Antibacterial Pharmacology

Published on December 2016 | Categories: Documents | Downloads: 27 | Comments: 0 | Views: 227
of 5
Download PDF   Embed   Report

Antibacterial Pharmacology

Comments

Content


Subject: microbiology
54 terms | 155 facts
USMLE Step 1: Microbiology
Antibacterial Parmacology
!ifampin is
propyla"is for#
$nfection: meningococcal infection %cil&ren'
(ral penicillin is
propyla"is for#
$nfection: cil& )it prior reumatic fe*er+ must ta,e &aily
-ancomycin .o"icity: neproto"icity+ ototo"icity+ tromboplebitis+ se*ere
/using )en infusion too rapi&
clinical use: M!SA+ 01 2i3
resistance: if bacteria mutates 425ala 25ala4 to 425ala 25lac4
mecanism: bin&s 25ala 25ala part of cell )all precursors to
inibit pepti&oglycan formation
Ami,acin 0lass: aminoglycosi&e
clinical use: gram negati*e ro&s
mecanism: inibits 67S at te formation of te initiation
comple"
resistance: bacterial transferase →
acetylates8posporylates8a&enylates te &rug
to"icity: neproto"icity+ inibits 9M:+ ototo"icity+ teratogenicity
.obramycin 0lass: aminoglycosi&e
clinical use: gram negati*e ro&s
mecanism: inibits 67S at te formation of te initiation
comple"
resistance: bacterial transferase →
acetylates8posporylates8a&enylates te &rug
to"icity: neproto"icity+ inibits 9M:+ ototo"icity+ teratogenicity
0efepime Mecanism: inibits cell )all syntesis
clinical use: serious infections )it resistance+ inclu&ing
pseu&monas+ gram negati*e+ an& gram positi*es %broa&5
spectrum'
to"icity: allergic reaction+ *it ; &e<ciency+ neproto"icity
class: 4t5generation cepalosporin
0lorampenicol .o"icity: aplastic anemia+ gray baby syn&rome
clinical use: =n& line for meningitis secon&ary to >1 $n/uen?ae+
91 Meningiti&is+ S1 Pneumoniae
mecanism: bloc,s protein cain elongation by inibiting
pepti&yl transferase at te 57S subunit
resistance: acetyltransferase pro&uce& by bacteria pre*ents
bin&ing of &rug to ribosomes
2o"ycycline 0lass: tetracycline
to"icity: teet &iscoloration+ potosensiti*ity+ acilles ten&on
rupture+ interference )it bone8ten&on gro)t
clinical use: !MS@+ mycoplasma+ clamy&ia
mecanism: bin&s 67S an& pre*ents attacment to aminoacyl5
t!9A
resistance: bacterial transport pumps &ecrease upta,e or
increase eAu" of te &rug
5@lo"acin+ eno"acin+
nali&i"ic aci&
Mecanism: inibit topoisomerase $$ %29A gyrase' an& $-
clinical use: U.$s+ pyelonepritis+ pseu&omonas
to"icity: acilles ten&on rupture especially in pts B C7+ organ
transplant recipients+ an& pts ta,ing corticosteroi&s+
contrain&icate& in pregnancy+ periperal neuropaty+ ten&initis
an& cartilage &amage in cil&ren+ prolongation of D. inter*al
resistance: eAu" pumps+ mutate& topoisomerase $$ %29A
gyrase'
class: /uoroEuinolone
M1 a*ium5
intracellulare
Propyla"is: a?itromycin %024 F 57'
treatment: a?itromycin+ rifampin+ etambutol+ streptomycin
.icarcillin+ piperacillin .o"icity: allergic reaction
class: anti5pseu&omonal penicillin
clinical use: pseuo&omonas %combine )it cla*ulanic aci& or
ta?obactam'
mecanism: bloc,s pepti&oglycan cross5lin,ing+ acti*ates
autolytic en?ymes+ bin&s transpepti&ases
.riple terapy for >1
pylori
2rugs: amo"icillin+ PP$+ claritromycin
Ampicillin+ amo"icillin .o"icity: allergy+ pseu&omembranous colitis %01 2iGcile'
resistance: beta5lactamases
clinical use: >1 Pylori+ >1 $n/uen?ae+ E1 0oli+ Listeria+ Proteus+
Salmonella+ Sigella
mecanism: bloc,s pepti&oglycan cross5lin,ing+ acti*ates
autolytic en?ymes+ bin&s transpepti&ases
Penicillin !esistance: beta5lactamases
clinical use: gram positi*es+ 91 Meningi&itis+ sypilis
to"icity: allergic reaction+ emolytic anemia %rare'
mecanism: bloc,s pepti&oglycan cross5lin,ing+ acti*ates
autolytic en?ymes+ bin&s transpepti&ases
9eomycin 0lass: aminoglycosi&e
clinical use: gram negati*e ro&s
mecanism: inibits 67S at te formation of te initiation
comple"
resistance: bacterial transferase →
acetylates8posporylates8a&enylates te &rug
to"icity: neproto"icity+ inibits 9M:+ ototo"icity+ teratogenicity
$mipenem8cilastatin+
meropenem
.o"icity: 09S to"icity
mecanism: H5lactams+ cilastatin inibits renal &ey&ropeptiase
$ to pre*ent neproto"icity
clinical use: last5resort )en oter &rugs a*e faile&1 Hroa&5
spectrum
class: carbapenem
Sulfameto"a?ole
%SMI'+ sul<so"a?ole+
sulfa&ia?ine
0lass: sulfonami&e
clinical use: U.$+ streptococcus+ M!SA+ E1 0oli+ >1 $n/uen?ae
to"icity: emolysis in JCP2 &e<ciency+ neproto"icity+ many
people a*e sulfa allergies+ ,ernicterus in babies
resistance: mo&i<e& bacterial &iy&ropteroate syntase+
increase PAHA syntesis %o*ercome competiti*e inibition'+
&ecrease& &rug upta,e
mecanism: competiti*e antagonist of PAHA → inibits
&iy&ropteroate syntetase →→ &ecrease& syntesis of .>@ →
&ecrease& 29A syntesis
0ipro/o"acin is
propyla"is for#
$nfection: meningococcal infection %a&ults'
Heta5lactamase
inibitors
0la*ulanic aci&+ sulbactam+ ta?obactam
!ifabutin 0linical use: .H treatment in >$-K patients %less P5457 in&uction'
Etambutol Mecanism: inibits arabinosyltransferase )ic bloc,s
carboy&rate polymeri?ation in te cell )all
to"icity: optic neuritis
clinical use: .H
0eftria"one+
cefota"ime+
cefta?i&ime
Mecanism: inibits cell )all syntesis
clinical use: gram negati*e infections+ ceftria"one &rug of coice
for 09S infections %meningitis' an& gonorrea+ cefta?i&ime for
pseu&omonas
to"icity: allergic reaction+ *it ; &e<ciency+ neproto"icity
class: 6r&5generation cepalosporin
Metroni&a?ole .o"icity: &isulfuram reaction )8 eto+ metallic taste
mecanism: free ra&icals tat &amage bacterial 29A
clinical use: Jiar&ia+ Entamoeba+ .ricomonas+ Jar&nerells
*aginalis+ Hacteroi&es+ 01 2iGcile+ >1 Pylori
Propyla"is Penicillin J is propyla"is for# $nfection: sypilis
ampicillin is propyla"is for# $nfection: maternal group H strep
>$- )8 024 F 177 propyla"is: .MP5SMI for P0P pneumonia an&
to"oplasmosis
M1 .uberculosis propyla"is: isonia?i& %$9>'
treatment: rifampin+ isonia?i& %$9>'
2emeclocycline 0lass: tetracycline
mecanism: A2> antagonist+ also bin&s 67S an& pre*ents
attacment to aminoacyl5trna
resistance: bacterial transport pumps &ecrease upta,e or
increase eAu" of te &rug
clinical use: S$A2>
to"icity: teet &iscoloration+ potosensiti*ity+ acilles ten&on
rupture+ interference )it bone8ten&on gro)t
Pyra?inami&e Mecanism: &ecreases intracellular p
to"icity: yperuricemia+ epatoto"ic
clinical use: .H
0efa?olin+ cepale"in Mecanism: inibits cell )all syntesis
clinical use: Proteus+ E1 0oli+ ;lebsiella+ S1 Aureus %prior to
surgery'
to"icity: allergic reaction+ *it ; &e<ciency+ neproto"icity
class: 1st5generation cepalosporin
.etracycline 0lass: tetracycline
to"icity: teet &iscoloration+ potosensiti*ity+ acilles ten&on
rupture+ interference )it bone8ten&on gro)t
clinical use: !MS@+ mycoplasma+ clamy&ia
mecanism: bin&s 67S an& pre*ents attacment to aminoacyl5
trna
resistance: bacterial transport pumps &ecrease upta,e or
increase eAu" of te &rug
!ifampin 0linical use: .H+ leprosy+ 91 Meningi&itis propyla"is in close
contacts+ >1 $n/uen?ae type H propyla"is in close contacts
to"icity: P5457 in&ucer+ re&8orange bo&y /ui&s
mecanism: inibits 29A5&epen&ent !9A polymerase
resistance: rapi& resistance if use& by itself
Erytromycin
ointment is
propyla"is for#
$nfection: optalmia neonatorum
.rimetoprim %.MP' 0linical use: combine to form .MP5SMI )ic is use& for utis+
P0P pneumoniae treatment an& propyla"is+ sigella+ salmonella
to"icity: megaloblastic anemia %secon&ary to .>@ inibition'
mecanism: inibits bacterial &iy&rofolate re&uctase %2>@!'
Minocycline 0lass: tetracycline
to"icity: teet &iscoloration+ potosensiti*ity+ acilles ten&on
rupture+ interference )it bone8ten&on gro)t
clinical use: !MS@+ mycoplasma+ clamy&ia
mecanism: bin&s 67S an& pre*ents attacment to aminoacyl5
trna
resistance: bacterial transport pumps &ecrease upta,e or
increase eAu" of te &rug
Penicillin is
propyla"is for#
$nfection: en&ocar&itis )it upcoming surgical8&ental proce&ures
0lin&amycin .o"icity: 01 2iGcile %pseu&omembranous colitis'
mecanism: bloc,s transpepti&ation at 57S subunit
clinical use: anaerobic infections in te upper an& lo)er
respiratory tracts
Streptomycin 0lass: aminoglycosi&e
clinical use: gram negati*e ro&s
mecanism: inibits 67S at te formation of te initiation
comple"
resistance: bacterial transferase →
acetylates8posporylates8a&enylates te &rug
to"icity: neproto"icity+ inibits 9M:+ ototo"icity+ teratogenicity
A?treonam 0linical use: gram negati*e ro&s1 @or penicillin5allergic patients
mecanism: inibits pepti&oglycan "5lin,e& by bin&ing pbp6
class: monobactam
to"icity: Lgi upset
-ancomycin is &rug of
coice for#
$nfection: M!SA
0efa?olin is
propyla"is for#
$nfection: postsurgical S1 Aureus inf"n
.MP5SMI is
propyla"is for#
$nfection: recurrent utis
0efo"itin+ cefaclor+
cefuro"ime
Mecanism: inibits cell )all syntesis
to"icity: allergic reaction+ *it ; &e<ciency+ neproto"icity
class: =n&5generation cepalosporin
clinical use: >1 $n/uen?ae+ Enterobacter+ 9eisseria+ Proteus+ E1
0oli+ ;lebsiella+ Serratia
Jentamicin 0lass: aminoglycosi&e
clinical use: gram negati*e ro&s
mecanism: inibits 67S at te formation of te initiation
comple"
resistance: bacterial transferase →
acetylates8posporylates8a&enylates te &rug
to"icity: neproto"icity+ inibits 9M:+ ototo"icity+ teratogenicity
>$- )8 024 F =77 Propyla"is: .MP5SMI for P0P pneumonia
("acillin+ nafcillin+
&iclo"acillin
0lass: anti5stap penicillins
mecanism: bloc,s pepti&oglycan cross5lin,ing+ acti*ates
autolytic en?ymes+ bin&s transpepti&ases1 $s beta5lactamase
resistant1
to"icity: allergic reaction+ interstitial nepritis
clinical use: s1 Aureus
A?itromycin+
claritromycin+
erytromycin
0lass: macroli&es
to"icity: &iarrea+ nausea+ ab&ominal pain+ colestatic epatitis
%rare'+ prolonge& D. → torsa&es %*ery rare'
clinical use: atypical pneumonia+ clamy&ia+ streptococcal
infections %=n& line'
mecanism: bin&s =6S portion of 57S subunit → inibits
translocation &uring protein syntesis
resistance: metylate =6S subunit
Line?oli& is &rug of
coice for#
$nfection: -!E
Mat are te
tetracyclines#
2rugs: tetracycline+ &o"ycycline+ &emeclocycline+ minocycline
$sonia?i& %$9>' Mecanism: con*erte& by bacterial ,atg to acti*e form an&
&ecreases mycolic aci& syntesis
clinical use: .H propyla"is an& treatment
to"icity: neuroto"icity %pre*ent )8 *it HC'+ epatoto"icity+ SLE
Mat are te
/uoroEuinolones#
2rugs: cipro/o"acin+ nor/o"acin+ le*o/o"acin+ o/o"acin+
spar/o"acin+ mo"i/o"acin+ gati/o"acin+ eno"acin+ nali&i"ic aci&
0eftria"one is
propyla"is for#
$nfection: gonorrea
Mat are te
aminoglycosi&es#
2rugs: gentamicin+ neomycin+ ami,acin+ tobramycin+
streptomycin
M1 leprae .reatment: &apsone+ rifampin+ K85 clofa?imine %if lepromatous'

Sponsor Documents

Or use your account on DocShare.tips

Hide

Forgot your password?

Or register your new account on DocShare.tips

Hide

Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link to create a new password.

Back to log-in

Close