Applications
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APPLICATIONS:1. Tracking vehicles within the particular area:The use of RFID in a vehicle assembly line ensures optimum operation, enhanced efficiency and eliminates the possibility of fraud and theft. Strategically positioned fixed RFID readers with multiple tag reading capability trace the vehicle as they enter in a particular area. In this way vehicles can be tracked throughout the area. 2 Controlling the speed of vehicles:We can automatically control the speed of a vehicle when it enters in a particular area according to the speed limit of that area. There are different speed limits in different areas according to the extent of traffic. The speed is decided by the controller which can be altered according to traffic. So when a vehicle come in range the speed automatically changed to limit speed. 3. Better Fleet Management:RFID has enabled better fleet management. Now the transporters have a fix on reasons behind vehicular downtime. They know how long it takes to load raw materials and they can measure the performance of drivers. Transporters can plan availability of trucks based on the latest tracking data and make optimum use of their fleet. 4. Parking Lot Access Control: RFID based access control systems ensures that only authorized vehicles can get into and get out of the parking area. Parking barrier arms automatically lifts to let the vehicle pass through on success identification of the vehicle RFID tag.
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8.2 LIMITATIONS:1. Common Problems with RFID:Some common problems with RFID are reader collision and tag collision. Reader collision occurs when the signals from two or more readers overlap. The tag is unable to respond to simultaneous queries. Systems must be carefully set up to avoid this problem. Tag collision occurs when many tags are present in a small area; but since the read time is very fast, it is easier for vendors to develop systems that ensure that tags respond one at a time. 2. Worker Resentment:In situations where companies use the devices to track the movements of their truck or delivery drivers, use of the devices can cause resentment. Drivers may feel that their privacy is being invaded or that their company doesn't trust them. They may also experience more stress because of the feeling of being watched at all times. When employees are also permitted to use the company vehicle for personal use, they can feel even stronger resentment if they believe that their movements are being tracked when not on the job. 3. Expense:Vehicle tracking devices can be expensive to install. A system that uses cellular-based technology, which transmits information about vehicle movements to a landline every five minutes, can cost $500 per unit for installation. A wireless passive tracking device can cost $700 for installation and $800 for software and databases, A satellite system, which is capable of tracking a vehicle all over the United States, can also cost around $700. Additional monthly charges may also apply, which in the case of satellite systems can be as much as $100.
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4. Overdependence:As with any technologies, overdependence on vehicle tracking devices can cause workers to come to rely too heavily on the system. If the system were to break down, this could cause a chaotic situation as the company may have a difficult time tracking deliveries. Workers may be called upon to step out of their "comfort zone" and have to perform tasks manually that the tracking system would normally do for them. This can lead to worker stress as well as a decrease in the efficiency of the operation.
CONCLUSION:This paper presents an architecture for automatic adaptation of the longitudinal speed control of a vehicle to the circumstances of the road which can help to decrease one of the major causes of fatalities: the excessive or inadequate vehicle speed. Our approach is based on a technology of RFID tagging of traffic signals to convey their information to the car and DC motor located in the vehicle for high accuracy measurement of the speed of the car. Sensor
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fusion is applied to the information received by these subsystems, and used to adjust the longitudinal speed of the vehicle with a fuzzy controller. The proposed on-board architecture is portable and easily adaptable to any commercial car with minimal modifications. The system shows promising results, since active RFID technology permits to detect the presence and identity of the traffic signals reliably and sufficiently in advance, so corrective actions on the vehicle’s behavior can be taken. In the empirical trials in our installations, the vehicle’s speed was successfully changed as a result of the detection of the signals, increasing the driver’s safety. The technology developed can assist human drivers in difficult road circumstances, as well as a complement ISA or CWS systems if the car is already equipped with them. In our experiments, only the test vehicle was present on the road. In normal driving situations, we can expect other vehicles circulating nearby and possibly blocking or attenuating some of the RFID transmitting signals, especially with large vehicles like trucks. In this aspect, more experimentation is needed to know how this circumstance will affect the vehicle’s control performance. A possible solution is the use of redundant RFID tags (since their cost relatively low), placed at different locations near the traffic signal, to guarantee RF signal reception in unfavorable conditions. Although the experiments described in this communication were carried out using traffic signals, RFID tags can be located in any place on the infrastructure (for example: traffic lights, temporary road diversions, pedestrian crosses, etc.). The results suggest that an automatic intelligent speed control system can be
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used to prevent any unexpected traffic circumstance and improve the safety of the occupants of the vehicle.
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8.2 LIMITATIONS:1. Common Problems with RFID:Some common problems with RFID are reader collision and tag collision. Reader collision occurs when the signals from two or more readers overlap. The tag is unable to respond to simultaneous queries. Systems must be carefully set up to avoid this problem. Tag collision occurs when many tags are present in a small area; but since the read time is very fast, it is easier for vendors to develop systems that ensure that tags respond one at a time. 2. Worker Resentment:In situations where companies use the devices to track the movements of their truck or delivery drivers, use of the devices can cause resentment. Drivers may feel that their privacy is being invaded or that their company doesn't trust them. They may also experience more stress because of the feeling of being watched at all times. When employees are also permitted to use the company vehicle for personal use, they can feel even stronger resentment if they believe that their movements are being tracked when not on the job. 3. Expense:Vehicle tracking devices can be expensive to install. A system that uses cellular-based technology, which transmits information about vehicle movements to a landline every five minutes, can cost $500 per unit for installation. A wireless passive tracking device can cost $700 for installation and $800 for software and databases, A satellite system, which is capable of tracking a vehicle all over the United States, can also cost around $700. Additional monthly charges may also apply, which in the case of satellite systems can be as much as $100.
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4. Overdependence:As with any technologies, overdependence on vehicle tracking devices can cause workers to come to rely too heavily on the system. If the system were to break down, this could cause a chaotic situation as the company may have a difficult time tracking deliveries. Workers may be called upon to step out of their "comfort zone" and have to perform tasks manually that the tracking system would normally do for them. This can lead to worker stress as well as a decrease in the efficiency of the operation.
CONCLUSION:This paper presents an architecture for automatic adaptation of the longitudinal speed control of a vehicle to the circumstances of the road which can help to decrease one of the major causes of fatalities: the excessive or inadequate vehicle speed. Our approach is based on a technology of RFID tagging of traffic signals to convey their information to the car and DC motor located in the vehicle for high accuracy measurement of the speed of the car. Sensor
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fusion is applied to the information received by these subsystems, and used to adjust the longitudinal speed of the vehicle with a fuzzy controller. The proposed on-board architecture is portable and easily adaptable to any commercial car with minimal modifications. The system shows promising results, since active RFID technology permits to detect the presence and identity of the traffic signals reliably and sufficiently in advance, so corrective actions on the vehicle’s behavior can be taken. In the empirical trials in our installations, the vehicle’s speed was successfully changed as a result of the detection of the signals, increasing the driver’s safety. The technology developed can assist human drivers in difficult road circumstances, as well as a complement ISA or CWS systems if the car is already equipped with them. In our experiments, only the test vehicle was present on the road. In normal driving situations, we can expect other vehicles circulating nearby and possibly blocking or attenuating some of the RFID transmitting signals, especially with large vehicles like trucks. In this aspect, more experimentation is needed to know how this circumstance will affect the vehicle’s control performance. A possible solution is the use of redundant RFID tags (since their cost relatively low), placed at different locations near the traffic signal, to guarantee RF signal reception in unfavorable conditions. Although the experiments described in this communication were carried out using traffic signals, RFID tags can be located in any place on the infrastructure (for example: traffic lights, temporary road diversions, pedestrian crosses, etc.). The results suggest that an automatic intelligent speed control system can be
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used to prevent any unexpected traffic circumstance and improve the safety of the occupants of the vehicle.
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