. D., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Programmed ventricular stimulation after coronary artery surgery in patients without antecedent history of ventricular tachycardia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 3:610, 1984. Cohen, M. D., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L., Plumb, V. J.: Aprindine: Programmed electrical stimulation and refractory ventricular tachycardia. Pacing and Cardiovascular

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Electrophysiology, 7:467, 1984. Plumb, V. J., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Characteristics of the transient entrainment of ventricular tachycardia by ventricular pacing. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology E, 7:463, 1984. Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Results of electrophysiologic studies in patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia treated with phenytoin. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 7:468, 1984. Okumura, K., WALDO, A. L., Plumb, V. J.: Leading circle type of reentry as a mechanism of rapid atrial flutter in a canine model. Circulation, 70:II-223, 1984. Henthorn, R. W., Mesa, A., Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Prognosis of VT/VF patients with a negative electrophysiologic study: What does initial non-inducibility mean? Circulation, 70:II-400, 1984. Mesa, A., Maddox, William T., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A. E., WALDO, A. L., Plumb, V. J.: New insights on the use of intravenous and oral quinidine in the suppression of inducible ventricular tachycardia. Circulation, 70:II-446, 1984. Brugada, P., WALDO, A. L., Wellens, H. J. J.: Transient entrainment and interruption of AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 3:537, 1984. Henthorn, R. W., Mesa, A., Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Clinical outcome of patients with both spontaneous and induced ventricular tachycardia stratified by electrophysiologic testing and therapy. Clin Res 32:86lA, 1984. Okumura, K., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Effects of n-acetylprocainamide and quinidine on rapid atrial flutter and during rapid atrial pacing in conscious dogs. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 5:492, 1985. Okumura, K., Plumb, V. J., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Importance of pacing site for demonstration of transient entrainment. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 5:508, 1985. Plumb, V. J., McGiffin, D. C., Kirklin, J. K., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A.E., WALDO, A. L.: Cryosurgery for ventricular tachycardia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 5:409, 1985. Okumura, K., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Atrial activation during experimental rapid atrial flutter and its correlation with polarity of the flutter wave in the ECG. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 8:317(119), 1985. Henthorn, R. W., Mesa, A., Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Clinical outcome of patients with both spontaneous and induced monomorpic ventricular tachycardia stratified by electrophysiologic testing and therapy. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 8:310(90), 1985.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Mesa, A., Henthorn, R. W., Plumb V. J., Epstein, A. E., WALDO, A. L.: Incidence, type and significance of induced ventricular tachycardia in patients presenting with ventricular fibrillation. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 8:310(91), 1985. Plumb, V. J., McGiffin, D. C., Kirklin, J. W., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A. E., WALDO, A. L.: Comparison of endocardial and epicardial stimulation for the induction of ventricular tachycardia. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 8:311(94), 1985. Okumura, K., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A.L.: Entrainment of experimental atrial flutter and its use to localize the slow conduction area in the reentry loop. Circulation 72:III-382, 1985. Henthorn, R. W., Plumb, V. J., Olshansky, B., Okumura, K, Hess, P. G., Epstein, A. E., WALDO, A. L.: A new criterion for entrainment - more evidence for reentry. Circulation 72:III-30, 1985 Henthorn, R. W., Cohen, M. D., Anderson, P. G., Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., Olshansky, B., WALDO, A. L.: Pathological and clinical observations after catheter fulguration in man. Clinical Research 34:l70A, 1985. Olshansky, B., Okumura, K., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Atrial mapping of human atrial flutter demonstrated reentry in the right atrium. Clinical Research 34:208A, 1985. Olshansky, B., Okumura, K., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Combination of procainamide and atrial pacing for successful conversion of atrial flutter to sinus rhythm. Clinical Research 34:208A, 1985. Olshansky, B., Okumura, K., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Localization of the area of slow conduction to the inferior right atrium in human atrial flutter. Clinical Research 34:208A, 1985. Olshansky, B., Okumura, K., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Entrainment of human atrial flutter localizes the area of slow conduction in the inferior right atrium. Journal of American College of Cardiology, 7:128A, 1986. Olshansky, B., Okumura, K., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Atrial mapping of human atrial flutter demonstrates reentry in the right atrium. Journal of American College of Cardiology, 7:194A, 1986. Okumura, K., Scalabrini, A., WALDO, A. L.: Effects of d- and l-Sotalol on atrial electrophysiology and atrial flutter induced in conscious dogs with sterile pericarditis. Journal of American College of Cardiology, 7:250A, 1986. Okumura, K., Olshansky, B., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Demonstration of the presence of slow conduction during sustained ventricular tachycardia. Journal of American College of Cardiology, 7:156A, 1986.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Olshansky, B., Okumura, K., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Combination of procainamide and atrial pacing for successful conversion of atrial flutter to sinus rhythm. Journal of American College of Cardiology, 7:108A, 1986. Epstein, A. E., McGiffin, D. C., Kirklin, J. K., Hirschowitz, B. I., WALDO, A. L.: Modulation of sinus node function: Roles of histamine in cardiac transplant patients. Journal of American College of Cardiology, 7:38A, 1986. Epstein, A. E., Shepard, R. B., McGiffin, DC, Kirklin, J. K., Henthorn, R. W., Olshansky, B., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Failure of elective replacement indicator to predict end of life of the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 9:276, 1986. Olshansky B., Okumura, K., Moreira, D., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A. E., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L.: Entrainment of double potentials in human atrial flutter. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 9:306, 1986. Okumura, K., Olshansky, B., Henthorn, R., Epstein, A., Plumb, V., WALDO, A.: Slow conduction during VT. Clinical Progress Electrophysiology and Pacing, 4:58A, 1986. Henthorn, R. W., Cohen, M. D., Anderson P. G., Epstein A. E., Plumb, V. J., Olshansky, B., WALDO, A. L.: Pathological and clinical observations after catheter fulguration in man. Journal of The American College of Cardiology, 7:236A, 1986. Switzer, D. F., Henthorn, R. W., Olshansky, B., Moreira, D., WALDO, A. L.: Dire consequences of verapamil administration for wide QRS tachycardias. Circulation, 74:II-105, 1986. Anderson, P. G., Kirklin, J. K., McGiffin, D. C., Plumb, V. J., Henthorn, R. W., Epstein, A. E., WALDO, A. L.: Cryoablation converts heterogeneous infarcts into homogeneous lesions. Circulation, 74:II-467, 1986. Scalabrini, A., Okumura, K., Olshansky, B., WALDO, A. L.: Effects of class 1C drugs on induced atrial flutter in a dog model with sterile pericarditis. Circulation, 74:II-251, 1986. McGiffin, D. C., Kirklin, J. K., Plumb, V. J., WALDO, A. L., Blackstone, E. H., Kirklin, J. W.: Survival and relief of life threatening ventricular tachycardia after direct operations. Circulation, 74:II-460, 1986. Henthorn, R. W., Moreira, D. A. R., Olshansky, B., Epstein, A. E., WALDO, A. L.: Does induced "non-clinical" monomorphic ventricular tachycardia become manifest clinically? Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 9:109A, 1987. Henthorn, R. W., Pittman, C. S., Olshansky, B., WALDO, A. L.: Sodium iopanoate mimics amiodarone's thyroid effects without apparent antiarrhythmic effects. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 10:430, 1987.

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Moreira, D. A. R., Widman, L. E., Olshansky, B., WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W.: Comparison of different ECG criteria for morphologic identification of induced and spontaneous ventricular tachycardia. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 10:448, 1987. Henthorn, R. W., Scalabrini, A., Switzer, D. F., Baumgart, D., Olshansky, B., WALDO, A. L.: Fractionated and broad electrogram potentials are markers for slow activation during sustained canine atrial flutter. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 10:430, 1987. Henthorn, R. W., Switzer, D. F., Olshansky, B., WALDO, A. L.: A new criterion for differentiating posterior paraseptal from left free wall accessory pathways: Value of LBBB RVRs. Circulation, 76:IV-137, 1987. Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L., Anderson, J. L., Gilbert, E. M., Alpert, B. L., Bhandari, A. K., Hawkinson, R. W., Pritchett, E. L. C., and the Flecainide Supraventricular Tachycardia Study Group: Flecainide for prevention of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 11:77A, 1988. Anderson, J. L., Gilbert, E. M., Alpert, B. L., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L., Bhandari, A. K., Hawkinson, R. W., Pritchett, E. L. C., and the Flecainide Supraventricular Tachycardia Study Group: Flecainide for prevention of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 11:77A, 1988. Olshansky, B., Moreira, D., Henthorn, R. W., Switzer, D. F., WALDO, A. L.: Implications of double potentials during human ventricular tachycardia. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 11:521A, 1988. WALDO, A. L., Olshansky, B., Henthorn, R. W.: The use of entrainment to localize a critical area in the reentry circuit for VT ablation. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 11:911, 1988. WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W., Okumura, K., Olshansky, B.: The left atrium is a "slave" to the reentry circuit in the right atrium during atrial flutter. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 11:902, 1988. Kerber, R. E., Martins, J. B., Kienzle, M. G., Aschoff, A. M., Olshansky, B., WALDO, A. L., Walsh, S., Litchfield, R. L., Wolfson, P. M., Pritchard, B., Rockwell, M., Charbonnier, F. M.: Current-based transthoracic defibrillation and cardioversion: Initial report of a prospective multi-center study. Circulation, 78:II-46, 1988. Liebman, J., Olshansky, B., Cohen, M., Geha, A., Rudy, Y., Fraenkel, R., Henthorn, R., WALDO, A.: WPW syndrome-correlations of body surface potential mapping (BSPM) with electrophysiologic study (EPS) and surgery. Circulation, 78:II-137, 1988. Gatzoylis, K., Olshansky, B., WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W.: Response to antiarrhythmic therapy as judged by programmed electrophysiologic testing in patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Proceedings of the 10th Hellenic Congress of Cardiology, 1988.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Gatzoylis, K., Olshansky, B., WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W.: Baseline clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics of patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Proceedings of the 10th Hellenic Congress of Cardiology, 1988. Mitrani, R., Carlson, M. D., Switzer, D. F., Zeno, J., WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W.: Reinduction of ventricular tachycardia: Relationship of morphology to induction mode. . Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 12:I-659, 1989. Nozaki, A., Shimizu, A., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Unexpected effects of ouabain on atrial flutter induced in conscious dogs with sterile pericarditis. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 12:I-670, 1989. Nozaki, A., Shimizu, A., WALDO, A. L.: Multiplexing study of atrial flutter in dogs with sterile pericarditis: Does the center of the reentry change from beat-to-beat? Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 12:I-669, 1989. Carlson, M. D., Hsu, J., Geha, A., Martin, P. J., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Effects of epicardial parasympathetic nerve stimulation on atrial cycle length in man. Circulation, 80:II-598, 1989. Shimizu, A., Nozaki, A., Thomas, C. W., Rudy, Y., WALDO, A. L.: Multiplexing study of the onset of atrial flutter in a canine model. Circulation, 80:II-95, 1989. Shimizu, A., Nozaki, A., Thomas, C. W., Rudy, Y., WALDO, A. L.: Multiplexing study of interruption of atrial flutter by rapid pacing. Circulation, 80:II-95, 1989. Nozaki, A., Shimizu, A., Thomas, C. W., Rudy, Y., WALDO, A. L.: Multiplexing study of termination of atrial flutter by moricizine. Circulation, 80:II-135, 1989. The CAST Investigators: Increased mortality due to encainide and flecainide in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST). Circulation, 80:II-428, 1989. Adenosine Study Group: Adenosine for termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: Dose ranging and comparison with verapamil. Circulation, 80:II-631, 1989. Kerber, R. E., Olshansky, B., Kienzle, M. G., WALDO, A. L., Aschoff, A. M., Birger, S., Wilber, D., Carlson, M. D., Walsh, S., Rockwell, M., Charbonnier, F.: Current requirements differ for transthoracic shock termination of monomorphic vs. polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Clinical Research, 37:928A, 1989. Kerber, R. E., Olshansky, B., Kienzle, M. G., WALDO, A. L., Aschoff, A. M., Birger, S., Wilber, D., Carlson, M. D., Walsh, S., Rockwell, M., Charbonnier, F.: Current requirements differ for transthoracic shock termination of monomorphic vs. polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Circulation, 80:II-44, 1989. Shimizu, A., Nozaki, A., Thomas, C. W., Rudy, Y., WALDO, A. L.: Multiplexing studies during entrainment and interruption of atrial flutter to characterize double potentials. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 15:123A, 1990.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Kerber, R. E., Kienzle, M. G., Olshansky, B., WALDO, A. L., Wilber, D., Carlson, M. D., Aschoff, A. M., Birger, S., Fugatt, L., Walsh, S., Rockwell, M., Charbonnier, F.: What are the determinants of transthoracic shock current requirements for ventricular tachycardia? A prospective multicenter study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 15:134A, 1990. Dolack, G. L., Jackman, W. M., Wyndham, C. R. C., WALDO, A. L., Prystowsky, E. N., Frame, V. B.: Electrophysiologic effects of recainam in reentrant supraventricular tachycardia. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 13:552, 1990. Shimizu, A., Nozaki, A., Thomas, C. W., Rudy, Y., WALDO, A. L.: Multiplexing study of the onset of atrial flutter in a canine pericarditis model - Insights into double potentials and fractionated signals. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 13:513, 1990. Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D., Lewis, W. R., Mitrani R., Gatzoylis, K. A., Henthorn, R. W., Geha, A., WALDO, A. L.: New criteria to localize anteroseptal accessory atrioventricular connections. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 13:502, 1990. Carlson, M. D., Geha, A., Hsu, J., Martin, P. J., WALDO, A. L.: Selective sinoatrial parasympathetic nerve stimulation increases atrial cycle length in conscious humans. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 13:539, 1990. Mitrani, R., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D., Gatzoylis, K. A., WALDO, A. L., Henthorn, R. W.: Multiple ventricular tachycardia morphologies predict failure of medical therapy guided by electrophysiology study. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 13:507, 1990. Carlson, M. D., Furukawa, Y., Levy, M. N., Wallick, D., WALDO, A. L., Martin, P. J.: Site of atrial pacing and cardiac parasympathetic nerve stimulation determines induction of atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 13:514, 1990. Gatzoylis, K. A., Biblo, L. A., Mitrani, R., WALDO, A. L., Carlson, M. D.: Utility of the signal averaged electrocardiogram in patients with an intraventricular conduction delay. Chest, 98:93S, 1990. Liebman, J., Zeno, J., Olshansky, B., Cohen, M., Geha, A., Rudy Y., Fraenkel, R., Henthorn, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: WPW syndrome: Correlations of body surface potential mapping with electrophysiologic study and surgical mapping. Journal of Electrocardiology, 23:280, 1990. WALDO, A. L., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D.: Temporary pacing techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias after open heart surgery. RBM 12:16, 1990. Kerber, R. E., Kienzle, M. G., Olshansky, B., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L., Wilber, D., Aschoff, A. M., Birger, S., Fugatt, L., Walsh, S. Rockwell, M., Charbonnier, F.: Impedance-based transthoracic defibrillation: A new approach to energy selection. Circulation, 82:III-183, 1990.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Carlson, M. D., Geha, A. S. Hsu, J., Martin, P. J., WALDO, A. L.: Selective sinoatrial parasympathetic nerve stimulation increases atrial cycle length in conscious humans. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 13:539, 1990. Biblo, L. A., Mitrani, R., Carlson, M. D., Gatzoylis, K. A., Jafar, Z., WALDO, A. L.: Serial electrophysiologic studies do not predict success in patients with rapid ventricular tachycardia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 17:31A, 1991. Kerber, R. E., Kienzle, M. G., Olshansky, B., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L., Wilber, D., Aschoff, A. M., Birger, S., Fugatt, L., Walsh, S., Fox-Eastham, K., Rockwell, M., Charbonnier, F.: Impedance-based electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: A new method for optimal energy selection. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 17:130A, 1991. Gatzoylis, K. A., Mitrani, R., Biblo, L. A., WALDO, A. L., Carlson, M. D.: Atrial flutter causes false positive late potentials on signal averaged electrocardiogram. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 17:324A, 1991. Shimizu, A., Nozaki, A., Igarashi, M., Rudy, Y., WALDO, A. L.: Multiplexing study of the effects of rapid atrial pacing on the development of functional areas of slow conduction - comparison of a pericarditis model with normal atrial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 17:386A, 1991. Shimizu, A., Igarashi, M., Rudy, Y., WALDO, A. L.: Insights into atrial flutter from experimental models. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14:627, 1991. Ortiz, J., Igarashi, M., Gonzalez, X., Laurita, K., Rudy, Y., WALDO, A. L.: Mechanism of spontaneous termination of atrial flutter in the canine pericarditis model. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14:627, 1991. Igarashi, M., Shimizu, A., Rudy, R., WALDO, A. L.: Surprising effects of N-Acetylprocainamide on atrial flutter in the canine pericarditis model. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 14:723, 1991. Geha, A. S., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L.: Selective surgical approach for atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT). Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, (abstract), 32: 90-91, 1991. Ortiz, J., Igarashi, M., Gonzalez, X., WALDO, A. L., Johnson, N. J.: Mechanism of atrial flutter termination by WAY-123,398, a unique class III agent. Circulation 84:II-507, 1991. Gatzoylis, K. A., Biblo, L. A., WALDO, A. L., Mitrani, R., Carlson, M. D.: Signal averaged electrocardiographic analysis of the P wave in patients with paroxysmal atrial flutter. Circulation, 84:II-596, 1991. Kerber, R. E., Kienzle, M. G., Olshansky, B., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L., Wilber, D., Aschoff, A. M., Birger, S., Walsh, S., Fox-Eastham, K., Rockwell, M., Charbonnier, F.: Current-based transthoracic defibrillation is superior to energy-based defibrillation in patients with high transthoracic impedance. Clinical Research 39:690A, 1991; Circulation, 84:II-612, 1991.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Carlson, M. D, White, R. D., Trohman, R. G., Adler, L. P., Biblo, L. A., Merkatz, K. A. WALDO, A. L.: Cine magnetic resonance imaging scan detects previously unrecognized anatomical abnormalities in patients with right ventricular outflow tract ventricular tachycardia. Circulation, 84:II-646, 1991. Jalal, S., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D., Johnson, N. J., WALDO, A. L.: Combination Quinidine/Mexiletine therapy does not suppress ventricular tachycardia induction when IV procainamide first fails. Circulation, 84:II-715, 1991. Ortiz, J., Igarashi, M., Gonzalez, X., Laurita, K., Johnson, N. J., WALDO, A. L.: Does the sinus node participate in the genesis of new wave fronts during atrial fibrillation in the canine pericarditis model. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 19:90A, 1992. The CAST Investigators: Failure of treatment with moricizine to improve survival in a randomized trial of arrhythmic suppression after myocardial infarction (MI): The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST). Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 19:199A, 1992. Igarashi, M., Ortiz, J., Gonzalez, X., WALDO, A. L.: Termination and reinduction of atrial flutter after moricizine and N-acetylprocainamide in the canine pericarditis model. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15:528, 1992. Carlson, M. D., Biblo, L. A., Saltzberg, R., WALDO, A. L., Liebman, J.: Body surface potential mapping predicts radiofrequency catheter ablation site. PACE, 15:586, 1992; European Journal of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, 2:A170, 1992. Lewis, W. R., WALDO, A. L., Carlson, M. D.: Apparent efficacy of beta blockade is a poor predictor of clinical response in patients with neurally mediated vasovagal syncope. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 15:592, 1992. Rizk, H., Ortiz, J., Igarashi, M., Gonzalez, X., WALDO, A. L.: Double potentials equals block, not slow conduction. Circulation 86:I-751, 1992. Ortiz, J., Igarashi, M., Gonzalez, X., Johnson, N. J., WALDO, A. L.: A new, reliable atrial fibrillation model with a clinical counterpart. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 21:183A, 1993. Ortiz, J., Murthi, A., Gonzalez, X., WALDO, A. L.: Studies of collision of wave fronts Implications for understanding double potentials recorded in reentrant rhythms. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 21:220A, 1993. Lieberman, R. A., Ortiz, J., Biblo, L. A., Johnson, N. J., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L.: New clinical index for predictive efficacy of antiarrhythmic drug therapy for ventricular tachycardias. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 21:244A, 1993. Ortiz, J., Igarashi, M., Gonzalez, X., Johnson, N. J., WALDO, A. L.: Prevention of reinduction of atrial flutter by WAY 123,398. A unique observation. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16:II-864, 1993.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Niwano, S., Ortiz, J., Abe, H., Gonzalez, X., WALDO, A. L.: Evaluation of resetting in a functionally determined reentrant circuit. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16:II-864, 1993. Ortiz, J., Niwano, S., Abe, H., Gonzalez, X., Johnson, N. J., WALDO, A. L.: Mapping the conversion of atrial flutter to atrial fibrillation and vice versa - Insights into mechanism. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 16:II-890, 1993. Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D., Johnson, N. J., Lieberman, R. A., Rosenbaum, D. S., WALDO, A. L.: ESVEM programmed stimulation protocol overestimates sotalol efficacy. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 16:II-891, 1993. Josephson, R., Chahine, R., Morganroth, J., Anderson, J., WALDO, A. for the CAST Investigators: Prediction of cardiac death in patients with a very low ejection fraction - A CAST study. Circulation, 88:I-166, 1993. Niwano, S., WALDO, A. L.: Characterization of excitable gap in a functionally determined anisotropic reentrant circuit. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 23:87A, 1994. Ortiz, J., Niwano, S., Abe, H., Gonzalez, X., Ayers, G. M., WALDO, A. L.: Transvenous atrial defibrillation in two canine models of atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 23:125A, 1994. Ortiz, J., Sokoloski, M. C., Niwano, S., Abe, H., Gonzalez, X., Ayers, G. M., Alferness, C. A., WALDO, A. L.: Successful atrial defibrillation using temporary pericardial electrodes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 23:125A, 1994. Niwano, S., Ortiz, J., Abe, H., Gonzalez, X., WALDO, A. L.: Effects of rapid pacing on components of a stable, functionally determined reentrant circuit. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 23:283A, 1994. Abe, H., Ortiz, J., Niwano, S., Gonzalez, X., WALDO, A. L.: Effect of an isthmus on anisotropic conduction of atrial myocardium: A possible model of slow conduction in atrial flutter. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 23:467A, 1994. Lee, J. H., Geha, A. S., Rattehalli, N. M., Cmolik, B. L., Johnson, N. J., Biblo, L. A., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L.: Evolving strategies in the management of postoperative ICD infections. . Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17:II-780, 1994. Ortiz, J., Sokoloski, M. C., Niwano, S., Ayers, G. M., WALDO, A. L.: Effects of betaMethacholine on the atria: Implications for understanding atrial fibrillation and transvenous atrial defibrillation. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17:II-790, 1994. Niwano, S., Lorber, J., Ortiz, J., Abe, H., Gonzalez, X., WALDO, A. L.: Inhomogeneity of excitable gap in a functionally determined atrial flutter reentrant circuit. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17:II-808, 1994.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Niwano, S., Ortiz, J., Abe, H., Gonzalez, X., WALDO, A. L.: Interruption of atrial flutter by a premature beat is not due to refractoriness. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17:II-839, 1994. Sokoloski, M. C., Merkatz, K. A., Ortiz, J., Gonzalez, X., WALDO, A. L., Johnson, N. J.: Subepicardial transmembrane potential changes may contribute to slow conduction in the canine sterile pericarditis model of atrial flutter. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 17:II-855, 1994. WALDO, A. L.: Demonstration of transient entrainment of a tachyarrhythmia can only be explained by a reentrant mechanism. European Journal of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, 4:(Suppl 4) #2-19, 1994. WALDO, A. L.: Mechanisms of atrial flutter. Electrophysiology, 4:(Suppl 4) #2-42, 1994. European Journal of Cardiac Pacing and

Niwano, S., Sokoloski, M. C., Ortiz, J., Khrestian, C., Ayers, G. M., WALDO, A. L.: Evaluation of ventricular vulnerability and safety during atrial defibrillation via implanted transvenous catheters in the sterile pericarditis model. Circulation, 1994; 90:I-13. Merkatz, K. A., Sokoloski, M. C., Girouard, S. D., WALDO, A. L., Rosenbaum, D. S., Johnson, N. J.: Effects of inflammation on anisotropic conduction in the sterile pericarditis model of atrial flutter. Circulation, 1994; 90:I-182. Niwano, S., Kumagai, K., WALDO, A. L.: Stability of the central line of functional block during premature beats in atrial flutter reentrant circuit in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Circulation, 1994;90:I-183. Niwano, S., Ortiz, J., WALDO, A. L.: Surprising effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on the excitable gap in the atrial flutter reentrant circuit of the sterile pericarditis model. Circulation, 1994; 90:I-412. Cmolik, B. L., Ortiz, J., Ayers, G. M., Lee, J. H., Geha, A. S., WALDO, A. L.: Successful very low energy atrial defibrillation using temporary epicardial wire electrodes. Program for the 20th Annual Meeting of The Western Thoracic Surgical Association, June, 1994, p.28. Kumagai, K., Niwano, S., Ayers, G. M., WALDO, A. L.: Effects of the preceding R-R interval on the safety of atrial defibrillation via transvenous catheter electrodes in the sterile pericarditis model. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1995; 25:15A. Niwano, S., Sokoloski, M. D., Ortiz, J., Khrestian, C., Ayers, G. M., WALDO, A. L.: Effects of digoxin and sotalol on atrial defibrillation thresholds via implanted transvenous catheter electrodes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1995; 25:109A. Niwano, S., Sokoloski, M. C., Ayers, G. M., WALDO, A. L.: Effects of digoxin on ventricular vulnerability during atrial defibrillation via implanted transvenous catheter electrodes in the sterile pericarditis model. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1995; 25:110A.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Kumagai, K., Niwano, S., Ayers, G. M., WALDO, A. L.: Observations during induced atrial fibrillation and its spontaneous termination in the sterile pericarditis model. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1995; 25:257A. Niwano, S., Ortiz, J., Kumagai, K., WALDO, A. L.: Variations in the termination of atrial flutter by premature beats. Studies in the sterile pericarditis model. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1995; 25:257A-258A. Kumagai, K., Niwano, S., Khrestian, C., Ortiz, J., WALDO, A. L.: Simultaneous multisite mapping during induced atrial fibrillation in the canine sterile pericarditis model - Insights into self-sustaining mechanisms. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 1995; 18:809. Kumagai, K., Niwano, S., Sokoloski, M., Ayers, G. M., Khrestian, C., WALDO, A. L.: Effect of quinidine, d-sotalol and digoxin on atrial defibrillation thresholds during intraatrial transcatheter cardioversion in the sterile pericarditis model. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 1995; 18:851. Kumagai, K., Niwano, S., Ayers, G. M., Khrestian, C., WALDO, A. L.: Effect of quinidine on ventricular vulnerability during intraatrial transcatheter cardioversion in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 1995; 18:941. Prodafikas, J., Mackall, J. A., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L., Biblo, L. A.: Slow versus fast ventricular tachycardia: Implications for drug therapy. Journal of Investigative Medicine, 1995;43:383A. Anderson, J. L., Pratt, C. M., WALDO, A. L.: The impact of the approval of flecainide and encainide on coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality: Putting "Deadly Medicine" to the test. Circulation, 92:I-97, 1995. Uno, K., Kumagai, K., Khrestian, C. M., WALDO, A. L.: Determinants of the atrial flutter cycle length in the sterile pericarditis model. Circulation, 92:I-754, 1995. Kumagai, K., Khrestian, C., WALDO, A. L.: Mechanism of spontaneous termination of induced atrial fibrillation in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Circulation, 92:I-754, 1995. Geller, J. C., Geller, M., Lott, J., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L.: Moricizine is effective and safe in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 92:I-774, 1995. Kumagai, K., Uno, K., Khrestian, C., WALDO, A. L.: Single site radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 27 (Suppl A):4A, 1996. Pratt, C. M., Camm, A. J., Cooper, W., Friedman, P. L., MacNeil, D. J., Moulton, K. M., Pitt, B., Schwartz, P. J., Veltri, E. P., WALDO, A. L. for the SWORD Investigators: Mortality in the Survival with ORal D-sotalol (SWORD) trial: Why did patients die? Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 27 (Suppl A):173A, 1996.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Kumagai, K., Uno, K., Khrestian, C., WALDO, A. L.: Sustained atrial fibrillation vs nonsustained atrial fibrillation in the canine sterile pericarditis model: Role of unstable reentrant circuits. PACE, 19:629, 1996. Kumagai, K., Uno, K., Khrestian, C., WALDO, A. L.: Significance of "nonactivation zones" during atrial fibrillation in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19:705, 1996. Biblo, L. A., Farah, M. G., Carlson, M. D., Weigel, K., Smith, M. D., Rosenbaum, D. S., Mackall, J. A., WALDO, A. L.: Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with shortening of the QT interval. PACE 19:688, 1996. Nakagawa, H., Kumagai, K., Imai, S., Yamanashi, W., Pitha, J., Uno, K., McClelland, J., Beckman, K., Arruda, M., Lazzara, R., WALDO, A. L., Jackman, W.: Catheter ablation of the Bachmann's bundle from the right atrium eliminates atrial fibrillation in a canine sterile pericarditis model. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 19:581, 1996. WALDO, A. L.: The role of endocardial structures in atrial flutter. European Journal of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, 6(Suppl 5):15, 1996. WALDO, A. L.: Basic experiments and effects of drugs on atrial defibrillation. European Journal of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, 6(Suppl 5):41, 1996. Lee, J. H., Ozin, M. B., Geha, M. S., Murrell, H., Mackall, J. A., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L., Biblo, L. A., Geha, A. S.: Factors predictive of late survival following CABG with implantable defibrillators: Importance of the LIMA graft. Chest 1996;110:21S. Uno, K., Kumagai, K., Khrestian, C., Ayers, G. M., WALDO, A. L.: Effects of flecainide on atrial defibrillation thresholds and ventricular vulnerability during delivery of low energy atrial shocks in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Circulation 94:I-68, 1996. Uno, K., Kumagai, K., Khrestian, C., WALDO, A. L.: New insights into the mechanism of onset of the atrial flutter reentrant circuit in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Circulation 94:I352, 1996. Moss, A. J., Hall, W. J., Cannom, D. S., Daubert, J. P., Higgins, S. L., Klein, H., Levine, J. H., Saksena, S., WALDO, A. L., Wilber, D, Brown, M. W.: Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial. Circulation 94:I-567, 1996. Mackall, J. A., Ozin, M. B., Carlson, M. D., Van Hare, G. F., WALDO, A. L., Biblo, L. A.: A simple predictor of successful radiofrequency ablation of atrial flutter. Circulation 94:I-676, 1996. Ozin, B., Mackall, J., Van Hare, G., Carlson, M., Rosenbaum, D., WALDO, A. L., Biblo, L.: A case control study of mortality after radiofrequency ablation of the AV junction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 29:199A-200A, 1997.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Uno, K., Kumagai, K., Khrestian, C., WALDO, A. L.: New insights regarding the atrial flutter reentrant circuit in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 29:254A, 1997. Kumagai, K., Uno, K., Khrestian, C., WALDO, A. L.: Mechanism of onset of induced sustained atrial fibrillation in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 29:255A, 1997. Costantini, O., Quan, K. J., Mackall, J. A., Rosenbaum, D. S., Carlson, M. D., Biblo, L. A.: Left ventricular mass is a more powerful predictor of survival than ejection fraction in patients with ventricular arrhythmias. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 20:1207, 1997. Uno, K., Kumagai, K., Khrestian, C. M., WALDO, A. L.: New radiofrequency ablative cure of atrial flutter. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 20:1234, 1997. Uno, K., Khrestian, C. M., Matsuo, K., Tacker, Jr., W. A., Ayers, G. M., WALDO, A. L.: Variability of delivered shock energy for intraatrial shock to cardiovert atrial flutter in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Circulation 1997; 96(Suppl I): I-74. Matsuo, K., Uno, K., Khrestian, C. M., WALDO, A. L.: The crista terminalis is not normally a barrier to conduction - Implications for atrial flutter. Journal of the American College of Cardiology; 1998;31(Suppl A):221A. Ghanem, R. J., WALDO, A. L., Laurita, K. R.: A new weighted function for the automated detection of activation times. Annals of Biomed Eng 1998; vol 26, supp 1. Chan, D. P., Van Hare, G. F., Carlson, M. D., Mackall, J., WALDO, A. L.: Importance of the typical atrial flutter isthmus in post-operative intra-atrial reentry. Circulation 1998; 98(Suppl I): I-616. Rosenberg Y, for the AFFIRM Investigators: Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Trial: Design and Rationale. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1998;91:(Suppl III):75. Matsuo, K., Tomita, Y., Uno, K., Khrestian, C. M., WALDO, A. L.: A new mechanism of sustained atrial fibrillation: Studies in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Circulation 1998; 98(Suppl I): I-209. Matsuo, K., Tomita, Y., Khrestian, C. M., WALDO, A. L.: Mechanism of termination of atrial fibrillation by flecainide in a canine model of atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1999;33:109A. Tomita, Y., Matsuo, K., Khrestian, C., Sahadevan, J., WALDO, A. L.: New insights into atrial flutter – Studies in a canine model. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1999;33:147A.

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Costantini, O., Martin, J. M., Kalahasty, G., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L.: Is inpatient monitoring unnecessary for the initiation of type IC antiarrhythmics for the prevention of atrial fibrillation? Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 1999;22 (Part II):742. Matsuo, K., Tomita, Y., Sahadevan, J., Khrestian C. M., WALDO, A. L.: Mechanism of termination of atrial fibrillation in a canine model of atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 1999;22 (Part II):760. Ghanem, R. N., WALDO, A. L., Laurita K. R.: Simultaneous analysis of unipolar and bipolar electrograms for enhanced automated mapping of atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 1999; 22 (Part II):879. Kaelber, D. C., Biblo, L. A., Platt, S. B., Burnes, J. E., Haaga, J. R. WALDO, A. L., Rudy, Y.: Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging: Initial evaluation in humans during ventricular pacing. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 1999; 22 (Part II):887. Wyse DG, AFFIRM Investigators: Baseline characteristics of patients with atrial fibrillation – the AFFIRM study. Circulation 2000;102:II-671. Sahadevan, J., Ghanem, R. N., Matsuo, K., Tomita, Y., Khrestian, C. M., Stambler, B. S., WALDO, A. L.: A-A intervals during atrial fibrillation: A marker for what? J Am Coll Cardiol (abstract) 2000;35:147A. Bui, H., Khrestian, C. M., WALDO, A. L.: Fixed intercaval block in the setting of sustained fibrillation promotes induction of atrial flutter. J Am Coll Cardiol (abstract) 2001;37:112A. Heisen, M., Carlson, M. D., WALDO, A. L., Stambler, B. S., Mackall, J. A.: Can electrophysiologic testing predict the outcome of patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia early after coronary artery bypass surgery? Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology (abstract) 2001;24 (Part II):633. Sahadevan, J., Golebiewski, J., Khrestian, C., Ryu, K., WALDO, A. L., Stambler, B. S.: Atrial tachycardia in dogs with rapid ventricular pacing induced heart failure is due to either a focal or reentrant mechanism. Journal of the American College of Cardiology (abstract), 2001;37:126A. Ryu, K., Sahadevan, J., Khrestian, C. M., Stambler, B. S., WALDO, A. L.: Frequency analysis of electrograms in the canine sterile pericarditis model of atrial arrhythmias. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2001;29 (Suppl 1):S-55. Paydak, H., Glatter, K., Piros, P., WALDO, A. L., Stambler, B., Varma, N., Yang, Y., Scheinman, M., Dorostkar, P.: Complex, figure-of-8 intra-atrial reentry tachycardia in patients after corrective surgery for congenital heart disease. Circulation, 2001;104 (Suppl II): II-752. Ghanem, R. N., Burnes, J. E., WALDO, A. L., Rudy, Y.: Electrocardiographic imaging: noninvasive reconstruction of epicardial measures of dispersion of repolarization. J Biomedizinische Technik, 2001;46:201-203.

Albert L. Waldo, M.D.

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Ryu, K., Sahadevan, J., Khrestian, C. M., Stambler, B. S., WALDO, A. L.: Fast Fourier transform analysis of atrial electrograms rapidly indicates arrhythmia mechanisms – studies of four induced arrhythmias in two canine models. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2002;25:II-535. Sahadevan, J., Markowitz, A. H., Ryu, K., Peltz, L., Stewart R. W., Khrestian, C. M., WALDO, A. L.: Epicardial mapping of chronic atrial fibrillation in humans. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2002;25:II-586. Jones, N. J., Pina, I., Stewart, R. W., WALDO, A. L.: Insight into the cause of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2002;25:II-705. Wyse DG, AFFIRM Investigators: AFFIRM results. American College of Cardiology Late Breaking Clinical Trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:6-7. Mickel M, Dalquist J, Greene HL, Rosenberg Y, Schron E, DiMarco J, WALDO A, Wyse DG, AFFIRM Investigators: Improving data submission in a large, long-term clinical trial: methods used in the AFFIRM study. Controlled Clinical Trials 2002;23:64S. WALDO, A. L. and the NHLBI AFFIRM First Antiarrhythmic Drug Substudy Investigators: Maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation: the AFFIRM First Antiarrhythmic Drug Substudy. North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology Late-Breaking Clinical Trials. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 2002: Late Breaking Clinical Trials. http://www.naspehighlights.org/summary/summary.asp?sid=1&stid=21&;d=2002. Jenkins LS, NHLBI AFFIRM Quality of Life Substudy Investigators. Quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation and risk factors for stroke and death: an AFFIRM substudy. North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology Late-Breaking Clinical Trials. http://www.naspehighlights.org/summary/summary.asp?sid=1&stid=20%ld=2002. Wyse DG, AFFIRM Investigators: AFFIRM results. American College of Cardiology Late Breaking Clinical Trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:6-7. Ryu, K., Sahadevan, S., Khrestian, C. M., Stambler, B. S., WALDO, A. L.: Determination of conduction paths from the left to the right atrium using frequency analysis of atrial electrograms in two canine models of atrial fibrillation. Second Joint IEEE EMBS/BMES Annual International Conference: Proc IEEE Eng Med & Biol Soc. 2002: 1453-1454. Gersh B, AFFIRM Investigators: Survival in patients presenting with atrial fibrillation: the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study. World Congress of Cardiology. 2002 Sherman, D. G., Kim, S., Boop, B., Corley, S,, DiMarco, J., Hart, R. G., Haywood, L. J., Hoyte, K., Kaufman, E. S., Kim, N., Nasco, E., WALDO, A. L.: The occurrence and characteristics of stroke events in the AFFIRM study. Neurology 2003:60-1:A326.

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Wyse DG, AFFIRM Investigators: AFFIRM: Rate control versus rhythm control – Part 1. CardioStim 2002. WALDO AL, AFFIRM Investigators: AFFIRM: Rate control versus rhythm control – Part 2. CardioStim 2002. Goldstein, R. N., Khrestian, C. M., Ryu, K., Van Wagoner, D. R., Stambler, B. S., WALDO, A. L.: Prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation and flutter using steroids. PACE, 2003; 26:1068. Goldstein R. N., Khrestian, C. M., Carlsson L., WALDO, A. L.: AZD7009: An atrial selective repolarization-delaying agent that effectively terminates and prevents re-induction of atrial fibrillation and flutter in the sterile pericarditis model. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2003;26:1089. Wyse DG, AFFIRM Investigators: AFFIRM 1. World Congress on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology. Hong Kong. 2003. WALDO AL, AFFIRM Investigators. AFFIRM 2. World Congress on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology. Hong Kong. 2003 Ryu K, Waldo AL, Khrestian CM, Goldstein RN, Sahadevan J, Dorostkar PC. Comparative Effects of Bipolar Single Site and Bipolar Linear Triple Site Pacing on Atrial Activation Studies in Canine Models. In: the 25th IEEE EMBS Annual International Conference: Proc IEEE Eng Med & Biol Soc 2003;2:186-189. Goldstein, R. N., Khrestian, C. M., Ryu, K., Pepoy, M., Lamorgese, M., WALDO, A. L., Van Wagoner, D.R.: CRP levels predict arrhythmia inducibility and neutrophil infiltration in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Circulation 2003;108:IV-323. Goldstein, R. N., Khrestian, C. M., Ryu, K., WALDO, A. L.: Reliable pace termination of atrial fibrillation is possible. Circulation 2003;108:IV-708. Zhang S, Ryu K, Khrestian CM, Nikolski VP, Waldo AL. An interactive high-resolution cardiac mapping system. Ann Biomed Eng 2003;31:S-102. Sherman, D. G., Kim, S. G., Boop, B. S., Corley, S. D., DiMarco, J. P., Hart, R. G., Haywood, J., Hoyte, K., Kaufman, E. S., Kim, M. H., Nasco, E., WALDO, A. L.: The occurrence and characteristics of stroke events in the AFFIRM study. Neurology 2003; 60 (Suppl 1):A326. Ryu, K., Ghanem, R. N., Khrestian, C. M., Sahadevan, J., Dorostkar, P. C., Goldstein, R. N., WALDO, A. L.: Local velocity estimation analysis during bipolar single site and linear triple site rapid pacing in canine models – implications for antitachycardia pacing. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2004;43:(Suppl A):113A. Matsumoto, N., Khrestian, C. M., Ryu, K., Lacerda, A., Brown, A. M., WALDO, A. L.: A dopamine re-uptake inhibitor terminates atrial fibrillation and flutter in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Heart Rhythm, 2004;1(S1):S31.

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Ryu, K., Li, L., Khrestian, C. M., Matsumoto, N., Sahadevan, J., Ruehr M. L., Van Wagoner, D. R., Efimov, I. R., WALDO, A. L.: New insights into pericarditis: Transmural gradient of connexins 40 and 43 contributes to abnormal atrial conduction and atrial arrhythmias. Abstract. Circulation, 2004;110:(S-III)291. Ryu, K., Khrestian, C. M., Matsumoto, N., Sahadevan, J., Goldstein, R. N., Dorostkar, P. C., WALDO, A. L.: The characterization of critical cycle length of the left atrial driver causing right atrial fibrillatory conduction. IEEE Eng Med & Biol Soc, 2004;26:3960-3963. Ryu, K., Jeon, S. W., Khrestian, C. W., Matsumoto, N., Sahadevan, J., Jenkins, M. W., van Wagoner, D. R., Rollins, A. M., WALDO, A. L.: A novel use of optical coherence tomography to distinguish pericarditis and its extent from healthy atrium. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2005;45(Suppl A):133A. Ryu, K., Li, L., Khrestian, C. M., Matsumoto, N., Sahadevan, J., Ruehr, M. L:, Van Wagoner, D. R., Efimov, I. R., WALDO, A. L.: Pericarditis induced remodeling of connexins 40 and 43 contributes to abnormal atrial conduction and arrhythmogenesis. Heart Rhythm, 2005;2(1S):S69. Ryu, K., Jeon, S. W., Khrestian, C. W., Matsumoto, N., Sahadevan, J., Jenkins, M. W., van Wagoner, D. R., Rollins, A. M., WALDO, A. L.: A novel use of optical coherence tomography to distinguish pericarditis and its extent from healthy atrium. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2005;45(Suppl A):133A. Matsumoto, N., Khrestian, C. M., Ryu, K., WALDO, A. L.: New insights into the atrial flutter reentry circuit – studies during entrainment. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2005:45 (Suppl A):122A. Vitebskiy, S. A., Goldstein, R. N., Khrestian, C. M., WALDO, A. L.: Activation exits the pulmonary vein area via preferential conduction pathways. Abstr. Circulation 2006; 114 (18 Suppl II):200. Jais, P., Sacher, F., Laborderie, J., Reuter, S., Bordachar P., Hsu, L.-F., Sanders P., Hocini, M., O’Neill, M.D., Jonsson, A., Takahashin, Y., Haissaguerre, M., Clémenty, J.: Tailored endocardial left ventricular pacing is superior to coronary sinus in heart failure patients needing cardiac resynchronization. Heart Rhythm 2006;3:S247-S248. Cakulev, I. T., Ryu, K., Khrestian, C., Lacerda, A. E., Brown, A. M., WALDO, A. L.: Orally administered vanoxerine, a cardiac multichannel blocker, terminates atrial flutter and prevents its reinducubility in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2007;49 (Suppl I):38A. Vitebskiy, S., Khrestian, C. M., WALDO, A. L.: Termination of a tachyarrhythmia by flunarizine is not a specific marker for a triggered reentrant mechanism. Heart Rhythm. 2007;4:S166-167.

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Vorobiof, G., Minor, S., Aktas M. K., McNitt, S., Rocco, T. A., Hall, B. Huang D. T., Wyse D. G., WALDO, A. L., Daubert, J, P.: Analysis of outcomes based on left ventricular ejection fraction in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management Study. Circulation 2007;116 (Suppl II): 438-439. Caprini, J. A., Tapson, V. F., Hyers, T. M., WALDO, A. L., Ballard, D. J., Becker, R. C., Khetan, R., Wittkowsky, A. K., Friedman, R., Colgan, K. J., Shillington, A. C., for the NABOR Steering Committee: Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism: Adherence to guidelines and impact of physician knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. Journal of Vascular Surgery. In Press. Srinivasan, D., Sahadevan, J., Ryu, K., Markowitz, A. H., WALDO, A. L.: New insights into the substrate for and mechanism of atrial fibrillation following open heart surgery. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Submitted. Intini, A., Khrestian, C. M., Matsumoto, N., Ryu, K., WALDO, A. L.: The area of slow conduction in the reentrant circuit of single loop atrial flutter is located in the right atrial free wall. Studies in canine models. Heart Rhythm. Submitted. Seungyup Lee A RAPID CYCLE LENGTH VARIABILITY DETECTION TECHNIQUE OF ATRIAL ELECTROGRAMS IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION Abstract BMES