Archives of Dentistry

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The Archives of Dentistry was initially established as a consolidation between the Missouri Dental Journal and the New England Journal of Dentistry. Concerned about maintaining a reputation for relevancy, the publication operated under the modern practice of never re-publishing material that had previously been published elsewhere. As a result, the submissions in the Archives of Dentistry are fresh, interesting, and often provide incredibly unique insight into the lives of dentists and their professional practice at the turn of the nineteenth century.

Content

.v..^^VV*^"

%J^

THE

Archivesof Dentist
SnCCESSOK

"The

Missouri
THE

A

Dental

"New

Montllly

TO

Journal,"

England

Recorcl

Journal

c

Published

ST.

LOUIS,

H.

MO.,
FOR

Science

Art.

ItissS.

CHAMBERS

DENTAL

and

Monthly by

CHICAGO,
THE

with

Dentistry."

of

of Dental

V^OLUME

J.

Consolidated

also

JOURNAL

"

ILL.,

CO.,
ATLANTA.

ASSOCIATION.

GA.,

CONTENTS

A

Case.

OF

12

-------------

of

Acknowledgment
of

Adaptation
Address

at

Alveolar

teeth

Dental

American

Dental

-

of

Amputation
Catarrh,

-

-

-

College,
Roots.

404

-

-

-

IW

-

-

-

-

121

-

125

------

Notice,

1H1,238

-----

of

Report

-

-

-

-

413,

-

New

Chloroform,
of

American

Process

of

-

-

Association,

Dental

-

382

-

-

-

S4

-

-

-

477

-----------

National

Anointing

to

Apostate's

Dental

Infantile

in

Wall

Surgical

Society,

Poisoning,

Work.

-

Medical

Boracic

Engine

125

138

-

-

-

-

-

-

14

Pressure

Brush,

375

-

-----------

Atmospheric

Bridge

1-10

-

-

Poisoning,

American

Acid

-

-

-

----------

Paper

of

-

-

-----------184

Disk,

Association

-

Disorders,

Arsenic,
Creed,

Arsenical

521
15

----------

Announcement,

A

by

48

-----

Process,

Dental

Association,

Meeting

College,

Alveolar

Association

by

Antidote

the

Chicago

Tooth.

Impacted

Another

to

simulating

American

Anaesthesia

Dental

of
treated

Abscess

Annual

Missouri

Opening

Abscess

Aveolar

An

I.

VOLUME

in

Editors,

Relation

its

Artificial

to

Ul

-

-

-

-

-

Dentures,

H4

-

91

---------

442

....--

878

-----------

BlBLIOGKAPHIC.
Dental

Education,

Dental

Medicine,

Gorgas,

in

Fermentation
of

Formations

the

from

Letters

Masticating

Human

on

Temperament

a

State

Transactions

of

Teeth

a

to

Transactions

State
Dental

State

M.

Mother,

a

Relation

in

473.

526
139

Quinby.

Illinois

333

-----

-------

Practice,

Transactions

Miller,

----------

to

Sectorial

Dental

Mouth,

Black.

Mother

236
333

---------

Poisons,

and

191,

--------

of Trephining,

History

473

--------

Williams.

Embrj'ology,

Xotes

Winder,

Medical

Society

J..

-

-

Combination

of

-

-

Cones,Shaw.

191

-

473

-

190

-------

Teeth,

Dental

W.

139

-------

Society,
of

Society

New
of

381

-----

York.

Louisiana,

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

473
476

iv

Contents.

Vulcanite
Yeo's

and

Celluloid,

Physiology,

380

-----------

Calculus

Salivary, Its Removal

Cancrum

Oris, Leading

Caries, Production
Carbonic

Tooth,
of

Irregularity,

of

Spasm

Cast

Metal

Cases

-

-

43

-

-

188

.-..-._.

at

Fifty Years,

11

------

-'-'-

.

.

-

.

.

446

'

of Muscles

Plates,

of Face

and

Roots

of Teeth.

Due

Changes

After

Extraction

of Natural

Chicago

Dental

Infirmary,

Commencement

Chicago

Dental

Society.

Children's

Dental

Teeth,

Chloroform;
Chloral

of

To

of

Make

and

Causes

Whom

-

-

56
238

-

-----

Animal.

of Anaesthetized

-

9

84
."iS

--------

186
481

------

233

---------

Notes,

14,5,193

-----

-

---.-..---181

Credit

Cystic Abscess

-

-----------184

is Due,

in

Fillings,

Instruments,

Child,

a

438

--------

of Gold

Tempering

on

Exercises

of Crystal Gold,

of Discoloration

Cushing

80

-----

----------

Dentures,
Apostate's

Teeth.

-

Mouth,

Air-Tight,

to

225

-------

of in Blood

Miscellaneous

Creed,

225

344

------

i
-

Merits

Credit

-

.........

-

Deformity,

Consideration

Crowded

-

Wounds

Congenital

Critical

Irritation.

Proportion

in

-

-

373

of

Cataract

to

Cataract,

-

-----------

of Absorption

Corks,

Jaw

241

Blood,

Eruption

Case

of Lower

----------

the

Case

97

--------

to Necrosis

of

in

Acid

Canine

")4

-.----.-.

517

------

122

------

441

---------

*

CORKESPONDENCE.
State

Examiniug

Letter

Reply

of B.
to

Above

Damage

to

Death,

Proof

Deciduous

Boards,

II.

(^atchiug,

Heart

from

of

Important
Structure

Dental

Legislation,
Tlierapeutics,

in Nasal

Diagnosis,

Dental

Caries,

Germ

Benevolent

of Nitrous

Oxide

Gas,

-

39, 41

-

376

448
335

of Teeth,

Dental

Organ,

Inhalation

-...-----.

Formation

Dental

382

-------

------------

Dental

Dental

334

-----------

Teeth,

Defective

47

--------

---------

by J. Richardson,

Decision,

Dentists'

J. P.,

170

--------

Cavity,

-

-

1H7

.--.------142
385

----------

391

-----------

Theory

of

Association,

Ilistogeny and

-

------

;t^0, 397
455

-------

Histology

of

-

-

-

-

-

508

Contents.

Dental

National

Faculties,

Device,

Peculiar

A

Diagnosis,

of Tobacco

Engine

Brush,

-

-

-

-

Parts,

o\7

-

-

-

-

49

-

---------187

Boys,

378

-----------

Explanatory,
Extraction

of

Associate

and

Membrane

on

of Canine

Eruption

189
H91

Fillings, Causes

of Gold

Effect

239

-----

-----------

of Peridental

Diseases

Region,

am

-

-

.

.

.

----------

Dental

Discoloration

of

Association

Spirit Lake

of

Sketch

Descriptive

v

of Age,

Fifty Years

at

Tooth

-

11

-

-

-

47

-----------

of Teeth,

Exercise,

Object

Explosion

of

of

89

-------

18-5

----------

Tooth,

a

After

Changes

46

----------

Editokial.

Explanatory.

47

------------

-18

Listerine,

------------

Vick's

Guide.

Floral

Pathological

Missouri
An

of

Editorial

Root

Fining
Fountain

Georgia
Give
Glue,
Great

Credit

383
38;^

-----

432
of

Dentistry,

-

-

-

.

-

-

Organ,

Dental

Filling

477
47!)

-

528

221
--------251

-

Causing

Necrosis,

Society,
Caries,
Credit

Splint in,

-

-

-

-

-

Odontological

142.211.280,287
397

--------

438

-------

--

Society

-

of

------

-

-

-

-

18H
317

15

-----------

Teeth.

374
44

-----

is Due.

-.-

-

------

-

Britain,

for

Made,

Whom

Gold-Platinum.
Gold

of the

382

89

of Dental

Liquid

-

-------

Journal

Plaster-of-Paris

Dental

to

-

--------.--

Home

Jaw,

Theory

-

-----

Canals,

State

-

335

-----------

of Tooth

Fragment

Faculties,

England

Histology

Pen.
of

Fracture

-

-

-

------

Notes,

Editorial

-

-

Meeting
.-.--

Dental

''Editorial,''

Notes,
and

Annual

---

-

of New

Histogeny

-

-

of

Word

the

Announcement

287

-------

-'-

Association,

Association

287

Society,

Association.

Protective

288

-------

---------

Dental

Dental

National

Germ

Association.

Decision,

Important

Origin

143

-----------

State

American

142

Dentist,

Extracting

95

---------

----------

Dental

State

Minnesota
An

Decay.

Department.

48

---------

Legislation.

Dental
New

Specimen,

of Dental

Etiology

48

----------

-

---------

504

vi

Contents.

Gold

Fillings,

Haemostatic,

Permanganate

of Potassa

Histogeny

and

to

a

Human

Can

of the

Dental

Told

that

from

Society, Notice

Dental

Society Proceedings.

Tooth.

Inebriety
Infantile

Disorders,

-

-

-

372

of Annual

Meeting,

-

-

136

-

42:^
2i)9,3.""4,

202, 258,

-

Life

in

in

-

Dental

Society, Notice

Dental

Society

375

-

of Annual

State

Proceedings

433

-----

Meeting

-

94.142

-

84.s

------

44u

----------

of the

Organization

JOUKNALISTIC,

-

------

Treatment

State

Case

Caries,

234

Their

Iowa

A

of

241

--------

Anointing
and

Production

the

Insurance,

Incisors, Loose

189

--------

Iowa

-

Profession

Dental

-

Dental

Complete?

-

19(i

-

]2(),178, 229, 282, 327, 3(55,430, 463

:!o. 85,

-

Salivary Calculus, Removed

257

-------

142

----------

-82

---"----------

Life

Insurance

List

of

and

Loose

Mechanical

Method,

Louis,

Value

Scientific

93, 142

------

337
1

--------

Suggestions,

-

-

Dental

Association,

State

Dental

Association,

Proceedings

Missouri

Dental

College. CommencementDental

Mississippi Valley Dental

-

-

35

Association,
Association

-

-

.

-

-

-

-

142

-----

Proceedings,

305, 4;"5
no

-----

Notice

237,

288

-

-

107, 151
14

------------

Man,

-

-.

252

287

State

in

-

Society, Notice

Missouri

Mycosis

-

373

Missouri

Root

-

-----------

Notice

Mississippi State

-

in Dentistry,

Dental

State

433

-----

of--------

Manipulation,

Plates, Cast

Model,

22

------

Treatment,

Society, Notice

Dentistry,

Minnesota

Tlieir

and

Incisors

Plugging,
and

Materials

in St.

48

Dental

River
in

234

--------

------------

Inferior

Mallet

Inebriety.
Dentists

Registered

Listerine,

Metal

Dog,

335

Health,

of Micro-organisms

Mad

2OO
-

----------

on

and

Light,

254

15

Decision,
of Temper

Legislation.

508

-

-----------

Influence

Large

-

-

233

Dental

Irregularity.

-

of----------

State

Is the

149

-

-

------

of

State

Inferior

-

----_-

Organs,

Illinois

Important

-

Organ,

Illinois

Influence

-

189

Fitting Plate,

It Be

Peroxide

Impacted

a

on--------

Dental

Good

Blood,

Hydrogen,

as

379

Perfect

Secure

517

-----------

Histology

Make

to

of Temper

Oath,

Hippocratic

How

of--------

Influence

Health,

How

Discoloration

-----------

183

vii

Contents.

Naplitlialin
Narcosis

as

Antiseptic,

an

by Chloroform,

Xasal
Xational

Dental

National

Association

Nebraska

of

Necrosis

of Jaw

due

New

Process

New

Department,

New

Liquid

New

Steel,

Notes,

Obscuring

-

23!J, 383

-

Maxilla.
of

-

Tooth,

-

-

-

116

-

44

-----

by Chloroform,

34

-----

143
186
336

Miscellaneous.

and

Quekies,

879

Oral

Pathology,

Oral

and

I80

----------

281

-----------

Odonto-Chirurgical
Surgery,

170

----------

of

Society

Oral

144^ 192

-----------

Glass,

Odontological

14,5^193

------

--------

Exercise,

of

-

------------

Oath, Hippocratic
Object

-

-----------

Eemedies.

on

140

-----------

Glue.

and

Notes

187

142

Left

of Anaesthesia

Critical

Notes

4o

-

---------

Fragment

to

-

-------

Examiners,

Lower

and

Oxide

-------

of Dental

Society,

Upper

in

Another

Society,

Dental

Necrosis

by Xitrous

and

Formation

Dental

Cavity,

44

--------

by Ether

Britain.

Great

Society

69,317

-----

of Scotland,

72

------

23

------------

"

-

-

-

-

of. In

Surgery, Section

Dental

-

-

-

American

"

-

-

Medical

-

233

-

ciation,
Asso469

------------

Organization
Pamphxets,

Oral

Pathology,

of

Peroxide

and

a

as

Haemostatic,

to Make

How

by Boracic

254
238

-----

15

Acid.

9J

---------

-

-

-

-

of Artificial
blood

in

of Chloroform

-

-

-

Substitutes,

of Anaesthetized

Animal.

-188

-

80

-

-

-

-

Association.

Registered

Dentists,

84
376

-----------

Notice,

Report

49

-

273

Fluid,

Publishers'

of

-

-----------

of Death,

Protective

of

-------

Society. Notice

Propriety of Early Introduction
Proof

Diseases

-----------

Platinum-Gold,

Proportion

149

-----

Parts,

Associated

Dental

State

Plates".
Cast-metal

Preservative

196

-

----------233

Hydrogen,

Fitting Plate,

Poisoning

-

233

of Potassa

Pennsylvania

-

95, 139, 192, 237, 380, -177

-

-

-

-

-----------189

Membrane

Peridental

-

-

Complete

-----------

Device,

Peculiar

Permanganate

Perfect

-

-

Is it

Profession,

of Dental

--------

-

List

Cystic Abscess,

333

239, 288

.---...-.

of in

St. Louis,

---------441

-----

22

viii

Contents.

Boot

Model,

Root

Canals,

Rubber

Filling

Saint

Mode

of

Louis

Calculus,

Salivary

Calculus,

of

-

-

-

-

-

-17

-

257

--------

35

--..--.

Practice,

Dental

289

--------

Surgery

of

American

Medical

tion,
Associa4(59

...-..--....

Septic

Theory

Solution

of

Southern
Soft

Dental

of

of

Still

Children's

should

be

Thick

Rubber

Crowded

in

Extra"'ted

igi

to

Natural

Match

Ones,

-

-

-

-

14

16
9

Gushing,

Tobacco,
To

Corks

Air

of

Floral

a

-

Association,

Dam,

from

235

---------

-

-

-

-

-

-

122

'

Dental

of

University

123
(;

Teetli,

Effect

Translation

225
188

----------

Instruments"

State

as

.

-

-----------

and

Texas

Water

Teeth

-

------

------

Temperament

Vick's

Irritation,

Dental

-------

Tempering

358

54

Cold.

Make

to

Blood,

-----------

Suggestions,

Teeth,

276, 313,

216,

-

----.--...-

Disk.

Taking

due

the

in

Teeth

Another,

Surgical

Face

-

Artificial

Staining

-

378

which

Showing

55

---,..

----------

Acid

Dentures,

Mouth,

Proceedings

Association,

Muscle

320

-------

of

Wounds

Flux,

Carbonic

Statistics

Caries,

in

Chloral

and

of

Spasm
State

of

Dental

Solder

439

97

Dentistry.

in

-

of--------

Removed,

and

-

-

Society

in

Oral

-

Removal

Methods

Section

55

Vulcanizing

Method

Scientific

221

---------

----------

Dental

Salivary

Scientific

of

Thick,

Dam,

Rubber,

14

------------

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

55

----------

Boys,

on

the

Guide,
Prophylactic

Tight,

German,

and

228

Department,

-

-

-

233

------

--------

Dental

Maryland.

187

--------

Water

and

142

-

-

-

-

-

a

Remedy,

-

-

-

-

-

-

j)^

4s

i;"

*-*^'3^^

D

A.

Denrine

B.

Epithelium.

Tissue, ist stage.

ng

^.

C.

Enamel

D.

Forming

Section

and

Organ, 2d stage.
Bone
of Jaw.

Photograph

by R. R,

E

A.

Epithelium.

B.

Groove.

%'-

D.

Stratum

E.

Enamel

Malpighi.
Organ, 1st

stage.

pms^:^

-C

r.

-

^-%

'^ '"'

'^S^:
A.

Epithelium.

B.

Enamel

C.

Tongue.

D.

Developing

Organ,

Jaw

2d

stage.

8

'"^^SS**?*^-^

Fig4:

*The
pressure

of

Enamel
the knife

A.

Dentine

B.

Neck

C.

Enamel

D.

Epithelium.

Dentine
and
Organ
cutting the section.

in

Germ

Papilla.
of

Enamel

Organ.

Organ.

should

be

in

contact.

The

separation

is

caused

by

the

c

D

M

F,q

5.

A.

Dentine

Genn.

B.

Enamel

Organ.

C.

Epithelium.

D.

Forming

Bone

of

Jaw,

''S 8.

A.

Odonlobiasts

B.

Formed

Dentine.

C.

Dentine

Pulp,

or

Dentine

forming

Section

and

Cells,

Photograph

by

R.

R.

Andrews.

-';v^*wi
^^^^lUfffti~T^'"f?^^^^1^ly?fiTnltflH^fffm"T"TfT*

.%"'i"i.-:;"LLi""H^^|aeF;^

-F

I
\

M

B

m.
f^

-

"^

A.

Enamei.

B.

Dentine.

C.

Dentine

D.

Developing

E.

Enamel

F.

Gum

Pulp.
Bone

Organ.
Tissue.

of

Jaw.

D

THE

Archives of Dentistry
J
A

Vol.

Monthly

Record

II., No.

Dental

of

JANUAEY,

1.]

Of

all the

THE

[Read

R.

the

before

in which

chief

the

R.

D.

ANDREWS,

Annual

accepted

of

Meeting-

Committee

how

I

D.

the

New

of

Providence
a

paper
the

to

scientific
book

"Dentition,"

on

the

and
of

to

elucidation

and

sent

of

writings
meet

of

this

contradict

great

so

be

out

by
his

to

this
the

Dental

the

the

error

of

show

in his

Boston,

having

the

of

the

there

to

upon
from

a

embodied
otherwise

duty

from

strong

in
ble
valua-

it my

it does
a

our

read

System

called

I deem

has

vou

at

worthless

as

teeth,

some

been

with

prpfession,it

of

who

seldom

utterly

Coming

Executive

"Philosophic

are

profession

statement.

ability

at

delivered

gentleman

so-called

so

the

to

address

special surgical authority,
his

Society

development
to

We

systen

a

the

able

Teeth."

of

MASS.

chairman

in

was

giving
the

And

standpoint.

form

the
on

last year

meeting

CAMBRIDGE,
England

of

to

there

error

Development

listen

ought

TEETH.

2,1884.]

invitation

I

THE

S.,

demonstration

a

thought

much

of

give

to

because

the

excel,
writing well."

is

OF

Oct.

I have

wise

masterpiece

DEVELOPMENT

BT

Series.

[New

ARTICLES.
arts

Nature's

Art.

and

1885.

ORIGINAL
'

Science

a

to

tleman
gen-

tendency

misguide.
There

regard

is
to

perfect harmony

the

formation

of

among
the

dental

working

histologists to-day

follicle; up

to

this

period

in
in

2

The

Archives

Dentistry.

of

development everything is as clear as light. The points in dispute
them
the
are
beyond the way in which the enamel
among
organ,
dentine

germ,

and

there

the

sacculus

formed.

are

When

calcification

diversityof opinion: Here is a chance to
theorize;here is debatable
ground;
nothing as yet is certainly
in regard to methods.
We
can
only hypothesize. Many
proven
talented
minds
If the gentleman who
are
strugglinghere.
spoke
to us last year
had used his masterly powers
of
description in unof these tangled mysteries of nature
should
have
one
'"avelling
we
his ideas of the unknown.
7'espected
commences

There
with
we

the
were
as

were

comes

those

of

us

that

at

meeting

subject he chose than
justlyindignant that he
some

one

has

said,

the

was

should

who

were

put

and

gentleman himself;
come

among

premium
important matter."

"to

familiar

more

a

to

you

lack of

a

upon

lead;
mis-

We
at
saw
knowledge concerning this most
how
the
dealt with
once
imperfectlyhe understood
subject. He
misinterpretedfacts showing an entire lack of any proper histological
from
his illustrations that he
seem
investigation. It would
had imj^erfectly
studied
the writings of Goodsir, whose
theory of
Let me
many
years ago is not up to the lightof the present day.
call your attention
illustrations of which
the professor
to the
now
made

use

in his article.

B

A

B

C

D

A

E

9

C

C

e

S:
DIAGRAM

WITH

E

F

i

SUB-FIGUEES.

membrane
"Sub-tig1 shows two lines;A represents mucous
lying
overB, a plane of cartilage.
B
membrane;
C, basement
"Sub-fig.2 shows A, mucous
cartilage;
exhibits the mucous
membrane
it begins to be
raised as
as
an
velope
entunica propria for the tooth-germ seen
below
it.
"Sub-fig.3 is diagramatic of the mucous
envelope tunica propria
it invests the germ,
reference
as
no
being made in the drawing
walls.
to the developing alveolar
"

"

"

"

4

The

V

Archives

Dentistry.

of

sections
photo-micrographs from
prepared by
which
of
in
the
from
are
pigs,
nearly
embryos
myself
processes
identical with the human
embryo; and, as I said at Providence, to
introduce
development, avoiding, so
you to the A, B, C, of tooth

by

nature,

far

as

If
been

of

means

terms.
possible,the use of technical
inches
take an embryonic pig about
two
long,
we
and
make
for
microscopical observation,
prepared

shall
jaw, we
the embiyonic

through its lower
epithelium covering

section
of

of dental

J, branch
artery supplying
text

beneath.

jaw;

in lower

vertical

a

of

layer
(See Fig. 1
a

propria; D, enamel;

C, tunica

H, dental
of

K, branch

periodonteum;

artery;
dental

propria.

article

contains

to the

reference

no

epithelium is composed
of

this the

main

layer,is

named

us,

tunica

tissue

consist

has

illustration.

above

for information,only.]

.

to

G, canal

supplying

artery

of this

It is inserted

C.) The
important

E, dentine;

F, Cementum;

E, periodonteum;

[The

its artery;

pulp and

A, dental

find it to

which

because

is

which
of

mass

the stratum
from

development. Over
portion of the jaw

it
the

we

inner

the

of

layers,
layer (Fig. 1. D.)
two

epithelialcells; the lower, or
is the most
Malpighii, and
we

get

whole

find the

the
of

first
what

to

epithelialtissue

be

and

the

heaped

most
over

columnar

important
of

appearance
is

the

tooth

alveolar
up

in the

Original

of

form

which
of

a

just under

ridge,while

a

is called

Articles.

the

stratum

(Fig. 1, AandB.)

groove

5

portion of the epithelium
in the form
Malpighii, dips down
This
is the dental ridge and groove
this, that

no
as
histologists;of their significanceI have
yet formed
decided
opinion, as they vary in different portions of the mouth,
without
localities
either ridge or
some
appearing to be almost
(Fig. 2, A). From the lingual side of this groove, at a point
groove
is to form, we
find a portion of the stratum
where
a tooth
hii
Malpig-

of

this

still further

down

dipping

first indication

is the

into

of

the

the

formation

of

beneath:

tissue

embryonic
the

enamel

organ,

ingrowth,which
growth.
down
1.
a
gland (Fig. E), pushes its way
shaped
into the embryonic tissue, and by a multiplicationof cells at the
part farthest from the epithelium proper, increases in that part and
which

is the

is

beginning

like

This

little

tubular

form

the

assumes

of tooth

of

a

flask

this time

At

(Fig. 2, B).

notice

we

a

change taking place in the embryonic tissue just under this enamel
denser
or
by a multiplicationof
organ, the part becoming darker
of a papilla
This
the form
cells (Fig. 3, A).
assumes
part soon
(Fig. 4, A) pushing up against the base of the flask-shaped organ
above, and is the first stage in the development of the dentine
tooth
of the
future
crown
(Fig 5
growing into the form
germ,
and

6,
or

cap

The

hood

(Fig. 5

base; and
outside

and

the enamel

enamel

The

three

the dentine

covers

thrown

which

up

are

like

germ

it

B), entirely enclosing

are

organ,

the

is

organ

distinct

A) everywhere

against

amelo

not

except

layers of embryonic

afterwards

become

to

to

be

or

enamel

the

enamel

(Fig. 7, C)

with

cells

the

dental

the

blasts

next, the

at

a

the

tissue

the

sac-

tissue.

dentine

the

just

Those

at

composed
cells (Fig. 7,

coming
be(Fig. 7, B), afterward
tends
forming cells (thislayer exbut that portion which
organ,
dentine
has no known
ficance);
signigerm

within

these, considered

nourishing layer, called

consists

germ

is

germ

of

a

few

layers of

nearly their primitive form; and last,a mass
of the
shaped cells,forming the inner mass
reticulum
(Fig. 7, D).
The

and

perfected state,

foi'ms; a layer of columnar

in contact

come

in its

now

cellular

entirely around
does

6,

this base

from

then

organ

(Fig. 6, C).

culus

of

enamel

A.)

this

cells which

time
are

consists

in contact

the

by

of

of
with

a

still retain

stellate

organ,

mass

the

called

of

vestigat
in-

dium,
interme-

stratum

cells which

most

or

star-

the

late
stel-

embryonic

enamel

organ

6

The

change

their

Archives

Dentistey.

of

form, becoming somewhat

cells,but

larger,and

like the ameloblasts

become

the

or

dentine

amel
en-

cells

forming
odontoblasts
(Fig. 8, A). These by calcification are changed
into dentine
earlier
(Fig. 9, B), and this process begins somewhat
than the calcification
of the enamel
(Fig. 9, A). Just at this time
notice a breaking up
which
we
of the neck
of the
enamel
organ,
it with the Malpighian layer (Fig. 4, B), into
connects
epithelial
which
The
walls of tlie
wander
and are
absorbed.
clusters,
away
are

called

sacculus

then

unite

sacculus, with

the

over

the organ

and

enamel

organ

at

this

point, and

dentine

germ,

is

then

called

the

dental

a

follicle.
As

I have
are

that

and

many

I shall have

in

diverse; but the length
defer

to

I will say,

meeting.

theories

previously stated, the

discussion

the

however, that

of

my

inner

the

surface

of

the

formation

cells of which

form
the

around

cluster
in

cementum,

a

similar

manner

or

tooth,

(Fig. 6, D) growing downward
follicle. Occasionally I have
that

the

enamel

is formed

cementum

layer of the

sacculus,

dentine

and

of bone

from

the

organ

a

is

bud

to

seen

under

and

nearly
specimens

seen

of the

the

which

it

temporary

led

anterior

permanent

from

grow

to

me

tooth

lieve
be-

came

Malpighian layer; this is always the case with
the
is from
sixth year molar; the originof the twelfth year molar
of the sixth; the
of the organs
origin of the eighteenth year

directly from
the
neck
molar

the

is from

Let

been

last

our

shown

the
refer

now

us

at

is

published

neck
to

of the organ
of the

some

meeting

it in

a

statement

vein

of the

with

sarcasm

the

put forth

statements

in Providence.
of

twelfth.

In
that

know

how

practicaldemonstration."

the
the

by

the

light of what

tleman
genhas

professorprefaces

remark?

rationallyto treat diseases
understand
what
such organism is; how
It is proposed this
they are nourished.

"To

how

the

by

bone

of the temporary

organ

is to

to

of the

culus
forming cells. This inner layer of the sachas been
called by some
the cemental
investigators,
organ.
of the perword
in regard to the origin of the enamel
manent
organ
teeth. Just before
the breaking up of the neck of the enamel

osteoblasts

A

his

the

the

future

a

outward

worked

and

to

me

calcification

the

is

warns

point

nearly completed, the tooth
growth of cells immediately beneath;
from
the embryonic elements
of the
crown

tion
calcifica-

to

paper

of that

when

is

regard

of the dental
the

teeth

afternoon

organism

are

to

formed,
oft'er

a

Original

You

have

surely is
"It is
of the

a

big

groove;

of

a

and

the

and

a

big

he

Again
"A

is

trusted

between

in its

has

but

it

dip down,

not

demonstration

the

tweedle-dum

developed

will

dips

up;
is

show,

tweedle-dee."

and

is

state

twentieth

a

of its

truthfulness

of the
dental

does

says:

tooth
that

one

have
membrane

it

that

than

greater

groove

Mucous

difference, as

septibe cut away,there is found
implies gradual enlargement of one
little that no
been
so
microscope

inter-dental

must

it.

see

this

following

subject evolve for itself demonstration
primitive dental groove,seeing that if an adult

sometime

at

could

The

was.

let the

pi'oposedto

taken,

which

demonstration

that

sarcastic:

existence

be

jaw

what

seen

7

Articles.

of

lai'gewhen

growth,

deduction

a

of

fact

a

that

with

compared
difference

clusive
con-

there

primarily

is

a

germ."

Does

the

entire

professor

to

mean

His

tooth?

primitive

this dental

that

assert

sti'ation

demon

aims

is the

germ

to

that

prove

point.
Another

is

peculiar statem^ent

"Dentine,

and

cementum

this secretion

and

enamel

and

pulp as propounded
microscopist."

But

have

we

showing
the

drawings

Let

to-day
the
of

organ

distorted

a

again

us

enamel

turn

dental

it is

of

a

thought

in its various

stages;

a

vivid

cretion,
se-

is

There

be

to

of

or

common

pixlp.

photographs

vision

the

to

the

as

the

seen

resultant

are

lies with

enamel
the

follows:

as

no

shown

by

tions
microscopical sec-

these

not

are

imagination.

professor,for

of

some

his

profound

theorizing.
"The

formation

enamel
with

the

forms
into
to

begins;

be

through

the

as

the
as

thus

the

it has

the

the

modified

papilla.
been

the

it

and

membrane,

mucous

The

termed

sac

"

of

mucous

continues

to

of

through
the

by
the

exists

tunica

the
first

we

membrane
exist

finds

with

between

"

which

its way
this

sac,

epithelial
propria;
Between

membrane.

which

it

pulp

same

portion

mucous

dentine

the

the

it passes

face

of

degree, coincident

is modified

outer
a

covering
a

some

As

sac.

understood, being
formed

by

secretion,

primary

the

deposit is,to
Secreted

same

constitutes

it is

enamel

simply

this

against the second,

surface, which
this sac,

completed,

formation.

dentine,

moulded

dentine

rather

or

dentinal

the
and

of

primary
saw

tunica
these

as

sac;

lying
over-

propria,
two

hard

8

The

bodies, and
the

Archives

receives

and

modifies, for the

liquor sanguinis found
This

structure.

from

this that

by

It is from

Connecticut,
evening
dental
and

in the

suoh

received

the

of

convention

Dr.

"It has

listen

to

who

addressed

you

the

Again

professor says:
here

as

has

understood

that

inside

This

led

upon

it calcifies

from

gentleman

the

enamel

that

the

outside

inward, and

the

camel's

back; and

velopment
de-

tooth

of

process

histologists. It

the

"

of 'Dentition.'

understood

by

lot in any

ray

by

subject
the

"Accepting

the

on

say,

misapprehension

of

detailed
the

to

been

recital

a

was

propounded

as

posed
ex-

Haven,

New

of

him

before

exhibited, it becomes

specialpulp

no

the

this afternoon

it becomes

when

Williams,

never

pseudo-philosophic vagaries as

It is

membrane.

pain

which

such

to

intertubular

enamel."

J. L.

impressions
day:

same

of

continuity of
that

enamel

enamel,

the

and

tubules

the

impressions

this

as

is

of

support

dentinal

propria

receive

break

a

in the

tunica

we

Dentistry.

of

is also
from

not

outward."

is the
alone

that

straw

would

breaks

be sufficient

show

to

entire

the

this

absurdity

ment
state-

the

of

speaker's position.
Allow

in

me

comments

closing

the

on

by

same

'Corresponding with

"

As

envelope.

refer

to

Dr.

Williams:

the

such

be

to

and

plate of

recognized

carries

around

unwarrantable

This

is all

examination
a

first

nor

and

nicapropria

This

cells

about

txmica

imagination

of Prof.

single specimen,
shows

membrane,

teeth

with

tunic

illustrated

all of the

reflexa

can

is

it is not

in

shape
in

enveloped
shown

be

rily
necessa-

relation; a

it stands

under'

of

it

the

by

even

microscope.

membrane

mucous

a

in connection

{tuwith

the

described, except in the poetic

manner

Garretson.

and

as

existed

reflexa)ever

I

challenge

tissues

anything resembling
as

until

mucous

lies, it is

germ

dental

the

specimens
or

the

germ,

tooth; this germ

a

coat

in the

the

becomes

purely imaginary,

second

the

tunic; tunica

or

now

of actual
a

of the

development

a

coat,

representative of

sac'

cursory

Neither

which

second

a

call it.

to

size the

double
a

it

this increases

as

nature,be-

existingbetween

which

among

its alveolar

of

that

is of sub-mucous

originallymicroscopic, has enlarged

germ
and

that

of cells

papilla is

a

envelope

an

jaw

of

growth

ingan organization arising out
membrane

with

professor'stunicas,

the

to

this

described

in

their

him

him.

of the

There

produce
position,

proper

'foldingup'
bv

to

mucous

is neither

Original

'foldingdown'

'foldingup' nor
of the
I also

of

Williams

Dr.

Garretson's

when

allusion

croscopists,concerning the

seen

of

the

to

correct

In

the

by

Dr.

The

Teeth."

then

of

impression

an

mould

front

in the
tooth

same

seen

cemented

was

hard

in

for the
as

ground

In
a

receive

before

the
year.

the

the
with

year

I

better

are

1880,

from

Society for
This

He

these

to

than

then

bring
the

be
a

the

to

the

ficial
artiThis

cement

filled

were

porcelainwas

matter

of which

me

before
I have

and

enamel

porcelain
simple enough

found
on

this

Science, June
the

a

affair with

the

one

paper

Oral

sent

made

piece of

holes

everyday

dentists; I read

was

A

decay and
he

When

complete,

of

the

cavity in shape.

cement.

an

is

ling
large fil-

a

which

guide.

a

it would

Advancement

paper

from

having brought

hoped

was

removed

the

I shall venture

so

point where

been

there

Facings for Carious
lack of appreciation

there

into it and

operation was
gold.

has
fillings

methods

attention

Weston's

Practitioner

patience in the operator,
opinion it should be.

where

resemble

to

drilled

were

last six years,

spoken.
to
filling

with

place

my

case

incisor.

central

enamel

I think

of

plaster of Paris,
material, using this as

gold, so, when
entirelysurrounded
of

a

the

to

in his

as

describe

little holes

use

owing

in

with

The

"Porcelain

the want

Oct., 1884.]

Improvement,

Independent

on

common

a

then

was

was

as

to

on

goes

in the
took

not

the

that

states

Dental

for

Moore

C

writer

operation is

He

E.

of

part of the patient or

the

that

is

what

ROLLINS.

HERBERT

Society

number

August

article

Boston

the

before

[Read

to

mi-

among

FILLINGS.

"WILLIAM

BY

you

says:

alleged confusion
interpretationof

tooth."

a

ENAMEL

the

he

the

that

on

tion
forma-

microscope, in no way deti'acts from the force of the fact
no
histologistof recognized abilityof the present day has ever
ment
anything remotely resembling his description of the develop-

under

an

in the

membrane

mucous

tooth-germ."

endorse

"Prof.

9

Articles.

Boston

subject
21,

of

Medical

returned.
the
It was
then sent
to
Surgical Journal, but was
Lancet
and
accepted, but never
appeared. No further attempts
before
the
made
matter
to bring the
were
profession. In 1883,
and

10

The

however,

the

at

Archives

solicitation

Dentistry.

of

of

friend, I made

a

This was
originalpaper.
published in the
I refer to
Surgical Journal, AY"ri\ 2, 1883.
I do

wish

not

will be

found

Not

be

accused

to

be

a

Dr.

long ago
in

began

to

1873, and
the

method

In

an

with
than
the
burs
the

do

not

excavating for

be

as

flat

has

foi-ms

upon

When

the

and

of

To

make

made

a

with

this

resurrect

thin

a

experiment

be

have

be

one.

of
make

about

with

cut

devised
in

pendicular
percare

more

are

burs

the

in

cut

admirable

several

ferent
dif-

this purpose.

for

be made

perfectlydry

fat such

as

vaseline.

cavity requirescare.

After

mineral

some

of

for

figure 1.

cavity should

film of

forms

new

N

patterns

my

the

the

should

I.

ends, which

done

walls

is shown

these

jjerfectimpression

considerable

headstone

a

a

I

end,

after

the

cutting is

covered

lished
pub-

of
gold filling.The bottom
possible. As the ordinary flat ended

as

the

on

One

Hodge

articles

in the autumn
filling
experiments to

should

They

FIG.

Mr.

for

the

in

cutting ends.

to

me

many

for enamel

bottom.

well

cut

I believe

one.

the

employed
cavity should

made

because

matters

even

the
and

Medical

dental

without

decided

have

these

that

me

artificial teeth

cavity

is

of

to

Boston

myself what
teeth.
filling

to

buried

This

time

that

a

said

them.

easy

preparing

method

journal were
to

since

keeping

valuable

pieces of

use

of

Chandler

medical

a

call attention

to

I

to

of

abstract

an

been

followingpreparationhas

devised

for this purpose.
Gum

The

Mastic

50

parts

Plumbago

50

parts.

ingredientsare
is not

should

then

by

be

to

be

inch
of
heat

and

be

melted

stirred

and

sticks

then

To
is

when
an

take

the

pressed into

fluid.

are

gums

of

to

the

together,except

till the

quarter

long.

these

to

added

well

about

sticks

one

parts

Parafiine

which

one

100

it has
inch

impression

be

softened

the

cavity. The

a

The

cooled
in

little
cold

plumbago,
mixture
into

made

diameter
end

the
on

and

the

of

surface

part of the stick

Archives

The

12

cooled

the

by placing

mould

Dentistry.

or

piece of

a

on

cold

metal.

After

the

with
the mould, push it out
ground even
of the
through the hole in the back
by insertingan instrument
The
mould.
regia,when
gold can easilybe dissolved off in aqua
is ready to be used as a filling.
the enamel
surface

of

cavity in

The

piece

of

the

walls

the

The

the

with

coated

then

is

the enamel

is to

tooth

be

thin

mixture

of

imbedding

mixture

is to be

a

smeared

with

instruments

gum

it.

for

by

temperature

dry with absolute alcohol,
A small
copal and ether:
placed in the cavity and

made

of

means

is

heat
having a constant
be properly imbedded,

the

imbedding
minute

enamel

kept

are

flames.

gas

essential,as otherwise

at

stant
con-

instrument

An

will not

enamel

the

a

by the changes in temdevised
several
complicated instruments, but
peratui'e. I have
is
these
two
are
imbedding mixture
simple and efficient. The
of pure
made
ored
light-colby kneading together on a tile a mixture
oxide
of
in
the
with
zinc,
proportion
gutta-percha
pure light
of

will be

or

part of gutta percha

one

coloring matter
for

enough

most

oxyphosphate

should

be

used.

teeth.

Do

not

but

durable,

cements

It

they are
important, for

yet

is

color

unlike

look

the

of

not

the

the

dark

with

any
these

of

as

the

ding
imbed-

an

shade.

the

indeed, the

centre;

well

None

answer

proper

if it is too

does

make

to

done.

will

little

enamel

possible

been

A

zinc.

uranium

of

be

may

not

of

cement

to

try

has

because

cement

will

Oxide

materials
gutta percha filling

commercial

of

this

oxide

of

three

to

oxychloride.

or

cracked

This

edges

of

ling
fil-

the

will

operation

ter
mat-

be

a

failure.
When

is to be

out

then
at

the

a

distance

of

instead

of

somewhat
can

be

of

the

water

If

the

If

being

with

properly

packed

cavity
color
to

avoid

the

is

executed

is to

course

and

into

large

should

has

operation

fillingwill

the

pressed

been

the

chloroform, and

it is decided

need

porcelain material
and

which

cement

is

invisible

be

feet.

enamel

thinner

much

place the

away

few

a

different

proper

When

dissolved

complete.

If

is in

enamel

be

the
a

be
not

ground
mould;

porcelain is

that

The

followed.
be

covered
is

fine
then

with
to

when

used

be

to

copper
A

gold.
moistened

be
it is

a

mould
little
with

dry push it

out.

piece of previously baked porcelain of the
pressed into the soft porcelain,the object

shrinkage.
porcelain paste

In
is

most

cases

perfectlydry

this

is

it should

not

be

necessary.
baked

in

a

Original

muflie-furnace

gas

as

was

coating of more
When
the filling
is composed of
be partly hardened
biscuited
or
with

Sometimes

previously mentioned.
translucent
porcelainimproves

such

thin

a

13

Articles.

the

layer should

layers, the under

two

the

and

made

surface

filling.

and

true

even

should
be put on
coating,which
with a brush.
When
the porcelain is baked
the subsequent operations
the
like
those already mentioned, except that,as
are
porcelain
is stronger than enamel, no
is needed
avoid
fracture
to
specialcare
in

file to

a

r"3ceive the

upper

imbedding.
For

temperature
control

of

excess

of

quality

unburned

have

is also

this matter

to

true

wish

coming

to

use

enamel

as

if the
the

the

is

in which

the

operator

can

only

certain

to

a

little

veiy

be

reduced,

enamel.
in

extent

this

on

paper

the

I

porcelain.

Boston

the

Medical

is interested

who

one

any

of

case

subject in

refer

would

the

to

the

enamel

enamels

for the

foi'mulse

unless
fillings

of

body

is almost

the

less

and

required

in which

and

pieces of artificial teeth

that

say

lead

of

a

is

in

this article.

to

Before

the

color

published a short
Surgical Journcd

and

furnace

a

flame, for, if there

the

gas, the

entirelyspoilingthe
This

base

nicely regulated

be

can

the

enamel

the

making

is used

tooth

of

such

the

are

the

not

be

porcelains I
be ground to

small, because

very

will
filling

is taken

tooth

a

should

cavities

the

and

too

while

opaque,
shows

cement

if

through

edges.
FOEMULA

As

formation

the

of

suitable

practiceI would
suggest
little experience has been
Red

is

enamels
the

formulae

gamed.

Enamel

that

oxide

brown

or

ENAMELS.

DENTAL

FOE

of

lead

a

given

-

of

potash

-

-

-

white

To

mixed

parts.

100

-

parts.

500

parts.

of
of

be

in

a

and

base,for gray-blueplatinum,foryellow silver,

silver,oxideof uranium, silver and gold,oxideof cerium,

cerium

with

a

Base."

the enamel

color

chloride
oxide

parts.

400

finely divided, intimately mixed, melted
crucible, poured into cold water, dried, ground fine
should

"Enamel

marked

until

30

-

Cryolite
These

tried

be

base.

Silica
Carbonate

requiring some

matter

and

gold.

gold, glass
P'or

blue, cobalt

of

antimony
or

oxide

either
of

alone

silver.

or

Other

The

14

colors

have

Archives

tried

been

but

Dentistry.

of

give good enough results.
The
of coloring must
amount
be
found
by experiment, as the
commercial
oxides
the following are
vary in strength; therefore
approximate only:
enamel
ligrammes.
base, 100 grammes;
Grey -blue enamel
platinum, 50 milthe

above

"

Yellow

enamel

enamel

"

base,

100

oxide,

uranium

grammes;

40

milligrammes.
No.

enamel

Yellow

milligrammes;

500

These
fritted

2

enamel

"

gold

materials

base,

100

oxide,

cerium

grammes;

variable

a

should

quantity,kaolin 1 gramme.
finelydivided, intimately mixed

be

and

Colored
made
enamel
be
platinum in a muffle.
may
less translucent
or
by cooling slowly,by increasingthe cryolite,
by
Substance.
tage
to advanadding an opaque
Cryolite can be increased
only with those pigments which yield the required colors in
on

metallic

the

state.
DENTAL

No.

PORCELAINS.

1-Silica

Felspar
Clay
Oxide

on

No.

a

100

grammes.

5

color
.

.

.

previously made

mgrs.

400

.

tine and

grind

mgrs
for

utes
min-

two

quartz slal^.

2.-Silica

50

Clay

grammes.

'
-

-

-

-

-

-

Oxide

3

.

Felspar

100

titanium

of

.

.

50

F'elspar

.

Clay
color

.

-

.

grammes.

5

be

quantity to

found

gramme.

ipo grammes.

.

-.-...

"

grammes.
grammes.

j

.

No.3.-Silica

Gold

grammes.
200

titanium

of

materials

the

grammes.

--....

Platinum

Mix

50

grammes.

by experiment.

INSTRUMENTS.

Figure
rod

which

2

extends

surrounded
P. Attached
the

consists

with
to

positionof

tube,

connects

of

a

copper

through
asbestos

and

the "handle
which
the

gas

is

the

A

bowl
hard

B,
rubber

terminates
is the

arm

D

with

end

handle
in

a

the

screw

main

of

A.

E.

a

This

socket

carrying the

regulated by the

burner

the

on

copper
rod is

for the
gas
A

supply.

point

burner

D;

flexible

gas

15

Articles.

Original

blade of
pair of pincers,one
rubber
to fit the
lingual side of the tooth;
piece of hard rubber 1 1, through which passes

Figure

end

3

is

which

of

a

holds

the

tool

T,

FIG

the

is the

instrument

point

T

gas

the

brought

together.

The

jaw

J is

in contact

point T

warmed

to

placed at

with

a

other
copper

bell A.

a

piece

of

contains

R,

rod
Below

a
one

this

u.

similar

D,

burner

the

the

has

III.

FIG.

bell A

other

the

which

the

by

the

the back

enamel

the

one

gas

in

figure2.

To

of

the

and

tooth

use

the

by bringingthe handles
and pressingagainst
at D

16

the

porcelain or
of

Archives

enamel

imbeds

around

exuding
Each

The

In

has

where

to

hard

instrument

the

was

the

improvement
do

to

before

the

ot

the

of

the

this

of

is

there
At

of

use

world
of

They

Bolivia

to

OF

COCAINE.

million

dollars

to

a

in

coca

alkaloid

and

of

leaves

and

of

Goslar
gave

Pure

cocaine.
a

be

an

it,but

lected
neg-

MASS,

in

time, and

to

and

size,shape

tion
atten-

which

gave

it the
the

is in

was
name

first

alkaloid

the

the

the

in

of

that

resemble

existence

and
be

nearly ten
duced.
pro-

tea;

isolate

now

its

to

of

bitter

and

tannic

acid

the

erythroxyline.
thorough investigation

704

of

Peru

Dr.

it

parts

sake

annually

of

of

name

leaves

those

becomes

first to

the

in various

are

to

I quote

continued

colorless,transparent

taste, soluble

from

natives

pounds,
odor

regard

origin,properties

for the

have

in decoction

which

wild

It is affirmed

time.

Gardeke

cocaine

bitterish

and

forty million

or

its

to

prepared

the

among

in

limited, and

cultivated

Conquest

1855

the

1884.]

over

known

grows

demonstrated

made

Nov.

attracting the

very

is

which

largely

the present

Wackenroder
In

cocaine

shrub

the

worth,

leaves.

Nieman

been

general use

they,have a peculiartaste,
astringent.
1853

is

much

very

has

is also

of

leaves

The

In

there

would

Springrfleld, Mass.,

at

present

is not

alkaloid

in

time

employed

much

larger

taken

draw

S.,H0LY0KE,

Society

the

at

there

and

were

the

at

R

enthusiasm, is "Hydrochlorate of Cocaine."

"The

America

leaves.

be

was

such

as

States Dispensatory in regard

uses.

South

with

it should

directed

D.

Dental

Valley

erythroxlinecoca,

of the

D,

in medicine

United

and

different

AR

photograph

important subjects that

most

its

as

the

from

Connecticut

present time

the

cocaine,

MAXFIELD,

A.

GEO.

great deal

a

AR

kind, but

was

engraver

medical

the

connects

points for

so.

BY

One

which

it surrounds

HYDROCHLORATE

[Read

of

arm

which

link

series

rubber.

from

connecting

no

a

the

figure3

properly drawn,
allow for a piece of

pound
gutta-percha com-

extra

edges.

is not

In

this, the

instruments

the

cavities.

shaped

the

Dentistry.

of

talline
crysAlbert
of

the

usually bears

of

ous,
prisms, inodor-

parts of cold

water,

more

Original

in alcohol

soluble

reaction
on

the

at

208"

and
and

a

animals

much

elevates

arterial

and

cardiac

the

and

without

food

liable

instances
The

by

respiratory centres.
by an action upon

In

As

the

Peru

are

the

lower

killed

by

has

been

Bolivia.

the

supply

not

like the

acts

affirms

from

its

that

have

this

been

country

stances
sub-

whole

days

nevertheless
unused

persons

abuse, and

place of
two

he

has

hallucinations,apparently resulting from
in

it

centres

coca

chewing it pass
working, but they

travelling or
evenings. Weddle

both

it

doses

proper

while

unpleasant effects

observers

which

mass

vaso-motor

and

food, but does

coca

melts

fect,
produces a gently excitant efsleep,in these respects resembling
able
support the strength for a consider-

Indians

of

kaline
al-

an

alkaloid

stimulant

this respect also

m

The

sustainingpowers

various

has

it

that

of

the

nerve

of

when

to

of

absence

a

natives

states

to.

freely in the
are

dogs

system.

probably

referred

The

and

indispositionto

in the

nutriment

solution

of cold.

Rabbits

also that it will
coflfee,

time

it

*

pressure

Weddle

an

The

leaving a peculiar numbness

sensation

a

theine.

motor

Dr.

1853

and

eat

taste,

the

immemorially
with

tea

bitterish

by

does

as

through paralysisof

In

in ether.

17

cooling congeals into a transparent
crystalline. This alkaloid acts upon

on

gradually becomes

used

freelyso

tongue, followed
F. and

Articles.

to

known

this

cause.

strongly confirmed
and in Europe, and

b}"
it is

probable that it acts similar to tea and coffee, but much
more
powerfully. In large quantitiesit is said to produce general excitation
of the
creased
circulatory and nervous
imparting insystems,
vigor to the muscles, as well as to the intellect,with
an
indescribable
of
to
satisfaction, amounting sometimes
feeling
a
speciesof delirium, and what is most
singular,if true, this state of
exaltation
or

is asserted

depression."
is very

leaves

according

The

any

to the

by
to

a

two

for

a

great

number

be

followed
of

amount

qualtity.
alkaloid

extent, but
ot

From

its

observers.

by

the

alkaloid

1-100

the

cocaine

made

that

its

the

first

action

feelingsof languor

any

contained

Medical
has not

man

the

was

experiments

not

upon

been

dose

has

with

the
cent,

ber
Novem-

medicinally
been

from

its action
could

in
per

of

used

runs

cumulative.
man

one

Record

physiological action
For

of

4-100

to

is slightand
grains. Its lethal power
Yon
found
that the cocaine
Anrep
long time without producing any notable

concluded
1862

to

small, ranging from

8, I quote: "The
to

not

be

studied
one-sixth

is

not

taken

ulative.
cum-

daily

disturbance,and

he

Schaaff, who

in

cocaine, found

that

18

The

in

large doses
of

cocaine

grains
hours,

then

suffered

hours.

from

The

is

not

a

notice

the

to

brought

letter from

beer.

took

about

twenty-two

He

showed

twenty-four
his mind

and

that

to

and

men,

caine
co-

in

that

is immediate."

cocaine

as

local

a

medical

the

for

instructive,as showing

poisonous drug

action
of

aneuria

disturbance,

no

is

case

veiy

of

and

anaesthetic

profession

the

at

first

was

Opthalmo-

Heidelberg, Germany, last September, and was
of the
the notice
profession in this country by a
tober
Record
of OcNoyes which appeared in the Medical

to

Dr.

at

Various

11.

of

action

hydrochlorate

in the

observers

j^asthad

propertiesthat wpuld

contained

cocaine

thought.

druggistwho

a

glass

a

its narcotic

logicalCongress
first

case

This

probably

brought

of

of

vertigo,feebleness

heart's

large doses
The

co-ordination

of

disordered.

not

was

ances
disturb-

slept quietly for some
awoke
with powerful abdominal
gripings,burning and
He
vomited
the mouth, and thirst.
liquid drank.
any

of

dryness

in

Dentistry.

of

vertigo,lasbitude,slight deafness,

and

reports the

of

He

it caused

memory

"Ploss

Archives

the

local

produce

that

fact

aniesthesia,

generally overlooked.
notable
feature
Dr. Noyes' letter I quote the following: "A
From
of this society is that only new
things or new
phases of old topics
notable
was
presented
thing which
are
presented,and the most
of
the
the
the exhibition
to
one
patients of
was
Congress upon
this

until

but

Clinic

Heidelberg Eye

the

which

of

drops
evident
then

experiment,
drops

there

longer

the

upon

and

bulbi
in various
that

he

was

the

muriate

cocaine

of

interval

an

absence

until

its
of

of

has

was

waiting

was

normal;

ten

minutes

was
was

bulbi

and

of

to

it

the

it

introduced

was

patient at

minutes

below

the
Two

eye.

the

ten

was

power

upon

indented,

conjunctiva

speculum

the

a probe
sensibility,

surface
the

of

after

instilled,and

entire

cornea

pressed
rubbed
the

separate

junctiva
con-

the

The

conjunctiva
seized by the fixation
globe moved
forceps
was
In
all this handling the patient declared
directions.
the
that
felt no
speculum
except
unpleasant sensation

they

stretched
at

anaesthetic

extraordinary

of

after

were

more

the surface
lightlyover
palpebrarum, a
lids and

the

sensitiveness of the surface

the

that

two

of

been

it is dro^jped into
conjunctiva when
solution
were
dropped into the eye of

the

first

fact

solution

cent

per

and

cornea

the

two

a

this

time,

had

noted

outer

stretched

were

to

apart

the

uttermost.

and

the

lids

so

canthus.

widely
Before

give
experiment his

asunder
his

as

to

the

a

litle

eye

was

discomfort
shown

to

The

20

be

may

Archives

There

used.

is

where
this

had

he

to

successful
the

remove

he used

pain attending the application."

no

8, he reports its

Dentistry.

of

in

use

whole

five

ball it

eye

and

cases

not

was

a

in

one

In

success.

drops,thinking that by a freer use
anaesthetic
effect might go deeper. There
was
some
benumbing
sufiicient
the
warrant
not
to
to
operation,so had
yet
case

old-fashioned

it in the

Surgeon,

New

York

"Should

says:

I have

unsurpassed by
and

medicine
In

ogy."

members

parts of the
he

pain

soft

or

palate,held
long

as

powdered
the

on

he

results.
the

I

I could

pass

and

ports
re-

of

some
use

the
nine

on

applied it to different
In its applicationto the

former

numb.

later

numb.

the

observations
and

sprayed

that

brushed

instruments

it

over

the
my

out
with-

other

half

the

of

same

the

way

tongue

it

salt and

common

placed

on

Then

insensible

the

on

the

I

repeated the

ipulation,
man-

ponding
right side of tongue and corresnot
touching was
perceived, but

the

side.

minutes

seven

Gentle

other

I put in the
of

it. In

endure

minutes

sugar

quinia was

of

subject and

its successful

himself

the

branches

I brushed

neighborhood

when

himself

on

reports

on

same

in

as

this

on

paper

drug

also

minutes

I could

when

case

the

important

the

ophthalmology-

in other

use

and

opthalmolH. Knapp,
25, Dr. W.
Department,University of the

able

very

in

era

move
re-

Assistant
cases

with

fluence,
in-

October

Medical

confirm

can

Its

two

meet

an

as

of

palate become

lipsfelt

to

a

Minor,

the

four
a
phenomena, retching,etc.
per
the right half of my
over
tongue from the tip to the
the tongue
depressed with my
finger and immovable

five

quite well

others

reflex

solution

cent

as

"I

palate; in ten

soft

almost

Record

experimenting
body and noted

says:

and

tongue

Medical

York, had

In

patients.

of

times.

be

may

experiments with
of his family and

his

mouth

in modern

L.

Infirmary,reports

hands

Ophthalmology,

New

of

City

in the

surgery

of

Professor

Ear

James

attained, it will mark

any

the

Dr.

way.

and

Eye

cocaine

that

success

twenty

some

vember
No-

I put

with

fine

a

brush

some

successively from the tip
not
palate. It was
perceived, whereas
the
on
corresponding places of the
at

was
a

parts

once

one

tongue.

per

tasted; the
solution

cent

In half

same

an

of
all

hour

was

the

sulphate of
normal

was

cocaine
temporarily and locally destroys not
again. Conclusion:
of the tongue and pharynx, but also the faculty
only the sensibility
of taste."
In the

Medical

experiments

with

Record
this

oi

drug

November
in

1, Dr.

gynecology,

W.

and

M.
one

Polk
of

reports
his

cases

to

of

laceration

doiable

was

tissue
He
four

from

each

says:

"The

parts

solution

the

adjacent vaginal

repeated twice,

was

intervals

at

about

twenty

washed

two

continued

was

This

and

last

patient three

blood.

This

operation performed

under

from

them

preferredjthatwith
this

ether

ether,

and

years

without,

plication
ap-

lapse

the

ation
oper-

further

cut

surf

ago

had

pain.

freeing
aces,first
had

which

asked

was

this last

or

minutes

without

the

directlyto

the

require another

to

as

three

In

of

felt till the

was

acute

so

completed

soon

made

applicationwas

was

pain

This

minutes, making

minutes

three

and

canal

brush.

three

to

cicatricial

in the

camel's-hair

a

cocaine.

of

cervix

the

over

of

it

minutes,then

the solution

applicationof

the

same

method

she

promptly replied,

she

last."
E. S. Peck

Dr.

drug,
this

operation of its kind.
and
carefully dried, a

with

walls

operation

elaborate

applicationsof the drug. Within
the operation was
begun. No

three

of

was

in the

of extensive

an

painted

cent

sides

both

on

removal

well

-were

per

over

it

angle,making

consumed

time

vaginaljunction and the
It required the
forty minutes.

cervical

was

extending

uteri

cervix

the

21

Articles.

Original

of

York

New

time,

while

received

a

wound

of

of

this

mention

at

uses

properties.

A

er
laborthe

lid, cutting through

lower

the

three
deserves

one

its anaesthetic

all corroborate

clean

the

clinical,only

physiological,two

one

"Of

says:

junctiva
integument. A stitch in the conconjunctiva,tarsal margin and
taken
six
after
and two
in the integument of the lid were
utes.
instillations
of a four per cent
solution, covering twenty-fivemin-

experienced

Patient

needles,
been

and

that

sensation

the

pressed against the parts

Better

than

results

the

Assistant

Bradford,
Ear

stated

He

also

by using

experiments
a

stronger

the

conjunctiva
neaj

rfot

He

made

of

the

becoming

globe

almost

that

the

offered

a

something

rapid.

Eye

or

had

eyes.

time.

He

end

of

the

of

the

found
than
fourth

only

result,and

reports:

he

one

thus

W.
and

tions,
opera-

found

He

greater resistance

as

Henry

various

of

cases,

instillations

He

Dr.

eight per cent,

an

till the

anjcsthesia
was

forceps

Charitable

own

short

very

between

immediate

absorption

his

upon

a

if

as

Massachusetts

anaesthetic

intervals

with

in

the

reported by

are

solution, namely

anaesthesia

was

reports eleven

made

from

involved."

above

Surgeon,

Infirmary, Boston.

either

pain

no

could
that
the

that
complish
ac-

the
cor-

minute.

minute,
showed

22

The

One

of

case

Aechives

Dentistry.

of

Minute.

"

Iridectomy,operation performed during

the

-

6th.

5th and

6th.

4th, 5th and

6th.

-

Strabismus,
Cataract,

Foreign body removed,
From
the foregoing it will
these

perform

is

cocaine
it

The

6

"Uj)

says:

been

made, and
has

possible to

hours.

be

a

reported,and

it is

from

possibleto

the

time

the

terferen
requiring long operative inpracticalapplication,from the fact that he

no

cases

continued

a

Medical

this time

to

that

says,
minutes

seven

in

maintain

Boston

he

seen,

operations within

first installation

found

2d.

and

backs

used

in

the

to

for

Jotirncd

Surgical

draw

it has been

anaesthesia
of

of

use

several

November

cocaine

have

variety of operations with
results so uniform
to justifythe
that it is an
statement
as
fied
unqualiform
producing local antesthesia so complete that no
success,
of contact
is perceived, the mind
and
muscular
being left
power
that in all cases
remember
we
unimpaired. When
reported up to
this time
this result has been
attained
without
rimental
unpleasant or detafter effects,and with no element
of danger, we
can
fully
of those members
of the profession who
appreciatethe euthusiam
have
occasion
of this valuable
to make
use
discovery.
It would
merit
trial
of the dental
to
at the hands
seem
a thorough
profession,for example in the way of application during excavation,
for there
in this
A
to

is pvery

direction,especiallywith

and

learn

to

What

draw

secure

be

cannot

that

success

exposed

be

may

tained
at-

nerves.

limitation
good is quite sure to have some
with powerful remedial
are
obliged to
agents we
the
the
toxic
effects.
therapeutic, and avoid

thing powerful

its use,

believe

to

reason

a

back

for

the

to

foreseen, that

use

of

cocaine
should

none

the
be

will

future

found

develop

is too

much

to

expect."
Dr.

W.

Moore

O.

principles

says:

contained

"It is
in

interestingto

coffee,

tea

and

that

-note

chocolate

identical
in chemical
generally in use, are almost
and similar in physiologicalaction
to
cocaine, and
us

to

anaesthetic

find

those

the
of

either

properties

if so, it would
From

in

Dr.

be

much

theine, caffeine,

similar

to

cheaper
experiments already
Knapp in the mouth

and

and

this

fact

or

of

the

may
local

coca

plant;

readily obtained."

more

made

beverages

theobromine

alkaloid

the

tral
neu-

composition

so

lead

the

with
of

this
Dr.

drug, especially

Polk

in

gynecolo-

Original

gy,

have

we

remedy
to

j-eport any

obtain

tind any

to

in dental

practice.

trials of

the

word

but

some,

in this

country,

dentine

active

an

circulation

solution

strong

might

find the

What

has

placed

on

an

removal

to

be

As

its

use

the

to

alveolus

sensitiveness

most

accomplished

arsenic

from

exposed pulp it should so
a painless operation.
in extractingteeth, I doubt

benumb

and

can

exert

influence

an

painless)yet

It will doubtless
alveolar
It will also
rubber

on

of

we

overcome.

leads

to

us

lieve
be-

practice,for

our

it

to

as

allow

its

ability to penetrate
the pericementum
ing
(rendergreatly mitigate the pain of

it may

prove

of

its

treatingpyorrhea

in

use

sensible
in-

gum

olaris,
are-

absce^^s,etc.
be

useful

apply

to

dam.

Probably
generally will have
with

hours,

few

part of the' operation by rendering the

severe

is not

drops

few

a

cocaine

with

for

there

as

a

to

in

obtunder

somewhat

dentine

the

usefulness

pain

for

cavity

a

able

ceived
regrain was
made
having

a

its

a

be

to

impossible

Not

Possibly, if

in

banish

cents

uable
val-

a

I tried

was

doubtful,

is

teeth.

of

be

to

above

up

it

determine

to

not

October

made.

wei'e

prove

the

sealed

were

the extraction
the

in

already been
by its use we

that
if

it will

much

that

me

eighty

that

will prove

of

last

to

unable

are

suggested

as

The

sales that

experiments with it we
our
practice. Whether

cocaine

I regret very

returned
and

23

that

drug.

was

for the last few

sensitive

believe

to

reason

every

Articles.

before

before

gums

meeting

drug, and

this

tested

the

next

our

certaintywhat

more

to

its value

we

and

the

placing the
dental profession

will be able

utility are

to

in

port
reour

practice.

AN
BY

DR.

A.

M.

[Delivered

Gentlemen
an

that

are

to

and

some

as

chair

this
generalities,"

the

have

will

address

the

gentlemen
pretty
must

be

CHICOPEE,
Society,

Oct.

MASS.

13, 1884.]

as
Society:Inasmuch
regular proceedings of this
the topics
properly embrace

Valley

considered

extent

inasmuch

this honorable

address

that

as

Dental

Valley

is part of the

address

and

PRESIDENT,

Connecticut

Connecticut

of the

historical

meeting,

the

before

RETIRING

THE

ROSS,

ADDRESS-

well

Dental

material
who

have

canvassed

short.

for

the

annual

dress,
ad-

in
preceded me
the
"glittering

24

The

If my

few

remarks

If
the

I

at

pair

of these

onfc

is not

to

that

me,

it is

quite instructive

short

individual

of bai-s.

focus

time

the

and

in

to

the

less active
We

be

history,a
members

bring

has

be

mind

to

in the

a

that

work,

society since
view

that

if

its

it, and

made

to-day,some,
down

as

In

casting

twenty-one

they
the

in

are

man

on

1. Reference

delivered

period

of

of

our

one

who

had

arisen

plain

the

with

meeting
its

to

of the

a

it upon
this

to

never

proper
one

us

a

or

is

mind

more

ety
bit of soci-

choice

birth, which
which

and

will

number,

so

been

honored

an

We

capable

selected

to

doubt

no

sion
profes-

our

years.

older

the

to

advancement

twenty-one

be

to

are

of and

ted
interes-

member

of

this

prepare

and

sent
pre-

all

of

the

his

the

auditors

to

organize

professional
would

me

of

status

have

set

him

to

sider
con-

Verne.
as

years

shady

society,the thought occurs
in
the meeting called
to

his hearers

to

of them

to the
at

has

of this

age

retrospect
the

this

at

of Jules

up

that

us;

advancement

of

comparative faculty of

land-marks

perhaps

sort

a

to

address.^

prophet

had

using

eye,

To

state

a

as

you,

the

upon

organization, was

of the

a

may

reaching back

one

this historical
In

[the mind's
require,is useful

valuable
particularly

in

congratulated

to

occurs

us.

many

made

often

glance with

the

treated

review

will

doubt

Meditation

little.

a

progressive man.

because

in all of

to

are

meditate

no

conditions; either

present

difficultybrings
rest
to
myself

profession itself, is
if our
the
at
us
indulgence is made
to reveal
to
right spirit. For it is sure

dropping behind,
or

It

of my

out

indulge in
relation
our
professionalexperiences,

to

selves,our

benefit

of two

ety.
soci-

this

history of

finally conclude

occasion

as

profession of dentistry,
or
without

I

backward

a

long

or

I take

the future.

the

our

modern

or

stopping places and

alw^ays upon

it does

direction

every

against a

up

ancient

to

am

fact,almost

me

the

follow
speak upon
professional subjects I must
established
by precedence and treat them untechnically.

rule

In

to
veral
seuninteresting it will be owing
infringe upon the privelege of another, I

of either

treat

Dentistry.

of

prove

I cannot

causes:

cannot

Archives

they

enough
but

side

historical

banquet.

of

few,

roll

along

for most

we

are

purposes

least,if

they seem
thirty,they probably

address

at

by

Dr.

L. D.

apt
in

prospect;
but

seem

Shepard,

few

to

fewer

of

ton,
Bos-

the

to

of

one

sixty

pleased to-day if
truthful
the

next

There

end

and

of

foremost

that

are

the

that

important
be

been

from

we

who

could

make

a

will

make

during

us

as

harnessed

to

that

The

desired.

its translucent

thoroughness

the

ready
aleven

and*

within

yond;
be-

view, truths

from

shall

of

has

admit

to

lie

that

which

limit

the

bright light

a

yet hidden

are

cal
histologi-

and

give greater

calling.
in
fully appreciate what the years
profession, let us glance at the most
that
is closing. Lightening
the year

a

another
an

in

as

seems

in

reached

which

rewards

it

our

of
to

had

we

the

to

further

much

ready
right

who,

brethren

almost

and

more

may

achievements

be

be

sufficientlyopen

swung

revealed

now

if

as

after the

do for

illuminated
to

yet

significanceto

aggregate

has

be

to

yet

order

not

livingtruths

the

still greater
In

advance

to

gate through

searcher

after

all

dentistry

researches

our

the

has

us

professional

our

pathologicalresearch;

come

with

one

advancement

hardly possible

possibility. But
the

some

would

we

many,

means
inadequateness of our
prosthetic dentistry, to whom

the

minuteness

or

years.

operative and

were

and

was

of

many
admit

to

in

if it

twenty-one
are

enough

of the

forecast

Few

years.

there

25

Articles.

Original

extent

that

opaque

root

neighbor

tha

to

use

with

the

aid

little

but

leaves
can

The

dentist.

be

mouth
in

can

that

spect
re-

easily distinguished

of the

incandescent

arc

of

platinum.
An
of tillingteeth with
gold has been
improvement in methods
gin.
oriis not of recent
introduced
during the year, though the method
This method
mation
promises equally good if not superiorapproxiof

gold

required of the
by other methods.
A

the

comparatively

profession,

new

that

one

the

operations upon
first

cavity walls, and less time and less strain are
than is required
operator in performing the work

to

has

been

throat.

of the

knowledge

anesthetic

local

used

It is the

is

now

in Vienna

for

hydrochlorate

applicationof

medical

interestingthe

cocaine

about

a

year

of cocaine.
in

the

eye

in

The
was

covery
made
the diswho
by Dr. Roller of Vienna
of Albany
about September 1, of this year. Dr. C. S. Merrill
In a clinic rethe eye.
cently
has successfullyused it in operations upon
College he
given before the students at the Albany Medical
operated upon an eye for closure of the ear passage. Eight drops of a
of the hydrochlorate were
two
dropped into the eye,
per cent.solution

obtained

from

a

paper

26

The

minutes

ten

and

Aechives

after the organ

Dentistry.

of

found

was

be

to

anesthetized

thoroughly

without

grasped by the forceps and anything but tenderly handled
abolished
in ten
was
producing any pain. Where
sensibility

minutes

it was

was

this

is

drug

rare

leaves

found

bi-ingit

to

estimated
I would
that

by

time

some

into

as

absolute

attention

reduction

demonstratod

value

interest

some

Dr.

to

Miller

results

caries.

He

shown

danger

direet

given

The

a

few

direction
in

the

It

been
plies,
im-

name

fact is of greater

The
of

has

their

of that

importance

the

teeth

of

cannot

subjects

are

of

the

the

mouth

of

the
such

has

as

proper

for the

faith

pride

in

in

not

It

that

is,he

in

is in

imparting

a.

him.

the

of

results
or

from

human

year,

and

it proves

persistent effort

of

palm
German

the

proves

should

among

perly
by impro-

fluid

yield the

possess

one

has

lesson.

own

to

the

in

older

opinion

fingerability.
operations,

mere

his surgical and

this

is

germs

culture

He

And

terrible

rewards

need

we

dentists

pride

The

their

the

as

research.

American

disease

accomplishments

that

"

of

the

carry

cultures.

animals.

dental

of

fungi

experiments

instruments.
with

the

pure

lower

profession

the

given

upon

producing

wpon

animals

scientific

sufficient

year,one

theory*the

a

fact.

than

year

these

"

but, right and

a

these

things

dentist

reason

of

of

that

erroneous

take

of

more

experiments
in

operating

other

countries

during

has

succeeded

from

are

among

of

j^erverted
physiology

a

taught us by
patientsof inocculation

our

of the

now

more

lessons

to

These

the

basis

are

And

is

something accomplished

as

a

on

as

this time

at

pound.

a

so

plants that

complete apprehension of this
information
the physiology of the
upon
a

valuable

inocculation

saliva

any

and

some

cleansed
the

that

effects

few

a

fuller

other

us.

has

the

a

of Berlin
of

is

demonstration

odontoblasts

overestimated; for, with

not

pride

in

builders,and the determination

subject,will come
developed tooth,

the alkaloid

great achievement

It is the

theory

S6,T20

the

to

cocoa

materiallyreduced

so

or

of

expense

quantity of

that its cost

say

ounce,

the

take

be

profession than is yet realized.
knowledge concerning the development

exact

the

an

to

of that

that the

dentine

The

immense

can

I may

$420

members.

our

the

its cost

use.

society can

a

of

one

be

rateof

call your

we

before

general

the

at

hour.

an
ha^lf

a small
yield even
quantity of
the yields of the alkaloids
of

disproportionateto
it will be

in

restored

considerable, and

to

necessary

be

to

mechanical
have
I

information

a

often
to

greater pride in
ask

myself

if I

my

patientsre-

28

The

Archives

zation; that the work
a

smaller

its

per

behalf

when

and

the

they

interest

a

smaller.

society was

mentioned

are

in and

performed by the members
the membership than that

of

cent

Dentistry.

of

with
the

on

purpose

the

to-day falls
which

These

facts

that

hope

upon

labored

they

part of the younger

in

cant,
signifi-

are

arouse

may
members

to

out.

come

We

believe
of

the

truth, and

the
with

"that

advancement

that

the

of

insures

knowledge

extension

of

object of all rational beings." We
a broader
acquirement of knowledge comes

life and

a

One

whom
for

consequent

believe

we

as

in

purpose

brother, and

a

us

and

some

years,

all its derivatives

has

been

as

a

father

the

apostle of
and

sustenance

maintenance

that
will

years

A

tissues,with

the

and

involution

of

bodies

all the

characteristics,

human

of

inance
sub-dom-

and

predominence

revelation

destruction

that

and

evolution,

depend

for their

food."

upon

Whether
one

in

never

mineral, vegetable,animal

of
will be

has

who

move
spared the lash or knife to redevelopments of a perverted physiology wherever
found, has
said:
"He
who
of the
adequately presents us with the statement
breath
becomes
the cognizableblood
by which the unseen
processes

to

who

that

ability.

greater

all love

umph
tri-

tion,
is,by its defini-

reason

necessary

the

the

apostle lives

or

shall

live,perhaps the

next

twenty-

decide.

Distressing

"How

is your

"Bad!

This

Malady.

It

"

was

doesn't

Cass-avenue

asked

newreology?"
weather

a

one

improve

it

car.

any,"

was

another.

of

passenger

the

ent
despond-

answer.

"Talking

of

next

him," I

It's

as

"I

good

tell by

can
as

a

had

never

another

newraology."
mine

man

a

when

the

in the

is

weather

going

to

one

change.

but

and

once,

I

then

nearly died,"

said

pasenger.

that

word?"

Yes; and

how

many

remarked
I have

even

different
a

lady

heard

to

there

ways
her

are

say.

We

get

out

here."

it called

"

Detroit

of

cing
pronoun-

friend.

neuralgia," said

friend.
dare

the

to

corner

barometer."

neuralgy

Isn't it strange

"

said

Free

JPress.

the

SOCIETIES.

DENTAL

THE

at

not

The

Society,with

inner

man

Dr.

A.

satisfied

was

following toasts:
Koch, Chicago;

from

down

sat

guests,

bountiful

the

W.

Atkinson, New

H.

Norman

by

response
Hunter

Came

from
"The

City, Iowa;

Spalding,

West,"

the

by

response

Mr.

Chicago;

Bingham,

S. R.

spread, the

dent,
Presi-

m.

order

and

gave

by
by

Dr.

C.

to

W.

Dr.

of

N.

Geo.

L. Field

York; W.
and

McKellops, A. H.
Hunt, Iowa
City; H.

J.

St.

abroad

from

and

Fuller

Paul, Minn.;

Barrett

"The

V.

G.

Mighty

a

G.

W.
and

A.

Black,

of

Dentist

G.

Bowman,

the

ry
"Dentist111.

Atkinson

H.

C.

St.

Minneapolis, Minn.;

Reid,

by

Hunt, Iowa

O.

Detroit; C. W.

C. Moore,

E.

M.

Drs.

were

C.

by
Dr.

ry,"
Dentist-

Future," response
by Dr. J. A. Robinson, Jackson, Mich;
in Illinois,"response
by Dr. G. V. Black, Jacksonville

Among the guests
W.
Kingsley, New

E.

C. Barrett,,

American

A.

R.

response

Louis; "And
Dr.

the

Association," response
by Dr.
Outside
of the
Profession,"

Friends

Crouse, Chicago; "Our

J. N.

St.

by

response

Dental

American

after

p.

Profession,"

York; "Pioneers

C. W.

Dr.

dinner

Ladies," response

"The

York;

Kingsley, New

W.

to

Literature," response

"Dental

last

and

8

at

Guests," responded

''Our

the

towards

previously given.

those

Buffalo, N. Y,; "Dentistry a Liberal
Dr.

and

members,

Hai-lan, called the meeting

W.

great deal

a

Hotel, Tuesday evening, December

than

invited

done

years

its

of

Leland

the

less successful

was

the

side

social

bi'ingingout the
which
was
given
9,

in the past few

Society has

CHICAGO

THE

SOCIETY.

DENTAL
This

OF

DINNER

ANNUAL

FIFTH

29

Societies.

Dental.

and

falo*
Daboll, Buf-

Spalding, H.
Louis; A. O.
C.

H.

Jacksonville, 111.,and

rich,
GoodJ.

A.

Robinson, Jackson, Michigan.
The

visitingmembers

the dinner

members,
and

beef

committee, the
and

in company

packing

taken
profession were
officers of the Society and

of

the

visited

establishments

the

apd

Union
other

Stock

in

several

Yards

places

charge by

of

and

of

the

pork

interest

in

The

30

and

around

made

the

addresses
much
Club

by

one

on
one

Archives

Several

city.

Dentistry.

of

of

class of

the

visitors

clinics

gave

and

gery,
SurChicago College of Dental
met
to their delight. They were
again feted at the CaluWednesday
evening by Dr. J. N. Crouse, after which
their
and
tents
they quietly "folded
silently stole
the

to

the

away."
It
the

was

occasion

an

Society was

notables

long

gratified at

should

forsake

remembered

be

to

and

the

thought that such
and come
daily avocations

their

distant

points to honor their board
Chicago, December
13, 1884.
^'

by

an

of

array

such

from

presence.
X.

"

*

their

of

member

every

"

MISCELLANY.

THE

CHEMISTRY

OF

BREAD.

condensed,are from
following extractSjSlightly

The

Mattieu
by W.
Knowledge. Speaking of

Williams,

British

the

to

article

an

tributed
con-

periodical,
he

particularly alum,

adulterants,

says:

according

"bakers'

bread; but
There
the

is the

sack

of flour.

exceeded, it

always be boiled

shall

not

tub," then

with

mixed

two

quantityof patent yeast,
have
a

is left to

mixture

The

seive,

water,
The
common

to

etc.

stuff

the

separate
The
or

salt.

baker

rocky
The

three

consists

the
in

four

or

twelve

of

buy

with

improving

one

this

complex.

the

part of alum
at

2d.

per

bears

peck

one

three

regarded

per
as

assist

to

a

mentation.
fer-

peck

of potatoes

the

"seasoningthe

water,

same

of

flour.

hours, when

it will

pounds

After

skins, it is mixed
it for

made
home-

which

is used

or

ferment.

a

uses

bakers

or

of

(about

be

not

can

quarts of

three

for six

is called

what

become

so

skins, mashed

and

stand

small

prescribe that

in their

added

more

another

potato flour

The

milk

fruit is potatoes,

The

if

instructions

The

and

propoi'tion is

adulteration.

fraudulent

"fruit"

as

or

ingredients

commonly

This

by weight) that,

cent,

the

is

"rocky".

or

little sugar

a

are

bread"

known

material

of "stuff"

name

the

to

"|-ndcustom,

taste

to

yeast, with

and

salt

Flour, water,

straining through
the

sack

of

flour,

bread.
to

three

pound,

parts of

and

they

Miscellany.

31

They buy it for immediate
use,
the premises.
on
being subject to a heavy tine if they keep alum
The
to each
ordinarilyused is eight ounces
quantity of the mixture
sack of flour is (vrith
sack of flour weighing 280
pounds. As one
into eighty loaves
weighing four pounds each, the
water) made
believe

it to be

quantity of
of

an

in

alum

is

of

pound

one

rationale

The

ounce.

alum.

ground

chemical

bread

of

action

the

That

puzzle.

amounts

it has

quantity
appreciable effect
is unquestionable,

alum

in

bread
of the
improving the appearance
it may
actuallyimprove the quality of bread

and

part

of this small

of

a

60th

1-1

to

an

made

ferior
in-

from

flour.
It appears
bread.

the

there

In

that

were

digestibleas

the

this

subject(itstill
science)is that a
be

made

over-dressed

than
whole

meal

white

bread,

In

of

and

I

think,

by

inner

the

to

in

middle

dressed

moderately

undressed

or

seconds

Such
consumers

are

make

we

flour

does

unwise

in

our

bread,

own

flour,the

baker's

at

made

in

of wheaten

they

darker
a

is

in color

own

that

in

bakers

than

call

than

kitchen.

the

"home

made"

or

When

it

their

is

two

or

a

but
has

is
the

customers

I may
it

great

"farm

bought

identical

or

say,

lacks

however,

are,

doing

now

unsifted

occasionally,

flavor,

There

that

but

loaf

in

ordinary bread,
I find

i. e.,

home-made,

inferior

are

flour rather

coiTcsponding

sweetness.

higher price,and
my

with

whiter

correspondingly

what

supplying
It is

bread

certain

tionably
unques-

and

fairly produce
demanding whiteness.

that,

find

this,as

tators,
agi-

not

I

to

would

"thirds"

baker.

characteristics

action.
re-

meal

"seconds";

or

the

colorless, and

whole

the

that it is not,

show

ordinary supply, a

from

extreme

an

flour, they

exceeds

the

plies
sup-

by its whiteness
judging
much
the
mischief, against which

demand

when

who

produce
undigested particles may
intestinal
canal.
the
My
opinion on
in the region of opinion rather
than
is the right one, viz., that bread
course

remains

household

my

vender

of the

"firsts"

flour.

impossible

of bread

is easy

passage

irritation

mischievous

should

it

adulteration,

demands
or

is demanded

which

right,but

manufacturer

whitens

alum

of

cases

who

buyer

meal', is,

"whole

husk,

as

cases

The
led to

has

agitationfor

some

the

the

demand.

If the

of

and

other

many
"

foolish

be

so

guilty parties

mistake

recent

in

as

quantity of

this small

fact that

appearances,

the
a

a

this,

two

are

unnatural

is

be

to

the

tions
excep-

business

house"
sold

in

bread.
less
neverthe-

flavor
become

of bread
more

*

32

The

Archives

all the bakers
will
intelligent,
of buying bleaching material.
article

The
bread:

The

enough,

but

closes

with

difference
the

doubtless

the

of

incur

to

cease

the

following suggestions

between

nature

Dentistry.

of

and

new

stale

difference

the

is

about

means

no

stale

is familiar

bread

by

expense

so

monly
com-

It is

generally supposed to bt- a simple result
of mere
easily
drying. That this is not a true explanation maybe
who
proved by repeating the experiments of Boussingault,
placed
for
stale loaf (sixdays old) in an
an
hour,
oven
a very
during
understood.

which

it was,

time
it

of course,

out

came

as

a

loaf.

new

becoming
days, while
weight by drying, and

that

half

per

it lost

and

three

moist.

more

he

repeated
piece

same

one

By using

in

cent,

experiment

of

bread, making

found

only

the

during

that

one

times

it

in

the

of

ently
appar-

an

succession

alternately stale

oven

and

new,

instead

in

the

of its

cent,

per

becoming

theless,
never-

during

hour

one

air-tightcase

an

several

the

He

it lost

stale,

six

dried; but,

further

being

oven,

the

on

and

each

new

time.
For
130"

and

frequently

neglected and

crust, in

the

This

necessary

piece

of

of

that

limbs

right leg

of

hot

moderately heated;
rolls for

the

with

rolls
it

long
improved

are

into

whole

stale

been

have

crusts

a

breakfast,

treating

Bousingault, by

experimenting

was

longer than

Surgeons

the

loaf

oven.

or

thick

a

which

is claimed

knowing
than
in

of the

the left.

a

that

instances;

their^surroundings,
with

the

circle, as

skeletons

shorter

people

referred

one,

do
to

left

will,

this

make
and
when

the

examined,

he

were

It

Nature,

in

states

equal in length in only seven
longer in twenty-fivecases, and the

without

In most

of

skeletons

authenticated

longer with one limb
to
produce traveling
woods.

but

Bousingault hot
before
putting

Royal College

well

instances.

walking

la

When

water

in

of the

seventy

lower

eight

a

be

stale bread.

Member

A

the

not

fond

am

manner.

thin, the

are

by dipping
is

I

them

have

in this

bread-crusts

should

oven

sufficient.

is

150"

to

the

experiment

this

thirty-

in
in

persons

their

step

thereby
lost

right

the

arm

tend

in the
was

Journalistic.

33

JOURNALISTIC.
'Seadingmaketh

Hydeochlorate

Clinical

Record

G. W.

in dental

best method

little dilute

of

brush

a

small

Repeat

this

will be

found

the
on

alcohol

once

that

the

fresh

^

Cocaine

chloridi

Spiritusmenthae

with

experiences

from

alveolaris
then
a

is

a

York, is of the
the

of

the

apply by

ten

of

roots

in

the

marked

a

numbness
the

the

five

and

to

the

teeth

hair

cocaine.

minutes

diminution

sides

of

in

with

camel's

of

of

course

in

the gums

solution

cent,

per

the

of

means

opinion

cocaine

is to first "wash

sensibilityof the gum corresponding
which
made.
the applicationwas
following formula

657, under

page

hydrochlorate

tartar

of

there

The

1884,

13,

several

twice, Avhen

or

man;

Dentistry.

December

using

and

quantity

ready

surgery.

operation of scaling the
(Riggs' disease)pyorrhea
a

a

man."

D., D. D. S., of New

M.

Weld,

the

that

of

conference,
exact

an

in

contains

Department,

anaesthetic

new

writing,

Cocaine

of

Medical

The

full man;

a

and

it
in

the

teeth

is recommended:

(Merck)
piperitse

-

-

-

-

-

"An

exposed n6rve-pulp was treated
partiallyextirpated,without
causing

-

with

5 i.

-

the

above

pain

any

gr, vi.

.

to

solution,and

the

patient. In
tilling,
Aglycer-

extremely sensitive tooth for
ite,ninety per cent in stre'ngth(made by dissolvingMerck's
crystals
in glycerine)was
allowed
in the cavity for a period of
to remain
On
thirty minutes.
renewing the operation the patient stated
that the pain was
The
same
materially deadened.
expei'iment was
tried with
the borate of cocaine
similar
(Foucar's crystals) and
results apparently obtained, but the paste was
permitted to remain
the

preparation of

in the
Dr.

cavity
C. H.
of

tooth.

The

of

an

the

Shears

tooth
says:

teeth, and

for twenty -four
iised

"I have

in each

preparation used

the

case
was

a

two

hours."

cocaine

twice

operation
per

cent,

was

in
for

solution.

the
a

traction
ex-

single
In

the

34

The

first

the

case

and

Archines

tooth

exquisitelytender

was

closelyadherent

so

Dentistry.

or

the

to

tooth

that

and

it

the

was

inflamed,

gum

incise

to

necessary

it.
"After

into

dipped
brushed

the

across

few

a

minutes, making

later

the

tooth

was

without

first and
additional
few

a

of

After

tooth

extracted

was

second
in

the

instilled

were

few

pain

at

No

minutes

Dr.

W.

better

P.

The

from

it,and

his

who

and

been

of

the

sensitive

a

without

the

Howe,

than

in

vital

a

obtained
of

were

of

New

York,

this

for whom

Perry

"Second,
as

in which

three

professional
Payne, of New

T.

four

and

ten

sensitive

upon

results

per
tine
den-

are

in which

almost

marized
sum-

complete

while

was

obtained

remarkable
learn

instances
with

wet

when

on

and

me

in which
the

by drying
a

variations
about

called

told

two

than
The

in

me

loss

effect

written.

has

ever

of

was

done

was

in several

strong hope that

to

cle
arti-

an

produced, and the removal
livingpulps without pain by Dr. Perry is 'no less remarkable
have
been
performed on the eye.
any of the operations that
Dr.

utes
min-

few

contains

The

pulps.

instances

many

in dentine

sensitiveness

what

four

follows:

"First, there

lady

a

pain."

cocaine

of

orate

tooth,

Cosmos

Dental

Morgan

hydrochl
extirpationof

for the
as

much

blood

incision,

pain

has

experiences and that of
Perry, C. F. Ives, and E.
testingthe effects of two,

own

of

"after

cavity of
dental
engine

Dr. J.

of

have

solutions

cent,

the

S. G.

friends,Drs.

the

two

repeated

the

seemingly
insertinga few drops

the

number

pen

relates

York,

into

used

the

that

says

December

from
he

He

solution

later he

jr.,of Cleveland, O.,

Horton,

results.

cent,

per

tive

the

to

with

incision

attended

have

first case."

the

of

The

all.

manner,

into

tooth

of about

similar

pain
considerably less

with

the

was

it could

was

same

the

of

A

than

case

brush

intervals

no

pain

cleansing

minutes.

three

after about
the

The

solution

the

almost

little less

applied

was

applications.

drops

once,

and

solution

the

with

with

hair

side

was

anaesthetic.

the

either

on

gum

used

was

extracted

then

camel's

repeated at
applicationsin all.

three

lancet

gum

the
This

times.

small

a

gum,

solution, and

three

been

the

carefullydrying

reliable

dentine

solution, almost
the

seemed

as

complete
I

cavity thoroughly.

stronger solution

in results

this wonderful

the

will

drug.

can

disappear;
One

be
but

sen-

thesia
anaes-

have

obtained
we

phenomenon

have
has

The

36

Archives

fi'om 66 to 54, twenty

given above

after

Dentistry.
the

injection."The tracing
which
half a grain of hydroa case
given bypodermically;the upper line is the

taken

was

chlorate had

minutes

of

been

in

in

before the injection,
the lower fifteen minutes
pulse-trace
Ohio

Nervous
to

from
written

Exhaustion

The

"

and

November

Fatigue.

the dental

exhaust

to

Journal.

State

by

(Coca)both

number

"

We

gives us

commend

of

after."
the following:

the following

times

as
us
are
profession,
compelled
many
and
article
The
is senervous
lected
physical
strength.
the 3Iississi2'jpi
Valley Medical Monthly, and was

at

both

He says, "I have used it
Hicks, M. D., Boston.
and
in
practice,and find it of great
personally
my

H. D.

followingconditions:
prevent and relieve fatigue.
of backache
those
cases
accompanied by highly-coloi'ed

service in the
To
In

urine with

excessive

amounts

of urates

and

uric acid.

In short

of the
breathingdependent upon weakness
respiration.
of the heart, without valvular lesion,due
Palpitation
or

to the weakness

It relieves mental

muscles

of

tion
dilata-

to

of the heart muscje.

exhaustion, rendering the

flow

of

thought
vigorous.
reasoningpower more
*
*
It desIt dissipates
'the blues,'leavingthe mind calm.
troys
in
small
is
useful
in
for
sick
the craving
doses,
alcohol,and,
exertion.
f
rom
Its habitual
and headache
headache
over
resulting
clearness and acto mental
tivity,
as a part of the dailydiet conduces
use
from
and sound sleep."
freedom
fatigue,
occasion in the following
He relates his personaluse of it on one
leaves and determined
of the coca
to
language: "I procuredsome
give it a thoroughtrial.
more

easy and

the

*

One

fine autumn

afternoon

I started out

miles distant,
and, without

and

walked

to

the

a

town

ward
home-

resting',
began
eightor ten
I became
one-third
the
distance
of
which
about
at
as
journey,
in my life.
to have been
thoroughlyexhausted as I ever remember
I was
unable to go further,my back, loins and the muscles
Literally
I
with
about
of my legsbeing lame and painful, had
me
oneI
which
of coca
of an ounce
half or three-quarters
leaves,
ed
proceedall fatigue
In less than twenty minutes
and swallow.
to chew
and
back
was
legs had fled,and I started
gone; the pain in my
arrived
there as fresh as when
I
homeward
at
a
swinging gait,

37

Journalistic.

started.

Ordinarily

days, but

next

such

morning

walk

a

saw

would

laid

have

perfectlywell

me

me

and

for two

up

ready

for

other
an-

not

coming
be-

tramp.

long tramps, with
the longest."
fatigued during even

I have

it since

used

fluid extract

the

is the dose

ToNGALiNE.

"We

recentlywhich
which

Messrs.

had

we
we

occasion

doses

many

had

testimonials

from

strengthen such
and

hope

we

the

is the

also. So

nutrive

things

the

we

often

not

see

fact is

that
rice

The

Nev^

contains

with

times

of

cost

Medical

Anaesthetic."

since

1855, and

used

in

rice

"The

fervor
is the

has

Germany

these,

food

with
many

In this
be

to

is far less than

for

that two-thirds

fact

well-known

for

accounts

try
coun-

had,

while
curately
ac-

or

cent.

beef; therefore,

Surgical

been
first

"Cocaine

Record
and

cases,

who,

Cocaine

contains

18

after

the

themselves
been

known

the

erythroxgenerally

American'

plant,now
hydro-chlorateis

The

ing
experiment-

trying,express

has
praise. Cocaine
of the leaves
of
pi'inciple

South

November

for

Hydro-Chlorate;

of October

Minor,
most

Journal

in its

active

ylon coca, the well-ki.own
prescribed as a stimulant.
origin,and the anaesthetic
surfaces

and

power,

as

and

Agnew, Moore
drug in several

enthusiastic

trial.

a

list of articles of food

nutritious

most

foll\)wing
regarding

this

remedy
bodily

to

neuralgia

encounter

little else besides.

only

reports of Drs.
with

of

tend

Galifornian.

"

Orleans

the

Local

New

The

for rice."

a

a

lieve
be-

neuralgia, and

good for body building,
give eighty-fiveand beef tjventy-tiveper

is three

nutriment.

hurrah

is the

beef

study

It is

rice with

on

stated, rice
of

A

remembered.

live

think

each.

for

want

we

new

We

surgeons

often

this

little while

every

and

j)ahad

have

we

results.

for

remedy

Dentists

give

may

thing

one

quality of

of mankind
we

of them

the

then

good

physicians

prediction."

some

"Nutriment
mental

a

Since

with

times,

noted

ralgia
neu-

ment,
ordinary treatTongaline for us,

some

taken.

be

of

case

admirably, relieving the

It acted
been

a

this

to

the

under

Co., order

to

of

5^8

readers

our

Having

improve

prescribe it several
Tongaline is destined to

the

of

rheumatism.

"

Bush

that

adult.

an

not

patient.

our

gave

tient before

did

thinks

He

call the attention

to

neuralgia and

for

remedy

new

wish

for

of

effect

the

on

so

of

more

recent

with
cous
muproduced by its contact
it having been
known
only about a year,
of
by laryngologiststo produce anaesthesia
effect

38

The

the

vocal

The

cords

Archives

Dentistry.

of

and

surrounding parts to facilitate manipulation.
eflFect of the topicalapplicationof the
drug has

ansesthetic

been

brought into greatest prominence by an experiment related
witnessed
the
New
York
by Dr. Noyes, the eminent
oculist,who
production of complete anaesthesia

by

the

instillation

Merck's

cocaine

and

examined

of

of

drops

two

conjunctiva, and

of the
two

a

solution

cent,

per

cornea

of

hydro-chlorate (repeated in five minutes) into the
Dr. C. R. Agnew,
who
has
patient'seye.
extensively followed
Noyes' directions in his large ophthalmic clinics, has performed
successfullyperfectlypainless operations for squint and cataract,
has

injured and

otherwise

ease

drug,

of

or

in those

unattainable

inflamed

eyes

without

systemic ana?sthestic.

a

numerous

in which

cases

the

use

*

*

*

with

remarkable

this

of

It is

and

freedom

a

quite certain

that

is necessary

for

local anaesthesia

minor

operations in surgery, gynecology, laryngology, otology,
*
This
and
even
dentistry,this anaesthetic will be tested." *
of
cocaine
is a discovery by a very
application of the muriate
physician,or he is perhaps not yet a physician, but is pursuing
young
*

his studies
Koller."

Drs.

satisfaction.

drug,

but

in

Alt
We

and
have

also

Pollak, of St Louis,
been

druggist

our

he

Vienna, where

unable,

has

are

His

using

supply

a

and

are

we

the

by

of this

looking forward

great
of

the

time

the

any

journal a})pears, we hope to be able
effect
on
experiments. If it has the same
report of our
and pulp tissues that it has on
the conjunctiva and
cornea
a great
dentistry
blessiag to humanity. Painless
prove
number

next

is

name

it with

far, to procure

so

ordered

lives.

give a

to

dentine
it will
is

what
H.

to.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC.

The

kiston, Son
This
which

Visiting

Physicians'

is the
fact

"

Co.

is

evidence

much
Visiting List has become
of medicine, it
to practitioners

of the
of
more

is

a

its

Stationery "

publication of
acknowledged

than

P.

Philadelphia:

1885.

St. Louis

(St.Louis:

thirty-fourthyear

alone

for

List

a

convenient

necessityby

reason

Book
this

Bla-

Co.)
annual,

value.
account

of the

The
book
use-

39

Bibliographic.

have

to

for the

important

physician

hand.

at

The

it is

it contains, which

fill information

contains, besides

volume

table,

visits, dose

list of

the

vised
re-

Pharmacopoeia, list
for
producing
of poisons and their antidotes, Sylvester's method
in
artificial respiration,Hall's
asphyxia, general
ready method
to

with

agree

memoranda,
for it
Index

by

James

is

a

sale.

ready

a

ing
Manufactur-

Dental

S., the S. S. White

34, inclusive,

1883.

is essential

book, and

valuable

very

vols. 1 to

Cosmos,

Dental

D.

Co., Philadelphia;
This

the

to

Dexter, M.

E.

and

sures
in-

List

Blakiston's

of

Cosmos.

Index

Complete

S.

excellencies

many

cii'culation

wide

a,

Dextal

to

A

The

etc.

U.

of the

last issue

the

to

who

one

every

objectkept in view in tha
compilation has been the presentationof every subject or matter
of interest to the searcher's
readilycognizable
eye in a plain and
owns

set

a

form."

of

the

It is

index

an

period

this book

is

of

this time

changes, and
The

who

wishes

them

Cosmos

Dental

to

almost

been

have

fully than
recording these

more

office of

the

methods

our

Charcoal.

burnt

experience
in the

far

chronic

and

charcoal

to

superiorto

dialgiaof adults, and

it be
then
any

known

that

other

and

that

in all ways

any

try
dentisof

this

work.

plump
an

of charcoal.

form

and

the

affords

powdered,

of infants

diarrhea

events,

olutionized.
rev-

dental

other

the

Let

"

any

wholly

history of the professionof
necessarilyconsult the volumes

consult

during these years must
will greatly facilitate
index
journal. The new

Wheat

in

journal of which
in the history of
have undergone

the

eventful

most

of

many
of

some

journal has performed
one

articles, and

the

index, is clearlythe

an

of

than

oi'dinaryindices.
thirty-fouryears covered by

dentistry. Within
essential

subjects rather

of

this respect differ from
The

"The

Cosmos.

Dental

wheat,

fully
care-

article in
We

use

adults, in pyrosis and
is known

charcoal

our

it
car-

be

to

useful.
In chronic

gastritiswe

finelypowdered,
or

without

is worth

bismuth

looking

know

and

subnit.
after.

given

of

nothing

in doses

Wheat

so

good

of five

charcoal

or

for

as

ten

wheat

coal
char-

grains,with

diarrheal

infants

The

40

Archives

Dentistry.

of

EDITORIAL.

MASSACHUSETTS

THE
The

Twentieth

Society
misfortune

Annual

No,

19

to

be

unable

hall

per

cent

sensitive

Boston

Dec.
the

at

day was
proceedings escaped

Library
It

12, 1884.

was

sociation
Asour

place of meeting until the
"under
well
quently
way," conseattention.

our

relative

in progress

was

Medical

and

11

Dental

Massachusetts

the

first

discussion

a

As

tered
en-

of

merits

the

to

we

new
or
drug
practice. This
anaesthetic
discovered
properties of the drug
cussion
for the society,and the disto possess
a fascinatinginterest
One
was
speaker had used a 4
general and quite extended.
in obtunding
for the purpose
of testingits efficacy
solution
at first greatly elated
by the result; his
dentine, and was

in

cocaine

hydrochlorate of
rather the newly
seemed

arrive

to

of the

the earlier
the

of the

rooms

Boylston Place,

session

afternoon

of

Meeting

in the

held

was

SOCIETY.

DENTAL

dental

"

"

elation,however,,

banished

soon

was

by

"

of what

the appearance

ap"

condition
the part
on
peared to be a good degree of an anaesthetized
of the drug,
of his patient,she, doubtless, having swallowed
some
constitutional
disturbance
The
the rubber-dam
not
being used.
soon

The

passed away,
speaker stated
and

a

dose

two-drop

of the

matter
4

same

volunteered
but

a

to

surface,

become

the

a

speech, and

it

"a

very
One

stomach."
was

or

science"

to

dryness

of

uncomfortable
of

these

suggested by

the

and

a

took

cent

ution
sol-

sensation

member

to

in

not

dose

as

it

tend
ex-

each,

gether
pharynx tothe
region

made

afterwards

that,

duce
pro-

gentlemen
a

and

tongue

gentlemen

did

Two

membrane.

mucous

"martyrs

reported simply
with

of

the

for

power

"

"

beyond

over

was

produced upon his
ansesthetic
propertiesand
and that its
it possessed simply stimulatingqualities,
condition
when
the antesthetic
applied locally
that

to

per

resulted.

quite marked, and similar
patient. He believed the drug possessed
advised
experimentation. Others thought
effect

The

results.

noted

ill effects

no

that, after thinking the

further
took

awhile, he himself

relief,and

doctor's

the

to

was

the

best

Editorial.

he

speech

was

other
It
M.

had

been

it must

be

that

the

drug

duced
pro-

of R. J.

Hall,

reported.
here

interesting quote
York, as given in

the

experience

New

the

afternoon, having occasion

tooth

filled,and

I induced

try the

effects

mucous

membrane
infra-orbital

the

minxites
the

there

York

Med.

of

Jour.,

also of

the

the

anterior

the

median

with

finding that

a

of

left side

the

the

caused

Nash

tooth, which

had

fill it,without
was

the

same

both

the

left first

cisor
in-

upper

lower

of the

when

to

the

upper

the

of

of

the

angle

the

surfaces;

mucous

septum

gums,

half

determine

not

and

tooth.

able

then

I could

of the

of

left

beyond

border

border

was

the

cutaneous

pain except

was

of

chair,

membrane

nasi

and

of

from

extending

Forcing the teeth apart
the wedge impinged on
posteriorsurface of the
cavity in

the

out

scrape

the

previously been so exquisitivelysensitive,and to
The
esthesia
anexperiencing any sensation whatever.
my
alter the injection,
complete until twenty-six minutes

sensibility was
longer. Piercing the
pain like the prick of
the

dentist's

first molar

no

and

it struck

the

dentine

somewhat

lower

mucous

Dr.

cheek

the

and

line to

unaffected

gums.

of

surface

wedge

the

anesthesia

complete

was

in the
(as I was
limits),involving

exact

have

to

sitive,
extremely senDr. Nash, of No.
31 West
Thirty-firstStreet, to
of cocaine.
The
needle
was
passed through the
of the mouth
to a
point as close as possibleto
were
foramen, and eight mimins
injected. In two

lip and

upper

mouth

In

make

6:

"This

the

to

to

of New

D.,

Dec.

effiects than
be

may

heard

ever

41

bone
way,

diminished

much

and

or

fifteen

the

minutes
caused

needle

pin, but its subsequent introduction
solution
the injectionof the
not
were
introduction

the

ten

with

membrane

mucous
a

for

of

the

needle

into

the

until
felt.
ulnar

the little
to
tingling down
quite severe
pain, with
In
finger,but the injectionof the fluid gu,ve rise to no sensation.
that the incisor tooth
the teeth, it surprised me
the experiment on
should
be rendered
insensitive, as the anterior-superiordental
infra-oi'bital
canal.
I can
is given off in the
nerve
only suppose
distance
effect
extends
the
that the
nerve
some
along
centrally,or
caused

nerve

that the

fluid traveled

along

the

sheath

*

December
some

stead

1.

additional
gave

Mr.

Since

the

a

which

medical

of the

in the

nerve

canal.

*

foregoing

experiments
Locke,

*

was

written

seem

student,

of
an

we

interest.

have

made

Dr.

Hal-

Injection of

nine

The

42

where

nerve

minutes

there

where

instrument.

There

teeth

palate and

the

uvula,

of
In
same

from

way,

seemed
In

anaesthesia
taste

the

the

extended

earlier

was

gums

evening
the

minims,
the

left

Dr.

needle

from

there

the

border

the
the

thrust

pin

the

the

anaesthetic
a

of the

the

left half

gums;

the

the

and

mouth

of

the

small

and

line;
no

than

hard

the

the

median

area

of
of

the

tongue,

border

lip caused
teeth

the

upon

on

the

not

more

with

surface

anterior
line to

teeth

left

the

first

about
than

of

an

ever.
what-

face
posteriorsurside, exactly

the

back

the

gums

bicuspid.
the

and

angle
the jaw.

of

the

thesia
anaes-

the

sensation

no

of

three

of the left

cutaneous

line to

median

inferior

complete anaesthesia,
the

the

anaesthesia

lower

blows

the

the

to

The

from

from

also

complete

was

both

a

skin, extending

line,and

lip,on

of

causing
In

teeth

the

there

seventeen

surface

nerve,

lower

tinglingof

lower

sensation.

only

left border

of

dental

the

six minutes

completely through
also
was
complete
gums

inferior
of

internal

the

along

the median

to

In

injectionof

an

me

line

downward

and

median
caused

knife

whole

the

tongue.

mouth

the

of

middle
inch

in

of

a

was

There
third
eter.
diam-

after
of sensation
began twenty -five minutes
slightreturn
later no
five minutes
mained
complete anaesthesia reinjection,and
that fifteen to twenty minims
anywhere. I should mention
A

the

tal.
den-

anaesthetized

completely

the

surfaces, extending

mucous

There

was

than

inferior

of
and the sense
epiglottis,
side; and the posteriorsurface

gave

it touched

numbness

was

angle of

of
of

to

the

than

the

as

introduced

being

until

ramus

minutes

A

auriculo-temporalnerve.

sooner

more

Ilalsted

sharp twinge along

of

tion
diminu-

some

anterior.

This

the

and

soft

sensitiv
quite in-

and

was

and

The

blows.

there

the

line,

anaemic

lingual

affected

the

of

in the
made
injectionwas
minims
being used, the fluid

affected

far back

line,
pointed

a

median
to

side

the

the

was

as
on

of the

twenty

nearer

abolished

was

to

tongue

that

where

cases

come

all,the

also

with

six

to

the

on

anaesthesia

the

to

four

median

the

to

reached

be

side, were

same

domain

the

fifteen

have

to

tongue,

insensitive

were

the

on

five other

or

of

-could

as

thought

in
sensibility

four

far

posteriorly,

Locke

Mr.

In from

the

inferior

the

canal.

further, complete

side

that

on

dental

needle

the

given, extending

as

was,

anteriorly ^nd

all the

of

base

the

to

of

point

anesthesia

was

backward

gums,

the

complete
injectionhad been

the

and

the

it enters

Dentistry.

of

with

reach

miDims, trying to
dental

Archives

44

The

Archives

Boston, subject:"The
the

Oral
the

at

The

This

Cavity."

first

of

paintings,were
The

oflUcers

follows:

before

E.

Dr.

G.

Leach,
the

length.
ful
beauti-

several

hall.
were

year

First

as

Vice

ident,
PresE.

Dr.

President,

B.

E.

Page, Boston; Treasurer,
bridge;
CamPage, Boston; Librarian, Dr. R. R. Andrews,
Executive
Dr.
G.
F.
S.
K.
Comtaittee,
Eames,
Knight, E.

Dr.

Edward

J. G.

Leach,

address

of

Boylston
It

and

W.

the

F. A.

the

Cook,
Committee,

accept the invitation

to

hold

a

the

to

union

Executive

of

meeting

therefor,

arrangements

referred

and
of

Boston.

all of
Dr.

Eames,

the

on

Committee,

the

Connecticut

Worcester,

at

of

part

with

this

Valley

METHODS

NEW

Boston,
very
We

late

the

meeting

some

Society,

members

phosphate

cement

a

sufficient

which
to

burnished

related
and
it is

where

cases

adopted by
after

the Massachusetts

naturally,under the head of
will give, in substance, a few

to

to

New
of

Methods

hold

is to first prepare

that

out

and

come,

Suggestions

the

secure

material

the

before

used.

amalgam
"

it becomes

much

The

in the

rather
when

same,

anchorage,

proper

usual

thin
the

method

"

way,

and

plied
ap-

amalgam

hardened,

is

thus

The
amalgam.
phosphate cements
itself with surprising tenacityto the walls of the cavity, and, besides,
holds securely the amalgam
that
is placed upon
it,giving
the fillinga hard
and
durable
also protects the
surface, which

completing

the

cement

in

them:

is mixed

the

S.

Society,held

brought

were

phosphate cement
cavity, nearly fillingthe

on

T.

of
experience with a combination
in tilling
"saucer-shaped" cavities,

the

the

Dental

amalgam
nearlyimpossible to

undercut

several

their

was

full power.

SUGGESTIONS.

practical points

very

Several

those

of

AND

June,

next

C.

At

The
is 138

street.

Society to

all

Werner

Chairman

voted

was

Dental

or

the

on

paper

ensuing

Vice

W.

a

by

Worcester;

Second

Secretary,Dr.

and

on

readers

our

considerable

at

for the

Adams,

Compounds

lay before

illustrated

installed

J. F.

theii-

shall

reached

we

Stevens, Lynn;

Hitchcock, Boston;

C.

Dr.

and

and

discussed

was

Inflammation,"

elected

S. G.

Sugar

also,we

by

read

President,

Dr.

It

Address,

Nature

of

paper,

opportunity.

Annual

"Intimate

Effects

Dentistry.

of

fillingwith

Some
rub
phosphate from waste
by the action of the oral fluids.
into the powder of phosphate cement
little prepared amalgam
a
before
gam,
adding the fiuid,and, after applying this,finish with amalburnished

on

as

before

described.

It

was,

however,

gener-

Editouial.

ally believed
qualityof the
far

as

this

that

valuable

J. G. W.

the

to

the

walls
in

method,

Werner.

In

deciduous

and

unnecessary,

is somewhat

cement

its retention

Another

was

45

the

that

adhesive

the

impaired thereby, at least in so
of the cavity is concerned.
certain cases, was
presented by Dr.
of

treatment

children's

teeth

cially
espe-

"

the

faces
proximal surof the bicuspidsand molars are so largelydecayed in both teeth
that taken together,they from a "cup-shaped" cavity. Now, in such
often very friable, and it is extremely difficult
cases, the walls are
in each tooth.
to secure
a filling
retaining points so as to secure
Even
if this could be done, say, with
amalgam, thermal influence
would
often create
each cavityis filled with gutta
a disturbance,oi',if
is rapidly
percha in the usual manner
separately the material
wasted
by the process of mastication, there being a space
away
between
each filling.Dr. Werner
fills such
cavities with
gutta
percha,as he would an ordinary small cup-shaped cavity,bridging
if not too great
the space
between
the
over
teeth, making one
solid plug for the two
cavities and space between.
The
doctor
marked
re-

often

we

"

meet

"

"

"

"

finds that

that he

this class of cavities,filled

extremely comfortable, ^nd

are

the

between
the

method.

other

any

teeth

in the

It

teeth

much

the

to

the

injury of
better
the

be

can

case

Comfort

ordinary way.

much

are

prevents

longer and

than

material; or

where

cases

of

delicate

gum,

than

by

when

the

and

the

food

preserves

of

result

other

any

material

the

by

substances

and

use

same

utilityis

this way,

lasting than

more

wedging

the

in

is

to

used

a

prising
sur-

extent.

Dr.
to

H.

serve

as

the

to

Baker,
a

side

one

matrix

A.

or

c^

band

Baker

the

market.

a

illuminator,
is coated

is

proposes

and

cut

matrix

not

to

with
when

tin.
the

From
tinned

and
copper

side is

designed
sheet

per,
cop-

material

a

placed next

it, thus

bining
com-

illuminator.
at

least in sheets

easilyobtained,
put

this

illuminate

effectuallyto

very

this tinned

for this purpose,
Dr.

serves

aid of

believe

be

unique device
It^issimply thin

Boston, presentedan

and

which
may

cavity it
the

We

matrix

of

matrices

but

made

from

we

thin
sufficiently
understand

this material

that
upon

race
again visited the office of Dr. D. M. Clapp, 62 Trinity Terthe retiringpresidentof the society and witnessed
the successful
ity
working of his dental engine motor
by the use of electricof the Electi'ic Light Company
taken from
the wires
which
his house.
It is surprisingwith what
and
conveniease
pass over
We

"

"

The

46

lamp and

electric

an

demands

suit the

regulated to

of

the

method

the

He

moment.

illuminate

to

ing
attach-

is about
mouth.

the

of

instantly

be almost

engine may

the

reflector

ought not to overlook
specimens adopted

We

Dentistry.

of

rapidityof

and

the power

ience

Archives

logical
histo-

photographing

explained by Prof. Andrews, of
fit
Cambridge, but we trust he will hims^^lf give our readers the beneWhen
an
of an explanation at an early date.
exceedingly busy
the

learn

the

know

we

as

man,

and

professorto be,

takes

the

photographer'sart

for

time

necessary

to

obtaining
demonstrating
of

sole purpose
of
the purpose

for the

sults,
re-

sults,
remay
perhaps
say,
obtained
of
be
that
cannot
field
in his special
investigation
and
otherwise, the professionare placed under special obligations,
lection
The
work
later.
his
or
sooner
large colwill not fail to appreciate
this
he exhibited
and explained on
of photographs which
exhibit
in
be
work
to
to
his
occasion
we
hope
permitted
own
will
which
The
foretaste
we
columns
give this month
soon.
our
we

or

"

"

surelv

anticipation of

the

sharpen

to

serve

readers

our

for

more.

C. T.

DENTAL

ON

RIGGS

J. M.

DR.

S.

CARIES-

the
published proceedings of the Connecticut
looking over
to note,thatas long
a little surprised
Valley Dental Society we were
of the
of dental
causes
1875, Dr. Riggs, in a discussion
ago as
of
almost
would
a prophecy
to what
seem
caries,gave utterance
the
prominent theories of to-day; not only regarding the now
In

of
micro-organtheory, but the processes
in his valuable
set forth recently by Dr. Black
action
as well, as
Formation
of Poisons
"The
work
by Micro-organisms."
on
this subject Dr. Riggs is
with other remarks
connection
on

generallyaccepted germ
isnal

In

recorded

and
which
a

attribute

act

that

it derives

the

on

it would

discharges carbonic acid and dissolves
its path, takes
up the potash and other
super-structureand
soil.

In his

greater

or

from

thus

opinionthe

less extent, is
the

a

not

a

yeast,

silica

its root, which
alumina

and

it needs

materials

passage

or

for itself

push

its

grasp
course

the

enamel

into the

of

dentine

for

through

in
its
the

teeth, to

brown

can

If

fungi,
fungi is

its nourishment.

derive

through
the

two

contact
to

or

on
coating found
fungus growth which derives

rust

If it

tooth.

penetrate that, why

excavates

of

one

livingsubject.

nourishment

its

to

cause

ferments, like

until it

easilyperceivehow

can

the

fluids,produced by the

the

of

will not

contend

some

know

condition

of food

detention

plant he

We

acid

the

sources,

"Must

follows:

as

a

ment
its nourisha

tooth
in

and

all di-

Editorial.

rections
a

until it

destroysthe tooth? One
the microscope. Have

great field for

beyond

us

carry

When
then

the dollars

recall the

we

beside

set

and

crude

that, the

acid

remark

ty.

The

that

the

to

a

the

of

source

Dr.R.,

of

fungi

"will

generallyconceded

is

its

by

the

Dr.

latter,it may

one

the

be

results

remoleculization
is not
If Dr.
Dr.

by

would
the

Riggs'
to

seem

or

of

be

the

Black's

to

void

theories

contending

as

either

what

that

plant,could

a

be

alluded

ened
strengthThe

to.

it would

That
upon.
this process
of

to

"inflammatory"

an

or

of

acted

consequent

is termed

perfect
importance chieflyin

fungi.

plant"

a

alkalinity,simply a

or

substance

of

detention"

reduced

remove

it,might

before

acidity
the

manifestations

matter

of

it gains

work,

to

it,being

garding
re-

oral cavi.

"plant" discharges is, evidently,
'"'digestive
fluid,''''
although,according to

of

be

served

it

pioneer in,

a

of

until

R's

least strange.
theory is true, and

and

"contact

from what

remoleculizes

the

Black,

hoio

Dr.

should

in the

condition"

in the

alludes

perception of

Dr.

to

and

ago,

food

being

fluids found

has

Black's

fluid,which
digestive
of

of

revolution

a

years

and

which

with

identical

of

perusal

^'"carbonic aciiV

years

that the "acid

with

doctor

Ten

His

nourishment,

a

ten

detention

him
in

of

the

on

now.

interrogationpoint.
derive

the

act

here

enough

livingsubject," is now
insignificant
minority. That "fungi is
not

and

small

very

and

destructive

"some," also,that

have

sure,we

enthusiasm

we

theories

produced "by the contact
credit
must
we
ferments like yeast,''''
at least,the logic that has
resulted
the

thing is

cents?"

be

must

47

tion,
ac-

to

be

as

it facilitates

supported
non-perfect formation,
seem

so

far

fermentable substances,

or

the

surer

Prof.

that "bacteria
Mayr's remark
may
sound
enamel"
Dr. Riggs less
would,
probably
frighten
penetrate
than it did certain other
in the profession some
prominent men
Since this utterance
by Dr. Riggs, this "field for the
years since.
in
has
been
taken
hand, mainly by the enthusiastic
microscope

harboring

"

men"
he referred at the time, and
it has
to whom
shown
young
does
that intelligent
forecast
the
not
facts
as
logic
always
wildly as
"

of

"

would
have
believe.
One
of
us
carping "observers
is that logic pointsthe way
the "facts
for investigation,
and quite
often prophesy results with a good degree of accuracy.
some

our

"

C.
THE
The

round

table

TOMES

of old

King

Arthur's

days
gentlemen

of fourteen
antly to the
Saturday evening, Dec. 27.
The
object of this gathering of New
to

entertain

at

dinner

S.

DINNER.

recollection

was

T.

and

York

spend

an

was

at

and

brought pleas,
the

Hotel

wick,
Bruns-

Brooklyn
evening in social

tists
dencon-

The

48

with

verse

"Our

C. S., of

F. R.

Tomes

Mr.

Honored

London,
has

departments
to

done

S.

M.

Esq^,

Tomes,

A.,

England.
too

much

for both

science

and

generally to

men

direction

the

Dentistry.

of

Guest," Charles

of dental

educated

and

Archives

in which

the

theoretical

is too

well-known

need

his talents

any
have

reference
been

of

and

tical
prac-

by

dents
stu-

ting
rela-

here
service

to

pleasure to acknowledge the great debt science
researches
him for his very complete and
accurate
ing
concernowes
the development of the teeth of fishes and reptiles.
of the
and
As the appointed hour drew
near
passed, with one
of them
number, "the noblest?Roman
all,"still absent, all thought
better
the
of the dangers attending a "thirteen"
dinner, and were
able to give themselves
pleasure of doing honor to their
up to the
secured.
at length a quorum
was
guest, when
shaded
with
decorated
The
table, a pleasure to look upon,
was
and
in gold candlesticks,strata
candles
of smilax
weaving around
the
which
the
about
to
center
numerous
bouquets,
compared
one,
but pigmies
bank
of roses
others were
a circular
arranged with a
idea
the
of
of
colors
sent
was
during the evening,
harmony
proper
wife of a much
loved
of the
member
to the
together
company,
side.
with the autographs of all present upon its reverse
with a menu
would
the
burden
of
One
versation
connaturallyexpect "shop" to bear
has
at a dinner
given by dentists to a gentlemen who
in
himself
the
but
same
such, happily was
profession,
distinguished
"The
flow of soul" was
in other
the case.
not
directions, being
spiced with wit and happy hits and interspersedwith recitations by
in the art of delivery,while all combined
in expressions
a master
of sympathy for colleagueswho
were
ill, one
by
only of whom,
able
be
and
he
found
to
plenty* of good
specialeffort, was
present
mankind,

but

it is

a

"

medicine

for his ailments.

ner
brought out in the after dinAmong the pleasant reminiscences
the fact that Mr. Tomes,
of his
speeches,was
uj)on the occasion
twelve
last previous visit to this country, some
was
tertained
enyears ago,
of gentleman many
of whom
at dinner
were
by a company
visits
abroad
and
of
accounts
interesting
long ago
present then,
of
their
were
given by two speakers,who credited much
pleasure
the worthy
Tomes
and social recognitionin England to Mr. John
who
steps
is so ably following in his professionalfootfather of the son
and thereby furnishing a notable
exception to the rule that a
in
has
made
which
father
who
follows
the
art
a
son
professionor
rises to equal distinction.
himself
great, never
With
expressionsof regard for Mr. Tomes, and the hope
many
iting
would
he
allow twelve
that
not
years to elapse again before visAmerica, the company
separated, having pleased the inner
"

man

and

done

honor

where

honor

was

29

Dec.

29,

1884.

S. E.

due.
East

Twentieth

D.

Street,N. Y.

TECE

Archives of DentistnI
J
A

Vol.

Monthly

Record

n., No.

FEJ3RUARY,

2.]

Of

all the

THE

EFFECT

ON

BY

Read

In

this

but

all

have
candies

and

are

admit

we

saps

produces
It has

and

readily,
piece

of

the

M.

COMPOUNDS

attention

been

asked

M.

Society,

I do

you,

D.

D.,

Dental

your

it not

to

I).

Dec.

few

a

12, 1884.

simply

they

a

a

are

plants

stated

and

that

acids
and
sugar

trifle

for

points

tertainment,
en-

your

which

may

find

which

that

form
over

from
the

patients

our

to

seem

effects

are

think

remarkable

a

in

placed
This
the

are

the
it

of
that

awai'e

all

sugar
dies
can-

very

well;

the

juices

light

the

of

organ

taste

organism

is

capable

of

the

in

various

quantities.

by

an

liver

of

arrangement

variety
of

with

in

is sugai*.

molecular
a

substance

contact

human

it is secreted

disturb

the

better.

sensation.

sweet

been

they

sugars

We

sugar?

of

but

concei'ning

of

Many

teeth.

injurious,

sugar,
Heat

HITCHCOCK,

before

probably

on

is

What
and

THEIR

TEETH.

Massachusetts

call

well."

writing

AND
THE

paper

to

is

investigation.

to

We

B.

the

before

bringing

lead

E.

excel,

wise

masterpiece

SUGARS

OF

Series.

[New

1885.

the

in which

arts

chief

Nature's

Art.

and

ARTICLES.

ORIGINAL
"

Science

Dental

of

of

alcohol

new

sugar

substances.

lamp,

and

ing
produc-

most

Place
it

begins

a

to

Archives

The

50

fuse, bubble, emit
all action

like

that

heat.It

the

by

kind

One

of

this is the

abounds

sugar

second

A

is

and

glucose.
fourth

A

fruit, fructose.

and

largelymade

succose.

acid

with

is

derived

not

was

up
in

sugar-cane,

the

is

found

in

Whence

the

air,nor

supplied

the

agency

carbon.

from

third

wood.

developed by

of black

A

of

from

was

results

of charcoal, in

crisp mass

combustion

the

finallywhen

and

gases,

black

a

in the sugar

existed

Sugar

of heat.

from

It

this charcoal?

comes

combustible

remains

subsides, there

respect

every

and

smoke

Dentistry.

of

and

beets
action

the

sweet

starch

a

of

of all kinds

matter

certain

parsnips;

of

fifth

A

fungi.

in

manna.

is

and

meadow

Our

probably

upland

is manufactured

Glucose

covmtries; it is

other
is sold

at

in
clear

a

food

as

immense

refined

of

from

potato

action

the

by

with
of

oil

cheaper

It

it.
of

and

is made

vitriol

or

S O4.

Ho

acid

added, and

then

removed

thick

by

chemical

Jf

heavy syrup.

change

and

H2 O

form
measure

a

and

moisture

the

C prevents.

but

the

molasses

the

is

porcelain vessel, dilute

a

the
the

hours.

solution
starch

used.

starch

find that

we

The

The
O

sensation

with

which

and

the

damp dark
purchased at

sugar

to

a

acid
H

Consumers

of

to

of grape

undergoes

tend

to

unite

depends

crystals dissolve
than

fined.
unre-

much

commerce,

and
high pi-ice,

a

is

certain

a

mass

sweeter

of

acid

evaporated

of sweetness

is considered

sugar

The

syrup

days solidifyinto

rapidity

refined

hence

purchasing

In

few

In sugar

upon

mouth;

in the

a

than

whatever.

and

evaporate

in

in

for several

means

we

will

placed

boiled

mixture

the

point of density,it
weighing more
sugar
no

is

gelatinous starch

Thick,

in

starch

corn

or

The

purposes.

adulterated

often

are

sugars

for cattle.

quantities in France and
resembling glycerine and

distillers;but scarcelyat all for domestic
kinds

which

substance

sweet

a

heavy.syrup
is used by confectioners, brewers

It

price.

low

a

its value

hence

cane-sugar;

contain

grasses

although

dark

sweeter
coarse
they are not.
they seem
sugar
contains
that besides
other impurities,it
large
are
perhaps not aware
saccharii.
This
of a most
numbers
disgusting insect, the acariis
relative bi
the acarus
insect is a near
scahiei, which
])roducesthe

The

itch.
grocers

a

insect

often

produces
pustulouseruption resembling
sugar

burrow

itching.

under
The

the
number

skin
of

and

upon
psora

the
or

hands
scabies.

or

arms

These

deposit eggs, creating an

acari

in

raw

sugar

is great,

of
sects
in-

ble
intoleraand

in

The

52

Archives

condition

the

cavity of

action

the

sugar

of

the
the

on

Dentistry.

of

mouth

perfectlyfulfills.

dental

tissues, carries

and

still further

changes the butyric acid
These
tations, proprionic and valeric acids.
action directlydestructive
to the teeth.
In

of

absence

the

contain

jviiceAvhich
azotized

at

what

usuallygives the

the

whitish

"The

buccal

cavityand

of

many

who

in children
of

the

child

the

at

sugar

or

teeth

are

of

time

and

is

have

with

be

service

but

of 'age,

of

of

the

one-half

of

oilr

food

teeth.

of the teeth
suitable

and

teeth

almost

constant

importance

first

teeth,

power,

and

the

as

if

to

these

be

generally traced to
These
place of milk.

can

months

seven

we

see

of

amount

and

temporary

and

the

some

this is

the

still greater

from

often

of

responsible for

the

of

in the

or

how

awar^

hardly

held

less resistant

either
of

be

of

eruption

gastric

need

the

interstices

immoderate

fact

the

with

covers

caries

prematurely by caries,it

years

is

One

of

the

This

honey used
supposed to

twelve

to

should

sugars

energetic

place of a ferment;
the gingival membrane

sometimes

frequent cases

softer

then

are

attacked

are

of

allowed

but

its deriva-

most

a

ought to be regarded as
alimentary fermentation."

gums,

that

are

the

particularlythe

more

this substance.

use

teeth

the

have

to

which

of the

maintains

Magitot

acid, we

reaction

breeding places

permanent

very

acid

of

some

have

altering

fermentation

the

vomitings loaded

takes

once

collection

borders

free

and

lactic

pure

which

matter

in

as

sugar,

into

The

it otherwise.
taken

sugar

consists

birth

after

into

the

tem.
sys-

of

starchymaterials and
Nearly
these are
changed into sugar in the process of digestion. Even the
these
saliva itself will very quickly convert
starchy materials into
mouths
are
only a few minutes
required to
glucose,and in most
eifect this

In' the

change.

observed, only

Mayr,

Prof.

the

entire

In

diabetes
exists
How
contain

the

causes
as

do
sugar

is

in

teeth

the

some

of

curately
ac-

bread, five of

temperature
acid

enough

differ
form

of sugar

presence
be

to

produced by

candies

normal

than

was

to

of

the

decalcify

molar."

simply

persons

such

a

saliva,one

the

time

the

required. According to
and hydrated phosphate

was

of

grams

syrup,

of

crown

some

68

child, where

carbonated

kept at
hours, generated more

for 48

body

of

five

and

meat,

of

mixture

a

half minute

a

will dissolve

sugar

A

lime.

of

of

case

set

on

edge

in tlie saliva,as
and

real

even

in

pain

acids.

from

sugar?

coml"ined

with

We

find

other

that

all

materials

candies
or

sub-

Original

it from

free

it with

the

the

which

hands,
to

serve

In

hide

the

is added.

taffy vinegar
is

sugar

mixed

moulded

into

In the
with
called

with

shape and

and

other
We

extracts.

In

white

the

confectioner's

glucose

develop the colorless
dark impurities.

to

as

so

cooling the

after

then

water,

by

made

is

candy

molasses

Simple

stances.

of

of

candy we have
impurities and

find

that

of

these

artificial

fortunately only small

Apple

added

the

more

bichromate

sugar

flavored

flavoringsare
quantitiesare

side.
out-

less mixed

rarely

very
much

they are
injuriousand

so

cheaper;
ous;
poison-

even

used.

oil

sulphuric acid

with

and

of potassa.

Quince, nitric acid and

oil of

with

alcohol

acid.

Prussic

or

and

rue.

Jargonelle pear, one part fusil oil,two
sulphuric acid, purified from
Acetate

the

different

as

apple by distillingbutyrate of potassa
sulphuric acid.
consists of dilute hydrocyanic
Oil of almonds

alkaline

or

are

Pine

an

stiff and

on

with

fruit extracts

pure

creams

until

chocolate

fusil
by distilling

oil is made

chocolate

beaten

egg,

an

solution

a

to
boiling molasses
pulling
mass,
waxy
saccharine
crystals

made

home

used, artificial flavoringsbeing substituted
most

53

Articles.

acetate

acid

free

potassa,

centrated
con-

one

with

by washing

solution.
of

amylic

ether

with

butyric

acid

flav-

banana

forms

voring.
currant, mulberry and
strawberry, raspberry,apricot,black
mixtures
of ethyl and amylic ethers, modified
essences
arp

The
other

by

the

addition

of

pure

nitrous

ether, orris

vanilla, volatile

root,

oils,etc.
I will cite

Concerning the direct action of sugar,
Magitot found that a solution of
three
The

of water

liquid was

mould; reaction
its thick

and

gave

at

reddish

the

end

in color

of two
and

clearlyacid, having
syrupy

character.

a

one

years

part
the

ments,
experi-

sugar

following

with

faint

odor, and

placed

few

cane

covered

Teeth

a

a

in

and

result.

thick

layer of
still I'etaining
this

solution

black in color, the
and
roots
having a
completely softened
and
friable
when
as
as
chalk,
gelatinous consistency;the enamej was
it to have
the dentine
beneath
detached
at several
points, showed
undergone the same
degree of alteration as the roots.
Teeth
protected by a coating of sealing wax, leaving an exposed

were

54

The

point,

showed

at this

ceeding, and
all the

when

friable
the

produced

in the

which
and

solution

in

kept

removal,

and
have

when

unless

take

effect, but

change.

caries.

the

The

the

on

in contact
of

is

in amount
the

the

of
of

the

while

teeth

in

teeth, the

In

different

uncomfortable
the

to

There
the

a

acts

far

by
in

comes

reference

of

extent

several

decided

I

this

the

not

may

have

will

theory, they

at

jority
ma-

with
ing
vary-

caries, condition

the

What

etc.

a

few

been
least

the

as

ence
presthe

tation,
fermenmade

extensive
a

the

from

tests

give

of

is

moisture

of

cite

for

contact

theories, such

will

ment
fer-

ing
com-

feeling produced,

rapid absorption

to

a

when

by sugar
In

as

favorable

is very

sensitiveness,

are

times; although these

to establish

substance

candy

or

invariably there

almost

mouth.

that

ous
deleteri-

undergoing rapid decomposition through

sugars

etc.

the

teeth

direct

no

to

used

conclude

may

have

albuminoid

sugar

decidedly

that

rity,
perfect integ-

The

We

a

the

foreign body,

a

sealed

dried, proved

and

change which
effects produced

producing

pain'?

such

are

of any

according

of

state

a

they

sugars

saliva, civilization,relative

cause

in

perfectlysound.

were

teeth, if

a

raised

water

hermetically

was

appreciable alteration.

or

examine

carious

there

changes

no

placed therein,

teeth

washed

being

conditions

with

sound
care,

found

after

presence

us

of

greatest

wei-e

place in

sugars,

Let

addition

the

and

are

years.

teeth

loss

no

experiments

changes

On

distilled

in

sugar

group

the

weighed,

undergone

in these

them

the

cane

a

flask for two

a

pre-

enamel

the

black.

the

cavity,having

prevented,

was

with

a

of

edges

soft and

sugar

of

with

weighed

were

After

a

the

boiling point, having

a

is

of

produced

The

bottom

identical

teeth.

three

to

one

caries.

the

action

alteration

an

localized, has

of

and

of creasote

to

thus

Dentistry.

of

exposure

characteristics

soft and

A

Archives

at

enough
for

chance

speculation.
Caries

slightlyacid, parotid

added,

no

aching

which

effect,little

tested

same

for

ache;
found

bicarbonate
with

moisture,

Another,

saliva

sodium
no

chloride

slightlyaci-d,powdered
and

Na.
Na.

in

C02

two

did

CI. which

minutes
not

has

a

decided
the

Then

stop.
a

sugar

decided

ity
affin-

pain.
saliva

added

and

increased

added
soda

parotid

saliva

saliva

acidity.

slightlyacid, caries
in

two

minutes

acid,

sugar

cavity tested

dry,

again

no

and

parotid

saliva

decided

acid

parotid

saliva

Another,
ache; but

a

Another,
added,

sugar

Another,
half

acid, caries
reaction

added,

acid, dry sugar

no

cavity.

slightlyacid, cavity slightlyacid,

very

reaction.

acid

in

and

one

the

added,

C02

soda, Na

ache, bicarbonate

and

saliva

with

added

cavity acid, sugar

minutes

in

ache, but increased

no

55

Articles.

Original

a

ache

stopped.
Another,
added,

no

Anothei-,
bicarbonate
Na

CI
In

deciduous

a

soda, Na

added,

the

in the
of

I have

those

the

mentioned

simply
seemed

effect

in

pain

private practice. In
questioning, that badly carious
the

to

as

absorption, the
of

pi'esence

sodium

there
this

was

But

ask

but

small

the

The

the

former

tion
proporthan

less
found

I

ache

not

tested,

cases

decidedly

all

at

on

when

wholly

exclude

nook

candy

and

odor

be

in the

removed

and

saliva

we

all

removed;

of

breath
find

an

This
a

holds

it is safe

brush.

who

not

degree
existed
and

a

it
to

has

if

Simply
allowed
one

in

solution
that

often
been

it

ing
eat-

to

main
re-

whose

possible thing

say,

how

and

sugar
race

in

harm

is it

and

is not

once.

by

which

human
starve.

material

any

and

reaction

of

use

then, if

hard; but

cranny

it

at

do

not

the

soon

and

now

less

in

tested.

was

for the

profession would

The

cases

sugars

better

a

acid

the

of

amount

you

of

alcohol

caries

moist

the

this and

do

Absolute

when

cases

in the

will

the

were

without

and

once

effect,thoughto

that

our

caries,however,
the

these

if it

that

me

pain.

no

same

certainlybe

this?

rare

sweetish

likelyto

chloride,

was

example

saliva, as

perfectly sound

extremely

on

same.

at

the

ferment, will

are

for

the

of

would

amount

every

act

the

to

seems

produced

have

by

I fear

all of

In

of

did

produced

be

change

It would

remove

of

teeth

Spunk

most

caused

you

CI

In

not

and

the

Na

decided

so;

teeth

would

saliva.

a

candies?

a

the

latter.
was

were

pain

chloride

in the

few

about

many

pain, it

of

cause

too,where the sugar

cases,

Sodium

eaten.

was

Now

a

infirmaries

the

at

cases

be

to

in

candy

added, pain,

sugar

added, pain stopped.

Coo

sugar

pain.

no

above

others

slightly acid,

tooth

dried

decayed,

cavity badly

acid

slightly
pain.

to

meates
per-

except in
we

detect

eating candy.
acid already present
and ready to
be
not
being in a cavity, would
one

56

The

Archives

Dentistry.

of

EXPERIMENTS.
BY

Head

I have

called

for

of

most

practice have
before
others
the

use

only

to

might
in

out

failure.

that

events

interest

result

is

failure

a

the

of

the

survival

on

the

failure

of

the

unfit.

the

marked

the

pointed

one

the

to

way

others

enabling

from

correctingthe

error

earlier
of

be

these

the

over

the

why

enabled

experiments

road

in two

achieve

all

be

to

the

of

ways,

to

experiment
to

and

probable

direction.

road

same

have

observed

the

great

footsteps that

experiments, made

useful

of

only

road

same

The

were

in that

of

will be

on

will be

the

in

results

fittest lives

The

failures

lion

it performs

either

useless

a

was

a

with

a

a

to

sonable
rea-

vent
pre-

result, or

failure,and
indeed,

success;

already proved

a

by

some

in the

success

others.

of
At

successful

the

see

the

account

going
to

fittest.

achieve

to

illustration

another

travelingover
disappointment.

advance

to

success,

them

an

do,

to

only, while

only

history of

of

failure

efforts which

of
It is

the

warning

if

of

A

cave

thus

way,

hope

One

tried

have

a

individual

the

of

of

goal

same

they continued
Hence,' I consider an

hands

I

otliers from

preventing

arrivingat

reply that

knowledge.

of

my

thing

aggregate

dictum

in

I

to

great

the

of

One

others?

of

result

outside

my

general progress

use

ures,
perhajjshave called it Failof
of the ordinary routine

well

as

efforts

my

its part in
the

practiceof dentistry.

in the

practice
experiments to a result in my own
heralding them as great improvements, and leaving it to
is
their value.
to determine
Perhaps it will be asked. What
the
of writing a history of failures
when
are
successes

desired

a

I

resulted

is,work

11, 1884.

Dec.

Boston,

at

the
enhance
labors, and
lighten our
to that suffering portion of humanity rightly
called
the
although I have
subject of this

work

our

Society

thirtyyears

over

MASS.

S., LAWRENCE,

D.

Dental

efforts

patients,and
Experiments,

paper

that

of

many

of

D.

KIDDEE,

Massaehusetss

period

a

made

benefits

H.

the

before

During

"

J.

expert

labor,

fii'st attempts

my
that

time

method
at

hand-made

improvements
carved

of

the

idea

of

work

but

up

in the

the

block

around

with

was

yet
the

desiring to
and

unfused

a

dent.
stumost

I became

teeth.

taking plate
then
right position and
them

while

was

block

constructing artificial
carving and mounting teeth;

I conceived

settingthem
and body of

at

quite
lessen

pivot teeth

and

forming the gum
tooth-body, and

fusing the

whole

of

success

that

it, but

would

The

work

has

mounted

been

work.

nearly
At

so-called

that

One

work
beautiful
platinum plates. This
of existence
out
by the cheap vulcanite
the common
was
practiceto set teeth by the

it

time

invention

and

experiments

my

the

to

great discovery.

a

had
practice,

commencing

after

soon

heralded

been

since

has

an

reputation for honesty.
making my artificial platesof 18 or 20 carat gold, and in
skill could
that
wishing
command,
thorough manner
my
I prohands
cured
looking as beautiful as possible,
go from
my
and

After
most

let it

to

driven

recent

a

as

continuous

beautiful

in the

upon

which

of

amusing
the

fusing.

in

bridge-work method,

profession

a

making^a

in

perfected

been

partial
tooth-body

made

I

blocks.

the

succeeded
much

too

since

has

form

to

never

shrink

not

idea

gum

together

57

Articles.

Original

disastrous

result

to

my

solder and the
the
battery and a gold bath and covered
gold plate with a covering of perfectly pure gold. It looked very
the thin
But
fine
and for a time gave
soon
perfect satisfaction.
off,and the difference in color
coating of pure gold began to wear
between
the outside
and
the' alloyed gold plate underneath
began
for
I had
been
to excite suspicion that
palming off a base metal
To clear myself from
the unsuspecting innocents.
pure gold upon
a

this

patientsin
good many
fence,
a
campaign in self-de-

a
obliged to educate
suspicionI was
mysteries of metallurgy and to make

the

before
that

I

dentistrytbere

in

even

the

of

out

was

I

scrape.

is such

a

thing

being

as

conclusion

the

to

came

than

nice

more

wise.
Another

who

is

some

one

were

circulated

drinking
that

have

of

to

What
had

a

to

drinking
makes

got my

Several

I

that

had
me

annoy

years

got

into

much

at

benefit

of

be

may

the story for the

day, however,

I

had

filled,who

been

sent

for

teeth

of

purpose

stranger

a

came

to

him,

me

habit

first,as

fighting the rumsellers, and

started

to

by

a

of

I had

supposed
heading
my

with

some

stories

ago,
the

to

ofiice

personal
gold

and

amalgam.

returned

is

in

it

as

myself.

not

I filled several

mine.

with
He

One

teeth

some

friend
some

had

them

influence.

off my

as

It did

much.

of

some

relate,

patients

among

too

will

careless

as

particularlyactive

been

to

I

experience

you
teeth

my

and

friend

man."
think

ready

My
so."
to

said

friend
Said

went
fill,

my

to

him, "The

man

you

sent

me

replied, "I do not believe it.
patient,"The doctor,after he
into

a

back

room

and

when

he

58

The

returned

his breath

Aechives

smelt

Dentistry.

of

strong of liquor,there

very

was

taking
mis-

no

it.
As

I knew
of

have

set

make

so

in the

me

such

in his belief.

been

ness
absolutelyunfounded, the directcould
to thinking what
possibly
assertion,as he was
undoubiedly

suspicionswere

accusation

led him

honest
had

the

his

an

After

habit

time

some

flashed

it

I

that

me

upon

mixing amalgam in my hand, by rubbing
the mercury
and
silver
then
turning about a teatogether, and
spoonful of alcohol upon it and washing out the oxides in that way.
Of
I returned
when
course
to my
patient my hands would be well
The
natural
inference
of
the
perfumed with alcohol.
patient
would

be

that

when

of

doctor

the

smelling strongly of alcohol
of taking a "nipper."
purpose
of washing my
amalgam in
If

of

any

alcohol

make

you
the

upon
nose

good practitioners
soda-bicarbonate
It

was

that
I

a

he

back

had

the

alcohol.

it,

though

even

do

you

not

under
the
handling the amalgam
unjust suspicions. I should advise

to

least

at

make

to

of

use

a

saturated

I did

amalgam.

it in the

tin with

the

silver

alone.

could

be

rubbed

amalgam
It

wish

the
be

and

stronger

was

practicallywhat was
though the proportion of
of

into
could

than

was

If

would

afterward
tin

was

with

called
not

I

have

you

made

amalgams

and

in the
Take
that

several

oxyphosphates
following manner:

equal parts
used

of

for

oxide

making

in

of

to

coin-

You

Townsend's

it

see

Amalgam,

definite.

very

combine

the

into

This

zinc, mercury

and

Rub

five-dollar

a

tear

and

off

fill exposed

of the

be

can

any

the
manner

together

piece

a

advantages

compound.

amalgam.
and mercury
together in precisely the same
and
gristrubs mercury
precipitatedchalk
are

dense

and

less.

to

attempts

piece

a

more

mercury

discolor

and

mei'cury

paste, making
done

change a cheap amalgam
that the gold is there, you can
amalgam, and know
of gold foil and rub
it into a pelletof amalgam
situations
to great advantage.
any

of

inal
orig-

following manner:

a

better

all

After

of

a

tient's
pa-

solution

that

and

the

turn

mixing the silver filingsfrom the standard
coin, with
getting it ready to l?eplaced in the cavity, I found
foil

tice
prac-

in

silver coin

tin

the

for

abandoned

immediately

ed
return-

there

gone

cleansingamalgams.
to combine
early practicewith me

an

and

room

hand, yet
lead

may

of

use

into

went

of

oxide
as

to

plished
accom-

the
of

the
make

loys
alzinc

drugthe

The

60

effect

require to
molar

In

with

common

imitate

the

in
frequently used
seen
injurious effect
any

never

not

quire
re-

large

a

its

from

use

find

to

the

tooth,

that

so

that would

fillingmaterial

durable

some

would

work

our

made

I have

professionalbrethren

not

often

so

cloth
into
an
putting new
of the repair is nearly as unin which
the appearance
sightly
Notwithstanding, I have frequently
originaldefect.
old

garment,
the

as

of my

many

of

color

illustrate the

had

usually will
building up

It

air spaces.

manner.

desperate attempts

old

Dentistry.

of

the

of

have

you
I have

crown.

in this

closure

a

than

more

Auchives

Scriptureproverb

considered

patientswho

the

of

of

appearance

in

gold

teeth

the

much
lamented
and
the fact that I.took
so
highly ornamental
of
regarded it as a choice
pains to keep it out of sight, I have
figurement
disevils,not so disagreeable as the sight of decay, but still a bad
as

of
Soon

commenced

dentures, I
of

translucency
made

of

the

I

tooth.

natural

result

material

for the

bly
possi-

obtained

soon

an

solution

etherial

the

was
can

opaque

in

used

be

secured

be

quality to

artificial

for

could

it that

fillingmaterial, for nothing

imitate

to

base

a

similar

a

of

essential

An

as

with

modification

decay.

the

of

celluloid

of

experimenting

securing some

fillingcavities
be

organs.

introduction

the

after

purpose

natural

the

parently
ap-

of

by making
splendid
gun
the
and
then
and
ether,
evaporating
copal
cotton, camphor
gum
which
and
almost
compound
transparent
leaving a hard, tough
It is a substance
of heat.
amount
could be softened
by a moderate
stand
had
similar to celluloid,which
already proved its ability to withaction

solvent

the

an

of

fluids of

the

the

badly decayed front teeth with this compound
of the fillings
surfaces
were
exposed to view. It
imitation
could

detect

not

was

almost

test

of

she

glancing at
making
the
from

a

waited
the

close

directions

teeth

I noticed

I found

examination
loose.

cavities,and

Very
much

to

the material

little force
my

sanguine

was

to

and
every

smile.

but

the

lift them

that

her
The

on

and

shrunken

required to
dismiss

I

On

appearance.

had

you

and

in three

return

(Usappointmentand

obliged to refill with gold
patient,I was
glitteringdeformity announcing itself at

fect
per-

wait

to

discolored,

not

were

large

most

feet distant

concluded

but

patient
making her

they

the

was

very

for the

six before

about

felt

al
sever-

which

in

few

a

saw;

ever

Eureka,

exclaim.

I gave

were
fillings

the

to

I

teeth

disfigurement.I

any

ready

time.

months;

.

of the

natural

I filled

mouth,

of

with

my
the

material

the

had

fatal defect

same

the

first celluloid

not

shrunken

plate
its

from

been

has

several

worn

It is the

shi'ink

In

are

and

which

sheets

of you

has

durable

a

material

that

I have

the

as

knowledge.

any

bined
requisitetranslucency,com-

the

and

exhibited;

it will

be

if its tendency

valuable

a

sand

as

be

may

of

line I succeeded

addition

to

I have

not

is

more

them

I think

neither

of

introduced

them;

but

opinion. If

different

It

strips.

some

dion
collo-

will find the

vou

so,

used

be

stripsto

celluloid

lodion
col-

the

obtaining

narrow

celluloid,but
so

in

into

cut

the

as

the

paper,
a

be

can

same

than

better

good

as

with

which

yet been

has

overcome,

the
polishing fillings

flexible

has

in that

experiments

my

in thin
in

be

can

see

materials.
filling

list of

our

which

that
dvirability,

with

of

substance

any

substance

only

to

of

to

that

years

efforts to obtain

notwithstanding I failed in my first
I regard experiments
translucent
filling,
promising

yet

form.

orginal

But

most

I have

itself has.

celluloid

that

that

61

Articles.

Original

convenient.

very

ABNORMALITIES.
"MRS.

BY

under

had

I have

the

girl,both born with
of good texture, and
as

they

of the
The
months

boy

their

died

at

fine

old, a

the

full

of

age

time

some

twin

j^ast a

children
incisors

central

been

which

notches

saw-teeth

inferior

having

attained

had

for

"congenital teeth";

of

case

observation

my

J."

W.

M.

ind

boy

a

"

well

terestin
in-

very

a

developed,

erupted evidently for sometime,

and
length of crown,
mark
recently erupted

three

months,

healthy child, and

but

the

devoid

wei-e

incisors.

girl is

six

now

apparently nearly ready

to

erupt the superior incisors.
I shall continue

eruption of
child

under

to

the

watch

the

i-emaining

my

observation

case,

inferior
at

the

and

will

report

I

teeth.
time

hope

of

the

I may

shedding

successive
have
the

the

uous
decid-

teeth.
The

parents

the

ant
lower, ignorant, unobserv-

the

whether

accidental.

unfortunately of

grand-parents dead, so that
be classed
the peculiaritycan

class,and
learn

are

I

regard

the

case,

however,

as

I have
as
one

not

been

able

to

hereditary,ormerely
of

especialinterest

The

62

fact

the

from

There
had

child

one

still

quite

by

presenting the

children

other

in the

children, and

abnormality.

same

father

family, the
and

previoixs marriage,

a

young

Dentistry.

of

of the twins

of both
three

are

Archives

living

mother

the

with

the

having
all

two;
widowed

now

mother.
Their
lack

teeth

of

present
and

care

lower

of

years

lacking

molar, and

is

There

teeth

left lateral

either

on

which

prominence
is about

makes

the

put in

to

case

sixth

central

molars,

year

inferior

there

jaw

indicate

the

of the

exception

in

presence
twelfth

year

ajjpearance.
is

the

that

perfect,with

unusually regular and

were

bicuspids in all, and

incisor,cuspid,bicuspid,

remarkable

more

of germs

side.

the
an

fifteen

girl,now

young

in the

would

missing teeth,with

molar, which
What

a

instance

extraordinary lack

right bicuspid;

a

bicuspid

a

no

the

of

jaw

the

superior jaw

missing

is also

the

the

among

unusual

an

teeth, having erupted only four

in the

second

the

ciistomary

common

time

of

case

apparently, an

shows,

age, who

this

at

dentition," in the

permanent

and

uncleanliness

extreme

observation

under

also

"retarded

of

the

the

classes.

I have
of

peculiarities,
showing only

no

incisors,and

temporary

normal
three

eruption

of

the

of

second

molars.

subject has

The

nervous

very

loosened, and

the

of

case

The
all of

the

permanent

its

right

deciduous

erupted, the

tooth

equalize the

of

absence
teeth

the

the

sides; the

two

life,although
lateral

lateral

other

being

same

was

done

in

cuspids.

the
on

sepsitive. When

to

illness in her

serious

any

and

extracted,

also

had

never

to

of
in

on

the

side

of

the
the

vacancy,

has

jaw

effort

to

follow

lateral

the

caused

right central

arch; the cuspid turning half way

the

the

left

the

towards

move

centre

axis

own

teeth

the

and

cupying
oc-

around
central

incisors.
teeth

The
and

the

bearing

are

arch

surface; and

growth
If
be

the

needed

of

with

expanded,

missing teeth,

the

also

the

and

being regulated

now

with

latent

the
germs

not

germs

are

to

supply

the

to

hope

the

intention

drawn
of

back

into

place,

insertinga

plate

furnish

the

that the

antagonism will/induce

necesary

masticating
the

if present.

developed,

the

deficiency.

plate will

of

course

always

Selections.

63

SELECTIONS.

ON

BY

EDMUND

OAVEN,

LANCING

F.

C.

R.

GREAT

There

two

are

venturing
evening.' The
my

with

first

is,that

sooner

regard

to

these

for any
draw

oneself

puts

one

discussion

conclusions, or

Not

many

years

then

seemed

be

to

used

infancy and

of

for

good,

before

will

may

considered

this

you

better.
throw

prefer to
rather

ensue,

the

have, the

to

the

course

proper

With

out

than

a

tions
sugges-

attempt

theory of my own.
practitioner carried
every

to

any

almost
he

now

3, 1884.]

slightpractical acquaintance

a

formerly

that

advance

ago,

lancet-case,where

but

objects,I

two

SICK

is,that if the question have

was

the

November

communication

second

in

FOR

myself, at least, seeta

to

I have

the

HOSPITAL

STREET.

London,

of

this short

bring

to

THE

ORMOND

which,

reasons

TO

Society

subject; the
it
importance which

real

due

Medical

the

before

GUMS.

SURGEON

S.,

CHILDREN,
[Read

THE

would

for

a

carry

thermometer.
clinical

severing every

which

early childhood,

he

silver

a

The
knot

in the

adies
mal-

able

not

was

lancet

to

untie.

Steadily
Its

has

place has

been

whether

used

opening
sigh over

of

in

Has

an

countless

for

as

the

same

to

why

years

the

lancing

sepulchre of

improved

instrument

filled,I regret

abscesses, are

the

question

thin-bladed

the

of

say,

by

for

gums,

various

less suited

for the

the

lancet

the

leech

is

not

the

and

tomb),
gums

of

gum

sacrification?

are

been
Has

into
blades

venesection,

far

dark

condition

to

fallen

now

the

which,
for

or

(forthey
to

as

the
of

process

to

lie together
the

answer

rarely

so

the

But

purpose.

evolved

disuse

lanced.

result

of

dentition

in clinical work
This
changed, or have our capabilities
improved?
last speculation is,I think, worthy of attention; but I am
loth to
admit
it in its entirety,
should
lest one
seem
thereby to depreciate
the

scientific

acumen

of

those

many

clear-headed

and

outspoken

have

practitionerswho
it is often

"snatches
He

him."

for the

being,

side

most

generally
of a tough

dentition

Was

come

know

relief I

willing
put

possessedof
in the

there
To

day,

theory

was

on

help

public mind

the

or

"My
expression as this:
all this usually to be found

an

the

must

surgeon

clumsiness

of

amount

compare

the

ciates
asso-

cruelty.
head?"

quite fair.
molar

the

lancet; and
are

that

supposed

of

emergence

slightloss of
that case
give

saddle

the

much

how

infant's

gum

that

of

with

remarked

child

is

which
of

wisdom-tooth

the

of the

truth

membrane

mucous

been

often

must

public become

the

and

It has

teeth

in

even

have

roll of

or

a

do

to

that

me

demand

not

the

help

sharp edged teeth, the incisors,are
of help. This
in need
stand
most

the
to

suggestive.

is

Dr.

think
How

horse.

band

fibrous

a

that

which

those

I

but

theory?
the practice of lancing the

adult, is not, I think

from

might

gums

questionable pathology;

the

preventingthe complete

it is strange

the

wrong

That

in the gums.

admit;

to

the

on

cutting through

Billard

abberration
extended

of

the

diseases

possess

in

to
at

of

process

he

says,

"most

teething.
this

this

dentition

absurdities

of

chapter

attributed
of

that, if all that authors

remarked

quoting Guersant,
been

the

which

as

this

tooth

the

ago;

present

than

of

scarification

am

been

have

we

such

canal

alimentary

from

blood

fact

the

certain

a

hear

one

through

at

Probably

one.

time

short

dentition

of

process

in the
explanation of
troubles often
The
obscure
of the child being improperly fed?
I
what
and, from
on
just as the infant is being weaned;
clined
be inthis period, I should
of dieting at about
the matter
on
of irritation is much
more
that the source
likelyto
to think

in the

be

a

Even

the

regard

real

the

not

fact

that,in the
Infancy, remarks
are
painful,and marked
very

mechanical

a

gum,

with

does

often

How

part,

his lancet.

it with

gums

to

appears

held

rather

wrong

of

dwell.

profitto

a

in their writings,

whom,

or

eruption,and

their

was

the

pleasure and
Management

with

He
continues, that the infant
bright red elevation.
at
everything, and retains nothing. Nothing pleases
the shape of the teeth as influencing
then speculates on

pale

a

before, and

gone
a

Dentistry.

or

dentition, the

stage of

second
with

both
in

Combe,

Dr.

is

Archives

The

64

The

early age,

department

of

should

and

be

the

diseases

of

the

little

be
the

would

of
diflSculty

written

had

an

of

the

on

recorded,
result.

infancy

accurate

an

And
have

tion
observa-

positiveknowledge

pathology,

have

contributed

65

Selections.

greatly
of

establishment

the

to

Infants, 1839,

this

of

opinion."

201.)

p.

is apt to be
specialtrouble which
dentition, though not dependant upon it, and which
be overlooked
by the practitioner who is inclined
There

is

of

teeth

the

morbid

a

as

paralysis. I would
foretell the on-coming of

to

attend

a

would

venture

oneself
due

child

young

the

teething.
regard to

with
deformed

or

if not

limbs

I would
the

a

growing,

and

tough;

also from

I find
in

them?

no

need

to

l)loyedat

say

when

end

is much

be

scarified

should

though

not

ills

careful

a

evils

When

which

to

in the

tender

is

is evident

infant

delights

the

find it

often

one

carried

have

for it uj^on

the

a

red

Is

or

local
with

a

constitutional

lancet, and

expectation of

the

tooth

medical
much

gums
is it "a

to

tendants
atem-

good

suffer
the

are

lances

edy
rem-

little

as

increasing
advises

disturbance,

allowed

case,

there

family

Combe

from

card

Who

the

or

swollen

in my

lancing the

"Teething,"

fibrous

sight
having it

in

them?
the

tooth

the

Doubtless

sees

have

be
to

and

lancet

gums.

Who

scarification.

do

needs

one

which

expanding, the

must

gum

for

condition

reallyinflamed

fact that

I

be

is the exact

flesh

accompany

kept
paralysis.

essential

"

advancing, the

years

wasted

illness of

that

look-out

the alveolus

powder?
the chapter on

there

the

sulted
con-

ly,
reproachful-

that

risinggeneration
general disregard as they do from

of

been

peat
reteething. I would
simple physiologicalprocess.

many

itself;what

Does

fashion;"

its rather

the

her

present day; is it little employed;

neglect of James'
At

the

physicians? What
the subject?
upon

the

the

of

out

of

remark

are

effect of the

these

it is not

work

I have
"

I

content

symptoms

mother

assured

to

Avhat

not

all the

disease

invariably a

gum

?

For

but

should

when

be

summoned

teething, though naturallythey
of

the

should

one

that

of

the

caution, that

rubbed.

Do

from

the

that, of

that

but

inflammation?

gums

but

enamel

the

pressed and
but

doctor

regards the

as

scarification

it is

the

insidious

demands

as

heard

from

offer

most

Then,

and

I have

is almost

arise

heir, few

of

later stages

submit

I would

it.

the

was

ago

dentition

that

is

"

several

the

early stage

symptoms;

occasions

On

bitterly,that

months

many

feverish

obscure

that

to

apt

regard

to

when
paralysis,

the

with

is very

is, the

pretend

not

strongly to urge is,that one
the
suggestion that probably

with

to

with

that

process;

infantile

able

associated

one

eruption of

(Diseases

bleed

that,

the

gum

freely,

immediately following;

The

66

and

that

in the

Archives

second

Dentistry.

or

stage, when

the

about

is

tooth

for putting an end to
lancing may be demanded
ask, in conclusion, if this
averting danger. I would

and

Last

of

might

the
the

like

teeth

gums.

the

TWENTY-FOURTH

for tlie Archives

MEETING

to

development

the

ing
lanc-

from

the

of

Prof.

by
503, Vol.

page

report

SARATOGA.

AT

Dentistry

of

(Concluded

Section

Chas.

Mayr.

1.)

VII, Physiology and

in order.

declared

Etiology, was

as

surgeon

ASSOCIATION.

ANNUAL

of

averted.

so

Science.

of Dental

DENTAL

consideration

dental

the

with

met

SOCIETIES.

AMERICAN

The

be

to

are

stitutional
con-

widely spread practiceof

once

Journal

that

effect upon

the

DENTAL

Reported

from

hear
been

of

Sritish

"

"dangers"

to

have

probably

permanent

the

are

all,I would

of

what

what

local and

dentition, is often

disturbance, resulting from

appear,

sufferingand

the

now-a-days;

to

ries
development of the various theoregarding dental caries,and especiallythe experiments of Dr.
He
does not think that Dr. Barrett
Miller.
comprehends the position
from
that Dr. Miller occupies. He
proceeded to read extracts
Pierce.

Dr.

the

of

papers

and

origin.
and
existed

He

hidden

of

these

thought

that

the

latter, in which

the

existence

the

watched

Has

"

Miller

Dr.

first, and

that

he

aside

causes
causes

bacteria

is the

inaply that the
bacteria, finding here a

find then

Z"r. Barrett.
Dr.

first step; the

Miller,

or

his views.

the
No

"

proper

one
own

my
No

one

diseased

outside

those

would

growth, multiplied,not as the
impaired function and nutrition.

forces

from

of

antecedent

were

their
of

speaks

cause,

but

diseased
field
as

a

bacterian

absolute

to

condition

prepared

the

cay,
de-

for

consequence

impairment of the vital
condition
being established,

environments

An

for

their

growth.

of
myself regrets the absence
inabilityto properly and intelligentlypresent
series
who
has not himself
a
through
gone
more

than

sufficient
originalobservations
experiments
thoroughly comprehend the matter, is competent
of

and

of

influences,

to
to

enable

speak

him

to

know-

Archives

The

68

union

is

health

these
F.

Dr.
teeth
the

Clarke.

work

mesh

there

are

in

in
and

there

is inflamed, feed

tissue

the
I do
of

that

of

Tyndall says
directlyupon the living

live

any

and

"

not

his

ler
Mil-

Dr.

how

see

experiments.

desultory discussion, the subject was

considerable

After

ill

cells.

of

sets

inflammation;

life-cells

are

death-cells

when

condition

or

there

bacteria

the

the

that

of

cases

produce caries
liAdng substance

bacteria

suppose

organisms,

produced

has

I

the

same

certain

in

bioplasson

classes

products of

the

the

the two
fightbetween
of organisms which

tissue,and
upon

the

of

call

may

we

"

that

teeth.

the

of

continuous

a

I think

"

and

it down.

absorption

the

by

vital forces

by

break

forces

Y.

death-cells
is

about

brought

Dentistry.

of

finally

passed.
and

Dentistry, Chemistry
The

Section.
unable

Allen.

John

Dr.

it

follow

to

Metallurgy, presented
very comprehensive, but

to present
sufficiently

Read

"

of

construction

the

was

paper

Section

of

Chairman

Tnieman,

H.

William

Dr.

a

paper

artificial

a

One, Artificial
the
the

faithful

was

In

Dentistry.

said

he

dentures

reporter

abstract.

Prosthetic

upon

report of the

should

we

fully
care-

requirements of different patients,for no
which
to
nature,
reproduce organs
two
alike; we wish
are
cases
with all her
skill,has made; the height of art will be to conceal
should
be the great
art-.
This, together with their practicalutility,
point to attain, and this requires skill and the perception of artistic
study

various

the

professionmechanical

our

According

to

a

product

of whose

skillful dentist

impropriety
dentistry.

mechanic

lexicographers,a
trade, according to

skill reaches

the

tific
scien-

branch

is

in all
he

sameness;

and

who

one

has

his

him

to

see

what

is necessary

branch

in his operations.
exigenciesinvolved
To accomplish perfect results he must
erties

of

the

various

together with

Especially is
work.

Many

metals

the

art

this

of

the

dentists

and

minerals

converting
if he

case

do

not

them
does

possess

know
used
into

the
in

nature

dental

ception
per-

various

and

proj)-

practice,

artificial dentures.

continuous
these

of

the

meet

to

gum

a

two

never

procedure, consequently this
require the same
power
duty pertains to the artist whose
professional
enables

the
But

cases.

which

cases

of

rules,and

definite

result

same

this mechanical

avoids

training

calling this

of

best

the

mechanical

pursues

of

the

Hence

research.

mental

thorough

manipulation, together with

or

block

qualifications.

We

/

Societies.

Dental

much

come

work,
Dr.

the

nearer

than

the

by

Rohinson.

of

use

This

"

of

acme

section

take

the words

Pojje for

of

"Be

not

Xor

For

the

a

wide

very

law

of

of

the several

the

last to throw

does
in the

duties

constitute

not

of

appearance

articulation.

of

the

a

a

I

survive.

to

is tried,

new

profession. It is
requisitefor the performance
Simple mechanical
ficiency
proin

the

constitute

art

adaptation and
philosophy of the

in

science

and

is poetry

there

good dentist;

work, and

''

old aside.

the

dentist.

combined

These

is par-

and

range,

evolution,

forty-eightyears I have labored
to inquire what
are
qualifications

proper

gum-

bases.

motto:

my

first by whom

yet the

various

the

of

has

the

fitted,according to
ticularl}'

in continuous

ambition

our

other

any

69

the

the

dentist.
Natural

teeth

shape;
they

are

never

give

to

conform

must

to

to

oblong
artificial

natural

or

round.

All

dentures

forms.

The

a

have

teeth

natural

culiar
pe-

appearance,

artist

true

a

finds

a

ennial
per-

imagination,for labor is only the
fills the
visible form
of it never
of imagination; anything short
The
whole
real artist is never
mind, but only a superficial
part.
satisfied with
what
does
he
occasionally from good impulses.
Without
the guide of scientific principlesall labor bestowed
upon
for
artificial teeth
is only elaborate
never
satisfy
they
nonseue,
glory in

the

his

labor

and

users.

physiognomy teeth which do not agree
obstructed.
has been
the face,but that is only when
nature
be
seldom
that good and
plain,can
prefect teeth, however
better without
destroying the character of the face.
We

find in natural

It is the

One

dentist.
able

to

combination

make

instruments

of

the

one's
in the

get along without

of

artist and

essential
own

mechanic

of
qualifications

instruments.

market, they
able

being

are

Even
so

to

that
a

dentist

with

easilybroken
do

our

own

makes

the

a

with
It is
made

good

is to

be

variety of

that

we

not
can-

repairing,and

thorough mechanic.
and
with professions lies in individual
with men
A great charm
moral
rectitude.
The
prevalence of this higher qualityis growing
iu the professionas the
profession is growing in the community
hence

It is

the

dentist

should

be

a

longer necessary to extract the teeth of a child if
be induced
to bring the child early,for with
a disk
parents can
the first decay.
can
easilypolish away
now

no

the
we

70

The

Most
of

of

the

caustic

pain

in

tubuli, and
The

The

both

carbolic

carbolic

acid

be
are

acid

substances

theory must
antiseptictreatment

be

now

equal parts
fore
cavity be-

the

harmless

considered

the

the

to

as

sue.
tis-

accepted

an

putrefactiveprocess

the

presupposes

in

albumen

the

antisepticsand

are

if

prevented
applied to

coagulales

bacterian
the

Dentistry.

of

excavating can

potash and

cutting.

fact,and

Archives

in disease.
When

the chlorine

with

tin,it is
thus

Tin
that

of

material; when

Amalgam

For

combined
combined

forms
the

into

pack

to

in the

and

becomes

line fibers.

harder; when

free

set

tin

is difficult

contained

buccal

fluids

chloride

of

best

cavity,and the
delicate
margins it
with platinum, it
with

little

a

for

form

is the
is

tiseptic;
an-

preservation.

for
best

tact
con-

is

tin, which

material

a

in

comes

possible

best

ductile

more

and
still.

harder

gold, it becomes

it is

cavityis below the margin of
the gums,for amalgams are
neither antisepticnor
escharotic.
There
is something as much
cal
chemiand
beyond microscopic research
experiment, as being is beyond existence, and as spiritis beyond
The

matter.

in

are
fillings

why

of

many

The

artist is

true

restoringand

best

our

The

closed

with
of

lectures

the

selfish;he is serving his

what

is

operators

passed and

Chairman,

Dr.

are

C.

N.

Dental

Pierce, read

at

reason

Education,

report, which

the

providing
least two

was

that

full

all students
of

courses

preliminary examination
should
be demanded,
and
that
a
graduating examination
proper
should
be required. The
cent
report expressed gratificationat the reresults obtained
tal
by the meeting of the faculties of the denand
students
colleges. Of the three hundred
sixty-five
ated
graduin the
last five months
from
the
twelve
principal schools,
five per cent, or eighteen,will, by the end
of the first year, have
dropped out from the profession. At the end of the second year
will have
than
as
more
sought other occupations; not more
many
in the
fiftywill be actually interested
professionat the end of
the

years;

that

Two,

attend

calling

is the

that

(Cheers.)

poor,

resolutions

collegesshould

in different

lost,and

Section

presentationof

dental

the

never

recovering

subject was

called.

failures when

'a

proper

fifth year.

S2ocdding. Is gratifiedwith the result
objectsto that clause in the agreement of the
Dr.

men

of

"

holding medical
degrees to
dentistry by attendance
upon

become
but

one

obtained.
schools

that

authorized
course

in

He

only
admits

practitioners
a

dental

col-

A

lege.

fitted, not
the

as

is

who

man

is

who

man

become

in

skillful dentist

a

and

chemist

good

a

is not

medicine

in

graduate

a

to

competent

as

skilled

a

well

as

course,

one

We

mechanic.

profession.
that so long a step has
Hunt.
Expressed gratification
action by the colleges.
harmonious
toward
Friedrichs.
Disagrees with the view that graduates of

catered

have
Dr.

much

too

medical

the

to

been

"

made
Dr.

icine
med-

"

a
man
granted specialprivileges. When
the right by that authority to practice,
M. D., he has
is wise.
of the college faculties
feels like it,and the action
for thorough education.
well to offer inducements

ought
graduates an
if he
It is
Dr.

not

long been

for the

should

the

degree

specialty of

medical

for all

D.

is it

take
profession;

a

for the

involved

in

cially
especine.
medi-

it and

from

to

mand
de-

sake

of

the

it

a

that

like

He

it.

profession, for
profession.
Only

medical

the

would

dentists,not

education

for the

He

medicine.

dentistry called

have

to

M.

of

any

general

on

degree itself,but
like

of

founded

be

more

tioner
theory with him that a practibe
a
specialistin medicine, and
of the body his knowledge
organ

should

treatment

report,

favorite

a

surgery

the

for

referring to practitionersin

particularpart

that

in dental
that

section

the

Thanked

"

It has

be

to

Allport.
for

a

only

71

Societies.

Dental

does
is

far

as

not

properly
is

it

as

merely

it becomes

mechanical.
Dr.
and

Spalding.

they

choose

much

the

for

themselves

adorn

to

first educate

us

foundation

scientific

lay a

Dr.

Let

"

We

"

have

text-books

no

the

what

sciences,and

the
in

questions treated

No

man

the

more

have
Dr.

can
we

grown
Rhein.
are

Dr.

get any
ask

General

thing.

same

of

too

is the

same

physiology

if
so

young

case

men,

the

must

go

for

said, that all
foundation

is the

general physiology.

with

medical, but scientific.

not

are

of

foundation

been

has

anatomy

education;

much

We

God!)

"

about

for the

even

Thank
profession. (Dr. Atkinson:
the medical
them
to
profession.
it plain,from
Thinks
Dr. Abbott.

The

dentistry,

practicaldentistry,and then,
medical
the
with
degree,

our

of both

in

better.

Allport.

mean

students

our

so

better

the

more

for

them

we

demand,

when

they

up.
"

not

Atkinson

If

the

works

medical, what
"

on

anatomy,

then

Every example

are

of

physiology,

medical
a

and

istry
chem-

works?

medically

educated

man

72

The

who

claims

was

educated

considered

make

fit to be

men

the

old

and

man

had

subterfuge and
to

healer,

cut

and

Look

would

medical

xnedicine, which

at

Some

that
of

the

a

have

man

education, then

before

most

I say

the greatest

assuming

such

be

fools

well

and

in

versed

the

are

ignoramus

false

lectures
time

high
no

most

who

".

I

it before
all who

is ahead

has

of

are

does

not

and

ify
glor-

medicine

dilutions

and

Through

paths.

education, then

college. But
in the use
of his fingers.
respected in society,and
a

the least educated.

are

have

men

matriculation

a

with

First,classical

go?

to

he must

is exclusive, it is the
these

of

falsity.

from

fool away

not

us

loose
thus

matter

mere

Let

healers.

a

dilutions, allopaths,homoeopaths,

what

of

is

embryonic position. Surgery

everywhere.
low

medical

a

dentist

better

a

Dentistry.

of

myself fit to be a
in hospitals, A

educated

not

be

to

Archives

dental

If there

thinks

he

knows

of

degrees,ornaments

is

a

who

man

Many

all.
I

sin.

want

no

ornament.

The

subjectwas passed,and the societyadjourned.
Upon the opening of the evening session of Thursday,

Three

called

was

Literature

Dental

"

(which was
incomplete,but
officialproceedings) was
read
by
reviewed

the

and
Sui'gery,

third
raised

of

will
the

Prof.

be

The

presented in

Chairman,

Dr.

Garretson's

warning against

a

Nomenclature.

the

full in the

J. Taft.

system

severe

port
re-

of

strictures

He
Oral
of

critics.

amateur

-Prof.Mayr.
He

edition

and

Section

asserted

"

Presented

that Austria

a

with

few
its

facts

about

forty millions

foreign journals.
of

inhabitants

has

dental

journal. Li Spain a journal is issued with the "approval
of the bishop." The
French
dental
not
journals are
up to
the standing of the nation
in other respects.
Section
Four
called
was
Operative Dentistry. The report was
read by Dr. E. T. Darby, Chairman, who
presented four subjects
no

"

for discussion:
The
the

Herbst

electric

method
incandescent

of

packing gold by revolving instruments;
bination
light,its uses in dental practice;the com-

baser metal; the
danger of excessive
gold and some
dryness during long operations while employing the rubber dam,
thereby causing shrinkage of the tooth substance, and subsequent
to leak.
expansion,thus causing the filling
of packing
discussion
The
was
mainly u])oii the Herbst method
which
and Daboll
gold, Drs. Abbott, Hunt
gave their experiences,
limited, and mostly from reports.
were
of

Dr.

Wutkina.

Had

"

filled

tooth

a

73

Societies.

Dental

his

in

made

method, the operator using agate buraishers
of Dr. Wheeler, of Albany.
Dr.
been

the

at

tion
sugges-

had

"

Barrett.

Had

"

limited

a

rab

gold, which is very soft.
only smooth, and the gold
Keeps a piece of block tin on
his

instruments, and

The
is

described

He

experience.

instruments
used

form

the

operating table

his

thus

in

are

the

not

Wol-

not

polished,

of

cylinders.
which

upon

he

adhering

from

free

them

keeps

that

by

McKellop". Had procui-eda set of instruments, but
results.
able to produce satisfactory

Dr.

rubs

mouth

own

gold.
Dr.

Hunt.

Williams'

inserted

cylinderswith

Rhein.

was

Dr.

Daholl.

heat

could

be

The

that

the

heat

the

to

.

cylinders

soft

friction,which

suppose

cavity without

in the

produced

by

degree of
be
interrupted
the

of

produced

tinuously
con-

heat

should

coherence

absurd

it Was

the

pressure

be

burnishers

uncomfortable

gold, an

using

rotary process,

that

nealed
an-

ing
anneal-

an

torturingthe

tient
pa-

forbearance.

beyond
Dr.

Said

"

If

success.

that

Thought
brought about by
the gold.
"

the

fillingsby

fair

pressed upon the
by the friction.

is evolved
Dr.

Had

"

Barrett.

Said

"

in

that

some

unexplained

yet

as

manner,

mallet

ceedingly
ex-

could

impact of the
be worked
into
coherent
not
a
by the rotary process,
was,
mass,
or
made
solid and
so
homogenous that it could readilybe beaten
ily
rolled out
into plate. The
preparations of gold that could be readunfit for fillingsinserted
used in the usual
by
manner
were
gold, that

soft

the

Herbst

method

the

of
The

morning
of

After
The

foil seemed
session

oflicers and
number

a

of

election

Presidtnt.

of
Dr.

"

There
of

manner

the

something radicallydifferent in
ufacture
consolidation, and a specialprocess of man-

method.

and

under

of

was

to

necessary

Friday

success.

mainly occupied by

was

Second

of

officers resulted
J. K

a

as

follows:

Crouse.

Vice-President.

Dr.

"

Vice-President.
"

Dr.

Cori'espondinySecretary.
"

Treasurer.

"

Dr.

Geo.

W.

W.

Foster.

C. T.

Rich.

M.

Dr.

"

Secretary.

Recording

tion
elec-

place for the next meeting.
ballots,Minneapolis was
finallychosen.
selection

the

.

First

the

Geo.
Dr.

H.
A.

Keely.

Cushing.
W.

Harlan.

74

The

Menihers

of Executive

and

ard,

C. N.

Section
Dr.

Archives

Five

M.

L.

Dentistry.

of

Committee.

Drs.

"

A.

O.

Hunt, L. D.

Shep-

Pierce.

Anatomy,

"

Rhein, the

and

Histology

Microscopy

called.

was

"

presented a verbal report in
which
he complimented the paper
read by Dr.
J. L. Williams, on
discussed
Wednesday
evening. Some
points in the paper A^ere
by
Drs. Abijott, Pierce
and
journed
the
Society adSpalding, after which
in Minneapolis, the first Tuesday in August. 1885.
to meet
Chairman,

CHICAGO
Stated

Meeting,

Dr.

E.

Mr.

President
with

committee

that

from

Just

me.

fallacious

of

liberal
the

and

can

of straw
that

the

other

contrasted
made

and

a

above
have

which
to

be

for

though

medical

the

and

ancient

simibus"

subject "contraria

contrarius"

dogmas

support of

nevertheless,

comprehend;
confronts

all

the

unworthy

mummy

to

define

in

me

is

very
which

one

gerly
gin-

very

build

to

position by denying

my

say

in the
or

or

is as worthy our
decrepit,it
other
dogmatic belief
any
doctrine
school

Sixteenth

applied

as

of

which

Century.

to

Fernelius

It

this

is

topic,

consideration
entertained

medicine

Johannes

of

law

dentistry.
on

plied
im-

the

so-called

something

and

Parisian

in the

to

me

upon

This

sects.

leader

with

essay

necessary

taught by the

expected
a dogma

immediately preceding mine, they have
fore
an
me
injustice. It thereunwittingly done

the

less incumbent

"similia

be

discuss

common

impeachment and disclaiming all faith
"Contrarius"
as
applied to either medicine
the

programme

If the
committee
them.
have
only to demolish
ing
in assigning me
this subject,they are
simply allowside of the question an
opportunity to be heard as

mistake

none

the

to

chair.

surprise not

would

chosen
in

I cannot

ancient

from

the

Contrarius

with

was

subject

been

in

medical
opinions in a
by one of my
especiallyas there is little to do save

more

with

becomes

the

The

handled

be

assumed

I should

enlightened minds,

fashion,
men

the

on

It

:

notice

character, I believe

form.

only

I received

Harlan,

"Contraria

on

Members

it is ancient, and

fact remains

material

that

paj^er

why

as

medical

a

a

following
Dentistry."
Fellow

and

W.

A.

the

to

dismay

SOCIETY.

2, President,

read

Applied

as

unmixed

as

December

S. Talbot

Curanter'

DENTAL

was

his

by
first

Fernelius
in

as

was

famous

76

The

of straw.

Modern

sort, and

any
the

law

him.

There

fresh

are

Hippocrates

Galen,

whose

virtues

of the

disease.

after
creed

may

but

that

In

all,for

of time

allow

ancient

recommended

the

certain

short, they believed
are

Ave

not

at

the

in

will

innumerable

classified

remedies

in

as

cause

it not

principle
ical
very illog-

or
so

what

that

true

our

ical
med-

the

2,500 diseases

have

we

held

remedies

day (no matter

present

until

dawn

never

contrary

by

not
specifics

be) seai'chingfor specifics?Is

millennium

curable

simple

a

to

art,

subsequently

the

to

abuse

medical

of remedies

use

of

old fellow

of the

were

antagonism

and

the poor

views

diseases

advocate

mummy

masters

the mistaken

not

for the

venerable
to

of

peculiardogma

a

upon

waste

the

the

in direct

were

based

enough

when

disease, they implied

by Fernelius,

our

victims

Even

and

is not

exhume

to

Dentistry.

of

surely a great

similars

in peace.

repose

to

medicine

it is

of

Archives

formula

as

and
castor

oil and

I
constipation,peroxide of hydrogen and alveolar abscess?
wonder
if my
realize the fact that when
ever
homeopathic brethren
they are searching for specificsthey are
bowing the knee to the
mighty Hippocrates, and that law of contraries which was but one
of the

liberal
in his most
principlesinvolved
propositions;viz.,that diseases are sometimes
sometimes
which

similars,and

by

is neither

conti'ary

This

manner.

sometimes

all

cured

therapeutical
by contraries;
the

by remedies,

similar, but operate

nor

doctrine

wise

same

of

will

in

apply

action

ble
inexplica-

an

to

of

our

dental

It is in fact
the
general medicine.
basis of
medical
and
dental
be
therapeutics. Nothing could
liberal or
more
comprehensive. Verily, Hippocrates has not been
tain
for naught, and he is likelyto mainstyled the Father of Medicine
in spite of
comma-bacilli
his supremacy
for ages to come
and
the bacterial
ceives
generations. Humanity redevelopment of future

specialtyquite as aptly as

one

of its greatest

of medicine
is
limits

into

glory enough

to

in the

boons

specialties.To
for

man;

one

break-up of the general practice
with
cess
sucpractice a specialty

and

of

success

inquiry and investigation are
practice. It is this also which has done
different

schools

school

forgotten, and

is

contraries

and

of medicine.
the

similars,or

In the

is -assured

where

the

circumscribed

by specific
much
in reconciling the
investigation of disease the

physician

wanders

into theories

which

into
are

the

neither

realm

of

of these;

different
from
specialty, but
schools, consult frequently.Fortunately, for our specialty,no other
law is acknowledged save
that laid down
by the great Hippocrates.

hence, those

practicing the

same

the

According to
regardlessof
of the

either

in anatomy,

and

start.

(jnabled
are
by expechemistry, we
rience
and practice to classifydisease
observation

physiology
clinical

in both

practitionerappliesremedies
definite
a
or
effect,without
knowledge
of the
With
the foundation
present day

and

It is necessary

simplify remedies.
to be familiar
dentistrj'
to

operated

the

functions

the

It is said

themselves.

present

ascertained
itself.

the

This

the nature

of

cause

ing
successfully practic-

of the

and

remedies

therapeuticeffect

of disease.

health;

we

wherever

they may
having
naturally suggests

of medicine

remedy
and
practicability

that

discoveries

new

in

In the
constantlybeing made.
of their
a thorough knowledge
properties
will aid greatly in the successful
treatment
are

for

practitionerin this city (Chicago)has applied
of the mouth
simple remedy to mtiny pathologicalconditions
He
of the disease
he
was
ignoi'antof the causes
twenty years.

has

been

one

An

be

to

parts
in

when

parts

by teachers

of disease

cause

the

of

anatomy

disease, the

a

theory gains in

applicationof
and

with

in

appreciate the pathologicalconditions

then

can

and

upon,

the

of contraries
cause

the

at

cases

law

77

Societies.

Dentai.

old

treating,and

of the

the

drug to be harmless
injuriouseffects. That
If

the

by

accept

and
he

conclusions

freed

so

has

application of

the

effects of

of

previous convictions, lor,

law

before

I

surprising.
dentistry,we

to

do

should

hinted,

possibilityof

is not

success,

contraries

Fernelius,
as

the

I

knew

against

so

not

am

all

advocate

an

dogmas, and least of all,"contraria contrarius curanter
look upon
the applicationof contraries
applied to dentistry." If we
understood
as
by Hippocrates and Galen when specificstood
then
gently
intelliapply this treatment
place of contraries,we
may
ster,
in the practiceof dentistry. A specific,
according to Webaction
in the prevention
"is a remedy which
exerts
a specific

as

in

and

of

cure

a

This

disease."

definition

theory in the treatment
Dentistry has the advantage
diagnose
Xext
teeth.

times.

cleanse

the

first
to

Faces
the

lesions

most

The

of

of

of

He

scientific

of

to

a

used.

drug

his mind

been

not

the

the

of

hands

effort to

Patients

insist that
very

agree

in
specialties

and

apply

deserves

cleansed

are

greatest
mouth

mouth

this

godliness comes

and

other

over

specificwhich

not

with

nelius'
Fer-

disease.

of

the

would

clean

the

specificwhen
often

the

they take
frequently;

in

teeth
the
but

the

ability

remedies

attention

our

the

is

essary.
nec-

ness.
cleanli-

applied to the
quires
day, but it re-

one-half

greatest
appearances

that
care

number

of, and
indicate

78

The

either
this

that

duty
and

the

to

is not

properly

makes

them

exaggerate

the

of

care

dismiss

the
fillings;

strong alkaline
teeth

by

two

should

of

or

when

only

clean

the

himself

dentist

cannot

we

this

say

he

rules
is

that

or

is

a

oughly
thor-

pathology.
vite
in-

to

down

lays

that

plain

proper

coudition

a

the

of

programme

in

in

Dentists
with

patients, but

his teeth

have

and

they brush

first specificin dental

the

old

condition

that

fact remains.

the

for

around

vitiated

that

us

as

ready

they are
or
decay

them

assure

of

illustrate
the
inspection, and
patients. In treating neuralgia,it

associated, for

tell

through

should

year

cavities

we

teeth

string
quill go
instructingpatientsin

a

ine
exam-

iiistructions

definite

Still the

day.

a

Dentists

condition; saliva

cleanliness, they

times

unpleasantness of

the

frequency.
In

inflamed

an

and

brushes

the

approximal

new

three

that

or

afterwards.

condition; and

want

not

The

in

gums

done

patients without

teeth

again, with

treatment

Dentistry.

of

it

till,and

is caused

Archives

his

to

be
dogma can
for neuralgia,

no

cure

The
idea
the disease.
we
radicallycure
by removing the cause
should
be
in all cases
of applying the same
remedy to a disease
discouraged; for while a remedy may produce the desired effect in
the majority of cases
disease, it may fail in some.
having the same
in the application of ai'senic for
is particularlynoticeable
This
but

the

destruction

for

the

of

of

obtunding

in

and

pulps,

sensitive

The

abscess.

occupied
he

that

in

dentist

by treatingthe symptoms.
(the symptom), and we
phosphate regardlessof the
teeth
have

to

refilled before

be

the

We

to

of

nine-tenths

that

it

to

occur

examine

of
of

ages

be

the

teeth

find

and

a

gold, tin,amalgam or
the decay of the teeth.

twelve

life.
until

him

homeopathic principle,viz.,

the

cause

is

his time

of

Does

teeth.

in alveolar

hydrogen

fill it with

adult

will continue

and

from

the

filled between

are

peroxide

decayed

lesions

these

and

finds

in

fillingcavities

treats

acid

aconite

and

iodine

of

dentine, and

carbolic
peri-cementitis,and

in

medicaments

application of

the

and

of .teeth is

Decay
the

that

twenty

oxy-

Few

do
the

instead

is treated

cause

on

ity
cav-

not

crease,
inof

symptoms.
DISCUSSION.

Dr.

by
the

Dr.

Dentists

the

teeth, and

Nichols.

did

is

There

should

attention

he

"

one

point in

particularlystrikes

that

Talbot

teeth.

I called

J.

A.

not

of
take

insist upon

it

and

cleanliness.

patientsto the
kindly at all. "Why,"
of

one

me,

the

my

paper
that
A

presented
is,cleaning

short

time

condition
he

ago

of his

said,"Iclean

Dental

teeth

my

"

"You

do?

that

way,"

said
said

or

eight times

If

a

or

four

it is

even

three
and

It

simply

was

that

day;

a

times

breakfast

for

in

me

conviction

teeth

and

on

six

about

going

bed.

to

the

day, and gets up
ground for complaint,

during

will be

night, there

at

his

States."

down

to

man

a

cleans

often

good suggestion

a

He

him.

so

like

United

the

expression of

an

is, between

his teeth

in

man

I don't

that;

addressing

cleans

person

"I do

he.

living

other

any

I.

in thus

part

my

than

more

79

Societies.

no

dentists

themselves.

in a great measure
fault
at
are
Allport. Dentists
with regard to patients not
knowing how to clean the teeth.
They
in
this
It
should
be
done
should
be instructed
regard.
particularly
systematicallyand thoroughly. I am in the habit of showing my
W.

W.

Dr.

"

patientshow

young

work

the

is

to
insistingthat they conform
ten
yes, I might say nineteen

habit

a

knowledge

no

to

really as

properly instructed
old

alike

are

and

mouth

large, and

are

m.outh;

indeed, they

are

We

unfit for the purpose.
instruct

and

matters,

put

all

like

more

be

the

ceeds
suc-

not

and

young

brush

careful

to

and

to

in

own

my

Then, again,

brushes,

patients how

our

properly
they are

Both

proceed.
adapted

shoe

should

cording
Ac-

Scarcely a day elapses but

to

at

not

teeth.

that

themselves.

of

out

patientshave

"

the

simple reason

to

me

brush

time

same

Nine

in twenty

person

patientshow

brushes

such

for

the

at

twenty

every

in this respect.

my

too

one

dentists

the

by

necessary

show

not

and

cleanliness.

should

they

for the
bicuspids,

deficient

it becomes

what

how

observation,

my

cleaning the

in

to

of

of

out

"

done,

be

to

the

size of

and

are

the
the

utterly

conscientious

decay

prevent

in

of

the

teeth.
Dr.

E.

Noyes.

ever

become

in

the

diseased

"nt

and

and

strict

condition
accurate

so

both

a

If the

"

will

be

practice

dentistryor

then
scientific,

sense

and

of

the

remedy

perceive,that the
connected
by necessary
to

the

medicine
relation

between

for it will become
one

will

rules

so

suggest

and

shall

appar

the

laws.

The

other
son
rea-

cine
why they are not so at present is because the practiceof mediscientific.
and dentistryis empirical and not
The
great aim in
is to abridge the area
of empiricism and increase
dentistry and medicine
that
are
are

science.

of

The

investigationsand

thinking,experimenting, and
spending
in this direction, in
very largely turned

may

obtain

than

she

has

a

wider

ever

scope

yet been

and
able

efforts

time
the

stronger grasp
to

do.

The

idea

of

men

who

for

originalwork,
hope that science

upon

these

should

matters

be present

The

80

in the minds

of all

is desirable

to be

Dentistry.

of

persons,tliat
they

accomplished;

relations

or

Archives

that

their eyes

open

under

come

may

what
thoroughly pei'ceive

may

their

to

stances
all facts, circum-

observation

leading

in this direction.
G. Reed.

J.

Dr.

cleaning

I

"

teeth

the

want

which

mention

to

strikes

me

the

small

of

use

these

to

bands,

patientsand

my

It becomes

them.

use

rubber

a

It is novel, and

done.

present time,

instead

have

taught a great

habit

with

the

many

them

after

is

becoming

custom

a

to

It is being
consists

and

in

1 recommend

floss silk.

of

relation

novel.

being quite

as

the

practicedquite frequently at

in

matter

a

how

persons

is easily

while,and

and

more

to

more

common.
SECTIOX

IN

DENTISTRY.

practicabilityof establishinga section in dentistryat the
Medical
International
next
Congress, to be held at Washington, D.
brought before the Society by Dr. T. W.
Brophy,
C, in 1887, was
and the matter
was
ably and eloquently discussed by Drs. Harlan,
Baldwin, Grouse, Gardiner, and Allport.
In this country
the recognized leaders
Dr.
we
are
Brophy said:
be neglect
in this specialtyof medicine, and it would
of the world
dental professionnot
of the American
the members
to make
were
The

some

towards

taken

direction.

in this

move

I believe

furtherance

the

this

of

no

action

object, and

has

yet been

this is but

itiatory
in-

an

step.

three

of

Brophy, seconded
appointed to confer with

motion

On

of

was

motion

Place

Clapp,

a

of

committee
other

tal
den-

11

at

11:1.5

a.

read

and

this Association

of

and

11

SOCIETY.

12,

1884.

Meeting

by

the

President,

m.,

held

was
was

Dr.

at

called
D.

M.

Boston.

Record
and

Meeting

December

on

December

order

to

members

the

DENTAL

Annual

Twentieth

Boylston

Crouse,

societyadjourned.

MASSACHUSETTS
The

Dr.

by

for this purpose.

societies
On

Dr.

of

last

meeting

appoved,

also report of

officers

committees.

Dr.

G.

F. Eames,

Voted

Inflammation."

Worcester,
June,
Boston.

1885.

Boston,

jointlywith
The

Annual

that
the

read
the

paper

was

"Intimate

Nature

of

meeting be held in
Valley Dental
Society in
read by Dr. E. G. Leach,

semi-annual

Connecticut
Address

on

Societies.

Dental

Bradford, M.

C. H.

anchylosis of

of

D., Boston, exhibited

lower

J. H.

Kidder, Lawrence,

Dr.

H.

Mai'cy, Boston, Chairman

Committee

and

read

Medical

Massachusetts

the

patient with

a

ital
congen-

jaw.

Dr.

C.

81

presented

a

his essay.

Experiments.

of Committee

Legislation

on

Society,explained the
of

copy

the act

be

to

object of
presented to

his
the

legislature.
At
Dr.
of

7

p.

R.

R.

tooth
Dr.

Uses

in

to

exhibited

Salem, read

full power

members

the

in

J. Tufto.

by

diiferent

processes

twenty micro-photographs.

Operative Dentistry.
that a specialcommittee

with

the

Cambi'idge,^discussed

and

C. Meriam,

served

was

Andrews,

formation

H.

Voted

collation

M.,a

"Gutta-Percha

an

essay,

of

five be

Dr.

D.

B.

with

Its

this Society

appointed by

connected

matter

and

lation.
Legis-

Dental

Ingalls,Clinton,

"

J. G.

W.

"

G.

F.

Eames,

"

E.

H.

Smith, Boston.

"

J. H.

Werner,

Boston,

Boston,

Kidder, Lawrence,
Committee.

December
"The
The

12.

Effect

of

Second

Dr.

E.

Sugars

following

President, Dr.
First

"

J. F.

Adams,

Vice-President,
E.

Treasurer, Dr. Edward

-

for the

-

-

-

E.

B.

-

f ac-simile

of

Worcester.
-

-

-

-

Page,
Page,

on
Page, Committee
old diploma, w^hich

Lynn.
Boston.
Boston.

.

.

-

.

-

Charleston.

.

.

Cambridge.

.

G. F.

Eames, Boston,

"

J. K.

"

E.

Knight, Cambridge,
Leach, Boston,

"

J. G. W.

"

F. A.

C.

Werner, Boston.

Cooke, Boston,

Executive
E.

Cavity."

year:

-

Hitchcock,

Dr.

W.

on

paper

Oral

ensuing

Stevens,

Librarian, Dr. R. R. Andrews,

Dr.

a

,

S. C.

Dr.

in the

Compounds

elected

were

Vice-President, Dr.

Secretary,Dr. W.

their

and

officers

Hitchcock, Boston, read

B.

Committee.

Diploma, presented
was

a

steel

plate

accepted.
Dr.

W.

E.

Page, Secretary.

The

82

Archives

Dentistry.

of

MISCELLANY.

SANITARY

ADVANTAGES

OF

BY

Lecturer

of

the

of

greatest

CAMPBELL,

R.

Medical

Hyg-icne,

on

ventilation

The

F.

THE

ELECTRIC
M.

Department,

D.

Niagara.University.

public halls, churches
from

importance

LIGHT

and

theatres

is
of

sanitarypoint
evening, when

a

ter
mat-

a

view.

not
places are generally used in the
only
from
the
tion
combusrespiratoryimpurities,but, also, those derived
In devising methods
of illuminatinggas vitiate the air.
of
seldom
ventilation, impurities due to this latter source
are
thought

These

exhalations

of, only the

In

almost, if

not

electric

either

human
the
and

by
by

avoided

or

neither

light,which

sideration.
body being taken into conof
combustion
are
products
injuriousas those of respiration.

removed

be

ventilation

of

systems

the

reality,however,
quite,as abundant

should

These

of

consumes

introduction

the
the

oxygen

of

ter
bet-

employment of the
nor
produces ities.
impur-

,

In

order

places it
A

man

in

an

that

to

will be

exhales

about

at

space

3,000 cubic

feet

a

of

for

this amount
under

the

small

gas

same

proper

air per

each

gas

time.

degree
dioxide

a

the

electric

evils of
cubic

To
of

illumination

foot

of

will

give

maintain

the

burner

in 10,000, there

and

burner, if the

chandelier

is

seating six

hundred

in

times

air of

will

gas.

dioxide

off four

individual

done

these

by

carbon

purity, containing

seldom

in

light

for each

hour

ventilator, a thing

dome

the

state

of

parts of carbon

six

than

the

to

six-tenths

ordinary

in

amount

of

advantages

necessary

An

hour.

the

prove

an

not

be

more

required

four
not

churches

closed
en-

times

placed
lic
pub-

and

lighted by one
and
hundred
bon
carfiftygas burners, for example, produces as much
To
the
dioxide
as
change the air of
congregation itself.
sufficient
with
such
rapidity with any
a
place in cold weather
halls.

A

church

ordinary system
and

the

of

heating and

impuritieswill

persons,

ventilation, would

necessarily become

be

next

to

possible,
im-

exceedingly

The

84

sium-iodide
store

when

placed

liberation

electric

have

no

were

not

placed

attacks

ozone

air

the
outside

those

rapidly than
that

in

papers

iodide.

above

the

and

supplanted'
by

in all
electricity
Med.

Buffalo

"

and

places of

Surg.

the

ozone,

of

ozone

test

attribute

becomes

the

for in them

If

we

With
the
recent
atmosphere.
lightingwe may confidentl}^
expect to

electric

to

lightthey changed
This

pers,
pa-

markedly.

so

production

air.

the

a

blue, it is

exposed

we

papers
no

more

the

to

destroyed,

the

purifying

from

evident,

so

the

organic matter

blue
became

not

The

room.

The

became

when

in

used.

rapidly nor

so

lights is not
spark passing through

are

papers

Swan

and

Edison

the

same

not

change
the potassium

impurities in

by

The

in the

the

lights

lights,rapidly

ozone.

conducted

experiments

Brush

placed outside, but

attributed

to

by

the

three

the

over

iodine

of

true, when
We

where

street

Dentistry.

of

and

employed

were

Main

on

Archines

fact
thus
in

improvements
the

see

public worship

use

of

and

ment.
amuse-

gas

Journal.

CORRESPONDENCE.

WORLD'S

THE

EXROSITION.

New
As

Association, and

Dental

for

only
the

to

of

readers

the

Cotton

Centennial

will be

at

many

high

dentists

from

the

Archives

from

boats

by

on

tide

of

the

a

fine view

a

of
of

wish*

1885,

to

say

Dental

open

successful

a

world

located

this

will
in

the

be

of

words,

boats,

is obtained

25

at

of

cents

the

the

crescent

not

city,and
the

time

assemble

to

World's

the

to

which
when

so

here.

the

City Park, about
ble
city)and are accessi-

(the heart of the
MississippiRiver; hourly trips being
street

rangement
Ar-

in this

held

few

ern
South-

Association, but

operation at

the

are

in

1885.

Committee

the

to

of

member

general,in regard

now

all parts of

Canal

excursion

numerous

I

Southern
in

Exposition buildings

five miles

route

of

Exposition

its

The

Meeting

La., January 1,

as

chairman

as

part of March,

members

the

Orleans,

Annual

the

latter

the

city in

New

of

resident

old

an

Orleans,

round
outline

made

by

trip. By

this

of

the

city's

85

Correspondence.

river

front, extending

and

Gretna

A

fine wharf
Great

the

The

by

run

mule

at

cars

Thus
it is well

The

rates

easilyaccessible by five lines
engines."
"dummy
by steam

also

are

or

accessible

gi'oundsare

known

that

lines

of

all the

city in

no

street

lines

are

grounds comprise

embellished

with

fountains.

In

the

of

area

lawns

vast

and

vines

second

a

240

acres,

palms

are

varieties

rooted

of

from

substance

only

months

or

America, and
Here

bloom.
every

the

enclosure,

one

and

streams

side

Central

and

Mexico
are

riant
in luxu-

seen

bulbs

Mexico;

from

an

with

be
glass building,may
stage of growth,
every

immense
in

fruit

the

from

rough

on

weeks

sawed

at

also over
Here
are
tropicalislands.
their
derive
orchids, those strange plants which
rank
in
air
luxuriance,
the
alone, growing

transplantedbodily
250

under

paid

is

fare

the

with

Honduras.

Hall,
loaded

Orleans.

New

sparkling
interspersed with beds of glowing
and
trees
shrubbery, transplanted

lakes, running

from

Horticultural

cocoanut

seen,

trains

long

five cents,

of

planted with forest
from
all portions of the United
States, from
Side
America, and from foreign lands.
by
and
palms
Norway
growth, firs from
Holland

road
rail-

steam

run

city of

fare

single

line,where

an

is

the

than

flowers, and

from

cars,

A

point in the city,for
tersected
more
thoroughly in-

every

world

the

a

artificial

The

from

cars

exception of the "dummy"
"half-way" station.
The

of street

intervals.

short

on

will

of construction, which

in process

by

Exposition landing, where

the

at

will anchor.

power,

the

erected

been

Eastern

is also
of

has

grounds

Algiers

miles, with

fifteen

of

opposite bank.

the

on

distance

a

slabs
ago

which
may

variety, and

are

of
from

the

sections

short

or

thousands

seen

from

every

forth

of

portion

of

their

plates of
of

the

limbs,

of

forests

in the

trees

continuallysending

also be

coming

bark,

tral
Cen-

ite
exquisfruit of

American

continent.
The

Main

Building

single partition wall.
12,000

persons

has

36

The

in comfortable

acres

of

floor

Auditorium
opera

chairs.

of

space,
the
The

unbroken
Music

by

Hall

floor of

the

seats

position
Ex-

into
rectangular spaces,
systematicallydivided
in the way
allotted to particularexhibits, every imaginable device
its
to
of pagodas, pavilions,etc., being constructed
display the exhibproper

to

the

best

is

advantage.

a

The

86

So

admirable

Archives

is the

Dentistry.

of

of

system

location

in finding any given exhibit,the spaces
difficulty
and

lettered

in its

own

is to

The

Government

Model
the

stationry"

is also

the

elegant and

the

row,

no

all numbered

being

exhibits

and

found

of

State

Office,the

relics

kind

the

located
and

"watch

of

the

Smithsonian

largest and
public.

the

devoted

large structure,

exhibits.
and

Of

will

Greely Expedition

be

to

former

the

scientific

other

of

display

the

far

put before

ever

collective

attractive

Co., by

is another

Building
and

Post

of

Manufacturing

exhibit

Government

and

be

Dental

complete

most

the

latter

S. S. White

the

"book

the

class

is

there

etc.

row,

the

Each

exactness.

as

roio,

jewelry"
In

with

that

adopted,

the

exhibits,

found

especially

interesting.
The

State

exhibits

are

complete and,

very

as

rule, artistic

a

and

novel.
The

Mexican

for the

Government

accommodation

Mexican

Art

The

iron

of

one

troops, etc., the

has

massive

is

miles

the

for

of

and

roof

glass

doors.

bronze

shafting

immense

an

other

magnificent display.

most

a

buildings,one

fire-proof building,with

a

Hall

which

characteristic

two

State

walls, having

Machinery

engines,

her

forms

is

Gallery

corrugated

horse

of

exhibit, which

The

has

by

run

Harris-Corliss

five

gigantic
700

of

engine

power.

The

Live

Stock

breed,
Thus

all parts of

the

world.

provided

for.

The

are

literateur,the

scientist,the

the

the

machinist,

will

cational
To

exhibits

from

all tastes

whom

Department

find

something

of

the

the

especial interest

in

ist,
art-

miner, the

live-stock

the

mestic
do-

every

professional man,

merchant,

and

farmer

of

chanic,
me-

of

all

man;

this great

educa-

have

show

exhibit.
and

one

There

you.

the

prize animals

all,we
is

say:
for

room

Come

and

all,and

what

see

we

will

accommodations

ample

to

be

provided.
committee

The

city

in

but

expressing

agreeable
dental

and

the

their

most

association

voice

the

sentiment

determination

of
to

make

profitable,as they hope
ever

profession in

the

this

the

it will

be

the

D.

D.

S.

this
most

est,
larg-

held.
J. R.

Chairman

of

Walker,

Committee

of

Arrangements.

Journalistic.

AN
Editor

by

Archives

side

lifted off the

the

attempting
revealing an

to

tooth-ache

continued

in

that

extract

About

also.

was

also

absorbed.

was

new

of

three

of
by reason
adjoining permanent

Le

to

Relief

few

of

the

crowns

The

roots.

tient
pa-

hours, saying that
On

ing
sound-

of

root

this tooth
The

case

absorption of

the

roots

without

Mars, Iowa.

same

operation.

this last

teeth

of

molar

first molar, I decided

the

extensive

the

me

I found

abatement.

and

one-half

followed

of

a

before, without

as

consulted

was

teeth, both

these

absence

by percussion the intervening tooth
to

inferior

extract

entire

I

ago

examination

on

dismissed, but she returned

then

was

days

second

the

In

gum,

few

A

and

bicuspid

quite loose.

ABSORPTION.

OF

tooth-ache, and

severe

inferior

second

CASE

of Dentistry:

lady having

a

the

UNUSUAL

87

visible

a

E. D.

cause.

D.

Brower,

D.

S.

NOTICE.
The

Nineteeth
will be

1885,

at

10

Annual
held

in

Dental

Tennessee

ciation
Asso-

Nashville, beginning Tuesday, February 24,

in

M.,

A.

the

of

Meeting
the

Lecture

of

Hall

the

of

University

Tennessee.

^

"

"

1^

"

JOURNALISTIC.
'Beading maketh

a

and

Prehistoric

Dentistry.

1885, contains
G.

YanMaster,
of

of

a

full man;

writing,

an

The

"

conference,

a

ready

man;

man."

exact

Independent

Practitioner

ioY January,

interestingillustrated ai'ticle,
by Dr.
is described
certain
Italy, in which

very

Rome,

prehistoric dental

in

art

Italy,

in

now

the

J.
dences
evi-

Corneto

Museum.
The

specimens
taken

were

Roman

described

are

respectivelyfrom

tombs, which

date

the

back

partial gold dentures,

two

ruins

to

of

live and

ancient
four

which

Etruscan

hundred

years

and
fore
be-

Christ.
The
an

relic taken

from

the

Etruscan

tomb

appliance for securing iu position three

(500 years B. C.) was
superior artificial teeth,

i.

The

88

by banding
teeth

two

were

side.

them

Archives

the

to

adjoining

incisors

central

artificial centrals

The

Dentistry.

of

natural

and

and

the

teeth.

first

the natural

artificial

The

bicuspid of

lateral

and

the

left

cuspid of

still in a fair state of preservation,
and retained
right side were
in positionby the
gold bands; while the natural lateral,cuspid,
second
bicuspid and artificial first bicuspidof the left side were
encircled
lost.
The
three artificial teeth were
by gold bands and
secured
by a rivet passed through each tooth; these bands were
united to other bands
fitted to the lateral and cuspid of both sides,
and to the second
bicuspid of the left side.
The
tomb
specimen taken from the ancient Roman
(400 years B.
the Etruscan
on
placing
C.) was an apparatus of gold made
plan, for reinferior incisor teeth, the bands
two
encirclingtwo natural
One
teeth on the right side,and one
the left.
of the artificial
on
teeth was
still
missing,but the rivet which passed through it was
in position.
artificial teeth were
The
evidentlycarved from the teeth of some
large animal, and well executed, and the gold work
neatly made.
the

of the article claims

The

author

age

of these
and

that

relics,or

they

there

be

can

no

reallyfound

were

about

doubt

in ancient

the

can
Etrus-

tombs.

Roman

and
times
as
frequently made
many
doubted
derstood
by equallygood authority that the ancient Egyptians unand practicedthe art of dentistry,
and in proof of this it
filled with
is claimed
that teeth
gold and artificial teeth carved
covered
from
ivory and fastened in positionwith gold wire have been disThe

been

has

statement

"

"

of mummies.

in the mouths
The

Greek

of medicine

historian, Heroditus, says, in speaking of the science

practicedby the ancient Egyptians, that every physician
confine
himself
the
of
disease
to
one
was
cure
obliged to
himself
to the treatment
only (or rather to one organ),one devoting
of the
Plow
the art

as

eyes, another
far

of

the

to

teeth, and

this

people in their
dentistrywe may never

so

wonderful

know,

on.

civilization
but

from

the

advanced
same

in

author-

practicedthis branch of
and polishwith those found
of equal education
the healing art were
scientific
branches
other
of medicine; for
in the
learning and
taught and practiced
knowledge in all its various departments were
vidual
by the priesthood;and in order to obtain this knowledge the indiitv

we

are

had

led to believe

to

in the order.

take

the

that

vows

the

of the

men

who

priestwhile young,andbe

reared

89

Journalistic.

invention
has
of

of

the

tombs

British

caries

That
we

place reliance

may

Cornelius

(A.

Celsus, a

D.

noted

of

art

plugging

of

the

time

of

diseases

of

the

teeth

and

with

teeth

noted
cremating all but the most
in
of the evidence
destroyed most

however, of the artificial dentures

made

reference
have

we

other

in

history to" the

above

discovery,

to,forms

an

esting
inter-

perfection

what

to

the

frequent

by these people,
equal proficiency in the
teeth

of the

care

practice

The

attained,and from

attained

they had

doubt

no

referred

their

consequently

has

direction.

this

dentistryhad

of Roman

this branch

dead

their

of

rius
Tibe-

ing
introduc-

or

Roman

The

demonstrates

es-idence, and

link in the

foil.

gold

of

inventing

with

accredited

also been

has

doubt,

no

surgeon

Roman
the

be

can

terial.
ma-

history.

written

upon

this

filled with

there

surgery

Greek

ancient

from

unmistakably

are

upon

14-37) wrote
and

treatment,
the

teeth

taken

skulls

practiced dental

Romans

the

that

contains

certain

It

teeth.

diseased

of

acquainted with the art
they were
by plugging the cavity with gold foil,and

museum

in which

extraction

the

Esculapius for

third

the

to

practiced to

also

was

surgery

for the

stated

been

treatingdental

dental

gives credit

Cicero
instrument

an

furthermore

that

if

and

extent,

some

Greeks

ancient

the

Among

an

departments.

We

invention

of

acknowledge
have

men

inclined

been

have

there

thought

be

to

seems

"nothing

the

out

under

new

ideas

same

ages

the

an

have

but again we
civilization,

superior modern

our

dentistry was

that

ourselves

Hatter

to

to

sun;" other

before

we

were

born.

Chloroform
Med.

in

effects
of this

disorder
Surg. Jour.) says in treating
curative
the
is no fact in therapeuticsmore
striking than
of a few drops of chloroform
injectedin the neighborhood
of the
division
of the nerve
(the superior maxillary branch

is

seat

of

neuralgia.

frequently affected,and
which
is most
easilyreached

most

Given

treatment:

of the

corner

of the

the

nerve) when

this division

lift the

{Buffalo

Bartholow

this intractable

fifth cranial
which

Dr.

"

and

"there

of

Douloureux.

Tic

case

lipand

membrane

mucous

mouth, pass it

a

up

till its

fortunately so,
by

of the

extremity

the

hypodermic
lip and
comes

division
for

needle

the

is

at

the

nerve,

tion
junc-

cavityof
neighborhood

that of the
in

it

following method

involving this

of tic douloureux
inserta

It is the

the
of

The

90

the

nerve,

the

former

and

injectfive

is the

immmediate

have

the

Mr.

the

hearts, their

almost

entire

through

form, from

the

species even

four orders

to

a

siderable
con-

twice

me

other

ures
meas-

and

lasts

At

"

a

as
reptiles,

branchiae, and

in

common

to

worm
*

*

*

an

above

physical

in the

ure
struct-

casionally
lungs, their octhe
variety of
and
alligator,

divided

Reptiles are

to
in-

third, Ophidias, an-

second, Batrachia, toads, frogs,etc.; the
etc., and

guinis,serpents,

the

seen

of

Dental

the

on

in

absence

larger.

of

paper

of

meeting

recent

a

first,Chelonia, including tortoises,turtles,etc.;

the

"

lizards,chameleons,

Reptiles of

lasts for

no

is

there

cases

complete,

variations

the
of

extinct

the

of

ether;

or

(British Journal

Society,

orders

external

some

Birds.

different

of

is

obtains

mentioned

breathing
their

majority

Fisher, L. D. S., read

author

their

of

Wm.

The

he

and

Naturalists'

Science)

structure

Reptiles

of

Dundee

topic.

the

chloroform

six months."

Teeth

The

the relief

answered;

less than

never

In

of

pain, which, if not permanent,
I have
a patient in Boston, who
comes
this injectionpracticed. In his case

have

to

year

efficient.

most

minims

fifteen

to

Dentistry.

of

relief of
time.

a

Archives

the

fourth, Sauria, including crocodiles,

etc.

almost

varieties

all

teeth, though this peculiarityis

have

not

an

endless

widely

so

succession

distributed

as

of

among

fishes.
The

chelonians

covered

with

the

habits

are

sharp, in
In

the

have

horny plates which

of

animal; in the

the

herbivorous

the

batrachians

upon

the

teeth

resting,when

above.
toads
the

have

upper

The

and

the

deviations
no

teeth,

and

and

blunt

single row
is

mouth
from

of

type

common
a

uneven.

upon

the

are

but

a

a

double

row

lower;

the

lower

the

two

rows

closed, between

this type

frogs have

is

teeth

however

singlerow,

quite mnnerous;
which

is upon

jaw.

newt,

don, each

the

jaw,

upper

The

margins of the jaws are
with
are
shaped in accordance
carnivorous
species the margins

teeth, but the

no

has

salamander, tad-poleand
a

distinct

system

of

its

the

great extinct

labyrintho-

own.

in both
the poisonous
strongly recurved
and
non-poisonous species,and being available only for seizingand
is one
There
it whole.
holding their prey, they invariablyswallow
of Africa, that has no
native
the Rachiodon
a
species of snake
In

serpents the teeth

"

are

"

92

The

Art

Auchives

in

Prof,

Dentistry;by
pamphlet of 24 pages,

a

for

Art

:

in

Continuous

L. P.

devoted

distribution.

general

Haskell, Chicago,
dental

to

It is divided

Gum

What

Work;

of Vulcanized

these

subjects

of

general reader,

is treated

Materials

Work;

Temporary
Save

in

and

Best

the

are

Natural

the

styleadapted

a

the

will

book

This

Ills.

Plates?

for

the

doubt

may

be

Each

of

What

Teeth.

to

no

Rubbert

comprehension
be

useful

found

for

Its object is to direct attention
gratuitousdistribution.
higher class stylesof artificial dentures, and especiallyto the
excellencies

of continuous

every

one

The

Rubber

Southern
"Letters

from

commended
will

is favored

with

Question.

By Mrs.
pamphlet

Journal.
a
on

soon

This
Mother

in

a

and

revised

a

the

many

tution.
SubstiThe
read

by

copy.
M.
is

the

by

Reprint

well-known

which

which,
and

J.

W.

Mother,"

a

hand,

every

re-appear

to

to

work.

gum

of
of Teeth
for the Insertion
Preparation of the Mouth
York.
By W. H. Atkinson, M. D., D. D. S., New
celebrityof the author of this paper will insure its being
who

is

prostheticsand designed
lows
into eight chapters,as fol-

Dentistry; Injurious Effects

and
Preparation of the Mouth
Expected of Artificial Teeth;

the

Dentistry.

of

we

has

so

In the

form.

of

author

gratifiedto

are

improved

been

the

from

highly
learn,
ment
treat-

thirty
question the author has collected over
of matter,composed largelyof quotationsfrom
distinguished
pages
of the use
of this material, and particudentists,in condemnation
larly
of

the

rubber

of

red

rubber,

as

a

for

base

MONTHLY

artificial teeth.

LIST

PATENTS.

OF

and
relatingto Dentistry bearing date November
December, 1884, reportedexpresslyfor this paper by Louis Bagger "fc
Co., Mechanical
Experts and Solicitors of Pat('nts,Washington,D.C.
For

inventions

Capsicum-bag; W. C. Foulks, Phila.,Penn.
E, T. Starr, Phila.,
Engine Angle Attachment;

307,53'7. Dental
307,686. Dental
Penn.

Impression-ouji;F. M. Palmiter, Fairburg, Nebr.
New
York, N. Y.
Tool; J. G. ]VIorey,
Separting Wedge, D. Genese, Baltimore, Md.

307,579. Dental
Dental

308,424.

309,709. Dental

^i

Dr.

J. H.
to

$1.00

years
the

Smith

has

per

and

with

any
at

other
least

"

i^

"

the

We

package.

past than

market,

"

reduced

price

have
of

equal

the

used

his Adamantine

of

more

of

this for

ment
Ceeral
sev-

phosphate preparations

satisfaction.

on

_C. T. S.

93

Editorial.

EDITORIAL.

It

be

to

seems

FILLINGS.

ENAMEL

AND

GOLD

combine

who

those

general experience of
the
same
cavity,that

the

the
saving result is
amalgam and gold, in
We
have
either is used alone.
yet to learn
more
lastingthan where
have
where
those who
adopted this method
of a single instance
Dr.
report adversely, as far as preservative -effects are concerned.
Kingsley is reported to have said, at the last meeting of the New
Dental

York

this method

with

it,however,

done

this

before

societymany

years

described

I have

ago.

I

reltictance,because

of

kind

a

I

that

remember

will

"You

Society:

always
had

been

to use
anything but gold; but I can say, in all candor
taught never
of these
known
that I have
one
and sincerity,
fillingsto
never
need
refilling.The amalgam portion may discolor,but the filling

Frank

Dr.

tooth."

the

will preserve

Abbott

the

at

"I

said:

meeting

same

know

very

spoken of by Dr.
filling
like to
teeth; but I have often thought I would
Kingsley will save
I do, why it is that
it than
about
knows
more
ask somebody who
the filling
takes place. In such cases
oxidization
this excessive
(he
comes
of
the
the amalgam
filling. Ed.) beportion
we
means,
suppose,
well

what

from

I have

kind

that the

seen

of

"

black

as

as

undergoes

part of the mouth
Dr.

the

undertakes

Transactions

of

his

giving
is

Palmer

S. B.

from

that

answer

well-known

a

fluid,if

unstable

coat,

your

fluid,these
and
an

two

the

to

Society) and,

negatively;that
electric

current

in

a

different

when
will

two

the
will

placed
be

the

question (we quote

it is for

the

Dr.

Palmer

metals

are

this item.

elements

or

this

answeV

principle that when
they are subject to

metals

material

same

change."

no

write

we

the

while

so

as

"It

says:

placed

in

effect of

decomposing

themselves

arrange
to

leave

result; that

of

purpose

a

when

space
the

an

the

tively
positween,
betwo

elements
of the
battery,
placed together,as the two
zation
the
The
of
action
there will galvanic
reason
greater oxidigo on.
the amalgam
is because
the gold is negative and
positive.
shown
the
takes
The
oxidization
as
amalgam,
by its
place upon
this action fills the dentine
turning black; and it is better, because
then
renders
it negative, and
which
metallic
substance
with
a

plates

there
me

not.

on,

to

are

is

no

action

between

it and

formation

of

an

acid

dentine.

Do

not

understand

positive;because, as a whole, it is
if there is decomposition going
animal
the
takes place,and
portion

is
say that the tooth bone
It is positivein this sense:

the

the

The

94

is

only

positive and

already acted
action
with

well-known

a

in

and

this

is

the

proportion as

is

gold

silver

black

then

when

they

the

The

other

gam,
amal-

becomes

surface

the

there

was

reason

it is very

and

two,

the

plates,which
when
they

annoyance

clean.

accordance

upon
the

the

less

times
somewere

was

no

lessened

much

by

oxidization."

the

We

in the

agree,

main, with

further

goes

and

caries

renewal

of

is used

alone, it

in

adjacent to it,than
to

this oxidization.

When

the

such

Palmer

a

result

overlooks

tubules

Dr.

to

combination

saving the tooth

is the

he

that

us

Dr.

oxidization," but when

why

lastingresult

seems

of

answer

show

to

attempts

effects a' more

materials

this

this "excessive

question,viz., why

Abbott's

of

less

was

were

between

galvanic action

he

There

Thus

in

the

upon

"

black.

and

negative

of dentine

surface

salts.

action

the

If you

battery.

lime

perfectlyclear

positive,and the greater the oxidization
the same
with
the galvanic current
as
turn

the

tilled with

It increases

law.

in

by insulation, the

becomes

I think

ceases.

element

an

dentine

upon

Dentistry.

or

becomes

softened

protect the

can

Archives

of

the

from

either

when

the

of
a
one

antisepticeffect
ing
surround-

dentine

tilled with this oxidized
"metallic
substance,"
plug beeome
not
the surrounding dentine
negative to a posonly becomes
sible
also
but
becomes
action,"
positively"negative" to
"galvanic
is clearly shown
action of micro-organisms, as
ments
by the experithe

it

"

"

the

Dr.

of
credit

to

and

gold
rather

than

Whatever

the

the

and

favorable

others; and

of
re^sults

the

are

we

of

use

much
this

inclined

more

combination

of

the
to
antiseptic effect of the oxidization,
amalgam
to its negative influence
to a possiblegalvanic action.
the real reason
tablished,
be, however, we
regard it as esmay
beyond question, that the use of gold and amalgam in

cavity,in

same

much

Miller

better

than

proper

the

use

of

proportions,is, in
either

material

cases,

many

very

alone.
C. T.

LOCAL
While

the
and

ANESTHETICS.

profession'sattention
otherwise,

S.

at

the

is

present

occupied
time

so

with

largely,experimentally
the

local

new

anaesthetic,hydrochlorate of cocaine, it may be well to not forget
old and familiar
the value of our
friend, sulphuric ether; at least
so

extracting teeth is concerned.
"outcome"
of the experimentation

far

final

as

Whatever
with

cocaine

may
"

be
when

the
we

Editorial.

shall have
other

reliahle

a

branches

will

properly applied in
rather

and

own

Our
cut

the

to

as

both

this in

ether; hold

indicate

may
the

several
to

applicationby

have

do

not

a

case

had

be

in

been

ether

when

when
the

made

pain

no

is

The

fumes

local

inhalation

ether

the

the

reason

effects
of

calm

the

as

of

current

a

cases

experienced.

secondly,

ten

or

cold

air

syringe. Repeat the
Go calmly at the
tion
operaof
time.
We
seldom
j^lenty
not
expressed surprise and

twice.

in

five

"

air

many

the
the

the

very

undoubted

of

keep

hurry; take a
the patient has

first, the
and

of

meantime

or

ether,

possible and, when
small pieces
a napkin, or
rapid evaporation of the

the

of

the

as

np

minutes

result,and

gratificationat
that

our

extracted, together with

several

means

pnce
a

high

prevent

in the

and

"

be

to

folds

positionfor

saturation,if necessary,
and

teeth

or

sides, as

cloth, in order

cotton

upon

tooth

this with

applied,cover

case

the

cover

tissue,on

gum

of

than

patients'satisfaction.
is to saturate
a piece of
"sjiunk" with

our

method

so

It has

extraction.

tooth

in

"

anticipateit

not

local anaesthetic

a

market

practicefor
ether when
extracting teeth, locally applied
years to use
than by inhalation, excepting in severe
much
to
cases, and

several

our

as

the

drug on
certainlydo

we

surgery

effective

more

any

prove

minor

of

this

of

preparation

95

remark
be

may
the

on

a

fold:
two-

tissues,

sufficient

excited

is

amount

of

the

of

apprehension; both of which repatient and allay mental
sults
are
by the aid of this consciousness,
largely brought about
the part of the patient,that something is being done.

to

condition

nervous

the

on

C. T.

ACUTE
A

features

some

inflamed
found

to

to

be

a

swollen
our

to

were
remove

considerable

extent,

notice, and
any

the

point
beyond

motion

sensitive

so
a

few

an

to

scales

tissue

gum

but

not

more

to

the

anything

lower
was

that

than

to

is

be

often

alveolitis,excepting

incisor

intense,
ever

posessed

found

was
so

chronic, infectious

inflammation

extent

in

entire

of

cases

portion anterior

an

rendering

presented itself, recently,that
The

this

At

ULITIS.

of interest.

present in

that
teeth.

ulitis

of acute

case

S.

and

cuspid

the

tissues

before

came

to

sensitive
extremely painful
condition,
of the jaw nearly impossible. The
parts
and

the

touch

of calculus

of

an
was

instrument
abandoned

that

the

before

effort to

anything

Archives

The

96

in this direction

parts with

We

accomplished.

was

solution

1-1000

a

Dentistry.

or

then

of bichloride

the
simply bathed
injectingthe
mercury,

of

next

the
teeth, and
thoroughly into the pockets about
On
his' appearance
the
patient for twenty-four hours.
exhibited
almost
surprising results. The
day, the case

had

begun

solution

had

swelling
of the

tissues

the

the

other

relieved

with

such

of

this

that

a

other

of

remedy

treatment

as

suggest
the

possesses

of

There

that

of

power

condition
was

calculus

all

was,

this case,

very

the

in

usually adopt

we

Disease."

character

pain

sensitiveness

removal

Now,

the

treatment,

congested

abnormal

present.

mercury,

the

thorough

similar

somewhat
of

the

"Riggs'

little calculus

bichloride

the

and

of

allowing

very

cases

or

after

hours

was

ordinary cases

but

three

largely disappeared,

teeth, and

more

two

very

entirely gone,
about

in

subside

to

missed
dis-

with

several

have

we

ever,
how-

treated

strongly the
acting on the

ion
conclustissues

germicidal effect. In this case, at
simple, well-known
to destroy the superficiallayer of pus-corpuscles,
least, it seemed
which
for the
of favorable
account
speedy manifestations
may
its

beyond

results.
The

and

prompt
of

favorable

suggested

treatment,

dentist

well

knows
in

He

short

a

the

E.

G.

surgical

tion
inflamma-

the

DAM.

so

late

chloride
bi-

C. T. S.

rubber
time

the

dam, when
to

as

become

exposed to
less
nearly use-

of

setts
Massachu-

meeting

the

Leach, of Boston, stated

that

he

in

almost
water.

that

At

purposes.

succeeded

case

RUBBER

Society, Dr.

Dental
had

use

the

to

reduce

to

of

use

surgicaltreatment.

air,will deteriorate
for dental

in this

PRESERVE

TO

the

following the
experience,subsequent

our

its

to the

preparatory

Every

in

mercury,

results

ticity,
preserving it, in its original strength and elasunder
indefinitely,by simply keeping it buried

adds

a

little carbolic

acid

the

to

water

to

keep

it sweet.

C. T. S.

For

the

wheels
and

some

whereby
They can
stem,

thus

last year
for

the

or

two

engine,

without, but
all the

we

all

have
some

been
with

having
of

using soft rubber polishing
grit mixed with the rubber

hard

rubber

slippingon the
used
and
be
on
a
worn
simple screw
the
avoiding
throwing away of half
annoyances

centres

mandril

or

is avoided.

quite to
worn

hubs,

out

the wire

points.
M.

ti3:e

Archives of Dentistry.
J
A

Vol.

Record

Monthly

No.

n.,

MARCH,

3.]

Of

all the

BY

from

During

of

all kinds

office

of

plugs, .etc.; they
dentists

as

while

five

perhaps

I think

scraps,
melt

them,

this

conducting
original;
Put

amalgam
red

the

the

heat

half

into

metal
process

into

the

a

they

couple
an

crucible

of

ingot;

may

it

irf

gives

is covered.

a

a

of

kind

of

get

as

of

is

worth

ing
contain-

them

in

the

to

re-

is

and

them

amalgam;
good

long

amalgams
of

a

gams,
amal-

so

amalgams

but

file

to

but

alloy, it

made

be

to

is about

cyanide

hours

box

a

them

use

by

ly
proper-

amalgam

as

the

this:

crucible;

Hessian

of

in

old

of

themselves,

nothing

use

one

proceed

of

ounce

to

is

in

Society.

accumulate

consisting

ounce

mercury,

only

use

to

way

an

a

the

process

best

scraps

for

off

dentists

Many

again.

an

there

legitimate

most

drive

affair

for

Dental

there

years

attention
If

PRACTICE.

Valley

mostly

small

a

over

ounces.

the

to

are

minutes'

five

few

a

GAMS
AMAL-

OLD

MASS.

Connecticut

scraps,

and

$2.00

pay

give

to

only

OF

SPRINGFIELD

the

before

well."

DENTAL

OF

MAYR,

read

paper

excel,

writing

SCRAPS

WASTE

CHAS.

practice

a

dentist's

a

is

PRODUCTS

PROF.

BY

the wise

masterpiece

OF

AND

^Extract

in which

arts

UTILIZATION

THE

Series.

[New

ARTICLES.

chief

Nature's

Art.

and

1885.

ORIGINAL
'

Science

Dental

of

add

for

potassium;

good
cleaner

draft

and

product

every
heat
pour
if

of

ounce

at

the

a

dull

ing
result-

during

the

98

The

This

high, otherwise
The
low

a

will
of

cyanide

and

not

heat

volatilize,and

is

excellent

an

excludes

to

care

give

to

gam
amal-

good

as

should

be

not

thereby the

tion
propor-

altered.

flux, because

amalgam

from

of

trace

every

recover

precious metals

the

extract

be

potassium

temperature

operator does

tin will

some

metal

the

of

at

DenI'istry.

of

ingot may be tiled and will be found
the original;it is important that the

as

too

Archives

the

it melts
If

oxygen.

the

in this manner,

he may

in

following

amalgam

the

manner:

old

The
at

temperature

a

is thus
the

which

at

driven

off, and
is

resulting mass

dissolved

the

of

some

undissolved

color

the

oxydizes

greater

the

more

is diluted
it is set

with

aside

oxide

silver,and

cause
be-

chloi'ine,so

After
the

then

remains

the

oxidation

times

Ave

in

liquidvarying

gold is present, and
turbid
gold. The

no

days, and

of

and

gold, however,

tin.

of
to

say

couple

a

if

amount

water,

for

of

oxydizes;

water

contains

floatingin

found

the

greater

the

of

part

of

tin and

the

always

violet; white,

to

it into

mercury

tin'

the

draft

strong

all the

of

amount

almost

will be

powder

a

white

from
the

which

in combination

ceased,

has

Almost

granulated by pouring

nitric acid

gold;

melts.

(-onsiderable

a

iiir,i)i a

of

access

silver

in nitric acid

commercial

with

melted,

are

scraps

the

then

ored
coltion
solu-

original

the

almost

ume,
vol-

less
color-

the top carefully poured oft". This
liquidon
litjuidcontains
to
usually nothing but silver and copper:
precipitate the silver it
is

into

poured

salt for

solution

a

of

ounce

salt

amalgam;

is chloride

which

of

of

white

a

silver; by gentle shaking, it

which

is

This

nothing

mixture
A

heat.
the

dry, mixed

to

globule
violet

was

decanted

then

treated

and

is put
of

crucible, which

gold, the

one

but

ounce
a

decanted

soda
into

about
and

then

be

precipitatefrom
washed

is

with

a

turbid
and

a

mixture
ten

mixed

is thus
utilized
which

and

of

to

liquid

collected

on

is

paper,

black

flux,

equal proportions.

melted

obtained
further.
the

the

bulk

in

obtained

at

a

the

at

To

bright

red

bottom

of
the

recover

of

first solution

silver

cou}"le of times
by decantation; it is
of hydrochloric and
nitric acid, about
of

ounces

liquid

its

of

ounce

1)6 made

can

bottom;

twice,

mixed

crucible

silver

the

twice

flour

sand

a

pure
may

for every

yellow

with

an

is
curdy j)recipitate

cling together and to settle rapidly to
washedonce
or
decanted, the i)recipitate
allowed

half

about

containing

result.

with

a

amalgam;
This
solution

its color

will

disappear

is diluted, allowed
of

common

to

tle,
set-

sulphate

of

The

100

that

say

time

present

the

even

among

informed

best

the

matter

are

more

than

that

of

of

be

to

accuracy

men,

leads

would

one

to

good

as

Of

do.

therefore,

as

should

truth

for the

of

any

be

of

be

supposed

Theories

use.

this,however,

long

there

as

we

is

however,

a

theory

happens that
ends

to

must

false

a

the

as

have

never

true

ance;
assur-

any

doubt, the search

reasonable

continue.

theory for the explanation of caries

The

to

usually contrived

means

can
a

regard

say,

that

are

it often

applicationof

an

I should

in

phenomena with sufficient
ment
the
prevention and treat-

in

not

tlieories

the

that

explainphenoraena,and

effort to

theory

must

disagreement,
important subject; and

greatest

this

explain the

It

to

the

on

great value, both

absolutelycorrect

in the

that

these

this affection.

of

is

It is proper

correct.
one

Dentistry.

of

there

it is still v^ery uncertain

that

be

the

at

Archives

which

has

received

the

times, is
recognition in modern
to
account
the acid theory. This theory seems
is known
what
as
tained
for the phenomena
more
perfectlythan any other that has yet atAs a working
of
thinking men.
prominence in the minds
to found
principlesof treatment, it has
theory, a basis upon which
of much
good. Yet, in the scientific
undoubtedly been the means
objection to be urged against
aspect of the subject,there is much
greatest attention,and

the

widest

of work
large amount
demonstrating the absolute truth

it.

A

be

regarded

as

The

object is concerned.
basis

of

service
of
time

as

which

has

hand

other

the

of

are

the

upon

all

writers,

is active

has

theory; all

attainment
not

been

value.

immense

of

view

the

of

which

that

is

this

must

particular

lost,however,
It

of

but

on

labor, the

as

Dr.

has

looking

forward.

theory, the

the chemical

acid; this

an

enamel, therefore

cavitytoward

and

the

with

done

brought to light,that will be of most
for the
theories
in the building up c^f other
tion
explanato us
until
such
the phenomena, which
serve
us
usefully
may
theories shall be displaced by demonstration; the
goal to

we

the

this

of

as

labor
of

been
it

fact which

According to
decomposed by
than

far

failure,so

a

been

has

very

the

Watt, have

acid
the

internal

substance

of the

tooth

is

dentine
readily on
tendency to the enlargement
Some
portions of the tooth.

acts

attempted

to

more

define

the

acids

thus

ing,
act-

decays into classes according as this or that acid
thus pointed
been
acids that have
in its production. The
nitric acid
(white decay), sulphuric acid (black decay),
to

divide

out

arc,

and

chlorohydric

acid

(intermediatecolors).

101

Selections.

Most
been

of

have

some

have

little or

other

acids

The

been

nothing

views

of

with

Watt

Or.

this country, but

do

to

not

seek

that

show

to

work.

ugly

the

in

commendation

nauch

There,

old.

in the

and

matter,

received

have

so

this

on

the

do

likelyto

moi-e

are

written

have

without

content

while

subject,however, have
specifyingthe particularacids so delinitely;
of the
opinion that these particularacids

who

those

other

'

been

have

men

prominent, and we find that while they have agreed in the main,
have
As
there are
them.
said,
we
important differences between
Dr. Watt
has maintained
that decay is caused
nitric,
,'
by the acids
chlorohydric,and sulphuric,with possiblyothers.
acids has
been
In Europe the influence of these particular
very
generally denied, and the results attributed to other acids,as the
the organic acids. Among
known
as
lactic,acetic and the group
those that have
this subject,
examined
perhaps, have attained
none,
a wider
hearing than Magitot, of Paris. This gentleman published
.

"

a

work

subjectin 1868, in which
the subject,arrivingat the

this

on

of

he makes

extended

an

that

conclusion

amination
ex-

is

decay

the saliva
derived
from
These
however
are
acids,,
by acids.
action.
Dr. Magitot instituted a
through the process of ferment
the effects of the suspected
long series of experiments to determine
of the
that most
acids on the teeth. This series of experiments shows
organic acids act very feebly on the teeth in the proportion of one
to
thousand
and
that in the
to one
of water;
proportion of one
mitted
hundred
one
they act quite energetically;so that the teeth subwithin a few
will V)e completely decalcified
to their action
tinued,
conweeks
months.
Most
of this series of experiments were
or
caused

for two

however,
caries

be

may

produced by

any

conclusion

The

years.

the

of

of

group

to

seems

acids

be that

that may

be

the lactic,
These
of the saliva.
are
developed by the fermentation
acetic, butyric,etc.
Dr. Magitot states
distinctlythat the agency of micro-organisms
is admitted
in the production of these acids
by him; but discusses
termine
deeffort to
He
makes
this phase of the subjectno
further.
no
to

All

of

his

what

experiments

whatever
may

have

had

on

determination

acids, necessary

to

of

the
to

of

out

ascertain

the case,

formed

be

may

solutions

his

being

acids
tried

were

made

was

This
is the

these

extent

the
the

in the

the

only

strength of

decalcify a

effect

that

progress

the

tooth.

and

mouth,

result

the

in

of

of the

solutions

mouth.
no

vision
pro-

tion
fermenta-

experimentation.
experiments

of

his

these

ferent
dif-

102

The

Archives

This, togetherwith
that

of

most

that

may

the

these

in the

on

go

fact

acids

Dentistry.

of

obtained

from

other

the

products
mouth, gives much
are

of

ing
show-

vsources,

certain

force

tions
fermenta-

Magi-

Dr.

to

tot's conchisions.

Very

the work

came

The

work

of

the

that

decay of

the

been

do

does

fungus

say, after

life and

growth

that

surfaces

of

are

of

an

normal

condition
and
this

we

"It

not

are

show

already

has

substance
the

of

it

sults
re-

the

in

acids, and

rapid

the

intei'ior of

be

to

the

fungus may

the

destruction.

or

dentine
*

at

at

*

any

their

from

if
any

if the

"But

point, through

the

dentine,

the elements

of

the

fungus

tissues,and

trance,
en-

triumph

of

dental

its

present

when,

*

denuded.'"

trate
pene-

itself,in

decide

cannot

their

to

if, at the surface
then

the

"We

of

penetrate

able

not

dentine

less resistant

become

are

acids;

itself

when

but

fungi are

]"enetrate sound

to

occurred,

has

said

been

consistency.
density,offers great difficulties to
that the
leptothrix could
yet sure

circumstance, it happens
action

of

the

of

themselves

The

Again:

able

dentine

the

that

seems

resistance."

or

continue

normal
of

is
lejitothrix

enamel

has

l)e normal,

by acids, then

softened, and

enamel

produce by
softening and

a

loss of

can

their

pass
sion,
exten-

destruction
especiallyin the dentine, effects of
complish."
more
rapid than the action of the acids alone is able to ac*
*
*
"The
participationof the fungus is constant

much

in the

the

this affection.

of

examination

manifest

condition

their

softened

once

say:

a

vance
ad-

little

to

that

decay

promote

authors

the

the leptothrixbuccalis."
parasitici)lant,
the leptothrixbuccalis
capable in
suppose

Again they

as

development

this

a

portions thus

into

than

of

purpose

endeavored

have

to

seem

caries,viz.,the action

They do not
attacking the teeth, if

the

In

extensive
an
having made
"From
of the leptothrix,
what

dental

of

development

the

not

more

express

the life and

by

referred.

have

we

but
They certainlymake
of the parasitic
theory

princii)alphenomena

two

formation

over

the

indeed,

year,

established.

They

the

^ame

leptothrixbuccalis.

as

they

the

for

is caused

demonstration

Indeed
this

written

been

the teeth

known

in

Rottenstein,to which

signallyfailed.

have

toward

that

and

have

to

fungus
to

seem

Magitot's work,

of Lieber

seems

showing

Dr.

after

soon

progress

loss of

fungus,

of

caries

substance
so

that

can

the

which
be

have
shown

question

reached
there

whether

this

is found
or

no

stage.

As

soon

the presence
the

acids

of

alone

103

8EI.ECTIONS.

could

produce

The

modus

which

operandi by

without

is

importance."
produce softening

leptothrixmay

er,
can
conceive, howevexplanation. We
something to assist the softening process by
digestive fluid. If,however, this fungus gave

is left without

dentine

of

considerable

more

ravages

that

they may do
the out-pouring of a
fluid that would
a
digest a tooth, we would think
would
for it grows
be very scarce,
abundantly in
Since
of

other

no

The

time

the

ourselves

content

must

mouth.

every

work

remember

we

importance having appeared on this subject.
has continued, however, in the
not
canjournals. We
this literature,
to review
interestingas it would be;

undertake
we

Rottenstein's

teeth

much

of

discussion

but

and

Lieber

of

sound

that

with

writer, Dr.

one

Miller,

now

of

Berlin.
Miller's

Dr.

experiments

than

that

bear

of

the stamp

being

carefully
knowledge.

more

have

to
our
previously come
the fact that
This was
been
to have
they are the
expected from
latest,giving the experimenter the advantage of all that has gone
that he
is very
favorably placed for
before, and for the reason
best experimenters of the
midst of the
such work, being in the

performed

any

his work

Therefore

world.

need

We

work

for

now,

appeared

have

we

show

to

M.

Dr.

very

begins

the last two
result

the

as

of

acids, which

in

and

the

The

We
left

off,sixteen
years
of

to

the

with

the

years

I will

give

has

ing
"Dur-

and

times

places,
dental

first stages of
of
in

generated

the
the

teeth
mouth

ferment, and

begins just

discussion

additional
but

enough

sentence:

tissues

this

M.'s

by
by

in

this

the

ditions
con-

"

The

ago.

this

'the
the

but

investigations described

Miller

Dr.

repeat M.

the

facts

advance

of
as

of

the
to

Dr.

where

Magitot

subject during
essential

the

thought

ture
na-

in reference

investigationshas been such that no
of experimentation
Magitot's course

in view.

end
you

that

of articles,that

will be.

different

determine

is to

given us no
phenomena;

same

at

with

interest.

criticise Dr.

course,

result

of

the

its action.'

to

now

articles

greater part

object of

unusual

through;

the

stated

general subject of such

would

man

the

has

these

of

I have

this that

from

see

these

clearlywhat

following papers
essential

him

decalcification

a

for

are

fermentation.

heard

experiments,

many

of

cannot,

not

this series
years

consists

caries

We

appearing.

now

with

to

but his last series

not,however,notice any

is

which

is looked

a

very

brief

synopsis

of

Dr.

M.'s

course.

And

104

The

while
It

I do

is

I wish

:"o

admitted

of
is to find and
It is not

which

to

of

this

the

question to

saliva

could

the
be

to

that

solution
be

heat

in this

sterilized

of the

did

experiments

culture

same

This

not.

the

infected

the

precautions
It must,

then,

with

after

layer

the

inner

fact that

sterilized

purified
of

the

saliva, water,

a

serve

as

er
anothcheck.

a

acid, while

became
in

the

90

a

germs

incubator, together with

constant

moved,
re-

portions
quickly conveyed to a

of

culture

that

})roves

instrument,

an

was

an

was

accidental

fluid uninfected,to

remained

establish

to

in

acid.

an

ceased; the

saturated

mass

until

pty-

taken, all food

was

layer

composed

placed

saliva.

the

to

the

starch

The

This

germs.

were

error

produce

proper

destroy any

to

slice

a

medium,

starch, and

tube

acid

removed

Then

twenty-four hours

other

belong

cut,

was

culture

and

test

the

i)ortion. Then, with
each

dentine
reached.

sugar

when

atus
appar-

cient
it is suffi-

not

reaction

the

ingress of

not

of carbolic

after

softened
were

here

freshly extracted carious tooth
the outer
portions of the decayed

might

by

but

or

to

as

negative.

a

cent,

per

all the

whether

starch

in the

sweet

the

prevent

does
acidifying power
something foreign.

Now,

In

permanently

observed

in detail

was

change

so

decided
soon
question was
promptly changed into sugar,

were

this

describe

determine

This

fluid remained

veloped,
by acids, dementation
developed, by ferof experiments
course

about

experimenter provided himself;
appliances for the prevention of

first

in view.

has

ferment.

supposed

all the

the

he

object

be

to

object of

I should

that

the

brought

them

The

that

say
The

aline

examine

necessary

with

used.

kind.

in mind

is

decay

M., supposes

some

Dentistry.

of

keep

to

you

that

Dr.

or

Archives

sufficient

acidity

number
due

was

the

to

of
the

infection.
From

the
which

cultures

had

also became

dealing with a
organized ferment.

was

an

that

become

which

that

ferment

remained

examination, which
showed
shown

the
to

be

cultures

fected,
in-

were

acid; thus proving that the experimenter

capable of propagating itself;an

was

showed
Microscopic examination
organism similar to those found

dentine, and

acid, other

seems

that
in the

constant
to

have

in

these

deeper layers
their
been

contained

cultures

of

carious
ical
Chem-

characters.

carefullyconducted,

This
produced to be lactic acid.
capable of decomposing the teeth by

acid

acid

M.

has

Magitot,

been
and

105

Selections.

others.

many

Yet

Dr.

of dentine

sections

Miller

further, and

still

goes

fluids that

in his culture

he

placing

by

infected, finds

has

they are decomposed by the acid formed; Avhile such sections
he
not
placed in sifch fluids not infected are not changed. Thus
in
only proves that an acid is formed, but that the acid is formed
sufficient amount
to destroy the dentine.
This, when
compared with the best experimentation previously
been
have
One
to
a
had, marks
point seems
great advance.
that

One

gained.
said

have

to

of
to be

All

done.

peculiar
in

has

been

for

in

made

a

been

be

able

careful

found
he

in the

the
also

dentine

organisms crowding
found

them

indeed

mouth;

he

had

as

before

not

success,

action

of the

caries

veritable

him

a

Miller

Dr.

in natural

is

is

tubules, and

the

yet

Miller.

without
the

to

into

enlarged

that

which

not

exposed

much

there

that

alone.

also, and

this
of

acids

ena
phenom-

Dr.

by

know

tubules,

by

is

of

spoken

of caries

the

softened

sections

some

study

of

for

is

of the

be

now

may

There

all.

not

point

far, and
certain

produce

to

is

other

thus

traced

this

enlargement
looking

that

teeth

one

dentines

he

has

But

True,

have

seen

to

proven

decay.

who

us

organism

tures,
cultells

of the
caries

artificially
produced.
This

delineation
in the

weight

of results

settlingof

the

have
experimentation must
great
problems at issue, especially if they
of

There
is nothing in
by other competent observers.
facts,unless
experiments that are not in hannony with known
the widening of the tubules
by the crowding in of the organisms.
is
It is known
that
this
previous
experiment
widening
by

confirmed

are

Ihese
it be

caused

not

the

by

medium,

lactic acid
I think

and

as

it exists
few

very

dissolved

will be

in the

willing to

ing
surround-

concede

that

This
point
organisms can accomplish this by physical force.
lead to
and its study will doubtless
requires further investigation,
vance;
further discoveries.
be explained in adHowever, I think it may
the

least the

at

In

ideas

effort may

serve

to

direct

experimentation.
tive
length upon the diges-

previous lecture I have dwelt at some
fluids of livingorganisms.
Unexpectedly
a

I find

use

for these

written
I saw
before
Dr. M's
last article.
they were
I.have
explained how it is that dead bone, roots of the temporary
teeth, ivory driven into the flesh, catgut ligatures,
etc., are
sponge,
now,

dissolved
that

the

for

and

removed

soluble

ferment

by

a

soluble

of the

ferment.

I have

yeast plant has

been

also
found

shown
and

106

The

Also

proven.
take
the

otherwise

up

tubules
the

by

that

is

Archives

of

ammoniacal

insoluble
conceded

a

lactic acid

in

Dentistry.

of

fermentation; and

substances.
fact.

Now,

this

It is also shown

that

plants
widening of
how

it is not

done

of other

experiments, nor can it be done
by the physical force of the organisms, but it can, in all probability,
be done
conditions
by the digestivefluid of the organism. The
for
this
the
work
of
that of
as
digestive fluid are the same
the granulations in widening the meshes
of the sponge
and
finally
onstrated
demhas been
removing the last of it. As yet no soluble ferment
case

in connection
Miller

exist,and

if Dr.

be

demonstrate

able

in

to

producing

its

with
should
it

be

some

above

by

decay;
said

be

its

co-operation

at

least

determine

to

have

been

ferment,

soluble

no

in

a

causative

that

relation

this is
to

fermentation, and
tions, may

caries.

a

also

large number

decay;

cause

of the teeth
than

speak

has

may

the acid

is it

nor

not

be

of

of others

by any
brought

fermentations.

means

about

acid

the

was

organism
micro-

acetic

fi-rmenta-

a

settled

fact

by

other

vital

this, however,

Of

that

only organism
(Since the above

the

reported the finding of another
that he thinks
capable of producing caries).
organism of butyric fermentation, possibly that of

decay

tase,
dias-

or

its

probable

means

written, Dr. Miller
The

nitely
defi-

ferment.)

stand

may

of

until this

written

was

determine

will

it, he

for

capabilitiesseparately determined.
Dr. Miller
has reported the finding of

found, isolated,and

this soluble
It is

studied

search

to

speedily, and

phenomena
organism cannot

completely

(Since the

undertake

it must
theoretically

but

organism;

of the

capabilities.This
and

this

that
cesses
prowill

we

later.
and need
explanation.
question may arise in this matter
repeatedly said that the waste products of an organism prevented
certain
in
collected
the activityof that o-rganism when
a

Another
I have

organism continue to thrive in its own
product, and thus continuously promote caries,by furnishing
and still more,
of
this
waste
product? Simple enough.
How

amount.
waste

more,

Every
habit

of

it does

case

can

who

has

much

the

a

studied
form

not

lactic acid
hinder

largeramount
readilyregained from

way

this

introducing some

"fix"

to

is

chemist

then

lactic fermentation
of lime

in the form

the

])rogress
of the

its salts.

of

of

into
a

lactate

the

lactic acid
This

was

the

been

has

fermenting
of

be

learned

tli,e

fluid

lime, in which

fermentation.
may

in

In

obtained,

this
as

it

long before

108

The

Archives

Dentistry.

of

please,by which the surface of the tooth
is first broken, and by which
ment;
organisms are permitted to find lodgnot
means
by which decay is carried on, to the complete
be
destruction
This
effect cannot
of the tooth.
produced except
in
close
while
in
the tissues
proximity to the
are
or
contact,
very
erative

a

"

if you

means,

part in the process
from

the

tissues

solution, for

of

would

they could

time

secretion

the

fluids of

the

their

produce

to

that

reason

dissipated in

be

have

the

mouth

the

effects upon

fore
be-

tooth's

the

structui'e.

The
that

which

positionsat

through very
generally,andsometimes
In

of the
before

and

as

rule, if

a

of their

period
other

they

under

the

whatever

in

nothing.

The

tooth

it will be

several

are

the

often

very

is

but

at

or

trial

on

enamel

usually
the

change

no

discovers

eye

most

the

portion of

the

with

the

excavator

the

prisms,

will

be

may
it

though

was

forms

times
a

is

it

only
find

may

we

veritable

characteristics

called)in
in the

the

first

grinding

surfaces

the

has

gum

for

been

tooth
a

it

which

the

it

be

may

so

teeth; occasionally

has

long

in

at

type.

decay (if
wisdom

of the
the

usual

of

enamel;

of the

depth, however,

more

this character

see

molar, also, where

slowly, and

the

as

tion;
varia-

much

dentine,

the

is much

If there

assumed

will have

into

extending

the

that
space,

will present

depth

part of the thickness

a

it

cavity.

Occasionally we

The

considerable

a

over

away

chalk.

much

so

often
other

easilyscraped

from

beginning

its

apparently break in through the enamel
disclosinga cavity of very slightdepth. It often happens

instrument

cayed
de-

different

are

has

tooth;

normal,

seems

they

always

There

of

whitish;

rather

It

gum.

appearance

surface

appears

incisors.

of the upper

they

that

seen

respects.

of the

margin

the

of the molars

surfaces

fullythrough the gum is especiallyremarked;
at a
early
carefully noted
decays are
very

are

progress,

free

teeth

Wisdom

are:

buccal

fact that

teeth, the

these

in

decays

seen

the labial surfaces

on

wisdom

are

the

slowly, on

come

case

results

these

through

conxe

time

in

a

of

state

very

chronic

irritation.
of this effect

It is characteristic
smooth

of the

surfaces

is necessary
As
gum.
becomes

I have

Now,

said
as

teeth
to

as

prepare

that

in the
the

it is

as

pits

and

way

for

exposed,

tooth
these

spots

are

prone

to

become

seen

grooves.
this

place under the gum; is
rises higher and the surface

this takes

the

often

on

No

the

perfectio
im-

manifestation.
covered

the

thus
seat

by

the

affected
of

true

Selections.

caries

with

caries

does

which

all

of

its

not

take

usual

109

manifestations.
In this

place.

gi-aduallyassumes

However,
whitish

a

case,

is seen,

spot

yellowish tinge,then

a

often

very

brownish, and

then

black.
This
result is brought about
linallybecomes
by the
settlinginto, or the formation
in, the affected tissue of the black
the first to show.
istry,
sulphurets;as I was
(See report on dental chemof the
American
Dental
by Dr. H. A. Smith, Transactions

Association, 1874, page
We

these

see

the

on

named.
the

smooth

incisors

upper

often

are,

in the

as

in

occur

though

labial

positions

surfaces

uniformly,

not

They

grooves.
in the

be

to

apt

areas

seen

the

on

stage of

every

They
pits and

oftenest

are

often

so

lilack.

deep

a

teeth,but

that

decays

to

the molars

upon

surfaces,

of the

any

The

white

ashy

otherwise

occur

may

day

spots every

coloration,from
on

78.)

of

the

of

same

character.
Those

seem,

persons,
Some

irritation

characteristics
examined

everted

of

gum

the

so

to

as

the seat

expose

operator, except

grooved
often
of

see

appearance

the

(and

away
the

is

weeks,

or

been

will

even

by

gum,

from

the

the

enamel

progress,

part, becomes
often

comes
be-

the present

patient to
either

and

tooth, which

he

a

decided

the

the

patient
slight

the

operator

normal

is

form

will

develop

loss of

the

exceedingly sensitive;the

is left to

case

the

to

just at

seen

that

the

This

of the

ly
close-

are

the
carefully press
will find this abnormally sensitive)until he can
tooth below
strate
plainly,it will be easy to demon-

has

there

instrument

groove
the

of the

root

of

differentiate
if

be

can

the

to

tooth.

attention

of the

neck

However,

he

the

slighteversion

to

tooth.

that
an

calls the

of the

puzzled

gum

closely applied
in

of

continue

case

special

found

margin

exquisitesensitiveness

which

a

the

be

to

some

they

be

er
young-

seems

have
If

and

character.

spot

also

this,if the

Generally, however, nothing

spot.
or

These

enamel

same

immediate

that

the breach

of the most

stage of the process,

and

was

now

the

decays.
inception,it will

their

after

chalky; soon
till

the

of

other

to

removed,

be

the

in
occasionally

past,

to

cases,
at

common

junction of

or

age

beginning.

early in

which

the gum,

many

been

has

become

in very

not

very

cementum

of middle

of their

condition

one

the

just at

occur

in persons

cementum,

has

that

decays

fact

that

the

dentine

is

itself,this sensitiveness

months,

and

then

substance.

abate; and

will

Trial

surface

within

exposed.
continue

it will

be

with
this

Now
for

found

if
some

that

the

taken

has

case

and

progress
remain

of

It has

a

of

account

words,

other

out

class of

Another

their
under
very

free

the

plate,in

are

class of

called

been

at

can
same
on

In

by the irritation,

out

that'

which

common

very

often
the

the

at

not

must

studied

I have

Marshall.

produced

whether

invariable
of the

filled with

ON

In

"

found

KLACK's

DR.

tubuli, but
the

mouth

or

Black

refers

experiments under
produced

the

high

with

those

that

the
both

up
gin
be-

PAPER.

of the

York, found

of arsenious

action

course,

teeth

dental

and

the

caries,

culture

fluids,

tubuli, to the

that

same

dental

the

tubuli

acid

of the

enlargement

of the

cause

healthy

upon

enlargement

conditions, to

the

action

dental
in
of

gard
re-

tissue.

Dr.
a

tent
ex-

were

micro-organisms, in his experiments with

the

minus

Of

spot.

experiments on
in his
artificially

penetration of the affection,
micro-organisms.

Boedeker, of New

to

confounded

enlargement

an

the

claspsencircle

Miller's

Dr.

in the

aid of

by

vantage.
proceed to the very best adbeginning of this decay is often

uncovered

be

is formed

pocket

a

ceraentuni.

DISCUSSION

Dr.

the

where

of the

margin

can

has

gum

occur

Such

crowU;

everted,

that

seem

of the

decays

see

is

gum

not

eversion

the

after

Dr.

rapidly, and

progress

point. Or, if you
that way,
a true
absorption has taken place
for the future decay.

fermentation

which

It does

Dr.

has

to

cease

"

part of the tissue

decays

of the

margin

the

he

It may

in
be
of the
chai'acter
to
seem
same
closely,and which
inception. These begin under the free margin of the gum
are
usually
plates that abut closelyagainst the teeth. These
their
for
the
that
re"son
soon
as
as
evidently
rapid in
course,

very

on

a

nidus

the

forms

ferment

it put in

have

prefer to
which

soluble

a

dissolved

has

that

root

chronic

a

decay.

decays, if that term
stage, is brought about in precisely the
of a permanent
tooth is partiallyabsorbed
irritation
of its peridental membrane.

this

the

that

way

of

it may

color, or

ashy cast.
opinion that this

our

at

character

less

or

more

been

dark

a

Dentistry.

of

usual

the

on

assume

applied

be

we

Archives

The

110

Miller's

soluble

ment
fer-

and
product by the bacterium
lactis,^
dissolves
which
or
digests the organic portion of the tubuli, and
refers
the inorganic material
surrounding it,while Dr. Boedecker
the

condition

as

found

a

waste

in his

experiments

to

inflammatory

action

re-

Selections.

suitingin absorption

caused

Ill

irritation

by the

of

the

arsenious

acid.
I would

like

found
Dr.

Dr.

these

by

Black

gentlemen

Black."

1 will first say

in

instances

caused
the

cases

ask

to

both

results

body.

he

be

identical?

to

that

by

I do

the

in both

action

considers

in

probability,by

is the

in

same

tions
condi-

results

lactis, but

hacter'mm

cases

the

regai-d the

not

in all

brought about,

are

The

whether

as

both

tive
diges-

a

kind, the

jjhi-

in both instances, the difference
losophy of the widening is the same
being that the digestivebodies that do the work are produced
of Dr. Boedecker's
by diffex'ent forms of life. In the case
ments,
experithe
tion

by

and

removes

In

conditions

the

Dr.

which

irritated
the

dentinal

Miller's

a

due

be

only

of
fibril"

experiments,
and

the

the

to

fonna-

Avhich

menstruum

bacteria
the

removes

of the

case

could

digests

wall.

tubular

digests

In the

described

bacterium

form

walls

menstruum

a

of

the

tubuli.

or

diastase,

lactis,a digestive body,

demonstrated

Dr.

Miller, the organism is fully
by
of digestion, and
know
to be able to perform, the act
we
proven
the power
that the tissues of the higheranimals have
of removing
has

been

now

is

parts by what

usually called

absorption,and

which

is

a

form

of

digestion.
It has

been

in this way

process

tinal

in the

action

from
the

of

a

pulp chamber
long-continued irritation

under
of

process

the

evidenth^

pressure,

digestionby

of

means

a

be

may
of

the

enlarged
pulp. Bone

by a similar
digestivebody.

Allport. Dr.Boedecker's
experiments with
tissue (though not yet fullycompleted) were

arsenic

"

upon

to

seems
a

have

vital

been
one,

the

a

and

roots

chemical
may

be

into

the

"re-molecularized"

and

converted

In

one.

in kind

of deciduous

being largelytaken
a

vital

den

upon

living tis.

evidently prove that there was
inflammatory action set
Dr.
Miller's
tubules, causing absorption of material.
tissue (teethout of the mouth), and
dead
were
upon

absorption of

been

was

"

was

cess

as

cases

that

and

sue,

the

shown

easilyremoved

is also

Dr.

in

well

the

like that

teeth, the

new

pro.

manifested

in

removed

tissue,
or

rial
mate-

have

may
carried

other
the
While, in the
product.
case,
would
have
to
without, and
seem
entirely from
of
vital
acids, and
independent
processes
tissues.
I
how
can
imagine
micro-organisms
waste

the

first,the

which
general circulation,
into

up
periments
ex-

off

action
been
within
may

112

The

produce
to

sufficientlyexalted
absorption of material

of arsenic

in the

But

in either

material

would

same

upon
the

or

the

continued

irritation

absorption

of the

occurring in

removed,
and
In

the

washed

the

elements,

lime

for acids.

more

the

as

of Dr.

and

their

Whether

the

excreted

have,

deciduous

teeth; in

removed

are

Black,

both

entire,

in

Black

and

Miller.

doubt

that

we

the

been

excrete

cases

in

while

no

it is the

a

that

fungi,

interested

a

lime

question;but it will
too
confidentlythat

well

be

either

of dental

for

us

of these

acids, no

dentine.
in

to

for

decomposition of foreign
to
mind, produces the
my
the

arguments

Thej^ are highly interesting,and
solution
approaching a correct

are

long

so

consequence

of
affinity

from

ternal,
entirelyex-

are

singlechange of
the
affinityof
upon
acid
not
or
(and

an

material

devitalized

the

conditions

the

fungi

whether

by

of course,

phenomena

changed

Dr.

pulp, as suggested by

consequent

is of

there;

produced,

condition

changed

the

expect

general circulation,the
pulp cavity consequent

the

Miller

removal

is found

or

Boedecker.

action, resultingin

acid

matter,

irri-

off in gases.

pass

likelythey do)

how

I

or

than

matter

the

the

chemical

purely

a

of

of the

mouth

away,

experiments

and

fibres

inorganic material only is largely
posed
to die, be decomorganic portion remaining behind

the

the

dentinal

off in the

materials

inorganic

the

produced by

I should

of the

roots

of

that

to

of Dr.

conditions

largely carried
the enlargement

organic and

caries

similar

be

it is in

as

irritation

experiments

of these

Dentistry.

of

a

cause

tion

Akchines

before

pause

gentlemen

of

Drs.

is

little

there
of
we

account

this

vexed

pronounce
for

all

the

caries.

be
May not the enlargement of the tubules
caused
upon
by the physical force of the micro-organisms exerted
In the vegetable kingdom such instances
the walls of the tubules?
rocks have
been
of rare
not
split,and large masses
are
occurrence;
of
moved
of solid material
fungous
by the continued
pressure
Williams.

Dr.

"

growths.
Friderichs.

Dr.
the

"

enlargement

Milles

experiments
upon

begging
Some

do

the
the

not

Underwood

tubuli, and

substantiate

their

prove

observations

anything.
of two

called

first

dentinal

of the

specimens to

and

attention

they presented
Dr.

views.

I would

not

experimenters.

put

to

scopical
micro-

Boedecker's
much

I think

ance
reliwe

are

question.

observers

can

see

whatever

they

desire

to

see,

and

later

113

Selections.

observations

their

larged
en-

in

used

the methods

to

the

not

paring
pre-

slides?

the

"

bersburg, Pa.,

Susserott.

justread by

invited

be

I

"

Dr.

speak

to

subject.
pleased with

much

the

Black, it proves

this

upon

certainlyvery

am

I. L. Susserott, of Cham-

suggest that Dr.

I would

Allport.

Dr.

due

be

May

worthless.

be

to

tubuli

of the

appearance

Dr.

proved

are

by Butler,

lines

of the

truth

the paper

that

"Large
And
And

remedies

little fleas.

have

fleas to bite

there

And

Various

fleas have
these

fleas to feed

introduced

been

surgicaldiseases,the most
potent
As
in
used
general surgery, a
mercury.
perfectlyharmless, and I do not see why

is

with

safety and

Dr.

Harlan.

The

"

live in absolute

can

chloride
In

order

"

Dr.

anthrax

alcohol, and

solution
it

and

also in

a

the

of

might

1

not

to

1,000

be

used

caries.

bacillus

five per

bichloride

is

tuberculosis
solution

cent,

weak

solution

Black.

unfortunate,

I

"

destroy micro-organisms,
and
individual
apply
organism
will destroy its vitality.

know

to

the
study
specialagent which
in
the
Eugenol
a

bacillus

which

of

of dental

treatment

ment
antiseptictreat-

of

of zinc.

must

and

in the

success

the

for

of

of

these,

on

infinitum.-''

ad

so

have

are

'em;

how

strength of
will prevent

quoted

viz.: "The

an

to

1 in

the

75,000, will

development

expression of
first stages

Dr.

the

destroybacteria,
of the

Miller's

of dental

we

caries

spores.

saying it was
consists

in

a

for
are
^ofthe tissues of the teeth by acids, which
This
the greater part generated in the mouth
by fermentation."
is the same
question discussed of old, of who led the pig to market,
used
the man
the string. The
or
stringis the means
by the man,
exist in that
and
the acid can
cause
more
no
decay, or even
tion,
posiexist and
lead the
without
the organisms, than the stringcan
decalcification

pig

without

the

man.

have
free oxygen.
micro-organisms that produce caries must
dentine
a litte softened
Therefore, if you plug a tooth perfectlyover
|
It
exclude
and
the
is
the
free
destroy
organisms.
sible,
posyou
oxygen
of course,
that an organism not requiring free oxygen
might
is against that suphave
we
produce caries,but all the evidence
position.
The

The

114

Friedrichs.

Dr.

It

"

need

Dentistry.

of

to

seems

is the

What

question.

Archives

that

me

of

still

are

we

caries

of

treatment
antisej^tic

the

begging

if

exist without
When
free oxygen?
cava
micro-organisms cannot
itv of decay is hermetically sealed
can
quently
no
enter, and conseoxygen
micro-organisms carnot
develop.
It has been
that
there
Dr. Marshall.
are
proved by Pasteur
"

certain

in fact cannot
such

that

secondary

exist

without

develop in that medium; and
exist as
micro-organisms may

it fs not

micro-oi'ganismsthat

of

forms

product

of the

discussion

the

the

to

of its

plant at

food

the

become

diseases

Certain

believe

is

in

turn

without

of the

the

reading

the

first order

Amvl
taken

symptoms:

by

paper

of business

Section

The

then

Nitrite

a

at

slow

coma;

Dr.

gives

aud

and
algidity;cyanosis;belladonna
followed
of nitrite of amyl were

finallyrecovery.

"

L' Union

tissues

Harlan

the

of

of

lateness

deferred, and

be

Joicr.

Med.

of Am.

"

and

other

by

tinuous
con-

zing
antagonidone.

the

hour

that

it be

to-morrow.

Association.

The

Drouet.

presented

the

pnlse;respirationssix

Medicale

in the

poisons, as is now
different
organisms.
to

or

soil for the

to

laudanum
feeble

adult.

isms.
micro-organ-

that

found

be

which

the

the

hope

now

another.

to

by

of

some

Opium-Poisostixg.
of

that

in

occur

growth

will

unfavorable

maj'

the session
"

ounces

the

This

not

the adult

resort

adjourned.
in

two

\^

aceti.

niycoderma

will stop

nature

certainlybe different for
it was
motion
agreed that owing

On

the

produced

means

some

do

the

will

These

had

in

are

This

organisms.

micro-organisms

of

that

renders

that

cases

of research

round

child

difference

some

of these

form

one

organisms. So it is,that
necessarily poisonous

diseases

of these

fluids in the two

growth

is not
in the

occur

some

There

other

one

food

concentration.

of

degree

of

the

poisonous to

natural

acid, which

acetic

certain

a

the

another.

is the

plant produces

This

to

come

"

"

alcohol, however

same

of

cause

Only about 17 per cent, of
the excretory
the yeast plant,because
in that degx'eeof concentration
comes
bealcohol
further
growth. This
plant and prevents

plant

poison

a

able
improb-

in the

by saying: We must
findingspecificmicro-organisms. A poison for
closed

point of
not
necessarilya poison for
be produced by
alcohol can

We

all

at

factors

oxygen,

caries.

Black

Dr.

is

free

remedies

immediate

failed.

patient
following

per

minute;

Inhalations

improvement,

and

116

The

From

this view

mind

of

Archives

eclecticism

has

with

medicine,

and

benefit

the

of

of

lamp
body

with

the

teaching, imperfect knowledge

the

is full

and

the

suffering will
body is thine eye;
of light; but when

prove

any

all

of

when
thine

and

or

for the

avail.

"The

single the

is evil

the

false

spirit,

means
no

is

eye

eye

Look, therefore, whether

capacity, filled

non-ethical

little

the
for

conclusions,
or

thine

of

state

medicaments;

appliances
of

the

small

selfish

a

or

of

darkness.

is

thy body

light that

whole
full

is in thee

be

darkness."

not

greatest inheritance

The

spiritualand
and

to

mental

its

use

own

of

students, lead

find the

and
look

minds

their

as

for

enslaved

what

like

and

so

from

so

eclectic

is
and
and

taught

to

trust

is

The
take

about

it,or

beings

methods, and

retail

they

are

majority of

great

everything upon

agrees

with

what

never

furthermore

in

whose

called

be

treatment

knoAvledge to

who

sins; in medicine

in

false

and
methods

of

the

the church

the

they
and

so

become

can

neither
slave

so

for
first

must

does

under

eclectic,nor
their

can

and

owner,

men

authority;

ors,
instructthe

tion
condi-

ignorant at
perform

an

exorbitant

al)solution

and

rate.

forgive

patientsare suffered to die rather than
question by counsel; in dentistry whose

acquired titles
to

be

is

earth

on

and
debasing. The people who look up
mutually unnatural
for
ty,
authoriconstantly lean u})on authority create a market
tifully
so
constantlywe find the world liberally
equipped and bountheir following
pretenders, who mislead
supplied with charlatan
and

These

should

except by proxy;

act

thinks

for the bond-slave

have

can

birth,or perhaps through bond-blood

Such

circumstances.

adopt

bird

a

information, and

generations previous,never
know

child

A

for themselves.

answers

others

to

of

being

taught to trust and to use
close analytical
observation
should
be early
dren
answering directly the questions of chilthem
far as possibleto try to reason
out
as

powers

wings; the habit
engendered; instead
and

human

a

freedom.

its

to

do

to

more

practitionerthan with the action
mind
is narrow,
bigoted, shallow, of
pernicious theories, greed, wrong

if the

of

Dentistry.

of

honestly
dis-

in

ceptions
collegesand societies,stamp crude concy
pretentionswith fictitious value and give currenif preand classes of opei'ations
which
treatment
sented

of
the
endorsement
professionat large without
and rejectedas counterfeit
authority,would be detected at once
to

the

the

such
and

valueless.
The

next

great liindrance

to

the

adoption

of

a

tnu'

eclecticism

is

Dental

kind

egotism, a

of

the
self-blinding,

conceit, great I and

little you:
makes

egotism

because

they practiceand
that very
on
practice,must
therefore

In

all other
and

teachers
of

and

of

matters

In this way

117

of inordinate
deadly miasma
from
keeps many
advancing,

think
methods

the

that

their

they have
superior to

be

account

methods

methods,

been

'

the

taught

all

to

others, and

unworthy of investigation.
egotism operates perniciously in the presentation

leaders

trifles

this

them

methods

that

Societies.

and

are

things absolutely false,as im])ortantfacts

moment.

great

injurious practices,simple and outrageous
have
been and are
and perpetuated.
being inculcated
for instance
the practiceof placing cotton
saturated
with
in root
canals, under the supposition that the septicmatter

methods
Take
creasote

contained

errors,

therein

would

be

putrescent pulps, the exhibition
condition

of the

without

teeth

of structure

cutting away

of

in

render

cavities

of contour.
subsequent restoration
approximal cavities in chalky teeth

foil in

in

sockets.

unhealthy
to

capping

The
as

or

plantation
trans-

The

extensive

easy

of

of

use

access

cohesive

exclusive

an

of

inflamed

an

replantation and

The

in order

The

cathartics

drastic

membrane.

mucous

diseased

of

innocuous.

rendered

ing
fill-

material.
declaration

The

that

some

that the
by others
impact during mastication

from
chief

indications

The

fillingof

first

reducing

the

sound

thoroughly
and

regard

upon

with

necessary

of

roots

and

caries.

seased
hopelessly di-

of

The

failure

teeth

affected

culpable silence

of

the

on

without

tion
extrac-

to

remove

with

they have

practice the only invariablysuccessful method.
is
in dentistry at least
the practitioner
who

The

and

truth
of

master
to

"

or

to

reallyhas
remain

The

boasted

accomplish
cure-all

fails

none.

He

who

circumscribed, who

by theory, however, through
never

or

otherwise, that

"

all methods

become

will

part, implied

much
in

a

business

tact

good.
majority

of

he

gauges
may

is not

edge
his knowl-

allows

cases,

their

of

part

the

on

litis;
alveo-

practitioners

patrons, and

pretense

their

of dental

The

observances

hygenic

of the

substitutes.

pretext.

the

one

not

metal,

utilization

should

margins

gum

other

or

artificial

any

the

treatment

gold

The

all, the sinful

of

essential,and

in the

of

deposit upon

above
to

teeth

support

teeth

the

is not

sensitiveness.

for the

roots

of

sensitive

retaining pits

protection

be considered

to

and

grooves

be used,

not

in

by

his practice

thrive

and

cially,
finan-

it is

only

118

The

the

by
the

exercise

best

of

shall be

should

be

judgment that
itself brings its
tions
gathered the indicaand rejectionof all
cult
important and diffi-

an

of

out

the

for its successful
that

Dentistry.

of

enlightened and wide-awake
perceived and applied. The case

needs, and

own

Archives

itself must

case

the

treatment,

be

exclusion

being frequently the
point of the diagnosis.
This is "eclecticism
in dentistry" and
so

more

eclecticism

in toto.

Discussions.
Dr.

Edmund
is in

Noyes.

and

sufficient

this is my

details

thoroughness

determine

to

with
principledifficulty

all the

mastering

practicewith

The

"

which

is

thoroughly

master

Take, for instance, so
mallet.

and
He

In

for

it would

be

should

be

and

etc., and

able

desirable

to

to

time.

of

experience
merits
of

Many
skill to

of

them

eclecticism

profitby
"He

must

the
is

for him

to

the
have

of

both

such

strument
in-

an

theoretical

a

acquaintance with
its various

the

use

in

give
operating.
ordinaiy

the

of

use

it.

forms; hand-mallets,

the

in

man

mallet.

has

done

Now

I

determine

to

theoretical

practiceor

to

be

become

wise

W.

an

chiefly or
who

man

their

all

that, he

requires

is then

influences.

"

petent,
com-

afraid,a good many

am

and

details

the

on
rely chiiefly

timony,
tes-

investigationsof others as to
special methods.
delicacy,such experience and

expert

largely in

man

who

in anyone

others.

It is

can

profit by

a

very

them.

of

and

means

our

wise

other

do

must

and

his
Our

abilityto
true

people's

in party polities,
sectarianism
Allport. Beliefs
much
religion,or pathies and systems in medicine, are
very
of prejudice, largely dependent
or
early education
upon

Dr.

W.

and

a

experience of
a

in

of
of

use

not

could

us

methods

the

as

I do

eclecticism

of

most

require,from their
\hat the ordinarily busy

time

not

than

eclectic

it in all

When

line of

any

determine

has

gently
intelli-

successful;

most

about

all the

t|ieseinstruments

master

to use
eclectically
myself are forced

besides

work

use

time

of

and

and

much

very

matter

a

be

to

one

best

choose

to

of

automatic, pneumatic, electro-magnetic,engine,

heavy

great deal

the

simple

practicalknowledge of,

light
a

order

details

able

methods

in practice.
difficulty

own

the

various

the

be

to

the

specialand serious
consider
to say
myself competent
practice. It would require more
to

of

all, practically,

us

ing,
sayrience."
expe-

in
ters
matrounding
sur-

Dental

Educated

in the

the

In

to

To

love

the

world

God

with

in

difficult

the

of medicines

patientsdo

get

many

being
hearts

judiced
preis

there

parties,
leadingpolitical

two

our

believe

to

easy

are

held

in

and

our

of the

most

suppose;

both.

by

common

sentials
es-

neighor as ourselves,
prejudiceand bigotry as
the religious
of education, have divided
ples.
yet they all believe in the vital princi-

Allopathic school of medicine, it is
istration
from
the adminthat any good can
come
very small doses, notwithstanding the fact
under
the treatment,
or, as they say,"with-

so-called

believe

to

of

school, we

or

religiousbeliefs,but

sects, and

many

Educated

that

our

nonessentials, born
into

very

of

all

it is not

than

good government

essentials

the

to

others, and

is far less difference

there

sect

party,

one

against
good or truth in them.
the proclaimed doctrines

much

are

of

beliefs

119

Societies.

in
well

medicine."

out

Equally difficult
that old
than

kill their

that

in

some

lieve
Homeopathic physician to beschool physicianswith their large doses do little less
teaches
them
patients. Experience, however, soon
is it for

large

cases

young

a

doses

far

are

they give them and call
finding out that less medicine

effective

more

small

than

homeopathy. Allopaths are
also
than
formerly given answers
decreasing the
consequently they are constanth"
every
purpose;
size of their doses, and get better results than with largeones.
In this way
these
schools
two
are
year after year coming nearer
and nearer
but the names
together in practi'ce;
keep up the war of
parties.
ones;

so

Eclecticism

practiceof
use
cure

and
more

both

of the

belief
schools

all medicines

and

any
"

disavows

it

in

mentioned,

in the

of

many

and

school

to

of disease

treatment

select and

that effect

a

"

or

methods

system

now

under

discussion

of medicine

as

would

applied to

treat

dental

say

of the

eclectic

practiceand

not

of

operating.
the essay,
of
Considering the shortness
has been
taken, the matter
ably discussed, and

to

claims

and

just what the other schools practice so with experienced
and
is more
in
the difference
name
intelligent
practitioners,
As
the two
of prejudicethan of fact.
a matter
previous papers
the allopathic and
opathic
homethe society were
read before
upon
systems of practice as applied to dentistry, I had
posed
supthe paper

to

doctrines

the

except

in commendati

on.

and

the

there

stand})oint

is very

little

120

The

Dr.

Noyes'

Auchives

remarks

in

Dentistry.

of

the

mallet

something said to me at Saratoga last summer
noted
practitionerin regard to the use of
young
cohesive
and non-cohesive
gold. I was
trying to

by

regard

the

to

of

use

of

me

in most

teeth

cases

could

be

the

he

trouble
and

gold

"Yes, I understand

replied:
with
hand

cohesive

is you

the

I knew

something

When

and

show

that

him

as

how

have."

men

young
the

about

taught to use soft
to
properly use

were

learn

we

doctor, but

argument,

your

cannot

mallet

the mallet

surely saved
by
cohesive
than
than
gold,
for
a
listening to me

practitionerswho

pressure,

gold and

supposed

old

you

quite a

easily and

more

using a largerproportion of non-cohesive
by the exclusive use of the latter. After
while

reminds

of

use

I had

mallet, but this

the

I had

recovered
from
I
the shock
sufficiently
ventured
remark
that
to
men
perhaps the young
having only
lean.ed the use
of cohesive
gold and the mallet, did not understand
the desirability
of the use
of noncohesive
of or the possibilities
gold
was

a

poser.

well

as

those

as

with
of the
I

it he

been

educated

in its

prejudiced against its

was

educated

was

taught

was

for many

also
the

the

in fact

years;
make

So

in

came

too

the

of these

would

cases

moderately

contour

highly complimented
and

the

respect

The

less

in

work

the

trouble

of late

would

most

by

in other

tions
separa-

circumstances

of the

Of

it is

course

taught
treated

had

skill

felt that

been

far

sadly in

need
of

matters

pleasant

that

me

I

examined

whose

I have

cavity and
saving this

in

success

has

those

have

narrow

no

orifice

I have

as

stands
as

under

far' better

years,

some

this,

greatest
with

observation

done

for

naturally prejudiced
and
tween
fillings
especiallybe-

practice.

fillings.And

practiceof
in

of

been

contouring

eclecticism

that

was

to

have

contoured

extreme

used

other.

no

rage

I

vogue

in

by this method
compliments, but

receive

result

favor

wide

class of teeth

wise

in

and

gold

had

we

contour
against
regard
I was
bicuspid teeth.
taught that
should
the
or
fillingsextend
lap over
I have
often been
on
complemented
my

the

and

use,

perience
ex-

teeth, especially
separationsbetween
bicuspids, and having practicedthis method

to

wedging

it.

noncohesive

of

use

successfully, when

years

and

to

many

between

to

Without

use.

other.

exclusivelyfor
I

had

who

has

put

of

been

so

tions
separaIn

better.

our

in

some

wider

ot

many

revision.

this
A

practicewill

good.
of

us

is

this,

we

are

not

open

to

convic-

Dental

tion, not

willing

methods,
them.

The

eclectic

I

Show
and

in

me

not

in

anything,but
practitioners.

extreme

successful
7\

Dr.

E.

Baldwin.

anywhere. It
no
pathy about

not

on

there

the

a

forms

jp. A.

by
more

in views
that

man

a

you

amongst

most

our

"allopath"

term

school.

the

to

that

tooth

There

"

used
is

There

large number
cassionallyit

is

of

a

to

cases

words
full

more

to

for

example

hardly

extract

there

say
sound

a

would

not

effect.
the

will take

are

other

teeth

a

it is necessary

that
tooth

root

or

me

dom
wis-

conditions
be

cannot

tract
ex-

sion.
expres-

for

we

the

I do

of sound

necessary

essayist,which
not

by

of

extraction

is

I do

of

are

made

that

meaning

it

the

by

(but
powerful

tasteless, these

when

of course,

schools

statement

or

kaloids
al-

doses."

one

the

but

crowded;
to

are

of

but

rected
cor-

in
oc-

is desirable.

Nichols.
and

Brophy.

Tiie

"

cases

referred

consequently not
"

The

given in as largedoses
the change in the form
tinctui'es and
are

than

to

in several

made

of

crude

medicine

in reference

instances,for

formerly. What

as

in

teeth

are

a

pathological

sound.

statements

doses, is quitetrue

is used

almost

exception,viz.,"he

but
justifiable

conditions;

various

which

pretext,

any

except by extraction.

the alkaloids

and

the form

in

the

by

was

take

must

teeth, alluded

condition

used

relativelysmaller

under

and

allude

sound

I

remedies

occasions, however,

are

is necessary

small

the

liberal

and

extinct

an

new

essayist understood

the

There

J)r.

and

remedies

used

once

Brophy.

teeth

think

Dr.

eclectic

and

Many
being

way),

in

which

sound

in

different

crude

essayistto
not

show

the

and

its

or

are

administered

JJr.

I will

like

term

ago.

extracts

in

course

school

years

and

course

dont

extinct

an

the

ten

was

than

is

I

"

is broad

obtain

may

I have

own

our

teaching. They are called "regulars,"
and I object to being called an
allopathicphysician myself.
also
the
of
is
doses
practice
dealing out smaller
say,
the
much
is dealt
out
increase,but just as
nowadays as

I would

to

practice.
of inteligence,
that

my

man

a

predjudice

less

from

others

results

withal, conscientious, and

is

of

I live the

the

121

different

anything

good

how

longer

am

consider

to

matter

no

Societies.

true.

large

and

drugs are not
said in regard to

many

has been

is also

to

Instead

tions,
of decoc-

drugs, fluid extracts, solid extracts, and
It is a fact
cine
that
less medinow
greatly used.
best
less mediformerly. The
physicians use

^'22

The

cine

in

cure

disease

Archives

their

proportion to
and

Dentistry.

of

practice,and

maintain

resort

health, hygienic

otlier

to

measures,

to

means

diet

proper

etc.

While

I think

good,

when

we

refer to the
think

the

spent

to

time
better
has

is

scarcely any

of

good

do

not

wants

to

there

the
is

read

of

means

difference
use

minute

in

the

before

the

ought

not

let

be

to

him

will

He

needs

to

action
effect

a

know

of the

a

A

cure.

remedy; in other words
distinguished medical
very

he

been

there

if he

cure,

If he

anxious

to

day, why

a

iodide

of

how

patient

of the

remedy to effect a
of effectinga cure

"a

condition

the

I

physician

is

he

I

"

and

practice.

to

If

so.

The

effect

allowed

do

"

schools.

that

remedy

any

doses

various

some

little difference

very

give twenty -five, thirtyor forty grains of quinine in
let him
do so.
If he desires
to
give large doses
potassium let him do so; but, gentlemen, he must know
it.

doing

society
devoted
their
have
to
preparation might
other subject.
advantage in treatingsome
been
so
changed and simplifiedof late that
papers

that, he

use

be

may

them

three

will

sense

papei's

compare

last

Medicine

will

these

to

and

gentleman
remedy must

use

the

lative
re-

able

be

must

of

has

to

said

be caparemedy to be
ble
the
ing
condition, the restorleading to
proper
from
If it is
a pathological to
a
physiological condition."
capable of doing this, it is not a remedy, and in using it we

not

Dr.
read

J. 8. Mariihall.

by

Dr.

or

a

"

rendering vali;ieto

not

are

cure,

patientsfor

our

I have

"

Nichols.

It

been
to

seems

much

lies at the

very

foundation

I do

successful

in

the

cents;
that

mean

but in
not

curing disease, and
than

more

interested

of
of

sense

saving

fifteen years

returns.

ago

this

successful

gaining

teeth.

You

paper

question
practice.

dollars

and

will remember

that

man

any

in the

that

gentlemen

me

of eclecticisni
not

their

dared

to

use

called a "quack."
fillingmaterial than gold was
To-day
the very
who
of
men
applied this epithet are
using every form
plasticfillingmaterial
perhaps with the exception of amalgam,
any

other

"

and

man)'^ of them

are

using

this.

is

their
gradually passing away,
cases
being now
recognized. With
eclecticism

in

dental

The

usefulness
the

has

surgery

prejudice against plastics

come

in

a

introduction
in

the

certain
of the

class

of

idea

of

application

of

plasticfillings.
To

be successful

theoretical

in

knowledge

practice
"

of all the

to

save

various

teeth

requires not only a
methods, but judgment
"

The

124

THE

TWENTY-

Archives

FIRST

ANNUAL

MEETING

VALLEY
HELD

Reported

Meeting

called

was

Geo.

order

to

A.

D.

D.

S.

President

m.,

a.

1884.

13-14,

NOV.

Maxfleld,
11

at

NECTICUT
CON-

SOCIETY.

MASS.,

by

THE

OF

DENTAL

SPBINGFIELD,

AT

Dentistry.

of

Ross

in

the

chair.
After

the

Anaesthetic

Vegetable
of

the

Mr.
He
a

of

oxide

hops

as

it

of

They buy

their

claim

in

that

used,

but

they
the

passing

with

not

and

therefore

Dr.
his

W.

The

A

vapor,
rabbit

and

of

full of

was

taken.
it

was

with

placed
the

cover

was

the
As

gas,
soon

found

one

it, condensing

opium

or

life

support

dred
hun-

holds

that

from

longer
after

unpleasant

first used

who

with

Committee
also

five

in

than

effects,

different

this

compound,

combinations

of

gave
herbs

gas.
then

in

a

box

vapor

timed

as
as

the

tested
the
rabbit

some

with

experiments

having glass sides, and
turned

was

the

rabbit

an

opening

expired, time
lived

nine

and

after

Di's. L. D.

on.

experiments.

'from

had

made

oxide.

nitrous

new

C. S. Ilurlbut

was

when

and

Boston,

experimenting

Executive

the
ard

of

manufacture

receiver

no

article.

safer.

Mayo,

for

it will

that

it will have

oxide, that

is much

K.

reasons

in the

the

nitrous

pure

claim

make

ether, chloroform

use

in Boston,

firms

extracts, their

these

pump

pending.

reliable

a

They
a

the

name

now

large drug

gas.

they

is

use

getting

into

run

do

the

through

the

into

their

herbs; gave

libertyto

at

usual
bottles

other

seven

different

of

on

are

gas

full

They

through

not

ing
mak-

when

that

He

it.

containing the

it

read

and

using

were

bottle

of

gallons at one time, and
thousand
gallons, and when

the

tion
considera-

manufacture,

one

was

one

that

cylinders. They

its

of their vapor;

patent

a

propertiescombine

its manufacture.

of

basis

from

confident

are

the

Boston

introduced.

was

company,

fluid extracts

the

extracts

the

through
passed

applicationfor

an

medical

for the

vapor

parties that

the

the herbs

others, as

They

their

method

from

then

mixture
of

one

and

the

was

gas

solution, and

containing a

of

manager

they passed

gas

alkaline

transacted, the

was

presented

testimonials

nitrous
the

business

society.

descriptionof

a

number

said

Co.

J. Hunter,

R.

gave

routine

regular

As

soon

in the
was

as

Shep-

the

top, the

curing
se-

box
time

again taken,

three-fourths

min-

Societies.

Dental

in the

utes

entered

vapor

this

During

vapor.

box, while

the

126

experiment

free

vent

given

was

flow

constant

a

of

it from

to

the
the

top.
Another

end

the

at

in

placed

five and

of

box, and

the

half

one

nitrous

minutes

The

Chairman
had

Prof.

of

had

the

Committee

Executive

the
new

Prof.
The

consists

gas

Nitrous

H.

L.

of

laughing

or

ethereal

an

announced

different

two

that

chemists,

Griffin,Esq., of

chloride,

or

gas

Holyoke.

chloroform

"

1

tests

"

made:

were

determined

was

"

"

100

following conclusive
The
specific gravity

cent.

per

ethel

or

of

trace

a

99

-

chloride, probably

chloride

methyl

1.

bit
rab-

the

of:

oxide

Vapors

then

analyzed by

vapor

Mayr, of Springfield and
Mayr reports as follows :

The

oxide

dead.

was

they

then

was

used, and

was

gas

rabbit

exactly

0"C.

at

.

and

760

The

barometer

m.

in

gas

Pure

oxide

difference
of

lightervolitile

excluded,
2.

The

as

gas

inches).

30

(according to Regnault.)
and obtained
1 per cent
by
like

vapors
than

the

above

mentioned

ture
the admix-

chlorides,

of chloroform
is
cent) amount
is very heavy (4.3 spec, gravity; air=l.)
its vapor
is non-inflammable, hence
no
variety of organic ethers

(more

organic volatile

or

1.52

=

is less than

considerable

any

and

question 1.51.

nitrous

The

(32" F.

chlorides

1

per

amounting

to

than

more

one

cent

per

present.
3.

into

A

splinter of wood
flame, leaving as combustion
glowing

a

acid
4.

of

a

and

Treated
trace

a

of

trace

nitric

chlorine.

2,

The

An

effect upon

of

a

effect

volatile
of

the heart

shows:

gas

hydro-carbons both amounting
5. Physiological
experiments I made
myself show:
pleasant odor
and ordinary

will

gas

burst

bonic
products,only nitrogen,car-

of

presence

volatile

A

the

acid,

by organic analysisthe
of

into

thrust

to

organic

nitrous

oxide

1.

less than

one

with

presence
of

trace"

a

myself

The

organic

per

cent.

the

gas

on

"

ether

in traces.

in every

slightlystronger

than

The

eral
gen-

singleparticular.
pure

nitrous

ox-

The

126

ide.

Not

nitrous

Dentistry.

of

pleasant or unpleasant after

more

any

effects,than

pure

oxide.

Mr.

Martin

follows:

in
Co.'s

"Second

.

.

of

as

following direct
Boston
Vegetable

of

trace

no

"

"

of

any

ox.

"

"

ide,
diox-

carbon

dioxide,

minute

a

nit.

cent

per

.

these

tected.
de-

gases

of

amount

matter

tion
determina-

in its

made,

this not

of

reported

Quantitative
preparation.
according to agreement."

hei'bs used

the

to

the

oxide, nitric

'v-apor'also actually contains

"The

the

9O.OO

.

for nitric

made

hydi'ogen, and

oxygen,

made

91.08

-

'^

were

Mass.,

Holyoke,

vapor:

determination,

"First

"Tests

of

oxide.

impure nitrous

certifythat I have
analyzing a sample

"I herein

Anaesthetic

called

Griffin,chemist

L.

determination

be

might

up, the gas

Summing

due

Archives

for discussion.
then announced
subject was
open
Dr.
not
Shepard. In timing the experiments I was
with
them
as
proving conclusively that the new
vapor
oxide.
In the
to nitrous
experiment with the new
affected
not
noticed
the rabbit
as
was
quickly as the
The

satisfied

"

oxide; the

nitrous

to

was

a

little

only

nine

over

the

turned

was

gas

the

taking
but
say exactl)"",

cannot

first rabbit

The

minutes, and

the

tne

under

with

one

and

rabbit

a

began
the

vapor
it

judge

new

I

vapor

one

other

should

under

other

the

on

effect; with

was

In

accurately.

more

rior
supe-

was

vapor

lived

oxide

lived

nitrous

five minutes.
C. S. Hiirlbut.

Dr.
oxide

allowed

was

I think

used, and

one

cause

so

I

minutes.

three

about

time

it

signs that
longer.

show

time

the

from

minutes

half

I timed

latter

was

I noticed

"

that

rabbit

the

enter

to

would
die

to

that
box

make

a

than

when

new

than

the

always

been

vapor
with

difference

quite a

sooner

the

nitrous

of

current

stronger

it, and

under

one

was

the

new

vapor.
S.

Dr.

E.

oxide

nitrous

Dai'enport
as

pure

"

It

has

possible.

as

I do

not

the
think

point
this

to

new

make
vapor

improvement, as there is danger in using impure gas.
Hurlbut
I will say that
to Dr.
Geo. A. Ma.v.jieldIn answer
vent
to the box, allowing all the surplusgas to pass
a free
was

be any

can

Dr.
there

"

out, and
been

any

as

it

Avas

pressure
pressure,

much
of
and

larger
gas

than

in the box,

therefore

must

the inlet, there
that
have

it

was

been

could

simply
alike

to

not

the
both

have
phere's
atmos-

rab-

Societies.

Dental

In

bits.
the

poisonous

four

volumes
could

would

be

the

such

gases,

of

person

kept
danger.

in

In

oxide

expelled from
investigators.

other

under

longer
Mr.

H.

the

fact that

is

J. Hunter.

You

"

merit

some

all

can

see

of

will

finished.

I

soon

as

he

does

already told

me

that

in the

as

Prof.

vapor

ether
stand

ready

either

in

our

it

Silver.
Section"

Voted
be

asked

to

I

now

pour

us

and

I

some

it into

the

company
trace

any

courtesy and

of
tention
at-

first.

paper

Gold

and

out

the

then

on

are

filtered

wash
pour

is the

the

a

and

into

the

gold, and

this

be

to

in

rubber

a

This

acid

add

water

a

inum,
platment
sedi-

the

treated

again.

little water,

and

tate
heavy milky-white precipiof

silver.

by pouring
j)recipitate
I do

subject.

perhaps, some

filter it,and

paper,

Prof.

bottle, and

a

unpleasant.
gold. I then

dissolve

is chloride

it off.

this

very

piece of

liquid,and

down

of

scraps

liquid off and

salt

common

just read, and

paper

amalgam

which

this

dry

to

Hemorrhage.

acid, having first arranged

fumes,

pour

it throws

liquid and

settle and

oxide

Sections.

Mayr's

on

paper
of

the bottom

at

now

spread
take

has

is neither

our

detect

practicaldemonstration

a

nitric

strong

sediment

which
the

a

everything except probably

etc.

I

give

off the

carry

the

read

I first put these

"

them

dissolves
and

the

Prof.

discussion

the

to

JProf.Mayr.
tube

call up

have

to

Barthlemev}
defer

to

on

voted

was

nitrous
There

the

he

us.

subject and

this

found.

por
va-

results

what

much

society for

the

his

from

can

the

called.

2

S. B.

pour

shown

who

one

any

chemists

two

Mayr read a paper on Principles of Assaying
(See Prof. Mayr's paper, page 97.)

Prof.

Mayr

to

strated
demon-

having

are

as

minutes

vapor,

the

know

have

to

after

it has

Boston, and

near

a

agreed

three

new

its manufacture,

thank

I

vapor.

motion

Dr.

"500

pay

they have
to drop

Voted
On

to

in

used

chloroform

or

find

not

claims

Mayr

lived

We

made.

or

oxide,

experiment

much

how

chemist

as

the

in the

have

published

if three

half minutes

a

rabbit

other

disagree in the analysisthey
analyzed by a prominent
be

the

and

three

from

longer, and there
bit
morning, the rab-

conditions, I think

same

there

in

box, thus

the

As

precisely the

the

lived

only

it free

nitrous

the

much

state

experiment

the

air

with

given

anaesthetic

an

nitrous

with

be

have

to

oxide, etc., but

nitric

as

under
was

it is necessary

could

oxygen

be

no

oxide

nitrous

making

\-27

this several

on

times.

I

now

cold

pour
water,

I then

oft'
let it

spread

128

The

this chloride
it in

pack
the

crucible

a

Voted
Section

lead

defer
4

through

"

would

not

of

length

a

paper

discussion

a

bottom

the

of

Hydrochlorate

on

of

this paper.

on

Crowning

paper
ask

like

Dr.

caine.
Co-

of

Roots.

Stowell's

if any

apicalforamen

that

trouble.

any

root, and

the

is,that

reason

cause

perfectlyby

I

for

reasons

the

of

it would

am

put in

then

using

a

should

lead

be

encyst there, and

very

careful

lead

plug

filled

Searle.

Dr.
forced

Dr.

Even

All

to

throw

Maa'field
lengthy article on
Dr.

"

to

the

measure

that

just goes

to

end

believe

api(talforamen,
believe

roots

filled in the

them

trouble;

The

in the

this

paper

body,

it does

will

in the

will

olus.
alve-

time
some-

and

herself

assert

off.

In the

Medical

"Dead

Teeth

articles

practice,and

of

described

manner

if

certainlyencyst

surely encyst

nature

them

I found

them,

author

encyst

it will

that

filled

had

root.

the

as

sometimes

bullets

I

will

lead

the

cause

especiallyif
experience,roots

to extract

the

of

to

measurements

in my

had

apt

root;

thought

I have

when

persistentneuralgia caused

for such

time

will be

the

so

filled

being

roots

accurate

of

it

found

Record
in the

by

are

very

and

Jaws," also
of

teeth, the
severe

charge that such

ignorance,etc., of anatomy

November

of

troubles

subject, citingdifferent

filled.

end

the

the

at

not

to

"

by taking

fillingto

considerable

cause

same

they

reaching the

lead

reason

Riggs.

endeavor

in

the

claims; because
us

I think

and

I do

"

through

give

method, and

afterwards

failed

I had

about

crooked; I have

perfectly,but
that

certain

future.

fail in

ai'e

I had

that

so

feel

not

such

near

will often
roots

I do

"

any

in the

trouble

been

in the

mass

pnt it into

silver.

read

would

the

C. Jones.

Dr.

a

molten

a

then

end.

the

the

soda, and

I

dry

called.

rea,d

My

forced

not

of

When

dry.

to

paper

fillthe roots.

to

Stoicell.

the

of

called.

I

"

Dr.

you

is

the

was

Miller.

Dr.

result

Maxfield

S. S. Stowell

Dr.

carbonate

then

A.

to

with

metal

Dentistry.

of

piece

a

on

is pure

3 was

Geo.

Dr.

the

which

Section

so

silver

of

furnace, and

crucible

Archives

in

the

eye
of

and

I

is

on

also
had

dentists

owing

think

ear,

which

condemning

practice

physiology.

editorial

an

roots

is a

8, there

we

to

their

cannot

Societies.

Dkntal

he

129

in

I find that gutta percha and iodoform
fillingroots.
make
best fillings,
will
close up
the
the
as
by its use you
tubules
into the pulp canal.
that open
Dr.
I wish
S. iJ. Davenport.
to say that the article just alluded
considerable
the dentists of New
to has stirred up
feeling among
of the Odontological Society
York, and that at the meeting next week
tion.
they are going to give up the whole evening to its consideracareful

too

"

Adjourned.
The
evening

session

devoted

was

ner"
"after-dinbanquet and
anniversary of
twenty-fiirst

to

a

speeches, the occasion being the
the organization of the society,and
of much
interest
was
historical
members
the chief feature being an
address
by
D. Shepard of Boston.
"

FRIDAY

Called
Dr.

order

to

of

Timmie,

continuous

work,

so

I

there

no

trouble

plate is

finished

in the

used
Dr.
cards

and

societyto
On

in about

method

of

explained their
visit the
it

takes

exhibited

to

new

form

invited

the

a

Also
at

voted

was

little

very

on

being

furnace

and

and

care

gold cylinders and
gold filling.

use.

Carnival

while

gasoline

a

clinic

a

the
of

Montreal,

broken

was

use

given

have

the

minutes.

twenty

exhibited

Herbst

motion

I

so,

attending it; it

also

Andres,

do

m.

a.

to

furnace

my

to

10.15

at

I intended

"

but

unable

am

Timmie

Dr.

President

Hoboken.

gum

moved,
is

the

by

L.

Dr.

14.

NOVEMBER

MOKNING,

the

to

Montreal

take

this

is

examination

of

members

the

of

winter.

coming

for discussion

up

foil that

the

papers

viously
pre-

read.
Dr.

Maxfield's

paper

Hydrochlorate

on

of

Cocaine

first

was

called.'
Dr.

L.

D.

strength of
of

nse

several

1. This
page

two

such

W.

Dr.

16.

S1ie2Kirdexhibited

a

H.

cases,

paper

weak

solution

Atkinson.
one

will

I think

cent.

per

case

be

"

will

not

I have

for

found

a

lady
in

the

results

a

who

was

four

January

per

very

solution

I have
its

warrant

used

the

the

of

some

had

our

the
tice.
prac-

solution

cent

nervous,

number

the

from

in

use

of

of

and

in

I had

Archives,

130

The

good

I

Archives

excavating to put in a
said she hardly felt any pain.
I think
cocaine
will be the coming anaesthetic.
full strength in a cavity and think
I

she
that
some

success.

Dr.
two

E.

considered

being

We

full

it would

be

an

eight per

cent

can

ization

effect

of

Dr.

hear

not

grains of

in consequence.
Niles

Dr.
Dr.

Atkinson's

minutes
the

Dr.

mouth.

w^as
sensibility

in the

the

not

two

tidote.
an-

think

not

it

I should

By

able

to

using
get

otherwise

co-

the

solution.
to

paper,

my
a

lowed
swal-

serious

very
a

Dr.

as

had

man

no

such

be

its

to

sult
re-

poison

violent

of the two

piece of

cotton

solution

cent

per

saturated

was

upon

and

lowed
al-

After
ten
superior incisors.
said there was
a marked
benumbing, though
It was
the
clusion
general conwholly removed.

the gum

on

than

be.

small

A

do

were

with

therefore

results.

known

no

solution.

where

case

a

try

suggested,but

weaker

alkaloid

applied some

Atkinson

that
use

it may

then

remain

to

the

I

it.

call attention

cited

to

is

time, though
a

going

stronger, owing

they

from
to

It cannot

thinks

Shepard

like

I there

it.

twenty-two
Dr.

than

far,

stronger solution

a

cent

Boston

so

shall get better

using

shorter

a

I would

"

did

in

different

any

in

am

far there

so

results

my

I

any

eight per

an

in

from

Dr. Atkinson

as

solution

Maxfield.

Niles

careful

use

eye

get

poison, and

very

safe to

to

sell

to

strength

the

not

was

refused

be

able

not

was

violent

a

should

is safe try the
say

I

"

they

as

phosphate fillingand

was

S. Niles.
cent,

per

as

Dentistry.

of

solution

cent

per

the

over

not

was

strong

enough

to

mouth.

[to

NEW

YORK

J

continued.

he

SOCIETY.

ODONTOLOGICAL

held
on
Meeting of this Society was
S. G.
of Dr.
Tuesday evening, February 17, at the residence
The
house
is appaPerry, No. 46 West
Thirty-seventh street.
rently
The

regular Monthly

perfect, alike
great
of
of

design

and

decoration.
the

exhibited
Dr.

credit

a

the

upon

The

Under

disk

mandrel

destroying

the

"incidents
and
R.

some

uses,

and

flects
re-

ity
exquisitetaste, originaland

Jarvie

modern

forms

of

cupied
Brooklyn, ocof office practice,"Dr. Bogue
sand paper
disks, invented
by

Wm.

I.,designed for

contour.

social

of the ancient

President, Dr.

chair.

and

for his

owner

happy blending

Smith, of Newport

without

family, dental

for

The

use

in

President

polishingfillings
then

stated

that

Archives

The

132

The
its

performs

its proper

for many

years.

At

and

Evil

Teeth

of

it the

the

in

jaws,

them:

disease,

looked

be

it has

as

Conceded

the

of

cause

of

if

they

them

enable

with

in the

ceases
an

bear.

to

would

tartar"
of

dentistry

the

but

cause

noticed

distinctly

that to

bad

or

tain
re-

practice.

general practitioner
in their

instruction

oculist

extraction

saying

unsafe

least tell the difference

often

neglect are
with by both

is not

that

is

treatment,

to

is either
the

comes
be-

becomes

is not

met

are

enough

receive

to

at

to

that

know

compositi
de-

which

alveolaris

amenable

jaws

the

by different
other,that Bright's disease

eacli

to, but

ficulties.
dif-

the cementum

science

suffering from

not

are

the

of

sorts

and

ral
au-

schools

pulplessand

between

teeth.

dead

stated

President

The

absent, being, with
Buffalo,
of
Dr.
have

had

able
the

and

them

New

York,

asked

appeared

object to

such

in the
a

the

Society
If

so

Record.

course,

not,

if it

however,

answer

he

fects
Ef-

Chicago
The

per
pa-

discussion.
intended

was

published as
in

A.

unavoidably

was

Schenectady.
for

Dr.

"The

profession from

before

of

evening.
entitled

Jaws'.'

near

report

the

paper

therefore

elaborate

views

a

the

snow-bound

Bogue
Sniith'lDodge,of

the very

of

members

hour

w^as

of
which

that

at

Dr.
J

other

of

Essayist

the

to read
Chicago, who was
Pupless Teeth Remaining in the

of

and

that

of

Harlan

W.

all

to

pulp;

been

which

resorted

be

course

pulplessteeth
be glad to
should
specialistwere

to

the

dentine

of the

pyorrhea

troubles,

reflex

aurist, and,

should

I

rise

"tartar"

often

teeth

that

havoc

fillingwas
decompostion infiltrating

with

be that

whenever

for

marked.

and

much

peri-cementum,

even

observers, widely separated from
may

and

after

gave

putrescent

a

then, too, it may

effect of

an

course

through

and

remain

long
aid

of

antagonist,

an

kind

the

added

to

months

or

has

or

tooth"

"pulpless

by nature, and
envelope furnished
burden
for the rapidly disintegrating organ
of periosteal nourishment
"divested
by

be

not

the

obtunder

pain

a

impregnation

the

products
to

of

tissues

affected

as

weeks

few

a

follow

results

and

mephitic products

the

surrounding

the

used

was

caused, pulps dying
completed,

with,

functions, especially if it

arsenic

time

one

interfered

nutrition

of

source

irritated

is not

slightlyvascular,

but

being

cementum

Dentistry.

of

an

to

should
because

official
the
most

of

to
pression
ex-

articles
uously
stren-

any

dis-

Dental

from

sent

the

arguini'iit

though he did
did
from

medical

a

man,

dignityof

the

notice
in

this

object to

of

Dr.

schooled

Dr.
in

that
of

the

show

to

where

he

look

into

the

ignorance of
lady patient who

had

did

believe

not

had

in
If

into
Dr.

treated

case

one

disease,

dental

whole

a

per
ical
med-

dentist's

cited

concerning

men

9.5

the

the

B.

he

ever,
state, how-

success

come

selves.
them-

said

upon,

woivld

He

benefited.

been

extended

and

called

that

cases

medical

it beneath

pulplessteeth.

treated

theni, they might be

the

a

had

when

articles

schooling by dentists

Philadelphia, being

he

cases,

these

of

signified. He

needed

who

some

elaborate

such

any

Dodge had stolen his thunder.
his practicehe thought he had

cases

from

take

to

in

and

report;

considered

He

subject.

the

teeth"

official notice

this report

as

of

would

men

hands

body

by those

Bonwill,

thought
cent

the

this

upon

the matter

being

"dead

object to the term
society'staking

not

of

facts

of

statement

or

133

Sociktif.s.

cians
by physi-

year

by
completely relieved of her trouble
him
accused
in a single hour.
of
He also spoke
by a
having been
of a
physician of having poisoned his wife by the introduction
red gutta percha filling. Dr. B. thought
would
he
account
on
no
be
derives
from
he
deprived of the satisfaction
treating and
without

saving these

of

cases

Proj^.Garretson,
the

pleasure

his

pulplessteeth.
after

to

the

visit to

them

not

need

to

than
differently,
rich

man

cheeked
red

oral

there

because

because

fact that

one

to

or

for

was

some

milk-maid

alluded
the

person

try

persons
Mr.

said

he

to

prove

one

said

him,

gave

useful
and

a

the

poor
color

to

of

had

himself

or

her

save

fact said

the

prove

Prof.
oral

proving

practiceto

man,

of

made

serviceable

and

proper

ignorant

fession
pro-

had
of

need

more

no

Vanderbilt
was

It

itself.

white.
they were
in
to
conflictingmatters
many
remote
pains and troubles
many

some

ago

years

defend

There
was
just as surgery had.
that properly treated
pulpless teeth were
for years and years, and that it was
good
some

recalling

consideration, that the

its way

them, because

societyand

some

subject under

dentistrydid

the

complimenting

former

said, in relation
of

was

success,

the

cheeks
G.

rosywere

ally
incident-

surgery
their

a

seat

and

to

in the

cavity.
Other
made
the subject were
interestingremarks
by Drs.
upon
Atkinson, Allport,Darley, Brackett, Winder, Shepard and others.
The
meeting then adjourned, and at the invitation of Dr. Perry re-

134

The

paired to
of

and

the

dining-room,

hour

an

Archives

social

of

Dentistry.

or

where

elegant collation

an

converse

partaken

was

held.

was

M.

A.

The
of

publication,in
Annual

the

is

this

Dinner,

prevented b}'an

which

accident

office is situated, which
of

composition.

will
March

cordial

this and
An

place on

the

building

following evening,
which
our
printing

the
in

work

time, the

a

of

the

SOCIETY.
Vermont

Burlington, Vermont,

at

State

ety
Soci-

Dental

commencing

Wednesday

continuing threeCdays.

invitation

adjoining

DENTAL

Meeting

18, 1885, and

A

took

STATE

Annual

be held

interesting report

very

completely suspends, for

VERMONT
Ninth

to

the

[Ed.

"

The

of

number,

is extended

states

is

members

to

of

profession in

the

l)e present.

to

interesting session

anticipated.
Mound,

Thos.

\t.

Sec'y.,Rutland,

SOIJTIIKRX
The

Southern

Meeting
Dryade
the

City

of New

between

will hold

Orleans,

Canal

Exposition, together

doubt

unusual

Association

and

at

Common

its Seventeenth

Tulane

nual
An-

Hall, situated

streets,

on

commencing

in March.
''{"'uesday

last

The
no

in the

ASSOCIATION.

])ENTAL

Dental

street

D.

with

and

large attendance
and profit.

induce

a

interest

cheap
the

traveling
meeting

will

rates,

will

be

one

of

.T. 1". ForxT(Vix,
Sec.

Cor.

Scarcely a

week

in

but

see

we

the

evil results

of

D.

A.

simple

in the extraction
persistentcussedness
sunk
better if all extractingforceps were
be
It would
teeth.
This
time it is a beautiful
the
Kentucky
depths of the sea.

unthoughtful
of

passes

S.

blunders

girl,scarcelyfifteen
lateral

incisors

or

years

extracted

has

had

purpose

of

old, who
for

the

four

sound

making

room.

and

perfect
M.

Journalistic.

1 85

JOURNALISTIC.
'Heading

maketh

Ox

Reflex

De

in

which

case

respects

a

forms

very

time

B

A.

Signora

of

either
of

the

pain

tooth

which

had

month

daily

of the

and

signs of

during

out

later

years

the

the

lady

and
it

was

the

first molars
sixth
the

to

that

a

reflex

each

left inferior

began
wisdom

pain, began

the

that

it

ical
physiologin

irritation

the

the

becoming

a

for

the

it

month

simple

by

ond
sec-

ment
move-

ceased.

pregnant

until

during

like all the
The

second

time,

left molar,of the

in the

tooth

by

same

ing
becom-

early part

mastication.

accompanied

tooth.

lesion

jaw;

reflex

the

the
expiration of the fifth pregnancy
and the right lower
wisdom
tooth.

pregnancy

right

of the fourth

loosened
out

first

manifesting
the
pain and

preceding gestation,the

pushed

port
re-

first

accordinglv. Meanwhile

of mastication

more

a

belief

the

of

looseness, the

became

some

the

the

pregnancy
of

the

pain

the

the

to

in the first lower

the

pregnancies followed,
At

The

in

as

more

eighth month,

other

time

act

for

or

commencement

immediately pain began
gradually

the

the

tongue, when

spasmodic character
the

of

seat

acute, until at the

more

Two

show

to

pushed

was

the

been

in

lead
On

diagnosis was
changed
and treated
of gestation,

symptom

in

admirable

and

pain

to

as

neuralgia of the trifacial nerve.
itself,and referringto the commencement
the

full and

process,

was

symptoms,

is

perceptible organic

no

such

was

(Chevalier
Science).

article

age,

alveolar

tooth,

Teeth

the

profession is certainly under

with

with

but

the

of

years

attacked

was

molar,

character

19
.,

pregnant,

inferior

the

the

Cacciaguerra for so
substantiallyas follows:

"

of

Dental

of

of

Dr.

is

which

and

one,

Fall

"

Journal

substance

remarkable

obligationsto
and

the

man;

Menstruation.

of

BritisJt

ready

a

man."

Action.

Cessation

in

and

conference,
exact

an

Dental

Cacciaguerra,

The

writing,

Uterine

Gestation

IN

full man;

a

and

Three

same

lady

of

toms.
symphad

lost

attacking this
attending physician and

others

and

136

The

the

desired

family

to

it

fifth month

the

tooth

from

attacked

were

of pregnancy,

and

this resulted

the

there

exfoliated; and

was

Dentistry.

of

consultation, and

a

extract

lost teeth
until

Archives

fact that

was

in

mendation
recom-

the

when

abatement

no

the

of

ding
prece-

the

toms
symp-

the
at
lady had arrived
therapeutic treatment
adopted
the

as

the

was
avail, the tooth
proving of no
accordingly extracted.
twelve
days there was
complete relief,but at the end of this

the

second

and

instead

lost

a

and

tenth

left upper

molar

of at the

few

her

each,

eleven

pregnancy

the

that at the

so

molar

but

in

usual

order,
of

had

been

the

molar

the

ceased
after

to menstruate

this,just how
of looseness

aware

of

want

The

care

long
and

of the

could
in

pain

finallybecame

only remaining
form

new

she

being
final

last

state,

the

for

Two

years

slie

teeth

which

with

passed

She

passed

time

some

of

became

from
tion.
mastica-

gradual

a

this

from

free

was

this

recur.

purposes

tooth, however,

nancy
preg-

from

when

remaining

useless

wisdom

disease.

not

the

and

of age

forty-twoyears

at

eighth,

and

the

lady completed her thirty-seventh year and
reflex physiologicalsymptoms
did not
again

the

was

tooth

the
time

tooth

tenth

With

lost.

form^

seventh,

a

time

acute

more

The

completion

teeth

a

eighth month,

confinement.

gestations followed

lost with

of the

beginning

before

days

attacked

was

For

ioration
deter-

of the

patient'scondition.
At this time Dr. Cacciaguerra was
first called to attend the lady,
the above
facts having been
gleaned from the medical attendant,
from
the patient and from
the family.
On
olar
examining the maxillary arches "I found a suppurative alve*
*
destruction
of tissue
there was
periostitial
gingivitis,
"

*

and
extreme
to

other
The
cause

upon
there

the

base, which

alveolar

the

were

of

cause

the

ble
swollen, highly vascular, insensiwere
mobility; the gums
ladened
with a calcareous
the touch, bleeding easily,and the teeth
aided
their fall."
Up to this time seven
deposit which
had

teeth
author
of

the
was

extracted.
In

risingof

a

resume

affections

been

lost.
that

states

this last form

permanent
no

from

a

differential

the

disease

cessation

of the

of

to

diagnosis he

be

reflex action,

menstrual

the
caused

of

author

by

says

reflex

"this

action

shows

account
*

*

*

from

teeth

the

dependent

discharge,

saving the remaining thirteen
their
Considerable
hemorrhaga followed
hope

believes

and

as

they were

removal.
two

the

periostitial
effect of two

18T

Journalistic.

principalphysiologicalfunctions
first sho-wed

itself with

this

case

reflex action

and

produced the destruction

the

The

second

was

itself in consequence

are

tion
genera-

of
periostitis

dental

in its

*

arches.

action

if

positionas

*

discharge.
by a simple
alveolar

the

and

teeth

The

what

foreign to

In

showed

which

menstrual

the

of the

*

by

*

*

clear,marked,,

a

irreparablelooseness

an

of the

of

caused

*

gingival swelling followed
teeth, which
increasing destroyed

the

caused

process,

pain

teeth.

reflex

cessation

of the

first with

began

molar

of eleven

physiological

a

reflex

symptomatic

a

only the large molars.
repeated eleven times was

attacked

generation, which

This

which,

uterus

menstruation.

and

The

of the

ization
disorgantooth

wisdom

around

happening

was

mained
re-

it.

reflex
of the
diagnosis and therapeuticsof the cure
symj)would
merit
in the gestationswas
but
this
most
exact,
subject
creasing
of the inspecialand profound study on the manifestations
insight into the influence
phases in order to obtain more

The
toms
a

more

of the
In
the

uterus

the

second

teeth.

reflex

affection

which
insensibility,

had

disease

the

been

attained

The
of

the

over

been

by

affection

the

locallymanifested
single tooth

that

tooth
of

In
error

the
in

each

the

his
a

claims

attacked

and

they

condition

very

the
reflex

the

case

of

and

action

the

by gestation

inflammation
At
of

be

from

of

each

all the

tion
gestaothers,

marked

explanation.
undoubtedly
to

appears

irritation

necks

has

one

constitutional

the

are

be

to

seem

purely

exclusion

author

have

treatment."

acute

difticult of

ta

for

could

induced

an

due

was

cure

would
a

These

also

one

mechanical

about
from

marked

to

are

a

single tooth.

a

the
the

as

of

molar.

a

diagnosis,for

upon
calculus

case

second

expressed

time

article

teeth

first symptoms,

stage

irritation

alveolus

was

the

resultingfrom

nervous

or

and

pericementum
a

and

general

of

rational

in the

alveolaris

the

of

in its first

attacked

first described

condition, viz:
and

neglect

local,general, and

a

pyorrhea

acute

caused

loss

the

his

liarities
pecu-

made

an

scription
de-

own

pendent
pyorrhea alveolaris, but defrom
the
deposits of salivary-

roots

consequent

of

the

upon

teeth, and
the

not

cessation

as

of

he.
the

catamenia.
It would

illustrate the

be

difficult

systemic

to

and

find two
the

local

cases

which

more

completely

origin of pyorrhea alveolaris.

Archives

138

The

One

originatingfrom

purely
The

local

that

in various
the

the

forms

of

and

female,
troubled

certain

forms

to

this

reflex

trifacial

the

from

other

as

constitutional

as

under

there

be

can

in

its

lation
stimu-

proper

doubt,

no

pecially
es-

and

neuroses.

not

reproductive

diathesis, and

of

organs

sons
Per-

diseases.

in malarial

gestation,and

symptom

uncommon

an

affecting the

uric acid

clearlydefined,

conditions

is

nerve

disease

a

is classed

disease

are

during

with

to

and

and

yet very

not

constitutional

common

of

Neuralgia

is

it which

of

rise

most

disease

the

various

give

the

among

of

form

That

may

constitutional

purely

causes.

etiology

origin.

Dentistry.

of

suffering from

those

also preand gout, are
kidney disease, rheumatism
disposed
of the pericemental membrane
inflammatory conditions
of

alveolar

processes.

in the periocertainly beget irritability
donteal
erate
tissue,and, in cacoplasticstates of the blood, may degenSeveral
nutritional
the
cases
are
on
changes."
(Garretson.)
uterine
in which
from
record
reflex
nervous
ments
displaceirritability
the undoubted
proved
were
origin of the affection,as was

"Neuralgic associations

the

by

trouble.
Other
to

have

as

soon

of

cure

the

disease,

successful

on

of

treatment

uterine

the

1

liave

cases

been

which

reported in

appeared

disease

the

origin in a disease of the kidneys, and one case in particular,
which
adopted,
rapidly improved under the local treatment
had
before
the
as
cured, but which
kidney affection was
tion.
all attempts to place the affected teeth in a healthy condiits

resisted
-

It is also
times

been

e(juallytrue
the

pyorrhea
times

many

active

causes

alveolaris,and

the

most

rheumatism

that

through

"

the

obstinate

their

gout

the

dental

have

effect of

toxic

this

arisingfrom

cases
ones

and

surgeon

many

ing
producare

source

has

to

deal

with.
Treatmknt
Oil.

"

Dr.

of

Parotid

Fistila

Molliere, of Lyons, has

by

the

resorted

In.iection
to

an

in order
employed by experimental physiologists,
with
lobe of
fistulous opening associated
one

1.

Journallof

2. Journal

of

Fat

of

ingenious
to

the

cure

an

oe

device
nal
exter-

parotid gland.

the

American

Medical

Association,

1885, p. 147.

the

American

Medical

Association,

1883, p. 641.

140

The

from

this

his

the

Further

preference

given by
mixture)

its

peculiarityof

to fear."

cause

Archives

of

means

has

whole

I

am

These

in the

two

ether

inhaler.

arrestingthe

far better

with

both

statements

corroboration, and

from

interne

and

secretion
it than

France

and

"It

(this

urine, and

of
any

ses
expres-

chloroform,

adds:

he

on

abundant

Tait

part

one

Later

in

pleased

had

report Lawson

same

parts

Clover's

effect

no

action, I certainlyhave

on

for

Dentistry.

of

oa

other

(anesthetic)."
England, require

charge of the anesthetic
in any of our
able
during a given term
hospitals,could contribute valuinformation
to the professionby a
further investigationassociated
with all the necessary
be
scrupulous precautions which can
carried out
in a hospital. This
of Lawson
statement
Tait, that
''for patients with
is a
damaged
kidneys ether
dangerous
any

anesthetic," associated
anesthetics
issue
the

has

made

statement

a

the

by

lecturer

referred in
we
Charing Cross Hospital, to which
than usually interested
January 3, will make us more

of

at

narration

facts

of

Medical

Weekly
Db.

with

who

John

which

on

on

the
in

be founded.

personal opinions can

"

Jieview.

A.

Wyeth

York
gical
Patholothe New
presented before
Society, December
meeting, four specimens containing one
point of pathologicalimportance and several of surgicalimportance.
The
first was
a
specimen of
Sarcoma

old,
four

by

A.

oe

B

decayed

a

and

bled

and

weeks

about

the
On

the

inferior

the

last molar

the

cheek
of

the

inferior

both

sides
on
was

lie had

for

did

tooth, was
side

mother

left

before
to

appear
the

to

extracted, and

side, from

the

seat

of

the

beyond
enlarged.

November
fact that

19.

Dr.

the
The

said

of

a

new

inferior

last molar.

after

he had

this,and
be

the

alveolar
incisor

growth,
maxilla

along
The

and
the

that

the

process
back

of
to

involving
sublingual

upper

cervical

the

until foin-

tooth
also

that

continuous

also

enlarged

hospitalthe

side; it also extended

maxilla

the

not

the

on

outer

tooth

eight days

admission

same

were

the

in size. The

neck

maxilla

and

the

case

in

toothache

ago.

gland

tooth

flesh increased

severe

glands

had

times.

at

piece of

he

ago

Jaw

occurring in a boy eleven years
The
of England.
patient said that about
noticed
of flesh" hanging down
"a hunk
the lower
jaw. This hurt him on eating,

native

a

,

months

Lower

the

side

glands

of
of

was
operation for its removal
formed
perThe
point of surgical importance in the
the periosWyeth kept far away from

Journalistic.

operated in healthy tissues.
so
complete that it had not

and

teum

recovery,

hold

to

apparatus

also

Specimens

presented
seven

portion of

a

for

and

child

the

when

two

had

cheek,

the

the

size of

down

to

of the

hen's

a

the

ear.

and

The

showed

sound.

On

touched

bare

jaw.

which

touched

the

probe

bone

had

bare

not

were

until
and

The

point

so

sequestrum
part of the

was

ramus,

loose.
of

by
different
essentialliy
Neurotomy
a

case

performed

the

lobule

of

extracted

the

the

the

terior
in-

the

mor,
tu-

were
some

cavity,
tooth.

pointed just behind

the

the

the

it

On

angle

of

probe introduced,

for necrosis

performed

was

interest

sequestrum

that

was

the

loose, and

was

thought operations performed early in these cases
the operation was
simple as those in which
delayed

of

from

neuralgia

Wyeth

left lower

which

Inferior

for

Dr.

the

operation,and

not

bone

teeth

side

in which

malar

The

was

surgical

side
about

over

into

of

left

with

passed

Operation

cold

extracted, and

was

the

measles

as

connected

and

of
to

the

far

as

dened
red-

a

tumor

a

tient
pa-

which

had

the

ulceration.

made

a

left side

freely movable

tooth

had

was

bone.

involucrum

an

the

swelling

13.

Wyeth

Dr.

behind

incision

An

from

of exposure

backward

or

molar

When

the

the

from

was

Wyeth

subsided

occupied by

hard, and

a

November

on

and

29,

September 27,
of the

jaw, and

reddening

bone

of

sarcoma.

toothache

after this

angle

was

integument

no

ago,

position.

Dr.

"

removed
had

dental

a

be

to

Jaw.

maxilla

extended

August

escaped.

pus

the

firm

was

maxilla.

part,

which

of

angle
It

lower

egg,

growth

complete

in

jaw

healthy, except that it
admission
to the
hospital

On

the

lower

been

always

at

use

history of injury,or

no

old.

years

of

was

the

to

Lower

the

six weeks

over

a

new

Immediately

weeks.

There

jaw.

the

patientmade
necessary

the

of

the inferior

swelling appeared
lower

been

of

who,

of age,

two

The

revealed

Necrosis

of

years

continued

fragments

examination

Microscopical
Two

the

141

was

that

jaw,

presented
which

accompanied
already narrated.

Dental
of the

also

Neuralgia.

inferior

dental

"

the

he
with

Dr.

nerve,

angle,

had
a

moved
re-

history

Wyeth
in which

ports
re-

he

operation for its relief assisted by Drs. Stevens,
Ripley and others
at the
by making an incision down
gle
anupper
of the jaw, along the borderof the inferior
maxilla, turning
the
loose
the
masseter
flap, dissecting
up
muscle, applying the
the inferior
dental
trephine over
a point opposite to
foramen, exan

"

"

142

The

posing

the

fourths

of

dental

had

then, with
and

nerve,

been

Dentistry.

of

canal, exsecting the

inch, and

an

part of the
There

Archives

pain

no

distance

a

of three-

the

tral
forceps, stretchingthe cenligatingthe inferior dental artery.

also

since

to

nerve

the

Medical

operation.
"

Record.
J. S. M.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC.

Transactions

the

Odontological Society
organization February 1, 1879, to the

its

from

of

1883.

Five

Webb,

Tees, Truman,

authors

of

order,
a

as

proceedings.

years

those

few

these

of

essays

are

The

form

the

year

Essig, Guilford,
others

practice.
would

of

and

as

appear
of

high

a

society is doing
tion
important addi-

an

library.

by the Secretary,
14th Street, Philadelphia,at $3 per copy.
copies

N.

548

names

on

its transactions

to^any dental
A

incidents

on

and

good work,

discussions

close
of

Register, Bownill, Leech

The

essays.

are

The

Pennsylvania,

of

for

are

in
Irregularities

sale

Human

Teeth.

By

Jonn

J. R.

Dr.

Ambler

Tees,

I'atrick,D. D. S.,

Belleville,111.

of

After
and

long

other

this

State

Dental

from

the

In the

This
research

at

most

devices

his

application.

Patrick

irregularities

has

become

an

the

last

full and

meeting

of

complete

that

Illinois

the

has

come

the

designed
The

teeth

for

pamphlet

I)i'. Patrick

this
is

a

are

purpose
most

is
of

valuable

fully illustrated;
of

the Jaws
and

read

and
at

is also

pamphlet
and ability that

Proceedings
Reprint

of

causes

teeth, Dr.

irregularitiesof

of
and

universal

author

same

the

pen.

correction

Closure

read

was

author's

It is

one.

the

Society, is the

equally at home,
almost

of

of

subject.

which

essay,

study

thorough

abnormalities

authority on
This

and

from

Co., St. Louis,

of

the

the
1885.

the

the

of
and

marks

Dr.

Patrick's

Medical

Medical

Tumor.

a

the

interesting volume

the

text

shows

the

productions.

Society for

Meview.

By

place.

illustrated, while

St. Louis

An

time

same

well

Weekly

Removal

J. H.
of

the

year

Chambers

nearly 300

1884.

"
pages,

143

Editorial.

containing full reports
discussions

the

time

to

come

the

them

upon

papers

read

upon

other

and

A

consideration,

for

up

of

before

the

societyand

subjects that

highly

time

from

creditable

and

ful
use-

volume.
Relation

The

Peter

By

the

of
U.

Medical

Professor
of
of
Medicine;
Academy
ChiruigicalCollege,Philadelphia,Pa.;

before, and
of

Medicine,

October
Medical

Times

for December

"Acme"

without

Medico-

a

read

paper

emy
Acad-

American

land,
Meeting, held in Baltimore, Marythe
Philadelphia
Reprinted from

1884.

29,

of

abstract

imprimatur of, the

the

its Annual

at

and

28

Rendle's
Glass

with

published

American

the

of

Ophthalmology,
an

tion.
Educa-

Preliminary

to

D., Fellow

M., M.

A.

Keyser,

Colleges

13,

1884.

Skylights, Plant

for

Glazing

and

Houses,

putty.

EDITORIAL.

CONDITION

PRECEDENT

DENTAL

THE
We

find the
of

number

"It is said
the

at

is

This

a

that

healthy
of

the

A

its last

to

in

statement

the

each

the

a

sufficient

English

indication

and

encouraging
stringentand
students

upon

hear

to

noAV

vital

recent

from

question

of

the

organizationto date,
reading,but would

number

of

would
be

applicants

ten

education."

of

a

of

some

of

the
the

the

growing

other

enforcement
several

statement

successful

timent
sen-

schools
the

of

announcements
college^

of

the

ratio

applications for

institutions,from

several

gan,
Michi-

fecting
exacting i*equirements afthe college course
of studies.

conscientiouslyprepared
whole

of

University

session, rejected

qualificationclause with which
are
annually embellished.

rejectionst()

their

of

college

lack of

a

this

on

carefullyand

admission

of

of

in order

country

primary

of

dental

more

entrance

It will be
of

the

beginning

in favor
the

reliable

'"'"Dental AnnuaV:

matriculation, for

for

IN

COLLEGES.

following presumably

the

MATRICULATION

OF

the

time

of

terestin
only furnish extremely inhelpful in forming some
intelligent
not

144

The

estimate

proximate
which

have

we

ArchivesHof

of

facilitywith
gained access

which

been

a

sentiment

the

of

growth

have
aspirantsfor matriculation
colleges,indicates a laxityin the

the

to

of established
vicious

of

rate

to

alhided.

The

most

the

Dentistry.

M^hich

requirements

influence

the

upon

has

education, but

dental

of

cause

ment
enforce-

exercised

only

not

fore
hereto-

a

has

standing reproach to the profession.
It is folly to
talk
about
a "higher
professional education," by
plying
of studies, or by multiwidening and extending the college course
for the unrestricted
terms, so long at 'the bars are all down
invasion
of

of

defect

is

fundamental,
is

speaking, that can
gold, or any known

by

and

oversliadowing fault

and

lies

deeper

rests

at

the

base

very

curriculum.

the

than

of

the

structure.
super-

alchemy in the schools, metaphorically
into
base
metals
possibility transmute

no

any

of

process

be converted

may

conspicuous

institutions

There

ear

The

comers.

educational

our

The

all

into

metamorphosis

silk

a

by

which

sow's

a

purse.

The

of
right to demand
profession at large has an undeniable
the collegesa rigid and
of a
impartial enforcement
requirement
which
all recognize as a matter
of supreme
one
importance, and
and
interests of the profession.
profoundly affectingthe character
Now
that

that

Michigan school has been
implies good faith,and a determination

reports from

others

will be

of

one

example

an

the medical
from

brite

red

The

of

the

The

Can

A

Cant

teases.

above
notes

of

any

dental

death

from

a

of

be

student

nitrous

the

City,

"Straned
any
on

way

line,"

but

verbatim

et

and

least
lowing
fol-

spit a
No.

feaver

or.nite

swets?

rite.

Fisical

examenshun,

be

can

at

quote the

we

himself

sounds.

fricton

cured

subject practisedby

York

scapular

Herd

clinical

this

New

had

you

copied

was

to

"hew

to

a

J. R.

Record.

Have

expanshun
exagerated breading.
Fibrous

laxityon

collegesof

little

Very

in

EXAMINATIONS.

Medical

collor.

from

in order.

PRELIMINARY
As

heard

the

Herd

sent

literatim

to

from

snores

valves.

mexico."
a

medical

dent's
stu-

lecture.
do

oxide

worse?

gas

has

been

reported

from

Paris.

THE

Archives of Dentistry.
J
A

Record

Monthly

n., No.

Vol.

Dental

of

APKIL,

4.]

Of all the

"DENTAL

HENRY

"^^
This

and,

book

in

the

of

Great

Britain,

attend

which
and

dental

for

journals
to

be

and

generally

accepted

as

which

claim

to

correct

its

present

time,

read

L.

D.

ENG.

S.,

for

its

in

then

been

to

of

in
of
in

which

England
of

and

fully

and

some

in
book

they

seem

has

Written,
a

word

a

dental

yet
as

pretentious

correctly

investigators

without

tific
scien-

in

them

in

of

Society

work

fallacies.

student,

com.-

published

the

cumstances
cir-

the

"permanent

review

their

ings.
teach-

scholars,

then

and

present

possible that,

for

papers

were

No

reliable

but

membership,

Notices

the

its

of

notice

republished

exposes

its spirit,
styl'e,

Odontological

They

teachings.

its
some

The

laudatory,

for

for

special

the

students.

opinions
is

of

before

be, especially

it

S.,

publication.

sufficiently

and

SUMMARY."

science,

worthy

positive style, claiming
facts

well."

is remarkable

authors.

of

C.

E.

dental

journal,

benefit

have

appeared
they

the

M.

includes

investigators

form"

be

originally

were

prominent

of

hardly

excel,

writing

Seajrlet,D.JL..SM^Sptringfip.ld,.Mass....^-^

F.

state

present

which
it

by

is

CRITICAL

A

sixty-six pages

It would

pose

masterpiece

SEWILL,

Review

the wise

in which

arts

CARIES"

BY

Series.

[New

ARTICLES.

chief

Nature's

Art.

and

1885.

ORIGINAL
"

Science

down

the
to

of

portant
imthe

protest

The

146

other

than
the

The

has

been

student

and

do

in

in the

"Caries

agents.
and

a

Enamel

and

manifest

neither

And

author's

of

definition

definition

caries

is

is decidedly

answer

of

caries

is

lows:
fol-

as

external

entirelyto

the
entirely passive under
vital reaction
pathologicalaction nor

vital

stands

directlydue

dentine

are

facts

nor

scientific

called

cess
proof

in the

false basis

vitalityof
their

that

views

are

contempt

of

for

sake

the

written, it may
As

has

dentine
manifest

matter

kind.
does
forces

be

the

well

vital tissues?
no

If

vital reaction
On

under
It may

student

for

expose

their

from

irritation
not

of

any

they

the

that

it must

without.

the

not

the

manifest

overpowering
It does

contain
of

be able tol-esist any

in soft tissues

position
dis-

a

views

is'

attention;

no
are

trary,
con-

opprobious

professedly

possess

that

and

they
ther
fur-

without

living matter, it
bebavior
of living

vital reaction

of

some

successfullythan

more

attacks

enamel

statement

is established

kind

is known

what

The

fallacies.

not,

are

be-

the

and

whom

papers

whom

who

put upon

are

accept other

these

of

party

a

place; on

to

a

ing
fury, signifyis fairlyshown

believe"

workers

paying

of

ridiculous.

little
"I

of

prehensible
"incom-

as

teeth

more

who

those

earnest

they

and

enamel

writers"

the

the

contrary, if they do

the

evident

from

to

papers

of

appear

upon

and

sound

"Recent

tissues

may

in

of

"phantoms

stated,the real question is this: -Are

been

proof.
becomes

of

the

ravings

the

is this all.

everywhere conspicuous. The
epithetsareapplieddo wisely

sues,
tis-

irritated

the

and
spirit of candor
truth-seeking find
what
a
specious effort to maintain
to throw

the
kind

characterized

spirit of
the

that

that

by external
"impressiaaists,"
relyingnot upon

writings

all

that
some

theory
be

can

rigmarole," comparable to
bedlamites, a tale told by an idiot full

believe

admit

maintain

observation, but upon

and
nothing." The tone
by the above quotation; nor

which

manifest

the

which

Their

imagination."

agents, but

maintain

who

livingmatter

upon

theories

the

to

passive,but

not

contemptuously

are

vivid

external

to

Those

contain

agents

opposed

least,are

at

reaction.

dentine

but

Is there

kind."

This

a

his

disintegration due

dentine

is this:

brieflystated

dentine?

and

process

lead
mis-

may

little harm.

a

The

teachings

erroneous

examination

negative.
is

their

not

enamel

Dentistry.

of

uttered

question under

living matter

any

Archives

of
the

chemical
anatomical

or

it

vital
coudi-

Archives

The

148

mediate

mechanism

of

all vascular

off absolutely from

It

pex'meated by

is

minute

fibrils endow

These

tissue

the

of

do

pulp

in

ramify

not

any

formed

Dentine
of

sists
con-

fibrous

sue.
tisbrils.
fi-

occupied by

are

of

the

form

immediate

odontoblasts, the

fibril.

constitutingthe

The

with

contact

off'the

intervening cut

the odontoblasts

ble
capa-

with

sensibility.They

calcification

cell

each

of

centre

not

in dentine.

only protoplasmicelement
"Dentine
is formed
by the

the

uncalcified

tine
den-

Once

basis

a

which
with

upon

relation

within.

with

tubes

the

in

connection.

matrix

calcareous

homogeneous

a

ca])

is enamel

only

from

a

as

it is not

influencingit

of

capable

it is cut

Not

(internal)changes,

intrinsic

of

superimposed

closelyunited.

it is

which

to

is

Enamel

substance.

Dentistry.

of

supply

of

vessels

the

dentine,

nutritive

rial.
mate-

and physiologicalconsiderations
bearing of these anatomical
is totally
subject depends upon the obvious fact that enamel
my
upon
devoid of any
whereby either vital
physiological mechanism
ever
or
pathologicalchanges can be brought about in it,and that whatby external agenundergoes are induced
cies.
changes the enamel
intrinsic
of
enamel
is
the
not
Not
capable
changes,
only
but it is not in relation with any mechanism
capable of influencing
in the
believe
To
within.
possibility of nutritive
from
it
"The

changes in enamel
calcareous

imagine

next

and

from

way

of

of

These

the

own

words:

teeth, which

cent,

Prof.
of

the

"In

of

presence

of

imbibed

has
water.

talked

shown

layer,by

in which

trace

no

contain

have

can

they

author's

the
ow

to

tine
three, "Den-

page

matrix

therefore

stranyely they do

Mayr

On

a"nd dentine

physiology
height of absurdity when
correctness

effete material

detected."

be

enamel

that

it, and

to

the odontoblast

calcareous
can

brought

and

enamel."

this

tion}
incapable of imbibi-

when

new

pulp through

structure

speakers have

and

Note."

the

and

dispute the

writers

6 per

the

reach

do not
his

no

of

teach

papers

of

conveyance

homogeneous

other

or

have

matter,

a

material

nutritive

the

and

which

by

means

some

cellular elements

fibrils to

dentinal

the

cellular

They

vessels

the

consists
of

of

assimilate

could
must

devoid

mass

first conceive

must

we

pathology.

no

state

living

no

that

vitalists
To

anatomy.

quote

of
knowledye of the structure
not seem
to dispute,
recent
some

glibly of
that

enamel

inflammation

contains

of

not

enamel,

less

than

Original

inflammation

of

dental

of

tissues,

Articles.

predisposing

as

enamel

tissues

these

and

facts,but rather
authors
here

love

run

he

ought not
gentleman not
himself

tissues

facts and

led

him

know

i. e"

the

the
that

To
and

and

conviction

hold

that

time

and

take

iology
phys-

in which
non-

direct

as

place in
joke."
in

establish

to

have

which

represent them

dentine

in

livingmatter

The

absolute

elaborate

"an

enamel

upon

and

those

the

to

of

intelligenta

anatomy

diflPerent from

sufficient

were

contain

they

for

not

for

is too

of dental

same

save

rely

to

statement

a

pathologicalchanges

ridiculous
alone

can

author

men

the

at

pable
pal-

imagination."
vivid imagination

own

The

very

make

and

gross

vivid

a

into

views

the

vitalistsare

by

evidences
minds

that

nutritive

is too

phantoms

from

tissues

that

of
his

to

who

one
Any
disposed to

of inflammation

it is better

that

plead ignorance.

this

the

speak
retrograde metamorphosis

of

or

feel

must

which

man

and

believes.

vitalityof

ridicule
"A

caries.

terms

ridiculous

entertained
he

these

the

to

of

causes

believe

the

upon

of

away

dentine,

indeed

must

of

dentine, of retrograde metamorphosis

acquainted with the meaning of
with the
pass by such utterances
absurdity richly deserves."
of

149

lieving
be-

these
ical
Clinmany

living tissues,

are

communication

with

had
before
structure
pulp, even
any anatomical
been
discovered
to explain the clinical phenomena.
When
Mr. John
Tomes
published (1859) his discovery of the
the dental profession were
fibrils,
ready to accept the fact of their
of

nerves

dentine.

Mr.

oftice of

the

containing
pulji1

fibrils. He

at

It

tissue."
the

The

are

of

no

this

question

Nearly twenty

new

years

decide.

them

from
not

the
the

facts have

been

been

elapsed

in favor
before

of
any

this

sheath

terminate

be

in
owes

readily

of

is

they are
communicating
is,"that
in

the dentinal

dentine, but

carried

discovered

every

and

that

sensation

nutrition

a

dentine

cannot

assume

power

to

conclusion, but

has

to

the

facts stated

only

which

they

That

of

of

fibrillje of

white

in which

necessary

by

the

I think
fibrils,

of

allowing

conclusion

1859

to

means

also channels

correctness

the

no

to

manner

unable

subservient

are

Since

to

by

before

fibrils

The

presenc

is

nerves

they

doubt.

the fibrils consist

similar

matter

the presence

to

sensation."

that

of

am

its sensation

actual

says, "whether

semi-fluid

a

doubted.

partialexplanation of the sensitiveness
unable
to
was
explain fully the nature

a

Tomes

admits

nerves,

the

least

at

as

presence,

the

to

to

that

disprove

discovery pertaining
hypothesis.

new

further

discoveries

of

150

The

in relation

importance

of

Dr.

Living Matter

innumerable

net-work

is also

the basis

the

only

not

of

bodies

of

Prof.

the

but

livingmatter.

he

thought they

is

be

fibrils of

the

dentinal

fibrils."

the

fibrils,but
Three

to

show

with

the

theories

conveyed

of

the

the

these

hold

to

the

I will

second

father

own

and

honored.

the

the

with

of

merits

the

dentinal

the

settled
Sewill's

in

fibrils

That

papers.

living

or

Mr.

the

by

tact
con-

present the first

At

pulp.

tubes

vibrations

excited

were

cordance
ac-

ness
sensitive-

the

to

nerve

has

Sewill

"There

says:

the

demonstrated

to

are

completely

a

dental

still to

seems

tooth

is

activityand
by

science, as
will

the

further

importance

Boedecker

can

ever

reasons

of

cut, yet

topic, the

which

name

various
out

tTiis

on

published works,

and

a

Tomes,

C. S.

contributed

is not

author

more

one

author, Mr.

moment

before

to

trace

can

we

of

Third.

dentine

carried

ter
livingmat-

theory.

He

enamel

that

the

fibres and

protoi"lasmin the

pulp.

generallyaccepted.

researches

his

needed

and

is

the

of

quote only from

his

from

of

the

connection

regard

of
the

upon

and

in Mr.

in

presence

pressure

nerves

instrument

favorite
what

The

canaliculi

means

no

made

advocated

structure

theories
the

been

That

molecular

of
of

have

the

prove

character

true

question is by

the

First.

to

the

upon

bioplasm

the

discussion

for the

positiveassertions

Second.

matter.

held

that

dentine:

of

is

veiws

can

indirect

or

ing
liv-

enamel."

describe

thing;

dentine
The

with

the

We

same

not

though
Al-

pass.

of the

jjresent in

first to

direct

to

of

fibres

the

nerves

union

nerves.

introduced

topics are
different

and

fibres

substance

and

the

into

dentine

livingmatter.

direct

the

was

one

ultimate

of

"that

probably

were

of

cementum,

Tomes

the

These

the

in

extremely

an

the

lished.
pub-

contains

throughout the whole
in assuming that
justified

basis

dentine

says,

to

nerves

whole

the

also

dentinal

are

servation
obof

were

canaliculi

of

substance

we

net-work

pulp, of

Heitzmann

and

substance,

Enamel,"

exists

living matter

tlie

1878

Distribution

dental

the

delicate

a

the

are

basis
of

the

canaliculi

pierced by

matter

the

trace

and

There

living matter.

In

"The

to

thaf'each

off-shoots

cannot

of

relation

show

within

net-work

we

in

made.

were

Dentine, Cement

fibre of

a

Dentistry.

of

fibrils

Boedecker

observations

in its centre

which

the

to

in Human

These

delicate

Archives

be

of

pale

both
well

be

^fuUy

as

for

ing
suspectnutrition

observations
the

for

esteemed

for
of

versally
uni-

cement

are

stance
sub-

established."

which

Boedecker,
with

is, accepting as

tooth

human

"the

Again,

in every

appear

livingorganism

the

special tissues

the

correct

researches

of

nected
deserving of credence, conthough its
intimately,even

way
very

blood-vessels

For

extra-vascular.

are

151

Articles.

Original

and

nerves

nected
pulp in abundance; the dentine is organicallyconconnected
with the pulp by the dentinal fibrils;these are
with the soft cement
corpuscles,which again are brought by their
in the highly
similar bodies
relation
with
into intimate
processes
vascular
teum
pulp inside, and periosperiosteum. So that between
chain of livingplasm."
outside; there is a continuous
his '"^full
edge
knowlin regard to
Mr.
Sewill
is equally unfortunate

the

enter

of

tooth

enamel

histogenesisof

the

I will quote

"The

his words:

brieflydescribed

; and

dentine."

and

of

anatomy
must

we

tissues

the
shut

not

our

I have

ready
althe

to

eyes

light which has been also shed on the subject(inregard to possisues)
of nutritive changes and
pathological action in the tissibility
of the histogenesis
we
now
by the full knowledge which
possess
take
and dentine
the changes which
of enamel
place in
"

the tooth
We

know

now

its elements

which

by

germ,

is

enamel

that

converted

are

developed

sues.
tis-

into these

posed
pulj)comacter
epithelialchar-

from

a

entirelyof epithelialcells,and it retains its
formed
the
Once
throughout the process of its calcification.
connection."
all vascular
enamel
is cut off absolutelyfrom
Every assertion and every implicationin the above quotation is
The
rhetoric.
nothing of the
assumption, to
say
pure
nutritive
accurate
of
the
changes, the
tissues, the
anatomy
the
in regard to
he claims
development of
knowledge which
enamel
secretion

calcification

the

by

and

new

of

formation,

cells, instead

the

also

the retention

of
of

a

the

of
enamel; these
throughout the formation
points,or points settled in oppositionto his
(Magetot, Kolliker, Schwann, Huxley, Tomes, Heitzmann

character

I quote
before
"A

the
tooth

all

as

from

a

few

passages

a

read

paper

by

Brooklyn Dental Society,May, 1882.
is epithelialin its first stage of

other

horny

the

formation
this

theory

of
of

the

the

medullary

dental
enamel

reduction.

are

tissue and

epithelial
puted
dis-

are

assertions.
liams.)
Wil-

and

Heitzmann

Prof.

formation

teeth

The

formations.

epithelialinto
medullary) arise all other
"The

from

of

process

the

same

transformed

from

that

(the

tissues.
can

be

understood

only by

taining
sus-

Thk

152

Archives

Dentistry.

of

forms
is a puzzle,unless we
epithelial
find analogies in the developtake the ground of Darwin, that we
ment
of animals,
tind quite a number
of animals; we
of the organs
in their
which, instead of teeth, have horny epithelialformations
teeth

"Why

shouhl

This

oral cavities.

start

as

indicate

would

the teeth

that

originally start
development. From

in their lowest
stage of
epithelialforms
becomes
the epithelium,
a medullary tissue arises which
myxomatous
breaks
down
into
the
tissue
the
then
as
does,
medullary stage
pulp
enamel.
claims
that each
and
forms
the
Waldyer
again,
lastly
of
tissue, each
epithelialbody (all) is calcified (in the formation
as

enamel);

Kolliker

while

of the

epithelia.

truth

is that

the

from

medullary

believes
Neither

tissue

the

"

the

on

up

calcified

a

tion
secre-

is correct.

same

The

plan

as

dentine,

that

in

the

being

difference

only

is

mass

assertions

of these

is built

enamel

the

that

mer
for-

Dentine
is for a long time
in nature.
ej^ithelial
known
to be originated from
medullary elements."
life
In direct contradiction
of the opinions of Prof. Heitzmann,a
to
important additions
long microscopistand one who has made
tigator,
histologicalscience, Mr. Sewill who does not claim to be an investhe

is

start

and
ago,
has

gathers his belief from works written many
years
about
which
there
of
a
subject
complete knowledge
investigatorsand sets aside the
agreement
among

who

assumes

been

never

unanimous

decision

of

the

authorities

competent

more

the

on

points involved.
Four

in
is

a

devoted

are

pages

to

of his calcareous

general and

may

take

the

of

the

latest

and

greatest

themselves

is
in

an

injuriousaction
^'"Dentine
it be

the

injured part
to

which

it has

it inflames

that

true

inflammation,

definition, includes
We

we

know

inflame;
of
know

an

as

been

that
know

we

irritant

that

we

may

a

broken

like solid
drill

term

morbid

dentine
a

during

a

must,

of

nitrate
into

manifest
of the

every

of silver

or

author

of

injury

healthy

less
un-

"

to

Dr.

kind

to

lacerated

not

dentine

jury.
in-

does

cation
appli-

on

inflame
or

capable
in-

son's
Sander-

due

of dentine
does

ceeds:
pro-

I repeat, be

which, according

violently broken
exposed surface
hole

Our

form

every

action

is this:

It

consequences

exposed."

"

derson,
San-

Burdon

which

results

caries

mation
inflam-

particular.Here

of Dr.

immediate

the

about

authorities."

of those

aggregate

under
being perfectly2^cissive

of

not

definition

"We

"Inflammation

in

matter

specimen:
one

words

of

medley

a

and

expose

Original

153

Articles.

healtliydentine after excavating a carious cavity,and
a
mass,
forciblywedge on to that bare surface a foreign metallic
matory
inflamwill not manifest
and leave it there, and the dentine
filling,
Yet
maintain
that dentine
action of any kind.
by those who
a

of

surface

inflames
disease

irritation

the

slowly
to

during caries, we

dissolve

induce

instanced

the

of that

It is well

for facts.
the

to

hard
structure

last

can

quoted

held

in which

detected."

read
or

thus

lacerated

hole

manifest
It is

that

chalk

observation

the

either

livingmatter
"We

know

on

years

endure
A

little

his words

that

its connection

with
the
an

surface

by

if

it

what

structure

we

can

well

as

is

drill

may

carious

cavity

bare?)
the

of

process

or

clinical

at

a

and

foreign

a

chalk

will not

such

reading

ical
clin-

or

in

conclusions

gard
re-

facts.

his "belief"

that

dentine

contains
and

attendants, pabulum

no

formed

follows:

piece of skin, fat, or muscle be severed from
the livingbody it will speedily undergo decomposition;

other

hand,

extracted

we

tooth

there

know

exposed
in

"

leading on to caries
follow
enlargment

culi"; just the

careous
cal-

homogenous

kind.

appreciable change
following he says: "In bone,
then

of anatomy

a

without

inflammation

statement

might

that

there, and

arrived

as

a

sentence

(what

has

its necessary

and

the

The

other

or

excavating a

of any

author

of

know

we

leave

still further

material, I quote

of

bare

his anatomical

illustrate

To

after

filling,and

have

(calcareousmass) violentlybroken

inflame, and

inflammatory action
impossible to conceive

to

consists

know

a

to

applied to

views

wrong

of cellular

trace

healthy chalk
forciblywedge on to that
mass,

"dentine

supposition

not

when

possible.

the

this

does

injuriesI

misnomer

a

explained by
no

enough

tissue, is able

severe

parts renders

into

metallic

be

Upon
We

"

be

only

matrix
be

understood

Sewill,viz: that

Mr.

by

We

of the

more

this

depends upon what is the correct
not
are
contending for words, but
that the word
signifieswhen
plied
apwhich
the
pathological conditions

tissues,those

anatomical

the

of

in

produce."

to

in dentine

term.

that

barely powerful

the

inflammation

term

believe

to

constituents

which

process

pathologicalchanges
definition

earthy

quite powerless

are

WhetliCr

acid,

weak

the

out

morbid

a

of

asked

are

appearances

to

the
a

is

limit

no

the

observed

by
disappearance
by

Dr.

and

Abbott,

ber
num-

may

dentine."

homologous,

most

is manifested
and

the

atmosphere

enamel

tissue

to

increased
of

the

cularity,
vas-

canali-

supported by

The

154

Heitzmann

Prof.
of

Archives

and

Dr.

Dentistry.

of

Boedecker,

present in the canaliculi

be

to

dentine.
That

the

is

bone

admits.

author
the

to

vital

a

tissue

Will

atmosphere
in both

matter

liable

and
inform

he

us

how

many

The

fact is

endure?

may

and

teeth

bone

do

exposed to the atmosphere, only, to
dentine
than
a higher magnifying
power
is required.
in

finds

author

dentine, in

in both

the

acted

caries?
author's

31

page

of

vitalityit

possesses

from

the

mass,"

pie|^ of

chalk

!

a

"impressiHwsts"but
atmosphere of modern
to

The
of

review

dentine

have

we

know

brings us

to

The

"who

taken

author's

our

conviction

stand

of

that

he

is

kind

any

in

case

of
what

the
low

"calcareous

a

!

Given

not

illuminated

in the

views

same

difference

derives

vitalityof
knowledge I

only to those
thought."
the

is the

is the

as

glass
eye-

vital reactioK

no

tissue

agents,

Wonderful

of

twelve

process

that dentine

pulp."

posed
ex-

genous
nitro-

following contradiction

the

"We

is

dead

chemical

the

observable

any

living and

find

we

statement.

own

Is there

teeth.

irresistible

by

upon

On

dead

there

carious

the

that

number

a

that

fact that

destruction

the

when

evidence

assumed

living and

between

another

bone

years

undergo decomposition
observe
the
change in

when

Our

inflammatory changes

to

of the
without

anatomy
evidence

pathology of these tissues will now
be noticed.
Pathology being only perverted physiology,they both
stand
of
fall together. In the
under
review
the causes
or
papers
caries are
considered
in two
classes,the exciting and the predisposing.
to

support his teachings. The

recognizes acids of various kinds
acids are
the most
as
important agents in producing caries. "These
ical
mainly generated in the system, principallyin the mouth, by chemaction.
and
thing
Micro-organisms may,
probably do, have someUnder

to

within

do

the

in the

the

tooth

first head

formation
after

he

of

these

chemical

acids, both

intrinsic

agents and

mouth

and

defects

have

in the

The
predisposing
through the enamel.
causes
first,structural
imperfections of the tissues; second,
are,
crowding and irregularityof the teeth; third, vitiation of the oral

permitted

their

secretions."

entrance

Given

caries

shows

is not

perfect and

Here
Those

our

itself

author

relatingto

these

"and

in every
whose
comes

the

we

account

individual

Avhose

general health is
in sight of the

vital conditions

fully for

of

not

dental
at

the

the

development
highest level."

foundation
the

fact, that

formative

causes,

organs

viz.:
of

156

The

external."
that

He

they

bring

in

This

before

their

or

not

were

the

nutrition.

anatomy

at

the

and

the

This

is

is

not

of

aware

old

almost
of

teeth

the

had

is

teach

irritated

withdrawn,

be

it much

of

and

little,in

or

caries.

Also

that

recent

any

interna.

works

obsolete

clearlymade
though these
author

the

bably
pro-

livingmatter

conservative

favor

to

nonsense."

caries

been

that when

much

enough

within
living matter
compositi
deagainst chemical

the

element

conservative

a

organic matter;
destroyed just so

and

that

teeth, and

and

theory of
exclusivelyto

who
vitalists,

enamel

agents

of

"vagueness

he

says

of the
is

of

charge

support the

to

character

physiology properly understood.
(Just as
the present time
being developed.) Our

means

dentine

the

is confined

says

vital

constant

himself

enough

he

view

composed
out

Sewill

bold

of

him

upon

Besides, Mr.
author

need

Dentistky.

of

the

recognizes

are

down

Archives

of

the

influence

advancing

this conservative

force

is

nal
exter-

is sufficient

for the

preservation of the life and health of the tissues when not
attacked
This is
and
by special chemical
micro-organic agents.
the dreadful
heresy Mr. Sewill is so ardently combatting.
Let it be granted that the three writers
ill,
first quoted by Mr. Sewwhom
he calls "impressi'"tists,"
pothese
presented their views as hywithout
is
it
what
demonstrable
not
claiming any
proof,
all writers
have
done
who
have
speculated upon this subject, so
difticult of
these

demonstration?

having

papers,

prating about

the

devoted

influence

of

causes

It is
about
of

be

his and

not

shown
In
he

caries,beginning in

of

what
Prof.

regard

says

bases
the

by

said

to

views

instruction
in his views

the

whole

is his is not

Henry
the

"is beneath

his

a

dozen

shed

the

Sewill
to

pages

constitutional

acknowledged ignorance, having
established
a singlefact which
can
it may

Mr.

just what

and

a

done

in

prattlingand

hereditarypredisposing

darkness

not

has

and

single ray

ending
of light

in
or

In truth
enlighten the student.
book
that "what
good there is in it is
good," closingwith bad chemistry as

Leffmann.

last
serious

author

whom

Mr.

Sewill

quotes and

criticism," it is noticeable

that he

who
alone

patient and persevering investigation,under
of an
ed
expert in microscopy, and that he is supportThe
and Dr. Boedecker.
by Prof. Heitzmann
points
upon

dentine
of the fibrils when
the appearance
investigation were
was
undergoing disintegrationby caries.
in bone
Dr. Abbott
observed
resembling those
appearances
when
undergoing inflammation, viz: "swelling of the living matof

Original

ter, dissolution

1000

Williams

Dr.

under
a
bringing to view
diameters
the
1500
to
embryonal elements.
is formed
enamel
and
the
by a secretion

of basis

of from

power

157

Articles.

thinks

and

substance

by the ameloblasts, and that
entirelydissappear. If this is so Dr.
mistaken
in thinking they were
brought

the

formation

new

been

noticed

he
is

there
E.

"that

1863,
is

there

changes in dental

caries

bone."

"the

He

the

difference

contained
cells

observed

remarks

the

varicose

marked

and

the

pearances
ap-

proportion as
and

appearance

the
correspondence between
phenomena presented in caries of
is purely formal, depending
on
upforms

the

of

the

cellular

respectively,the
elongated dental fibres on

of the

dentinal

elements

roundish
the

bone

other.

He

fibres

only in one instance
the deposit of calcarto
eous
inflammatory process,
a

latter is referable

the

that

in

tissues

of the

calcification

a

the

distinction

side, and

one

noticed

a

between

in each

on

and

says

dentine

These

in each.

about

considered

and

have

mnst

view.

enamel

in both

living matter

Neumann

Abbott
to

ments
ele-

embryonal

expiration of an
particlesat the
in bone.
which
is observed
phenomenon
of
the
dentinal
Hertz, 1866
pathologicar'.jConditions
says, in
fibres,"they appear swollen, cloudy, homogeneous, repletewith fat
granules and
Mr.

John

in certain

take
Tomes

salts."

calcareous

up

speaks

of

the

stages of the disease.

of

enlargement
Underwood

and

dentinal

tubes

scribe
Milles, 1881, de-

the
that

enlargement and commingling of the tubes, and
caries they are
invariablyfilled with micro-organisms.

in

Miller

this

confirms

explanation of

these

views
conflicting
be taken

better

but time
difficult,

is not

statements

the

Milles.

though

not

and

space

show

the

The

necessarily

need

not

and

presented

are

also in consequence

specimens, and

eye

Dr.

Abbott,

the

world

and

the
no

to

gradual

now

ing
unfold-

and
points of anatomy
physiology
microscopes, and by improvements in the

better

the

here

minute

more

of

or

different

somewhat

and

Dr.

for this purpose.

These
of

of Underwood

statement

state

mind

to

see

doubt, after

his best

refutation

has

freelygiven

and

carpings

of

efforts,is
of

the

the

interpret the revelations
having labored
earnestly and
w^illingpatiently

to

of

correctness

of

the

dental

"non-investigator" will

await

the

affect

made.

given

which
The

only

of

tion
verifica-

observations
science.

aration
prep-

training

and

for advancement
a

of

under

the

he

sneers

good

The

158

of

ears

that

in

he

might

and

Neumann

Tomes,

such

the

prehistoricanatomy,
his

of

favorite

own

style,

the

added

the

the

as

be

may

had

wonder

a

appears

without

in

Strongly
is the

papers

and

Dr.

others.

England
have

to

"a

of

when

the

he

members

listen

in

protest

the

the

by
responding
cor-

and

at

any

into

take

of

in

regard

terms

"impres-

wi'ong

premises,
spirit,to

valuable

science

to

into

these

and

it

account

Odontological

unequivocal

count
ac-

their

papers,

perverse

offensive

such

to

upon

the

both

up

claims

he

take

of

from

misrepresentations

anything
we

been

common

we

those

tone,

Odon-

writings

Sewill's

based

abscence

desirable

Society

extravagant
such

against

terms

nonsense."

solemn

and

that

Mr.

of

as

sneering
labor;

own

patience

the

language,

mann

his

of

result

well

as

conclusions

the
which

When
of

John

larger production

investigators, the

authors

erroneous

all

at

much

a

features

by

sisftists,"the
arrogant

been

of

and

wild

positive knowledge

yet unsettled

matters

to

been

which

the

kept

members

have

in America."

distinguishing

the

of

of

the

writing

with

have

hitherto

Nor

has

literary dross

of

kind

this

caricatures

been

stigmatized

There

Society.

in the

time

these

has

in

opinions

behalf

on

ry
necessa-

against

particularly

more

achievements

I have

as

and

registered
of

forth

put

observations,

and

discussion.

of the

tone
utterances

observations

Society

scientific

the

of

value

the

the

some

the

reputation of

"The

the

upon

is

anywhere

Abbott's

be

"It

says:

nonsense

Hertz)

tological Society where
time
to time
paraded.

it be

May

grate harshly

be

Dr.

protest should

forcible

that

associated

have

readers.

summary,

terms

solemn

speech (referringto

or

shall

critical

his

such

candid

brotherhood,

unequivocal
of

of

papers

scientific

discussion

solemn

such

in

protest

a

other

closing

in

Sewill,

Mr.

estimation

world's

the

Dentistry.

of

in the

before

time

long

a

latter

the

of

name

Archives

let

greatly

and

with

contrast

candid

by

Opinions

have

Germany

as

facilitated

into
the

such
been

well

every

study

the

spiritof

authors

as

C.

as

America
and

dental

corner

that
of

Mr.

of

researches

expressed by

nook
of

and

tone

of

recognition

Boedecker

daylight

the

S.

"these
dental

pathology."

Prof.

Tomes,

men

Sewill's

of

Heitz-

E.

Klein
in

science
researches
science

and

Okiginal

CONGRESS.

MEDICAL

We

Section

through

Dental

Chicago

the
a

informed

are

M.

RICHARDSON,

JOSEPH

and

Oral

on

Medical

Congress

of

that, "With

have

made

of

That

history.
served

and

to

regular

to

its

the

not

be

equity,in

its

obedience

to

the

of
a

Oral

Dental

and

the protest

when

force

exposed

to

would

work

of

a

relation

admission

there

are

demand.

general

interests

simple personal claims,

pies,
occu-

of
the

Surgery,

It has
of

a

hardship to
eminently

there

not,

Congress
Its

cording
ac-

tTiat

enforcement

principleof
ignored in
held, in high

been

been

professionalnature

just,must

however

so

abstract

an

light of

the

underlying^is

Medical

the

claims, has

individual

to

paramount

some

to

where

instance

who

believe, be

will, we

merely personal nature?

first

sets

men

very

professionthey have
hardly be gainsayed,but are

will

of

circular

attendance."

from

of

members

all those

which

ington
Wash-

possibilityeven,
recognitionby

the

claim

to

requirement spoken

condition

places,that

national
Inter-

the

city of

distinguishedprecedent, considerations

stipulated
would

of

adorned

to

override

devoted

undeniably true,

much
the

worthy

many

of

proud position it

to

position

debarred

be

lose

to

contributed

section

a

of

dentistry the

largely
profession in a

all this is

found

with

limited

will be

enforced, many

American

themselves

While

formation

the

against this requirement, the

have

establishment
would

auspices of

the

in the

meet

section

such

this rule

for

placing our

will

which

to

protest

forth

who

under

issued

IND.

HAUTE,

medicine.

In the way

and

TERRE

S.,

D.

of
Society that, in the event
Dental
Surgery ,in connection

in 1887, admission

graduates in

D.

D.,

circular

a

NATIONAL
INTER-

THE

IN

REPRESENTATION

CONCERNING

BY

159

Articles.

to

be

sometimes

subordinated.
This

was

the

logic of

the

when, after full and
resolution,that
of

merit

alone

Admission

no

was

of

deliberate

the

American

consideration,

Dental
it

college conferring its degree
in
have
a
faculty representation
denied
avowedly on
solelyand

dental

could

action

ciation
Asso-

enacted, by
on

the
the

the

score

tion.
Associa-

ground

with the just
in harmony
not
policyof these schools was
demands
of the profession for higher attainments; that it antagonized
of qualification;
its best
interests
by lowering the standard
and
and that,therefore, as a matter
vitallyaffectingthe character
that

the

160

The

Auchives

Dentistry.

of

in vindicating
felt justified
profession,the Association
its concern
for a
cluding
by ex"higher professional education"
its
did not
conform
from
those
who
its membership
to

interests

of

the

standard.
No

active and
more
perhaps, was
of this disqualifyingresolution

one,

enactment

whose
the

of

the

attached

are

than

of

one

the

circular,and who,

the

the

promoting

men
gentle-

chairman

as

it in his report

the

to

sociation
As-

men"
in
of the very
of its adoption, "many
By reason
American
tistry
Denmade
for
have
language of the circular, "who
ance"
attend"debarred
from
the proud position it occupies" were

Now,

the

make

to

applicationof

some

leave

Association

are

we

to

their

concerned,

and

fellowship in

was

made

their

ourself

far

least

at

the

to

in

case

members

the

as

while

cannot,

of

resolution

that

mains
re-

contemplate with satisfaction the
attitude
of suppliantsat the door
Congress, asking for recognition

contravention

direct

reflections

these

to

Medical

of

closing their

pretext for

a

we

in the

posing

International

the

that, so

say

operative,bring
spectacleof

Association.

of the

meetings

beg

hand,

of

to

committee, embodied

educational

on

tae

names

in

earnest

the

of

against certain

doors

own

principle that

very

household.

own

It is not

for

concerned

moment

be

to

less tenacious

or

than

a

Dental

the

that

presumed

afi:"ectsits status

what

about

profession.

Medical

the

At

the

ests
its inter-

or

dental

best, the

very

is less

gree,
de-

in our
expression of the highest attainments
fession,
proTo
medical
culture.
is but
of
a
grant,
badge
partial
this
limited
such
distinction,equal proas
therefore, to
enjoy only
fessional
medical
the
fellowship and equal privilegeswould, from
of professional requirethe standard
ments,
standpoint, not
only lower
which

is

an

it would

but

be

an

against recognized medical
in respect of the complete
To

degree.

sense

proper

any
would

be

for

by

resolution
basis

of

then,

we

not

confer

a

the
to

virtual
American
which

exclusion

ask, how

provided

with

of

abandonment
Dental
we

from
can

the

have

in

referred, and
In

member

of

the

not, in

are

educated

very

Association

membership.
any

the

medical

in the

dentists, who

on

plane

common

implied

phrase, medically

the

a

occupy

culture

distinction

such

of

medical

discrimination

offensive

unjust and
who
specialists

specialists,

ed
principle contendthe

which

this view
American

adoption
was

of

of the

made
the

the

matter,

Association,

requisitecredentials, consistentlyor

with

a

Original
solicit
self-respect,

proper

and

favor

that

in satisfaction

not

of

Articles,

161

could

which

be

granted only

rightfulclaim,

any

and

as

a

could

that

of humiliation.
some
measure
accepted without
In the adoption of the rule spoken of in the
circular,the InterNational
Medical
Congress virtually says to us, as a profession,
what
Dental
the American
Association, through its resolution,said
is open.
"Come
to the non-conforming schools:
up higher,the way
By this path only, leading in the direction of the best interests of
the profession,can
full recognitionand fellowship be reached."
be

not

The

circular

when

restrictive

the

complied

be

may

it has

"But

not

work
of

the medical

degree as

of

author

in

a

the

would

not

of the

schools

be

ILLINOIS

far

the

ber
mem-

resolution

manding
de-

distant

1885, and

held

at

purpose.

been

an

as

an

ucational
ed-

taken, and
legitimate

equal place in

SOCIETY.

of

the

Illinois

Peoria, Ills.,commencing

State

Dental

Tuesday, May 12,

continuing four days.

State
at 10

examination

be

rant
war-

such

upon

dentists,

DENTAL

Meeting

and

scope

will have

when

same

in

put the expressed

nnite

country

in advance

STATE

Twenty-first Annual

Societywill

Hotel

self-respect,

of matriculation

take
would
specialists,
recognized medical
unchallenged.
assemblage of medical men

The

the

bide

us

Let

the

it would

practicalshape by giving it

more

if ever,

time

The

Amen!

will find the

He

country.

other, while

the

for

as

the

policy,a long step

any

let

hope.

indispensablecondition

an

collegesof

this

When,

and

the

was

this

of

Congress

the

dental

for

the

fruition

the

Then

consistency and

pur

come

attendance
two
or
more
colleges enforced
upon
mendable
a condition
precedent of graduation,emphasize his comby supplementing
aspirationsfor a higher grade of attainments
with another
this resolution
demanding the possession of

as

"hope"

will for

a

committee, who

the

all the

meantime

Medical

circular.

the

soon

may

to individuals.

injustice

yet," says

time

the

International

the

without

in the

with

of

terms

with

that

hope

of

rule

come

time, preserve
and

the

expresses

Board
a.m.,
must

will occupy

of

Monday, May
present
until

will be

Examiners

Dental

11,

at

time

punctually.

themselves

Thursday, May
J. W.

which

at

the

National

candidates
The

for

tions
examina-

14.

Wassall,
103

Secretary,
State St.,Chicago.

162

The

Archives

Dentistry.

of

SOCIETIES.

DENTAL
.

VALLEY

CONNECTICUT

[concluded
Section

A.

E.

Dr.

Stebbins

read

KEPOET

Pursuant

to

the blanks
and

for
out

sent

179

Ans.

A

voted

900

A

How

years

necessitates

and

1; looks

for the

months
which

artificial dentures
whom

have

following
the

obtained:

are

averages

plate

were

responded, reporting

broke

or

injured?

was

broke

teeth

some

off?

came

or

Ans.

made?

plate was

plate; absorption of

gums

to

known

not

2;

unfortunate

plate

gum,

little

A

"

broken

the

seems

to

be

victim

of

"false
of

dentist

build

sore

of

prolificcause

most

I

teeth," and

glad

am

responsibility. If
be responsible for

great

a

they

sand

on

gum

3.

must

build

we

will

maintains

his

and

ruin, and
smiles
;

1

that

" (

and

even,

the
on

twelve

half

which

was

heart

patient
one

is

foundation
around

years,

expected
goes

kept

that

down

and

dentist,

half

years

to

to

and

provided
the
patient

his

in tact,

or

plate,over

beautiful
last
mad

till nature
wear

on

be
If

of

three

foundations

must

condition.

shaking

one

wearer's

and

structure

new

our

the

for six

teeth, so white
fortune

endures

a

and

years

the

absorb

or

changed

the

to

waste

that

integrity,so

dimishing gum,
to

much,

conform

courageously

goes

demoralize,

so

four

reports received, about

the

to

suflice to

which

If

of

meeting,
printed

foundations.

According

he

semi-annual

"

the

patients require us
the

last

of

new

this for it rids the

know

to

the

years.

a

new

3; misfit

Absorption of
trouble

at

44; absorption of
Absorption of gum
8; broken
plate 22; imagination 1; lost 3;

plate broken

mouth

five

a

Ans.

out?

worn

5.

before

before

What

SECTION

six years.

little less than

six years.

OF

before

worn,

years

many

the

worn

years

less than

or

them

follows:

as

dentists,nine

From

many

"

instructions

little less than

How
Ans.

CHAIRMAN

to

130.]

page

paper

obtaining records

many

"

a

OF

cases.

How

from

called.

then

5 was

ASSOCIATION.

DENTAL

out

a

set

life

the

a

of

time,

goes
runs

if

up.
full

thing

164

The

for

the

fee of

The

and

he

few

Does

careful

more

of

mending)

unhealthy gums.
or
thirtyyears.
and

Archives

metal

thinks

investigation of
and

age

this
of

sex

some

one

of

research

and

that

the

contribute

to

It is not
those

who

after

truth.

with

this

be

desired

the

collect

to

fifteen

from

further

suggestion for
important branch
have

patient

Will
authorized

our

been
to

me

follow

to

of

not

allow

you

gest
sugthis

up

vited
earnestlyin-

and

profession be courteously

to

designed

number

our

causes

a

the

considered, but left for fuller reports.
that

the air-chamber

plates reported lasted

this fact afford

not

In this report the

art?

that

Dentistry.

result.

these

facts

the

for

imformation

know

for
such
as
everything, but
deluded
Dentists
and patientshave
been

of

seeking

are

long enough

plate business.

cheap
the people

When

seek

obliged to

fields of

other

tooth

the

enlightened

are

will

jobber

be

labor.

Respectfully submitted,
E. A.

Stebbins,
Chairman.

Dr.

Hurless.

only
that

are

Bartholejnew.

platesis
after

the

teeth

motion

On

in my

of

of

for the

necessary

motion

and

the

the same,

it

be

ask

to

Dental

a
are

"

I would

patient to

short

so

many

inserted

too

voted

authorized

to

be
draw

soon

wait.

to

continue

to

Stebbins

Dr.

time

enough

fitting
mis-

this

appointed
the

on

vestigat
into

urer
Treas-

expense.

New

Atidres.

causes

plates are

was

that

that

is

year

like

without

go

the

to
a

Dental

Massachusetts

Society

England
investigation.
Discussion
again resumed.
Dr.

that

it

and

voted

was

a

and

year,

charge

On

great trouble

Maxfield

another
take

is closed.

judgment,

Dr.

quence,
conse-

mouth

extracted;

are

no

caused

One

"

of

by absorption. I thiuk,however
it produces an
equal
unby this,because

the

when

pressure

is

is caused

break

the

as

repairing plates

of

matter

all breaks

most

Dr.

This

"

co-operate with

to

ask

Dr.

plate a

year,

us

in

if he

Bartholemew

whole

Society

after

the

the

vises
adteeth

extracted.
Dr.

should
months.
dentists

BartJiolemeio.
have

not

I think
who

a

"

I

No,

permanent
that

put in

so

the
many

do

not

jjlatemade

great trouble

I

that.

mean

for
arises

ill-fitting
plates.

a

year

from
A

meant
or

they
eighteen

cheap
good fittingplate
so

many

Dental

Societies.

good price,and it should
will
a dentist
thing when
than ten dollars
charged more

is worth

a

165

be

asked.

go

about

for

a

I think

it is

temptible
con-

a

tists
saying if other denplate they are defrauding

their

patients.
In
this
Dr. Morgan.
so
are
highly educated,

State

"

others
does

and

do

that

are

Johns

a

of

consequence

This

law

riff-raffs from

and

State

neglect

we

other

able

are

take

to

protect

them

is about

the

to

regulating

this

legislaturethinks

they
law

any

frauds.

have

not

need

not

that

the

the

from

the

flooded

are

with

do

claiming

that

if

Stehbins.

Dr.
will
a

give

his

opinion

them

out

like

how

do

them

of

inquire

to

Dr.

their
my

the
do

tients
pa-

advice,
fit

not

Atkinson

will look

healthymouth

a

advise

night they

over

work.

advise

heed

not

cheap

if

when

as

he

there

is

plate worn.
the

by

^

Atkinson.

Dr.

Dr.

is
be

must

the

a

the

color

color

same

that

as

covered

that part of the mouth

of

not

covered,

then

the

mouth

healthy.

Hurless.

There

When

"

plate is

is considered

a

I would

"

of

the

do dental

states,

most

leave

they
morning.

in the

well

so, but

and

quacks

all

"

to

selves,
them-

that
only one now
practiceof dentistry,and in

professing to
Dr. Maxfield. I would
like to inquire how
many
their
to
I
at
wear
patients
plates
night.
always
not

people

of

care

There

"

continual

more

less

or

is

such

plate.
thing as a permanent
absorption going on under all plates,so there
platesthat do not fit,after having been worn
no

while.
Dr.

Bartholefmew.

Dr.

J. P. Parker.

of

T

"

"

advise

never

We

to

want

that

platesbe

at

worn

night.

that the American

remember

ple,
peo-

all

for so many
people,like to be humbugged, which accounts
quacks in our profession. It is my
opinion that every tissue of
the body needs
rest, consequently I tell my
patients that if they
their plates at night,they do it at
wear
their
risk.
The
own
more
the
a plate is worn
more
becomes; I
unhealthy the mouth
have

abolished

Voted

to

air-chambers
close

this

entirelyfrom

discussion

and

practice.

my

take

up

Dr.

Bartholemew's

paper
Dr.

S. E.

Davenj^ort.

for his excellent

"

paper,

as

I

want

the

to

paper

commend
gave

evidence

Dr.

Bartholemew
of

thought

and

thorough investigation.
Dr.

StocJcioell. Those
"

who

heard

Dr.

Bartholemew

read

his

166

The

will remember

paper
used

in the

changed
the

to

In my

and

the

and

have

the

the
Dr.

of

then

W.

Dr.

H.

it is

as

of

Dr.

it

have

Atkinson.

those

I

"

in which

one

who

For

mix

of

only

quantity

necessary.

his

its

find about

three

or

same

it,if

In

"

two

the

sips from

read

in

I put

dose

a

study in regard
hypodermic use?

one

where

case

it

was

successful.

not

was

he

minutes; I have

time.

then

once;

I

acid.

gallic acid

the

give

gallic acid

of

Bartholemew:
did

I

"

at

tannic

as

acid

conveyed

is

so

fifteen

every

occasional

ergot, what

Bartholemew.

used, and

be taken

asked

there
I

Gallic

limit.

acid, and

within

crystals

patient take

was

use

the

It is perfectly

right in this.

hemorrhage;

find it reliable

to

water,

Question
to

with

gallicacid,

of

use

without

tannic

hemorrhage stops usually

of

is

almost

into

the

on

its influence

exerts

teespoonful of

ounces

used

circulation

great faith in it and
one

be

trouble

any

he

judgment

can

parts and
have

never

and

Dentistry.

of

laid great stress

he

internally.
harmless

is

Archives

desire

I

have

am

to

say
much

very

interested.

there

this

on

In

ject,
sub-

the

marks
re-

much

ambiguity.
Fibrin
is said to be an
effete product, and
not
capable of
As
of gallicacid
to the change
being taken up into the system.
in the
sumption
system into tannic acid, it is a little bit bordering on asits influence
to
exerts
say it goes to the particularspot, and
there.
this

on

We

Arterial.

2.

Hemorrhage

neither

the

articles

divided

be

embryonal

in

knowledge

recent
can

too

was

tissue

the

journals
gained as to

under

in

the

three

heads:

that

gums

are

veins.

of
general filling

which
capillaries

the

allows

an

of

oozing

blood.
is

There
there

are

a

great deal
under

transudation

of

there

why
we

The

blood.

administer

want

blood
When

is the

the

There

is pus.
we

embryonal tissue in the gums,
nor
veins, but sinuses, and
capillaries

neither

immediately

it

the

capillariesnor

A

3.

from

latest

the

Hemorrhage

change.

1.

of

account

me,

the

study

must

subject on

molecular

preceded

words

few

a

cause

to

mucous

There
does

accomplish?
we

it?

are

in the

is

by

union

no

to

seem

be

internallyfor
What

is it that

controlled

get real
It

membrane

not

remedies

vessels

in which

of

angry

is because

by
we

one's

the

grow

these

mouth.

Pus

first intention

are

is

where
of

understanding
What
hemorrhage.
an

causes

the

vaso-motor

white

feelingsexert

the
an

is

hemorrhage
nervous

in

a

tem.
sys-

face, what
influence

?

on

Dental

these

causing them

nei-ves,

drive

all the

out

internal

clot, and
take
of

where
in your

socket

the

The

and

is, first

burr

it will be

around

arrested

do

little

a

to

so

stop

ister
admin-

we

wash

to

from; if it is

comes

and

engine

to

affect when

to

treatment

blood

the

want

we

want

we

and

closer

bloodvessels

the

this is what

nerves

remedies.

see

burr

a

Now

It is these

hemorrhage.

grip

to

blood.

167

Societies.

the

out

artery just

an

the

at

bottom
it is

When

immediately.

be
to
from, but seems
hemorrhage comes
coming from everywhere, then ergotine may be used, and it must
be given hypodermically, because
used it accomplishesits
when
so
action quicker than when
taken
into the stomach.
the
The
installed
for
then
ensuing
following officers were
known

not

where

the

year:
President.
First

Dr.

"

L. Parmele.

Geo.

Vice-President.

Dr.

"

Hartford, Conn.

of

S.

Springfield,

of

Bartholemew,

B.

Mass.
Second

Vice-President.

N.

J.

Dr.

"

Northampton,

Davenport,

Mass.

Secretary.

Dr.

"

Assistant

"

Executive
M.
It

Dr.

"

four
and

H.

Committee.

voted

was

that

Society

A.

Mass.

Stockwell, J. P. Parker, and

T.

C,

Drs.

Falls, Mass.

Turners

Nims,

J.

Jones, Northampton,

"

the

voted

years,
that

to

Executive

was

up
Drs.

invitation

an

and

summer,

It

W.

Dr.

Miller.

Dental

with

Maxfield, Holyoke, Mass.

A.

Secretary.

Treasurer.

H.

Geo.

hold

a

that

the

be

union

sent

meeting

to

with

in

us

for

arrangements

Massachusetts

the

the

Worcester
be

left

the

last

same

Committee.
that

to

transactions

the

and

the

including

the

present

Maxfield

and

Ross, Andres

of

act

society for
year,

be

published,

Committee

as

on

Publication.

This

Society held
A.

Dr.

W.

J. H.

its

regular monthly meeting February 3,

are

ident
Pres-

Harlan, in the chair.

Woolley

read

many

a

OP

ABSTRACT

There

SOCIETY.

DENTAL

CHICAGO

causes

paper
DR.

at

on

the

WOOLEY's
work

to

"First

Permanent

Molar."

PAPER.

produce

a

healthy, or

un

168

The

healthy condition
and
The

the

of

Dentistry.

of

under

teeth

consideration, such

live

we

in, and

the

of

manner

its

life of

inheritinga highly nervous
development
prevents a harmonious
Neglect upon the part of the parent

of the

part in the early destruction

these

of

extractions

3,000

first permanent

occuri-ed

practice. Many dentists
that the space gained by
About

overlook

these

belong

child

is

dentists

and

appear,

at

a

the

they

being
a

in

hospital

four

the

of

the

them

suppose

first set.
the

brought to
finding the

dentist

child

difticult to

tooth-ache.

of

account

on

others,have found

well

very

little difference

also that

the anterior

followed

a

It may
of

gained prevents

space

I, as

as

in

teeth

decay, but

it is

It is the
not

are

to

necessary

opinion of
caused

by

the

hurry through
often
imperfect

manage,

Dr.

remove

many
lack

room

have

found

there
the
these

was

room

extraction
teeth

expression

causes

and

of

enough
of

the
a

to

the

bring

the

depression in
the

the

voice.

remaining
this

some

teeth

the

cases,

ones;

Here

because

ties.
irregulari-

to

into

and

mouths,

position
The

a

substantiate

I
irregularities,

these

of

Quotations

jaw.
of

molar.
face

made

position.

correct

cases

models

decaying.

forwards.

introduced
in

fall

to

authorities,that irregularities

in

were

first permanent

also affects

to

of

this

measurement

them
the best

Dr.

by

teeth

in

of

Kingsley and Mr. Tomes
view.
In a majority of mouths

from

but

supporting

these

remove

the

there

teeth

of these

back,

move

from

teeth

removal

Arthur

to

these

the]|decayof

to

seldom

mistake

a

that

regard

quotation from

be

first

parents

operation,with the result that the operation is
and sometimes
a complete failure.
molar,it is claimed
By the extraction of the first permanent
will
be
teeth
room
gained for the bicuspids and canine
and

maining.
re-

ary
tempor-

inattention

the

back,

and

those

incisors

most
or

ity
major-

as

of

decay

central

when

cord
re-

short-lived

are

noticed, they

are

them

classes

prevents

of

tant
impor-

Tomes'

of

poorer

carelessness

By
if

me

molar.

an

fair test,

teeth

time

a

Mr.

one-third

these

shedding

teeth, or,

the

to

among

plays

teeth.

the

their removal

the

child, together

first permanent

dentist

to

seem

believe

still remain.

teeth

Many

of

molars

permanent

The

time

the

and

teeth,

not

the

organization, all combined,

of

of

does

molars,

extractions

of the

to

tary
heredi-

as

pre-natalinfluences.

age

with

Archives

that

without

extraction

loss of

individual

of
"

169

Societies.

Dental

private letter from Dr. G. V. Black he pays: "One point that
molar
first permanent
I have especiallyurged is the office of the
of the shedding
in holding the jaws in positionduring the process
1 deem
This
teeth.
of the temporary
point so often overlooked
the beginThese
teeth take their position before
ning
very important.
otherwise
is
and
while
the
of the shedding,
antagonization
broken
up they hold the jaws in positionand prevent any twisting
In

of

a

them

the

by

is v6ry

that

liable

to

temporal muscles,

and

masseter

if this support

occur

before

of them

one

any

powerful
the

twelfth

by the removal

is lost

have

molars

year

thing

a

tion.
posi-

into

come

of

to
kept until the child has arrived
retention."
would
be good for permanent
chances
its teens, their
He further
"my study of the comparative liabilityof the
says
teeth to decay at the different periods of life, shows
clearly that

If

the

first molars

are
a

oftener

better
the

than

second.

the

second

molar

and
first,

Many claim
Experience in

the

second.

oftener
difficult

more

treatment

in the

the

of

crowns

If the

these

teeth

temporary
with

be

teeth

then

dam

be

is occasioned
of

Great

the

In

the

mode

my

cavities

cement

over

are

of
the

few

years.

of

years,
care

as

always be used,

examined

more

file,and

if the

of

that
the

the

the

for the

deep

the

should

should

of

be

as

be

a

separated

surface

of

the

removed.

second

the

critically.
first permanent

the

mesial

should

tissue,

of

a

zealous

same

former

in

previouslyfollowed.

pulp, some

a

the

loss

that

the

in

result

third

and
of

the

traction
ex-

first.
is necessary

care

large cavities
from

by

first

the

number

with

superficially
decayed, the decay
tipping or lapping of the crowns

molars

for

the

latter is
The

are

saved.

coffer

of

safe-sided

a

same

contact

molar, the distal surface
therefrom

for

will last but

with

is in close

molar

they

treat."

these

can

teeth

posterior surface
position on

the

molar

taught me if they ai"e watched
others, they in all probabilitycan
In making an examinatien
the

after

years

the

chances

than

has

as

If both

on

to

of

three

or

teeth, but in after years

occurs

the first permanent
the

two

fifteen,the

Decay

much

is much

other

of

age

first

any

than

the

at

in the

than

less often

fair condition

be

attacked

are

eruption much
attacked

could

teeth

these

are

cements

floor of

last

few

years

sensitive,with
should
the

of

treatment

be

and
cavitj'"

these

has

been

teeth.

In

different

of
approximate exposure
used
for filling.Flow
after

hardening

fillthe

170

remainder

with

the

begins to wear
a portion of
with

or

whatever

I believe
metallic
In

the

teeth
used

three

cared

for; the

dentist

and

than
that

of

when

the tooth

caused

the

ment
ce-

move
trouble, re-

gold

combined

case.

thermal

when

changes

will

they

in the

teeth,particularly
studied

eruption,are

if

no

the

teeth.

these

verdict

When

tin and

to

other

their

universal

not

fill with
suited

are

after

years

has

susceptibleto

more

I believe

conclusion,
or

is best

harder.

tooth

and

cement

material

these

mixed

if the

away,

Dentistry.

of

material

same

are
fillings

first two

the

Archives

The

be,

it will

erly
prop-

the fault

of

saved.

nat

are

be

and

DISCUSSION.

Dr

Noyes. It seems
are
just,and that the
pleadings for their care

to

"

that

me

conclusions

the

first molars

of the

deserve

essayist

the

eminently
strong
and
ly
preservation which we have frequentin the
heard
of late.
They are, normally, the largest teeth
mouth, with the most
strongly developed roots.
perfectly and
They have the largestmasticating surfaces and stand in the places
where
the
of chewing is most
easilydone. It seems,
largestamount
intended
to be the most
therefore, that they were
important of the
molar

teeth.

The

question of
considered

should

not

and

them,"

and

others

it

will

usually be

can

molars

are

and

first molars

meeting each
cuspids begin

and

the

judgment
al
gener-

the

"if

or

teeth

purport.

from

their

at

are

always better to
If they cannot

is almost

same

the

is better
all

extract

be

served,
pre-

loss, and

equal
is delayed (as
be usually gained if their extraction
of them) till the bicuspids and second
by taking care
in their
mal
norplaces and have acquired their
less

articulation
the

them,"

quality it
to

merits,

its

fully
care-

a

remove

of poor

I believe

advantages

we

to

cases

upon

be

predispositionderived from the
sometimes
hear expressed,that, "it

warped by
which

in most

case

should

removal

preservationor

in each

be

statement

crowded

their

harm

will

Nature
fullyformed.
puts
places,strongly and fully developed, and

their roots

in their

result

become

squarely, before
loosen, and during

other
to

the
several

molars

temporary
years

they

and

furnish

the

only adequate support and resistance to the action of the powerful
tain
jaw muscles, permitting the bicuspids and second molars to atbefore
their proper
they are
length and perfect their roots
called

upon

this

to

time,

do
the

full work.
undue

force

If the

first

brought

to

molars
bear

are

upon

absent
half

ing
durgrown

172

The

lot, and

whole

the
the

Children

temporary.
this dread

is due

think

a

child.

Dr.

A.

of

of

result

of fourteen
the

inferior

caused

caused

I have

"

a

of

highly

and

regard to
the adjacent

dentists, and
I

painful operations.

in the

first permanent

in hand

pi-esent time

the

at

molars

solicitude,andis undoiabtedlythe

sixth

the

from

dread

cases

case

considerable

neglecting
years,

used

be

with

decay

contracts

great many

a

should

me

It is that

molars.

year

organization.

nervous

The

of

a

miss
of

crowns

left and

teeth

anterior

ten

offending sixth
as

to

the

I would

Pniyn.

Dr.

Allport.

"

In

"

Matteson, I will

assuming

of

say

that
to

well

that

as

they

come

lost in

been

occludingby ^^^of

it.

Have

like

to

extracted
hear

an

the

tions
sugges-

any

hear

Dr.

this

Allport answer

tion.
ques-

question propounded
by Dr.
order to answer
it intelligentlyit

the

to

answer

would

not

has

correctingthe irregularity.

like to

necessary

together,as

come

molars

method

articulation

]'aw,andare
preventing

molars, and

best

first be

in each

year
year

Dr.

would

molars, the proper

year

inch, the twelfth

But

particularly true

unnecessarilylong

to

Matteson.

twelfth

of the
the

is

cayed
demolars
were
superior right sixth year
to the margin of the gum,the pulps of both
were
hypertrophied
the cavityof decay. Owing to the pain
of nearly filling
extent
by masticating upon these during the time of the eruption

the

to

in

amalgam

E.

has

which

this

Dentistry.

of

molar, which

first permanent

don't

Archives

in

know

several
within

how
other

the

near

anterior

surrounding

just-^^ of

an

teeth

conditions.

in6h,

as

stated

mentioned
the
teeth
were
by Dr. Matteson, and that the molar
of the anterior
that
only cause
prevented a perfect occlusion
teeth, I think I might possibly cut off the grinding surfaces of the
without
molars
far as I could
as
endangering the vitalityof the
pulps,or until the anterior teeth came
nearly together. Then with
their
in
-these
teeth
move
wedges, I would
would
sockets
to excite
such a development of the jaw as
produce
occlusion
of the remaining teeth.
a perfect
In regard to the first permanent
teeth
the subject of the
molar
asked
I will say that if I were
to state what
one
thing in my
paper
enlightenedjudgment,
opinion in dental practicerequired the most
I should
circumstances, the propunhesitatinglyreply,under some
er

a

plate,or

with

"

"

treatment

That

of the

they should,

first permanent
if

possible,be

molars.
saved

when

the

retention

will

Societies.

Dental

the health

endanger

not

the other

teeth

sacrificed

so

does

long

the usefulness

or

is

a

for dental

the

is but

of

years

of my

usefulness

of

admit

of

should

be

a

and

as

An

organ

individual

of the

organs

a

doubt.

of the

general surgery

surgery

many

patientor impair the

the health

as

reasoning would

No

of the

of other

rule in

good

not

173

is not

endangered
impaired. This

economy
hold

should

not

in

good

dentistry,

part of

general surgery.
thoroughly convince me

observation

I

have

of
in

had,

this,as

have
the

examining

patientsas well as those of other dentists who
have
followed
in practice regarding the
widely different views
of these teeth, some
treatment
attempting to save nearlyall of them
and others
If the teeth
and
given largelyto extracting them.
and
jaws are harmoniously developed, the teeth all well formed
mouths

dense

in

own

structure,

the

extraction

of

these

be bad

practice;but unfortunatelythese
always exist,and our practiceshould be aimed
the existingconditions.
results possibleunder
To

that

say

teeth

these

should

always

teeth

would

conditions
to

tainly
cer-

do

not

the

secure

best

be

retained,if possible,as
assertion, for it will be

is a very broad
by the essayist,
the other
to
frequently found that greater injury will be caused
than the patientwould
teeth by their retention
suffer by the loss of
them.
So it is not alone the possibility
of saving the teeth that is
in determining what
should
be done
to be considered
with
them,
but the amount
of injury likelyto occur
their retention.
consequent
upon
''The greatest good to the greatest number," in this as in
other things,is a wise maxim
follow.
to
The
condition
of the surrounding teeth, as
I
have
previously
If the teeth are
soft and predisposed
said, is an important factor.
if in addition
to decay, and
to this they are
crowded, it is often
intimated

to

necessary

decay

has
or

remove

more

attacked
a

lack

these

of

less of the

or

locations.

cleanliness

these

and they have to
fillings
surface
is again cut
and
away
years old, less grinding surface
be
in
as
good a condition
at

There

the proper

is

no

use

of
practitioners
Dr.

Harlan.

pulps?

"

in

decay
be

the

will be

from

often

time

place

more

the

these

when

imperfect operations

takes

left and

through

surfaces

less

or

patientis
the

mouth

teeth

had

around
of
35

the
or

40

will not
been

tracted
ex-

time.

saying that

close observation
How

Then

removed;

by
as

proximate

about

these

this is not
knoxo
teeth

that
when

true,

for old and

it is

fact.

a

they

have

lost

good
their

174

Dr.

Allport.
"

Harlan, "How
I will say,
the

dental

and

some

Aechives

"With

regard

about

Dentistry.

of

teeth

last few

when

months

journals about
good things have been
retainingthem, and some

said

Whatever

all.

at

for whatever

by
canal

injury is done must
decomposition of

the

and

dentine, by

the

tissues.

This

said
other

be

the

to

or

produced

the

cementum

against
patients

within

of

the

erated
gen-

the

pulp

the

upon

apex

upon

not

the gases

pressure

at

better

young

upon

tissue
organic^

against the

said

been

regard

Jaws,"

the

had

things

consequent

the

in

for and

has

in

so

be

teeth

both

septicinfluence

may

posssibly through

or

"Dead

of truth

practicein general is eminently

the

by Dr.
question just asked
they have lost their piilps?"
have
we
a
seen
good deal in

the

to

medical

and

been

these

the

during

practiceof
have

The

the

rounding
sur-

root,

peri-cement-

al membrane.
The

the

younger

dentine, and

in the
will

gases

be

the

younger

formed

far towards

the

by

this direction

will not

An

alveolar

abscess

removal

of

such

these

these

teeth, and

extraction, seldom

alveolar

abscess.
diseases

the

teeth

form

of irritation

of

the

associated
arise

from

detection

and

careful
on

the

of the
older

of

of

the

keep
"

call

may

troubles, urged

At

within

irritation

as

has

in

as

in

the

for
a

inflammation

acute

the

teeth

cause

from

or

discussion

the

in

what

age

so

low

as

observation,
of

these

you

teeth,
of

our

extract

we

tions
condi-

reflex troubles

very

even

diflicult of

after
of the

cure

conditions

mouths

would

be

to

tubuli

nervous

these

times

proved by the
only suspected
of

in the

of reflex

many

in the

canal, or

root

source

if these

retention

them

the

escape

been

caused; and

subjectsby
Pruyn.

that

mentioned

teeth; and

quite likely to

mischief

ear

fruitful

most

state

extraction

we

and

skill

other

the

examination,

how
Dr.

with
a

neural

will go

trouble.

cause

arise from

generated

gases

dentine, is the

the

after

greatest

fects
ef-

journals,as the result of retaining
jaws,isnot altogetherimprobable,because the low
brane
so
frequently produced in the pericemental mem-

in the

these

filled,which

be

may

the

deleterious

for

sue
tis-

these

of

amount

conditions; but the

the

eye

Record.,and

Medical

by

the

of

roots

organic

decomposition, and

will it be

always prevent
is not the only

for their

The

of

certain

of

amount

greater

a

processes

more

It is true

preventing

greater the

consequently

subject the

follow.

to

the

subject

a

most

diseases

being the harbor
are
produced in
should

young
these

be

patients.
teeth?

tious
cau-

"

as

should, with

I

removal,

there

Unless

Allport.

Dr.

the

patient was

the

natural

175

Societies.

Dental

good

some

was

inexpensive fillingstry

fifteen

sixteen

or

and

the

until

teeth

earlier

them

keep

old, or

years

of
(inter-locking)

occlusion

for their

reason

til
un-

time

such

perfectly

was

established.
J. S. Marshall.

Dr.

in the

It

"

city in

same

privilegefor many years to practice
Dr.
Amos
that prince of dentists,

was

my

which

his

Westcott, spent the greater part of
that

it

his

was

practiceto

molars, rather

I

decay

extracted

a

"

that

side, while

had

been

and

second

who

had

not

the

or

dead

I would

course

judgment
as

under

been

the

must

future

eleventh

year,

pulps, and

taken
possibilities

the

molars
extracted

the

been

I have
teeth

no
are

Such
in

teeth, places them

consequently caries

is

of

care

of

have

a

less

present

conditions

their

under

better

condition

likely to

permanent

occur

to

be

upon

so.

Of

well
been

before

the

taken

the

loss has

certain

space

posed
ex-

has

and

soft,badly decayed and

gives

with

as

It

forward

come

by

circumstances;

removed

teeth, and

treatment

do

any

of the

tients
pa-

noted

other

all and

were

hesitation

of

extracting these

consideration.

teeth

arch, of extractingall four

prophylactic measure.

surfaces.

at

age;

observation, backed

habit

the

into

these

when

second

the

the

under

exercised, and

be

this

of

them

extract

not

neai'lyof
recognizable.

in the

of

years

badly decayed and associated
it good practiceto
consider

place very

viz.: when

ten

professional
in

now

am

very

experience that

my

the

consequence

a

if I find them

teeth

molars

the first permanent

about

that

many

in them.
approximal fillings
mouths
condition
of things in the

experience,I

own

wlien

moved.
re-

a

same

practitioners. As
my

side

great

a

was

all had

molars
seen

had

tooth

the

from

one

approximal

prevent

which

eleventh

the

singleapproximal cavity in the teeth of
molars
first permanent
the right side the
upon
1 found
the
to remain, and
bicuspids and first

allowed

I have

is

gentleman

left

had

he

twenty-seven

from

this

to

cases

many
arch

and

"

young

the

upon

the

of

illustrate

cited

be

in

was

side

the

upon
To

might

noticed

often

performed before

when

"

"

badly decayed first permanent
the pulps and perform extensive

extract

devitalize

to

operations upon them.
result of this practice

The
year

than

I observed

life,and
pi'ofessional

hardly

ces,
circumstanmuch

ed
crowd-

molars

for the

as

a

ing
remain-

kept clean, and
the
approximal

The

176

Dr.
and

Grouse.

do

are

mislead

are

no

how
last

to

treat

of

filling. He
a

of

the

(Dr. Marshall)

to

is

matching

if not

of

and

molar

allow

of

to

a

large

the

all

were

first molar

the

required constant
sufl"cient
proof of the

and

gone,

as

and

backward,
great

so

each

the

below, and

is left
a

to

side

teeth

with

portion

considerable

the

of

two

necks

the

many

and

above

tops of the

ond
sec-

destroying the

other, thus

the

the

extent,

an

here and
they only touched
mal-positionthus caused made
and
molar
second
bicuspid.

The

molar, the

year

masticating
great extent, destroyed.
bicuspid,not as urged by
that

lean

of

sixth

there

other

its socket

to

touch

instead

and

the

save

space

even

ap-

side

the
on

very

allowed

the tops to

into each

to

not

teeth

the

wholly,

first molar

the

points.

extreme

side

case

a

the

side

that

on

cites
that

states

other

that

on

early extraction

antagonism,

natural

and

the

on

teeth

molars.

teeth

the

essayist,"to go forward," but to
molar
to
pitch or lean forward

times, as

a

floor

if that

us

balance

the

were,

loss of

The

year

extracted

principles
helping us

in

sixth

of

the rest

all the

the

of

consequence

organs

been

established

guide

a

there

Why, I could
practiceof extracting this tooth.
in
own
obsei'vation,where
cases
coming under
my

hundred

usefulness

had

as

think

to

are

act

spoken who
a
tendency

the

of

soundness

the

asks

then

the

while
filling,

and

There

should

on

gentleman

let remain

cite

on

them

cause

dentistry.

even

first molar

the

in

facts which

are

proximal surfaces
sound
requiring no
was

this

subject
For, in doing

speak

not

practitioners and

facts

there

decide

where

would

I

as

young

established

The

I

thought

now

the

and
to

Dentistry.

of

ought to say anything.
who
have
take radical
ground against some
have
of reputation,and such differences
must

men

to

I had

"

know

not

I must

so

Archives

of

below

it next
With

the

on

to

possible
imfirst

the

teeth

touching,

both

teeth
it will

cementum,

posed
ex-

be

times, to prevent caries from going on in this
impossible, many
the useoften have
I seen
of filling. Too
fulness
pocket by any amount
of the teeth destroyed by the loss of the sixth year molar
in the

already described,

I have

manner

When

I have

seen

irreparableinjury done
a

dentist, and

the

extraction

then
of

see

the

boil,knowing that such
to

God's

destroy

or

the
in

handiwork

patientby
ray

sixth
advice

to

next

year
would

the

advocate
thus

hand

such

mutilated
of

what

journal somebody
molar, it has
cause

greatly injure

what

many

made
a

would,

was

a

tice.
prac-

and

an

called

advocating
my

young

blood

tioner
practi-

if otherwise

If I
them

We

been

the

when

etc.

Grant

does

do

will warrant
is

class of

a

of

the

the

has

there
and

are

I would

that

try and

them

keep

If I
this

subject,I
would

rule

say

never

far better

I should
I

did

the

extract

less,and

thank

has

been

advocated

should

the

tooth, as

God

for it!

a

universal

even

sixth

some

of

will
the

teeth, or

of

be
the

very
second

from
slow

the

by

remedy,

allow

a

in

plate to

be

It

occurs

to

me

here

night,
to-

be

tracted.
ex-

radical

ground he
honest
tioners
practi-

of

is

less

growing

Matteson.

I should
to

to

ulate.
artic-

if you

which

that

I

expect, if

for the teeth

worn

If

considerable

a

the others
striking,how soon
to grind off three-sixteenths
of

molars.

on

Such

molar

practicalway,

a

rule

considerable

year

Dr.

case,

perfectlynatural

this illustrated

see

part of the teeth
I should

It is

of

tagonism.
an-

molar.

any

general rule,

regard to the case
spoken
idea of
anything like the correct
patient is young, that time would
You

each

extract

would

their natural

what
to

If

these,

I

to.

year

this

deformity.

be

sixth

in

extent, the

cap

taken

glad to see the essayist take the
The
against extracting them.
proportion

Now
have

obliged

had

it almost

perfectly.

or

was

who
and

is

was

been

pulp has not
open, making

the

or

even

the

of

extract

than

seldom

say

where

any

lay

more

early age

very

down

viz.,to generallyextract,
number.

I

teeth

to

am

extract, it would

unless
other

a

work;

properly

would

cases

obliged

should

be

I

ditions
con-

condition.

I

which

its

end

that

in

at

such

pulp? Treat
properly,and I

roots

lost

tracted
ex-

injurious,

under

dead

to

be

in the roots

gases

them

been

them

until the

were

has

entire

the

fill

in these

not

from

pulp

very

a

fill the

come

where

cases

any

then

nearly completed
this early death

from

completely formed, so
impossible to

with

tooth

being
molar

year

told

been

have
should

and

molars

year

molar

tooth

however, in regard

cases,

root

year

the

sixth

the

will

injury

no

sixth

these

decomposition

other

any

calcification

end

the

a

with

doubt, that is,when

before

in

gases

extract

than

sixth

the

get rid of the gases,

and

There

the

injury;why
sooner

dead

tooth

a

in

gases

reputation,Dr. Allport,and

of

that

the

about

is

pulp

account

on

them

also

practitionerof

a

that

a

heard

have

from

in

perfect masticating apparatus.
keep the roots filled and keep
the other teeth keep their normal

complete and
do better, I prefer to
cannot
as
long as possible to make
position.

treated, have

177

Societies.

Dental

will
an

will

will

keep
elongate.

inch

anything

from
like

178

The

that

proportion of grinding would
think

I don't

it could

wonders

work

to

reached
the

sixth

had

caused

sixth

that

and

with

them.

there

was

Trying
certain

a

in

fact,
time

expect

never

rushed

it

that

perform
regard

to

them

the

of

teeth, it

the

was

should

get

his

should

that

ried,
mar-

without
teeth.

teeth, what

do

to

life.

If

understand

family physicians. Ignorance

parents might be excused, but
could

attending the

shortened

community

out
with-

temporary

these

had

serious

a

ceremony

the

It

one.

was

and

the

regards

parentage

couple

no

As

life,knowledge

into

entailed

last been

at

seen

thought

of his life about

physician'spart

the

on

with

save

class

the part of

on

to

these

of

condition

should

day

puzzled every

was

couples

posted

were

had

he

consequences

minister

no

be

maintained

He

they

seeing that

the

of

should

civilization,
parentage,

married

molar.

year

that

trouble, and

modern

idea

least

the

wished

he

practice. Young

and

the

there

npon

tooth;

delighted that a subject had
was
a
similarityof views.

unlimited

him

much

case.

was

molar

year

commentary

He

in that

which

on

Dentistry.

of

destroy too
done.
I
successfully

be

Nichols

W.

G.

Dr.

Archines

of knowledge

Nineteen

be.

never

lack

a

of

out

graduates of medical colleges knoio nothing about the
sixth year molar.
Physicians should be able, and taught to consider
it their duty,to inform
parents of the possibledecay of these
teeth, and it should be the duty of collegefaculties to see that no
one
graduates who is in ignorance about the sixth year molar.
twenty

every

one

to

extraction

question of

The

to
save

decide, but
the

last

the

one

he

longer

of

retention

or

them,

lived

but the

of such

the
last

teeth

he

more

he

one

was

would
would

a

hard

endeavor

extract, if

necessary.
If we
imbue
closing the discussion, said:
our
the
of
necessity
preserving these teeth, speak to
patients with
their co-operationin our
and secure
them
intelligently,
labors,we
shall accomplish better results.
the societyadjourned.
On motion
JDr.

Woolley

in

DINNER

ANNUAL

OF

THE

ICAL
The

Dinner

Annual

partaken of

at

evening, February 18,
and the

menu

1885.

comprised

seven

YORK

ODONTOLOG

SOCIETY.

for 1885

Martinelli's

NEW

of

Fifth
Plates
courses

the

above

Avenue

named

Hotel,
laid for

were

of

the

on

over

choicest

Society was
Wednesday
a

hundred,
viands,

in-

180

The

spects identical,as
into

a

number

He

present for various
"dared

he

not

of

been

letters

oped
devel-

get along well

to

telegrams

from

quite

unable

were

be

to

that
assigningas a reason
in the neighborhood of Mrs.
D.udley's
telegrams from Drs. Swasey and Koch,

Tbe

the

had

absentee

one

himself

letter from

and

he

as

able

invited, but

Hunt, of Iowa, created

Chicago, and

humorous

been

reasons,

trust

read

had

promiscuous pistol."
of

then

who

those

kickers, and

were

himself, he had

mugwump

of

Dentistry.

of

both

they

his committee.

with
a

Archives

witty Field,

much
of

and

amusement,

the

Detroit, provoked

roars

laughter.
The

first toast

Medicine

and

of

the

the Arts"

evening

"Dentistry,

"

science

a

born

of

standing, and Dr. J. Smith
introduced
The Doctor
to respond.
York, was
Dodge, Jr.,of New
made
a lengthy, but extremely logicaland
eloquent speech,defining
of dentistry,evoking most
the true status
hearty applause from his
He
other things,that dentistry is historically,
hearers.
said, among
and practicallya part of the general science of medicine,
pathologically
though
The
a

people do
gives him the

law

holes

work

more

by

shaves

do
the

fillthem

to

like
to

some

and

and

a

no

title of

to

seem

up;

think

than

beard.

The

how

all the

dentist
chisel

man

Doctor

who
then

cuts

gave

an

place the
after

has
and

He

anything else.

the

to

"Doctor," but

bore, and

to

carpenter than
more

quite know

not

man}^

nondescript. They

dig

drunk

was

"

to

tist.
den-

all he
do

hammer,

is

is

to

and

is also considered
combs

and

amusing

the
and

hair
ical
satir-

hard
descriptionof the genus "tooth carpenter,"saying it was
for some
people to distinguishhim from the dentist, and that he
himself.
This genus, which
the difference
thought he hardly knew
The
was
good enough in its time, is happily becoming extinct.
tus
stated that dentistrywas
for Herodonot
Doctor
historically
new,
mentioned

had

that there

were

doctors

for the

teeth

in ancient

dentists
time had gone
could be
said
The
to
by when
Egypt.
struggle for position. Dentistry is a part of the great science of
be separated from the general
medicine, and physiologicallycannot
In the teeth nature
had operated by strange
of surgery.
domain
dentist holds
methods.
The
in his keeping the gates
and unusual
this feature
Leave
of the whole
alimentary tract.
out, and there is
a

gap

learned

in

physiology
when

in their
is the

which

it is under

fill. A
nothing else can
the guidance of skillful and

work, high in their

present attitude

of

profession is
able

men,

aims, rich in their results.

and
dentistry,

as

every

curate
ac-

Such

profession should

Dental,

be

its great

judged by

fingersallied
of

the

accomplishments,

with

dentist

the

was

He

head.
of

one

dentistry

so

closed

and

daily beneficence,

ai:)pro23riately
quote and apply to himself
Roman, that in being a dentist he felt he was
city."
President

in behalf

of

probably

made

Dr.

introduced

medical

the

hear

to

is the

representing the

was

child

of

medicine.

first in his

experience with

equal terms.

Usually
wag

bar-room

He

the

dentist

all its native

wiuh

that

the best

reads

thus:

they can."

journalistwho were
The
professionof
if

peace

had

been

sound

to

they

would

had

the

said

had

to

the

of

mean

no

respond

to

had

Roosa

Dr.

blind

than

see

had

to

to

the

be

when
his

of

infirmaries

dental

any

felt he
in

jaw

shoot
way

would

bear

the
had

right to
been

and

this

of
and

to

philanthropy, and
medical

science

in mind.

notice

they would
great victory

In fact

consult

the

the

renowned

the

York

with

whom

the

advise

are

towards

felt

sturdy effort
profession into the

medical

ver
Den-

a

fiddlers;they

he

peaceful one.

a

in

notice

a

the

his

parentlieti-

add

to

was

on

if familiar

said, as

He

thei*e

him

met

vice,but now

a

in time

the

was

dental

to

of

men

they

dates
put candi-

hands

of the

profession,it

he

hoped

and

the

soon

to

erection

see

of

by side with medical hospitalsin every city,
more
philanthropy should be made
pronounced. After
of his profession to
alludingjocosely to the recent attempt of one
instruct the dental profession,he
said
he
presumed after he sat
down
he should
brilliant things he might and ought
think of many
to
have
said, but he w^ould then be in the position of the western
hunter who
when
a visit to
on
Troy, on seeing one of those things
which
termed
called
is now
a
a
dandy, but which
years ago was

for dental

side

he

fightfor it,and at last a
medical
profession in New

allowed

direction

this occasion

that

the

was

him
is

advance

might

in the

unification

dental

that

distinguished lawyer

established

Another

If he
be

felt he

speaking for the medical
istry
mother
of dentistryfor dent-

"Don't

"

follow

in the

for admission
state.

task

saying

Roosa,

viciousness.

This

medicine

and

won,

mind

pleased.

the

in

dentist

the

dentist, and he hoped the

have

the

he

"a citizen of

said

more

by personal evidence, but recovered
cally,"so he had been informed," that
doing

said

that

St. John

and

City.
began by claiming that

Roosa

could

of

York

professionhe

jaw

Dr.

profession,and

deaf

more

in New

man

then

that

by claiming

could

The

mated,
be esti-

must

mechanics, but by the work

by that of headless

not

181

Societies.

182

The

Archives

dude, exclaimed, "what

Dentistry.

of

lots of game

feller

a

when

sees

ain't got

he

gun."

no

President

The
who

announced

known

was

have

expected to
(Some one at our
in

menu

to his

his

absence).

with

them

in their

of

great

or

to

law

owes

to

the

a

but

have

Dr.

soi'ry

for

He

of

the

Emperor

his

meals.

felt

those

what

in submission

could

be

not

them

be

might

said

it

that

like

the

to

depend

upon

of

all the

Russias,

Think

was

of

what
of

matter

a

that

popularly regarded
of their
work.
Probably

is

for

account

little to

very

times,have

we,at

cook

nine-tenths

the

clergy he
practitionerat

great deal

a

mittee
com-

for the

Crosby

but

say

some

submitted

the eminent

with

reward

This

perhaps

not

what

dentist.
not

dramshops,
the clergy.

he
as
speak for them officially,
fraternity. Perhaps he ought to speak
of us
to dentistry. We
so
none
are

law

his

upon

the

else's teeth.
bow

the

were

fact that

could

for

respond

not

was

respond
that

Bangs,

that great autocrat,

the

to

dentists

must

of

Even

he

sinful

important

so

be

He

more

depend

should

said

the

Crosby,

might possibly

could

N.

Howard
to

might

personally he could
clergy; not but that

the

relation

has

Francis

Bangs

of

dentist.

that

Mr.

Dr.

terror

a

to

present

Crosby

vindication.

the

city as

quietly remarked

Dr.

because

belonged

Rev.

an

As

Mr.

behalf

on

elbow

call upon

bar.

been

the

unguarded moment
inspectionand that that

man

the

the

throughout

was

would

that

regret
which

affection

all

were

the

of

aware

one
wearing some
dentistry accomplishes, and the law
all else.
Imagine a toothless judge

present

were

less
jury who have had to listen to two toothclients
and
at
once
can
lawyers employed by toothless
you
how
the law depends upon
the dentist.
Without
see
you, counsel
would
be silent,all jurieswould
sion
disagree and anarchy and confu-

barangueing

would
Dr.

did

Jarvis

not

with

and
the

Tribune,

know

what

he

made

his friend

only
better

to

When

than

the

the
his

about

the

a

if you

desired

dies

every

press

in

daily papers.
so

The

not
to

Reid

the

court

of

former

said

he

other

Mr.

day

fullyreported
how
his

reporters consider

they print the

the

rejoices.

one

tell them

know

of

in connection

newspaper

correctlyand

they were
day. He could

law, and

Mr.

journalism.

newspaper
about

Reid, editor

Whitelaw

for

that

next

knows, but

read

a

say

remarks

some

of

could

ocean.

Mr.

respond

to

he

will tell you

papers

to

ocean

introduced

next

dentistry.

Bangs

from

spread

York

New

toothless

a

and

much

wit
his
omit

you

law
had

jokes
the

in

as

lat-

said there

He

ter.

With

one.

theirs.

the

The

a

of

lives.

said

then

there

the

and

next

he

to-morrow

be

may

of

then

He

arts.

and

out

of

Egypt

he

found

there.

ascertain
those

oldest

a

went

the

purpose

a

office

in the

they

when

glad

him

is

who

a

day,

one

mid-ocean,

in

correspondent,

where,

not

said
dentist
as

soon

doctor

mouths

own

he

on

it had

always

to

out

get

his

of

his

been

of
tom
cus-

orchestra

reference
possible. With
his left (Prof.Darby) had

could

there

mummies

thousand
there

whether

thinks

Rowe,

Fawcett

Geo.

several

not

to

dentists

were

have
in

thirty-two teeth

all their

had

mummies

him

gentleman
in Egypt

met

Mr.

examine

to

and

of
he

since

introduced

that

days,

all the

Br.

present

know

building as

their

from

of

the

He

ancient

state

very

hear

we

no-where-in-particular.Mr. Rowe
when
visitinga. performing

been

always

was

a fitting
dramatist; he [,is
representative

and

all the

was

long

not

reader, lecturer,actor

to

such

himself

trust

never

We

cosmopolitan tramp.

in London

chair

paid for

present had

an

which
T'WJtwie,

of the

single page

all of those

than

President

and

for

time

one

it

his..

to

sort

at

Though he would
advertising dentist, he was

in all their

came

he

seriously,said

But

journal$500
probably more
of

illegitimate
said he supposed they thought he might
in
Sheffield
and that they might have
he, the advertisingdentist had paid his

in his mind

Richmond

have

tistry
den-

journalism and

between

present might consider

those

smile

a

relation

one

feared

he

though

was

183

Societies.

Dental

in

cause
been, bea

perfect

preservation.

John
of

JB.

Jiich, of New

dentists

entertained

and

reminiscences

York,

of

the

called

was

the

company

upon
with

as

one

many

of the
esting
inter-

past of dentistry,contrastingthe days

idea or appliance,
new
kept to himself
every
in
vies with
the other
each
with
the
one
present day where
everything new, so that his fellows may profit
spreading broadcast
by it as well as himself.
Prof. Garretsoti,of Philadelphia, spoke briefly with reference
to the grand
opportunitiesfor labor in the field of dentistry,and
ist,
alluded
to his pride in the fact that he was
once
a
practicing dent-

when

dentist

every

which
need

for

callinghe

had

dentist

to

the

The

time

would

learned

when

defend

the

come

when

no
boy. There was
sion.
high position of his profesackowlit would
be generally
a

poor

edged.
Dr.

Barrett, editor

Independent Practitioner,felt complimented

184

Archives

The

Dentistry.

of

in

to
being called upon
speak for dental journalism. He took
with the literature
of the dental profespride in being connected
sion.
No professioncould be considered
ing
as
having a high standefficient literature.
Dental
unless it had
an
journalism of all
literature is dependent for its positionupon
the professionitself
for its support, not
in a financial
but in a literaryone.
sense

If dentists
Dr.

Atkinson

meeting
Dr.

A.

said

he

because

of

would

say

conscience

own

would

be

complete

that

all:

"Obey

to
at

dentistry,and

of
a

that he

word

It

decision

the

no

him.

friend

of

left medicine

ignosis. In
highest ambition.

merely

was

satisfied

which

from
the

was

tooth-carpentinghe

mere

found

better.

be

without

insinuation

the

it was

would
friend

the

as

inabilityin diagnosis.

had

dentistryhe

literature

our

accepted

when

its

more

introduced

was

dentists

of

dentistry,for

He

do

would

his
of

the

court

of

your

all hazards.

Dr.

Allport, of Chicago, said that after listeningto the previous
speakers he did'not feel competent to speak. Dr. A. then made
with regard to the International
Medical
statement
^
Congress of
D.'s are to be
IBS'?,taking the view that if dentists who are notM.
admitted
in the section on Oral and Dental
to membership
Surgery,
it would
the

be better

council

of

the

that

societies

section

should

should
invite

not
to

delegates but that

send

membership

such

tists
den-

be suitable members.
throughout the country as would
Dr.
Shepard^ of Boston, being called upon, said he had never
He
than
the present one.
enjoyed a dinner of this societymore
regrettedthat there had been no reference to that noble band who
for forty years have
contributed
it is today.
to make
dentistrywhat
He referred
connected
in dentistry those
to the educators
with our
In the speaking to-nightthe collegeshad
dental schools.
out
been represented and
not
the meeting would
be incomplete withreference
and their work, especiallyto those who
to them
some
"

labored

in this

in his

field,but

are

now

no

more.

Each

individual

who

tion
sphere does his duty to his patient does his part in the elevaof the professson and is to be congratulatedupon its standing.
Dr. Kingsley said
that
during the evening he had received a
and, though at first thought he was
impelled to read it,he
message
because
had not done
it would
do no good and send a chill upon
so
missed
here to-nightone
who
the meeting. He asked if any one
was
and who
with
last night,in good health and spirits,
them
to
was
have been here to-night to take a specialpart in the festivities of
whom
the hour
and respected.He regretted
one
they all honored
"

Dental

to

Dr.

that

announce

Societies.

Dwinelle

185

from

was,

learned,

ill.

alarmingly

Jarvis, the President, after speaking of the high regard in

Dr.
which

all held

they

sentiments
Dr.

soon

be

among

were

many

Dr.

them

of

of

Dwinelle, said

all when

Dwinelle

would

As

the

it would

whom

and

jovial one,

most

in

Odontological

be

hour

was

Society will
Officers

DENTAL

contribute

of

D.

M.

State

Iowa

the

first

the

on

the

to

SOCIETY.

Meeting

Moines

a

York

New

the

up,

been

in

Tuesday

Dental

May,

tinuing
con-

days.
President, S. A,

"

Rogers, Ottumwa;
H.

A.

L.

E.

Monfort, Fairfield; Treasurer,

B.

Executive

W.

G.

Committee,

Fuller, Des

E.

Bluffs, E.

Council

Woodbury,

Tipton; Vice.-Pres.,

Garber,

Secretary,J.

Kulp, Muscatine;

Moines,

had

A.

Annual

in Des

meet

four

occasion

no

STATE

Twenty-third

broke

meeting

the

would

he

from, he felt

hear

pleasure to

a

that

late,though there

so

society can
surpass
hospitalityor its abilityto

its

IOWA
The

and

ness
ill-

the

that

hope

its guests,

of

enjoyment

that

the

indulged

the

expressed

he

speedily disappear

again.

them

more

he

knew

he

And
thus
obliged to adjourn the meeting.
long after midnight, all agreeing that the

.1. S.

had

he

what

Des

Hughes,

Moines.
This

meeting
society. Every
will

be

hope
to

stay
A

and

every

other
has

make

be

to

of the best

one

dentist

in Iowa

realize

will

welcome
States.

is
Des

extended

a

pleasant as

NEBRASKA

Moines

is centrally

well

as

the

afford

cannot

Ninth

Annual

will meet
three

at

Meeting

Lincoln

days.

of

the

will

for the dentist.

Monfort,

Nebraska

F.

access,

Secretary.

SOCIETY.

Tuesday, May
W.

profession

attractions,which

many

DENTAL
of

the

located, easy of

profitablerecreation

STATE

.

session

he

that

members

to

J. B.

The

historyof

effort is

splendid hotels, together with

this

in the

home.

at

cordial

from

expected

which
to present a programme
being made
to
dentist, and we
interestingand instructive
every

both

that

is

State

12, 1885, and

Roseman,

Dental
continue

Secretary,

Fremont,

Nebraska.

ety
Sociin

The

186

THE
The

session

doubt

diseases

raised

of

the

information

MEDICAL

the

D.

Washington,

at

some

of

International

whether

CONGRESS.
Medical

C, in August

to

as

Dentistry.

of

INTERNATIONAL

next

held

Archives

would

the

the

Dudley,

International

section
to

M.

a

has

been

section

upon

Dear

Sir

Committee

The

"

C, Feb.

D.

13, 1885.

Organization

on

of

Medical

establish a
to
Congress have decided
and Oral Surgery, but the question of admitting
in this section,all dentists whether
they possess

Dental

of

be

be

following correspondence gives definite
point.

that

upon

A.

there

will

teeth, the

Washington,
Dr.

As

1887,

there

Congress

membership
of medicine, or not, has
degree of doctor
*
*
*
by the Committee.
Very respectfullyand sincerelyyours,
John

cussed
dis-

yet been

not

Billings,

S.

Secretary General.
The

"

State

Texas

Dental

Tuesday, May

will

Association
M.

H.

5.
^

in

convene

Hunter,

Cor.

Febritary

8,

veston,
Gal-

Sec.

""".""

CORRESPONDENCE.

Editor

Archives

dentist

for

a

Dental
The

1.

the

at

but
the

D.

second

General

out

by

on

Oral

to

a

neighboring

committee

a

of the

cago
Chi-

a

section

Medical

and

Dental

Congress

to

Surgery
held

be

at

C, in 1887; and,
of the restriction

who

enough

the

of

established

Congress excluding from

dentists

is well

sent

of the International

removal

of the
those

circular

a

indebted

am

Society urging

meeting
The

of

copy

establishment

Washington,
2.

of Dentistry: I

1885.

do not

and

the

is,in

Committee

hold

medical

writer

of

will be

slow

section,as from

degrees. The

grant.

The

all

others,

first proposition

decidedly in
improper request

to

mittee
Com-

the General

this is

opinion an

my

this

by

of

favor
and

one

it;
that

mittee
Chicago Com-

practitionersof dentistry recognized by
dental societies of this country ought to be eligibleto membership
admission
If membership in a dental society
to the Congress."
or
sion
of dentists entited to admisis to constitute
the number
eligibility
who
of persons
unlimited.
will be practically
Any number
themselves
dentists can
advertise
as
quickly organize a society and
suggest "That

all

188

The

any

disease,nor

him

to

taken

necrosis.

beyond
The

that

the

Neither

which

from

the

the

patient,in

restored

sequestrum

removed.

was

received

any

before

alluded

abscess

shows

by

caries

and

that

says
It is
J.

W.

"

sensation

now

L.

Pidgeon,

tion
perforaof

one

a

note

received

has

is

thirteen

to.

exostosis

slight
Carter

Mr.

To-day
he

predisposed
to the jaw

violence

extraction
alveolar

which

have

might

the

his chin.

to

that

rise to

1884.

3,

he

severe

pulp-chamber

December

root.

has

gave

Dentistry.

of

medicine

any

attending

tooth

of

Archives

nearly

months
D.

S.

pletely
com-

since

Eng.,

the

in Derir

tal Record.

The

Nutritive
to

in
Roussel
of

Value

knowledge

our
a

of

Foods.

the

value

prepared by Drs.
by the former before

paper

and

Branny

of

read

of

N.

A.

the

An

"

important

tribution
con-

is contained
branny foods
Randolph and A. E.
College of Physicians

Philadelphia.
Their

that

experiments

is nutritious

and

observations

is contained

in

three

of

little

that

show

bran

four

the

nothing

or

coats

of

taken
as
food,
grain except the salts, and that, when
the approwhich
they induce a rapid peristalsis,
notably hinders
priation
the
of
the
of
nutritious
the
substance
grain;
by
economy
the

wheat

and,'furthermore, that the salts contained

required nor
and

that

therefore

nutritive

the

appropriated,when
bran

relations

of

bread

bran

succulent

food

and

nutritive

bran

in

from

excretions

of

of

the

growth

the

presented the authors
following deductions
justifiable:
carbo-hydrates of bran are digested by
From

I. The

ical
chem-

animal

upon

of the

to

man

The

its exact
the

facts

the

diet.

by a given
organism under

the

not

eaten,

exerted

effects

processes

are

are

mixed

a

studied

were

coats

vegetables

essential

is not

composition, from the various
diet in question, and from
the

upon

in the

paper
but

diet

servation
obsider
con-

slight

a

degree.
II. The
in the
of

other

are

the

bread

nutritive

salts of

the

wheat

bran, and, therefore, when

foods, the kinds
more

is used
nutritive

valuable.
as

an

of

adjunct

elements,

a

to

contain

however,
other

white

foods

bread

are

is eaten

which

bread

When,

grain

bread

as

is

which

contained
to

chiefly

the

exclusion

these

elements

usually
contain

the

case,

the

ganic
inor-

offers, weight for weight,

containing bran.
exists
III. That
by far the major portion of the gluten of wheat
in the central
four-fifths of the grain, entirelyindependent of the
cells of the
fourth
bran
"gluten cells").
layer (the so-called
when
that
cells
the
last
Further,
named, even
thoroughly cooked,
more

available

food

than

does

one

Bibliographic.

all

little if at

are

IV.

That

flour is

diet

its presence

as

through

passage

the

the

the

prevent

V.

That

inasmuch

removed,

there

gluten of

the

is

adherent

endosperm,

flour should

wheaten

layers of

the

nutritious

in the

as

than

any

of

but

also

simply

as

of

the

in

three

yield a flour
ordinarily used.

at

in

bran

only

other

of

stuffs
food-

ordinarilyroughly
of

the

true

the

production of
cortical protective
cheaper

once

Medical

"

of

amount

which

process

digestive

absorption,not

wheat,

would

that

retention

noteworthy

a

remove

grain,

bran

the

action
quickens peristaltic

so

complete digestion and
proteidspresent in the branny food,
time; and,
ingested at the same

to

as

false economy,

a

by

healthy adult.
in an
ordinary mixed

of the

tract

affected

189

Neics

Cosmos.

and

in

J.

more

Dental
S. M.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC.

MoTioN^s
the

OF

SoFT

THE

Motions
of

of

Soft

Physiology in

from

Transactions
P.

A

the

Palate.

in

is

the
of

the

with

nearly
manipulating the outer end of
the motion
position to receive
communicate
which

The
which
the
A

they

the

traced

are

various
show

variations

same

different

in sound

knowledge

of

"

the

of

Recording

Allen, M.

fessor
D., Pro-

of

tract
Pennsylvania. Exdelphia.
College of Physicians of PhilaCo., Philadelphia.
the

the
the

from

nose

roof

of

the

rod, it may
of

illustrated

backward,

naso-phaiynx. By
be
brought into a

the

motions

human
of

soft

by

of

movements

of

the

before

palate in talking and
through the rod to a palate-myograph by
the paper-covering of a revolvingcylinder.
upon

tracings are

the

Method

University

passed through

contact

New

Palate, by Harrison

Blakiston, Son

straightrod

until

A

the

a

of cuts,
large number
soft palate caused
by

voice.
the

palate may be
in the study of phonetics,and consequently in that of
is ingenious and
the book
language. The method

the attention

of

those

interested

in

soft

the

subject of

which

very

ful
use-

ative
compardeserves
it treats.

The

190

Archives

Dentistry.

of

EDITORIAL.
call the attention

We
Mr.

book

Sewill's

of

Dental

on

only disputes the theory

readers

our

Caries.

of

The

decay

set

Dr.

Searle's

author

of

this book

not

by

recent

writers

on

to

forth

review

of

observations
of their
subject,but he also denies the accuracy
under
these objectionsin a very
the microscope. Dr. Searle meets
and
his paper
complete and satisfactorymanner,
presents a clear
and the oppoand distinct idea of the points raised by Mr, Sewill
site
this

largelyheld

views

this side

on

of the Atlantic.

It is

profitable

reading.
DENTAL

Territory of

The
law

Dakota

effect

into

is the
enactments

the
of

after

against the

inroads

have

Dakota,

yet

recentlyadopted
is

of

this state

its

publicationin
that

so

law.

nearly a

model

excellent

Missouri, requiring all

from

diploma, emanating
This

rule should

far distant

provision and

the

that
Our

we

in

the

be

made

amend

the

people
of

Kansas
the

in

the

also

for

room

that

see

State

the

be

trust

linquent
de-

legislature

will then

enforced

we

the
has

will make

readers

ple
exam-

of

provided with
reputable dental college.
to

universal,and
be

lieve
be-

we

a

time

of

dental

is

not

so.

state

where

older

them

in this

in

this

contain
laws

particular.
this important

exist

an

effort

regai'd. Nothing short of
the requirements of the sentiment
will meet
now
prevalent in
and among
the people.
dental profession

should
this

law

the

passed by

act

is

act

acts

new

a

This

laws, and

state

unfortunately defective
regulatingdental practiceshould

Dakota

The

become
it will

when

The

provision,first
new-comers

a

,which
territory

1885.

such
stir up

The

number.

next

our

of

enactment

the

of March

enact

activity.

similar

a

to

state, should

a

increased

to

tenth

the

territoryjDrotectingitself by legal
of dental incompetents. A number

a

yet failed

as

not

just obtained
dentistrywithin

the

of

States

it contains

and

on

first instance

states

All

has

regulating the practiceof

went

of

LEGISLATION.

to

COCAINE.
It is
into

now

several

noticejasa

months
local

reports_of its action

as

since

cocaine

anaesthetic,and in
revealed

by

the

ly
brought prominentlooking over the numerous
experience of these few
was

,

191

Editorial.

months,
in

estimation

high

the

brought

are

we

some

of these

their

earlier

awarded

hands

in the

success

have

effects

reports indicated.

the
In

be

to

seems

it has

That

not

are

held

been

a

its chosen

symptoms

ophthalmology. Its
tissues,upon
sujDerficial

the

so

well

marked.

action,

which

has

which

membranes,

mucous

field of

utilityin

in

that

to

applicationto

its

its

but

surgery,

with

chieflylimited

instances

some

is not

of its

in dental

compared

its effects

deeper parts

drug

than
general efficacy
counts
occasionally see glowing ac-

We

effects

to be

be

to

appear

it at first.

to

less confident

become

practiceis not

the

that

ophthalmologists is unquestioned, although

of

of its anaesthetic
dental

conclusion

the

to

followed

been

has

created

by

stitutional
con-

if

apprehension

not

alarm.
While

would

we

in its use,

high

should

of

I

but

continued

until

the

of

opening
I

think

alveolar
the

satisfied

not

am

We

have

reputable
for fifteen
bill?

the

ground

at

anticipate

to

of this

resources

raised

not

to

it falls

case

too

short

not

we

and

for their
not

least
made

us

held

all

follows:

as

operations

and

a

upon

great blessing

teeth."

with

a

Law.

Dental

why

the

to

this

big

state

of
a

rules

Have

we

our

passage

different

Have

up?

generosity (?)

found

at

poration
incor-

the

the

secure

keenly, defeat
gave

all

hilati?

not

labored

Delevan

with

comply

to

felt most

The

more

convenient

not

of

times,
not

we

of

mitted
sub-

successful

dumping

rejectedgarbage?
well-dressed

every

accused

and

in

persevering never
to

speaks

HILARITY.

colleges. Then
long years planned and
Have

Atkinson

its action

committee

long enough
have
neighbors, who

or

full

admirable

dental

yet determined

Coast

tion
cau-

teeth.

less in

processes

cocaine

with

there"

"got

pledges

Has

the

the

will be

WISCONSIN'S

our

of

not

expectations are

our

writer, Dr.

letter to the

recent

tissue

soft

readers

our

tissues

if

safety,advise

anticipations.
a

"In

of

measure

the

disappointment

point,our

our

In

be

a

advise

upon

ascertained, yet

are
a

also

its action

Experiments
drug

wonld

we

from

much

too

therefore, as

of
us

there?

having

our

dentist
coats

responsible

for

from

made
the

Maine
at the

cheap

to

Delevan

material

the

Pacific

factory,
of the

ments
gar-

Has

fired

at

action

united

and

bring

to

their

the

result

the

fluent

vexation

cause

about

anathemas,

'issed

French

the

sufficient
to

Bull

Johnny

genders,

"institution"

our

stimulate

Dutch

Dentistry.

of

'ed of

'ole in the

the

not

Germans

of

adjectives
spiritand

announced,

now

rejoiceto-day with exceeding gladness?
done!"
and
join
think, brethren, you will respond "Well

and

makes

which

We
in

Akchives

The

192

us

us

"smile."

our

this connection

In

let

remind

us

you

that

a

good

time

to

tender

congratulationswill be at our next societymeeting in Lacrosse.
as
Arrangements are being planned to hold this meeting near
possibleto the time of the A. U. A. meeting at Minneapolis, partly
of you as possible when
of catching as many
for the purpose
ing
passus

through

to

the

But

City.

Gateway

of this

anon.

more

E.

ACONITE

AS

AN^THETIC.

LOCAL

A

P.

Journal
Dental
a
publishes in the Austrian
in
aconitia
of experiments with
series
form, applied
proper
He
applies the
good results.
directlyto the cavity,with
very
four and a half
about
aconitia in the shape of small pieces of paper
Dr.

Kosmea

Anton

millimetres

allowed

a

contains

square
The

grain.

in

a

solution

of

aconitia

in

ether, and

dry.

to

Each

soaked

square,

parts of the

carious
aconitized

the

of
milligrams or one-twentieth
tooth were
only partly removed,
introduced; finallygutta percha

three

about

and

then

was

put into the cavity as

was

paper

temporary

a

and
filling,

after

twenty-

the
peared;
insensibilityhad entirely disapforty-eight hours
detailed
he publishes twenty-three
cases
including every
of the previously
the insensibility
In every
case
variety of teeth.
four

very

to

complete; the pulps did
unpleasantly affected by the drug.-

sensitive

in any

way

dentine

Kosmea

Dr.

sums

was

up

The

greater the doses

The

paper

his
the

containing the

to

seem

be

thus:

results
surer

not

insensbility.
be pressed
must

the

aconitia

upon

the

sitive
sen-

parts.
If

the

aconitia

pain,which
The
papers;

brought near
disappears rapidly.

aconitia
no

is

is dissolved

unpleasant effects

and
were

the

pulp

it

causes

disappears from
observed.

a

the

slight dull
aconitized
C. M.

t:h:e

Archives of Dentistry.
A

Vol.

Record

MonthlV

No.

n.,

MAY,

5.]

all the

Nature's

INTIMATE

in
We
oral

be

may

called

cavity

from

"

to

upon
the

A

thorough

practitioner
It should
and

be

of

When

within

his

inflammation,
the

progress,
It

is

said,

the
which
to

large

a

occupy

of

medical

truth
that

of
"a

by

its several
and

of

in

all

the

tissues
with

palate

of

is

tion
inflamma-

lives.

the

soft

structure

inflammation

that

is not
this

of

share

department

that

or

laws

found

as

with

meet

we

1884.

10,

the

of

the

its

merous
nu-

teeth.

indisjDcnsable

there
of

or

assertion
of

it is

is

scarcely

less
will
the

that

during

science."

bear

to

a

does

influenced
be

to

every

in
one

pupilage,

in after

life.

disease

originate

not

by

which

it

during

in
its

suflScientlyobvious.

phenomenon

governed

processes

surgical

attention

science

more

knowledge
which

his

professional contemplation

it is remembered

comes

Dec.

Society,

dentistry.

special object

a

MASS.

professional

our

dentinal

of

knowledge

well."

S., BOSTON,

that

structure

the

to

fact

it

treat

loose

blood-vessels,

of

day

D.

Dental

the

excel,

writing

INFLAMMATION.

D,

D,,

with

every

is

OF

Massachusetts

the

form,

are

the wise

masterpiece

M.

impressed

some

in which

arts

chief

EAMES,

before

Read

All

F.

Series.

[New

ARTICLES.

NATURE

GEO.

BY

Art.

and

1885.

ORIGINAL
"Of

Science

Dental

of

its course,

another,

of
and
is the

tion,
inflammathe

tion
rela-

keystone

194

The

Archives

It is difficult if not
definition

exact

an

When
and

we

line between

The

and

noting

know

less

if the

is the

would

inflammation
In

such

From

These

and

of the

disease.

be

Examples
H.

which
*

look

We

spreading,
be

and

the

of

what

eye.
in

a

complete

follows.
line which

shows

the present

time,

the

to

the

ginning
be-

tinct
dis-

five

redness, swelling,heat,

as

a

rule, easilyperceived,but

of the

inflamed

tissue,

and

very

often

in tissues

may

still with

that

in

in the

as

evidences

shall be

we

the

under
remark

the

tion
duraheat

propriety

present.
the

involving

of

inflammation, clouds,

portion of

some

to

resolve

the

light"

into their

con-

heat, redness, swelling and

shadow

that

are

diseases

of

able

clouds

the

increased

disease

ten
of-

are

teeth.

''theyobscure

beyond
may

of

inflammatory

calls these

until

we

evidences

other

seen

remain

shall

we

we

in disease.

upon

irritant,and

recognized;-viz:

cartilagesand

therefore

stitutents,to

make

we

it will result

excess

an

an

but

produces,

Swelling, pain, and

only

seen

*

be

may

but

face,

the

near

is made

the eye,

into

merges

iron

heat

of structure

are,

the

Atkinson

are

to

character

while

articular

Wm.

pain,

the

observed

inflamed,

ing
draw-

function.

symptoms

by

process

heated

great demand

first century

been

deranged

modified

gradually

so

process?

the

have

main

not

healthy

applied long enough,

shall

abnormal

symptoms

pain, and

the

healthful, becomes

where

the

Celsus

cornea,

is

impairment

cases,

of

may

which

stimulus
be

and

give

to

of
difficulty

the

abnormal,

by placing a
healthy glow the

heat

natural

degree

physiologicalprocess

to the

professionallabors

our

Light

with

first the

at

that

In

*

and

be illustrated

may

time

present

is apparent.

them

insidiousness

disease,

call

normal

imperceptibly changing
a

the

quite impossible at

of inflammation.

the

see

Dentistry.

of

the

of the

old

definition

light

of

investigation

but
increasing in intensity,

there

are

clouds

flammatio
in-

of

yet

is
to

dispersed.

with
the
object of
Many diflerent theories have been formulated
these may
or
explaining the cause
originof inflammation, and among
mentioned
is known
be
what
the neuro-paralytictheory,which
as

supposed

the

them,

and

vessel

walls

dilatation
the
from

of the

vessels,the
were

due

of the sensory

nerves.

resulting exudation,
excitation

accumulation
to

of

blood

paralysisof

in
the

The

196

As

the

mesentery
been

has
first notice
arteries

of the

found

frog

is

sufficient to

exposed to the air,the mere
start
inflammatory action.

general dilatation of the vessels, beginning
and veins, the flow
extending to the capillaries

these

vessels

first

at

becomes

Fig.
a.

Dentistry.

of

a

and

through

Archives

with

posure
ex-

We
the

of blood

rapid, (See Fig. 1)

more

1.

Vein.

b b. Capillaries.
The
so

that

in

the

vessels

smallest
red

but

slightly dilated, and

are

it is impossible

to

In

the

vein,

blood-current
individual

is seen

a

accelerated,

corpuscles, except
lowish
yel-

swiftly-passing

stream.

later it is retarded

The

distinguish

capillaries.

the
the

blood
may

it becomes

slower
not

cells,which

at

first

afterward

be

easilyrecognized.

could

be

than

normal.

vidually,
distinguishedindi-

in
the capillariesand
begins to accumulate
ing
veins.
(See Fig. 2.) The outer layer in the veins usually containing
plasma on]y,beginsto be filled with white blood cells;which havof the stream, float slowly on or fasteningthemselves
left the centre
of the vessel,remain
there
the walls
to
to and
oscillating
fro or becoming fixed in their position.
is known
the
outward
This
movement
as
ginal
marperipheral or
dispositionof the white blood cells.
blood
cells throwing out
reveals
the white
The
next
scene
cesses
proThe

blood

until

which

now

pass

into

the wall

of the

vessel.

Original

197

Articles.
,

Fig.
a.

Vein.

b h.

Capillaries.

Retardation

of

current.

of the

Crowding

cells.

Fig.
a.

Vein.

b.

Artery.

The
are

2.

migration

shown

The
hours.

and
round

by the

specimen

the

as

here

3.

peripheral distribution

black

of the

white

blood-cells

figures.

represented

had

been

under

observation

eight

The

198

The

soon

aj)pear

white

cells is

processes
of the

in six

ARcnrv^ES

outside

the

vessel; this

by diapedesis, and

veins

the

eight hours,

or

Dentistry.

of

and

this

by

process,
with

surrounded

are
capillaries

gration
mi-

or

escape

these

ing
leucocytes which
gradually find their way into the surroundtissue.
(See Fig. 3.)
We
could find interestingmatter
in the future
history of these
sideration.
migrating cells,did we not have sufiicient matter
already under con,

This

relaces to the origin of
subject,especiallythat part which
the object of eminent
and opposing authorities
ever
pus, has been
since it began to be studied.
The
the theory
recent
majority of the most
testimony favors
that pus corpuscles are
derived
the
blood, the fixed
solely from
tissue cells degenerate or
gle
perish altogether, and in this state minwith
the
exudations.
Wallis-Eberth.
and
Cohnheim,
Key
and Strieker.
Among those who oppose this theory are Boellcher
But

the

also

are

white

cells
observed

soon

the

If at this

where
Not

only

of fluid
but

the

way

through the

walls

of the

blood

that

saying

demonstration

our

is

cells

cells

the

do

be

mesentery

interrui3ted,
migration

stated

observed

the

leave

believe, not

we

of the

substance

as

the

do

also; this

I have

cells

not

cape
es-

strained
the

at

ceases

point

occurs.

because

the

may

point in

stasis

blood

arteries.

the circulation

that

so

for

red

only aliens,the

their

making

capillaries.
Ziegler is authority
from

the

not

are

"accumulation

and

the

on

be

the

applied to
frog's tongue,

in

so

of

takes

same

which

a

the

place in

process,

is

of

the

as

seen

inflammation

an

escape

have

we

seen

takes

liquid which

of

mesentery

there

because

much

surface

brieflywhat
in the

vessels,but

it,

place in

mesentery."
the

inflammatory process
frog. These statements
in

-

other

has

been

parts,

as

in

produced by

caustics.
Thoma
in

warm

("Virch.
blooded

Arch,"

animals

Vol.

79,) has shown

is identical

with

that

that

the

in cold

process
blooded

animals.
Observations

in

experiments

of the white

blood

similar
ewsky has shown
containing fine powders of

go

cells
action
various

show

to

is

that

purely

"when

a

densities

the

position
peripheral dis-

mechanical.

slow
in

stream

Schklarof

suspension is

liquid
made

Original

199

Articles.

tube."

"When

the

flows

to pass

through

tain

ier
lighter particlescling to the periphery, the heavhurried
are
on
by the axial current.
is
is what
the
current
happens in the case of blood; when
white
cells go
the
to
to
a certain
periphery,
extent, the

This
slowed

narrow

when

it becomes

there

also.

In many

still

The

The

trouble, but
the

results

train

the

acting on
deranged

cer

M'ith

the

its

the

dus
"mo-

the

by

ritant.
ir-

in

the

redness, swelling
chemical

or

ritation
ir-

tissue."

products

exuded

of

characteristic

most

disturbance,
it is the
its

and

matter

feature

Ziegler

involved

changes

inflammation

gives

the

function.

tissue

undervalued,

or

viz.:

is

contained

process

in the

nerves

sensory

nutrition,

other

the

go

the

trace

in motion

set

cells

which

to

"pressure, tension,

to

is the vascular

which

a

infiltration.

or

plainly declare disordered
The
most
prominent and
the

conditions
upon

able

not

are

we

easilyseen,

be traced

may

of

consequent

exudation

the

pain

The

at

red

the

irritant

the

perceive

to

foregoing descriptionare
and

in engorgement,

slower, as

it is easy

cases

origin of the whole
operandi" of

heat,

stream,

the

rate,
ones

a

disturbance

in

special character

and

that

says,

not

are

of

be

to

flammati
inthough
al-

looked
over-

circulation

the

determines

its

course.

The

question

almost

reduced

of the

the

to

According

to

We

the

is

the

not

white

infiltration

The

fact that
cells

red

cells from

the

the

in the

of

this

a

tion
dilatablood

vessel-wall.
the

paralyticcondition

give

turbances.
dis-

vascular

capillariesand veins, and
able
all refercapillaries,are

that
investigations,

recent

does

are

is not

the
dead

activityof
Cohnheim

of

rise to

the

of

slowing
of

the

walls

the
of

marginal disposition

cells.

The

whose

the
.

result

vessel, neither

of the

from

alteration

taught by

causation

slowing of the blood current, the
peripheral dispostion of the white

of these

the

molecular

a
are

current

of

the

is thus

of inflammation

nature

the

vessels, the

migration

essential

question of

Samuel

to

cells, the migration
the

the

to

as

has

caused

white

and

by retarding the
red

cells

will

blood

escape

current.

into

a

tissue

vanquish the theory that supposes
exudation.
neighboring cells will cause
seems

shown

to

that

if the

circulation

through

a

vessel

creased
in-

is

The

200

interrupted
vessel

wall

allowed

by

time

(infrogs from

changes, that

exudation

itself may

of which

takes

when

to

the

hours),the
blood
is again
40

in

place just as

the

others, says that

probably

the frictional

36

be

due

adhesion

tion,
inflamma-

slowing

endothelial

to

blood

between

of

changes
and

vessel

is increased.

wall

it is pretty

Although
vessel

the
under

the

is

wall

generally conceded
effected,the change cannot

be

inflammation

in

that

taking place

seen

micioscope.

Fig.

4.

Vein.

a.

hb.
c.

Dentistry.

of

author, with

same

current

virtue

such

circulate,an

yet the

the blood

certain

a

undergoes

to

and

for

Archives

Capillaries.
Complete

c.

d.

Escaped

At

this

hours.

stagnation.

white

stage

Stasis

the

blood-cells.
had

preparation

here

observed

been

is due

to

under
the

observation

application

about

four

of tincture

of

capsicum.
The

vessel

unites
and

wall

becomes

the endothelial
from

vessel

wall

It has
existed
spaces

these
is

been
in the

were

conditions

normal

loosened

become

conclude

we

condition, and
Cohnheim

enlarged.

little

to

seems

that

impaired.
thought,especially
by Arnold,that

finallyoverthrown.
but

cells

masses

The
of

spaces

of Arnold

cementing

in

that

opposed

substance

the

permeable,

more

this
were

substances.

the

or

which

softened,

integrityof

intercellular

spaces

inflammation

theory
found

these

until it
to

the

be

was

ing
noth-

Original

The

against the

argument

exudation

the

existence

has

and

from

cells,and

of the

wall

this

the

of movement

active

effort

the

thus

is

way."

The

itself, the

limited

The

the

effect

of

case

tissues

a

circulation

of

returns

of restoration

the

of

without

to

at

has

which

THOUGHTS

the

the

in

time,

If

the

ceased,

irritant

an

particular

a

be

the

direct

in

the

blood

materials

or

the

effect

wall

is the

blood
for

state, exudation

and.

vessel

vessel

the

in

act

surprised

not

of

view

may

may

is

find

to

first supplies

repair.
ceases,

and,

begun. The varieties of inflammation,
changes, etc., might be discussed

effort has

RELATING

vessels

same

are

necessary

repair,textural
digression,but the present

object for

by

contained

poison

its normal

has

is caused

themselves

irritant,we

an

is,in

conclusion

tissue.

connective

the process
process

an

(Fig.4.)

or
sufferingindirectly,

be affected

may

to

the

which

applied

of inflammation

vessels

in the

is

of motion.

power

the warrantable

injuriousinfluence
injured vessel with the

the
The

cells of the

the

when

irritant

an

exciting cause

or

ways.

tissue

first to feel the
that

when

cease

surrounding

surrounding

ment,
experi-

they have
to
migration being due

far

irritant

different

be

to

say, that

object of attack, as

may

the

of

result

unless

escape

given, that inflammation
capable of "altering the blood

which

three

never

themselves,

deprive the

Briefly,wemay
testimony

cells

permeability

in the

the

as

in albumen

part of the cells.

is shown
to

cause
be-

made

was

richer

being

change

It is maintained

blood
in

on

enough

severe

vessel.

white

power

Migration

it

call for the

to

seems

openings

same

simple engorgement,

of the

that

of

guinis.
composition as liquor sanreadily than the
coagulates more

the

not

Inflammatory exudation
exudation

201

Articles.

been

TO

limits

seem

best

to

the

serve

made.

OPERATIONS

ON

THE

TEETH.
BY

There

the
he

DR.

A.

M.

ROSS,

CHICOPEE,

MASS.

to activityin this world; pleasimpelling motives
ure
and duty or necessity,and
the person
who
individually gains
from
his pleasures,or, who
benefits most
those for whom
most
performs duties
performed either from choice or necessity is
are

two

"

"

202

The

who

the

one

the

object in view,

enters

of

the

would

end

may

seem

but

such

The

in

which
not

be best.

may

to

often
more

unimportant.
found
placing self in
often ultimately occupy
first consideration.

that

say
and

the

dentist

his needs
and

pure

constitutes
I will

and
We

will

satisfaction

his successful
his

affairs of

all

it.
the

This

article,

dentistry

to
men.

fellow, desires

doing

is

compensation
he

if he

work

relation

deavor.
en-

that

secondary,
is most

therefore

primary position. Self would
the primary position,if it were
less
It would
be follyand quite senseless
first,last and

consider

always

self
him-

of

the

not

illustrate

the

principle.
patient of yours

one
long time
appears
has
at
one
day in your office after a lapse of several years, who
in
several
had
made
time, say
previous,
gold fillings
years
proximating cavities of his upper
bi-cuspids. Seated
again in
chair you discover
of seven
such
two
vical
absent, and cerfillings
your
in fair condition.
the balance
decay about the third filling,

The

has

be

been

have

and

interim

dentine,
the

the work

system

the

teeth.

and

septic
dentine

the

finally,you
at

You

has
You

there

general system
by illness. The
interruptionin
all

action

between
caused

have,

the

inaccessible

the

gold
disintegration

fact that

than
the
the

this,and

the

these

be used

in combination

also

be

with

prophylaxis.

ures
fail-

pointswhere
demand

toration
res-

requirements

be

case

article,a metal, in commercial

an

shall

conditions

recognize

recognize

points more

that

gold should

restoration

caused

good. The merits of
shall
temporizing. How

believe

the

work,

still remains

to

the

in

occurred

without
met?

of

the

fermentative

seriously disturbed

whole

chemical
and

points where

undermine

the

latter, and

have

at

most

activities

certain

that

occurred

tonicityof

nutritive

the

a

likelyto

most

in the

lowered

of

suppose

failures

would

that

plishment
accom-

point at all. This is a question,
and
discussion
of
a
professionalethics,
in professioual life,
of true
success

kernel

try and

now

for

the

last,that is
the

of

the

pleasure from
the subject of

is selfish and

should

simple,

of

proper

his

thought
Man

the

what

The

from

pleasure and

and

serving

say

often

aside

singularprelude to

man,

enthusiasm

an

spirit with

satisfaction

very

conscientious

with

results

natural

heartily

most
a

keen

thoughts as these bear a very
they certainlyrelate closelyto the

and

to

be

does

thought
The

the

enter

the

to

but

he

no

in view.

are

must

derive

with

and

Dentistry.

of

whatever

upon

ultimately derived
One

Archives

gold

value
so

that

ferior
inin

The

204

Archives

DENTAL

SOCIETIES.

CHICAGO

Reported
THE

DENTAL
for

Expressly

the

AND
A.

SOCIETY.

Archives

W.

Dentistry.

of

HIGHMORIANUM

ANTRUM

BY

Dentistry.

of

DISEASES

ITS

;

TREATMENT.

HARLAN,

M.

D.,

D.

ILLINOIS.

S., CHICAGO,

D.

Highmore, as it is commonlyspoken of, is a cavity located in the superior maxillary bone, of
and
its
bone
pyramidal shape, with its apex pointing to the malar
base towards
the nasal cavity. It is lined with ciliated epithelium,
The

maxillary sinus,

which

subjacent to
It has

connection

goose

quillinto

add

is not
does

periosteum, covering the bony walls.
nasal cavityby an opening the size of a

thick
the

its full size until

Its

capacity is variable, ranging
being from two to three.
average
present

a

and

find

one

or

cavity,being
The
secrete

normal

be

may

The

roots

are

more

than

the

where

the

only by

the

in the

closed

the
that

the
either

it is
molar

frequently
experience

are

uncommon

no

projectinginto

teeth

and

periosteum

the

brane.
mem-

mucous

lining the maxillary sinus, does not
appreciable quantity, as post-raorteras have
is

antrum

larger in the male

in the

than

female

and

subject.
capacity in the same
shape and
molars
of the second
bicuspid and the first and second
generally found in closer proximity to its inner surface
in

other

of

roots

weaker

is

orbital

eyeball, or
of which

the
the

that

the

wall
the

alveolar

by
one

The

antrum.

first
walls

portion,are

fluids

when

the

on

record

bicuspidshave
of

this

ity,
cav-

generally thin,
natural

orifice

so

is

pens
bulges, and it generally hapdisplaced,causing protrusion of

which

is also

palataldepression may

abnormalities

are

cases

molar, cuspids and

of distention

case

the

teeth; however,

third

of the

roots

penetrated the floor of
with the exception of
that

interior

membrane,

dissimilar

The

of the

in any

mucous

disclosed.

roots

more

puberty, or later.
eight drachms, the
does
not
always

to

one

The

floor,and

the

covered

from

trum
an-

of

age

surface, as bony septa

unbroken

springing from

seen

to

smooth

the

to

The

sinus.

the

dependent portion of

most

needless

it is

meatus-nasi, which

middle

the

attain

not

a

with

the

at

is

of

antrum

or

are

easily detected.

be

first
While

observed,
it might

Dental

205

Societies.

minutely and accuratelydescribe the antrum
and adjacent parts, the above
of preface to my
remarks
by way
will be, I hope, sufficiently
interest in the
an
suggestive to awaken
cussion.
subject which it will be your privilegeto enrich by thoughtful disinstructive

be

to

diseases

The
has

of the

deal

to

more

those

are

which

with

antrum

caused

the dental

surgeon

ally
gener-

violence, alveolar

external

by

scesses,
ab-

eign
dentigerous cysts and the accidental
perforations of forinto
therebodies, as the pushing of fragments of teeth or bone
of entozoa.
New
during attempts to extract, or the entrance
formations
and growths in this cavity, such
as
osseous
tumors,
found
oftener
in the
are
polyps and other varieties of fleshytumors
pitals,
hosat free dispensatories,
or
public clinics of the general surgeon
than in private practice. It is not necessary
to explain why
this is
hands

It is

so.

but

rarely,so

great varieties
The

of those

into

time

recent

membrane

the

find that

may

the

washed
with

If there

be

to

mass,

socket

the

and

is

dilute

two,
The

is

nothing
to

or

there

been

secretion

different

a

be

may

fiuid

surgeons
a

use

solution

After

the

or

other

requisiteto

produced,

are

a

lapse of

lining

with

We
foul

a

semifluid.
the

sinus

The
oughly
thor-

is

tepid salt water,
especiallyimportant.

up

for

medicament

several

Particles
the
or

days
of

opening
other

fore
be-

food
must

suitable

G. V.

Black's

may

be

one,

used.

soever
engorged sinus,from whatand continuous
irrigationby

of the

cleanliness

a

scess
ab-

ing,
Cantly's fluid for disinfectof potassium permanganate
ten
or
lapse of a week
days

suitable
cure

the

first of

acid, sulphate of zinc, Dr.

solution,

essentials

or

tents, tubes

of proper

quently
fre-

character.

enlarged, and

be

one

has

of the

filled

wholly

or

injectionsare used.
be kept out, and
must

but

II2 O2.

phosphoric

cause

when

by the use,
protoxide of hydrogen. This
this should
be kept
partitions,

inferior

three

when

has

is

is all that

treatment,

of

must

tooth

or

the

subject.

tooth

of

disinfected

by the use
appliances. In England,

and

it

or

maintained

which

be

is

practice

any

root

abnormal

an

cavity is partly

astringentwashes
other foreign matter

and

but

must

of

of the

way

cause

abscessed

an

dentist

every

by

treatment

smelling cheesy
opening through
then

antrum

occurrence,

sufficiently
great

from

it

our

with

contact

which

to

antrum

extraction

usually required
is of

be

the

The

off from

perforce cut

in the

fall into

inflammations

catarrhal

are

experiences which
observed.

is

we

of disease

of pus

escape

The

fact.

a

The

206

abnormal

Several

this about.
for

me

troubling him

had

by

the

filled

been

sunken

pulps

in

and

accident

the

to

his

occurred

molars,

The

roots

ably
consider-

was

fifteen

some

years

carious

was

process

ination,
exam-

second

face

been

On

smash-up.

As

sulted
con-

had

which

and

an

treatment

months.

first

alveolar

secrete

to

careful

several

had

the

that

and

railroad

a

ceased

left nostril

the

before.

months

some

for

has

gentleman, aged 42,

a

the

in

dead

face

the

on

I concluded

before,

from

its offensiveness

by

blow

a

since

years

discharge

a

I found
caused

Dentistry.

of

until the membrane
injections,
It
fluid.
requires patience

medicated

bring

Archives

crosed
ne-

or

I
molars.
of
the
tracted
exapices of the roots
removed
and
the first molar, perforated the antrum
some
flocculent
A copious,foul-smelling,
bone.
small
pieces of necrosed
oughly
After
washing the sinus thorliquid escaped through the socket.
Davidson
for three or four days by using a modified
ringe,
sysolution
of
with
a
a
tablespoonfulof
composed
chargsd
the

adjacent to

salt to

quart of

a

which

to

long.

It

afiixed

a

attached

was

divided

was

I fitted

tepid water,

Davidson

in

flexible

a

rubber

middle

the

and
end

other

bulb, the

tube

glass

a

the

ing,
open-

thirty

tube

between
of

the

to

ends

the
tube

inches
was

drawn

being

ordinary glass bottle which gives us a sort of a
bottle was
The
nasal douche.
suspended on the wall on a level
the
with
the eyebrows of the patient; being filled with
injecting
allowed
to run
through until the tube and bulb were
liquid it was
the

over

filled.
force
on

end

of

an

inserted
glass tube was
water
of the descending medicated
the bulb completly irrigated the
The

bent

escaped through
the

days

Very

case

all such

from

pulpless tooth
the

pus,

had

Death

from

been
and

tumor,
a

cases

seven

no

other

contents

eighty

years.

when

abscess

an

lining

membrane

having

has

matter

the

ceeding
pro-

between
In

antrum.

outlet, in addition

to

the

filtrati
in-

septicemic
degenerate and cause
occasioned
by the non-recognition of

been

One

only

too

late

engorgment

is

case

from

removed

pulpless tooth
of

for

discharges purulent

miicous

the

expiration of

the

supervene

suflicient,pressure
and

antrum

if the

adjacent tissues,may

of this kind.

jaw

all

the

cases

poisoning.

and

may

and

antrum

not

was

remained

so

consequences

of

cases

and

serious
a

At

nasi.

meatus

cured

was

periosteum

the

the

in the

the

gave
of

record

on

what

was

surgeon

half

supposed
discovered

to

of the
be

that

an
an

upper
osseous

abscess

apparently bony tumor.
antrum, the safer plan is to

rise to
the

where

the

In
first

carefullyexamine

teeth; if

the

207

Societies.

Dental

pulplessthen

found

are

none

ine
exam-

concealed
root
be a
if there
ridge to discover
of the
which
by its discovery frequently explain the cause
may
nostril
is discharged through only one
swelling. When
pus
the
In case
of doubt
it most
likelyresults from a diseased tooth.
fossa. Heath, Salter, Band
be punctured at the canine
antrum
may
the
written
have
other
and numerous
so
copiously on
surgeons
alveclar

the

subject of

I will not

that
One

surgicalmethods

the

of disease

cause

attention

is from

told

been

several
such

by

it

such

a

the
of

essential

have

tents

or

that

alike,and

to

the

open
the

sinus

it

not

have

the

artificial

only

to

in

seen

I'emove

instance

one

to

necessary

the

result

same

blistered.

opening
this.

say

has

destroy its life. Any

to

been

I have

he

antrum

found

was

screw-worm

world.

and

the

The

subject

age
for drain-

made

We

and

find

seldom

plan of procedure can be
adopted. Coleman, in his Dental
Surgery, describes a method
by
the patient can
attend
sinus.
I
which
the
of
the
have
to
injection
valuable.
tried it. It is very
think
not
ingenious and I should
After
the opening is to be closed
after
wellhas resulted
a cure
bones

two

hence

the

accomplished

I will

the

Texas, that

in order

antrum

would

threadbare

so

of
to

necessary

oils would

lining membrane
adapting tubes
is

was

of

of

sinus

the

portions of

Comoton,

Dr.

into the

injectchlorofoi'm
of the

other

They actuallybore into
had gained entrance
worm

worms.

where

and

friend

where

cases

into

entrance

much

received

not

trum
an-

views.

their

of

summary
has

the

from

tumors

insects,including that

other

my

a

which

antrum

accidental

in Texas

is found

removing

with

you

in the

the

or
flies,

larvae of
which

burden

of

no

universal

surgicalprinciples. It was
such a vast
on
subject
paper

established
write

a

diseases

and

shrank
done

treatment

the

as

extending

performance of it,as I
being compelled to listen to it.

from
in

without

difiicult to

so

the

Antrum

it into

am

undertake

Highmorian
treatise

a

sure

to

would

you

that

I

have

Discussions.
Dr.

by

Newhirk.

Dr.

"

Harlan.

I

case

before

exhibited.

breaking

down

I have

The
of

Medical

The

case

but

whole

was

Society,and

post-mortem
the

had

just read
experience with

to

paper

a

ing
interest-

very

reported last evening
mens
photographs and speci-

examination

osseous

the

little

like to call attention

ossium.

Chicago

pleased with

much

I would

of mollitis
the

very

Personally

of this class.

cases

am

system

revealed
and

the

a

general

patienthad

The

208

The
bones
of
the
face, espelength nearly a foot.
cially
suffered least,and the teeth,
the maxillary, appeared to have
suffered
all. If the
could judge, had
not
at
the doctor
as

far

thought

had

doctor
could

within,

of

form

by drawing

this

when

of

might

we

set

is the

But

stopper and

not

I have
neck

the

tion
ques-

absorption

with

case

is laid

does

hydrogen

from

he

as

the

rest

at

decalify

to

enamel

bottle.

the

over

post-mortem

change except by

no

the

in

Freeman.

W.

A.

believe

the

at

males.
fe-

pregnant
it

down

attacks

is

from

keep

well

been

able

put

out.
with-

with

any

obviate

to

an

nary
ordi-

and

has

of the bottle

finger shield.

rubber
Dr.

claimed

peroxide

stopper

tooth

is liable

suffers

to stay, and

I find that

a

been

it has

as

Personally I
there

extract

enamel

whether

to

as

to

("without pain")

done

have

from

Dentistry.

of

in

shortened

so

Archines

The

"

is

paper

excellent

an

one

quite
pleasure. During my practice I have seen
diseased
of
from
of cases
number
suppuration of the antrum
a
The
second
them
quite tractable.
teeth, and have usually found
have
usually been the offending teeth.
bicuspids and first molars
there was
illary
One
great swelling in the region of the maxcase, where
A mild, tepid sotooth.
lution
tuberosity, resulted from a wisdum
is excellent
for the first cleansing of
of sodium
of chloride
given

much

me

probably peroxide of hydrogen could, as has been suggested,
in moderate
be profitablyused
quantities to more
fully
Phenol
of
the pus.
evacuate
sodique, full strength, or chloride
zinc, ten grains to an ounce, either of them used only a few times and

the

at

antrum;

for most

remedy

should

which
a

had

he

as

and

had

moved
the

where

kept

subject to
ringing in

been

head

be

of
into

the
the

pressure

and

his ears,
his

on

first molar

left lateral

On

placinga

He

days will
opening

carbolized
a

year.

be
into

cotton.

The

a

suflScient
the
I

sinus,

ber
remem-

patient said

he

He

sleptpoorly; had a
something rollingin his

had

the left

after the

I found

a

cuspid
central,the bi-

other, hoping

fistulous

opening

to

tween
be-

tooth, also

canine

revealed

free

of

sense

extracted, one

bicuspid. A
maxillary sinus.
thumb

a

years.

pillow.

second

of the

a

suffering.
and

is

there

several

catarrh

it

first three

by a tent of
running over

open
been

rid of his constant
the

the

after

cases

which

case

constant

be

intervals

lengthened

probe
The

through the alveolus
passed readilythrough these

roof

of the

fluctuation.

syringe in the

mouth

This

was

was

soft and

easily

bicuspid opening, vile pus

forated.
perwas

forced
to

Warm
water
openings and through the nose.
the
cavity and phenol sodique used four successive
applicationsat distant intervals after the
only two more

from

all these

evacuate

days, with
patient returned
case

his

to

in

well

was

209

Societies.

Dental

home,
time

short

a

sole remedies

the

were

and

remains

so

used.

to-day.

The
catarrh

The

cured.

was

If my
have

directions

of

solution

the

The

acid

of carbolic

once

twice

or

acid

fully followed

opening through
facilitated the healing of this case.
zinc, twenty grains to the ounce,

doubtless

used

been

overdone.

been

iodide

had

used

of

seven

I

of the

roof

Chloride
or

mouth

of

saturated

would

when

water,

the

stimulate

to

is necessar3^

as

to

part

one

be

may

would

treatment

zinc, or
aqueous

sluggish
aromatic

use

there

is

cases,

ric
sulphu-

necrosed

bone.

pleased with the recommendations
of Dr.
Harlan
for thoroughness in treatment,
especiallyin first
There
then to give nature
a chance.
treatments;
ought to be no
in diagnosing any of these cases.
I am
in favor of
much
difficulty
of suppuration of the
the use
of Ho Oo as an injectionin cases
trum,
anSitherwood.

Dr.

after the
listerine

as

I

"

has

pus
after

an

evacuated, and

been

dressing,for

membrane.

mucous

much

was

In

it is very

catarrhal

I

like

the

soothing to
I

cases

prescription:
I^ Tinct. jaborandi,
Tinct.

following

gtts. xx.

aconite,rad.

gtts. v.

Water,
A

Sig.
"

5

This

in the

JV'ichols." The
which

they do
that they

not
are

scanty secretions

I

gtts in sugar,
Dr.

Grouse.

diseases.
-such

abatement

treated

I have

rather
the

disease

a

I

rule

entitled

had

ext.

the

excitingcause

will get well

whatever
of

itself.

is

a

to

ceptible
per-

been

quite

are

mon
com-

from

is

hours.

experience
and

that these
you

it may
The

cases

attention

of them

If

have

most

me

there

considerable

reverse.

iij,

physicians
congestion and
pilocarpuspennatifolius,5 to

three

believe, however,

than

the

When

all I want

seen

Such

receive

to.

every

there

symptoms.

troubled

have

prescribe fluid

I have

in the

in character.

repeated

"

practice.

as

until

saliva.

of the

which

cases

catarrhal

are

and

30

flow

speedilyj^rocuredan

Dr.
those

fifteen minutes

teaspoonful every

increase

of

inflamed

an

the

use

action

do

cases

be, in

speaker

not
are

the

extract
most

with

antral
for

care

usually over
tooth

or

instances

mentioned

move
re-

the

several

The

210

in illustration

cases

several

months

the

had

case

Dr.

the

which

is

instrument

an

instrument

was

I

of this
the

fountain
pressure

H's.
the

between

the

the

bone,

The

by Dr.
syringe placed
by clamping

Marshall.

"

think

I do

not

that

the great
of the

lesions

alveolar

be

to

found

in the

lesions

lesions

common

to

the

most

Heath
is

ordinarilythe

to

the

the

of

result

that
of

not

subject,will
regard to

confirm

the

be

but

one

the

opinion

point
when

paper.

the

to

or

fact

caused

are

by
quently
fre-

more

of

sources

most

and

trouble

prominent
the

second

of

the

affections

antrum

abscess

of the

of the

if

I

are

teeth,
caries.

abscess, resulting from

suppuration
the

I doubt

With

the

general. Salter,

abscess
upon

tissues.

antrum

extending from the teeth
own
experience and
cavity. My

inflammation

of

lining membrane

cous
mu-

the

and
teeth, gums
Garretson, I think,

teeth,

in
of

causes

alveolar

being
opinion

of the

dependent

cases

two

think

not

and

are

first,and

the

membranes

mucous

the

cause.

but

are

diseases

observation, and
the

other

there

to

of

antrum*

and

affections

condition

raised

periosteum

prominence

these

I

adapt

to

as

upon

disease

proper

tube.

these

make

The

point

between
to

of antral

maxillary sinus,

common

is of the

criticism
sufficient

any

that

he says

as

says,

than

the

in the

the

sinuses

the

at

periostealmembrane

cases

marked

secondary

large majority

a

a

correctly,says,

remember
in

by

statement

ot

Harris

teeth.

the

being

the

gave

majority

between

I

Harlan.

I do

membrane,

occurs

exjjerience

so

of abscesses

mucous

abscess

Harlan

processes,

makes

and

together,and not
I have just one

Dr.

induced

formation

liftingup

pus

membrane
Dr.

the

periosteum
fact.

is the

such

about

paper

glass

a

maxillary

slightlychanged the shape of one of the glass tubes
in the opening into the aatrum.
it to use
As to the
in Dr.

teriorat
de-

statement.

described

one

controlling the

My

tioned
men-

the

to

think

not

cork.

out

points

regard

do

correctness

M^ashing

the

ordinary

an

and

elevation

of

with

ordinary

the

I found

weeks

three

or

First

the

patient'sleaving

several

two

hydrogen.

for

modification

a

of

peroxide

for

whatever.

to

paper.

equal to
drugs has proved

volatile
used

refer

and

after

treated

been

the

on

treatment

no

to

had

case

benefit,but

found

will be

have

with

discussions

of

One

returning until

not

I desire

"

Dentistry.

of

point.

little

gotten well

in the

with

but

and

Baldvyin.

stopper

of this

with

suddenly

town

Archives

at

the

that

of all present

opinions of
which
abnormal

to

who

the authorities

open

the

conditon

antrum

is the

have

studied

just quoted.
there
result

can

of

a

The

212

the

natural

would

be

and

one

the

middle

the

liningmucous

one

opening
not

and

AVith

forced

I have

of my

one

but

I do

of the

a

One
it

could

that
I have

I had

seen

under

as

ELECTED

President,

FOE

-

-

-

Vice-Pi'esident,

-

Secretary,
Corresponding Secretary,
-

Treasurer,

-

Librarian,

-

of Directors, Dr.
W.

Kepoited

convened
1885.

"

at

And
any

for

man
gentle-

may

be

one

the

Annual

following

Dr.

C. F. Matteson.

Dr.

G.

W.

-

Dr.

A.

-

Dr.

P. J.
Edgar

-

Dr.

-

-

Dr.

J.

officers

the

were

Stevens,

W.

Hoyt,

Kester,
Swain,

H.

Woolley,

Dr.

Marshall,

of

Nichols,

"NV. A.

Dr.

S.

Meeting

the

-

John

YEAR

-

Ecjgene

Tal

Tulane

new

session.

expressly

morning

ASSOCIATION.

DENTAL

annual

seventh

day

pus

Freeman

SOUTHERN

First

the

eighteen months

case

ENSUING

-

-

Recording

A.

next

my

as

for

treatment

THE

SecondjVice-President,

Dr.

cured.

cases

many

evening of April 7, occurred
Society,at which time
Chicago Dental
elected for the ensuing year.

bot:

be

not

the

Board

that

out,

adjourned.

Society then

First

small

so

washed

but

kind.

OFFICERS

On

but

be

gas.) Granted,
been

of

the

cured, however

was

infiltration
would

has

is

used

into

patient,
cannot
Brophy that all cases
In my
own
practice
agree^with him.

case

case

and

there

and

pus

oxygen.

opening

of Dr.

not

I think

years,

incurable

The

no

natural

thickening

remedy
pain to

remark

record

eveutually

of the

with

say

present.

the

of

the

to

must
to

yet

the

consequently

there

reason

eliminated

rapidly

cases

from

discharge

out

regard

cured, I

be

closed

for this

Hg O? until after the sinus

the

quantity

be

of these

membrane,

for the

use

the

could

is

meatus

and

one.

for the

escape

In most

"

Dentistry.

or

artificial

the

abundant

an

{Dr. Marshall.

I do

Archives

for

session.

the

ORLEANS,

Archives

The

of

Southern

Hall, Dryades St.,

on

LA.

Dentistry.
Dental

Tuesday,

Association
March

31,

213

Societies.

Dental

OFFICERS.

A.O.

President,
Ji'irst
Vice-President,

.

.

Second

Vice-President,

Third

Vice-President,

-

-

-

Recording Secretary,

W.

.

-

-

-

Jas.

S.

The

of

New
Knapp.
membership of

nearly

all of the

among

whom

Catching, Atlanta,

Ga.

R.

A.

Holliday, Atlanta,

Ga.

H.

A.

Lowrance,

the Association

be

Brown

Parmly

the

Boards

State

of

of

Association

in the

called

was

to

and

States;

western

and

rison
MorSmith

Chicago; H. A.
Philadelphia; Patrick
Examiners,and

nois,
Illi-

of

others,also the

many

from

represented

of

of Dental

bers
mem-

atives
represent-

Indiana, Illinois,Michigan, Ohio,

and
Georgia, Maryland, Mississippi.
The

Thurber;

McKellops, Spalding

Harlan

Association

well

was

York, and

of New

of the National

J. A.

Walker,

northern

Drs.

named,

Cincinnati; Bonwill

Taftof

Athens, Ga.

Orleans.

Louis; Cashing and

from

J. R.

"

southern, eastern,

may

of St.
andJ.

Arrangements.

Waters, Baltimore, Md.

L.
H.

Treasurer,
Committee

Texas.

Clifton, Waco,

B.

-

-

R.

T.

-

Rawls, Lexington Ky.

Louisiana.

order

10

at

a.

President

m.

Rawls

chair.

After

brief

a

Thurber

but

of New

address

Orleans, and

Dr.

from

eloquent

W.

his annual

H.

a

Morgan

address,

of

of

the

on

response

Nashville,

able

an

welcome

pajser,

on

Dr.

from

part of

S.

A.

ciation,
Asso-

the

President

the

pyorrhea

and

livered
dealveo-

lai'is.
Discussion

pathology
On
and

Dr.

on

and

motion

Rawle's

deferred

paper

therapeuticsshould be reached
of Dr.
Chisholm, visitingmembers

physicians were
till 2,

p.

invited

to

participatein

O.

Salomon

the

Louisiana

the

two

State

just named,

Association, viz.:

Dr.

W.
ib

C.
a

in the

of

regular order.
the profession,

of
the

subject

discussion.

journed
Ad-

and

E.

Dental
five
B,

S.

SESSION.

appeared as delegates from
Society. During the first day besides
members
of the
other gentlemen became
J. DeHart

Memphis, Tenn.;
Vicksburg, Miss.; R.

Byrnes,

Vicksburg, Miss.; I. B. Asker,
Jackson, Miss., and J. RoUo
Knapp,
REPORT

the

M.
AFTERNOON

Drs.

until

OF

Wardlaw,

synopsis:

COMillTTEE

OF

New

of

DENTAL

chairman, read

a

I. D.

Miles?

J.

Miller,

Orleans.
HYGIENE.

paper

of

which

the

lowing
fol-

214

The

He

first alluded

health
to

the

operation of
in their

take

a

marriage

the

to

dead

The

men

pertaining
the

choice

laws

functional

their

tivities
ac-

of

they

mates

as

of the

hygiene

the

to

to

back

go

subject will always be
governed by their passions. Spartarv

are

"survival

in

study of these laws has led
hygiene, commonly spoken of

of

in

Civil

state.

the

at

The

laws

range;

struggle existing between
ject
subof the body were
organs

laws, both

system

a

letter,because
aimed

laws

of

wide

a

natural

nutrition.

of health.

laws

teeth

continual

disease, statingthat the

formulation

the

the

to

Dentistry.

of

and

and
the

Archives

this

on

fittest."

of the

The

medical

science

of

and perpetuates the most
desirable
unto-day, on the contrary preserves
and
Horses
animals
other
be
progenitors.
can
brought
standard
selective
to a given
be
cannot
breeding, etc., but men
by
made
The
will not be
subject to such laws.
generalityof mothers
and fashion
are
quieted in this matter; the requirements of custom

potent than

more

decay; teeth

not

fermenting
first

hygienic
a

habit

you

law.

With

is formed
to

necessary

must

matters.

babe, and

We

"cleanliness

general principles,as
will

advice.

best

the

is next

be

comfort

as

becomes

ideas
for

only give mothers
godliness;"clean teeth
and

acids
a

upon
the

and

the

from

ing,
decaywith

mother

future

the first tooth

easy,

to health.

to

from

kept free
Impress these

lay the foundation
the rubbing of

which

can

following

with

a

soft

becomes

brush

mother's

Appeals to a
prescriptions of

and

her
of

rag,
as

pride

medicine
and
than
self-respecteffect more
diet. You
can
bread, lacto-phosphates,
give oatmeal, brown
etc., but
do not deceive
other
or
yourselves with the belief that limewater
will
be
first pass
assimilated; they must
inorganic substances
all necessary
through vegetable organisms. Ordinary food furnishes
materials

Every surface
regularly with a
effectual, few

formation

for the

of every

tooth

moderately

know

how

to

of

good
be

must

stiff brush

reach

the

teeth.

cleansed, thoroughly and
"

inner

horizontal
siirface

motion
of

not

lower

the

incisors.
To
The
such

not

gums

cleanse

the

interstices

the

quill tooth-pick,or silk floss.
hotel wooden
The
pick is useless.
persistentuse,- or misuse of
anti-acid
of Riggs' disease.
Use
tooth-picksis one cause
ders,
powbe gritty. Objects to pastes and soaps
but
not
as
they must
with
the
readily soluble, and as remaining too long in contact
and

teeth; may

deposits.

Exercise

be
on

use

pleasant in the mouth, but do not
good food is essential to the health

remove

of

the

Societies.

Dental

215

development of the jaws. Soft boiled food does
beneficial
mastication.
in exercising
Chewing-gum

and

teeth

promote

retards

chewing

cleansing. Tobacco

caries

and

not

and

prevents depositsof

(The reading here was
abruptly brought to a close by
discovery of the loss of the remaining pages of the paper).

the

tartar.

Wardknc

Dr.

read

then

a

from

paper

topic.
Dr. Arrington took the ground
practicalsuggestions,rather than

Dr.

B.

F.

Arrington

the

on

same

broad

so

at
to

in

sea;

This

a

view

to

nine

teeth

young

should

be

If

call

by

heroic

sulphuricacid
its

common

for

indicated, would

as

will

in

appear

ADDRESS

Mr.

elicited

papers

OF

WELCOME

and

Arrangements,

to

Xew

Orleans,
of the

meeting
character.

advance

is held

to

the

the

in

of

lengthy

and

dieting
cept
Ac-

the

do

of

too

much;

advanced.

The

decide

the

will be

as

be

treatment

terial
ma-

ciated.
appre-

well

to

mild

if necessary,

by
size, shape

proper

age

or

local
and

spirited discussion, which

issue.

DR.

L.

A.

Gentlemen.
the
same

"

destinies

THURBER

OF

By request

distinguished honor
hall

we

of

NEW

have

of

seen

of the
this

ORLEANS.

of the Committee

where,tifteen years
Association

Dental

after year

of its members.
session

I have

Southern

Year

a

the

months

sample

a

BY

President

of

to

next

our

for

treat

applications. (Submitted
quality of tooth-brush).
These

Let

scurvy.

well

treatment

it is

pyorrhre alveolaris,which

name,

and

is

from

frequently. The
temporizing, not attempting to

wait till decay is far
frequently and never
of teeth must
of patient,localityand structure
in filling. The
removal
of tartar
to be used

Uses

we

ness
busi-

our

and

teeth

examine
age

is

this

examined

be

mouth,

impracticable.

The

plain.

ment
treat-

comfort

treatment

and

nofc

was

the

the

for

practice.

Considers

is

tield

specialty. It

our

of dental

duty

our

of

in condition

gums

sense

beyond

went

generations,absurd

and

the

tissues

of the

satisfied.

be

should

ten

or

and

common

That

we

beyond

waters

teeth

future

the situation
of

When

diseases

is the limit

done, patientswill
with

the

deep
the

preserve

usefulness.

and

needed

we

theories.

generally supposed.

as

of the teeth
were

that

welcoming
ago,
most

was

a

gratifying

ing
body steadily work-

profession which honors every
To arouse
its efforts in the path of progress,
this Crescent
City, chosen at this time by the
a

you

held

one

this
civ-

216

The

ilized

world

improve

can

proud

of

brains

and

the

as

and

Aechrtes

and

grand exchange

benefit

the

calling,we

Dentistry.

of

condition

have

of

point
of

display of
As

man.

all that

dentists,as

men

right to a place in this Congress of
human
should
and
here
meet
ingenuity;it is appropriate that we
show
the world
the accomplishments of an art founded
the highon
est
famous
principlesgoverning science, and made
by American
our

American

hands.

less than

forty years

with

craft whose

any

And

Our

they
with

a

To

And

now,

I

that

which

have

loyal

that

hope

rich

the

is

have

NATIONAL

one

to

say

come!
wel-

held

here

will

erecting to

immortality.
assigned to me this
visitors

in

ble
honora-

language
the

more

that

hope

ity
sincer-

the

coxtixued.]

be

OF

held

was

in Tulane

DENTAL

EXAMINERS.

National

of the

regular meeting

Examiners

Association

Ilall,New

Orleans,

of

tal
Den-

Tuesday,

on

31, 18S5.
State

The

Louisiana,

Boards
South

J. Taft
Harlan

and

and

Carolina, Kentucky,

Rawls,

of

of

the

S.

L.

Knapp,

Kentucky;

G.

A.

F.
A.

Ohio;

of

II.

Louisiana,

Mississippi,and

Maryland

following gentlemen:

a'.Smith,

Cushing,
Michigan; G.

J.

Georgia;
"Walker,

Geo.

of

Metcalf,

H.

Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,Michigan, Georgia,

of

represented by

were

of

to

your

ASSOCIATION
third

March

perience
ex-

purpose.

[to

The

the

privileged,

are

eloquent, and thoughts of greater dep^h, I indulge
will forgive my
shortcomings, and only remember
you
of my

The

members

deliberations

consigned

who

less

you

fession.
pro-

results.

here

am

which

welcomed

not

liberal

possess,

of

I

men

monument

friends, you

my

task, if

of

characteristic

of such

the
to

profession,and

your

fruitful

equality
suffering.

of human

recognized, independent,

a

kindness

with

professions

footing of

a

always
freely the knowledge they
humble
gained, to the more
or

stone

more

on

alleviation

are

gathering

welcome,
one

learned

the

tender

have

a

is the

are

generosity and

family.
add

mission

meetings

advanced,

more

Ignored by
to-day stand

we

ago,

this,we

than

more

a

of
W.
A.

S.

S. T.

Kirk,

Illinois;J.

A.

McElhaney
Thurber,

of

Robinson
and

O.

and

J. II.

of

South

R.

J.

Miller,

Carolina;
W.

T.

A.

W.

A.

Coyle,
and

Salomon,

Wright,

Dilehay,

Indiana;

T.
of

J. R.
A.

O.

Martin,

Dental

and

W.

H.

The

Marshall,

fullest

the

Hesolved,
of Examiners

Mesolved,

and

that

secretaries

of

dental

to

in the

existing laws

That

the

appellationto

which

fraud

may

and

that

amining
ex-

all examinations

of

principallyin

should

be

be

considered

seek

in

recommend

we

this

kept by

to

is not

he

the

as

the

diploma

a

future

only
enter

to

all State

boards
of

amendment

the

end.

appropriation,by
be

Association,

practicablemoment,

attend

to

as

so

Mesolved,
or

this

of

opinion

earliest

the

at

the

boards.

the

profession,and

secure,

Boards

both

conducted

examinations

college should
for those who
qualification

of

that

be

reputable dental

a

evidence
the

should

adopted.

Avere

all State

with

after

courts.

county

thinks

of such

to

made

be

of the

boards
record

a

JResolved, That,
from

clerks

this Association

State

by

writing, and
the

the

That

candidates

recommends

registrationshould

Maryland.

deliberations,and

resolutions

following

this Association

that

boards

the

of

Grady,

in their

prevailed

consideration
That

217

Mississippi;Richard

of

harmony

greatest

Societies.

any

justly entitled

practised is, in

and
sociation, highly rej^rehensible,

the

and

by

opinion

of

be

should

of any

person,

title

which

ception
de-

this Asso-

prohibited by legal

enactment.

Mesolved,

examining

boards

professors in

dental

The

such

that,
their

in

of

composed

so

far

as

adjourned

August,

INDIANA

Twenty-seventh

Tuesday,
will

June

also meet

will

30,
at

as

apj^ointing

possible,the places of
filled

by

those

to

in

meet

be

1885.

the

the

first

Minneapolis

on

II.

Secretary.

1 885.

DENTAL

STATE

Association

the

expire,be

of office

terms

Geo.

The

to

be

may

serving

gentlemen

recommends

State

that

2:)ositions.

Association

Tuesday

be

it undesirable

deems

colleges,and

professors,when
holding

not

should

of all States

powers
such

this Association

That

same

Annual
held
The
time

ASSOCIATION.
of the

Meeting
at

Lake

Indiana

State

Maxinkuckee,

State

Board

and

place.
R

Gushing,

W.

of

Van

commencing

Dental

Examiners

Vatzah,
Terre

tal
Den-

Sec'y,

Haute,

Ind.

The

218

Aechives

DENTAL

CHICAGO
The

COLLEGES.

COLLEGE

third

Dentistry,

of

OF

Commencement

Annual

SURGERY.

DENTAL
Exercises

of the

lege
Col-

Chicago

Surgery, took place at Hershey Music Hall, Chicago,
2Vth, 1885, at 7:30 o'clock.
Friday evening March

of Dental

111.,on

address

The

field,M.

the

D.,

number

The

the

to

graduates

J. E.

valedictoryby
of

was

matriculates

delivered

by

Hinkins,

D.

D.

of

1884-5

for the

course

Prof.

W.

T.

Bel-

S.

sixty-

was

two.

The

degree
senior

of the

D,

S.

Austin

conferred

was

J. A.

Dr.

by

Edward

D., Illinois;Jesse

M.

M.

Everett

Austin

Nelson

William

Jedd

Illinois; Amos
Illinois;Joseph

George
The
Call

McChandliss,

Stuart

W.

J.

Peoria,

W.
Jno.

M,
E.

IV,

of

D.

Lambert^

Lewis, Illinois;

Williams

Illinois; Charles

D.

Moody,

Putnam

Pruyn,
Wachter, Maryland;

Henry

S.

conferred

was

1885

DENTAL

CITY

following were
March

D., Illinois; Edmund

E.

upon

B.

111.

KANSAS
The

tario;
S., On-

D.

Whitetield, Illinois.

honorary degree
of

Josephi

Illinois;A.
L.

Johnson,

Illinois;Charles

Reed,

Gerard

Illinois;Astor

Illinois; Joseph Donahey

Nichols,

Bar-

Leon

Hinkins,

Lane, Illinois;Charles

of

Board

Hasselriis, Denmark;

M.

Johnson,

Holt

Illinois;Asa
Archibald

J.

the

member*

Illinois;Warren

Cady,

Dunn,

Charles

Canada;

of

D., England; Harry

Edward

Hudson,

following

President

Gray, Illinois; Rudolph Theodore
Territory; John
Hickey, Dakota
Melville

the

on

Swasey,

Armitage,

D,, Wisconsin;

M.

Gary,

class
H.

Directors,
num,

of D.

graduated

from

COLLEGE.
Kansas

the

City

Dental

lege
Col-

:

Dunning,. Wyandotte,
Crozier, Lee's

Summit,

Kan.; H. I. Parr, Wyandotte, Kan.;

Mo.;

J. W.

Buchanan,

Kansas

City^

Mo.
Mr.

Dunning
and

oral
The

Mr.

secured
Parr

the

facultyprize

for best

for

examination

best

in dental

general

nation,
exami-

pathology

and

surgery.
first

prize was
pluggers,donated by

1^25.00 in
Dr.

R.

J.

cash;

the

Pearson,

second
of

Kansas

a

set

of

City.

Varney

Archives

The

220

Dentistry.

of

H.
Pennsylvania; Frank
M.
Horner,, Pennsylvania; Marshall
Keep, Pennsylvania; B. G.
W.
Miller, Michigan; James
Prall, Indiana; J. Monticello
Sprinkle,
Gust.

merling, Wisconsin;

W.

Indiana; George

OF

Thirty-ninth Annual
held
Surgery was

Dental

evening, Mai'ch
The
D.

annual

Commencement

The

class

The

number

The

degree

W.

oration

was

delivered

of matriculates
of D.

D.
D.

How,

Storer

S.

L.

Walter

H.

William

P.

Professor

W.

R.

Ohio;

S.

conferred

on

of

nesday
Wed-

C.

M.

Wright,

James

D.

Edward

M.

Geo.

M.

of

J. E.

Ohio;
W.

Albert

Gray, Ohio;
C. R.

Hoff, Ohio;
M.

Kempton,

Ohio;

J. Fred.

Colorado;

Holt,
Frank

Kruger,
Louis

Morton, Indiana;

Paffenbarger, Ohio;

Seeger, Wisconsin;

F.

Clark, Ohio;
P.

Charles

McPhee,

W.

Trustees.G.

Charles

Kinsey, Indiana;

Ben

Moore,

Pitner, Illinois;William

R.

Harry

following graduates

Cosford, Michigan;

W.

Edgar, Ohio;

Illinois;A.

Olmstead,

the

Ohio;

John

Jackson, Ohio;

Edgar, D. D. S.
was
fifty-five.

Board

the

Chance,

Lloyd, Indiana;

Meyer, Ohio;
T.

session

Robert

King, Pennsylvania;
Carrie

by

S., of

Genslinger, Ohio;
W.

Oregon;

bert

by

for the

Conkey, Wisconsin;

Doerler, Ohio;

Harry

was

D.

Ambi'ose, Illinois; John

L.

College

o'clock.

8

at

delivered

was

Ohio

of the

College Hall, Cincinnati; Ohio,

at

4, 1885,

address

SURGERY.

DENTAL

S.

D.

by

Missouri.

Tainter,

COLLEGE

OHIO
The

Weinmann,

AdelW.

Homer

Jerome

P.

G.

liams,
Wil-

Wisconsin.

VANDERBILT
The

Sixth

Annual

DEAPRTMENT.

DENTAL

UNIVERSITY"

Exercises

Commencement

of

the

Dental

partment
De-

held in the chapel of the
University were
university,Nashville, Tenn., on Wednesday, February 25, 1885.
The
by W. H. Morgan, M. D.,
charge to the class was delivered
the part of the class by George W.
D. D.
on
S., and the address
of

Stokes,
The
The

by

L.

D.

Vanderbilt

D.

number

degree
C.

S.
of matriculates
of D.

Garland,

Arkansas;

Geo.

C.

Alabama;

John

W.

D.

S.

conferred

was

chancellor

Cooper,

for the

of the
M.

Fambrough,

session
on

the

was

fifty-five.

following graduates

university:Charles

F. Barham,

A.
Ellard,
England; Jonathan,
Georgia; Frank H. Field, Georgia;

D.

James

Fraziev,

A.

221

Colleges.

Dental

R.

David

Alabama;

Fred.

Garrison, Texas;

W.

11. Hogshead,
Hays, Kentucky; Wm.
C. Naif, Tennessee;
California; Robt. H. McXair, Mississippi;Wm.
W.
Clarence
Y.
Shoemaker,
Rosser, Georgia; Jessee
Alabama;
Geo.
W.
Lawrence
A.
Smith, Mississippi;
Slaughter, Alabama;

Gradolph, Ohio;

Edwin

Geo.

South

W.

Stokes,

L.

Carolina;

F.

Tynes, Mississippi; Joseph
Weekley, South Carolina; Thomas
A.

South

Williams,
L. D.

Wood,

C.

T.

Taylor, Tennessee; Tyra
Peete, Florida; Pinckney L.
C. West, Mississippi;Sheridan

W.

Lucius

Carolina;

S., R.

John

D.

Wright, Tennessee;
and

S., Edinburg

Ireland,

of

John

Dumfries,

Scotland.
The

ad

eundem
M.

Franklin,

D.,

D.

Third

D.

S., of

D.

OF

UNIVERSITY
The

of

degree

L^niversity of Maryland
Baltimore, Md., on Tuesday,
The
reading of the mandamus
Gorgas, m!

D.,

The

address

annual

DENTAL

Commencement

Annual

D.

conferred

was

on

James

S.

Tennessee.

MARYLAND"

the

S.

S.

D.

of
held

was

March

the

Department of
Academy of Music,

1885.

the

by

was

Dental

the

at

17,

DEPARTMENT.

dean,

Professor

F. J.

S.

D.

delivered

was

by

Professor

R.

Dorsey Coale,

Ph.D.
The
The

by

number

of matriculates

degree

Hon.

S.
A.

Henry

Clinton
P.

Thomas
Edward

W.

S.

D.

Teackle

Madison

John

of D.

was

Wallis,

session

conferred

on

L.

L.

Bradford,

seventy-four.
followinggraduates

was

the

D., provost

Carolina;

Bailey, South

Carlisle, South

for the

Virginia;

E.

Payson

Claude

D.

Carolina; Joseph

W.

of the

university
Beadles, Virginia
Brown, Virginia
Carter-

Missouri

M.

J. Cook, Texas; Willie
Comegys, Tennessee; Frank
dinand
Dorset, Virginia; Joseph Fournier, Jr.,New
York; FerGroshans, Maryland; Charles W.
Hebbel, Maryland; John

Helm, Maryland;

land, Indiana;

Charles

Clarence

H.

Hill, Australia; Ulysses S. HougD.
Howland,
Columbia; A. Hersey
E.

Howlett, Pennsylvania; Peyton Hundley, Virginia;Eli E. Josselyn,
M. D., N. Brunswick; John
S. Kleober, Virginia; Augustus
thews,
MatNorth

Carolinia;

Norwood,

South

Henry

Clay Pitts,

North

James

M.

Ranson,

Robert

T.

Carolina:

McQuown,
Will

W.

Carolina; Capers

Jr., West

Virginia;

Virginia;

Wm.

intosh
Mc-

Parker, Minnesota;
D.

Brooks

Perkins, Georgia;

Rutledge,

South

Archives

The

222

Carolinia; Charles

T.

Schaer, Maryland;

A.

Pennsylvania;
Germany; Floyd J.
Frank
Le Roy Wood,
BALTIMORE

COLLEGE

annual

The

class

D.

Thursday,

on

The

D.

Maine.

OF

Forty-sixth Annual
of Dental
Surgery was
Md.,

Sherman

Wm.

Trapp,
Twitchell, Minnesota; Albert Wangemann,
sin;
WisconF. Wegge,
Welch, Virginia; William

Fred.

The

Dentistry.

of

oration

Commencement
held

of

the

at

March

valedictoryoration

at

p.

m.

L. Wilson.

AVilliam

delivered

K.

Frank

by

lege
Col-

more,
Music, Balti-

of

o'clock

1

Hon.

by

was

Baltimore

the

Academy

5, 1885,

delivered

was

SURGERY.

DENTAL

White,

S,
of matriculates

The

number

The

degree

of D.

S.

D.

Avas

for the

session

conferred

on

dean of
R. B. Winder,
by Professor
Georgia; H. Clay Anders, Maryland;

the

seventy-nine.
followinggraduates

was

the

F.

faculty: Eugene
M.

John

Adair,

Virginia;

Anderson,

Chapuis, France; Thos. L.
Ola B. Comfort, Pennsylvania; E. E. Early, Maryland;
Cobb, Alabama;
cock,
C. H. Gatewood,
Virginia; H. IL Hafer, Georgia; J. E. Han-

J.

Carolina; M.

North
"

Carolina; G.

Bi'eland, South

A.

H.

California; Samuel

Harris, California; L. Hedrick,

Parke

Jones, New

York; J. C. Morgan, Kentucky;

Herbert

Phillips,Massachusetts;C.

Phineas

A.

St.

Araand, South

Maryland;

R.

C.

of the

University

of the

Medical

by

number

The

degree

Department,

Hon.

John

L.

S.

D.

S.

was

the

Dental

delivered
L.

by Robert

Smith, M.

for the
conferred

session
on

Todd,

Department

Nashville, February 24,

at

S.

E.

Maryland.

held, in connection

was

was

of matriculates

B. Anderson,
T.

of Tennessee

of D.

of

Geo.

R.

DEPARTMENT.

DENTAL

S., the valedictoryof Richard
The

Columbia;

Pennsylvania;

Commencement

salutatory address

The

Swartz,

TENNESSEE"

Annual

Seventh

The

A.

Staire, Pennsylvania; Claude

Warfield, Maryland; F. K. White,
OF

UNIVERSITY

Smith, Maryland;

Carolina; N. A. Strait,District
York; J. H.

Sunderlin, New

D.

M.

Sprinkle,Virginia; J.

B.

Carolina;

Richardson, South

G.

Massachusetts; G. Marshall

Sherman,

W,

P.

the

S.

with

that

1885.

Griggs, D.

D.
was

twenty-nine.

following graduates

of Trustees:
uel
SamMoses, president of the Board
Carolinia;
Tennessee; A. Y. Cartwright, South

Cartwright, Kentucky;

Southall

Dickson, Tennessee; George

Miscellany.

AV.

Dodson,
John

M.

Miles

F.

Puckett, Georgia; M.

the

Shelton, Missouri.

E.

COLLEGE

Annual

held

HOSPITAL"

Commencement

of

the

in

Minneapolis, Minn., on the
conferred
degree of D. D. S. was

1885, the

S.

Robert

Glenn, Tennessee;

Carolina; Hardy B. Harrell,
Harper, North
A. Lee, Tennessee;
Johnston, Mississippi;John

MINNESOTA

At

M.

D.

H.

Griggs, Georgia;
Georgia;

James

Tennessee;

223

in

the

Dental

Dwight,

and

Charles

Department:
L. Opsal, all

John

DENTAL

PARTMENT.
DE-

Minnesota

pital,
College Hosevening of February 27,
the following gradon
uates
H.
John
H.
Spaulding,

of Minnesota.

MISCELLANY.

DENTAL

LEGISLATION

IN

An
To

Act

regulate the practiceof dentistry,and
Be it enacted
by the Legislatureof the

Section

That

1.

it shall be

KANSAS

unlawful

violators

punish
State

for any

of.
there-

of Kansas:
to

person

practice

in the state of
practicedentistry or dental surgery
first having received
Kansas, without
a
diploma from the faculty
of some
reputable dental college,school, or universitydepartment,
other
of
the
or
some
duly authorized
by the laws of this state

or

to

attempt

United

States, or

which

college, school,

time

of

of lectures

oourse

Provided,

and

of

foreign government,
universitydepartment, there was

or

such

diploma, annually

instructions

That

in

section

at

the

time

of the

And

in
1

dentistryor
of this

as

to

prevent

act

dental
shall

dental

except

That

nothing

physicians,surgeons

at

delivered

this act,

provided further.

construed

so

of

passage

and

some

nothing
engaged
practiceof dentistryor

provided:
be

of

laws

in the

person
state

issuance

the

the

by

surgery.

apply

to

any

in this

hereinafter

in this act
or

the
full

a

surgery
as

in

others

shall
from

"extractingteeth.
Sec.

2.

A

residents

board

of

tists,
examiners, consistingof four practicingden-

of this state,

is

hereby created,

who

shall

have

Archives

The

224

dental

or

surgery

to

persons

in the state

at

the time

also to decide

and

in the

certificates

issue

authority to

Dentistry.

of

of the

validityof

the

upoa

such

3.

governor,

The

members

and

shall

of the

members

the

Two

follows:

their

until

the

board

board, such
board

Said

4.

the

and

names

secretary thereof, and
oftener, and

much

quorum,

such

at

within

surgery

within

shall

dental

kept for
diploma, or

such

board

said

board

shall issue

duly signed by

Sec.

all

certificate

rightsand
7.

To

this act, said

to
or

a

after

said

of

determine.

holding

such

the

members

person

to

privilegesset forth in
provide for the proper

section

of examiners

be

shall

and

a

of
tificate
cer-

said

board,

it is

issued

of this

act.

of

tistry
den-

of this

passage

for

of

and

board

practice

the

this

name

person

or

record

in

examiners, his

a
or

thereof, the validity of

copy
to

majority of

board.

open

of

said

one

practice, file

essary.
nec-

constitute

her

or

whom

the

one

dentistry

such

to

commence

power

person

to

in

and

year,

passage

in section

forth

with

shall entitle the

board

persons

times

of

members

person

authenticated

the

tered
regis-

deem

all

at

his

cause

each

shall

of the

of the

the

such

purpose,

shall have

all

it may

practice

this state

within

duly

a

shall be

shall issue

shall entitle

in

registeredwith

be

to

majority

commencing

which

the

a

shall be

board

time

the

at

said board

surgery

act, shall,before

which

curring
oc-

by appointment

of

once

said

in the

rights and privilegesset
Any person desiring to

6.
or

her

filled

places,as

thereafter

business

which

certificate

which

Sec.

and

engaged

duly signed by
all the

least

at

times

six months

examiners, upon

book

as

of vacancy

case

business

place of

or

this state

place of

and

residence

to

In

record, in which

a

it shall meet

public inspection.
5.
Every person

and

ofiice

practicedentistry or dental surgery
of its members
president, and

to
one

Sec.

act,

keep

of
majority of the members
and the proceedings thereof

A

dental

their

respectively, and

years

shall be

vagancy

residence

It shall elect

this state.

for

four

for

be

may

provided.

shall hold

appointed

two

shall

this act

under

authorized

a

four

duly aj)pointed.

are

successors

of

as

appointed by the
years, excepting that

shall be

term

a

first

and

board

diplomas

governor.

Sec.

as

for

serve

for two

in said

by

of said

of this act,

passage

hereinafter

as
subsequently presented for registration,

Sec.

practiceof dentistiy

accepted,said

If

diploma
of

board, and
to

all

of this act.

effective
entitled

said

certificate

it is issued

whom
one

a

enforcement
to

the

of

following

225

Miscellany.

fees, to-wit:

For

each

practicein

this state

in the

Sec.

practice
The

8.

duties

of their

from

received

fees

and

of the

state

board

board,

as

he

by

them

Sec.

9.

expenses,

board

the

less than

not

sum

Sec.

This

10.

DEATH
A.

having
dead

in his

that

form

which
washed
The
watchman

we

shall

the

Boston
which

of nitrous
have

been

take

annual

Dr.

by

be

secretary of
time
its

of

received

time

to

ings
proceed-

of December

day

said

of

expenses

report

paid
diem

per

the

shall from

in

thereof
than

more

effect
state

of each

and

ed
disburs-

and

show

S. had

not

state

deemed

be

guilty

fined

hundred

in force

Hotel

evening

his death
as

is

or

first

in

a

dollars.

from

and

ter
af-

paper.

at the

oxide,known
informed

one

be

without

OXIDE.

practicing in Natich, Mass.,

the

that

practicing

by

shall be

NITROUS

Boston,
on

the

this act, shall

dentist

office

this act

within

INHALING

solution
through some
janitorof the building
that

an

violate

nor

statutes

Shurtleff, a

circumstances

board

conviction

dollars

ten

office also

an

shall

upon

FROM

J.

the

of all moneys

provisions of

act

publicationin

Dr.

meeting
the

paid

of this act.
who

and

misdemeanor,

a

pensation
com-

be

time

any

of said

held

practice dentistry

to

at

excess

fifteenth

account

an

person

with

complying

make
the

by

in pursuance

Any

as

shall

be

shall

for

shall

the

provisions of this act,

the

in

monevs

bond

such

governor

attempting

board

other

together with

year,

of said

special fund

a

such

the

to

under

All

receive

duties, shall

of such

board

treasury.

giving

direct, and

of

by

and

allowance,
said

the

age
pass-

day actually engaged in
together with all other legitimate

performance

part of the expenses

no

out

in the

ed
engag-

of the

for each

office,which,

incurred

expenses

time

the

at

not

persons

shall each

board

day

per

state

to

sum

dollars.

of said

members

of this act, the

passage

in

engaged

persons

issued

certificate

of ten

sum

to

of the

dentistry in the

five dollars

of
the

each

of

of this act; the

time

the

at

For

dollars.

of three

issued

certificate

Boylston,
of

was

February
caused

and
fouud

was

26, under

by inhaling

"Mayo's Vegetable Anesthetic,'

simply

nitrous

oxide

that

has

been

of

vegetable compounds.
being informed
by
upon
gone

out

of his

office, at

the

night

about

10

226

The

o'clock
the

p.

entered

M.

floor dead.

by

Aechi\':es

the

The

Dentistry.

of

found

and

room

cylinder was

gas

the

doctor
the

lying upon

his

lying

head, completely emj^ty of gas; the
the inhaler, was
held in the
left hand
with

tube, detached

tightlybetween

attached

the

other

the

wheel

from, the cylinder. The

face

The

the teeth

right hand

held

discolored, but the body

expressed the opinion
The

last

when

time

the

friend

how

with

him.

do

to

left the
was

a

in

by

gas
the

under
reason

fatal

the

as

persons

the

too

is that

o'clock

6

for

a

such

found

took

he

ory.
thethe

Once,

reason.

of

use

it

during

giving himself
free

and

the

tor
doc-

gas.

As

spirituous

the

when

gas

judge rightly in regard to it,
his own
on
part, in taking

to

The

on,

and

writer

been

what

dying

it

the

with

of

result

the

and

educated

intention

of

few

40

years

at

Brown

any

student
and

minutes

cases

in

on

to

and

an

the gas
death

more

with

experiment

old

should

under

themselves

considered

was

himself

still in his mouth

put

to

dentist

dental

many

about

was

a

a

are

attempt

to

student's

that

There

Shurtleff

practicenearly 20 years
practitioner. He was
Europe

in

probabilty

the

from
Dr

the inhaler

like."

was

found

once

with

in all

anesthetic

an

No

himself.

to

gas

administer

to

chloroform.

to

to

of mind

administer

to

condition

have
see

of

tellinghim
that

that

at

When
found
pleasureablesensation it gave him.
slightly
janitorin the act of giving himself gas, he was
is every
there
of something besides
the influence
gas, and
he had
"been
to believe
taking something previous" to the

anesthetized

"to

act

in the

he,

supposed

the office and

entered

gentleman

a

tooth-ache

for

gas

of carelessness

result

circumstances.

would

took

o'clock,

o'clock

5

reason
a

hour.

an

6

doctor

not

known
of

much

for the

attempt

turned

It is

addicted

condition

found

after

right.

complaining

der.
cylin-

very

about

at about

soon

no

was

was

and

away

probable theory

more

undertake

ever

all

been

times

at

was

just the

died

the

went

the

for about

little gas, the

a

it is not

liquors, the
in

says

him

says,

had

doctor

doctor

and

that

probable he
before, the janitorhad
his operating chair and

but

not

friend

suicide,as there is

of

extinct

office door

held

it

physician summoned

alive

seen

from

of
to

deceased

been

close

close to, but disconnected

The

the

friend
he

cold.

was

gave

This

doctor, as
case

weeks

the

That

request,
it.

The

day

doctor

janitor opened

doctor's

the

the

of the

life had

that

course

wrench,

not

was

of

end

one

upon

floor

gas

record

sleep with
had

been

ful
good and successUniversity and went
a

studying medicine,

but

of

abandoned

in

The

228

time

The

without
The

or

used

in

it is

during
of the

the

wound

the

dressing

whole

anaesthetic

a

the

safest the

K.

ly,
perfectdentist

the

Mayo,

own.

icorld has

Wm.

yet

seen.

M.

Thorndike,

D.
St."

Boylston
date, August 15,
92

of these

Both

It
is

be

will

simple

a

but
In

the

second

verbal

who

those
make

should

based

gas,

inference
been

has

Thorndike's

such

It will

be

the

world

has

yet seen."

by reputation, that
regard to the safety of

in
is

belief,and

beyond

the

the

he
this

only

in

Dr.

living

not

the

to

reader

that

of

exactness

ifi the

expression

professionas

the

the

be

Dr.

from

inconsistent

gentleman

a

Thorndike.

H.

line

added

the

charlatan

merest

would

give

of

nothing

nothing

expected

W.

edition

second

and

first

as

contained

and

gas,

to

"Statement"

the

contains

strongest possibleexpression of approval of this gas, such
but

some

even

declaration

proprietors of

to

printedin

As

Thorndike

carefully prepared

very

eminent

so

following added:
the

besides

falsehood.

ajjparent

value

with

Mayo's

find the
the safest

tion
opera-

Gas.

interested
in the
one
possibleis that some
the
dishonest
enough to make
change shown
relying upon the fact that he is
statement,

printed was
much

of

of the

sale of this gas

dispute the

to

value

time

the

at

statement,

single experiment,

a

on

Dr.
a

1883,

the first edition

Thorndike's

changes, we

knew

a

of the

of Dr.

this anaesthetic

printed in

as

occurred

opinion

edition

same

certificate

the

of what
no

expresses

the

operation.

same

that

seen

"I consider
To

the

to

statement

unimportant

bear

statements

refer

both

and

and

operation,

speedily and

prepared by Dr. W.
new
discovery of his

this anesthetic

I consider

and

ill effects

any

was

that

claims

who

influence

the

nausea

agent

it

removing

insensible

was

from

out

came

Dentistey.

of

minutes

patient

The

in

occupied

twenty-two

was

Archives

the

on

test

as

of

the

no
a

one

single

case.

In this communication
the

merits

But
should

be called
use

Thorndike.

to

of

a

this
name

have

not

entered

into

any

discussion

of

anajsthetics.

that

it is proper

fraudulent
H.

of different

I

the

attention

statement

held

that

in such

of

it may

high

Profession

Dental

the

not

honor

be
as

misled
that

by

of Dr.

the
W.

229

Journalistic.

JOURNALISTIC.
'Reading

maketh

a

and

New

A
"

The

Form

The

1.

of

conference,

ready

man;

Teeth

Separating

Filling.

for

teeth

appliances for separating
by the following circumstances:

most

is caused
filling
teeth being narrower

necks

the

at

present used

at

a

man."

exact

an

for

to

material

edges, any
the

failux'e

constant

preparatory

Rubber

op

full man;

writing,

has

a

than

the

at

cutting

to drift towards

tendency

delicate and
nervous
producing irritation,which to some
is unbeai'able,thereby preventing the
time
for
persons
necessary
end, and often failure in insertinga
accomplishing the desired
good tilling.
gum,

The

2.

materials

enable

to

the

usually made
the

of

or

gum,

therefore

used

at

wood, which

soft,uncooked

has

rubber,

unequal

is done

series

a

and

rubber,
the

ing
be-

close

to

scissors;

common

if done,

Separation made

time

saves

and

al
sever-

different

by using

of

with

experiments

I have

found

a

various

kinds

preparation of the

sizes

pain
so

tending
at-

mon.
com-

wood,

of

latter

to

complish
ac-

be
rubber, vulcanized
object. It must
pure
in steel moulds
and
under
steam, without
sulphui*,
great pressure;
but the most
is
in
have
the
rubber
to
important point
lar
trianguwith
the
strips,wedge-shaped, varying in thickness, and
edge
be used near
the gum
round
and smooth.
It
will
be
readily
that

seen

soft
its

home

the
gradually as to prevent in a great manner,
such operations,and entirelyavoid
the irritation

cotton

to

driven

so

After

in

dentist.

the

position,they

with

cut

trol
con-

in

being impossible to cut
by the patient in succession, which,
to

in

sufiicient

strength,and irregularin shape,
consecutive
pieces true enough to be used

them

it

visits

be

to

under

not

are

to place the wedge
{patient

of

making

present

shape

desired

wedge

a

be

or

and

exert

only press
cuttingedge of the
round
wood

of the

edge

gum,

will not

left with

prepared

altered

will

margin

so

great utility. It will

in character

continuous
from

widest
It

sharp edge

as

will

raw

do.

fluids; it will keep

and

by being wedge-shaped,

a

rubber
The

come
be-

oral

not

such

not

the

part,

would

should

irritate

by

pressure,

its

teeth.
and

is of

be

which
driven

thing
cut

is

nearest

too

close

occur,

with

the

the
to

the

smooth,

scissors

stripsbeing prepared

or

in

230

The

different

Archives

Dentistry.

of

thicknesses, the teeth

be

can

gradually

and

almost

lessly
pain-

separated.
In

the
stretch
to
applying the wedge, it is only necessary
strip
between
thin enough to
the
teeth
above
the
just
cutting
pass
it
will
the
it
its
of renot
force
gaining
forcing near
own
edge
by
gum;
"

its
until

originalform
is

pressure

divide

the

exerted.

longer

no

teeth, and

work

its

It will

way

ward
up-

expand

not

its

originalsize in moisture, thereby enabling the
decide
the size to be used.
to definitely
upon
Should
of
it be required to force the gum
beyond the neck
tooth to reveal a cavity,it is only necessary
to place the broad
than

more

against the

Southern

pleasure.
"

Treatment

without

separate

of

trial,and

great

will be

hailed

these
Ferri

Dr.

"

Garretson

In

says:

aa
carbonatis,]

Syrup acaciae,
100.
Ft. pil.No.
Sig. Begin with three

the
face
surness
sore-

with

-

-

-

day,

and

increase

to

ful
use-

so

gr. ccl.

-

q.

a

of

cases

neuralgiasno singleremedy has proved
pills. My prescriptionis as follows:
sulphatisexsic,

Potasii

tist
den-

Journal.

Dental

..nable

unex

i^

to

worthy

Neuralgia.

of
"

as

method

irritation, is

and

the

A

gum.

to

six;

s.

take

M.

"

several

hundred.
serviceable
in paroxremedy that not infrequently proves
ysmal
neuralgia is Duquesnil's preparation of aconitia,in doses of
is felt;but in
grain 1-200, repeated each two hours until numbness
it did no
this case
good.
generally to nothing; here
pillamounts
Brown-Sequard's famous
his own
tried faithfullyby the patienton
it was
prescription. A
A

local

application,commonly

is

a

devised

combination

J. L. Ludlow:

Dr.

by

of great use,

Atropine sulphatis,
~B/,

-

ss.

gr.

gr. iss.

Aconitonse,
'

Olei

tiglii,
ITng. petrolii,
"

Phil.

Med.

Hydrochlorate
the

Times

-

5 ij"

in Southern

of

gtt. ij.

Practitioner.

Cocaine.

Odontological Society of

^-

Great

"

At

the

Britain

December
a

short

meeting
communication

of

231

Journalistic.

read

-was

Mr.

from

Coles

Oakley

Use

the

on

in Dental

Cocaine

of

Surgery.
week

A

I

ago

had

placed

at

disposalVjyMr.

my

Martindale

a

in oil of cloves.
drug cocaine dissolved
quantity of the new
evidence
confirm
the
The
experiments I have been able to make
anaesthetic
its remarkable
had already been
to
which
given as
properties. One applicationof a 20 per cent, solution, will allay
in the dentine; two
sensitiveness
applicationsat an interval of five
minutes
will suspend for a time the sensibilityof an exposed pulp.
small

It has

adequate strength, cocaine
without
tooth
pain. Of this

quantity and
to

remove

of

a

experience,but
surgery.

The

in which

it may

there

be

can

doubt

no

will enable
I have

only point to be decided is in
be most
conveniently used.

the operator

at

present

utility in

its

to

as

in sufficient

used

that, if properly applied and

stated

been

reference

dental
form

the

to

no

in water,

It is soluble

It
glycerine,the essential oils,and chloroform, but not in ether.
efficacious in th'e cavity of a
be most
is quite possible that it may
form. It promises,
tooth if used in powder or in the solid crystalline

however,
directed

be

to

its

to

of forms.
vehicle

best

as

power

its effects

Perhaps

information

used

Woodruff

He

Storer

dressed

with

he

a

same

tried

to

10

per

had

a

10

per

better

but

cent,

he

4

a

own

that

20

a

exposed pulp.
to
give more

had

if

know

ic
anaesthet-

of which

left it for half
the

on

with

effect,and

with

with

the

and

to

of hard

formed

hour, but

no

the

"the

it
he

better

left it for

patient said

an

plication
ap-

percent, solution.

4

vaseline, and

little benefit

ointment

a

sensibility. Next

dentine, but

mixture

with

was
an

as

it useless.

found

begun

solution

cent,

per

had

but

surface

soft

cent,

forty-eighthours,
the

said

effect

no

tried

dentine,

cavity the

way

a

an

present might be able

he had

Bennett

produced
in the

said

solution, and

this

of

sensitiveness

to
subject. He particularlywished
a local
the hydrochlorate of cocaine
as

sensitive

to

Mr.

the

of its

his

that

riety
va-

the

limits

the

added

Hutchinson

a

extraction.

for tooth
Mr.

the

on

had

one

any

be

must

limited; he found, however,

was

members

of the

some

ascertain

once

we

Mr.

removed

solution

cent,

per

exhibition,if

local anesthetic.

experience of

efforts

our

applicationin a variety of cases, as well as in
indicate
Time
and experience will doubtless

for its

a

forms, that

in many

useful

so

had

dentine
rently
appait

applied

result.

left sealed

Then
up

for

patient.Lastly,heapplied
a

ly
week; this certaintooth

felt numbed."

The

232

He

going

was

he

believed

bined

to

Archives

try

had

20

a

been

found

strength of

cent,

per

Dentistry.

of

much

efficacious

more

which

muriate,

the

than

the

uncom-

cocaine.
Walter

Mr.

made,

Coffinsaid

this had

as

he

found

been

trying to get an oleate of cocaine,
be a very good way
of using alkaloids

was

to

generally.
Mr.
for

W.

Hern

said

he

had

lately extracted

lower

a

wisdom

the operation was
followed
ophthalmic surgeon;
In
acute
pain in all three divisions of the fifth nerve.
relieving this he inserted some
drops of a 4 per cent,
an

cocaine

into

Journal

of Dental
E.

Dr.

In

that,

a

or

in

20

per

odor
diseases

that

will

odor
in the

solution

cent,

"

British

of the

tend

teeth

render

to

doubtless

be

of

larynx and

Journal

Journal,
for the

is
and

a

the

Odor

great

lion

and

Dec.

think

it
a

prove

the

to

many

The

"

its

this valuable

di

"Paletzer

in New

Torino

agreeable
dis-

in

u^o

ing
treat-

will

persons

not

therefore
Any suggestion
remedy less objectionablein

cases.

appreciated.

Medica

likely

attacks."

places a

Tonka

emits
cumarine, which
jar; it contains
agreeable odor.
Tarquety adds vanilla and lavender.
has a pleasant smell, and the iodoform
loses none
of
Gazetta

13,

valuable

iodoform

"

lution
so-

I have

nose,

Iodoform.

or
o

mouth,

in such

the

prevent

even

the

of iodoform

Med.

drug. I
preparation, would

weaker

its exhibition

will

the

to

British

for the

Concealing

of

to

writes

in the

says

hay fever, or might

Methods

submit

British

pain.

strength of hydrochlorate of cocaine
practiceshould be 40 per cent, and that

Mackenzie

somewhat

a

remedy

the

on

the

operations "Both

employed

effect

no

of

solution

is oil of cloves.

Morell

1884

that

in dental

use

solvent

Dr.

it had

by very
hope of

Science.

Science

for
best

socket, but

Gregory.,of Cheltenham,

Dental

of

the

the

tooth

Orleans

Med.

bean
a

very

The

ture
mix-

its
and

erties.
prop-

Surg.

Jour.
Billroth
acid

on
as

serviceable.
and

now

the

fluid
antisei:)tic

However,
uses

heard

English
the

Antiseptics.

the

it
of

only

some

surgeons,

irrigationof

the

he

Billroth

which

in

still

his

holds

hands

the

stronger

in the

strength of 2^

per

cent.

eighty

successful

wounds.

ovariotomies,

to

bolic
car-

most

seems

abandoned

who

has

"

solutions,

He

has

done

by

employed nothing but clean water
of this fact, he
Taking note

cently
retain
cer-

for
an-

Journalistic.

shall

he

that

nounces

results

hopes

so

of the

solution, which,

cent,

plain cold-water

a

great continental
is the

Iodoform

1.

1 per

a

obtained, shall be reduced

are

become

to

try

soon

283

and

at

man

effective

most

half per
last.

of

cent., and

The

summed

be

may

surgeon

safest

to

sions
conclulows:
fol-

as

up

all

if favorable

manageable

antiseptics.
Moss,

2.

useful

are

when

turf-mould

there

sublimate

Corrosive

3.

and

wood-wool,

discharges from

are

in dilute

antisepticto wounds, and renders
liable to mercurial
poisoning.
acid, which

Carbolic

is,in very weak

solutions
clean

is known

but

water,

probably

be

cluded),
in-

the wound.

the

to

be

is

dangerous in strong
wound
irrigationas

for

good

as

ones,

should

practicallyinert as
patientand surgeon alike

solution

an

4.

(oakum

better.

no

iodofoi-m, which

applicablein all cases,
and
like a return
looks much
to cleanliness
preantisepticsurgery.
ter's
of Sir Joseph LisBillroth
had not at this time heard
Of course,
ring
recent
discovery of the sero-sublimate; but since this,by insuwill probably render it
the prompt
absorption of the mercury,
all the more
dangerous to the surgeon and nurses, and possiblyfatal
his microbes, the situation is one
from
alike
the patient and
to
draw
but little consolation.
which
Sir Joseph and his disciples
can
the wily bacterium,
Fortune
to be smiling upon
seems
just now
of possibility
that he may
it is not
and
out of the range
yet get
his germicidal foes.
the laugh upon
This, barring the

Carbolic
H.

Acid
writes

Brodnax

Monthly:

I wish

Burned

for

the

to

Surfaces.

Dr.

"

Jilississipj)i
Valley

attention

call the

to

Scalded

and

follows

as

is not

of your

readers

to

a

It
and
scalded
surfaces.
treatingburned
acid applied to a burned
scalded
That
the
or
pure carbolic
relieves all pain and tendency to inflammation.
instantly
mode

new

"

I have

as

skin

of

tried, it

is broken

or

them

with

a

the

and

of which
Mrs,

If there

not.
a

I have

make

to

seems

acid

treated

very
are

made

mop

stick, apply the

edge.

whole

of

a

little difference

blebs

filled with

by tying

all

over

number

the

piece of

a

surface

of them

and

"

Ben.

Medical
to

is

me

this:

surface
So

far

whether
ser"m,

rag
a

on

I

the
uate
evac-

the end

little out

recently,one

or

on

two

I will report:

L.,
of the

an

old

upper

lady,aged 73, weight
surface

of

the

left

400

foot

pounds, scalded the
with
boiling water.

The

234

When

called, the skin
with

soft cloth

the

and

poured

about

that

acid

to

freely over

the

white.

an

with

cover

used.

was

bandage

a

I wash

apply

seems

to

it

act

as

a

a

skin

new

Extracting
while
married

who

years,

passing
in labor

down
about

womb,

but

during

the

and

it

in

past nine

was

few

with
in the
few

back

and

minutes

by

the

of

hours
a

its

the

face
sur-

and

is suppurating,

clean, soft
need

be

the

cloth,
It

had.
and

surface

as-

to

Child.

a

Recently

"

as

a

company,

"

the

of

about

usual

with

me,

part of my

five

tooth

a

that

months.

eight hours,

in the
and

came,

bowels.

I

When

that

womb;
returned

I wanted

cavity.
to

the
the

pain

have

him

that

pain

left the

soon

passed off;
be

said

times

being
cavity in

it filled-r-couldn't

The

chloroform; the doctor

and

it

the

aching?

tooth, to

been

several

He

effect

back

back

pull it, but

to
to

the

paroxysmal, coming
in my
tooth
pain was

The

I said

thing
anyage.
aver-

had

my

aching

was

wanted

to

stop the

but

been

in

dren,
chil-

an

on

in

womb.
he

by

pain beginning

had

The

living

unmarked

gestations are

last

lower

of

mother

labors

in the

chloroform

for several

sick-room, I had,

the

am

terms

it and

on

the

applied

dressing,except
rubbing by clothing,etc.,

Birth

remaining molars,

small, and

something

a

up

lessly
care-

of my

No

hour, the pain suddenly ceased

going just as
physician
my
of but

in

"I

as

the

an

set

left.

"

it did

when
one

came

to

I

back

patient,an intelligentlady, aged about 32
the
most
following to me
singular phe-

My

last

My

on

up

I

instrument

of my

My

unusual.

had

was

edges, turning

pressure

Give

to

she:

dead.

one

under

related
Said

nemnon.

the

to

as

She

the

a

being

was

gone.

solder

a

white,burnt (by the acid), skin stays
it peels off.
port.
it,when
Try it and re-

new,

night

a

daughter

water

hurting
powerful anaesthetic, drying

Tooth

spending

cold

moved
re-

with

remarked

deep purple.

a

existed

fears

surface

She

soldering an

melted

clean, dry with

forms

a

was

pain

has

tringing the vessels; the
until

pain

protect from

to

No

if

around

the

wound

above.

as

and

instant

If the

and

burn

the

acid.

as

In

quantity
instantlyturned

a

In

all

of

wound

dried

raw

felt

eight days.

or

dropped
thumb;

the

minute

a

surface, having been

the

immediately

burn

the

In half

in six

the

from

gone
I

Dentistry.

of

applied as above,

it.

on

was

stocking.

afterward

moment

and

Archives

put

again
no

he

tooth,
and

progress

put

saturated

cotton

to

the

appear

pain
again

was

in
lieved
re-

being

236

The

In this last

edition,the
of

arrangement
while

been

editor

of
that

omitted.

has

also

made

added

illustrations

has

become

Whether

number

of

the

limits

has

also

obsolete

in

changes

many

a

enlarged beyond

are

much

Dentistry.

of

parts, has

number

and
has

the

others

The

text.

Archives

of

and

chapters
original

new

the

been

the

creased,
in-

greatly

therefore

useless

the

weeding out has been as thorough
it might have
been -with profit,
is a question.
as
Additions
have
been made
in every
department of the work,notain
the treatment
of irregularities
of the teeth, in the
bly
lation
manipuof plasticbases for artificial teeth, and
in the grafting of
crowns

natural

upon

Nearly the

roots.

whole

and

literature

all the

new

of

been

dentistryhas
and

processes

laid under

tribution,
con-

presented in

appliances are

this volume.
To

task

the

done

result

the

The

this

is

eleventh

that

and
Dental

have

of

ton, Son

"

for

Co.,

no

vacancy

and

use

their

That

brief

a

this book
That

literature

cannot

respects is what
tion.

we

W.

in

part

in

the

the

the

sincere

Practitioners

and

Barrett, M.

B., M.

London

that

has

superior manner
production of this

thanks

of

both

Students

dents
stu-

R.

C.

tal
S., L. D. S., Den-

St. Louis:

Cloth, Sl.OO.

S.

cine.
Medi-

of

Hospital. Phirladelphia:

be

of

students

have

to

filled

P.

Blakis-

J. H.

impart

will

it is

open

it will be
be

of

a

text-books

practitionersof

Until

students

way

by supplying
and

known.

diseases,that

evident.

and

done,

C. W.

to

which

to

in

deserve

1885.

existed,is well

would

well

bers
Cham-

Co.

for the

book

laborious

hand

and

practitioners.

By Ashly
Surgeon to the

long

their

all concerned

Harris

Surgery

a

done

firm, and

edition

"

the head

to

its predecessors,

of

work.

with

That

is

highly creditable

publishers

usual

edition

greatly superior to either
is to only do simple justiceto the editor.
The
has in the main
been
revisingthis large volume

of

and

that

say

this volume

medicine

medicine

appeared

could

be

that

way

useful

questioned.

to

book
That

others
as

the

a

which

is

there

was

the

teeth

possess.

will follow

pioneer
work

has

referred, that

knowledge concerning
physicians should
necessary

the

tistry
Den-

on

in this line

faulty in

is
of

many

work
might reasonably be expected in an initiatory
thank
the author
for breaking ground in this direc

Bibliographic.

237

of the
in a hasty
imperfectionsnoticed
pointing out some
wish
be
understood
to
as
reading of the volume, we
doing so
dental
interests
of
and
for
in
the
the
of
science,
solely
purpose
contributingto their correction in a future edition, should one
pear.
apIn

author

The

tooth

than

first molar
the

the

and

its central

The

order

for the

in which

deciduous

the

that

as

a

more

ful
use-

the

larger size of
masticatoryposition,would point to
of all,for masticatory purposes.

the

seem

deciduous

teeth

denture; in the lower

upper

molar

permanent

It would

first.

important tooth

most

that

second

regards the

canines

shed

are

the

set

is

fall

before

it

as

correctlystated

order

the

the

differs in

this,

molars.

The

general use of the word "fang" as applied to the "root" of
sounds
American
a tooth
authorities
ears.
harshly upon American
define "fang" as a tusk, a long pointed tooth, a claw
or
talon, or
that by which
hold is taken; and "root"
as
a descending axis; in a
plant,that part which is under ground; or that j^artwhich affords
nourishment
if

by growth
In

support, and

or

development, as
irregularitywhere

or

cases

of

the

author
The

mentions

the

"the
the

first

preference

to

proceeds from
of

root

a

of
the

is to

country

the

anything

as

tooth."

extraction

bicuspids as

practice in this

usual

bicuspids in

which

that

teeth is advisable,
teeth

moved.
re-

the

extract

first,all other

be

to

ond
sec-

things being

equal.
The

of

use

the

"nerve"

term

when

the

pulp is evidentlyspoken
That
claiming to be exact.

in a work
quite inexcusable
the word
ways
"pulp," or the compound word
"nerve-pulp" should albe
when
employed
speaking of the soft body of a tooth,
needs
to gain approval.
only to be mentioned
of

seems

Other

being

minor

must

unnoticed.

pass

considered

we
hypercritical,
protest against the recommendation

our

wool
a

defects

saturated

the

neck

"the

remedy,"
injury.
We

repeat,
for

carbolic

filling.Also

permanent

through

with

we

this

hitherto

The

author

of

we

a

death

when

are

of

glad

feel assured

antiquated
and

the

pulp

the

which

book

into
has

has

its appearance
place in dental

unoccupied
and the publishershave

our

risk

of

entering

fill root-canals

to

tooth

the

at

refrain fi'om

cannot

acid, over

the

sound

Yet

with

is to be

ton
cot-

inserted

of
drilling
process
the pulp chamber
as
followed

been

mechanical

written

will attract
or

medical

sincere

thanks.

and

lished,
pub-

attention

to

literature.
c.

w.

s.

The

238

Archives

of

EDITORIAL

NINTH

NOTES.

INTERNATIONAL

MEDICAL

WASHINGTON,
SECTION

Below
and

Oral

meet

in

ON

the

appears

D.

DENTAL

AND

list of the

Surgery of the Ninth
D.

Washington,

announced.
officially

foresightof

and
and

their

and

a

efforts to

credit

to

our

in

1887.

ORAL

of

SURGERY.

the

of such
reflects

Executive

elect

gentlemen
specialty,should

Section

has

noble

credit

Committee
that

Congress

which
a

would

receive, and

just

body

of

upon

the

of
be

Dental

on

Medical

and

1887,

America

the

C,

officers

selection

of

CONGRESS

International

C.

The

represent the dentists

Dentistry.

to

been

men

to

judgment
Congress,

the

representativeof,
no

doubt

will,the

hearty support of every dentist in the land.
and true," and
The
the honor
gentlemen chosen are "good men
of American
dentistry can be safely entrusted to their keeping.
PRESIDENT.

Cincinnati.

Taft,M. D.,

Jonathan

VICE-PRESIDENTS.

W.

Allport,M. D.,

W.

William
Jacob

H.
L.

Dwindle,

Chicago.
New

M.D.,

Williams, M.

D.,

York.
Boston.

SECRETARIES.

Edward

A.
H.

George

Bogue,

M.

New

D.,

Cushing, M. D.,

York.

Chicago.
COUNCIL.

W.

C. Barrett, M.

Buffalo.

D.,

Thomas

Fillebrown, M.

F. J. S.

Gorgas, M.

D.,

-

-

Maynard, M. D.,
J. McKellops, D. D. S.,
H. Morgan, M. D.,

Edward
H.
W.

C. Newlin
L. D.
James
J. W.

Peirce, D.

Shepard,

D.
D.

Truman,

White,

M.

D.
D.

D.,

D.

Boston.

D.,

S.,

S.,
S.,

-

.

.

.

Baltimore.

Washington.
St. Louis.
Nashville.

Philadelphia.
Boston.

Philadelphia.

Philadelphia

Editorial.

ABRASION.

EROSION"
March

the

At

the

Perry presented a
abraded
by the vigorous

been

idea

this

it

teeth
effort

the

remark

were

at

by a brush
subject.
brushing
dental

We

teeth, and

the

tissues

the

of

gives but
"agents with

key

note

teeth

then

And

side"

the

little

such

connect

to

condition,

the unfortunate

made
teeth
them

the

whole

vigorous
of the

waste

such

any
the

sions
ero-

or

diate
imme-

essential

shall

mately
ulti-

not

we

side

systemic

tor
fac-

of

the

latter is found

to

far

so

as

"

know

we

ing
generally goes on, notwithstandof such
sult
injunctions,and the re-

process

reason

to

such

to

as

mechanical
cause

and

or

chemical

effect.
J. M.

ABOUT

TERATOM

A

if

on

abrasions

of

to

effects

the

neither

traced

be

process?

other

which

produce

of the

obedience

sedulous

most

such

produced

the
predisposition? When
interdict excitingcauses
course

them, but the destructive
the

be

the

must

opposed

Kingsley

in

instances

cannot

the

Dr.

had

lathe, even

a

cases

can

numerous

condition

at

the

many

fruits

which

seen

look

to

combat

we

in

acid

yet

be

to

peculiar destructive

learn

"exist

are

is not

in this

to

of

when

effects could

seems

that

eating

nor

cause;

teeth

know

As

on

condition

the

on

such

This

not.

or

brush-wheel

a

said

he

stiff brush.

a

long time;

a

depended

time, whether

which

impossible to produce

was

for

Odontological Society,

teeth

of

of

use

with

mouth,

it

that

it

that

continued

was

the

of

the

of

out

the

said

was

York

New

model

G.

S.

Dr.

on

of

meeting

239

THE

OF

H.

HYPOPHYSIS

CEREBRI.
Dr.

Beck

Hugo
A

the

size of

consisted
and
and

in

a

of

a

frame-work

cholesterine, a

that of
both

The

a

of

to

pea

and

had
that

of

amount

they were
of a grain

a

mation.
malforabout

tumor

hypophysis

and

cus
stringy mucartilaginous substance

teeth.
of

rare

corn.

a

macroscopically
Their

They

sizes

and

varied

were

teeth

found

ited
exhib-

enamel.
in which

the

teeth

were

periosteum. There is no doubt that the
to early derangement
during uterine Itfe.

of
due

of

this

meshes, besides

that
that

age

found, which

were

cavities

the

structure
was

large

masses

dentine

walls

the

in whose

of

case

seventy-four years of
walnut, that occupied the place

showed
microscopically

with

a

woman

yellow bony

from

Prague publishes

formation
mal-

The

240

Archives

Dentistry.

or

OPERATIVE

row,
finishingapproximal fillings especiallygold the use of narwill
lapping
remove
thin, pointed blades,
by cutting,surplus,over-

In

"

"

material, which

who

those
will

their

be

a

revelation.

otherwise

margin,

decay.

One

One

right angle,

the

best

A

powders.
by

thin

flour will

corundum

the

treatment

a

will

corundum

carry

is

best

blunt

a

looselyplaced
used

in this way
than
of

tried

A

lamp

a

canal

root
acts

method,

mixture.

be

dipped

in

as

but

a

after

for

the

through

plasticpiston

Many,
there

no

may

and

doubt,
be

many

have

the

latter

with

the

has

much

realized

others

who

been

let
percha pelfective
ef-

more

the
have

dition
expenot

H.

burning in a common
and bisulphide of carbon.
of equal parts of benzine
is abundantly given off in the
burning of
vapor

disinfectinglamp
acid

a

than

gutta
is

of

means

larger
the

The

cotton.

on

pose.
pur-

fistula,the

with

medicament

the

for

seen,

J. M.

mixture

Sulphurous
the

instrument,

it.

Simple

can

iron,

forcing an antisepticmedicament
out
through the fistula,is by

"pumping."

this

cutting

have

we

abscess

alveolar

other

of

in the

of

most

cutting

metal

and
apical foramen
base-plategutta percha somewhat
pelletof warm
be quickly pressed into
cavity. This should

finger, or

bent

one,

and

wet

disk"

the

perhaps

chronic

the

of

thin

soft

or

when

"diamond

any

or

copper,

time, and

short

equal

of

and

will do

cut,

the

at

in renewal

best, for

the

not

aluminum,

of

very

method

effective

most

if

materials,

Aluminum

all purposes.

In

in

one

any

material

result

pull

a

find

handle,

the

probably
a
filling,

instruments.

these

disk

with

make

to

and

finished

will

to

of

surface

debris,

in line

as

so

soft metal, which

disks, is
made

of

required
of

retain

perfectly

than

common

more

result

the

manner,

finishing

have

they

If

remove.

in

knives

files,

of

use

fail to

after

overlapping

must

thorough

will

such

way,

usual
is

an

which

blade

a

work

in their

with

good,

at

this

Nothing

cervical

nearly

in

work

their satisfaction

used

thus

not

to

patient and

most

polishing tapes

have

test

the

and

disks,

scrapers,

the

NOTES.

is formed

by

omE

Archives of Dentistry.
J
A

Record

Monthly

n., No.

Vol.

JUNE,

6.]

Of

all the

THE

In

SHAW,

of

disregard
but

all scientific
is

there
than

conditions

the

and

have
when

I

have
in

they

Africans,

settled
It is
of
in

I will

others
on

a

will
a

Americ

solid

favorite

American

in

are

and

parts
of

parts

follow

than

less

most

value

for

of

the

into

as

and

well

as

with

their

the

and

a

and

of
of

the

of

norance
ig-

purpose.
the

cans
Amerifrom

people

woolly-haired
and

conclusions,

experience

And

result

settled

teeth
of

facts,

teeth.

the

teeth

some

observations

my

the

the

text-books,

our

for

in

which

on

of

the

merely

observing

Union,

of

pearances
ap-

one

subject

no

knowledge

cases

by

fundamental

a

misrepresentations

Europe,

record

with

judge

"not

is

there

until

this

hope
is

matter

basis.
way

in

Europe

of

accounting
that

dentistry by assuming
a

is

incorporated

opportunities

different

different

that

had

should

we

comparative

become

prejudice,
As

that

assertion,

dogmatic

current,

pass

law

great

ENGLAND.

S., MANCHESTER,

D.

investigations), perhaps

assertions

these

D.

PEOPLE.

I'ighteously" (which

judge

more

on

the

excel,
writing well."

wise
is

DIFFERENT

OF

PARSONS

the

in which

chief masterpiece

TEETH

BY

Series.

[New

ARTICLES.

arts

Nature's

Art.

and

1885.

ORIGINAL
"

Science

Dental

of

elsewhere,

owing

to

the

dentists
more

for

the
are

superiority
more

rapid decay

needed
of

the

242

The

teeth.

"When

Archives

Dentistry.

of

meaning of this assump
It
tion, we find it to be only a part and parcel of a great system.
is taken
for granted by European authorities
that
everything must
be wrong
in America, as the government,
fiscal policy,social life,
on
a
religionand morals are, according to their views, all based
false foundation.
And
then it is argued that, as
under
pernicious
institutions

people

no

gradual decay
The

few

of

the

Puritans
The

the

of

blood

but

climate;

in

real

apparent is owing,

more

in

by
is

and

meaning,

views

these

quite

so

he

of

settled

a

the

has

fact.

average

suspicion

no

out
with-

them

adopt
investigationsit

too

to

apt

the

assured,

are

we

When

emigration.

with

in contact

as

tribute
at-

ation
degener-

the

descendants

brought

comes

their

the

a

ly.
physical-

institutions

American

to

find

to

and

politically,
morally

deterioration

it is not

why

American

natural

general,and of the
particular,is almost universallytaken

in

new

-

is,therefore,

it

quite condemn

Americans

reason

to

the

prosper,

do not

this assumed
of

can

Americans,

the

who

understand

to

get

we

is usually
begins to make
his foreign patients,by whom
either
he is misled
through
among
their preconceived notions
of American
ceit.
degeneracy, or their conIt comes
in this way.
know
the
teeth
about
We
decay a
reflection.

deal

great

before

thing

for them

when

the

more

for
to

their

say

It is

years.

his first

have

live somewhere

and

decay

all round

there.
of

been

from

man

until

compass.

It

the

and

that

His

decay

in if he
notions

American

in his

had

never

which

do

he

the

he

in

based

upon

the

to

the

he

reason

he

went

to

is

South

the

to

came

had
and

he

speck

a

it goes

so

when
until

pened
hap-

dentist

a

the

never

evidence

came

same

until

he

all sound

were

decay
of

been

South;

into the

is,therefore, no

teeth, and

that

from

avows

practice

until he

the

when

decaying,

in my

here

For

man

sound

went

are

had

common

months,

been

decayed

never

North

not

came

a

few

a

they
experience
never
decayed

teeth.

and

it is

have

his

his teeth

teeth

assurances

he

within

never

all

the

gone

and

of

were

it,and

after

was

his teeth

his teeth

tells the

America,

his teeth

the

on

it

England;

of

out

common

toothache,

is certain

Englishman

of

have

his teeth

real condition

the

equally cei'tain

a

of

aware

slightestinvestigationshows

ascertain

North;

are

teeth

me
foreigner to assure
England, simply because

the

do

patients

a

to

to

to

less,for

or

if he

Or

the

eigner
forto

came

"old

country" as they
ignorance of the progress

condition

they

would

emigrated, strengthened by the
of his patriotic bounce.
out
grew

have
ceived
preconIn

so

The

244

in every

transaction

favor.

The

is that

those

work,

at

are

inevitable

result

who

the

sink

laws

as

it.

And

got elevated

have

luck, to maintain
fortunate
that

which

to

they resort,
of
of

means

when

a

slass rises to

and

because

they

are

modes
but

and

physicallaws;
of

wedded

of

there
stances
circumgether
alto-

not

that

scale

social

the

lower

mere

certain

whole,

classes

sumption.
as-

ly
eventualthat

remains

and

the

on

and

less

less

imagine

to

which

the

their

manently
per-

the

great

remain

such

dices,
opinions, appetites,instincts, preju-

to

and

thought

the

order

system

none

they obey,

it is because

there
moral

top of

the

lead

devices

low

the

to

apt

same

these

they are only a part of
degrades; and it remains

more

selection,if

are

the

But
still

set

true

unpreventable

this natural

fellows

by

It is

scale.

life

of

orders
strugglesof such of the lower
stroke
of
their real
sphere by some
numerabl
in their unnatural
positionby the in-

of

out

lifted up

are

men

social

the

aside

the

unreflective

and

of

themselves

devices

physical laws
habituallydisregard either

who

set

named

I have

and

times, unexpected and
to

conferring the

are

selection

natural

mental, moral

bottom

appear

defy

of the

those

the

all

at

which
to

obey
to

Dentistey.

or

life,that it is they who

of

top, while

arise to the
these

AKcnrv^ES

of

ways

life

which

elevate,

cannot

found
with
the foregoing,I have
degrade. In accordance
classes, all
those who
belong, by inheritance, to the upper
ally!
Europe, are in almost every way the superiors,mentally, morThe
orders.
and physically,of the permanently lower
lish
Eng-

must

that
over

fellow at everything,
gentleman has always beaten the common
all classes
countries
to which
especiallyin roughing it in the new
It is
have
emigrated from the beginning of the English colonies.
of Europe, and of
of the very best blood
the descendants
because
and
reaped
England in particular,have dug and delved and sowed
from
to

Maine
labor

to

Georgia

for

in all parts of

two

over

America

have
the
we
intelligence,that
cannot
thought and feeling. You
of a refined and
out
gentle nature.

centuries, and

by uniting it

to

still

ty
give digniand

refinement

American
of
elevating tone
create
a "gentle" man
except

Wealth,

the

versity,
Uni-

tailor,the

"society" can only put on a transparent surface polish
if there is not the hereditary elevating instinct which
nothing can
or
invariablygo back, sooner
smother; and the snob's descendants
which
he
when, for a certainty,
later,to the class from
sprung;
and

their

last state
mistake

to

is

worse

suppose

than
the

their

first.

peasantry

It

of any

is, therefore,
country

have

an

tire
en-

better

teeth

the

than

gentry,

other

quite the

respect their

in any

are

The

way.

middle

lower, and

or

are

ivided

Adam

Smith

English

classes,

245

Articles.

Original

as

or,

the

into

is

It

superior.

upper,

puts it,into those

by rents on land, those who live by labor, and those who
class is distinguishedby simplicityof
by profits. The
upper
and of personal living, cleanliness, hi^h
integrity, and
live

who
live
manners

great frugality. With

diet, they
of the

people

are

class

lower

and

strong

very

food

their

eat

ple
sim-

a

teeth.

excellent

have

uncleanly,

are

exercise, and

air and

fresh

plenty of

The

miserably

passionatelyfond of dainties, are imprudent in all their
lay out
doings, and so improvident that, as a rule, they cannot
but
their earnings so as to make
them
a single week,
spread over
cooked,

are

food

want

before

the

simple diet, and
of

their

instincts,
lower

orders

have

working
to spend

that

they

race,

made

in
bad

have

teeth.

fi'om

up

middle

The

all ranks

and

in

England as in the
immense
changes in

causes

be the

may
of

lord.

a

class
the

bad

are

I have

known

among

the

general
the

can

poor
artisans

average

say
teeth

natural

to

I have

pretty in youth, but

go
seen

been
ever
soon

met

in

decay.

large teeth, as do most
them
fairlywell so long as they live
bread.
But
some
they are deficient
stamina, and if attacked
by decay
class

of Germans

have

be the

low

a

dle
mid-

the

very

that

suppose

grandson
best

good

Welsh

The

the

family,

for
and

They

The

lowest

inferior
out

pearly

are

class

and

mans
Ger-

of

people, which

of doors

the
have

peasantry

Europe.

to

because

the

giving.

as

profit

of all

the

is from

is

longest pedigree;
It is only
splendid teeth.

with

have

upper

to

chant,
mer-

class

find in

we

of teeth, from

mistake

the

great merchant

The
may

that

patient

the

I have

I have

a

of

This

etc.

generation.

conditions

It will be

we

poorest teeth

and

and

sorts

thoroughly mongrel

a

his clerk

is

consequence

uncertainties

The

and

but

is,therefore,

It
all

each

The

It consists

classes.

colonies.

laborer

farm

a

poorest.

very

teeth

of

son

is

class

tradesman,

farmer, professionalman,
mixed

by living in large
all, by having good

intensified

are

above
impure air^ and
indulging their appetites.

in

tisans
ar-

efits,
ben-

compensating

these

not

sults
re-

the

But

teeth.

a

evil

the

overcome

fairly good

have

and

have

necessity

dire

from

somewhat

the effects of their faults

and

wages

air, and

fresh

borers
agriculturalla-

The

in.

come

wages

in consequence

the

among

towns,

of

plenty

get

new

eat

serve

Avhole-

little
but
vitality, have
crumble
rapidly. The
away
in

teeth,

but

not

so

vital

as

the

246

The

Archives

Americans.
English or the
Magitot) have teeth much

Dentistry.

of

French

The
like

the

Gothic

of

Germans;

but

origin (see

those

Keltic

of

There
doubt
that
be
cannot
a
vastly better teeth.
the pre-historicpeople of Europe
had the best
the
Kelts
among
teeth.
Irish are
The
a
curiouslymixed
people. The
peasantry,
who
the descendants
of the aborigines,have
are
large,and
coarse,
settled
All
around
the coast
of Ireland
there
not
good teeth.
in ancient
their descendants
have
times, the Northmen, and
good

origin have

and

strong teeth.

are

English in origin than is admitted, and
the English, The
North
of
Ireland

like

Scotch
There

descent,
is

even

Then

and
a

between

here

find

we

different

good teeth, and better
higher classes of Scotland
in structure, and

much

very

largerproportion of

good,

classes.

than

his

teeth

vital

peasant

In

highly organized.

all

fine in

of

teeth.
in

land
Eng-

has

ly
fair-

than

English neighbor.
teeth

much

wholly

and

Scotch

Irish

the
are

is almost

in Scotland

The

find the

we

their

strong,

difference

marked

more

the

a

the

Among

form, compact
racy
aristoc-

probabilitythe

Europe. The Danes, Swedes,
The
and Norwegians,
fine teeth.
have
being a superior race,
The
Spanish teeth decay early,and the Portugese still sooner.
Greeks
the real Greeks) have
good teeth, as a rule. They
(I mean
Arabs.
do
Turks
and
well with the English, and so
the
compare
What
had
with the wooly-haired Africans
little experience I have
of Scotland

shows
is
do

so

is the finest

they have very poor and
persistentlyasserted, with

these

take

the

any

other

teeth

with

compare

trouble

make

to

conclusion

in

race

dark

American's?

than

that,

for

in

dentistryflourishes
are

the

unusually
very

bad

and

opposite reason.

present

a

much

very

people, of those which
operations. The
proper
in other

be
more

saved

the

among

by

the

dentists

in

same

ot

structure,

other

not

than

usual

It is because

the

great drawback
is found

better

And

in the

the

as

the

can

because

of

the

teeth

attention,but
of

the

American's.

from
cans
Ameri-

the

other

of

by
dentistry
save

conservative
fact that

the

of

tive
conserva-

because

teeth

to

vitality,are

classes, relativelypoorer,

skill

America

to

will

come

teeth

and

people.

country,

more

the

whole,

that
larger proportion, than
the dejitist can
experience shows

parts of the world

excepting

that

need

the

on

think

as

how

who

man

will I

observations

strength,fineness
of any
decidedly superior to those

American's,

No

white,
Now,

unusually large roots.

the

careful

yellow teeth, not

teeth
and
There

are,

cannot
are

general superiorityof

Original

the

natural

teeth, the

which

with

ease

other

in most
of

the

this is

dentistrywill remain,

And

accomplished.

nature

population,to

great

extent

been,

the

a

very

for

means

comparative

the

and

them,

save

of the

it always has

what

to

parts of the world, because
of the

mass

desire

247

Articles.

supplying

teeth

of the

much

very

false

the inevitable

ones.

ROOM

BY

minds

Those
and

their

allow

there

were

the

on

of
It

is not

of

score

led
on

this

the

Ou

in

of

It is

of

who

all such

a

Let

many
it?

us

who

aside

many

intentions

laudable

efforts

and

last

have

that
claim

a

feel thankful

we

for

as

the

is not

yet

won,

appreciationof

proper

of the

the progress

upon

invite

goal

especialattention

to

the

the

ideal

this fact may
art

aud

not

cise
exer-

in the immediate

following brief

the

marks.
re-

ble
valuaof the most
engine," one
additions
made
been
that has
to
operative dentistry. How
dentists now
in actual practicewould
be willingto do without
I apprehend that, notwithstanding its many
disadvantages,no

one

not

would

that

improvements
professionduring the

acknowledge,

that the

potent influence

future, we

ladder.

notable

successful

so

suit
pur-

inventors
both
to
expressing our esteem
with
untiringdiligencehave placed within
valuable
auxiliaries
now
as
we
enjoy.

plain,however

yet reached; and,

to

top of the

the

at

the

contrary,

proud

are

we

the

in every

dentistryas

dental

the

respects

many

manufacturers,

of

progress

opportunity

reach

is

years.

which

us

In

art.

fluence
in-

its beneficent

exercise

to

plenty of room
design to decry the

our

these

to

of the

and

droop

to

gratitude not
cents, ought not
as
though
wane,

of

and

dollars

heart

professionat

debt

a

of

occasion

further

there

marked

have

already owes

vulgar terms
inventive
genius

progress

good,

of the dental

the interest

the

no

GA.

SAVANNAH,

BEST,

H.

dentist

every

representable in
to

A.

DR.

that have

whom

to

IMPROVEMENT.

FOR

begin

has

with

become

the

"dental

familiar

until

find

something better
serious objection to

varieties

contrary, it must

of dental
be

the

use

would

special features
at

that

present
the

prefer

to

in its stead.

offered

shall be

engines

admitted

its

with

on

the

advantages

lay
We

presented in
market;
obtained

it
do

the

on

the

by

spe-

248

The

cific forms

Archives

Dentistry.

of

of construction

iences
the inconvenconsiderably overbalance
occasioned
thereby. But this very fact of a compromise
between
desirable
and prejudicial features
sufficient
is evidence
to establish
the truth of oar
propositionthat "the end is not yet."
For instance, take the suspension engine: It
has one
powerful
to the operarecommendation, that of being at all times convenient
tor
without
in any way
of
his
side
the
movements
at
incommoding
the

chair.

always

an

eyes,

or

lack

The

many

overcome

but

to

form

the

yet

way,

would

capitaladvantage

of dental

the

side of the

operators

some

this form

forms

of

less familiar

is far from

engine

engines that are
operating chair,
all.

At

against it,

urge

intended
and

ideal.

the
to

occupy

right

usually the

first

to
sight they seem
the objections brought against the
suspension engine,
accomplish this, they resign the advantages peculiarto that
more

of

In

which

that

position at
are

of power

admit

must

we

side

This

reach.

easy

of

out

counterbalanced
not
fortunate
preference,if it was
by the unthe ceilingor
objectionthat the engine must hang from
the
unsightly crane
constantlybefore
unlucky patient's
his
like
Add
the
sword
of
Damocles.
head,
dangle over

this the

and

hand, it rises

it the

from

to

his

from

within

remains

insure

a

Released

or

construction, and

the

first

the

place,
means
i'equired;the

to

must

latter

contend

style

with

of

defects

engine

may

of their
have

own.

all

the

that power
is conveyed are
by which
such that its utility is greatly lessened, and
freedom
of movement,
essential pre-requisite,
much
trammeled.
usually an
very
Another
forces itself upon
the notice
very serious objection,which

power

of all who
the

use

a

Wilkerson

feet of the chair

present

absolutelyimpossible
for

use.

to

either

to

the

in the

placing of

get the latter into
be

a

which

engine so that it
position convenient

the

the

brought so near
an
auxiliary,or

obstruction

operator

that

is

it is

else too
far toward
the
impediment as
window
to permit of
thoroughly
easy manipulation. Again, any
practicaldental engine ought not to be of a nature
requiring its
removal
from
in use.
This nenot
cessity
positionbeside the chair when
half
the
for
the utilityof
device;
really destroys
though it
as

may

much

It must

chair, consists

seem

an

a

trifle to

a

casual

observer

that

a

dental

engine weighing

fiftyto seventy-fivepounds needs to be lifted to and from the chair,
times a day
yet the repetitionof this effort,perhaps half a hundred
that
of simple physical labor
amounts
to so great a waste
many
thoughtful operators would rather forego the adv^antages of this

Original,

249

engine, if the services required of it
indispensable.
various
stylesof electric engines, and

of

form

The

by

run

water

power,

in

come

forces,however, do

motive

without
the

Articles.

that

agents

which

imposing

continual

a

a

the

penalty

is

power
anxious

of

dental

are

to

Such

servitude
few

but

procurable; while

attention

engines

slavery of propulsion,

of greater

There

lutely
abso-

appear

attention.

the

battery

solutions,jars,zincs,carbons, connections, etc.,

quite unadvisable

not

also

our

from

us

genei'ate the power.

sufficient water

means

share

free

not

us

on

for

do

a

to

in

towns

"electricity"
and

chemicals,
which

care

it

is

sistant.
delegate to the intelligenceof the average asout
Were
it, however, possible to utilize these agents withthe
with them, then many
of
disadvantages usually associated
Xumerous
ures
featmanifest
lose their force.
objections would
onstrate
demwhich
the various engines present,clearly
utility
ofpractical

the

to

of aggregatinggood qualities,
to arrive
so
as
possibility
and practicalapplication much
at something in construction
er
nearend than any contrivance
hitherto
made
the desired
public.
In the foregoing remarks, it has not been
aim
to
enumerate
our
all the advantages or disadvantages peculiar to
special styles of
the

construction, nor
it

exhibit

to

terms,

thought only necessary
and to avoid
giving our

aspect

which

as

was

We

might

that
such

under

the

to

observation

the
in

matter

of

anything

other;

general
a

critical

circumstances

any

be

glad

to

see

the

stated

engine.
the first place it

should

It should

be

at

operator
in the

always

face, nor

in size
see

picked

up

power

to

would

not

engine

be

attracted

conclusion,

we

of

positve power.
reach

easy

the

stare

his head.
spiritover
view; the hand-piece neither
an

evil

in

of the

patient

The

ing
work-

able
objectionshould

(in fact,we

movement

the bracket

so

within

neither

must

constructed

so

and

like

hand-piece could be
other instrument) and the
attention
of the
patient

that

just like any
silentlyapplied that the

from
be

from

trammelled

nor

dental

a

like

hover

chair

it

abundance

an

possess

at the

time;' but

any

parts concealed

In

to refer

with

generally appreciated, as we could then hope
would
itself.
It is in some
assert
some
dispositionto advance
to
hope that we venture
suggest the requisites of the ideal
above

dental
In

contrast

one

misconstrued.

should, however,

facts

to

be

in

the

the

thereby.

admit

that

our

requisitionsfor

the

ideal

are

The

250

rather

high;

but

for the

being

not

to hit the

in mind

rules

the

that

elevated

long-

govern

that it is necessary

unaware

have

earth-attraction,we

Dentistry.

of

borne

have

we

practice,and

range

Archh^es

allow

to

aim, hoping thereby

our

mark.

TRANSLATIONS.

TREATMENT

THE
About
C.

the

has

a

this article

the

writes:

he

tools which
on

steel

in

FOR

TOOLS.
drills

making

Zeitschrift

f.

and

burs,

Instrumenten-Kunde,

interestingarticle.

very

In

STEEL

Berlin, in the

of

Reichel,

of

treatment

OF

used

are

The
for the

which

treatment

and

endurance

working

the

steel

of

tain
strength of cermetal
tially
depends essen-

the

undergoes during

ing
forg-

hardening. The working of steel for tools which have to
not
to be done
in turning,boring, and drilling,
to me
serve
appears
is very
bitrary.
arirregular and
according to fixed rules; the treatment
and

The

will enable

which

rules

view

seems

annealed

is

The

tools.
not

been

this

opinion
the

be

experience of

the

hardness

they could
permit them to

not

of the metal
tools

and

few

a

simple

enduring
which

has
to

oppose

ing
occurring in the trade, while havexceedingly tough, but these cannot

all files

glass are

would

become

so

soft

by

ing
overheat-

Their
shape would
required work.
rior
conduct
the heat quickly enough into the intetoo soft; also the engraver's
they would become
do

not

with

possess,

to

me

produce resistingand
steel
be wide-spread, that
to
breaks
easily. I
very brittle and

annealed; their sharp teeth
that

led

to

one

any

fact that
of

has

years

many

their

the

original,not

"

hardness, such

annealed

a

preference for burs
them
properly by grinding. They do not
the cutting edges are
on
chip, although severely taxed; fractures
This
in the treatment.
can
mostly be explained by errors
rare, and
the quality of the steel
the brand
resistance
does not depend on
or

degi-ee of toughness
after having shaped

alone; the best
and

then

the

steel may

tools

made

quality of files,etc., and
that

the

establishments

I

that

be
of

use

them

spoiled by
it

their
where

possess
uniform

they

are

with

wrong

only
looks

in

treatment

little
allow

manufactured

strength.
us

to

fire,
The

conclude

for the trade

252

The

tention
To
In

to

the

avoidance

heat

the

steel I

such

red

flame

a

hot

and

Archives

damage

no

suffices
the

to

of

excess

for

A

gas

should

be

and

expose

for moments

oxides
To

does

layer of

such
oxidize

not

oxides

the

steel with

red

flame.
it carries
the flame

is
of

form

an

that

which

prevents

for that

purpose,

air,else it will flicker

piece;but

air is

steel and

good

without

contain

cannot

surface

flame

hot

unburned

the

its

on

kerosene

or

flame

a

protected against currents

is thus

imperfection.

can

Furthermore,

but

of

of

sources

a

hence

oxygen,

piece of

two

only take the temperature of
be
exceeded
hardening; it cannot

steel.

especiallyharmful
rapid cooling.

these

strongly smoking carbonaceous
take place so long as
overheating can
use

carbon, the steel

this

hot

of

Dentistry.

of

of the

contact

every

harmful, because

the

layer

formed.

determine

if the

has been
obtained, I
right temperature
As soon
the
blacken,before heating, the pieces to be hardened.
as
is reached
soot
and
the
begins to disappear,red hot temperature
be done
as
cooling must
quickly as possible. Distilled pure rain
or

river

acid

water

excellent

is

facilitates

the

for

muriatic
cooling; acidifying with
tools are
prepared in this manner
and need
the
no
annealing. With
can
designated,one
only harden

If

process.

they possess a tough hardness
ordinary flame of the materials
small

To

objects.
pieces in this
would

have
seems

be

fanned

form

and

method,

construct

into

a

muffle

remunerative

carbonaceous

a

larger
One

task.

large flame

osene
ker-

"

the flame
to
especially suited for this purpose
To harden
by a lightblast.
large tools of complicated
known
a well
apt to change shape in hardening, I use
and
low
to bring all the
as
a
so
piecesupon as uniform
"

possible.
pieces are packed into
as

surrounded
old
charcoal

a

heat

to

apparatus

be

to

temperature
The

be

might

manner,

direct

to

suitable

a

with

leather.

boxes

sheet

iron

and

are

pieces of charcoal, obtained

small
This

of

box

is then

introduced

into

pletely
com-

by
a

bonizing
car-

low

slowly heated through and through. The pieces
therein
are
effectuallyprotected against high or uneven
tures.
temperaThe
be done
eral
as
quickly as- possible. If sevcooling must
ening
pieces are in the box, the latter may be emptied into the hardor
warping is
water,
by turning it over; a change of form
rare,

a

This
coal

fire and

still.
bursting rarer
method
of using leather

contains

cyanides; at

red

coal
heat

has

another

they

become

advantage: This
decomposed in

253

Translations.

which

nitrogeneouscarbon
commercial

of the

coal

leather

coarse

meal, it has the

fine bone

with

them

a

into combination

partly enters

of the steel. Instead

surface

surround

steel and

pieces of

-vvith the

contact

with

some

the
the

use

chemically,but

action

same

layer of

disadvantages: The powder is apt to remain upon the
It is
and thereby prevent rapidmoistening by the water.
difficult to heat it all evenly to the same
temperature because
some

is

a

conductor

poor

In the

and

I

seems

heat.

just described, by packing in leather coal, I have
low
circular f raises; the hardening mixture
was
blubber, talthey cut glass easily.
wax;
the hardening fluid.
important to discuss somewhat
but

employ hardly anything

does

contain

not

If such

layer.

only

immersed

The

it is

when

of

used;

even

of

carbonate
with

a

the

is of

water
100

bonate
car-

poorly conducting

it is

of

water

This

lime.

good to boil
cooled, a
sufficiently

obtained

temperature
is

Clearwater

no

which

is, water

that

water,

pieces

be

cannot

using,adding

acid.

j^ure

alkali,at least
the

covers

before

it

manner

hardened

It

of

face
sur-

also

the

water

little muriatic

little account

C. hardens

if

well.

of fat of little value.
experience I consider the use
is considerably increased,
It has no particular advantages while the cost
If a large
be hardened.
to
chieflyif large pieces are
of red
hot
lead has
number
of pieces are to be hardened, a bath
exceeds
the latter
the advantage of the
coal packing, and
even
careful
One
be
with regard to uniformity of temperature.
must
from
in taking the pieces from
the molten
lead, to protect them
oxydizing when cooling. A good preventive is a thick mixture of
fore
Besalt,ferrocyanideof potassium and water.
rye meal, common
which
the pieces are
dipped into the liquidlead, the mixture
is spread on must
be perfectlydry.
Instruments
that
are
rapidly as drills and screw
usuallyworn
From

my

taps, I have
fifteen

to

twenty

Boxes
drilled

of

by

diameter
sides.

subjectedto

means

of
The

cast

the
cast

In conclusion
follow

in the

1. The
soot

hard

usage

upon

cast

iron

and

steel

for

hardening in this manner.
the
have
been
steel of
following dimensions
of these cylinder drills;length of the hole 13 cm."
The
holes showed
8 mm.
same
brightlypolished
annealed
before
steel was
not
drilling.
which
I
I wish to place in order the simple rules
years,

manufacture

steel must

be

after

of
heated

my

only

justbegins to disappear.

instruments:

own

to

a

dark

red

heat, at which

254

The

2. The
a

red

hot

carbonaceous

Akchives

flame

ought

be

to

rapidly as possible,in order to
3. The
must
hardening water
from

carbonate

of

lime.

protectedagainst oxidation, hence

be

pieces must

used

avoid
be

From

"

Dentistry.

of

and

in the

longer stay

a

free

from

as

air.

alkalies,particularly

German

the

cooling effected

the

C.

hy

Mayr.

SELECTIONS.

DISEASES

OF

THE

TEETH
REFLEX

CALLED
DUDLEY

BY

Assistant

It may

be

taken

the

the

of the

other

the

case

local

The

convulsions

authors

due

believe

they

to

so

the

result

the

M.

S.,

C.

R.

in University

College.

eased
give rise to disby direct continuity of

dental

lesions

may

of

and

jaws

P.,

the

while

gums,

contiguous soft

tures.
struc-

condition, although the startingpoint

by

the

of which
at

common

B.

inflammation

to

trouble, is yet dwarfed

disease, the connection

of

D.,

They

and

extend

may

process

that

ways.

originatecongestion

same

In

in two

M,

of Medicine

accepted

as

SO-

TO

MALADIES.

BUXTON,

Professor

to the

conditions
tissue

W.

RELATION

IN

most

diverse

from

the

severity of
with

teething

the
are

conditions.

jjyrexialstate

remote

some

area

only assumed.
according to various

teeth

is

Thus

while

of

the

Trousseau

blood,

a

recent

of
elevation
independently of any
they occur
Eclampsia, again, it has been sought to explain, by
temperature.
is present in the mouth
the hyperemia which
structures,
supposing
vascular
motor
by the vasopervades the whole
system and is controlled
Barrie r,however, adopts another
of the head and neck.
nerves
becomes
nervous
view, asserting that the whole
unduly
system
it by the
excited
pain expeowing to the impression made
rienced
ui^on
writer^

holds

that

in the gums.
is

It
French

interesting

notice

that

school, refer the dentition

Bouchut

.

to

Lewis

going

so

far

as

Smith, Diseases

so

of

term

some

diarrhoea

it "nervous

Children.

writers
to

a

especiallyof the
similar
origin,

diarrhoea," thus

asso-

Selections.

ciatini?it

with

manifests

which

shows

of trouble
the

to

state

itself also amongst

morbid

some

be instituted

It is

system.
have

to

man

Although
does

and

disease,yet

venture

we

dentist.

the

as

receive

should

far

too

by

the

A

search

steps taken

the intervention

at

an

what

are

at

present

does

not

should

remedy

to

of the

nervous

that

cases

we

capable of defining

not, constitute

reflex

or

thetic
sympa-

a

understand

must

upon

we

earnest

description,
always provising
attempt
may
elucidatingpathologicalenigmas than their

we

rather
We

solution.

and

us

of adults.

with,thislatter class of
particularly

more

deal.

it aims

the emotional

is at fault and

what

it has gone

exactly what
that

tells

Shylock

said that the

well

as

ascertain

to

evil before

the

of which

work, and

at

process

of the medical

care

of diarrhoea

preponderance of evidence
a predisposing than
an
exciting cause
children.
At the same
time
warning is often given
of the gums
and their dejiarturefrom
the
ical
physiologThis
should
indication
always be recognized as an

standard.
of

form

summing up it must be
that teething is more

In

by

that

265

the

explanation

of

of

terms

its

our

problem

mysteries. Let

us,

before

then,

We
have
a nerve
simplestcase.
centre, which
performs
the function
of regulating tissue trophic changes, we
have
ry
emissastrands which
nervous
perform the behests, so to speak, of the
strands
which
travel
controllingcentre; we have afferent nervous
the centre.
It is these last which
from
to
peripheralterminations
take

the

maintain

the

centre

en

rapport with

the

outside

world.

tell us at what
at present
Pathology cannot
point the afferent
impulses of nerves
peripherallystimulated, may
simple
promote
maintain
and
the
balance
between
destruction
and
healthygrowth
regeneration,and at what point nutrition becomes
deranged. The
results of which
are
we
cognizantare on the one hand hypertrophy,
the

other

atrophy.
We
know
that peripheralirritation acting upon
which
nerves
are
in connection
with centres
exerting trophic influence
will, if
allowed
to act long enough, produce marked
structural
changes in
on

tissues.
and

The

muscles

of the

arm

become

increased

alike

in

bulk

when

subjected to frequent calls for action, but should
be imposed upon
80
the trophic centres
severe
a strain
as
not
they canis kicked
and
a
meet, the beam
pathologicalatrophy replaces
physiological
growth. The
trophic centres, however, preside,it
power

be, over

may
its

a

very

wide

area.

One

branches, regions seemingly
in place and function.

alike

centre

unconnected

will dominate
and

through

widely remote

256

The

A

Aechives

Dentistry.

of

was
physiological connection
exist between
the nerve
supply of skin and
connection
which
probably really obtains

thought

close

fails to
that

when

that

lesions

demonstate

the

the

control

result

in

and

trophic

one

when

even

to
a

omy
anat-

coarse

Now,it would

appear

profoundly affected,

is

centre

due, of

areas,

more

or

time

one

subjacent structures,

channels.

nerve

at

to

course,

impaired

absolutely out of
in
connection
is sought and found
relation until the
physiological
An
the nervous
example
trophic centres.
supply and associated
perverted nutrition.

or

will illustrate

These

ai'eas

appear

may

it:

patientattending the ophthalmic clinic of a general hospital
was
gested
concomplained of discomfort about left conjunctiva. This
A

and
that

minute

vesicles

unilateral

severe

detected

were

headache

had

It

it.

upon

Examination

manifest.

become

elicited

was

vesicles along the line of the supra-orbital
nerve.
scalp showed
with
irritation of the supra-orbital
It was
of herpes from
nerve
a case
This is an example
impairment of the nutrition of the globe of the eye.
lesions
in
solutely
abrise
fifth
the
of a nerve
to
areas
pair giving
distinct,namely, those of the scalp and those of the eye.
which
directly
It is,then, mainly the fifth pair of nerves
directly or inand pains with
aches
the
gives rise to those innumerable

of the

"

"

of which

causation

of this fifth
difliculties in

folks

pair of

tracing to

lesions.

supply

The

saddle

the

teeth

two

roots

the

A

teeth.

will

nerves

fibres to

motor

the

such
of

diverse
the

sympathetic
then gives off
nerve
orbit and
becoming

"

with

the

third

again

with

the

nerve

the

at

"

or

in

which

motor

sympathetic.

The

nerve

second

omy
anat-

of the

and

sensations
the

from

connected

connected
dis-

ry,
senso-

to

mouth.

Casserian

its three

communication

some

motor

and

nose

branches

the

plexus join it. The
the first going to the
ganglion the ophthalmic

"

the

at

apparently

masticatory muscles,

face, fore part of the head, the eye, the
The
first junction,or anastomosis, occurs
fibres from

away

and

nerve

the

where

clear

to

serve

glance

the

lion
gang-

carotid

large branches,
with

another

is established

of the

globe muscles
going to supply the

and
face

brane
memsuperior maxilla as well as the mucous
membrane
of the
lining the maxillary sinus, the mucous
and upper
portion of the pharynx as well as
lips,that of the nose
and soft palate. In the spheno-maxillary gangthe tonsils,uvula
lion,
communicates
it
and
in realitya plexus
not
a ganglion,
again

and

with

the

the

teeth

of the

sympathetic.

The

third

division

supplies the

teeth

of

257

Selections.

the

lower

jaw,

the

jaw,

it also

the

sensation
with

connected

this division.

from
the

and

pharynx, tympanum
face.

the

that

grounds

it is

But

possible channels of
pair and other nerves
There

by

motor

lower

also obtains

exhausted

are

and

exist closer

in

physiologicalcontinuity of

ly
hard-

muscles

anatomical

flow
by overtrophic changes,

central

or

that

to assert

fifth

anatomical

above
series of

parts

all the

the

between

the

subtile

more

the

upon

intercommunication

nervous

need

we

to

communication

accurate

means

pharyngeal
glosso-

filaments

of

plain

mon
com-

becomes

and

facial

nerve

rendered

no

lip, and

tube; while

of nerve
possiblesources
nervous
explosive action

numerous.

in the

thus

nal
exter-

supplies

the

of central
are

is

the

of

head, the

lower

the

nerve

Eustachian

is

nerve

It

with

last named

The

facial

the

otic-ganglionit

In the
and

sympathetic

nei'ves.

add, the

articulation

and

greater part of the tongue

The

part of the face.

of

salivary glands

gives sensation to the side of
supplying the external meatus, the

ear

the

the

gums,

and

count.
ac-

nels
possiblechanassociation

in

function.
How

is the

commonly

aspect of the

taken

condition

and

tween
physiologicalconnection
subsistingberealized
the tongue and the stomach
or
duly appreciated.
rious
cycle of physiologicalfunction in which participatethe va-

In the

seldom

sections
and
do
to

the
the

suffer.

the

milk

first few
from

most

that

of the

active

more

nervous

break

irradiate

throughout the
puberty becomes

in this way

does

profound upset of
The
teething is
metabolism

speak, under

its
one

the

down

the

are

have

we

tudes,
vicissi-

many
of

out

call

to

gear

so

attention

the

the
medical
laity,and even
referringto the process by which

many

maladies
It

evolutions

which

which

be

to

seems

appear

in the

inseparable
in the human

occur

impressions are called into existence,
the inhibitory resistances
and
so

widest

areas

of the

subject of

teething child

such
show

a

The

system.

nervous

catastrophe,

nervous

the

most

general cycle of evolution.
is being worked,
bodily structure

The

nervous

sign of

of the whole

high

stomach,

the

part becomes

one

existence.

of infantile

years

impressions which

and

those

egress,

frame, that profound

girlat

which
fall in

commonly

teeth

as

this connection

In

into

errors

so
practitioner,

of

there

elementary apparatus

it is undoubted

common

mucous

is the

of the

others

membrane

indicative

as

of the

yet how

present in the

tongue

pressure.

signs

of

centres.
a

A

shock

too

trivial

to

so

to

elicit consci-

258

The

in the well-balanced

ousness

in the

infant

and
Dr.

to

of

process

Smith'

in

from

the

and

Barthez

and

the

the

other

is in the

the

remember

to

tion
func-

tooth

kindred

or

the teeth,

most

strained

although

the children's
this

at

the

balance

disease.

of

exhausted

an

with

kick

to

in

are

of evolution

processes

declension

of

follicles

the

that

yet it taxes

fullycompetent

the

to

passu

place under

bound

are

symptomatic

trouble

upon

of

alimentary tract

pari

progress

it is

progress

be

teething" may
in turn

with

of health

mean

whole

take

fact that

the

to

physiological
process,

coupled

active

the

a

the

along

further,we

is jyer'se

time

when

studded

And

strength,and

gives rise

profound derangement

attention

alimentation, must

conditions.
dentition

draws

development

hence

adult

of the

system

nervous

development.

found

are

Dentistry.

of

wide-spread and

a

of

even

Eustace

which

and

Archives

"Cross
but

centre,

nervous

structures,itplays back

parture
degiving rise to some
function.
from
the physiologicalcerebro-spinal
In fine,children
suffer from
convulsions
during teething, but
elicited by the eruption of the
more
rarely are such convulsions
work
This point is fully worked
in the classical
of
teeth.
out
Rilliet.
the

tooth

upon

which

may

in

teeth

system

central

is, as

As

we

is well

gives

gum

which

to

the

the

more

pressure
less

or

mouth

spread

may

pointed out
it happens

known,

rise

itself to

confine

default, or

system

nervous

in

far and

of

the

stomatitis,a

ady
mal-

the

region

of

wide.

The

nervous

peculiarly sensitive

above,

ing
erupt-

the

pressionab
im-

and

atitis,
pyrexia caused by this stomof digestion. Thus,
seriouslydisorders the child's powers
act
teething,and reagain, the vomiting, diarrhcea etc., ensue
upon
concerned
in teething.
the structures
upon
When
morbid
conditions
are
present and teethinghas ceased to be
with
of those maladies,which
meet
a physiologicalprocess,we
some
To
form
stomatitis
more
particularlythe subjectof this paper.
referred
have
and
we
above, aphthae,
gastro-intestinalcatarrh
vomiting and diarrhoea complications,occurring usually in warm
it be profitable
detain
would
need
to dwell
not
weather,
us; nor

and

upon

the

when

winter

on

the

which
Jour,
I. A

eve

succeds
of

to

ofDental
Practical

troubles
whole

The

summer.

disease, that

casuallybecomes

the

bronchial

and

pulmonary

that

organ

exposed

system

or

to

some

which

replace them
body being as it were
feels

exciting

Science.
Treatise

on

the

Diseases

of Children.

the

brunt

causes.

"

of
British

it

260

used

the

across

no

dentist

No

one.

of

kind.

any

brush, soaps
are

for

only

injury

will

be

done.

If

axis

of

handle

in

chieflyuseful

know

to

such

specificpurposes,

handle
effective

an

preparations

secret

formula.
friction

the

friction.

of

the

Tooth-washes

local

applications

alveolaris

pyorrhea

as

I

way

brush
is

the

increasing

diminish

in the

the

Therapeutically uses

water.

as

the

prescribing

in

and

if used

but

in advance

lubricants

are

the

on

is entitled

is

valueless

as

harm

warranted

is

He

dentrifice

A

does

motion

straighta rotary

Dentistry.

or

often

teeth

indicated

have
is

Archives

The

and

the

vitaliza
de-

of

pulps.
hygiene must

True

in childhood

formed

are

TF". 11.

Dr.

Morgan.

"

will be

Both

papers
all the

failed

from

sulphuricacid.

claims

secure

"Clean

life.

early

there

Have

to

in

commence

If

habits

proper

little trouble

in after

good

general principles.
Dr.
Arrington
decay?" I do

to

as

benefits

that

Avill

teeth

never

life.

does
instances
Decay in many
of foreign substances, as in the case
the
from
presence
mouth
If the acid theory of decay be true, the
fluids.
rapidly.
very clean, and decay go on
know

not

be

Must

back

progeny." In the hills
amidst
surroundings of
favorable

most

a

Keep

Orleans.
condiments
Had

for

the

swallowed

filth and

the

that

good

secure

and

of

absolute

\vhen

first

but

advanced,

children,
want,

general good health, but
required. There is nothing in

are

holds

now

may

for their

of the children

teeth

sult
re-

of vitiated

"mothers

teeth

mouths

the

squalor

to

said

was

in

mother

it

to

Tennessee,

contrast

foods

or

of

It

causes.

pleasant surroundings

have

not

means.

further

reach

must

that

what

sent
preNew

in
no

special

that

theory.

contrary

a

opinion.
No
to

article of diet but

develop

lime

salts

in

dry

skeleton.

entire

weight

a

rice,which

is nine-tenths

eaten

in

a

and

year

furnished

It has been
Look

at

limestone

this
bed

one

claimed

great
the

of

cent.

years

than

one

this poorest

that
river.

the

is but

Huxley
the dry

seven

more

from

of

There

per

it takes

will be

skeleton, there

nvally

of

lime-salts

more

poorest in lime

is the

there

it

system.

osseous

The

pounds.
In

the

in

has

a

very
not

says

is

salts of

all

If

three

to

wear

Tennessee,

takes
from

small

of

the

six

two

pounds.

food

pounds

of

stuffs,
rice is

rebuild

and

bone

of

amount

than

only

out

pound

is necessary

rnore

skeleton

material

the
an-

of all material.

MississsippiDelta
It

than

up
Ohio

the
and

has

no

lime-salts
New

lime-salts!
from

the

York, by the

Societiet.

Dental

Wabash
these

all

form

to

goes

the

that

in this

most

I do

alkaline.
but that

in

in the

not

need

something

brushes, they
and
become

necks

of

and

the gums,

work.

molar

the

have,

do

to

what

the

cleanser

It is

of

age

charotics
failed

with

Dr.

Jas.

the

silver

as

everything
S. Knapp.

often

accounted

ble
terri-

the

will be

soon

Dr.

stroyed
de-

that

They

for in

it with
be

substance

on

It

way.

will illustrate.
a

will

"

soon

matter
a

great

I

oily

quired.
rubbing is reastringentes-

use

control

I have

when

else.

other

no

thing
some-

It dissolves
little

very

local treatment

nitrate,etc.

fissures

mouth.

own

fissures

gold, use

temporize. No
perfectly. Soap is

Agrees perfectlywith
The
are
injured and
gums

find loss of

J. R.

point

of

wood

the

Place

dipped

gards
Morgan as reteeth grooved.

the
surface

outer

does

Dr.

not
a

look
tooth

that

can

be

possible,but
in

in charcoal.

a

vise, and

a

A

groove

worn.

Walker

fillingchildren's
other

need

the

out

use

out

"

simple experiment
across

if you

so

to

cut

the work

adhere,

gums

toothbrushes.

use

stiff

regards
to

cut

age,

how
to

it in my

with

that

not

again

over

patient do

deposits
such

don't know

mistake

great

a

the

When

.

As

by'
We

cavities.

so

yeaj's of

seven

you

satisfied

am

"

If

work

your

other

will

result

filled at

gold.

else.

rub

and

exposed, that fillingssoon
of gold will
follow
the
ribbon
a
the
of stiff brushes
applied across

teeth

time

in

as

is to be

fill with

We

the

posed
ex-

I

between

and

when

stiff,
gums

too

Am

decay.

It is found

fluids.

are

substance,

Ammonia,
acid.

edly
decid-

the debris
from
prefer a napkin for friction,but remove
I condemn
all temporizing
the teeth
by other means.
To preserve
teeth we
must
put in good fillings.If a sixth

teeth.

and

alkaline

meet

are

tooth
favors

interstcies

the

If brushes

teeth.

of

the

dissolve

nitric

and

to

fluids

the

saliva.

all

investigation is

my

formerly universally recommended

necessary,
of

neutralize

to

were

destruction

in

of

place wnich

takes

alkaline

saliva,but

tests,

year

of

cases

alkalies

atmospheric action, develops

to

edges

action

intended

where

cases

from

this country

over
are

result

in

that

say

chemical

some

concerned

most

not

cereals

The

regard.
rapid decay is

Arkansas,

all

spread

The

soil.

from

River

brought, and

this alluvial

wants

our

is

lime

sources

Red

the

Illinois,by

from

261

of

than
the

all that

Dr.

Morgan

has

said

about

sometimes
them
well, but would
filling
because
the
sarily
gold; not
operator is necesof
of gold, but because
the soft texture
use

teeth, and

material

ignorant

indorses

The

262

teeth makes

young

admit

Morgan

and

advisable.

for any

difference

the

Dentistry.

of

material

other

imperfect work,

do

or

Archives

in

Was

reason.

the

character

Mississippi delta.

in the

Would

The

glad
of

ize
tempor-

never

hear

to

teeth

the

prevalence of

Dr.

in Tennessee
poor

soft

in
localityis due to the absence of limesalts
food and drink; appreciated his eloquent portrayal of the great
Mississippiriver,but unfortunately it is not that river water, with
all those lime salts held in solution, that is used
for drinking and
which
described
was
cooking purposes, but rainwater
by Dr. Stienis destitute
ments.
of organic eleberg, as "sewage of the air," which
A recent
tripthrough Texas had served to confirm him in
in the

teeth

his belief
the

latter

carbonate

the

that

mountains

of

have

those

in

the

the

people

mineral

they

must

that
In

elements

the

Texas

western

the

of

is

there

strongly impregnated
as
"gyp-water."

known

the

of

of

teeth

raised
Louis
teeth.

The

that

country

benefit

where

lime

curiosityas

some

of

is of

sulphate of
the

upon

has

nothing

W.

give

from

fauna

that

very

mothers.

to

the
be

as

to

to

what

is

water

so

popularly
effect

this

gratifiedto find
superiorquality. No
grain is
teeth, and

was

each

will be.

to

of

the

do

with

localities

H.

the

mineral

formations

The

character

the same
equal certaintyfrom
which
decide
the quality of

character

teeth, in the

he

It is advocated

to

part of Texas;

geologist knows

the

to

contrast

strong

they are stock-raisers;they use St.
flour; but they drink "gyp-water" and they have magnificent
migrants.
imDental
operations are required only by recently-arrived
in

formations

Dr.

Had

itself

of

tract

a

natives

predicted with

lime

lime

the

have

the

its flora and

what
be

would

lime

in

lime

of

carbonate

go

with

form

the

In

the teeth.

to

through a preparatory process; that
vegetable kingdom, but he is convinced

must

carbonate

aqueous

is beneficial

magnificent teeth,
the MississippiDelta.

through

pass

lime

Texas, where

western

abounds, the natives
of

of

Morgan.
individual

teeth.

If

this difference

described, would
"

The

poorest

three

pounds

in

like to
food

in

a

has

year;

the

of

data.
the

absence

the

of

the
ask

teeth
The

character

of

of
the

cause?

sufficient
it will

logical
geo-

presence

the

can

also decide

water
or

region

a

lime-salts

give

him

all

needs.

Yesterday
where
foul

the
gases

I took

filth
were

trip through certain portions of this city,
was
intolerable;
simply horrible; the stench was
in the
the
surface-water
bubbling up through
a

Societies.

Dental

is what

That

gutters.

is the

263

with

matter

the

teeth

New

in

leans.
Or-

ble,
lamentacity is most
but it is attributable
to the unprecedented rain-fall of the past
winter; but with all these bad sanitaryconditions, the atmosphere
is so purified the impurities so
by the
continuallyswept away
Gulf
breezes
that we
have
no
typhoid or diphtheriticepidemics,as
Walker

Dr.

the

admits

condition

the

of

"

less favored

in other
where
fever

was

teeth

were

Dr.
or

sanitaryconditions
consequently almost

the

and

firm

B.

H.

certain

a

in

town

equally bad, and where
continual
epidemic; and

were
a

Whatever

"

deficient

with

concerned

in

Texas

typhoid
yet the

sound.

Teague.

bacteria, or

Was

localities.

be

may

lime-salts

the

the

"

dentist

average

acids

whether

cause,

is

more

their

prevention.
The
simplest tooth-powder is the best, and that is English prepared
of a tooth
chalk.
If the formula
powder is not given, the
idea as
it to his patients. One
dentist
has no
right to recommend
to

that has

toothbrushes

quite long much
separated into two
Dr. Spalding

three

or

As

"

analysisof

kernel

the

entirelystarch;

There

is

work

net-

old

distribution

corresponding

constituents

of

shows

be
and

serrated

"

ideas

the

on

of

lime

salts

food

our

that

recent

interior

the

subject are
the

gluteu pervading

of

bristles should

generally used

are

of wheat

the

the

rows.

the

to

is not

a

than

longer

"

advanced:

been

not

all

ful
care-

portion
correct.

not

layers,and
through the grain
starch

a

of

wheat.
article

Every
often

do

not

of

get the benefit

assimilation.

As

mother

a

These

family
in food

may
may

beneficial.Years

is

question as

no

partakes

verified

are

be

of

be

in the

not

the

general
children.

condition
But

was

less than

phosphates

understood.

subject to test, and

on

half

testingwas

of

for prenatal

derived.

One

any

prevailing

while

fact

found
beneficial
phosphate of lime was
in India.
The
the English soldiers
among
advertised
for
large supplies; bids came
one

defective

elements

benefit

we

elements, the child is benefited.

ago

sources;

of

because

of certain
to

assimilated, the
is

Why,

certain
The

facts.

avoided

not

material

that

of

material, but

tooth

enough

the administration

to

effects,there
If

contains

food

the

a

phosphates

medicines

as

in

are

in

illustration:

in

certain

Home

other; tiiis

ment
Govern-

from
was

eases
dis-

various

accepted

reported chemicallypure.

This

264

The

phosphate was

Archives

shipped

and

India

to

Investigationshowed
lime phosphate that had been
It had been
acted upon
by
Why?

The

we

able

not

are

acted

the

by

upon

assimilate

to

and

what

of

the

are

various

sources

while

better

to

know

named

be

sufficient

to

clear

a

friction

from

conception

debris, which

of

We

food, of bolted

flour

to

the proper

secretions
Another

has

also

also

of

It is

results
awake.

mouth

taste

the

is thus

tooth-brush

of

a

of

the

the

the

teeth.

the

to
irritating

dog
we

Shall
and

with
avoid

of

foul

the

from

all

mucous

The

tract.

the

saliva

is

the

use

its

mal
nor-

all what
than

dog

has.

of

causes

the

and

pleasant
unsequently
con-

instance

every

the

teeth

simply to
tions.
remedy condi-

resort

must

they should
a

In

if

clammy

cold

a

these

we

is

is

mucus

cause

this, and

No;

tooth-pick?

were

of

any

disregard

we

is the

suffering from
though the mouth.

tooth-brush

a

foul
all

This

when

breathe

conditions

need

dry and parched;
agglutinated;the mouth

and

mouth

mouth

the

If

in the
to

damaged.

more

ated
viti-

of

the

unpleasant taste.

an

forced

are

no

condition

becomes

thick

dry, having

If

and

to

If thus

The

when

the
food

of

use

soft

avoided

salivaryglands also. The
from
of the glands, as
stimulation
thin and will not perform
rendered
too

changed, becomes
not

The

with

to

condition

food.

"

will
food
habitually stimulated, normal
The
fluids will be required to compensate.
stimulate, and
is also vitiated,and impurity and unclean liness of the mouth
from
the habit of buccal
breathing, in sleep if not when

functions.

saliva

do

to

in the

sympathize
vitiated
by undue

fail to

proper

alimentary canal, throughout

the

will

tobacco.

of

much

is found

cause

membrane
mouth

mastication

too

use

habituated
Those
thorough mastication.
have
often
are
changed
pasty deposits,which
very
be
This
of
calculus.
can
fluids,or deposition
salivary

food

of

imperfect use

mastication.
soft

the

Among

prevent.

teeth; the

the

clean

and

pure

accumulation

around

first be

must

vegetable kingdom.
inquire why it is that there

how

the

rule,

a

the

requiring mastication;

not

adapted

of

elements, they
of

As

organisms.

keep the mouth
impui-ities.With

of

retained

are

be

to

effort to

would
may

not

"

food

not

by

the
we

and

teeth

much

much

sources

lodge on
the

so

causes,

animal

organizing forces

"

for

less.
absolutelyworthmineral
that it was
phosphate.
phate.
bone-phospreviously used was

proved

mineral

Prof. J. Taft. It is worth
is occasion

Dentistry.

of

we

should

Who

ever

be,

have
heard

teeth?

causes

of

impuritieswe

will

have

no

more

use

for the tooth-brush
who

used

never

and

clean
use

irritants

Let

all

stimulants

of

much

less
be

for

use

carefullycultivated,and
habit.
breath

in

mucous

in

is

good

habitually

Morgan.

Any

"

hour.

Dr.

A.

will

He

G. Mawls

the

for

reason

bad

the

closed

in

have

a

mouth

in

sweet

pure

breathing, and

cially
espe-

the

upon

ist.
dent-

"

and

foul
Will

"

site
oppo-

readily experiment for
say while reading
open

can

chair).

be

should
the

points devolves

the

taste

habit

overcome

will

person

the

to

health

tind his mouth

(from

This

all

they will
tion
Respira-

and

tooth-brushes.

nostrils.

these

on

well;

secretions; avoid

effort made

every

and

masticate

membrane,
and

persons

sweet

were

mother,

abnormal

the

by voluntarilykeeping

one

give

the

Education

sleep.

himself

of

dentrifices

person

mouth

TT. H.

Dr.

for

Every

if the

causes

known

mouths

whose

child, every

entirelythrough

Have

creation.

animal

every

food; avoid
or

should

the

tooth-brush, but

a

pure.

proper

have

than

265

Societies.

Dental

the

sour.

Spalding please

Dr.

referred

mouth

to?

SiKilding. It results from the evaporation of the watery
also
portions of the saliva, which
undergoes rapid chemical
changes when
exposed to atmospheric currents.
the
Fermentation
will
as
place in
surely take
open
in
food
the
after
as
juice
mouth,
eating
containing sugar,
tion
irritaDr. Taft
of the grape
when
spoke of
exposed to the air.
Dr.

"

of

glands
The

the

salivaryglands.

affected

as

saliva is

and

except
Dr.

alkaline,but mixed

as

a

The

reflex

Taft said that

admixture

of

form
Could

cite many

father

came

both

country
were

In
How

where

born, and
many
much

other
of

as

England,

New

fine

mucus

teeth.

strong

there

was

all had

cess,
ex-

deeply imbedded

very

the

of

mucous

brane
mem-

no

very

lime

salivary glands, as

used

they

being due to the
eral
phosphates in min-

the

believed, with

he

mention
the

mother

They
in

defective

good results.
the
family where

one

the

New

from

moved

into

Jersey;
sandstone

a

vicinity. Five

teeth, and

families

in the

same

vicinitythe

this

cause

and

effect,we

was

is in

mucus

the vitiation

Had

Would

cases.

the

to

also to

agrees

years,

many

from

having

referred

he

secretions.

mucus

for

the

to

act.

but

respond promptly,

the

saliva,when

salivaryglands are
readily stimulated
by excitation

not

are

referred

he

apprehend

stimulation.

by

acid.

becomes

I

lost
case

can

was

children

them
the

early.
same.

only judge

for

The

AKcnrv^ES

water

of

266

ourselves.

The

called "soft

water," and

TF! N.

Dr.

in the

is taken.

The

do

desire

because

stomachs

Their

for

by

of

get enough

substance,

sufficient

the

tooth

regard

with

elements.

This

of

enough

this

to

dinary
or-

be

may

food

proper

cereal

foods, wheat, rice, barley,or

the

of

use

have

between

sweets

food

secretions

the

of tooth
food.

good, plain

for

a

They

meals.

supply,the elements

appetite

no

tilled,and

are

word

one

not

proper

they

is

all bad.

Avere

say

children

is diminished

diet
not

of

case

teeth

lime; what

free from

localitywas

Would

"

containing

true, but

meat

the

Morrison.

food

that

Dentistky.

of

exhausted

between

This
point
good plain food at the table.
in instructingpatients. With
in mind
be borne
should
regard to
is the long intervals
the prevention of decay, one
promoting cause
If
meals.
in this interval.
between
Decay progresses
customary
animals
small
like the
ate
we
quantities at shorter intervals,
never
overloading the stomach, allowing no interval for this work

meals, and

refuse

they

"

would

we
disintegration,

of

of

approve
but

ordinary

and

best

brush

instead

stripsof rubber-dam,
with

Does
Knapp.
frequency of eating.
S.

Jas.

"

Patrick

J. J. R.

Dr.

It is

interest.

is the

into

the

of

tooth.

bad
to

the

generalway;

into

the

to

Can

listened

strongest
the

endure

to

recommended

narrow

patient

a

say

to

tissues

are

never

thrown

out;

lime.

have

to

big toe,

fulfilled

organic

go

hold
in

Every
send

lar
particu-

one

and

have

appropriated

are
we

It is

cannot
to

or

out

sues.
tis-

transmitting

You

phosphate

much;

be

cannot

be sustained.

can

order

elements

mouth

creatingunhealthy

life

the

nal
inter-

the

Internal

gards
re-

great

convert

flower, is at work

the

be

to

as

with

keeping

by

organic state.

the

too

will

attempt

in

every

do

to

try

the

without

knee-joint,or

you

discussion

the

trouble.

whole

Morrison

Dr.

to

membrane

The

we

that

true

right place?
that

Animal

end,

with

agree

limestone

inorganic elements

direct

The

floss;always dismiss

exists animal

tree,

every

direct

not

membrane

have

to

grass,

elements

the

vegetation

necessary

blade

of

external

Where
not

the

at

spaces,

of silk

external

total

sum

into

converted

Has

"

undoubtedly

membrane
open

be

serrated,

length,and

supply.

a

Dr.

should

brushes, I

to

hind-side-before.

cleansing

For

friction.

As

teeth.

medium

ot

made

are

part of the

of

wear

brushes

better

bristles

with

brush

a

have

too

many

it go
in

a

ducement
in-

reconstructing teeth.

elements

are

deposited

268

The

the

walls

of

the

Archives

capillaries in

parts of the body. Each
the
The

condition

condition
the

the

blood.

So

assimilate

or

and
blood
A

flow

of

blood

The
stimulate

from

unaltered.

muscle

of

the

tissues

is

organ

require exercise
of

it will

in the work

required

Hard,

the

blacksmith

waste

away.

excite

to

the

food

course

lation.
assimi-

it to
of

flow

blood

If

idea.

the

to

tion.
this condi-

creates

illustrates
The

assimilation.

of

stimulate

to

in the

substance

given

any

the

require exercise

teeth

on

food.

proper
Dr.

Robinson, of Michigan.

think

know

we

from

about

centre

to

universe, and
Dr.
need

and

untouched

rest

excess

assimilation.

is tied up

arm

the

teeth

to

The

to

an

all aid

at

not

pabulum

proper

is the
absorption and assimilation
element
of
tissues and
not
any special nutrient
if the tissues are
in a healthy state they appropriate
such nutrient
substances
as
tenance
they require for sus-

growth, and

does

the

own

in all

determines

that

of

selects its

leaves

condition

nearly uniform

a

tissue

and

store

common

Dentistry.

of

J. M.

the

We

"

do

mysteries of

circumference.

all nature

Walker.

"

flows
One

life.

God

from

in

Life

is the

God

word

know

not

the

reply

much

as

is

great

as

we

ing
unit, flow-

a

the

of

centre

centre.
to

Dr.

We

Patrick.

which
excreted.
I do not endorse
are
supply the elements
the chewing of tobacco
As to the
to excite flow of saliva.
or
gum
Drs. Morrison
and
point at issue between
Knapp, I think we must
Have
our
"splitthe difference."
eating hours neither too frequent
far apart.
Allow
time for digestion,but not undue
too
nor
secre
tion of gastricfluids.
to

Dr.
send

J. J. M.

Patrick.

"

It is lack

of

function

it is useless

and

to

additional

supplies.
Subject passed.
at 9
Adjourned to meet

AMERICAN

Thirty -sixth Annual

Meeting

The

usual,
hundred

for

the

General
was

very
members

ON

of

of

the

interesting and
were

at
AND

DENTAL

Archives,

Meeting

Held

April

1.

ASSOCIATION.

MEDICAL

SECTION

Eeported

Wednesday

m.,

a.

Orleans, La., April

New

ORAL

SURGERY.

iBy Dr.

Dentistry,

Association, though

J. S. Marshall.
not

as

profitable. Something

registered from

28, 1885.

all

large as
over

six

parts of the country

Societies.

Dental

would

this number

but

been

was

under

been

various

and

them

local

held

J.

of

circumstances.

section

did

and

month

earlier.

made

the

than

of

order

to

Dr.

absent.

Oral

day commencing
stated
W.

W.

at

Williams

chair

the

taking

on

that

p.

Orleans, Dr.

elected

m.

officers

On

motion

John

S.

the

of

extended

to

surgery
Dr.

who

John

Dr.

A.

those

members
of

S. Marshall,

following is

Mr.

Chairman

like all

sufferingsof

mankind

firm

notably
serous

and

remedies

new

gaining a

an

tissues.

foothold
in

the

Dr.
of

of

abstract

of

was

have
hailed

in certain

operationsupon

the
"

of

the

Geo.

H.

sessions
of

the

of
pi'actitioners

the

floor
tal
den-

Association.
read

a

tled:
enti-

paper

SUEGEEY.

DENTAL

Gentlemen:
which

the

and

of

was

Chicago,

the

privileges

Chicago, Ills.,then

IN

COCAINE

The

Baldwin,

gentlemen present

not

were

E.

Secre-

Mass.,

Marshall,

minutes

being

absence
of

the

E. Baldwin,

A.

last
Secretary pro tem.
of the section having already been
published in the Journal
Association
the reading of them
was
dispensed with.
of

of

be necessary

Boston,

of

Dr.

by

Allport, Chairman,
Dr. E. C. Briggs, the

that

The

motion

sociation
As-

Surgery were

3:30

the

stated

entirelyunavoidable.

Fredericks, of New

were

our

the

afternoon

Tuesday

on

S. Williams,
Chicago, Dr. Jacob
unanimously chosen Chairman, pro tem.

On

izens
cit-

make

to

power

and

of

was

have

professionand

the members

Dental

on

home

Secretary was

ance
attend-

it would

through illness,and
It would
therefore
try, by professionalengagements.
and Secretary. On
motion
of Dr.
to elect a Chairman

Dr.

The

friends.

called

both

at

ing
meet-

particularlypleasant

were

generally by

very

Hall, each

was

were

detained

a

all in their

Marshall, of Chicago, 111.,who

section

place of

The

receptions

Section

the

in Grunewald

S.

the

enjoyable.

gatherings

sessions

The

had

less

somewhat

however

participatedin
and their lady

were

The

sections

Orleans

stay among

doubled

oppressive,which

favorable

more

of New

The

and

warm

very
the

upon

been

centrally located, or the time

more

weather

have

269

paper:

The

hydrochlorate of cocaine,
given promise of mitigatingthe
with

enthusiasm, and

lines
the

of

eye

practiceas
and

upon

it
a

is

local

mucous

fast
thetic,
anes-

and

The

270
On

the

cocaine

much

and

that

now

the
its

of

where

greatest benefit, viz.,

and

as

dental

was

enthusiasm

the

from

the

fact

hoped

that

it

anesthetic

the

over

effects
would

ixpon

sensitive

dentine, and

have

originatedvery

must

seem

writers

the

forms

of

which

give promise

paper

the

rather

upon

BXPEEIMENTS

than

drug, however,
the

WITH

of

better

subject of
THE

tissues

be

and

its

of

of

waned

has

of

has

sensitive

of

heads

accounts

other

would

drug

cooler

it

that

obtunder

or

of

hydrochlorate

surgeons

interest
it

an

Dentistry.

of

begin to investigateits claims with
of the published
judgment, many

we

biased

a

with

disappointment

a

dentine;

of

hand,

lost

has

proved
the

other

Archives

less

ful
wonder-

teeth, it

the

largely in the imaginations
New
clinical
that
facts.
they were
have
been
more
recently introduced
for presenting
results, and my excuse

cocaine

is to

call

HYDBOCLOEATE
OF

attention

your

OF

COCAINE

espe-

SUMMARY

"

CASES.

Struct're
Diseased
conditi'n

of

the

teeth

..soft....

..soft....

Results.

sensitive

Sensitivene

dentine.

greatly
No

sensitive

No

sensitive

anesthetic
anesthetic
effect.

dentine,

pyor'hea

s s
lieved.
re-

effect.

dentine,
medium.

Remarks.

'

with

Operated
little

alveola's

A

previous

ration
opewithout

pain.

Gums

the

pletely
com-

cocaine

had

anes-

been

very

thetized.
painful.
No

inflamed.
sensitive

'Slight

.

tirpation.
ex-

effect.
No

sensitive

dense

for

thetic
anes-

dentine,
.

Applied

effect.

...pulp.,
medium.

anesthetic

anesthetic

the

Drying

ca'vi-

.

effect.

dentine

ty with

hot

seemed

to

air
duce
pro-

slight

a

anesthetic

fect
ef-

.

very

soft

sensitive

'

Slight
thetic

dentine.

a

n

e

8

effect,

"

Drying
with

the

ty
cavi-

hot

seemed

to

the

air
crease
inesthetic
an-

effect.
medium,

sensitive

"Slight

thetic
anes-

effect.

dentine

Drying
with
seemed

the

ty
cavi-

hot
to

the

air
crease
inesthetic
an-

effect.
10

medium.

sensitive
dentine.

No

anesthetic
effect.

citrate

the

ciallyto

made

local anesthetic

reliable

and

dentine

that

cases

the

selected

cases

cocaine

of

this form

that

results

dense

a

with

2

a

these

either

than

No.

of

4

syringingthe
the

procured

therefore

applied by
Oleate

pulp, the
In the

by

others

by

and
the

was

no

tepid

it; in

and

water

of

from

the

better
solution

ence
experi-

the

to

seems

have

series of

all

bris,
de-

loose

cocaine

the

in

others, after

all the

solution

dried

and

the

parts kept free from

per

per

kindly

nished
fur-

oleates

cent,

experiments.
the

adjusted and the
applied on a pledget of
gums

5

52

to

cent,

Robbins

and

dentine, and

were

applied,and

per

and

normal

the

use

and

48

McKesson

for this

of

per cent

any

from

removing

was

oleate

20

Cis H33 O2.

contains

sensitive

dam

ient
suffic-

a

cent,

per

not

was

for

use

H21 XO4

Messrs.

them

40

clusion
con-

up to pro.

obtain

it,it

with

dam

rubber

cocaine

Citrate of Cocaine.
was

the

Cn

"

of

cases

the

surface

2

and

tried,but

not

the

to

came

be taken

to

A

cent.

per

Fou-

solutions.

weaker

samples

rnbber

dried, and

2

experimented

with

of

with

In all the

the

With

prepared by

cent,

per

unable

was

this I have

cocaine.

manufactured

but

with

there

Cocaine.

alkaloid

these

"

slowly that

so

not

10

adjusted,the cavitydried
of a pledget of cotton.

oleate

me

and

course

means

of

Normal

the

was

of

.

failures,I

less

or

CI

H

per cent.solution

could

tooth

dam

2

a

percent, solution

have

1

each

which

H21 NO4

Cn

"

absorbs

than

over

Nos.

cases

cocaine

reliable

upon

tissue like dentine

who

others

advantage

the

sitive
sen-

upon

perimental
following ex-

the

by

more

first ten

more
trials,

recommended;

of

cent

is much

oj^cocaine

prepared by Merck,

been

case

the

I first used

anesthesia,and

solutions

In

were

forms, but

seen

there

mouth

the

tried.

several

quantity of

no

be

citrate

muriate

or

of cocaine

car, but after

has

it will

the

were

Hydrochlorate

duce

of

most

dentine.

of
these

any

the

being

others.

The
forms

tissue

pulp

sensitive

of

membrane

mucous

between

little choice

be

to

seems

of

the

operationsupon

In

obtunder

or

of

ments
experi-

citrate, and

and

the

to

you

of

series

a

hydrochlorate, the oleate
judge which
gives promise

with

leave

then

presenting

by

cocaine

of

271

Societies.

Dental

the

one

with

cavity

an

exposed

cleansed

and

cotton.

oleate

moisture

painted
during

the

over

eration
op-

napkins.
"

(Cn H21 NO40) H3 Ce H5 O7.

first manufactured

and

recommended

This

by

form
Merck

of
of

272

The

Darmstadt

likelyto

as

sensitive

prove

4, 1884,

by

EXPERIMENTS

but,

Dr.

took

once

failingin

Sarah

sample

steps

an

anesthetic

for

this,
me

OP

procure

Messrs.
and

letter in

a

from

Journal

the

Weisbaden

of

ber
Decem-

Stevenson.

OLEATE

to

by

written

Hackett

THE

for

it

to

Association

WITH

a

as
satisfactory

most

first called

was

the A?7ierica?i Medical

I at

Dentistry.

of

dentine.

attention

My

Aechives

a

COCAINE

sample

McKesson

this I had

SUMMARY

"

of

and
made

OF

Merck's

preparation,
kindly prepared

Robbins
into

CASES.

pillsof

one-fourth

grain each.
The
This

excipientused
readily dissolves

therefore
the

makes

citrate

into

a

very

the

was

in glycerine.
tragacanth dissolved
with
and
being moistened
tepid water

gum
on

convenient

cavity. Mj^

vehicle
method

for
of

the

using

introduction
it is

as

of

follows:

Dental

Remove

all loose

debris

Societies.

from

the

tepid water, tlit^n adjust the rubber
four equal parts and place one
of
and

it with

cover

a

make

second

a

or

EXPERIMENTS

third

WITH

and

applicationif
CITRATE

a

flows

of
with

and

two

the

or

ty
cavi-

ter.
tepid wa-

the

over

with

out

pill into

bottom

dentine

the

it

wash

moistened

cotton

I test

THE

in the

these

dissolves

excipientsoon
cavity. In five minutes

the

cavity,and
dam, divide

pledget of

The

273

surface

of

if still sensitive

necessary.

OF

COCAINE

OF

SUMMARY

CASES.

Since

recording the
of

of

the

oleate

failed

H From
much

the
more

than

merits

testingthe

cases

of

sensitive

I have

since
recorded

cases

reliable
either

above

the

as

an

I have

cases

of

used

citrate

the

dentine

had

where

still further

of

the

cocaine.

citrate

it will

be

noticed

that

or

obtunder

of

hydrochlorate

or

the

several

hydrochlorate

the

anesthetic

tunity
oppor-

In

with

better

much

oleate.

the

and

results.
citrate

sensitive

Whether

the

is

tine
denthis is

274

The

due

the

to

used

specialform

in the

It also

In

cavity I
to

seems

sensitive

Aechiyes

of

where

case

drug
to

much

act

dentine, pulp

every

the

unable

am

or

it was

cavitywith

spunk

of

chloride

five minutes.

to

pain

of

whether

promptly

applied to

sensitive
that

to

Why

caused

produced on drying a
lutions
applicationof mild so-

the

or

paper,

dentine, it

zinc, but this

usuallypasses away in
applicationof the citrate should

the

as

membrane.

mucous

applied to

bibulous

or

concentration

say.

more

tissue

its greater

or

sharp, stinging sensation, similar

a

Dentistry.

or

from

two

produce
rapid absorptionof

I cannot

explain,unless it is caused by the
the solution by the fluid contained
in thetubuli; for the citrate has a
No. 5, in which
citrate
the
strong
affinityfor water.
Why case
was
applied for the extirpationof a pulp, should be so successful,
and

the next

should

prove

The

local

such

utter

an

of

such

not, of

of

it

small

a

and

of

the

will be

of

odontalgia,

unaccountable.

me

number

they

drug

for the relief

is to

determine

I trust

the

used

was

failure

course,

anesthetic,but

this form

to

in which

record
does

cases

case,

apparently

successful

citrate

value

of

the

useful

in

callingattention

stimulate

others

further

to

a

as

its

test

merits.

[to

IOWA

DENTAL

STATE

Des

in

held

Society was

SOCIETY.

meeting

twenty-third annual

The

coxtixued.]

be

of

Iowa

the

Moines, Tuesday, May

5,

State

Dental

continuing

four

days.
attendance

The
papers,
The

the

was

discussions

and

lai'gestthe

clinics

increased
membership of the societywas
of the proceedings was
interrupted by

members

a

cordial
the

From
the

treated
The

invitation

the

Capitol by

capitol

officers elected
A.

an

the

for

Morsman,

The

by

visit

a

them
of

the

The

27.

Sherman,

showed

dentists

extended

ony
monot-

the

to

who

State

gave

the

ings.
through the buildcity of Des Moines

carriagedrive.

ensuing year are as follows:
Iowa
City; Vice-President, R.

the

Burlington; Secretary,J.
Kulp,

Governor

of

reception,and

societyto

President,
S.

all of

were

had.
The
society ever
an
interestingcharacter.

B.

L.

ran,
Coch-

Monfort, Fairfield;Treasurer,

J.

Muscatine.

transactions

of

this

meeting

will

be

published

in

full,in

276

The

Archives

Dentistry.

of

JOURNALISTIC.
'Readingmaketh

full man;

a

and writing,

Excision
Emilia

Lower

of

DeG

extracted

tooth
of

in

good

deal

hard

painlessswelling on
situation

the

to

it had

till in 1881
consulted

that

the

over

lower

inward

downwards

of the
the

of this

teeth

of the

mouth

it

jaw

upper

surface
the

across

way

an

Perez

This

had

The
who

inwards

then
j^atient

the
the

The

left half

the

sis,
symphy-

alveolar

border

middle

line,

the upper

on

accessible

part

this part also bled

of

articulation,

nearly to the
into a deep sulcus
that

same

rapidly,
tightly

found

was

the

the

more

it reached

neck.

of

pain, and

a

increased

in

now

left cheek

the

Examination

rise to

a

felt

removed

returned

forward

jaw being received

tumor.

gave

the

projectedon
carried

was

by

she

slowly

orange.

Andres,

growth

mouth,

"

lower

followed

which

the

last

after

entirelysurrounded
upward to
growth extended

The

the

was

months

tooth.

size of

20, 1883,

tumor

a

jaw.

half

and

the

December

on

extracted

Enrique

months

extraction

Epulis.

ing
aspect of the bone, correspond-

outer

the

had

painlessas before, but growing

and

stretched

of the

Don

In three

place, hard

the

man;

Myeloid

Madrid,

Three

pain.

attained

Senor

tumor.

so

bleeding

in
The

187*7.

and

ready

a

man."

Recurrent

for

26, born

aged

,

molar

Jaw

conference,
exact

an

when

from

touched,

The
herent,
adwas
cheek, which
bright,fleshy,red color.
the
at
most
was
so
tightlystretched that it had ulcerated
Neighboring glands
prominent point,but the ulcer had healed.
with
unaffected.
of a nervous
The
were
patient was
temperament,
and

a

of

was

fast and

masticate
There

a

weak

pulse; very
food

her

and

had

slightcongestion at

was

and

anemic
lived
the

emaciated,

for
apex

she could

months

some

of the

fluids.

on

Heart

right lung.

normal

not

in

quantity, and
Her
albumen.
did not contain
braced
good, and emfamily history was
of tumor.
On Dec.
instance
26, 1883, the patient being
no
ing
under
an
anesthetic,the following oj^erationwas' performed. Enter-

and

the knife
carried
This

was

healthy.

were

organs

down
met

at

the

The

urine

as

was

temporo-maxillary articulation,an

along the body of the jaw for about
incision, running
by a second
the
little
to
lower
right of
lip, a

through the
Grasping the

cheek

with

the

left

hand, it

was

half

incision
its

down
the

length.

and
middle

reflected

was

up

back
line.
from

'Journalistic.

the tumor,

which

attachments

of

the level

then
the

of the

well

came

incisor

tooth

The
previously extracted.
being severed close to the bone,

been

insertion

into
and

effected

coronoid

the

the

small, the inferior

labials,and

attachments

and

process,

the

facial

The

muscle

tongue

cut

was

wards
out-

easily

was

which

artery,

its

at

drawn

jaw being

muscular

two

or

had

of the

disarticulation

the

one

applied at

was

saw

anterior

right side, which

temporal

the

removed.

mass

bone, the

lateral

the

Clearing

of the

slightly downwards,

and

view.

the

from

tongue

second

into

277

was

branches

were

ligatured. The large cheek-flap fell well into position,and was
retained
by silver,silk and catgut sutures.
Placing a slip of lint
in the deep incision,a light dressing of
boracic
protective and
wool
was
applied,and the patientplaced in bed on her right side.
was
During the after-dressingthe mouth
daily sponged out with a
mixture

and
tincture
of
containing equal parts of tepid water
for a few
eucalyptusglobulus. A short cough proved troublesome
relieved
of the
The
tincture.
same
days, but was
by inhalations
102"
120.
F., nor the pulse above
temperature did not rise above
The
wound
Ijealed rapidly throughout its entire extent, except
where
of the incision,
a small
opening remained, about the middle
The
discharging saliva.
patientsat up in the bed on the tenth

day

the

after

continues

operation,dressed
perfect health.

in

Reitaeks.

The

"

spindle

giant cells. The
unless
epuli return
or

with
cut

shows

microscope

nucleated

that

cells

Limitation

marked,

by
as

the middle

the

the

line.

groups

of

which

from

It also shows
of

the

at

the

multi

had

taining
con-

nucleated

which

these

moved
they spring be rehad simply been

well

the increased

fibroid

by the articulation
quite to the joint,and

cheek

present

structure

variety.

and

extended

Although

fibrous

reproduced

symphysis

growth

dense

operationthetumor

off,and its site freelycauterized.
in tumors

fourteenth, and

certaintywith

the

part of bone

them; in the former

rapidityof growth

a

and

illustrates

case

the

on

was

well

forward

to

ulcerated, the ulcer,

not

The
of the largestgrowths
removal
being malignant, had healed.
in this region; although, from
the size of the tumor,
section of the
unavoidable.
London
portio dura and consequent deformity were
"

Lancet.
Dextal
of the

Chakity.

"

Dr.

Roosa

struck

Odontological Society last week,

a

happy

when

he

note

at

urged

the dinner
that

den-

278

The

such

tistry,being

a

Archines

DE^"TISTRY.

or

calling,should

prosperous

do

now

little

a

moi'e

for

is
receive
should
no
reason
charity. There
why a mau
if he has a pain in
his
but
stomach,
none
gratuitoustreatment
if he
has
He
be
have
to
a
pain in his tooth.
can,
sure,
his
without
the
tooth
paying, but that is about
pulled out
limit to which
partment
dedental
The
dental
charity has as yet reached.

of
second-hand

forceps,which

indiscrimination, and

kind

be
charity may
supplied simply with

bruised

injured fingers,without
degree or kind of traumatism.

to

as

or

far

not

from

mouth

in

the

and

Certain
than

care

speaking, than
charity,let
the

clean

the poor

saved.

Dental

state, and

services

North

dentist

whether

dental

the
New

pulling.
"

to

York

has

Sciences

"The

on

He
haricot
second
seed

on

the

with

surface.

fewer

no

In

let

good

than

attending

order

by

of

the

quired
pupils re-

1,250
the

that

of

managers

referred

to

children

the

teeth.

The

pointed
apmay

question

li aited

are

of

communication

The

its

is

tooth-

to

having

not

take

was

not

1

the

place.

Academic

Freed

pea

in the

Thus

organisms."
Microand

the

earth, the
before

soil
it

Dudes

from

Dutch

This

M.

"

sterilized

been

altered.

lants.

lie

cotyledon

soil

did

.

in So

experiments
has

.

to

of Plants

for his

milk, but this

their

have

England

Germination

the

germination

teeth, and

their
to

of

name

Record.

bean, the first of which

is sown,

covered

above

Germination
chose

the

In,

examined

in order

a

deal

great

a

School, Anerley, England, have

Medical

recently sent

to

attempt

of all children

weekly,
paid to their

and

pepsia
dys-

abused, surgically

chance

are

attend

services

get

body.

teeth

'83

"

District

Micro-Organisms
cleaux

The

dentists.

of the

attention

proper

1882

year

man's

discomfort,

poor

city

Record.

in Brussels

Surrey

a

Medical

poor

the

will not

preserve
a

from

more

the

given

"

are

to

in this

we

of the

of

annually

much

produces

how

taught
York

schools

How

teeth

organs

Abroad.

during the

the

have

Nexo

"

is

have, and

least,be

at

Charity

communal

the

be

There
wrenched

this
the

to

other

any

mouths,

members

the

it is that

they ought

any

charity.

troubles

of

distinctions

finical

making

teeth

of

name

domestic

estimate.
less

thousand

ten

box

a

with a
amateurs
by young
with varying degrees of skill. Such
compared to a surgical charity,
and a knife for cutting off all
a
saw

of dental
is

generally of

wielded

are

generous

which

consist

city dispensaries

our

seems

was

the
also
that

Journalistic.

it

is

essential

earth.

the

Mr.

be

Drs.

cholera

they

giving

a

has

of

cholera, and

established

not

that

the
he

at the
investigations,

Journal

"

Complete
ciani

to

British

Medical

Dr.

Klein's

that

Dr.

Koch

to

date

that

Medical
of

his duties

ix

the
cerebellum
successfullyremoved
whilst
somewhat
co-ordinating movements
of

healed.

Whilst

under
from
When

healing were
the

completely

conditions,

normal

in-co-ordination

but

restored

of locomotion

process

the

to

make

in Berlin

rather

from

cause

further
will permit.

from

Prof.

"

Lu-

disturbed

dog.
during

when

wound

a

the
not

was

impairment

Dog.

a

has

process

is the

Association.
Cerebellum

the

on

recognizethat

to

India

to

uary
Jan-

India

from

report
appears

return

of

Journal,

fact that the comma-bacillus

earliest

Removal

is free

Association.

proposes

American

that

of

resume

micro-organisms in
he has found, by experiment
from
micro-organisms
of digesthe process
tion.

be

necessary

The

bacillus,states

he

which

are

"

there

states

Medical

Klein.

axd

that

also

food

American

Koch

31, in

thus

that

digested,as

Journal

"

the

Pasteur

animals,

on

cannot

germination

to

279

did

lack

of

the

the movements
dog was
put into water
the act of swimming
were
performed without
but when
the animal
attempted to
irregularity,
force was
insufficient.
Weekly 3Ied. Revieio.

the
was

vigorous

as

not

The

arise

to

seem

muscular

tone.

associated
any
land

as

with

difficultyor
the

muscular

"

On

Life-Saving
R.

Henry

number
He

Exhibition

is

Silvester,who

Society,
recent

Drowning

from

has

makes

of the

Self-Inflation.

by

FothergillMedalist
the following remarkable
Lancet
{Journal American

already

a

demonstrated

at

the

of the

"

Royal

Dr.
mane
Hu-

suggestions in
Medical

tion.)
Associa-

International

Fisheries

a

the

in
possibilityof inflatingthe subcutaneous
space
animals
them
to render
so
as
sufficiently
buoyant to be employed"
either
from
a
singly or yoked together to convey
j^ersons
wreck
the coast; and
of
and
to
later, by means
a
blow-pipe
elastic syringe,he inflated at the wrist the
subcutaneous
tissue
of
the whole
with
the
result
that
in
minutes
sufficient air
a few
body
of between
passed under the skin to support a weight in water
is considerablymore
than
forty and fiftypounds. This amount
would

be

required to preserve a person
sufficient.
His
pounds being considered
in

making

a

small

puncture

"

not

from

drowning,

nine

or

ten

sists
proposed operation conallow
larger then would

280

The

for

instance,of

the

membrane

the

of the

mouth

into

chosen

lower

opposite the
instrument

of

and

jaw

having

been

of the

skin

of

the

and

nose,

efforts,when

freelyinto

the
the

the

and

make

down

and

tissue

of

the

until

the

readily to both
the nipples;and
as
buoyant in water.

sides

pass

has

been

skin

Should

in effect would

amount

clavicle

of

air

the

which

support

body

is found
in

inflated

an

outside

of the

with

air; and

from

the

The
1.

neck

to

be

3.

he

sums

be

is

almost
learned

being required,and
without

less than

proceeding

It may

in water.
three

expiratory
will pass

chest

render

this is

will
far

body

superficialfascia
ence
it,the only differof that

jaw

brane
mem-

above.
is

The

capable of
found

to

amply suflicient to
tion
required for inflaneck may
be kept

time

minutes.

be

as

the

measured, and

The

close

air,which

neck

average

and

should

to

The

the
on
by closing the puncture by pressure
cheek
distended
by the fingeror keeping the mouth
when
required the air may be immediately discharged
tion.
by allowing the puncture to remain
open, or by suc-

quicklydone, and
2.

pounds,

order

expiratory

the

of the

been

tween
be-

condition

advantages
The

has

in

attachments

of the

distension

immersed

with

down

the border

distance

nostrils, should

beneath

the

of the

The

is

by

skin

ten

and

air pass

and

the

be

the

so

the

below

undue

support

neck

point

mouth

neck.

required to
happen that the

limited

holding without
to

it

and
be

the

enough

of the

this is all that

punctured

to

is

about

forcible

of

through the
fully distended

the

fascia.
superficial

patient

cavity of

of

cheek

short

a

efforts,inspirationbeing effected
continued

The

to

ation
situ-

between

removed,

the

The

lip or

jaw.

succession

in the

subcutaneous

formed

chest, the

a

air contained

lower

face

neck.

under

instrument

the

the

angle

passed

the

neck

and

bb

of

done, and

inflate the
mouth

side

of

side of the

cous
mu-

object being
from
the cavity

air

spaces

the

tooth

of the

of

the

the

mouth,

is in the

puncture

first molar

skin

the

passage

perforating,should

the
This

inside

in

"

subcutaneous

for the

of the

gum

ordinary blow-pipe

an

for the

the

Dentistry.

of

of

passage

communication

a

open

Archives

may

as

up

follows:

and
perfectly harmless
immediately recovered
in
be

a

few

minutes,

no

accomplished by

almost

painless,

from.

technical
the

knowledge

person

himself

assistance.
No

point of

a

special apparatus
pen-knife,or even

is
a

required.

In

an

emergency

sharp-pointedsplinterof wood,

the
is

281

Journalistic.

all that

would

The

required.

be

is the

inflating apparatus

person'*

lungs.

own

The

4.

air could

immersion.
Feench

"

the

British

action

was

and

Delens.

M.

brought by

follows:

In

the

slightlyinjured his
neighbor,who
number

in

of
to

a

and

he

Maison

Maison

accused
plaintiff
and

left

de

with

Sante

tubes

a

ducted
con-

used,

daily

of

The

hand.

having treated

of

Piogey

and

that

were

deformed

a

his

Delens

was

weeks

six

After

on.

he

appliedundiluted

Delens

drainage

that

Delens, Trelat

MM.

him

He

forefinger.

appeared,

soon

Bouyer
found

of pus

that

to

He

was

M.

opposed

would

have
of

been
M.

required
could

not

("600) to

the

each

He

had

has
plaintiff,
of the

three

"

Journal

American

an

the
been

could

a

friend.

mutual

him,

of

accepted
de

the

and

bility
responsi-

Sante; his

hopeless condition,
attention
given to

condemned
If

to
some

imported

malpractice suits

Medical

tion.
solu-

in

alcohol

otherwise, his wishes

Maison

necessary

be

deputy.

a

collections

in,and

a

M.

surgeon.

taken

care

almost

defendants.

by this verdict
intelligentjurors of America,
evinced

sense

by

Trelat
to

a

Penieres,

Dr.

treatment;
Mr.

in

was

have

the

removed

Bouyer

it.

for

the

considered.

otherwise

Bouyer,

of

part

any

having

by

secured

also

were

patient expressed gratitude

never

Delens

call

to

necessary

caemia
septi-

of

Symptoms

night.

lymphangitis had set
prescribed dressings of

services

Trelat's

and

the

because

nephew,

serious

very

formed.

had
M.

it

and

of his

help

day

care

recommended

was

the

sought

patient required constant

The

M.

that

he

that

him,

on

as

skillful
by unagainst his will, of having injured him
his damages at 20,000 francs
and names
($4,000).
treatment,
in the
wound
had a deep
Piogey declares that the plaintiff

tortured

M.

M.

and

Sante

de

left the

an

Trelat

and
Trelat
nephew. MM.
the
plaintiffcomplains

his

to

agony

He

his

bleeding wound;
camphor dressings bandaged

alcohol

that

his
case
plaintiff,stated
Bouyer, the
in May, 1883,
box
of
a
act
nailing down
left index
finger. He sent for M. Piogey,

M.

by

longed
pro-

dent
correspon-

against Prof.

Sante

Piogey, and
performed
operations were

called

were

de

OflScier

an

replaced by

was

Paris

The

"

Journal, of February 7, states

Medical

M.

Suits.

Malpractice

in

during

even

Revieio.

Weekli/Medical

Justice

of

repeatedly re-inflated,and

be

Association.

pay
of

3,000
the

for the
would

use

be

dition
con-

and
him.

francs

common

of
less

the
mon.
com-

282

The

Akchives

of

Dentistry

of

Dentistry,

BIBLIOGRAPHIC.

The

Principles

Practice

and

my,
including Anato-

Physiology, Pathology, Therapeutics, Dental
Mechanism.
By Chapin A, Harris, M. D., D. D.
Revised

edition.
M.

and

edited
of

D., D. D. S., author

"Dictionaiy
fessor

of

Medical

of

Mechanism

Dental

"Dental

in

full-pageplates and
Royal 8vo.,
Blakiston, Son

J. S.

S.

and

and

Eleventh
A.

Gorgas,

Medicine," editor

Terminology

M.,

Harris'

of

Surgery," Pi'ODental
Science, Dental
Surgery and
two
University of Maryland. With

Principles of

the

Ferdinand

by

Surgery

the

hundred

seven

and

Dental

forty-fourother

tions.
illustra-

Published
including index.
by P.
Price, cloth, $6.50;
Co., Philadelphia,1885.

"

994,

pp.

sheep, $7.50.
Since

being

The

last

the

prominent

or

this

of

necessitated

has

carried

to

Considerable

subjects; a

a

for the

under

assisted

nearly

dental

by
Gorgas.

the

Dr.

busy practitioner.
supervision of the

Thos.

since

S. Latimer

this

was

of

the

department

every

revision, which,

the

at

of

made

been

have

changes

chapters

new

in

done, the

profession

undertook

the

been

have

and

request of the

the

very

1841, it

was

schools, as well

publishers,Prof. Gorgas
satisfactorycompletion.

and

number

the

having elapsed

another

family

issued

was

years
in

all

reference

edition. Prof.

Nearly fourteen
made
rapid advances
author's

in

of

Philip H. Austin,

editor

have

book

revision

tenth

appeared, which

this work

principaltext-book

late Prof.
the

of

the

lias been
as

first edition

the

and

arrangement

added,

as

well

of
as

mer
nearly every chapter in the forhas resulted
edition,involving a great deal of labor,but which
task
well
in bringing the work
that, as
up to the present time, a

important

the

editor

new

work
The

Bones

additions

claims, could
been

the

Description
of

the

of

of

text

have

hardly

added

an

entirely

Head
Mucous

and

Calcification

of
the
Development
Face; Temporo-Maxillary Articulation;

Membrane;

PyorrhcBa; Aphthous

and

The

ihcludes:

Teeth; Analysis of Tooth

Dentition;

greater had

been

undertaken.

matter

new

of

the

to

The

Origin

and

Development

Structures; Secondary Dentine;

Decalcification

Stomatitis; Thrush;

of

the

Teeth; Alveolar

Sanguinary

Calculus;

284

The

The
for

Monatschrift

December,
Quite

editor

of

The

of

1884,

contains

different

from

the

laws

of

treatment

We

have

the

does

titles

the

a

It is the

by
The

article

sensitive

Another

country, the

believes

in the

in

of

the

bolstering

examinations.

interestingreprint

about

(See p. 250.)

our

readers.

the

Oesterreichisch-Ux-

ZaHNHEILKUNDE.

Austrian

an

is about

far, to

dental

is

and

paper

lished
pub-

the

author

gives

local

anesthesia.

Dr.

by

review

a

Zsigmondy

aconitia

of

anesthetizing effect

the

secure

is

article

this

Smid.

dentine;

thus

employed

in

one-sided

very

FUR

of

Heinrich

first

and

first number

first number

Dr.

cles.
interestingarti-

of

stock

any

give to

we

ViERTELJAHRSSCHRIFT

GARlSCHE

upon

steel which

take

not

contains

received

Zahxkunstler

large number
public drift

a

monopolies protected by
number

Deutscher

regulating dentistry;he

the fittest and

December

Dentistry.

of

Vebeins

des

fightsagainst

survival
up

Akchives

the

of

cavities

upon

means

between

teeth.
Dr.

Jules

Austrian

of

dentistryat

op

Surcrery
D.

J. S.

S.

and

universities

"

there
of

the

for

a

Association

to

D., D. D.

of

April, 1885.

the

Secretary

who

year

should
aims

Reprinted

by

have

M.

D.,

Ferdinand

from

Philadelphia:

the
P.

volume

1884.

The

to

be

of

on

keep

the
the

abreast

American

of the

Inde-

Blakis-

of the

Dental

now

become

Floral

Guide

ciation
Asso-

Transactions

of the

records

of

this

history of

the

profession in

table
with

and
the

in the

stitute
Society con-

libraryof

indispensable

to

every

this

every

progressivespiritof

volumes, always valuable, steadily increase

These
and

Dentistry,

Harris,

A.

edited

and

S.

annual

prominent part
and

Chapin

revised

M

of the

copy
for the

a

of

1885.

indebted

are

country

Co.,

By

edition;

M.,

A.

Practice

and

Mechanism.

Eleventh

Gorgas,

ton, Son

times.

it that

tal
Physiology, Pathology, Therapeutics, Den-

pendetitPractitioner

dentist

take

we

different

the

of

antiseptic treatment

published

Principles

the

including Anatomy,

We

index

an

the

on

Empire.

History

D.

article

an

From

eight teachers

are

A

has

cavities.

root

open

Sheff

in

the
cellence,
ex-

studious

practitioner.
Vick''s Annual

comes

to

us

with

each

returning

Bibliographic.

It is the

spring.

for its accuracy
its

Vick's

elegance.

for freshness
number

purity,as

of

form.

Germany,

William

in

It shows

all dental

contains

the

to

side

other

of

Methods.

popul ation
population

a

of

cannot

in their

remedies

mechanical

added

is

which

and

of

million

a

as

list of

a

is

space

College
practiceson
the

all

by

tempt
con-

reputable

countries.

of

Skin

the

before

methods"

Novel

by

Section

the

relate

various

which

Means

of

massage,

methods

of

Dermatology

the

to

gress
Con-

John

By

methods

the

and

Medical

mainly

and

forms,

comprise

surgical

the

of

portant
im-

each

express

is held

institution

read

paper

oleates

tists
den-

each

of

its fraudulent

Words

Diseases

means

us

Dental

Syphilis,at the Meeting of the International
at
Copenhagen, Denmark, August, 18S4.
Shoemaker, A. M., M. D., Philadelphia.
"novel

to

Considerable

and

The

S.

the

in

items, such

Wisconsin

working

fraudulent
other

op

A

be

dentists

of

the

the

Atlantic.

this

Treatment

list of

valuable

of

to

the

in this and

complete

published, etc., etc.

seems

in which
dentists

a

a

seventy-fivedentists.

about

other

exposure

which

SHAME,

with

only

journals now

devoted

comes

number

the

Empire

the

little book

The

The

two

quarter, supports

a

contains

Berlin, for instance, with

cities.

these

the

experience of

an

graved
700, and
handsomely ennumbering over
distinguished individuals,viz.,Dr. Siiesen

now

Herbst.

city

book

The

portraitsof

and

unexcelled

are

Almanac

Dental

Annual

for

as

C. W.

Peteeman's

Adolf

improved

and

testifyafter

can

we

garden,

of years.

Dr.
in

and

and

flower

seeds, both

is valuable

illustration,as well

descriptionand

of

catalogues, and

of all the

beautiful

most

285

V.

ment
employknown

as

compression, etc.,to
puncturing, leeching,

scooping, incisions,cauterization,etc.
Letters

from

Growth
Mrs.
We

W.

have

be offered

of

T.

to
the

Teeth.

B. Welch

expressed

the

most

Mother

a

"

the

Formation,

the

Wife

of

a
Dentist,
By
Son., Philadelphia, 1885.

books

useful

intelligentmothers
by the publishersat

on

appreciation of this
and
enlarged form,

our

its present revised
of

one

of

J.

before
In

work.

hands

Care

and

M.

Mother

a

of

the

so

that

can

this country.

low

a

price as

to

valuable

tle
lit-

it is unquestionably

be

placed

in the

We

trust

it will

lead

to

its free

The

286

Archives

Dentistry.

of

distribution

by practitionersof dentistry,as a means
the
in
important topics discussed
people upon
has achieved
for
reputation which the authoress

of

the

these

The

time

short

since

became

its excellence

of

guarantee

she

writer

a

well

as

its

as

letters.

herself

in the

subjectsis

dental

upon

educating

a

utility.

EDITORIAT..

York

Nev^

the

heard

have

more

the

extensive

dental

to

as

the

methods

at

While

least;

afford

in

all their
all

that

so

has

going
inaugurated

the

present day

reasonable

every

colleges
been

been
at

that

vogue,

medical

this

have

improvements

large cities

in the

schools

So

work.

institutions

prominent

in the

the

of

necessity of higher
oft-repeatedand so persistent

against the
begun to regard

missionary

less

or

concerning

of late

have

for

ground

fit

1885, No.

14

applicableto

as

in this countrj'.

Americans

many

is

March

the

the protests

been

have

Journal,

much

education

medical

on,

Medical

from

EDUCATOR.

.\N

journal.

medical

We

as

AS

following editorial,taken

The
the

JOURNAL

MEDICAL

THE

facility for

instruction.
practical

yet there

And

which

that
There

are

originalor
who

djes

scientific

the

than

that

which
memory

There

lends

the

to

faculties, those

is

no

attributes

as

the

a

of

counteracting

the

of the

mental

of

are

system

had

lack of

rapidity
led

been

to

accomplished
is

cerned.
con-

little of

that

an

expected from
acquisition. Just

be

that

reasoning
the

True, the faculty of memory
originalresearch.
a leading part
during the acquisitiveperiod
need

a

mand.
de-

egregious misconception

more

which

is

that

work

answered

threshold

plishing
accom-

medicine

dependencies

reasonably

to

exclusion

with

system
its

be

can

countenance

the

and

it may

character

fallacy.

far

so

not

are

plenty;but there

advance

not

college

yet barely upon

are

lies the

the

least, in

at

true,

in

schools

of scientific

educational

new

this accusation

here

with

of the

precinctsof

the
To

those

interests

the

advocates

the

the

feelingthat

vague

highest
practicalgood fellows

is
anticipate.This
within

a

research
fire";original

"sacred
which

is

very

deals
and

corner

solely
tive
imaginastone

of

plays, of necessity,
of

automatism

education;
thertfey

but

the

engen-

Editorial.

dered

is all the

is the

realization

been

solved, at

the

least

that

German

as

is initiated
clinical

enters

medical

simplest manner.

in the

laboratory and
he

far

as

student

the

result,

work

upon

the

long
practice of

apprentice upon the
loftyconceptions of the possibilitiesof

thought

is due

the

Germany
to-day; and let
of any science
progressive tendencies
of its literature.
is

has

literature
literature

that

in
the

of

itself is

cradle
him

of

rising thought

but

right
are

eyes
least

the
bear

it to

of

accustomed

to

blush

testimony
witness.

a

with

as

ence
sci-

a

the

time

has

to

of

a

unseen,"
any

medical

has

been
editor

of

doubted?
un-

ical
medthe
and

antry
pedcouraged
en-

This

men.

the

the

sion.
profes-

with

same,

More

due

measure

themselves,
material

volumes,
before

besides

and

where

prominence

age
it is-

independent
practiced

whose

in

of

one

the

the

to

journalism,
discovered

their

than

gratifying;

most

of

And

are

able,

in young

tivity
ac-

point

which

been

literature

of

piousness
co-

icine
med-

of American

three

or

promising

flower

the

counteracted

graduation.

editors

discern

to

two

the

the
journals constitute
profession to-day, let

American

added

in

gratitude of

medical

of

that

States.

merits,

the

medical

in American

service

contributors

medical

of the

expected. Many

"doomed

as

as

but

educational

it has

as

it is in great

that

state

an

it has

medical
forty articles, to
thirty. This of itself is

exertions

al
origin-

not

forgotten

United

the

original thought

in the

the

gentlemen

to

that

recently developed

scientific

far

as

that

lists

the

expressed by

and

one

of

doubts

one

the

for us, from

commend

to

any

thirty or
of

enough

young

trade,

callingboth

interest

the

this,that

schools,

If

as

these

the

in

expression

compare

ages

his

discernible

great distinctive

consists

journalism
sown

profession

be

are

throughout

done

the

mind,

own

our

it not

with

its intrinsic

view, irrespectiveof
To

Hence

coextensive

only

in medical
what

of

literaryexpression of

enormous

in

abroad

of

profession.

a

this fact

To

his

cerned,
con-

graduates, and,

his
of

are

schools
charms

he

exercise

as

the

hidden

before

the

institutions

In

into

shoemaker's

and

But

postponement.

no

psychological demands, necessary
though
of
We
not
practicalpossibility?
rei)ly,
range
problem i",capable of solution, but that it has actually

that

a

of

the

they
only

country

admits

and

of these

be, within

and

evident,

more

287

"

it

was

apparently,
this way,
will

as

amply

The

288

Nor

these

have

Archives

offices been

good

Dentistry.

of

by

confined

means

any

lated
iso-

to

contagious,and the precepts
have
been
of the few
by the many.
gradually followed
the
to endeavor, at all comparable to
is no encouragement
There
of mental
development, at
"printed word"; nor is there any means
instances,for the example has been

equal to the systematic and conscientious
professionalhistories of those who have

all
the

the

of

use

ly
it abundant-

used

thus

as

pen,

testify.
advice

Our
would

to

his

take

any

of

man

young

professional destiny

into

his

who

ambition

and

parts

is, think

hands

own

write.

and

Society was
meeting of the Illinois State Dental
held at Peoria
beginning on May 12th, and continuing fovir days.
attendance
The
was
larger than usual, although it is usually large,
in the state, a
resident
the active members
and comprised, besides
from
other
honorary members
long list of corresponding and
annual

The

The

states.

discussions

read

papers

them

upon

Thos.

President,

Vice-President,

Secretary,

J. W.

Ass't-Sec,

P. J.

Treasurer,

C, B.

Librarian,

Wm.

A

of the

The

meeting

and

there

is

Rohland, of Alton,
B.

Ames,

will be

last year

of

Chicago.

larger than that
expected to turn out en
most
cordiallygreeted.

for
papers:

to

license

the
to

"Bleeding

caterpillary.

found

in this

another

on

to

The

masse,

aud

'"'"Medical Times

practicemeditine
from

the

nose

by this Society
in July next
(Tth)

dentists
of

those

and

of this State

other

Gazette'''

wrote

is neither

State

number.

of this

page

held
largest ever
believe
the meeting

of last year.

journal.

of the Missouri

Meeting

the

was

reason

will be

According

The

value.

for the

Twenty-firstAnnual

good

the

ensuing year were:
L. Gilmer, of Quincy.
of Chicago.
B. Woodward,
W.
Wassail, of Chicago.
Kester, of Chicago.

Association

Dental

and

interest

great

and

excellence

customary

report of the proceedings will appear

Notice

it is

of

were

elected

principalofficers

of the

were

in
venus

a

are

States

will be

female

date
candi-

examination

her
nor

artillery;

THE

Archives of Dentistry.
J
A

Vol.

Monthly

No.

n..

Record

Dental

of

JULY,

7.]

Of

all the

chief

in

which

the

is

main

The
arch
lower

end

worked

improved

While

been

The
not

may

apparatus

into

various

by

Drs.

pretend

to

stimulate

these

legged

for

this

better

instruments
compass.

offering

have

attained

some

of

his

because

THE

YORK

for

apparatus

has

to
not

modifications

few

his

to

The

name

they

act

and

W

greater

been

of

upon

the

of

wire

spring, greatly
for

mechanical

mittent
inter-

necessities,

complished.
satisfactorily ac-

his
but

spreaders
has

exertion

calipers
the

for

use

apparatus

highest ideal,

readers

the

by

tal
den-

approximate

to

easy

others;

owing
yet

as

U

the

especially

pressure
the

CITY.

spreading

clumsiness,

and

Coffin

a

NEW

S,,

of

purpose,

attainments.

D.

continued

Talbot,

WIDENING

comparatively

modifications

for

in

of

been

difficult, and

more

writer

produce

D.

D.,

avoidance

it has

in

pressure
has

M.

FABRAR,

the

been

jaw.

this

N.

well."

ARCH.

difficulty in devising

has

writing

FOR
DENTAL

J.

excel,

vise

masterpiece

CALIPER-SPREADERS

BY

Series.

[New

ARTICLES.
arts

Nature's

Art.

and

1885.

ORIGINAL
"

Science

has

principle

in

thought
efforts

been
of

does

given
the

curved

it
to
to

The

290

go

a

pressure,

not

believes

be

to

the

teeth, and

the
that

one

of

acme

will

scientific attainment

for

eventually be

regulating
adopted by

and

accepted
practicable,becausein harmony

professionwhenever

the

Dentistry.

of

well in many,
practicablein all cases, they serve
long way in attainingthe great desideratum, intermittent
the wrifor these cases, a principleof applied force which
ter

Although
and

Archives

with

iological
phys-

law.'
Like

devices

other

some

somewhat

difficult

to

mentioned
but

construct,

applicationis generallysimple
another

than

more

highest aim

the

of
of

should

the

dentist

of
with

success

the

that

of

cost

modifications

when

and
be

in

urged

should

in

readiness

If there

easy.

be

this

to

these

papers,

once

is any

the

to the

of

the

spreader,

of

some

clumsiness

will

patient,regardless

which

or
(nickel-plated),

with

rests, and

The

consist

of

e, and

delicacy.
illustrates the simplest modification

1

piece X,
wire

osophy.
phil-

reduced

four

parts,

a

tooth

clasps or
made
be
of gold, steel
for strength and
rigidity,

suitable

metal

the

with

steel wire

a

other

shown

are

materiallydisappear.

be
said to
caliper-spreadermay
body, two points a a, the spreading device
bands
c c, see
Fig. 6, all of which
may

of

that

different
figuresillustrating

several

are

The

Fig.

is

appliances.

in size the apparent

combined

thing

gree
greatest de-

exaggerated proportions in order to more
clearlyshow
The
will readily see, however, that when
reader

in

are

their

one

it

matter

attain

least inconvenience

the

this paper

Accompanying

in former

bent
a

of

the
or

groove
two

operation of

percentage

in

form

this

cases,

u

u, which

device, which

consists

in

letter

a

in each

hole

a

ferules

of

and

consists

V, and

extremity

slide

on

a

stiff

simply
bridge-

in which

the

them.

is

only applicablein a small
springing the legs apart by causing

wire
the
bow
ward
toapproach each other, which draws
the bridge or cross-piece. To prevent the ferules
from
ping
slipmade
with points on
of place,they are
tht
inside which
out
of pitsmade
in the bridge-piece.
fit in a row
ifications
Fig's 2, 3, 4 and 5, illustrate the principleparts of different modferules

the

to

to

having the two
spring apart by means

1.

Regarding

this law

see

sides
of

made

screws

DentoJ

in
and

Cosmos,

one

piece which are made
wedge nuts
arranged in

January

1876.

292

The

9 shows

be

to

the

to

working

sunken

similar

in

the

to

a

comb-like

shown

extension

The

wedging

nut

F

the

web, which

soldei'ed

the

apart by
For

a

on

of

screw

by

wing, V,

a

bifurcation

the

body

in order
be

may

thin

a

this

avoid

thus

second

to

be

to

fallingout

(about

the

the

tissues

the

other

parts

should

is their

Death

the

the chief

Journal

Medical

active

England.
the
and

value

had

all the

A
same

of

if not

of

in

the

views
vaccination

remaining

was

this

death

to

death
of

of

spreader
points

or

In

Cosmos)

an

a

yond
be-

sion
concluover

the

across

if

properly

use.

BHtish

The

"

of

in

had

belief

a

a

front

devices

these

small-pox
who

and
in

tied

be

vaccination

of

converted

members

of

no

from

gentleman

by the

or

in

gum

the

jaw, which

lower
or

contact

the

to

(not shown).
Dental

little

in

not

the

only

upon

legs

Antivacchstator.

an

the

of

shows

spreaders, when

prevent

k, Fig. 9,

energetic opponents

brother

as

average

project through

advantage

of

are

announces

and

of

Fig. 7

but

near

wire-like

teeth

the

to

Small-Pox

from

gold

a

made

be

use.

these

To

slender

of

one

adaptation

well, but

work

in

lie close

also

clamp-bands

that

calipers

with

model

itnpinge

c,

said

zinc

a

will

c

be

should

of

clasps

to

they

they

yoke-jackscrews(explained

made

all

knitting-needle) should

wire

cases.

when

inconvenience.

or

rubber

some

to

step

a

it may

mouth

in

serve

legs of

that

place, the

of

the

to

hinge.
the

so

least

threaded

a

loosely riveted

hard

size of

string or

a

of

in

devices

closely to the

leaving

the

cause

and

legs of

points or

every

remaining teeth, and

the

order

moved,

be

to

these

fitted at

be bent

and

plate

the

made

readily seen,

applied, should
to

lie

of

T

nut

N.

of

thickness

will

teeth

be

any

swivel

a

modification

a

may

of

force

screw

jaw

constructing

As

most

of

bows, and

ear-pieces

to

serve

minimum

the

the

inside

consists

little

to

action

size in order

with

broad

intended

are

in

closed

Fig 8,for closing the

The

device

light as possible and

from

in

from

lower

the

hinge

with

relations,which

V.

wing,

the

its

(not shown) and

recess

one

Dentistry.

of

N, and

screw

irritation.

prevent

In

Archives

of the

one

the

west

formerly
in

the

unvaccinated

family protected.

of

tained
main-

efficiency
son

and

Dental

DENTAL

SOCIETIES.

AMERICAN
-sixth

Thirty
SECTION

ON

for

AND

the

the

Geo.

Archives,

citrate

procure

it.

From

the

drug, it

IN

cocaine

have

we

in dental

report of the

My

I have

and

son

with

operations,but
have

we

which

in

cases

SURGERY."

"

tried, because

not

J. S. Marshall.

By Dr.

DENTAL

Orleans.

274.

PAGE

FROM

CONCLUDED

"cocaine

JBriedrichs,New

H.

La., April 28, 1885.

Orleans,

Dentistry,

of

on

hydrochlorate of

The

at New

SURGERY

ORAL

DISCUSSION

Dr.

Held

Meeting,

DENTAL

Reported

ASSOCIATION.

MEDICAL

Annual

293

Societies.

no

cess.
suc-

unable

been

Marshall

Dr.

used

to

used

has

the

citrate

superior to the hydrochlorate.
pain he speaks of as being caused by the applicationof the
sensitive dentine, is caused, no
to
doubt, by the abstraction

of

fluids contained

The

the

tunding

be

to

seems

effect may

has

J.

it

opinion of
is of
I

of

amount

been

Dr.

might

be

safe

ients

as

be

hot

gums,

or

a

for the

in

suffered

of

general
cocaine

of

the

operating upon

of

the

be

decrease

after
in the
It has

pain.

I have

been
some

serviceable, and

at

hoping

teeth.

moving
re-

trunk, that teeth

nerve

sufferingoften
their

tooth

one

that

been

and

injectedhypodermi-

without
"

pulp

one

operation.

an

were

Islands.

have

would

such

solution

region

material

a

under

Sandwich
and

extracted

have

its influence

that

the

hydrochlorate

anaesthetizing
with

gums

in the

dentist

relief

the

that

pain, and

under

I believe

operations.

if the

that

introduced

while

the

experience with cocaine
solution of the hydrochlorate,

successful.

very

the

to

Smith, Honolulu,
years

pa

little

pain usually

extracted

many

time

been

solution

the

of

use

ob-

My

"

cent

per

succeeded

but

recommended

callyinto
might be

four

in dental

have, however,
the

the

not

little benefit

applying

Orleans.

profession to

it with

the

by

the

alcohol, etc.

has

the

this process

by

it is

produced, just as

entirelywith

and

tubuli; and

the

Walker., New

R.

been

in

be

air blast, absolute
Dr.

much

practicing
remedy
the

same

experienced by

our

294

The

I have

been

I have

not

Archives

with

delighted

the

Dr.

of

paper

Marshall

caine.
co-

upon

opportunity to test the merits of the drug, as
I have for the present given up my
profession,but from the cases
reportedby Dr. Marshall I should expect good results from it.
arsenic
The
with
essayistremarked
[that he finallydevitalized
of the pulps which
with the hydrochlohe tried to anaesthetize
one
of

rate

The
could

"

had

Dentistry,

of

an

cocaine.
used

amount

(60 to

parts of

100

a

grain) is

and

small

very

generallyused I have seen
very bad
it and I always hesitate to apply it.
results from
Dr. A. E. Baldwin, Chicago. I have had no
experiencewith any
other form
than
of cocaine
the hydrochlorate,and my
experience
do

no

harm, but

as

"

with

it has

been

very

the

much

same

that

as

in the

described

cases

and the gentlemen who
have justspoken.
reported by Di*. Marshall
One
I will relate.
which
the cocaine
experience I have had with
In excavating a cavity under
hydrochlorate,and failingto get the
anaesthetic effect,yet feelingthat something must
be done
to quiet
the patient,I applied to the gum
the apex of the root
a pelover
let
saturated
with sulphuricether, and
of cotton
to my
tonishment
great asout
I was
able to finish the preparation of the cavity withwith
since
as
pain. I have tried it upon cases
good results.
With
regard to arsenic I should say that the 100th part of a grain
is the
would
be just as effective as a whole
want
grain. All we
irritant effect,
and that can
be gained just as well with a small dose
with a large one.
I am
in the habit of applying dialized iron to
as
in
the gum
after the arsenic is in place as a precautionary measure
those

cases

where

I find it necessary

for devitalization
I think
to

the

result of

he

the

pulp.
in
variability

the

applying it,than
been
glad if Dr.
of the

of

the

condition

to

any

Marshall

Friedrichs.

"

I

think

the

tooth

in the

be well

for

us

the

and

drug

described

the

the

to

the effect of

pathologicalconditions

caries,and

experimented. It will
with the drug.
Dr.

had

resort

Referring again

of

change

to

to

of

the

use

drug

to

the

itself.

the
do

arsenic
of

is due

I should

cases

this in

the

upon
our

ground just taken by
Cocaine
is supposed to be

caine,
co-

more

methods

minutely

more

of

to

use

of
have

extent

which

ments
experithe

last

local
a
speaker is entirelyuntenable.
neither are the nerve
anaesthetic.
The
pulp is not a nerve
proper,
fore
fibres of the dentine, they contain
nothing but neuralemma; thereof the caries would
have no
the depth or extent
weight.

This

sensitive.

not

are

cavity is usually the

shallow

The

295

Societies.

Dental

I had

sensitive.

most

opportunity

Healthy pulps

demonstrate

to

on

one

time after
a short
boy was
brought to me within
incisor tooth,
central
a
receivingan injury which had splitopen
with
a
probe
leaving the pulp fullyexposed; this I could touch
without
causing the least pain.
used at different times in the same
Cocaine
always
case, does not
occasion

the

give
at

when

a

results.

same

while
sitting,

one

Baldvnn.

Dr.
taken

The

"

individuals

some

it has

another

at

facts, but

as

In

simply

been

advanced

ideas

proved

a

success

failure.

a

intended

not

were

I

opinion.

an

as

it has

be

to

ever,
surprised,how-

am

When
vate
excawe
pulp is not sensitive.
Where
dentine
is sensitive.
a cavityhaving a livingpulp,the
from
the pulp?
The
does the dentine
get its sensation, if not
be transmitted
centers, and if
by the pulp to the nerve
pain must
learn

to

this is
caine

so

the

must

seen

The

sensitiveness

is

exalted

forms

of

that

the

force

of

the

the

the

at

of

apex

that.

Friedrichs

deal

hydrochlorate a great
habit
and
the

of
the

rubber

teeth

by Dr. Friedrichs
paralyzed or rendered

its

or

been

using

very

much

the

rubber

consequent

I did

"

I think

of

cocaine.

by injectingthe

the

there

gums

have

been

early enough to
therefore
cannot
speak

and

of

use

different

very

cocaine.

operating upon
pleased with the
dam

I

thetic
anaes-

arrive

not

in

dilution

dam

fibres may

nerve

it is not

root.

in

others

pulps that

of

read

and

The

irritation.

by Dr. Marshall,
My experience is however

upon

have

the

such

any

tive.
always been sensitions
pathological condi-

have

in certain

was

blow,

Orleans.

Thurber, New
the paper

and

pulp

found

never

Dr. Friedrichs.

spoken

case

improbable

hear

Dr.

In the

co-

fibres.

lesions

traumatic

various
"

by

membranes

mucous

experience I have

all my

described

under

On

nerve

pulp as
exposed by

by
ruptured
Dr.

In

"

Marshall.

all

sensitive.

be

must

of the

and
Dr.

normal

by paralyzing the

act

condition
I have

a

pulp

Walker.

Dr.

at

that

of

the

would

with

I

have

teeth

results.

used

of
I

that

am

of
the

children
in

the

prevent the ingress of moisture

to

have

the

from

solution.
be

been
the

I
pulps 1 have had better success.
of sensitive
remedy as an obtunder
it.
willing to do without

less

If

all would

failures

unsuccessful

in
in

solution, but

consider
dentine

cocaine
and

with

a

I

use

the

hydrochlo
extracting
extirpating

very
should

valuable
not

be

296

The

Dr.

Wtlliams.
has
the
I

Tannic

experience with the hydrochlorate of
that of the majority of those
who
have

like

The

paper.

failures

have, however,
each

cases

but

of

the failures

With

regard

have

the

seen

is not

these

will

occur

sensitive, I

been

greater than

failures

same

calcis,chloride
obtund
often

more

the statement

to

Dentistry.

of

acid, sulph. ether, aqua

certain

pulp

My

"

been

Akchives

of

the
than

Dr.

in other

cussed
dis-

the

cesses.
suc-

remedies.

calcium, etc.; in

of

sensitiveness
the

caine
co-

tine,
den-

of

successes.

Friedrichs

normal

the

that

experience does
not
with his.
I once
had occasion
into a pulp which
to open
agree
had not
been
cayed,
previously irritated,but the tooth was
slightlydein this case
I found
the pulp quite sensitive.
Dr. Friedrichs.
In the
case
just spoken of by Dr. Williams
am

to

sorry

that

say

my

"

there
have

lesion

was

a

been

to

while

in my

a

Dr.
the
from

Marshall

was

and

two

tooth, and
less

or

there

case

The

the

greater

received

was

in

closed

the

discussion
and
see

the

the

pulp was in a normal
in any particular.
by saying that he had

the

without

exclusion

the

difference

no

before

tooth

in

jury
in-

dition.
con-

used

of moisture
effect.

the

The

of
by Dr. Friederichs, in his use
the hydrochlorate,asjoccurring in ^,the
individual
at different
same
have
been
the result of the
must
sittings,
decomposition of the
successes

failures

alike

not

are

of

lesion

no

hydrochlorate both with
the cavity,but
could
and

extent

consequently

cases

consequently the pulp must
in a pathologicalcondition,

mentioned

solution.
For

the

cocaine

benefit

for

of those

trial,I would

prepared to furnish
pills prepared at
that

which

may

be

Dr.
"A

I have

Jacob

to

my

say

would
that

Health

the

"

citrate

the

procure

McKesson|

Robbins

are

of

now

now.

Williams, of Boston,
on

like to

professionwith|thedrug in one-eighthgram
but
suggestion. The price I cannot
name,
It
using cost from 80c to $1 per gram.

cheaper

L.

Suggestion

the

been

somewhat

Essential

who

Proper

and

then

Altenation

^read
of

Rest

a

paper
with

entitled,
Effort, as

Strength.
ABSTEACT.

Jifr. Chairman
In my
from
the

the

and

Gentlemen:

early pupilage
venerable

effect,"When

I

Dr.

received

once

John

engaged

in

C.
a

a

Warren,

very

valuable
since

suggestion

deceased,
long
long surgicaloperation of half

to
an

Dental

hour

or

and

in duration, the

more

them

in that

raise

the

the

and
if you

look

out

More

that

applicationof
fatigued.
I refer

is

and
lost

a

other

sight of.

Some

be;

as

and

this

Illustrations
all times

of

is often
times

continues

perhaps

he

finds

has

into

that

drops at

to

much

too

his

at

emphasis

upon

the

In

work

cordage

day, and
ers
pow-

pause

rower

or

strength is gone

not

pedestrian
pr

his

specialdepartment of practice,
and
the
during
day,
continuously

in the

in the

a

called

to

stitution
con-

our

evening,till the

wind; and

shake

nerves

if the individual

does

in one
knowledge occurred
to bring
long period of rest needed
strength.

chair, as

of his former

sometimes

ambitious

until his

hours

many

least,he finds

essayistalso

the

sometimes

failed,and

has

his post. The

this, extra

loose

study during

the

his health

shattered.

permit or subject our
suffering;such strain
and

produce

to

continuous

with

completely
add

semblance
The

ens,"
strength-

"exercise

mere

night; as a result the mental
sometimes
permanently so.
will not
cannot
or
professionalman

the

or

labor

at
a

become

have

they

tion,
exhausto
fatigue carried
for weakening
or
debility.
in
in
all occupations and

common

sometimes

fall dead

not

name

his efforts

many

so

that

another

crowded

business

then, but

like

continuous

is the

faculty.

see

are

debilitated,

for rest, until
even

vision

which
they represent principles

we

it is carriad

become
The

only
this

with

return

of life.

Youth
many

is

dow
win-

the

ever."

as

after

necessary

this

of

then

part of

strength are
that the longer and more
to think
ously
vigortheir
faculties, the stronger
they must

seem

result

a

well

work

abroad

elements

exercise

can

will

to

greatest ophthalmologists has

or

of any

notion

common

circumstances

such

you

injury to

study

to

exercise

the

they

as

opinions because

in the

good

see

of

cause

eyes

these

to

There

the

can

two;

America's

of

great

one

the

with

operation

object in a distant
operation, step to

some

or

fatigued,

become
the

under

leave

so

you

one

on

minute

a

and

recently

written

hold

for

rest

do

can

refreshed

eyes

continue

to

It is better

let them

or

room,

will sometimes

eyes

unsafe

condition.

eyes

and
the

difficult and

it will be

297

Societies.

stance
in-

my

attention

to

the

fact that

patients to the endurance
often requiring several days

been

productive

term

co?itinnous

of serious

should

we

of
to

from

not

continuous

recover

results.

because
effort,

back

He
this

from,

placed
comes

298

The

the

harm

when

be

never

when

On

and

of the

account

of Dr.

professionallife,viz..

our

tired

are

let your

lateness

Williams

motion

Dentistry.

of

beyond simple fatigue, Fatigue should
This
rule should
be
point of exhaustion.

to the

in

early
you

On

carried

carried

learned

Archives

patients do the

of the hour

deferred

was

the Section

then

section

Jacob

L.

of the

paper

Dr.

read

but

it is very

and

those

the

have

should

a

twice

in my

wisdom.

the

the

ranks, but from

practice
and

have

the
law

of nature,

we

been

Rest

body
must

has

of

in

the

if

we

of the
after
sooner

perform
and

ourselves

given

eye

and

exercise,and
or

later pay

vices,
ser-

patients

our

discuss

my
force

under

paper
my

just as

by

learned
best

the

the
its

experience

in

of

the

ments
state-

discussion.

acquaintance
after

fail

the

and

to

penalty

very

body
of

rest

obey
of

I

tions.
opera-

the
as

necessary

if we.

from

entered

recently

so

of

king
ma-

us.

I cannot

eye

to

of

tion
condi-

now
our

fatigueexperienced
would
keep the mind
is

force

own

my

I have

appreciatethe

can

the

been

I believe

having
of the

from

gentlemen are
they will be forced

later

that

one

who

in

make

to

These

the dentists

among

is necessary

of the

organs

I
made

complain

perfect health.

has

ambition

those

cannot
to

strength,

our

early.
these
suggestions

from

so.
or

surgeon,

medicine

also that

of them
Rest

in

of

down

whom

This

subject is

suggestions

found

many

do

sooner

knowledge

my

discussion

the

up

Dr.

tem.

pro

overtax

we

rest, and

cannot

which

dental

took

who

acknowledge.

The

chairman

class

professionallife,but

"

standpoint of

once

gentlemen

needed

they

health

Baldwin.

at

a

good health we
consequently it is a duty

preserve

the

As

Without

and

Dr.

to

the

practicebreak

mistake, which

of health

by

viz., those

the

think

grave

failure

take

session.

Wednesday

much
is very
given in the paper
professionwho practice dental surgery,

of

warn,

will not

circumstances

full

a

classes

two

are

money

advice

difficult to heed.

who

paper

to

The

"

per
pa-

Williams.

that part of the

by

There

Dr.

by

the

of

session.

order

to

same.

adjourned.

Williams, of Boston, and

Walker.

needed

called

was

possible, just

discussion

the

till the

Wednesday's

The

rest, if

an

this
raged
out-

law.
Dr.

Marshall.

consider

"

of great

The

suggestions in the

value, especiallyto

paper

now

practitionersof

before
dental

us

I

gery.
sur-

300

The

be

never

back

permitted
from

Dr.

which
for

rest

15

and

to

so

the

work.

grains of bromide
before operating and

of
have

takes

in

a

am

in

with

the

than

greater

consideration

highly

obtained

is

of

habit

prescribing

of

half

marked

our

condition

nervous

from

also

dread

nervous

potassium

tinted

be

paper
into

a

be reflected

to

glaringlight.

a

the

have

I

cases

20

of

It

often

should

avoid

range

times

many
In such

walls

to

as

ourselves.

are

directions,or

two

The

patients. They

our

over

hour

I think

"

concerns

opeiations
from

wall.

color

Dentistry.

of

from

come

neutral

Baldwin.

that

to

glaring

a

soft and

some

Archives

hour

an

benefit

to

an

from

its

use.

Dr.

/Smith.
With

eyes.
almost

I think

"

the

for

the

weary

there

is added
Dr.

by
eyes.

get the

several

and

eyes

tell

will

they
glasseswe have
much

the

strain

hours

every

of

them

or

day;

this

No

class
as

and

I have
the

Dr.

doubt

no

result

to

the

secure

trusted

work,

and

Every
this

would

much

discussion

fear that

their

should

with

a

the

eyes

the

effect of the

for

the

cannot

light is

arrangement

do

to

of

with

bringing

be

saying

many

dentists

derived

from

considered

justed
properly adby their patients

failing,and therefore
operations. This is a great
artificial helps in their
use

eyes

are

not

to be

mistake.
delicate

eyes.

have

upon

handle

greatly lessen

to

by

it will be

delicate

save

dentist

mounted

the

watchmakers

thus

it has

advantages

with

and

lens

that

that their

longer

Engravers

but

closed

admission

an

strongest

justimentioned.

glasses for
as

ed
suggest-

the

of

Williams

fail

if

but

have
much
trouble
with
their
so
professionalmen
dentists.
The
close applicationat such
short focus as suggested
Dr.
Marshall
is
also
fact
be
to
an
by
important
considered,

eyes

about

so

course

while

wearing them.
I think, however, the trouble
is largely due
to
cross
of the opinion the best place
lights. I am
such
directlyabove, and have operated under
an
the
for
with the greatest satisfaction.
light
years
rest

of

years,

ruin

and

our

is great and

few

a

later

focus

one

them

upon

in

over-work

to

as just now
lights,

cross

sooner

but

needed

inclined

ai'e

upon

to this effect that

Walker,

With

us

gold operator

constant

must

of

most

his

operating

for the examination

the

strain

otherwise

table

of his

large
operations,

placed

a

upon

the

eyes.
The

chairman

"Epulis Tumors,"

announced

the

Dr.

T. W.

by

next

paper

Brophy

of

on

the programme

Chicago,

III.

was

Dr.

Brophy
Dr.

by

J.

Oscar

called

Chairman

the

being present,

not

301

Societies.

Dental

for the

per
pa-

Baltimore, Md.

Coskery of

ABSTEACT.

"A

Lower

of

J.

Peter

City Hospital, Baltimore,
history as
history good. Personal

into the

three

years

condition

of the

the

adviser

spread

displaced and

in

About

mouth.

to

made

Family

Between

follows:

and

two

generally enlarged
lower
jaw and swelling of the
The
in size.
growth was
nized
recogto

a

confined

be

crowded

months

two

admitted

was

1882.

31,

inferior

the

to

direction,the teeth

every

the tongue

enlarged gland

an

of

March

on

called

was

gradually increased

tumor

of the

side

left

his medical

by
The

his attention

ago

This

face.

Removal"

Successful

with

Jaw

Coskery, M. D., Baltimore, Md.
King, colored, age 15, native of Maryland,

Oscar

by

of Sarcoma

Case

well

in

its appearance

ably
consider-

were

right side
presenting himself
left sub-maxillary
the

to

over

previous

illa.
max-

to

the

triangle.
roform
placed under chlopatient was
incision
made
was
dian
through the lower lip at the mecarried
wards
the chin, then backto
a point just below
the most
prominent
angle of the jaw, passing over
and
then upwards to the articulation.
The
tumor,

April 15,

Operation
"

and

an

line and
to

the

portion"of the
dissected
flapwas

extracted

was

just at the

severed
the

The
with

right of

and

very

bone

the

great, but

up

the

made

applied

were

of
to

upon

The

right

the

and

neck

this

point
cutting down

profuse

the

venous

of

the

of

then

was

the

the

head

cisor
in-

central

meta-carpal

it, when

floor of

neck

gave

the bone

wrenched

were

in

point the

bone

soft tissues

upon

this

at

up;

ligated.

with

remainder

the

be

turned

jaw cut through with
symphysis menti; the

the

forceps

enucleating it,very

and

to

strong traction

Hemorrhage,
been

and

and

tumor

its connections

from

mouth

way.

off the

artery, being cut, had

facial

saw

The

1882.

gether
to-

tion.
posi-

from

the

had
not
ojieration,
the enlarged gland
upon
it
bleeding came
on, and

of the external
large branch
jugular had been
The
cut, necessitatingthe application of ligatures at both ends.
then placed in positionand
an
flapwas
opening left for drainage

was

at

found

the
The

that

angle of
boy did

a

the

jaw,

well

from

discharge"Listerine"

was

and
the

covered
first.

used

as

a

with
To
mouth

dry

lint and

a

the

fetor

control
wash.

The

bandage.
of

the

flap united

302

The

kindly and
days after

patientleft the hospitalon May 6, 1882, twenty-one
the operation,with only one
suppuratingpoint;that lett
scopic
microdrainage,and with very little deformity. The

examination

revealed

The
then

was

models

jaw

of

and

of

section

a

growth

been

of

the

sarcoma."
fibro-

"recurrent

a

within

of

return

a

be

to

seen

a

there

but

year,

the disease.

photographs of
together with

exhibited

were

the

patient has

indication

no

Plaster
and

Dentistry.

of

the

for

open

Archives

the
the

and

tumor

the face

of

appearances
a

tograph
micro-pho-

tumor.
Disctrssiox.

Marshall.

Dr.
two

of

recurrence

not

would
lost

the

jaw.
Coskery.

Dr.

referred

Williams.
of

Dr.

Baldwin.

I

"

"

Dr.

iadicate

of

record.

on

the

condition

I
the

cian
by the physifrequent opportunities

with

the

regard to

quency
fre-

can

of

Many

Very

say:

the

best

few

works

on

all.

at

years

and

paper
I

us.

is not

ful
grate-

ever,
fear, how-

long enough

an

to

likelyto

occur.

criticism

of

disease
of

this

to
as

for in this last direction

much,

too

save

Baldwin

Dr.

be

character

is

I

return.
.

that

was

just.

The

fibroma, and

recurrent

a

likely to

croscope
mithat

operated seven

located

upon

the

patientfinallydied.

my

exhibited
the

teeth

several
and

casts

difticult

successfullytreated.
section then adjourned.
The

had

had

it

not.

reproduction of

this I

Two

recur.

the tumor

the
case

Walker

it may

informed

any

that

opinion that it will not recur.
certainlythorough, if we may judge from the
It is better to go to the extreme
of sacrificing

The

revealed

breast,but

that

has

statistics

any

are

will

most

are

one

who

but
statistics,

no

base

to

Coskery.

in

you

tissue than

failures

and

me

so

of

guarantee

no

any

am

evidence

certainlypleased with the
Dr. Coskery has
given

disease

which

considerable

been

about

seen

patient.

am

operation was
specimen exhibited.

times

to

Have

The

would

case

information
the

upon

Dr.

least I

notice

fail to

that

the

At

like nature

a

for the

time

sir!

I have

"

surgery

had

last

cases.

Coskery.
of

Dr.

such

course

'is

certainlygives hope

the

"

that

there

the

examine

to

cases

No

"

who

it

inquire if

to

of

disease;

but

recur,

like

Dr.

that when
Coskery states
operation the patientgave no

after the

years

will

Dr.

"

of
cases

of
interestingcases
of regulating which

positions
malhe

Dental

SOUTHERN

ANNUAL

NEAV

SESSION,

for the

Expressly

Archives

[continued

third

Vice

President,

Minutes
Dr.
M.

S. Reid

W.

in the

Adams

of

S. M.

Dr.

appointed by the chair
Report of Committee
W.

His

brief

a

he
the

Orleans, and

recommended

were

by

announced

the

and

memorial

suitable

read

a

paper,

'-reckless

frequent

too

Dr.

tee
commit-

committee

resolutions.

of

which

the

sacrifice"

of

tooth-

the

condemned

require all

of New

synopsis.

for convenience

dentine
teeth

He

Catching

approved.

and

Telle

E.

of St. Louis

the

subject was
teeth.

H.

Operative Dentistry.

on

substances, in opening up
dead

read

Prothro,
draft

to

-N'. Morrison

following is

B.

session. Dr.

membership.

to

death

Dr.

Dr.

and

J.

chair.

Corsicana, Texas,

of

elected

The

Morning

1.

W.

M.

DAY.

yesterday'ssession

of

Jno.

and

April

Mrs.

By

268.]

PAGE

from

LA.

ORLEANS,

Dentistry

of

SECOND

Wednesday,

303

ASSOCIATION.

DENTAL

SEVENTH

Reported

Societies.

of

root-canals
of
pulp-chamber and
free
the
too
of
cutting and removal
These
operating in fillingroot-canals.

available

strength because
they are dead teeth;
was
opposed to burring out
large apertures and drillingout
root-canals
thin
shell
of enamel;
such
etc., leaving only a

teeth
Dr.
such

Morrison

took

wholesale
would

of

Would

phos.

zinc,

wire.

The

the

the

root-canals
size

would

ordinary

ground

that

there

of

was
possibilities

was

in

mastication.

no

soft

dead
very

for

excuse

teeth

the

trary,
con-

far

as

For

great.

as

ing
fill-

act
gold wire, the exthe natural canal, never
ter.
drillingor trimming the latsize by repeated trials, using oxy,
exact
get the
interstices
filled by the
not
or
gutta-percha for filling

wire

used

a tampon
phos.
superfluous fluid,

the

only very

use

tooth-material; on

of valuable

of
use

being

root-canal, almost

remove

under

crown-substance

range

with

could

the

destruction

save

possible,and

of the

down

readilybreaking

of

follow

the

exact

impression. Introduces
cotton, using bibulous
paper
an

claimed

contents

soft,would

very

pure

that
of

any

canals

ordinarily
and

skilled

course

the
to

oxy.
absorb

operator

pulp-chamber through

an

304

The

in the

opening
No

the

Described

In

but
filling,

size of

the

pulp

which

through
rolled

nodule

the

the
a

With

a

all

the

of

of

barbed

filled

over-treating.
large mesial

a

did

an

inch

not

it

circular

pass.
of

the

ing
openarsenic.

dentine, the
the

tore

reached

While

the

with

he

ing
Be-

remove

secondary

when

broach

a

condition.

he

broach

opening

of

Devitalized

nodule

in diameter.

allow

to

doubtful

later on,

crown.

not

inch

the

tissues

aperture

filling one

he

root,

other, finally impacting

the

pulp-chamber.
adapted the instrument

tooth

the

away
A

he

cases

could

had

in

was

pulp

found

over

fillingof

it in the
In

it

he

one-sixteenth

a

of

quail-shot.

a

in which

the

center

tissues

sufficient

deprecated the system

the

drilled

sixteenth

one

than

nodule, the latter fallingback

from

cut

when

of

crown

case

devitalize

to

through
removing

a

Dentistry.

of

more

Also

length

tooth

a

obliged
inside

needed

canals.

at

cavity in

of the

centre

opening

reach

to

Archives

suit

to

spiriteddiscussion

cavity,rather

the

than

instruments.

bungling

followed

to

the

of

reading

Morrison's

Dr.

paper.
J. S.

Dr.

of valuable

amount

other

the
In the

crown,

when

reached

the

pulp

would

make

sound

In

all

cases

operating

of

W.

Dr.

H.

and

a

are

a

fillingin

the

tooth

move
re-

small.

through

already.

the

Could

direction.

that

for

opening

generous

the
to

too

was

opened

readily from

more

listened

with

preserving
dead

away
teeth

difficult to

more

touches

ience
conven-

seeing.
of

dead

have

large

convenience

Morrison

pulp-chamber,

not

more

had

cut

we

because

usefulness,

was

for

and

would

channels

Morgan

proportionas

openings

there

general idea

The

paper.
In

he

for the

a

describes, through which

aperture he

described

case

Dr.

by

that

true

is sacrificed

of root-canals

contents

undoubtedly

position taken

The

extreme.

it is

tooth-material

operator, the

of the

have

While

Knapp.

will

work

interest

tooth-structure

tooth
in

lessen

we

time

through

excellent

the

to

is correct.
its

time

disintegrate.
than

of

Round

slot, however

a

narrov^.

He

considered
and

condition
of

dead

his
worst

before
troubles.

time

pulp.

putrify, if

would

position radically

next

not

to
filling,

for

The

immediately

fillingwas
semi-serous

disinfected;
prevent

The

wrong.

contents

must

mephitic

of

after
the

worst

the

moval
re-

tubuli

ment
give antiseptic treatand
periosteal
gases

Societies.

Dental

305

Would
ask Dr.
Morgan what is left,after
Knapp.
been
have
removed?
the pulp-tissues
will
semi-fluid
of the tubuli, which
Dr. Morfjan. The
contents
freely, and
pulp chamber
putrify. I cut out the root-canals and
J. S.

Dr.

"

"

all the

remove

liable
Dr.

dentine

recently which

had

doubtful

Was

root.

is old

He
what

he

had

has

enough
is talking about, but
He

Dr.

With

the

to

as

the

chlor.

and

he

again
of

end

patient will

of

he

a

the
the

saw

would

He

not

such.
worked

has

every

one

might

not.

us

to

up.

know

try his

to

I

disagree

I

chlor.

oxy.

as

removed

practicalsuccess
advise

are

way

He
the

at

paper

tubuli

same

the wire.

ox.

enough

use

latter the

the

in much
on

I don't

might succeed,

Morgan

of

Morrison's

Dr.

"

and

method.
with

no

Parmley Drpion.

Z)r.

roots

the

contents

extracting,but glad when
might have expelled it.
as
pride in a large filling,

nature

had
unnecessarily;

cut

the

ball of

a

about

condition, though

the

sci-ew-threads

has

but

Morrison,

tooth

Fills

decompose.

to

which

in

prefer gutta-percha.
when
to
telegraph

soon

stop!
Morrison's

Dr.
would

for his

wager

Ten

years

her

request,

own

copied into all the
fillingimmediately.

patient

a

teeth

be
in

success

I had

ago

superior anterior
at

should

paper

been

had

Charleston.

from

devitalized

told

six

avoid

as

she

all

loose; springs of pus

to

mc

Journals.

Pulps
months

of

ten

previous,

while

pain

I

being

filled.
The

were
fillings

decided

well, and
Remove
have

a

all

well

as

septicmatter,
perfect as

as

mummy

I removed

on

be

and
one

and

killed

fill them
for

a

embalm

in

oil

of 6,000

years

all

sheep

before

as

a

of cloves

and

those

of

ten

removed.

he

as

can,

I would
would
W.

Dr.
to

The

suit
H.

remove

afterwards

the

atmosphere

is sweet

Morrison

Dr.

small

years

baby.

a

and

not
me

you

ago.

dead

all the

trouble, and

she

lamb!''

pulps, burring only sufficientlyto
the
fillings.I filled immediately with gutta-percha,
her away
with
face.
She had
warning of possible swelled

sent

as

"might

chair;

left the

put the dam

to

I examined

exuding.

is
I

am

remove
as

well

gums

were

after

as

the

move
re-

and
no

healthy

dead

as

dog

is

right in working through an
aperture
in
it
as
quire.
right
having
large as I reif
a permanent
filling another
ing
openor

better.

Dr. Brown
has
Morgan.
all decomposed matter.

misunderstood
He

succeeded

me.

I

in this

pose
procase

306

The

because

all matter

condition
than

when

when

there

is

old

hour's

"

treatment

No,

after

the

formed,

and

give

abscesses
is

Dr.

absorb

to

Mummies

fresh

better

antiseptics

will not

have

pulps,mephitic

will

They

form.

decompose.

follows

one

be

foramen

the

If

decomposition.
If

safe.

are

you

case,

will

gases

through

pass

Abscess

decompose

is

everything

abscess.

no

Where

"

of

left to

will

Broxon.

Brown's

trouble.

will

you

removed

in

are

because

removal

nothing

removed

tubuli

used.
In his
antisepticswere
the
tubuli
had
undergone decomposition, and
with antiseptics
all that was
was
necessary.

But

there

The

abscess.

Dr.

"

Morgan.
pulps and

first

are

an

Dentistry.

of

decomposed.

pulps

Dr.

and

had

WilUims, (Ky.)

Dr.

the

Archives

is the

that

proof

the

of

contents

the

tubuli

will die?
Dr.

Take
Morgan.
fill immediately.

and

will tell you.

nose

Dr.

Broxcn.

have
about
is

chance.

a

no

the

C. E.

day

treatingdead
Kells,jr. Said

College

and

months

in that

he
is

had

but
Dr.
had

been

oat

of

ten

years,

Dr.

Brown.

of

the

there

cases

I do

ten

but
"

was

C.
are

There

one

told

had

known

he

York.

There

are

New

it sooner;

If

Brown.

less.
use-

wished

where

as

it will
periosteum, where
as
quickly as possibleevery
Dr.

wasted

it was

that

cases,

only

Dental

had

"

him

him

to

York

months

two

had

wished

the

in the

said

he

there

not

swer,
an-

time.
has

never

Five

the

only man
livingwho can say as much.
will give trouble, in time.
It may
be
not
it will be in thirty or in fiftyyears.

I did

not

in

say

I

I sent

never

her

had

an

In

abscess.

in five

the

case

home, anticipating trouble, but

none.

W.

Spalding.
"

It all

wrong:

it will

children

in

out.

comes

to

expect

never

had

Brown

roots

understand

not

dentine."

fillinggoes

pulp

educated

treat

filled

lady described,

Dr.
both

of

get the canals

Dr.

some

New

condition

"

to

and

to

abscess,he is

cases
or

it now,

Morgan.

an

that
been

Then

way.

knew

inflamed

an

taught

was

never

he had

The

the

in the

teeth.

"

that

after

satisfied;your

and

test

time.

every

quarter seconds

a

before

He

succeed

be

decomposition
the

Devitalize

patient.
will

you

made

never

in

money

Dr.

months

two

will be

have
I

and

two

In

There

I

"

scrofulous

strumous,

a

"

do;

in

for instance

Both

depends

others
and

of
on

it will

those

of

these
the

not;

gentlemen
individual
as

scrofulous

in

are

case.

the

teeth

right,and
In

some

of young

subjects. I

endorse

308

The

TF. Harlan.

A.

Dr.

AEcnmES

Morrison's

but

paper,

There

we

is the

When

to

pulp

many

to

the

young

a

to

cases

be

structed
willing to be inbest that
is possible.

the

wish
and

methods.

scientific

jDulpis destroyed to-day,according to
physiology, changes from a physiological

If the

condition

When

follow.

must

produce

we

laws

the
to

ing
govern-

pathological

a

eschar, will

an

nature

it to-morrow?

remove

Remove

mixed

while

fluids from

fluid contents

The

of

The

water,

If

have

the

will

latter

be

must

it is not

will

we

devitalized

a

adjust

tubuli

the

Is

filled

it

pulp?

dam, and

produce putrefactio
removed,

so

bad-smelling

and

thoroughly
dentine

in

case.

every
With

the

that

is to

creasote?

the

extract

Not

Alcohol

alcohol.

trouble

have

not

necessityfor treating is

The

is necessary

With

]No.

will

precautions we

above

methods.

wrong
All

air and

exclude

to

Or

wet?

everything hermetically sealed.
to

apply

entering?

removed.

will be

eschar

an

should

law

same

Remove

once?

at

prevent

the

that

natural

not

elapse before

will

Eight days

as

uninformed.

the

to

pulp is to be extracted?
after devitalizing? You
governed by well defined

be

must

had

not

the

extracted

you

have

all

are

we

definiteness

when

Dr.

of

reading

discussion.

doing

of

the

hear

here, who

men

of

lack

be

to

abscess:

prevent

to

to

experience,but

all this refer

Does

here

listened

all desirous

are

seemed

has

not

was

have

doubtless

are

thirty or forty years
There

I

"

Dentistry.

of

at

will extract

the

idea.

erroneous

carbolic

with

water

What

all.

an

with

even

acid?

I

reply with
perfectly,and

then?
water

solute
abwill

coagulate.

not

As

to

the

for

pulplesstooth
there
We

have

no

very

be

removed

conditions

above

suffering;the
That

in death.

result

the

if

once,

gentleman
the
discharging from

inflict such

will

one

no

pulplessteeth, no

could

till
and

canal

question.

alveolus

must

If the
be

all

canal

bored

consequences

septicmatter

may
must

is filled under

before

dismissing

the
the

patient.
The

necessity

obvious.
and
Let

filled
some

If the

of

treating through

pulp

chamber

immediately, there
one

who

has

a

opening.

right to

serious; may

be

at

me,

fistulous

no

was

of

treatment

tried

and
will

the

canals
be

treating

no

for

opening is not
thoroughly cleansed

fistulous
are

necessity

for treatment.

months, try this method.

Dental

You

will

tooth

what

not

with

alone

reach

to

cotton

use

There

success.

your

substance
do

you

see

Societies.

the

necessity for wasting

no

I do

canals.

fill the

to

is

309

not

Seal

roots.

what

care

the

apex

do

you

matter

no

"

if

gold wire, lead, gutta-percha,oxychloride. Wire
possiblymake a perfecttilling.Have
tracted
repeatedly ex-

"

cannot

teeth
used.

with

curved

Must

filled

not

roots,

the

to

wire

where

apex,

fillwith

faces.
plasticswhich will reach the unequal surThe
with wire
avei'age practitioneris incapable of filling
with
uniform
and
do not know
how
to use
plastic
success,
many
either.
materials
and
will
harden
fore
beOxychloride
oxyphosphate
Use
tle
they get halfway to the apex.
gutta-percha;not the litwhich
for that purpose.
Never
heat
cones
come
gutta-percha
was

in

a

flame

or

on

dish.

hot

a

Use

it

cold, and

possibledimension, sufliciently
rigidto
happy to show my method.

be

Williams

Dr.

the

died,
Remove

"

and

carpet

disinfected.

In

(Ky.)

It is not

a

where

room

curtains
common

draw
go

out

its smallest

to

small-pox patient has
left in position to
be
not
to disinfect
surplus material.
with simple means
the room
is

are

sense

all

a

surplus matenal,and then
with
easilyand thoroughly disinfected. As with the room
so
An
old gentleman (Dr. Spalding) spoke of the uselessness
two

three

or

disinfect.
off

After

with

and

Instead

point of

inch.

an

The

tubuli

disinfect.
Dr.
in

foramen.

the

remove

Then

apex,

treatingteeth.

I then

contain

of treating

surplus, and

the

remove

dentine.

In

"

Neither

Dr.

or

Brown

have

his

"the

remove

than

more

oxychloride

use

Mitchie, of Texas.

distant

the

tooth.

ken
gold wire I use a leaden point like the broone-sixteenth
a sharpened pencil,chip off
part of
washing out the canal, I insert this little i3oint,
the

I

Sear

a

of

it close

curtains."
direction

weeks.

I will

the apex.

to

the

days I can
gutta percha.
said he

had

patients.

In

canals.

few

a

The

every

thoroughly
time

no

and

carpet

time

to

spend

is not

far

when

capping pulps will be left to those who do not attend
associations.
We
have
no
right to impose upon our
patients,and
capping pulps is the greatest of all impositions. Beautiful crowns
constructed
them
but in a little while
are
mation
over
peridental inflamsets
in; suppuration follows and the fine crowns
be
must
removed.
I

use

it and

Robinson's

fibrous

get long and

slender

oil;then
closed.

introduce

one

material

for

root
filling

fibres;lubricate
thread

after

the

another

canals;

canal

with

until

the

dissect

tus
eucalypapex

is

The

310

Walker.

Dr.

Archives

Dentistry.

of

close
using plasticsfor root-fillings
the particularcase
lead, whatever
may

the

In

"

men
fora-

require;
gold or
where
gold or lead will not reach in your hands, use gutta percha.
with metal
is beyond my
reach, but gutta
Shooting round a corner
to
wrapped with cotton
percha will do it. I then take a broach
but
the
cotton
pack the oxychloride;the broach will bring away
leave the oxychloride. When
pulps are
capped, fill temporarily
and keep under
observation
for a few days before
insertinga permanent
filling.
devitalization
for fear
of possible
This is better than wholesale
with

trouble.
Dr.
used
across

J.

W.

Mobinson

fillthe

to
an

material
years

I have

Take
blunt

to

easily.

so

"

canal.

oilstone

Much

(Mich).

The

insisted

spring

a

end,

the
best

no

and

for

test

that

depends

tooth

on

and

broach

it will not

purity is
should

instrument

the
draw
go

through

odor.

the

tiie

your
ty
thir-

For

extracted

be

end

except

judgment apfingers. I cap the pulps whenever
proves.
my
mix
with
is
be
When
to
bolic
carused,
oxychlo. or oxyphos.
the
floor of
and
flow
acid to the consistencyof cream,
over
It will cause
it thicker and press hard.
the cavity;then use
pain
harder
The
for a few minutes.
oxychlo. takes up that mixed with
carbolic acid.
Try it on glass and you will see how it is lifted.
had some
Have
Chisholm.
Dr.
experience in capping pulps. I
and oil of cloves with
the old wood
creasote
use
oxyphos. When
favoratle
the nerve
the symptoms
are
pulps will live ten or fifteen
time
I have a thousand
that are
cases
doing good service. Someyears.
thumb.
since in cutting an apple I wounded
My wife applied
my
with

the

"

spiritsof turpentineand there was no
time in excavating a large cavity I wounded
applied spiritsof turpentineand healed it
Have
Dr.

since
B.

tried

II.

it several

times

Teagiie said,as

with

the

Just

soreness.

the

pulp.

up, and
same

I

it gave

at

that

promptly
no
pain.

success.

capping pulps,facts were
points to bear in mind. First,no
to

better

sure
prestheory,there are two
substance.
the
a non-conducting
on
pulp; second, fill with
filled
and
where
he capped a pulp with Weston's
In one
case
cap
with oxy. phos.,within
twenty-fourhours he had hard work to hold
the
hours, he
a few
his patient while he removed
filling.Within
the
filled again with
same
material, first washing gently with
the
then
carbolized water, and
pulp,
flowing oxyphosphate over
than

finishingwith
tender

on

a

pressure,

good
but

grade
did

not

The
amalgam.
respond to thermal

of

tooth

was

changes,

very
and

Dental

"had the trouble

occurred

concluded

have

healthy

the

lieese said

know

that

or

311

after

days

ten

he would
filling
to-day, and in

it is alive
bear

the

of

pressure

a

tication
mas-

first.

at

Dr.

week

a

pulp had died, but
capped pulp will not

A

state.

Societies.

that the

roots
important thing infilling

one

was

to

have a sure
we
test in
impuritiesare left,of which
of potash. If it does
brown
in the cavity
turn
not
permanganate
there is no impurity. So long as only cold effects a capped pulp,
it is healthy. If heat is painful there
is inflammation
and
the
pulp is dead or dying.
Dr.H.
J. McKellops of St. Louis, said
that the opening necessary,
circumstances.
In
the
of
case
a
depended upon
young
tient,
pawith a large cavityrunning into
the cusps, if not
well
cavated,
exno

the
cannot

well

what

see

and

by

Dr.

sound

teeth

foramen

with

by

New

In dead

do.

If

the

teeth

be

should
from

over

York

be

have

you

successful,but
was

central
dentist

who

the

the
a

you

cut

nodule

out

rolled

filling(as

substance

was

scribed
deeased
dis-

neuralgiain apparently
treat
pulps. Would
through the

if the

canal

inevitable.
and

of

got

to

that

removed;

calcified

is left intact

top

are

you

abscess, trouble
abscess

"

arose

and

dark.

doing. He spoke
cavity and finallyimpacted in
Morrison), and said that such

and

matter

will turn
to

what

see

in the

around

blind

tooth

One

lateral
made

a

was

tilled in
case,

a

incisors,had

specialtyof

a

case

lady

young
been

of

treated

alveolar

eases;
dis-

going on four years; lady in poor health, wasting
with
crosed
nediagnosed fillingprojecting through the apex,
away;
Removed
bone
base
of
the
the
of
to
nose.
fillings
percha
guttaand cotton
from
the canals; opened up
the side of the
sixteen piecesof bone; treated for five or six days,
teeth and removed
but there was
but to remove
the teeth. [Exhibited the
no
recourse
York
does not practicewhat
teeth.] Said: "My friend from New
he preaches." I would
dare to cut out
he does, but
I cut
not
as
with
enough to see what I am
doing. As to fillingroots
gold,
knows
I think; I have preached till I am
what
ashamed
one
to
every
Dr. Clark
Orleans
of New
There
taught me his method.
say more.
where
be got in; yon must
have something you
are
cases
gold cannot
force up, that is,gutta-percha. No
how
skilled a man
matter
can
be, he can't till a blind cavity with gold, but you can inject
may
do no harm, where
gutta percha and drive it up, and
gold would
pain.
excruciating
go through and cause
Dr. McKellops then described
where
the cheek was
a recent
case
had

been

312

The

swollen, and

opening.

root

had

Extracted

imbed
filling,
threads
you
forced

stiff

so

hurry
Shepard.

takes

week

a

tired

of

and

don't

soreness

daily,people

with

whom

they

If any

cases.

Gave

the

anterior

left

tape

you
succeed
know

in

of

back; I

man

put in

approach
tell

can

in

times

stop I in her
seven

years
condition

it is in

good
patience,but it will
perfectionwith
this, and
another

with

such

of

that

case,

secure

expect

the labial surface

an

such

I have

but

be

would

in

1

cases,

saved, yet

oxy-phos.
requires time and
cannot

we

be made

far

so

that

down

the

entire

had

gum

in

success

mass

to

be

cing
produ-

following formula:

...

-

-

-

gr. 1^.
dr. 1.
dr. 1.

but

saved

the

tooth.

In

fillingroot

broaches, they are
chloro-percha;use No. 10 Swiss
and
have
the
must
thoroughly drawn
tempered
temper
using.
"

derstand
un-

Cited
renewed.
agree to have work
inferior rightposteriorbicusjDid;
cavityon

use

the

pect
ex-

to

and

very
with the

the mouth

Question.

claiming
ex-

off.

with

tooth

work

day.
good results. Of course
teeth, and patientsmust
to

the

be broken

Chloroform,
Blistered

Dr.

failed;

superior
half-way, tooth
pulp alive; the

the

should

filled that
Such

with

lady
broken

cocaine,

Spts. Alcohol,

of

failed

possible

treat

tooth

sensitive;had

local anesthesia
Muriate

fear that the

extending

dentine

pressed away,

I

ple
peothem

on

that

success

to

get

It is all that

year.

to

how

me

and

amalgam

it every

fail

work

gold

failures

seen

following illustration: A young
bicuspid, with palatinecusp,

stop!
and

the best

seen

I have

renew

in

room

failures, patrons

our

I have

teeth,

the

operations,I

all

a

futm-e.

get plenty of

can

in

be

the

separate

to

cotton

cannot

in

work

cracked
frail, outside wall of enamel
very
that the tooth
mother
standing by anxious
Three

with

of their teeth, spending hours
is no
work
object. Gold
money

came

red-hot,

learn.

to

want

root-

it

heat

care

I put in oxyphosphate and now
I can
nearest
do, it is the
some

can

fail.

amalgam

apex,

for

handling. Wrap with
force gutta-perchawhere

"

back.

come

seen

and

no

pretend
always

best

them

and

the

careful

waxed

uses'

don't

the

with

lime

hard

to

take

who

this you

has

don't

I have

fail,and

with

Boston,

fail;we

us

in unslacked

out"

an

intact, the

sac

passed through
handle
gutta-percha

himself

and

I

way.
others

and

the

of

abscess

which

require

makes

he

approaching

the

tooth
gold. [Exhibited another
takes pains, he
apex.] If a man

get

through

abscess
with

to

as

of tine cotton;

Dr.

this

stiff broach

a

cannot

"

tooth

gold
To
amalgam.

filled with
it

the

filled with

been

leaving

Dentistry.

of

feelinglike dougli; the

side

crown

Archives

Will

not

in the

McKellopB.

"

The

the chloroform

evaporate and

cause

canals

highly
before
age
shrink-

canals?

evaporation
TO

BE

CONTINUED.

takes

place during manipulation.

Dental

ILLINOIS

Peoria,

at

B.

Davis, of Springfield,read

in which
to

claimed

he

that

all in the

at

operate

May,

impression.
After
speaking

not

were

the

to

even

on

paper

ject
sub-

the

above

not

competent
of

extent

taking

an

artificial teeth

teeth, he said that

of

uses

a

mechanics

mere

mouth,

the

of

1885.

PROTHESIS.

DENTAL

K.

SOCIETY.

DENTAL

STATE

Meeting

Dr.

313

Societies.

mastication,yetbe defective in other respects, as
which
in speech or in expression,
depends upon color,size,position,
relative
etc.
Temperament, including complexion,
arrangement,

might

well

in the

the

work

of

other

of features

general cast

construction

with

of

of

the

face, and

considered

all be

must

of artificial teeth

set

a

features

harmonize

shall

that

constitute

successful

a

art.

the

favored

blocks

and

of face

contour

He

for

serve

sections

or

platinaand
celluloid

abandonment
of

other

gums

porcelain

artificial gums

gums

on

be

use
gold,
places would
single plain teeth, with
ous
required; prefers continu-

bases, and

where

limited

a

for

for bases, and

plastic materials

.in their

teeth; and

metals

should

healthy roots
employed to

of

are

platina base
preserved and

for

all

All

dentures.

full

crowned, and

bridge

work

extent.
DISCUSSION.

Opened by

Dr.

word

prothesis

some

artficial

E.
as

D.

"The

Swain

of

Chicago.
of

process

part in place of

adding
that

one

the

to

body

human

be

may

the

defines

"Webster

wanting,

as

a

wooden

leg," etc.
Regulating teeth

the

construction

the

processes,

and

of

taking
of

the

impressions

appliances

is

surgical

are

mechanical.

of late
dentistryhas greatly deteriorated
years.
bases
the
having
plastic
plates are now
rarely constructed,
substituted.
The
largely
adaptation of metal plates can be

Mechanical
Metal
been
made

equal

is not

now

done

plasticbases
in the

colleges.

that

to

has

He

be

to

become

a
so

of metals

limited

that

common

is

is evident.

extent

now

very

given

believes, however, that this

remedied.
should

except

working

plastics if properly done,

of the

made

All
of

partialsets,
metal.

For

in

it

that

but
The

use

of

imperfect

tion
instruc-

of the

dental

most

defect

in the

schools

full

dentures,

is
and

gradually
in

ing
be-

practice,

continuous

gum

314

The

work

is the

high

king

and

cost

of

Archives

methods, but its

the

superior

Porcelain

platespresent

overcome

in the

Cast

and

J. J. R.

declared

too

skill

is

use

limited

requisitefor

by

its

but
difficulties,

many

of

reason

construction.

they

be

may

future.
recommended

plates are

Dr.

Dentistry

of

for lower

dentures.

Patrick, Belleville, spoke

it to be

the

most

difficult

of
of

taking impressions
all the

processes

volved
in-

in tlie

The
method
he pursues
making of artificial teeth.
is to first take
an
a model
impression in wax; on this he moulds
red
plate of common
plate gutta-percha. The edge of this plate
is stiffened by wire, when
it is warmed
around
the
edge and
placed in the mouth; directs patientto work the muscles of the mouth
until a perfectadaptation of the edge of the plate to the muscles
is
obtained.
The
cup portionof the plate is then filled with plasterand
the impress completed in the usual way.
The
impression of lower
He regards air chambers
of no
as
jaw is taken in a similar way.
value
after the first tew days of weai-, but
tion,
irritalikely to cause
hence
Dr.

has

ceased

G. V. Black

to

make

use

of them.

said the

found
under rubber
subject of sore mouths
be further
had
plates should
investigated. This condition
been attributed
of red rubber
to the coloringmatter
plates,but it
A partialstudy
appeai'edunder metal and porcelainplates also.
of the causes
of this disease has led to the discovery of leucocytes
and
micro-organisms under plates. In examining scrapings from
he had been
of these
platesand gums
surprisedat the abundance
abundant
under
rubber
than
under metal
or
organisms. If more
he
was
porcelain plates,
disposed to attribute the fact to the
ities
rougher surfaces of the rubber plates,which afforded greater facilfor the lodgment of foreign substances
of a nature
favorable
the growth of the organisms. Wandering cells
to
leucocytes
micrococci
were
seen
constantly changing forms,
aggregating
around
and
them.
The
wandering cells take up and digest
among
the micrococci
aid in preventing the increase
and thus
of the latter.
Cleanliness
is the
chief preventive. The
condition
scribed
dediffers from
that of mercurial
poisoning.
In reply to questionsby Dr. Swain
and others. Dr. Black
said he
did not regard the coloring matter
ceptibility
injurious. The
peculiarsuswhich
rendered
liable to mercurial
one
poisoning did
"

"

.

not

exist
The

material

in

than

more

temperature
varied

of

from

one

case

the tissues
the

normal

in ten.
under

a

less than

plate of non-conducting
one

deo^ree.

316

The

Dr.

T.

Archives

Dentistry.

of

W.

Brophy, of Chicago. The
engorged or congested, owing

blood

vessels,which

lead

to

an

to

presented by Dr. Black is a
The
physiologicalprocess

later process.

after

and

the

renewed

teeth

few

every

an

blood.

of

absorption goes
for

that

the

for

on

a

The

view

long

time

plates should

reason

be

years.

demonstration
the effect
Taylor suggests a
illustrating
teeth
of varying color, size, position,etc., in the
same
to be given next
year.
clinical

of
mouth
Dr.

I. P.

plates that
rubber
the

altered

or

Dr.

removed,

are

comes
plate beenlargement of the

supply

over

of

under

area

"

from

have

been

plates,and
of

cause

the

Iowa.

Wilson,

am

the

Dr.

of

Heed,
bite

when

the

as

of

that want

opinion
than

due

the

condition

of

SOMETHING

closed

ABOUT

^TERVOUS

If

gold
of

matter

is oftener

plates are not worn
is not
likelyto occur.

tissues

the

his method

by substituting
modeling
was

coloring
cleanliness

of

base.

Chicago, described

discussion

the

to

under

results

specificpoisoning proceeding

any

composing

this abnormal

night

similar

seen

described

trouble

material

I have

"

of

curate
procuring an acfor ordinary wax,

compound

and

the

MATTER

at

subjectpassed.

PRINCIPLES

AND

OUS
NERV-

OF

ACTION.

GARRETT

BY

Brief

Summary

of

NEWKIRK,

Paper

read

before

D., CHICAGO,

M.

the

Illinois

State

The

feature
of
peculiarly distinctive
of nerve
tissue.
proportions of its mass
The

relative

considered;

Grey

more

its

fragile,hence

may

Society,

is in

nerve

carefullyprotected.

internal

in

understand

we

multitude

of

cord,

cells

and

of

fibres

matter

fibrous.

more

conditions

in brain.

external

something

relative

grey

Various

1885.

May,

the

positionof white and
distinctlycellular,white

more

grey

protection:

How

Dental

proportions and

were

of

ILL.

the

action

of

this inconceivable

the
constituting]

nervous

mass?

Allowing
inch, a
upon

nerve

section
wires

Chicago

50

the

average

trunk
would

size

of

containing
have

the

the

25,000,000.

lying side by side would
feet deep. Allowing 40

fibrilla

to

equivalent
The

wires

to

of

of

1-5000
a

square

number

same

fill four

be

of

principalstreets

each

person,

an

inch
graph
teleof

it would

Societies.

Dental

require the
as

of

of

single drop

a

in the

city

to

water,

so

ysis
anal-

by

ocean

comprehend

may

we

the

ples
princi-

the

and

character

the

single series of cells and their connecting fibrillce.
writer then proceeded with the assistance
of diagrams upon
a

board

show

to

relations

the

the

fibrillse

and

the

on

the

of

The

the

of

they

cell,

offices of

the
the

brain; then

the

or

nerve

of

long

central

the

go, presents

of

medulla

and

is involved
bare-back

in
rider

pedestrianson

marvelous

panorama

is yet

crowning

ulty
facident
res-

what

a

,

the

glory of man
striated
body, in

and

cerebellum

it intakes, and

time

a

cells

and

a

of

wonderfully developed
is undoubtedly
movement

of

How

toddling child
ordinary movement
and

the

cord,

contractile
the

next

of

(inthe

sensitive

any

matter

grey
The

a

the

But

the

considered.

education

come

of

cerebellum.

between
Even

independent

call co-ordination

we

in the
world

or

other;

the

on

cell

cell, by the

the muscular

as

functions

next

was

which

central

the

this arrangement.

general

cerebrum

cord

of

sensitive

fibrillr^

nerve

cells of

economy

hand;

one

motor

central

and

composition of

the

brain, or ganglion) with

by

child

and

woman

action, generally,by studying

nervous

of

The
the

man,

every

understand

may

we

of
action

of

them.

operate
But

service

317

the

grey

acrobat.

street,

of

tion.
co-ordina-

of

cells

or

the

as

cerebellum

the

beyond

ence
differ-

the

cerebral

the

convolutions.
Here

dwells
animals

Other

greater powers
cerebral
stands
In

grey

physicallystronger,

be

may

substance

"

the

organ

or

electric

along

the

It is

a

mass,

brain

possess
It is

an
a

such

any

fluid,"

or

thing

the
a

as

intellection

one

and

will

or

of

man

"

all.

over

took

of

equat
thing

possess

may

co-ordination,but in the

muscular

of

conclusion, the author

supposing

the

king!

alone, having dominion

of

the

the

ground

"vital

anything which

there

that

fluid," or

might

be

is

fluid,"

"nervous

thought

need

no

to

travel

nerves.

matter
are

and

of

touch.

simply
cord

are

millions
enabled

The

nerves,

of
to

all the fibrillse of

the

microscopic fingers with
feel the
things in which

vous
ner-

which

they

interest.
"mode

of

motion."

etc.
telephone principle,

This
All

point was
these

illustrated

results

are

by
brought

use

of

about

The

318

virtue

by

these

the

A

is

air the
the

a

each

line

of

of

ear

No.

man

touch

men

each

with

series of

cells,all in
third, and

the

of

by

means

of

manner

first touches

air,again,
in

atoms
to

as

The

central

touches

the

cell

till the

movements

membrane

telephone.
is merely the

contact.

on,

tele-,

means

definite

membrane

in such

other

this is the

so

By

atoms.

the

So

2.

sensitive

the

nerves;

The

other.

membrane,

information, and

second

isolated

touch

touches.

everywhere

matter

an

wii'e another

wire, the

So

merely

Dentistry.

of

speaks,that is, he produces certain
toward
the
a
vibratory membrane,

air

receive

fact that

operators

man

in the

the

the

wire

graph

a

of

Archines

the

and

convey

terminal

tact,
con-

cell of

second, the

cell is reached.

DISCUSSION.

Discussion

Grey
and

cells,and
stroma

the

as

cells

stated,the

of

mass

also protects

are

grey

individual

each

carefully and
is not

Thought
is

more

less

or

cell.

into

brought

is made

structure

I

finely wrought,

divine

sensorium, the spinal cord,

mostly of
surrounded
by a gelatinous envelope or
protectionagainst injury. As the wi'iter
is carefullyprotected,but nature
matter

additional

an

in the

This

centres.

nervous

Judd.

is found

matter

nervous

other

Dr.

opened by

in

doubt
can

existence

its nature,

if animal

by

ever
cells,how-

originate thought.
It
physical means.

ever

and

up

any

indicates

the

of

presence

Omnipotent omniscience.
eration
Dr.
Spalding. It is difficult to discuss the subject under considwithout
stepping outside the limits of the physical and
of the psychical. The
eminent
into the domain
minds
in the
most
"

scientific world

long endeavored
physical grounds.

have

to

In

for

account

mental

nomena
phe-

opinion this attempt
I avail myself of the opportunity
has always been
a failure,and
There
chemical
other physical
to antagonize this view.
are
no
or
taking place in the brain that can possiblyoriginate a
processes
mere

upon

thought

or

any

change however
Thoughts, and all
world
The

the

"

fact

as
spirits,

The

world

subtle

that

mental
of

the

and
spirits;

infants.

to

This

produce

can

activities,come

physical world
refers

There

process.

is,the spiritualworld

paper
and

mental

other

the

my

to

from

not

us

the

is

mental

a

from
world

is, at all times, just as

is to

our

differences

difference

is

molecluar

no

result.

the

mental

of

nature.

near

to

our

bodies.
between
so

the

great that

young
a

of

mals
ani-

comparison

Dental

Societies.

319

Animals
into the world
come
scarcely be drawn.
capable,in
of themselves; they are
born with certain
great degree, of taking care
stand
and
walk
and
search
for
their
knowledges.
They can

can

food

the

at

forth.
is

ndder

mother's

Man,

other

the

on

blank, he is born

almost

knowledge

acquiring all knowledge.
The
question being here
travelingbeyond
Dr.

Judd

said

the

originatethought

is

is difficult

do

It

domain

of

to

soon

they

as

raised

and

is therefore

whether

Dr.

capable

discussion

the

in

of

not

was

subject matter
paper,
matter
nervous
question whether
can
grey
a
legitimate topic for this society to discuss.
contained

this

however

without

the

trespassing
the physical

spiritual. The spiritualand
of the sensorium.
through the grey matter
Dr. Xewkirk
Taylor. Will
explain how

contact

brought

are

hand, is utterlyhelplessat birth,his mind

without

the

as

the

we

"

upon

the

come

in

get morbid

flex
re-

action?
Newkirk.

Dr.

cells with

those

Dr.

orriso7i

Dr.

JVeickirk.

kiss

fellow

a

Dr.

pain

it is

when

the

The
the

on

With

pain as

crossing of

a

Ye si

"

"

the

It is

"

wire

of

great localizer

When

touch

is involved

has

pulp
in

pain

heat

peridental
Darwin
the

pulp
is

cold,

as

and

hence

the
is

Pain

has

in

the

the

it has

of

power

in

an

of

the

of

sense

action

reflex

pression.
imThe

etc.

incapable
the

other.

no

of

cornea,

knee

or

thing as reflex
the impressions?

ing
localiz-

localization

of

hip disease,is

tions
transmitting sensatween
distinguishing be-

uttterlyincapable of
I have
frequently demonstrated.

has

demonstrated

liver, or

pain

a

record

no

touch, is requisitefor

body.

only,and

membrane

the

cells have

of

The

touch.
to

be

not

within

the control

will.

Dr.
will

of

The

and

in

such

system;

nervous

central

of touch

sense

part of the

any

of

pain

no

sense

illustration.

an

of

no

The

pain.

pain

is

the

reference

implicated in

the

the

party.

wrong

know

when

occurs

misplaced

was

in

the

to

ever

you

wires.

sometimes

as

this

touch

is the

the

goes

to

called,did

Touch

tooth

same

regard

sense

There

through the association of the central
there
is
a
peripheries,
faulty registration.

occurs

of

sends

Black.

reflex

This

"

Spalding.
"

or

the

even

of

Reflex
the

brain, and

brain.
reflex

action

often

There
action

are

may

independent

occurs

other
be

centres

nervous

referred

to

of

the
sides
be-

subsidiary

The

320

Archives

Dentistry.

of

.

nervous

centres.

The

the will

becomes

cognizant

idea

common

eye

there

that

wink

may
of

exists

as

danger

that

to

somewhere

before

involuntary act

an

There

organ.

in the

body

is

a

life center

a

life especially
I apprehend
resides.
place,or an organ, where
life
receives
that life pervades the entire body, that every
organ
If life did not
of a
degree corresponding to its importance.
body, how could the body in all its parts be
pervade the whole
"

a

control?

under

Subject passed.
[to

Association

August

Meeting

Annual

Third

The

continued.]

be

held

of

the

Korthwestern

Fargo, Dakota, commencing
continuing two days.

will be

T, 1885, and
WISCONSIN

STATE

SOCIETY.

DENTAL

Meeting of this Society will
LaCrosse, commencing Wednesday, July 29, 1885,
three
days. The profession of this and other states
invited

to

of Dental

Board

Hotel,

applicantsfor

La

to

Annual

seventeenth

Society will
reduced

at

tickets

can

the
be

had

meet

session

Mountain

continue

cordially

are

the

at

national
Interall

Com.

Sec. Exam.

Board.

SOCIETY.

of the

tal
Pennsylvania State DenSprings,Tuesday,July 28, 1885,
three days. Rates
have been
Orders

House.

by applying

Ex.

DENTAL

Cresson
in

continue

m., and

a.

Ch.

Palmer,

Meeting
at

convene

will

Smith,

STATE

PENNSYLVANIA

10

at

on

Edgar

at

and

held

Tuesday, July 28, and request
report on that day if possible,

Crosse,

license

Examiners

C. A.

The

be

attend.

State

The

Friday,

at

Annual

fifteenth

The

Dental

for

specialexcursion

to

W.

H

Cor. ScC.

FUNDENBEEG,

ANNOUNCEMENT.

Association

4,
The

large

Meeting

Annual

Twenty-Fifth

The

will

be

held

of

the

tal
Den-

American

Minneapolis, commencing

at

gust
Au-

1885.

present prospects

are

that

the

meeting

will be

an

unusally

one.

Railroad

fares

have

been

secured

at

an

unprecedentedlylow

rate.

321

Societies.

Dental

Minneapolis and return
York
Kew
for 824
to Chicago and
"will be furnisbed
eacb; from
At
S6.
return
SIS; from
Chicago to Minneapolis and return
for those
cure
wishing these tickets to sepresent, it will be necessary
make
able
be
in
rangements
arto
them
Chicago. Later, we
may
different
be
secured
at
points
they can
by which
of Committee
east.
By sending checks for tickets to Chairman
the tickets will be promptly forwarded.
of Arrangements
Xegoother pointsthat the committee
tiations are pending for rates, from
definite information
all, and more
anticipates will accommodate
circular
will be
sent
to
given in later journals and also in a
Tickets

for

the

New

trip from

York

to

"every member.
The

hotel

Kicolett

will be

rates

House, 83;

as

National

follows:

"West

Hotel,

84

Hotel,

per

day;

82,

ideas
in refacts
gard
or
having any new
hoped that members
to theory or
practicewill come
prepared to present them in
in
connection
with section work.
Any one having anything new
of appliances will be
the way
given an opportunity to demon
their
to
state
use
during the half day that will be devoted
It is

.

clinics.
ATTRACTIOTS

Come
and

benefits

beautiful

tackle.
and'fishing
of
meeting, the attractions

with

equipped

of the

city where

EXCURSIOXS.

AXD

we

guns

meet

are

all too

well

While

the interest

the

known

trip and

the

need

any

to

find
nesota
Minthey will
nesota
Minof the finest of hunting and
one
fishing countries.
is especiallyfamous
and
for its prairie chicken
grouse
It
there
and
its
fine
is
estimated
that
shooting,
fishinggrounds.
less than 10,000 lakes dotting the State.
not
are
If one
wishes
still greater variety of scenery,
and to see anew,
a
wild and picturesquecountry,
and
draw
the big brook
out
trout,
the black bass, and the mighty muskalouge
from
the cold waters
of the Lake
Superior region, in fact to enjoy the finest fresh
and return
water
fishingin the world. Ticket Chicago to Ashland

specialmention,

it may

will be furnished
A

still greater

shape

of

National

a

ten

on

attraction

(ifanother

day'sexcursion

Park,"

to

immediately

sufficient number

send

and

rates.

the way

all that

to

occur

for 810.

provided a
securingof specialcars
when

not

as

far

as

the

far

famed

close

upon
in

needed)

were

their

The

of
names

"Yellow
the
to

committee

Minneapolis,

many

is offered

will

in

Stone

Association,
warrant

the

believes

that

avail

them-

Archives

The

322

selves

of this

world.

The

opportunity of seeing
entire

for the

expense

Dentistry.

or

in the
grandest scenery
round
Minneapolis,
trip from
Pullman
fares,
sleeping car
the

transportations and
Pacific
Northern
meals
on
dining cars, hotel accommodations,
A
five days in the park and
stage transportation,will be ^120.
sent
to
in full will be
circular describing the magnificent scenery
Association
Dental
at
American
of the
an
member
early
every
who
ceive
contemplate going will reday. Others than members
may
rail

including

come
applicationfor it. Come
one,
along. It will be a tripthat ladies will
all; and bring your wives
Stone
Park
will
especiallyenjoy. Those wishing to go to Yellow
at
an
early day, that all arrangements
please send in their names
be speedilyand
completed.
satisfactorily
may
address
J. X. Grouse, 2101
informmation
further
For
Michigan

the

by making

same

Chicago,

avenue,

Chairman

Twenty-Fifth
will be held

at

Tuesday, August 4,

M.,

Session

Annual

of

Arrangements.

ASSOCIATION.

DENTAL

AMERICAN
The

Committee

of

of

Dental

American

the

Minneapolis, Minn., commencing

11

a.

Cushixg,

Geo.

1885.

at

sociation
As-

Recording Secretary.
ASSOCIATION

NATIONAL
The

will be

Examiners
is

It

of

regular meeting

next

1885,

OF

hoped

held
there

at

will

National

the

Minneapolis
be

EXAMINERS.

DENTAL

a

Association
on

of

Tuesday, August 4,

representationof

full

Geo.

Boards.

tal
Den-

State

Cushing,
Secretary.

MISCELLANY.

OF

HYDROCHLORATE
Sir:

As

a

cocaine

in

preent

time:

A.
the

B,,
14th

a

contribution

minor

surgery,

COCAINE

MINOR

SURGERY.

of hydrochlorate of
showing the eflficacy
is of interest at the
the
following case

phlegmatic German,

inst.,while

IN

abont

forty years

cleaning a revolver,

of age,

on

shot
accidentally

Friday,
himself

Archives

The

324

Dentistry.

or

of
patients,
electrolysisis often, to some
Epilationby means
the
the upper
rather a painful procedure, especiallyabout
lip,near
its angle and the chin. These
the jaw bone, between
and over
nose,
regions offered a good field for testingcocaine. Accordingly, I bad
a

four

ointment

cent,

per

cocaine

of

oleic

and

acid

(not

oleate,

an

by my
druggist, Mr. Fingerhut, of No.
Fourth
404
Avenue" the hydrochlorate used
being from a lot that
had proved active in ophthalmological practice. I first tried it on
five minutes.
of one
of my
the back
wrists, rubbing it in for some
less
much
I found
that pulling on the hairs of the part rubbed
was
Then
I had an
intelligentpatient,whose
painful than elsewhere.
rub it well into
removing by electrolysis,
superfluoushairs I was
the angle
the left side of her upper
lip and into her cheek, between
perceive)made

will

you

of the

and

jaw

extracted

be

with

battery without
operation had
used, and
side of the
for the

patient said
and

that

amount

One

been
same

that

I

hairs

much

to

to

Thomas

a

the

death

ao"0, communicated

which
that

to

serve

bacterium

may

be

the

subtile, one

resisted

A

observations

illustrate

has

bacterium

AS

I

effect lasted

the

The

feelingit,

her

others

did

not

only report this to
I certainly feel
street, Nov.

31st

courage
enen-

24,

1SS4.

GERMICIDE.

M.

organisms.

some

in the

other

immensely; the introduction
apparently of a powerful nature, may de-

some

kill,dies when

the

were

life vary

of animal

of

cells

Joaraal.

East

14

of

cases.

Y. 3fedicat

ACID

singleinfluence, not

tei-mine

and

upon,

in similar

Jacksox,

FORMIC

conditions

regions to

freshlycharged
days before, the

without

extraction

the

build

iV.

"

of

a

anaesthetic

The

removed

were

try cocaine

jcouraged to try again.

The

in those

fect
ef-

working, probably thirty minutes.

was

some

is not

Geo.

cells of

twelve

sensitive.

very

were

time

others

hair

the

amesthetic

the

signs of pain. Two
painful,although only nine
very
day the corresponding regions on

pain attending
anything.

case

allowed

from

the
to

five minutes

evincing any

face

whole

about

she

current

a

the

on

In

and

marked,

well

was

chin.

the

the

presence
the

of

action

instantaneouslykilled by

des Sciences

the Academic

general principle.He has found
to
diflicult micro-parasites
most

above
of

to

weeks

Schnetzler, a few

of

formic

acid.

Even

boiling

water

for

fonnic

acid;

a

drop

when
one

this

hour, it

of water

con-

325

^IlSCELLAXY.

thousandth

taining a
with

thousands

The

part of formic

of the

tract

acid

on

the

bacillus

on

acid

cholera

should

be

treated
The

to

charbon, provided this
wool

and

"

in such

that
formic
fatal

all

acid

be

As

summarizes

stimulant

a

In the

3.

and

morphine
To

7.

local

NEW
Mr.

Julhe, in

presented
experiments that he

the

rendering

a

note

of

use

all materials

and

wood, undergo shrinkage and

When

then,

thick
applied in sufficiently
a

surface

that

change, provided it
to
give this material

crushing.

to

scribes
Sciences, de-

with

view

a

cracking through
resist

to

coats

propertiesthat

This

des

performed

atmospheric
protected against water.

two

aphrodisiac.

an

Journal.

Academie

and

time

be

As

6.

of the

to

which
building,plasteris the only one
and
application,while mortars
cements,

in bulk

even

its

bles.
digestivetrou-

general.

increases

after

In

1.

PLASTER.

the

has

follows:

as

in the treatment

Y. Medical

to

Lancet

"

drug
2.

remedy

plasterstill more

iised in

this

HARDENING

OF

so

COCAINE.

In asthma.
y.

"

of

of

occcurrence

its allies.

for

a

5.

anaesthesia.

MODE

some

Of

habits.

the

gestion
sug-

solution

weak

a

exhaustion.

As

4.

in

OF

bodily

cachexias.

"

preventing

indications
of

cases

alcohol

induce

in

the

impossible

washed

USES

the

in

of formic

be

malignant pustule and

as

digestive

trial

the

injuryseems

be

of value

DIFFERENT
Freud

it may

state

wool

imported

might

disease

a

diluted

a

purpose.

into the

suggested that its action
equallydeserving of experiment. If formic
be capable of destroying the dried virus of
chemical
not
injure imported
agent does

is

found

effect the

to

recommends

author

teeming

of water

drop

a

be introduced

may

bacillus, and

anthra.cis

to

l)acteria,is sufficient

fluid

so
swarming
with impunity.

acid

Mr.

Julhe

mixed

with

one

breakage

variations
But

it lacks

is what

drying.

"

it offers,
will

not

it is necessary

hardness
to

proposes

and
effect

sistance
re-

by

his process.
Six

of

parts

slacked

lime.

moulding

any

soaked

a

in

plaster
This

are

mixture

object whatever,

solution

of

a

is
and

used

of

like

when

sulphate having

once
a

finely sifted unordinary plaster for
dry,
base

the

object

is

precipitable by

326

The

lime, and

the

and
l^ores of

precipitateof

oxide

the

Sulphates
best.

of

lime, both
render

zinc

iron

the

and

first the

Dentistry.

of

which

object and
of

With
it

Aechi^tes

is insoluble.

of

them

it hard
are

the

tint of

phate
sul-

fill the

tough.

salts that

object remains

gradually assumes

form

insoluble, Avhich
and

the

These

the

answer

white, and

purpose

with

sesquioxide of

the

iron.

ond
sec-

Chron-

"

ique Industrielle.

A

LIME
At

LIGHT

meeting

a

FOR

of

the

DEMOXSTRATION

PURPOSES.

Edinburgh Medico-Chirurgical Society,Dr.

Foulis
of

a

the

of the circulation
in the web
recently gave a demonstration
botanical
of
test
frog'sfoot and of some
objects by means
oxyhydrogen light. The light,transmitted
through a powerful

condenser, passed through
thrown

a

upon

25

feet.

on

this

The

ordinary microscope lens,
large plate of ground glass at a distance
could
be
image of the object demonstrated

DENTAL
the

3d
"An

of

Surgery

Dental
State

LAW

of

day

entitled.

act

IN

1885, the

March,
Ensure

to

and

to

the

Education

Better

Regulate

the

of

furthermore

time

and

examined

book

kept

for

State

Board

of

obliged
place

Governor
of

the

law

of Practitioners

Practice

the
to

as

come

they

science

3d

of

of

Dentistry

and

of

the

state

in

the

in

March

Dental

3, 1885,
in the

purpose

enter

said

board

of

designate, for
art

of

of

dental
from

the

or

surgery,

reputable

(whose

alties,
pensuch

at

of

being

for the

dental

names

state

heavy

purpose

Minnesota, pursuant

law, appointed five dentists

The

examiners,

-the

to

to

poses-

Examiners.-'
shall

who

practiceof

March, 1885, shall,under

before
shall

the

all dentists

presenting such diplomas
they may be possessed.

whereof
The

after

in the

of

a

requiresthat

Minnesota
be

in

names

"Minnesota

the

a

Minnesota.

of

registertheir

of

about

focused

legislatureapproved

requiresall dentists having been engaged
dentistryin the state of Minnesota, on or before

law

of

MINNESOTA.

It

sion

was

ScieiUiJicAmerican.

"

the

and

with
plate with great exactitude, the definition even
high
isfactory.
being excellent, and the general effect strikingly sat-

powers

On

an

pose
pur-

colleges
the
were

tions
exac-

pre-

Miscellany.

sented

to

him

Board

of

Dental

Minnesota

the

by

D.

I. Brown,

G.

V.

B.

G.

Merrj',D.

M.

R.

Metcalf, D. D.

board

the letter and

of

were

follows:

as

President.

"

Paul.

S., St.

D.,

first

D.

S., Minneaplis

D.

and

law,

"National

the

Secretary.
vigorously apply
comply as far as possible

determined

meeting

the

spiritof

dictates

the

with

appointments

State

a

S., Duluth.

M.

their

at

Society) as

S., Stillwater.

D.

Martindale,

J. H.
The

D.

D.

His

S., Faribault

D.

Dental

State

Examiners.

J. I. Clements,

327

to

Board

to

of

J. H,

"

State

ers."
Examin-

Dental

Martindale,

Secretary.

MEDICAL

THE
The

AND

lamp used
by agents

electric

is manufactured
mounted
a

to

reflector

to

of

rubber

General

examining
Edison

the

holder,

the

LAMP.
Grant's

throat
It is

Light Company.

about

inches

seven

which

the

ing
hav-

long,
be

light can

thrown

by two silk-covered
small storage battery carried
in the pocket of the
cian.
physiturned
is
small
button
on
on
by simply pressing a
light
button
holder, and the quantity is governed by another

a

The
the

for

lamp end, by
angle. The holder

at

desired

any

wires

hard

a

on

ELECTRIC

DENTAL

rubber

convenient

The

the operator.

to

is connected

is inserted

lamp

most
al-

mouth

in the

the
palate, with the reflector above
lamp, which
throws
the lightdown
The
the throat.
unpleasant
lamp has no
and
half
candle.
The
extreme
to
a sperm
heat,
gives a lightequal
valuable
the
it very
to
simplicityof the whole
appliance makes
to

the

dentist.

physician and

TO
Dr.

J. J. R.

class to

Patrick

STUDENTS.

DENTAL
hands

the

following

mould
of

or

the

circumference,
process

the

are

direction

of

to

the members

of

his

memorized:

be

developed like bone,
deposited in pre-formed cells

Teeth
are

Americmi.
Scientific

"

matrix

of

in tooth

calcification

from
in

matter;

in bone
the

bone

but

they

is from

circumference
is

salts in both

cavities,organized

or

animal

deposit,which

hardening

the
to

centrifugal,in

the
teeth

in

cases
a

existing
pre-

differ

in

the

centre

to

the

centre;

the

centripetal.

The

32 S

Now,

where

fishes

Aechives

succession

a

Dentistry.

or

of

teeth

(notably in sharks) the

in

as
reqiiired,

are

formation

of

mammals,
is

version
by conof, instead of transudation
from, a pre-existingpulp, and a
successive
formation
of these pulps necesarilyfollows where
a succession
of teeth are
required.
In teeth Avhere the pulp? are
phant,
persistentas in the tusks of the ele-

many

the
formative

and

boar

the

process

walrus, and

incisors

the

is

from,
by transudation
for such
teeth
of, the pre-existingjiulps,
growth, and the pulps are always found in
up

to

process

time

the

preceded by

of

the

deciduous

animal's

Inventions

rodents, the
conversion

by

not

unlimited

are

full

death, and

in

their

ity
progressiveactiv-

such

teeth

not

are

teeth.

MONTHLY
For

and

a

all

of

LIST

OF

PATENTS
and

Surgery Interests
25, 1885.
bearing date March
Reported expressly for this paper
by Louis Bagger " Co., Mechanical
Experts and Solicitors of
Advice
free.
Patents, "Washington, D. C.

N.

313,411.

Dental

313,382.

Dental

Relating

Dentistry

to

W.

A.

Engine"
tool-rack

Eldredge,

and

case.

Rapids, :\[ich.
Stilhnan, Syracuse,

A.

A.

"

Grand

Y.

313,434.

Artificial

denture.

313,057.

Body-truss.

Orville

313,745.

Inhaler.

M.

"

A.

"

J. E.

"

Low, Chicago, 111.
Case, Hartford, Conn.

Long, Monroe,

Surgical chair.
George Weber,
and
313.782. (Surgical)electric mouth
313,636.

T.

"

Mich.

Brooklyn,
throat

N.

Y.

illuminator.

"

E.

Starr, Phila., 111.
313.783.

(Surgical)electric

purposes.

"

E. T.

crown.

313.738. Artificial tooth

crown.

Rectal

314,485.

Inhaler.

The
the

Missing

evolutionists

for

the

mouth

and

ilar
sim-

Starr, Phila., Pa.

313.737. Artificial tooth

314,182.

illuminator

"

"

W.

S.

Howe,

Phila., Pa.

W.

S.

Howe,

Phila., Pa.

speculum. L J. Ingersoll,Denver, Colo.
\V. B. Spencer, Terra
Haute, Ind.
"

"

Link.

"

have

Chicago brakeman
long sought in vain.
A

has
He

has

found
found

what
"the

Missini; Link."
At
are

least

one-half

develojiedfrom

the
the

chronic

excessive

diseases
use

of

of

sugar.

women

and

children

JoURN.^LISTIC.

329

JOURNALISTIC.
"Readingmaketh

A

Xew

Septic

has

he

six

on

observed

had

a

new

in

an

ten-thousandth

in breadth.

side

be

seen

The

other, and

the

resulting organism
broken

into

up

and

be

die

ultimately to
into

granules
Medical

the

Journal

Pyorrhoea
my

drop

to

seen

and

adult

object of
or

making

as

time

its motions

and

of

phenol sodique,one-fourth
cotton,

after

the

The

a

by

Dr.

rely only

chronic

the

to

would
from
one.

slower, and

traced.

be

Riggs.

British

"

To

"

reiterate

treatment
sui-gical
some
tive
simple pallia-

on

on

The

gingival margins.
be
the
In

I order

it

Association.

to

allay
severe

the

worst

any

myrrh

little

rest
un-

operation
cases,

dilution,applied by myself, on

sitting;then,

swim

to

'granules,the spores,
development of these

also

afterwards,

topicaltreatment

wound

of

Medical

Treated
I should

became

stream

could

this

fresh

It still continued

granules.

subsidiarytreatment
slightpain that may follow
a

plied
ap-

being gradually
together.
its
and
came
beswollen,
protoplasm soon

American

processes,

being

one

fused

two

monads

Alveolaris

remedies,

individuals,

two

disappear.

in Journal

curative

in

continuous

a

oft-repeated views,

for the

of

a

a

half that
length, and about
sweeping and destroying putrescible
sides
Betime, very rapidly in numbers.
also multiplies by producing spores,

was

minute

about, however, but after
could

one

inch

in which

fish
piece of codsmall, oval organism with
at each
end, measuring about

very

conjugation of

apparent
the

a

and

an

increasingat the same
dividing by fission,it

to

of rabbit

It is

matter,

after the

man;

the

infusion

part of

It could

ready

a

man."

croscopic
meeting of the Royal MiFebruary 11, Dr. Dallinger gave his presidential
It
is
which
a
monad,
septicorganism.

each

on

conference,
exact

At

"

macerated.

been

two
flagella,

one

writini:,an

Organism.

Society,on
address

full man;

a

and

a

I

of

use

pellet

tincture, full

330

The

strength,touched
of the gums,

day

a

the

Dentistry.

of

by the index fingerof
waking hour for the

every

thereafter

Aechr^es

for

week.

a

The

the

the

patient to
first day, and

alcohol

margin
times

several

of the tincture

stimulates

tissue

and the myrrh
has the best of therasufficiently,
the gum,
not
even
j^eutic properties. I inject nothing beneath
wash
that protoplasmic exuout
dation
water, for anything so used would
gum

the

from
If the
there

be

curative

second

necks

of flesh and

blood

demands.

the

sear

for

us

will

after

in the

not

of

formative

these

out

do

tissues, we

harm;
It is

presumption.

our

not

enter

a

credit

the

to

up

therapeutic

the

In

treatment.

sustains

of the

interest

the

operation.

consist

of

of

set

a

six, and

Philadelphia. I
I could

pattern, and

pain

of this covert

insidious

and

ing
crowd-

from

for

remedy

the

up

the

ment
treat-

of the S. S. White
in steel,temper
in the treatment

manipulation is

Their

disease.

the

about

for

be successful

and

ally
re-

dent
inci-

recuperative

the

uniformly good

others

no

are

warms

necessary
obtained

be

can

find them

use

patient in

of the

instruments

The

It

disease.

first

the

the

fourth, they assuage

cal
surgi-

the

palliative remedies

disease, no
and

perfectionof

in the

in all stages of the

treatment

Company,

phosed
metamor-

severe

mouth, and

and

wash

we

"pocket"

tissue, that

operation, and constrict the gums
the teeth, thus shutting out all foreign bodies
the gums.
Yet
I prescribe the above-named

of

power

If

then, resides

power,

stages

the

under
the

be

formation

needed, but in the third
to

any

account.

operation,and
and

done,
skillfully
will

will

our

The

undisturbed.

remain

blood, which

sharply rebuke
supererogation,which she

of
of

and

well

escharotic,and

injectan

or

Nature

side

a

Nature's

just answers
bodies,

into

should

fresh

will fill with
soon

very

work

which

wound

surgicaloperation be
may

and

fresh

culiar
pe-

clinical instruction,
and needs
minute, critical,
particular,
these
tire
cases.
for any one
Failure, either ento successfully treat
the beginner, unless he is furnished
or
partial,will confront
mit
of procedure to begin with; besides, I subwith the right methods
and

the

point,is it 'fair,and in accord with the ethics of
the patient,when
to experiment blindly on
ample

instruction
the

relative

holding
"

can

the

instrument

and

down

the

to

perfect work

o))erator

its various

"

the
on

take

It would

obtained?

position of

its progress

clean

be

Hue
the

of
tooth

to

the

pages

many

mode

"

on

health

of

the

in its passage

tissue
to

of

the tooth

about

and

fession,
pro-

clinical
describe

to

])atient the

motions

the

"

and

its

that line. The

332

The

tion
I

repeated,

was

began

to

syringe,

I

portion

of the

soft

First

about

injected

four

palate, on
have

not

interval,till

11.35.

at

Dentistry.

of

ten-minutes

at

operate

I should

knew

Archives

of

either

interfere

to

of the
in

side,
with

had

with

all,

minims

four

been

made.

hypodermic

a

solution

same

location

a

in

a

which

during operation.

I
The

and

ordinary

then gone
recognized procedures were
through with,
and
only
delays as were
required for freeing the mouth
throat
from
for a short time from
blood, or for resting his mouth
the constraint
Twice
imposed by the mouth
during the progag.
cedure

with

such

the

was

Paring

mucus.

for

of the

the

faucial

with

such

to

The

hour.

soft

loosened

nor

can

suffering,since
but

tunded,

1
and

than

the

rather

ascribed

had

the

view

alone,

as

before

never

to

the

b^en

exact

subjected

more

expeditious

be

have

the
the

spared
a

part,
of

amount

him.
at

part of
At

least,of

cocaine

the

an

without

of

the

a

jaws

this

might

comfort
dis-

well

the

through
from

ful
pain-

sitting he

the

his faintness

introduced

and

ob-

general

a

having

hour,

close

Altogether, the experiment,
not

of

less

but

his

tion;
opera-

greatly

and

Nothing

painful annoyance

of
any

was

been.

greater

to

cial
fauway,

amount

made

obviate

was

by

the

excusable

proceeding
otherwise

needle.

test

when

sensibility

faint, but

to

hard

the

relative

widely separated for

was

operation.

introduced,

were

acute

not

performed
permit

and

the

that

could

could

of

of

steps
silk

work

convinced

it would

anaesthetic
so

am

the

composing
all

were

essary
nec-

bony palate,

.the muscles

thorough

three

incisions

the

palate, and
certainly squirmed in an

any

he

from

and

was

from

he

cut

I institute

lateral

of sutures,

see

blood

away

undue
perfectly closed, and without
operation,including "waits," occupied about
the
pain, for when
say that the patient felt no

not

pillarswere

of

ensure

and

fissure

entire

Avere

periosteum

could

as

wiping

the fissure, the

would

as

sutures

the

I Avill

parts

of

introduction

many

shotted

of which

tension.

as

after

on,

palate,section

tensores

deliberation

silver

means

edges

pillars,and

demonstration
Four

of the

brushed

urano-plasty,f
reeing the

tenotomy

an

solution

be

dermic
hypo-

physiological

interest,Avhile cJinicallyit

quite

was

gratifying.
I may
sutured

days.
little

add

that

edges,

the

the 'stitches

Anatomically
hope here,

result

or

the

in any

perfect union
being removed

of the

was

resialt
similar

is therefore
case,

of

on

the

whole
fifth and

perfect;
remedying

line of

but

the

sixth
I

have

peculiar-

333

Journalistic.

nasal

ly disagreeable

Affections

Tuberculous

"

the
Berlin

Affections

or

their

in

caseous

Herr

Upon

the

Maas,

of

to

tongue,

since

author

was

a

nasal

cavity,

Medical
"

bore

often
of
and

Record.

cancer

form

a

of
a

Aachen,
a

or

similar

close
had
one

it

presence
is

and
such

ulcers."

extremely

carcinoma
a

The

gumma.

of
of

degree

a

mation.
inflam-

often

was

be

to

rhinitis,

tubercular

seen

of

tubercular

tissue

the

swelling

prognosis

removed

to

such
the

the

of

which

nose

fibroma.

containing

resemblance

from

the

to

catarrhal

tuberculosis

namely,
fibrous

tal
congeni-

good.
of

mentioned,

not

Riedel,

Herr

reached

relatively
to

composecl
It

for

was

twice
that

become

affection

upon

tuberculosis
often

former

referred

tumor

said

between

mistaken

had

had

tions,
ulcerabecome

scrofulous

dependent

one

author

he

of

for

This

so-called

of

may

due

ozoena

the

Wurzburg,

the

Konig

Herr

and
the

mouth

membrane.

speaking

time

mistaken

often

in

form

certain

the

tuberculous

a

from

distinguish

readily

is

mucous

lips

tuberculosis

lingual

the

nasal

affection

difficult

be

also

of

parts

which

the
a

held

Membranes,

under
after

fore
be-

paper

In

Mucous

which

Meii-

Society

Tuberculosis."

exists

Other

distinguished

common

to

Inde"

interesting

an

Accessible

nodules,

is

the

on

carefully

as

voice.

Mucous

Surgical

in

tongue

center.

There

syphilis.
ulcers

the

read

German

the

tuberculosis

of

seat

of

deep-seated

as

the

of

"Tuberculosis

very

of

Experiences

"Surgical

Tuberculous

of

singing

or

Accessible

the

Halle,

of

Congress

recent

upon

of

Volkmann,

Herr

BRAXES.

the

speaking

the

Practitioner.

pend.ent

says:

of

tone

substance

bercles.
tu-

numerous

polypus.

mucous

a

This

from

growth
of

the
J.

the

tongue.
S.

M,

The

334

Archives

Dentistry.

of

CORRESPONDENCE.

CORRCETION

A
In

I stated

Archives,

that

Frederick

authority of

in

papers

says:

"We

author

before

in the

papers

Britain.

Dental

before

I made

us

In

the

Odonto-

series

of Mr.

1884, Mr.

of papers

the

on

his review

December,

a

of of the

this statement

S., Eng,

Record

presentedto

April number

read

were

papers

Rose, L. D.

the

have

facts

The

the

Great

logical Society of
Sewill's

Sewill's

of Mr.

review

my

read

Rose

by

Odontological Society of Great Britain.
that in April, 1884, Mr. Sewill
undertook
the etiology and pathology of caries in

the

the
are

his views

to

sent
pre-

speech
afte:* speaking twenty
the society, but
before
minutes, finding]his
his speech and publish it
time too
to Avrite out
limited, concluded
on

The

in the Journal.
the

Society,and

expressing

misled

no

occasion

teachings

of these

of

the

not

come

out

for discussion.

up

Journal

the

by
to

that

the

the

dissent

Mass., May
Springfield,

13,

"

Annual

Association, which

convened

Since

Whereas:

Association

The

of Dentistry.

the Fourteenth

the

and

by

AUwise

the

Kansas,

following

Meeting of
at
Topeka

last

meeting

Author

Seaele

1885.

ToPEKA,

at

sociation
As-

Odontological Society.
F.

Archives

as

Record,

language

without

to

pers
pa-

not

Dental

Dental

style,the

before
The

and

British

in

listened

were

papers

author

th"

of

statement

infer

read

not

was

of the
responsibility

of the

been

have

the members

views

the

I not

I should
the

the

written

as

did

course

published on

were

Had

of

speech

a

of

resolutions

the

May

of the
our

May

Kansas

8,

were

1885.

adopted

State

Dental

State

Dental

5.

Kansas

being

has

removed

by

Correspondence.
death

Meredith:

friend

esteemed

highly

oiir

335

fellow

and

laborer, Dr.

L.

P.

Therefore, Ife it
That

regret that
as

desire

sincere
give expression to our
valuable
the
dental
to
one
so
an
thor,
auprofession as
cultivated
tainments
gentleman and of high professional at-

Hesolved,

a

we

should

be

lost

to

to

the

of

cause

dental

in the

progress

world.

Itesolved, That
so

will

we

his

profitby

counsels, which

always

were

ably given.
Resolved, That

memorial

family

a

in the

page

Mesob.'ed, That

and
extend

we

in their

sympathy

association

deceased

of the

of these

copy

deep

to

resolutions

records,
the

to

Dental

his

be

a

copy

spread

upon

a

furnished

to

the

Journals.

sorrowing family

sincere

our

affliction.
"J.D.

Patterson,

R.

I.

A.

H.

Pearson,
Thompson,
Committee.

B.

C.

Reed,

Secretary.

Mt.

1

Vernon

Boston,
Editors

Archives

beginning

on

page

articles

published

Here
of

is

the

which

one

suggested
described

on

Ever

J.

to

him

since

journals.
subject,worthy

Journal

A.

his

in

of

the

idea

to

Dental

of
to

Science

for

Dr.

by

E.

of

Maynard

been

)

fillings
Archives

"resurrecting"
322

page

in

July, 1857,
fillingswere

Washington

D.

C,

and

methods.
the

my

pupils and

that

article

offered,and

I have

of.the Archives
called

to

a

used

have

enamel

always given

office associate.
Jacob

Boston,
has

)

1885.

resurrection,on

RespectfullyYours.

Editor

the

Volt, of Baltimore, said that enamel

publication of
occasion
as
porcelainfillings

and

of

11,

enamel

on

January, 1885, number
a good point in regard

this

American
Dr.

9, of

Mass., May
artricle

an

"

I noticed

Dentistry,

or

of Dentistry. In

Street,

of

Hentistry.

communication

"

Dear

in your

Sir

L. Williams.

Mat
"

journal

28, 1885.

My

attention

relative

to

the

336

The

sale

of

hold

the

printed

weeks
have

the

the

did

pamjihlets

willing

in

two

the

the

any

and

issues
the

they

and

distributed.
less

Boston

periodicals

J.

nials.
testimountil

the

intention

no

I

the

We

of.

two

one.

any

we

given

as

together

had

questions
R.

are

the

I

deceuing

vouchers.

that

say

complained

printed

Avere

who

person

they

received

printer

to

certain

of

paper

that

much

one,

satisfy

to

different

and

desire

simply

Thorndike,

of

received

were

the

putting

in

know

not

I

Dr.

appearance

voiachers

two

I

from

separately

before

Dentistey.

of

AnsestTietic.

Vegetable
testimonials

two

and

Aechites

of

ly
perfect-

am

by

matter

ducing
pro-

Manager

Huxtee,

Anresthetic

Vegetable

Co.

EDITORIAL.

PUBLISHER'S

Subscribers
1885

who

informed

are

although

the

what

rely

the

we

small

De.

W.

that

sum

on

of
to

due

sum

Society,
last

have

B.

each

and

each

will

be

remitted

Peoria

and

not

at

the

Chicago,

and

due,

is

We

expenses.

the

year

aggregate

without

of

the

past

now

small

monthly

vice-President

for

journal
are

is

subscription

Woodwaed,
at

this

subscriptions

weekly

meet

for

paid

not

their

from

resides

NOTICE.

trust

delay.

Illinois
as

State

stated

tal
Denin

our

issue.

All

labor,

true

there

work
is

is

in

sacred;

something

of

all

true

divineness.

work,

were

it but

true

Caelyle.

hand-

TUB

Archives of Dentistry.
J
A

Vol.

Monthly

Record

No.

n.,

Dental

of

AUGUST,

8.]

Of

all the

of

Abstract

the

ALTON

HOWARD

read

last

presented
he

a

paper

Missouri

method

the

from

from

the

perfect

this

time.

It

outstripped
science,

and
the

needs
Dr.

one;

and

of

asserts

educated

culture, the
be

and

if

This

limits

the

to

that

science,

decay.

professional
necessary

shown

facts, and

Thompson
that

application

our

new

of

this

produced

not

paper

art, while
the

these

knows,
of

in

practice,

was

former

would

had

far
at

far

fresh
grade
retro-

by showing

practice.

the

is
limits

disease,
of

very

age
art

our

which

scientific

empirical,

method
to

in

were

the

the
in

Thompson

the

we

of

scientific

features

of

yet

need

methods

characteristics
the

Sweet

at

Practice,"

that

supplemented

the

Dr.

methods

furnished

operator

in

in

showed

that

practical
that

association

scientific
our

S.

Association,

development

and

of

D.

Dental

Methods

the

empiricism,

was

State

"Scientific

process

crude

of

D.

7, 1885.

July

meeting

upon

PRACTICE.

THOMPSON,

the

before

annual

described

excel,
writing well."

wise
is

IN

Springs,

At

the

masterpiece

METHODS

paper

a

in which

chief

PRACTICAL

BY

Series.

[New

ARTICLES.
arts

Nature's

Art.

and

1885.

ORIGINAL
"

Science

a

the

disease

the

practical
of

present

alteratio^
to

effeo^

The

338

and

cure,

the

ARcnmES

of

means

Dentistry.

of

this.

doing

He

does

experiment first
something to help the
not

thing and then another till he finds
patient,but knowing the right thing to do, he does it. It
well as scientific,
know
what
to
to do
as
practical,
with

one

delay; to
nothing is

disease

a

made

practicalwithout

science, plus the

of

art

his

day that operative ability
in the

culture

often

too

are

men

does

not

would

science

failure, and
hand

the

only

standing.
wide-spread

is

There

a

There

Partial

succeed, and

is

the

a

ing
grow-

divorce

of
tal
to-

means

head

whose

sustain

ceptions
ex-

tion
combina-

culture
he

man,

scientific

the

practice,but

rounded

can

and
practical,

and

2)rofessional

the

scientific

This

for

honored;

is

man

feeling must
is lost.

culture

that

of

cure

it is he

rily
necessa-

gain

not

The

who

science

refuse

can

to

a

scientific
renders

art

disease

ignore science,than

more

that

renders
possible. Science
possible by furnishing working knowledge.

the

and

serviceable

and

regarded

be

must

belief

cultire, or

in dental

foothold

no

and

scientific.

impracticalbecause

can

no

but

it should.

often

brilliant

many

doubt

tific
scien-

are

the

our

and

excellence

man

is

with

and

are

in

happens

combined

matters,

knows

who

finest operators

of both.

fully

trained

well

both

are

downfall

the

be

scientific

he

ly
real-

fore
There-

knowledge.
often

out
with-

it;and

cure

is

too

not

are

The

yet there

to separate
disposition
two

skill

frequently as

as

to

man

practitioners. There

poor

appear

calling. It

and

upon

to this statement,

the

how

this varied

individual.

same

informed

poorly

very

know

to

educated, the cultured, the skillful

the
the

and

know

is preeminently

skill
Art

its worker,

own

art.

What

His
the

in

not,

must
as

in
better

is of

his

utilization

the

saving

His

equipped.

experience,it
which

to

and

the
to

with

the

practical
ence
applicationof sci-

and

of disease.

cure

dismiss

We

practicalthings

work
of

has

is stronger, is further
is further
His

science.

is true, but

He

consideration.

much

as

department

place far in advance
bv

and

practical methods

can

dental
has his place in the
practicalman
importance as that of the scientific
just as much

is entitled

that

its devotees

and

The

notice.

world, which
and

tooth

of

of

therefore, permit the scientist

beneath

man,

field of

is the

work

of science

in defence
in behalf

said

be

equal force
man.

said

be

can

by

challenges the

a

advanced

and

methods

have

course

admiration

of

the

age,
advant-

developed
has

and

attained

been

a

attained

experiment,
tireless,intelligent

of the

educated

world.

340

The

because

Archives

thought that discussion
voked.
proMore
teeth are
filled to-day with
than
ever
before,
gold
the
of
the
still
notwithstanding
R^ide-spreaduse
plastics. Gold
holds its place,and finer fillings
the rule now
are
amongst the rank
preserved

and

the

and

study

file.

ordinary practitionerwas

The

fill teeth

to

attempt
to

of

Dentistry.

of

him

encourage

to

succeeds, and

and

In this

he

before

led

better

attempt

in the rank

Representativeoperators

should

preach

artistic

fruit.

The
of

improving

And

it does

from

come

and

than

teeth
the
But

the

defined

An

in

also

saving

tooth

of

for

being

and

things in

scientific

and

extended

be

in

cated
edu-

saving

are

tice.
pracmust

men

must

filled

are

sirous
de-

are

more

by them,

and

directions.

all

strictly
plastic materials are becoming more
stood.
underbetter
their
becoming
preserving qualitiesare
ing
strictness
unconscious
prevails in the selection of fill-

and

indicates

This

the

study

advance.

cements

are

more

with

plastics,and as he
with gold; so
plastics,
the

by the
tooth-saving,gold gains

upon

the

the

of

percha
gutta-

that

their

amalgam,

closelystudied

succeeds
as

observation, and

close

offices of

The

being

and

saving qualitiesmay be better defined.
The
hj
plasticsare being encroached
upon
The
materials.
practitionerextends the area

of

teach

the

unmistakable

powers

country.
to

fine

the

use

teeth

more

of

advance

an

sciences,but

doing

extensive

are

this

They
investigation.

of

this

employment

ranks.

our

does

He

continue

for the

matter,

more

his

results

literally
bearing golden

are

and

enter

work

as

such

there is
file,

therefore

nothing

before, because

ever

materials.
means

who

with

profession in

methods

for the

places of
as

or

to

in

and

labors

much

"o

students

trained

powers

their

not

plasticsare

The

little

care

mass

the

their

skill,for

plastic advocates

things in gold.

step by step progresses
dental

in the

forward

the

extracted, and

improvement
body of the

gold.

by

the
his

of

he

king

filling

tooth

follows

up

plasticswiden

and
plastics,

of

the

saving
tories
his victhe

area

of

success

So the sphere
plasticsenlarges the sphere of the noble metal.
is being extended, and that of gold also.
of the plastics
In regard to other departments of practicewe
may
say that in
and
in others
grading.
retroare
we
gaining,in others standing still,
some

the

For
and

instance, experimentationwith

unscientific remedies

orrbcea

alveolaris

is

and

just now

operations,for
the

fashionable

all sorts
the

of

treatment

thing,and

scientific
of

py-

the amount

of

sufferingthat

In

this disease
In

the
of

reason

dead

will be

of

treatment

better

a

teeth

and

the

the

last five years

the

art

caries

are

of

by
In the preservationof
have
abscess
we
gained

alveolar

been

has

have

behind, but

fallen

reaction, and

a

progress,

there

attaching crowns
in bridge-work there
await
produced which

development, and
and beautiful
things are
operations of
experience. New

all kinds

should

for
in

improvement

In

follows.

remarkable

be

been

has

is great activity
verdict

the

of

cautiouslyperformed

with interest
features
be watched
development of new
avoid
before
must
undertaking too
hasty adoption. We
"fancy" operations. Finally, wrought gold restorations,
and

many
either

in

should

be

the

crowns

to

is

There

which

endeavor

bridge-work

or

avoided.

toward

case,
not

speed.
making some

prosthesiswe

there

restoration

railroad

at

of materials.

treatment

In

experimentsis appalling.

in these

we

knowledge

materiallynothing.
of

inflicted

advancing

are

we

341

Articles.

Original

must

we

reach

insufficient

ujjon

foundations

operationand
continuallyreaching, but we
ideal

an

be

perfectionat

a

for every

bound, but

be

every
must

content

vance
ad-

to

experience and
Let us, therefore, cherish
the inspirationof the ideal
instruction.
of our
the daily nourishment
as
aspirationsfor better things,that
slowly,carefully
gathering valuable

ambition

our

being
and

develop symmetrically

may

in the

be rounded

tissue

bear

the

proportions of

impress

BY

from

a

read

paper

J.

D.

whole

beauty, and

D.

PATTERSON,
the

before

this disease

that

our

of

and

Missouri

State

July

8, 1884.

is

catarrhal.

D.

the

Let

us

of

the

examine

*

difliculty.
somewhat

find in the

similarityof
olaris, sufficient ground for

can

All

air passages

Association

That

the

the

*

history of

catarrhal
our

rectly
di-

are

gums
the

Sweet

at

secretions

I think

have

we

*

catarrh

irritation

and

and

see

if

we

pijotThoeaalve-

belief.

subject to catarrh; thus we
laryngeal catarrh, pharyngeal catarrh, catarrh
are

development.

Dental

through breathing,or poisoned by
Here
nasal, pharyngeal, or laryngeal catarrh.
solution

organ

S.

affected

from

professional

its every

ALVEOLARIS.

Springs,

I believe

and

perfect formation

of

PYORRHCEA

Extracts

lessons

have
of

nasal
the

tarrh,
ca-

trachea

342

The

and

of

the

bronchial

surfaces,and
serous

Archives

tubes.
its

runs

is coryza,

one

in temperatures,

tagiousnesis

It is

inflammation

an

accompanied by

course

Its

character.

muco-purulent

or

Dentistey.

of

and

weather

also dust

The

exudation

are

the

mucous

exudation

of

varied, the

mon
com-

a

producing rapid change

particlesin the

air,spores,

quite universallyadmitted.

character.

free

a

causes

influences

of

Its

etc.

It exhibits

also

con-

demic
epi-

an

first is watery,

like
saltyand serumthen filled with pus corpuscles and organisms, highly irritant
and excoriating. The
healthy organs immediately in the neighborhood
are
quicklyinvaded; from the discharge at the nostril the
disease often extends
The
to
epidermis becomes
highly inflamed.

at

"

cavities

the

of
I

sinus, and

the

ethnoid

believe, to

tooth, and

alveolaris."

institutingthe disease
The
deposit of calculi is

In Ziemsen's
catarrh

*

*

is

Medicine

predispositionto
also be

may

thus

form

the

lead

to

membranes

may
As

excrescences.

sometimes

after

that

vicious

also be

take

Thus

in

we

other

We

have

ulcers

alluded

the

In

an

find the

we

following on

attacked, and

attack

cavities

the

bone

The

two

throw

down

exhibit

the

the

troubles

seem

a

the

of
We

secretion

of

the

see

membrane,

this condition
exhibit

processes

nasal

in the

alveolaris.

pyorrhcea

membrane,

mucous

the

ultimatelyto
to

the

are

jaw."

upper

phenomena

attachments, and
Just

familiar

the catarrhal

under

here

catarrh, so

and

dent
is evi-

cavities

most

and

catarrh

lying beyond.

fact the

tive
ulcera-

adjacent to the nose
complication is produced difficult

a

cavity of

periosteum

its soft

An

penetrate deeply and

often

to

The

thus

cure.

the

that

see

fluids retained

occlusion

of

case

swelling and inflammation
effusion,ulceration,and deposit.

the

"pyorrh(Ei
accompaniment of

bony concretions,and hyperplasiaof
and
formations
actual
polypoid
new

is established.

place in

and

from

to

gum

destroyingthe periosteum produce caries,it

just as

circle

the

diagnosticateand

to

the

exacerbations.

acute

developed; the

chalky deposits,and

that

of

its acrid

*

Encyclopedia of

a

process

to

also

maxillary

with

called

have

we

the

:

"There

may

attachment

destroying the

inflammation.

catarrhal

sphenoid bones, to
cavity of the mouth, and

the

secretion, irritatingand
the

and

an

tendency of catarrh
separatingthe bone
absorb
is found

little

and
in

necrose

pyorrhoea.

diversityin

any

of

their

pathology.
Now, combining

the

fact

of

similarityin pathology

with

the

fact that
of

since

attention

ray

I have

pyorrhea

in

examination, catarrh
conclusion
mind

my

catarrh

a

very

in the
the

on

has

nose

not

found

some

form

degree

or

is

catarrh

a

to

of

nasal

Writers

catarrh

discharge from

to

such

coupled

catarrh
with

ravages

with

is at times

catarrh

was

the

attachments, but

tooth's
it

proves

dyscrasia,and

a

ping
drip-

as

cal
clini-

the

malignant, especiallywhen
considerable
territoryof bone

very

that

destroyed.

BY

A.

I believe

which

the

apparently have not considered
so
contagious or destructive

CAVITIES.

SENSITIVE

usually

of

case

have

was

breathing,but

mouth

history of

disease

the

that the
cause

oped
devel-

be

from

a

tion
frequently called attenof
aggravated with presence

alveolaris

pyorrhea

fact that

and

find

always

secretions.

upon

the

to

is to

gums,

mouth, especiallyin

the

close

upon

doubt

no

may

ture
na-

present, the

the

of

breathers, independently of contamination

mouth

catarrhal

not

was

is it necessary

of

membrane

the

to

singlecase, where,

a

throat, for catarrh

or

mucous

directed

been

pyorrhea alveolaris
Nor
logicalone.

that

343

Articles.

Original

cavities

those

considered

present
is this

D.,

L.

with

case

extend

surfaces, which

than

almost

those

to, and

borders

cervical

the

sensitive

more

GA.

S., I., SAVANNAH,

D.

about

absolutelyor

an

the

M.

BEST,

H.

of

others,

most

teeth

are

those

save

exposed nerve-pulp. Especially
the

labial and

below, the

margins

forming
often

on

buccal
of

the

gums.
which
of necessityvisits
portion of mankind
dentists,often too promiscuously to admit of the assumption that
factory
good judgment has prompted the selection, there exists no satisfor that

Happily

obtunder
I have

teeth.
is

a

of
said

special benefit

severe,

should

believe

that

its

be
were

would

use

nerve-pulps under
and
matter

pain incident
"happily," though
the

of

a

whole

course.

mankind

to

that

unavoidable; but
such

often

lead

circumstances
train
On

from

the

of

to

other

which

the

and

were

I

unnecessary
to

its

hand, there

are

led to

am

tual,
reallyeffecof

exposure

tion,
escaping observa-

would

consequences

it

rarely is

not

it

carious
think

not

observation

favorable
evil

I do

course

pain,

specificat hand,

a

very

of

of

excavation

the

on

numerous

follow
cases

as

a

in

The

344

which

be

pain-obtunder,in

a

would

of

be

signal

Dentistry.

of

hands

the

I know

benefit;and

cavities

class of

auxiliaryis

under
at

not

practitioner,
intelligent

the

of

of

advantageously applied than

more

the

Archives

no

facilitate

to

the

of

treatment

consideration.

Since, however

hand,

must

perform

most

rapid manner
decidedly to

we

it could

which

to

use

the

that

sirable
de-

work

out
with-

of

ting,
opera-

it.
1 have

in

found

desired,is

the ends

with

consistent

the

practice that

preferred.

be

crease
dryness of the cavity will also be found to materially dethe pain. Accordingly, I commence
by adjustingthe rubber
the cervical
down
below
margin
to force it well
dam, being sure
it in that positionso that the cavity is
of the cavity,and to secure
brought into requisition;
freelyexposed. The dental engine is now
Absolute

at its greatest
While
the engine is run
sharp blade-drill is used.
most
of the cavity at alto perforate the bottom
speed, the drill is made
then
size and shape can
point. A burr of the desired
every
of excavating and
the process
be used to consummate
forming the
a

cavity.
In many
while

in the

attended

often

is

method

mouth

same

with

a

society

The
Franklin

called

Swap

SecretaryGeo.
answered
the

at

the
new

on

the

The

called

last year,
as

to

make

one

a

the

10

at

for the

is less

President, A. J. Prosser.

into

best, if

St. Louis.

a.

m.

than
so

was

fair attendance.

ensuing

President

1885.

roll,when about

the

admitted
of

order

to

not

the

are:

increased

unusual

society and

year

present

were

much
.An

members

40

the

held.
ofticers elected

trial.

a

ASSOCIATION.

number

the

but

were
was

The

"

number

This

names.

sessions

whole

meeting

the

Shepard

members

of

ever

their

opening

during

has

to

L.

worth

Springs, July, 1,

Sweet

at

^

DENTAL

STATE
met

was
first,

SOCIETIES.

DENTAL

MISSOURI

"

the burr

use

is well

and
expeditious,

^

to

less,
pain-

excruciating character.

very

"i*-

procedure almost

of

attempt

an

of

pain

and

simple

this mode

found

I have

cases

the

best, the

ber
num-

ing
meet-

society

Vice-President,

Second

N.

Wm,

Vice-President,

First

345

Societies.

Dental

St. Louis.

Conrad,

Hungerford, Kansas
Shepard, Sedalia.

City,

Patterson, Kansas

City.

L.

C.

Recording Secretary, G. L.
Corresponding Secretary,J.

D.

Treasurer, J. A, Price, Weston.
Executive
Holmes

CommiOtee:
W.

and

Board

of

G.

A.

Geo.

Chairman;

Bowman,

P.

Morrison.

N.

J. G.

Censors:

Hollingworth,

E. E.

Shattuck

J.

and

F. McWilliams.
Committee:

Publication
Geo.

L.

D.

Patterson, W.

C.

H.

Darby,

as

the

J.

N.

Conrad

and

Shepard.

Committee

Ethics:

on

C. Stark

W.

and

R.

R.

Vaughn.
Sweet
the

chosen

Springs was

time

the

first Tuesday

after

for the

place

July, 1886.
unanimously expelled

J. B. D.
from

were
Worley and Geo. P. Ashton
societyfor unprofessional conduct.

the

Discussion

Dr.

on

Practice, see

Thompson's

Opened by Dr. C. L. Hungerford,
Dr. C.L.Hunger/ord.
The subject has been
by the writer of the paper that there remains

so

"

In

European practicescience
the

country
much

so

for
has

a

the

heretofore

a

certain

Asiatics

relation

of

sciences
that

country

and

science

was

with

The

found

use

was

teeth

other

regards

the

are

we

being

may

look

practicethan

all teeth

eastern

dentistrypracticed by
improvement.

be

supposed

be

ancients

of

a

could

impropriety of

is to

to

that

be

the

has

cement

been

ancient

rude

still

forms

remain,

rect
cor-

not

suing
pur-

commended

people, but
simple salivarycalculus.
Among

nations
the

the

cements

the bodies

of
to

of

of the writer

conclusions

taught to extract
saw
gold,but I soon

What

the

and

this

was

course.

extent.

analysisit

I

point.
a

in

in

the

in this

in
pleased with the comparison drawn
relative employment of the different materials

the

perfectlyfilled
such

added.

was

teeth, and
filling
this

little to be

obtained.

between

paper

on

balanced

covered

but

prevails,yet

cultivated

iV. Morrison

W.

for

be

evenly

more

Dr.

and

thoroughly

outstrippedpractice,while

has

opposite condition

studied

in

of this number.

337

page

Methods

Practical

on

paper

and

of

Fourth

the

meeting

next

of
with

to

covered
disupon
the

mechanical
very

little

346

The

Dr.

Archives

J. J. JR. Patrick.

is not

scientific.

For

though
however,
that

is well

if

a

distinction

founded.

he
unless

he

Dr.
and

do

of

nor

a

that

but

one;

demands
in

this is not

of

the

of

anatomy,

medicine

is not

only

be

filled

method
case,

and

the

called

rials
mateat

rials
mate-

ated
oper-

in structure

cessful
tolerablysuc-

a

to be

great variety of conditions

all

practical

alike

were

hence

not.

artizan.

an

be

might

are

are

dentist

a

be

may

is,

practice,none

knowledge of the
physiology of the parts

to

are

the

There

correct
or

condition, the routine

practical
its practicability

effects of

dentist

methods

anatomy

If all teeth

upon.

A

Routine

the

and

and

and

nature

extent; he is

necessarilyinclude

used,

the

the

that

"

theory

physiology

is scientific.

Patterson.

uot

and

with

is scientific to

J. D.

like

is

all admit

we

sciences,take that

others

he

employs,

between

Some

is familiar

man

whaterer

its theories.

comprehend

not

may

demonstrable, while
Yet

that

supposed

instance,in astronomy,

we

such

no

It is

"

Dentistry.

of

that

able

to

raeet

selves
present them-

dental

practice,an accurate
knowledge not only of all
materials
employed and their adaptabilityto the several uses to
which
intimate
but
also
an
they may be applied,is necessary,

knowledge

of

the

and

structure

functions

of

the

operated

organs

upon.
Dr.

W.

N.

Conrad.

Science

"

knowledge concerning

is the

ment
study of a subject;the moa scientific
developed it becomes

it is

fact.
Dr.

C. W.

between
In
few

the

Spalding

practicaland

this country,
who

said

or

combined

corresponding
however

of

the

scientific

in any

other

high

artistic

scientific

distinction

the

far

so

skill

attainments.

"

made

was

very

knew, there

he

as

by the essayist
clearly defined.
were

very

manipulative ability
"

There

brilliant

are

with

ples
exam-

this

complete culture, and such exceptions to the
It is well
prevailingrule are on the increase, I am happy to say.
known
that the practicalhas heretofore
tivated
been
more
thoroughly culin this country
former

occasion,is,in my

attainable.
to

learn

the

been

lies the

more

To

than

the

opinion,the surest road
scientific knowledge to

for what
is the

we

do

reverse.

difference

is but

This,

theoretical.

"

In

especiallycultivated

essential
Each

add

reason

accomplished
has

than

between

partial culture.

is easier

to

as

I

the

and

more

Yet

I

a

on

ture
highest cul-

mechanical

Europe the science
than manipulative
European

said

skill

"

frequently
of dentistry
skill.

and

American

think

it must

Here
istry.
dentbe

ad-

348

The

Archives

disease, to effect which
I also

stone.

in
the

strength,to

and

pencil

the

polish

aconite

use

silver-nitrate

I

surfaces

of

teeth

the

with

ground pumice
locally, and apply

acid

sulphuric
margins,

the

to

Dentistry.

of

and

tinct.

Believe

gums.

iodine, full

heroic

treatment

necessary.
J. P.

Dr.

brought

I

Ch-ay.
"

to

a

for local treatment

me

of this and
the

recently had

other

of

case

by

of

physician,and

a

I favor

cases

catarrh

the

the

from

gums

servation
ob-

my

contained

theory

in

essay.

Dr.
that

Geo.
Dr.

P.

Holmde

Patterson

obscure

is

in

Spalding

probable suggested the true
shred
a
applying drugs, uses

In

passed

Dr.

has

disease.

which

with

agrees

around

the

tooth

and

carried

opinion
of

nature

of

this
wool

cotton

bottom

the

to

the

of

the

pocket.
Dr.
to

as

Geo.
the

Bowman

A.

He

disease

of the

nature

offered.

also thinks

does

except

not

that

as

the

the
most

the

remove

may

be

not

claim

suggestion of

the

that

has

probable
margins of

the

yet been

alveolar

action

the

accomplished by

essayist
cesses,
pro-

of

phuric
sul-

acid.
Dr.

Patterson

catarrhal
teeth

affections

^and

finds
Dr.
Had

case

a

A

a

Morrison.
also

"

in

a

if

diet

had

spent

day

a

His

complete

with

motion,
removal
loose
their

increased

of all debris

particlesof
way

has

been

seems

to

through

removal

that

lived

Dr.
was

care

from

the

the

the

had

substance
as

an

the

ly
General-

a

cause.

entirely on salted
rapid cure, and this

a

a

of

set

ments
Riggs' instru-

familiar
Riggs and became
sisted
conwholly surgical, and
I don't

of the

gum.

application in

seen

Dr.

quite

am

I like the

insure

to

Have

left which

think

I

unequaled.

are

pockets.

recommendation

on

failed.

necessary

been

depend

years.

of the processes.
R.

all

constitute

almost

by

arise around

attacked.

not

of all calculi.

is then

calculus

recommended
me

diet may

treatment

be

by

at

eleven

ago, I obtained

years

not

first to

completely

few

does

caused

always

It may

to

followed

was

designedly amputates the edges
the instruments
designed by Dr.
but

ten

as

subject who

A

and

age,

young

asks

in

his methods.

any

is

pyorrhea

bicuspids the

young

change

and
with

and

local treatment

Dr.

as

Williams

Mc
in

at

case

one

that

neighboring parts.
on

molars

J. F.

meats.

after

had

the

of

come

may

Has

age.

does

a

R.
sure

push

complete
where

cases

subsequently made
Flowers
of sulphur
it
the
pockets, and

deserves

a

trial.

I

have

Societies.

Dental

noticed

that

accumulation

match

claimed

kinds

Dr.

disease

G.

V.

it

have

of

free

are

sulphur,I

been

from

claims

the

that

presume

reported where
I

hereditary, but

was

Black

consider

not

Cases

sulphur.

this

point.

dentifrice

a

of

"

was

I do

sulphur as

use

salivarycalculus.
Tliompson. There are two

Dr.
used

who

persons

349

disease

it

doubtful

am

is of

was

this

on

septic origin, yet

solely septic.

Subject passed.
[to

DENTAL

SOUTHERN

SEVENTH

Reported

continued.]

bk

ANNUAL

Ej^resslyfor

C.

the

Archives

a

if he

measure

claimed

fill root

to

had

canals
has

been

McKellops.

Did

you

not

been

with

By

Mrs.

offer

to

propose

I do

LA.

M.

a

suppose

arguments
would

man

successful

with

it; no

gold only, and

have

the

in

made

TV. J.

312.]

PAGE

not

not

claim

such

no

from

"

OBLEANS,

Dentistry

of

Spalding. I do
practiceof others.

W.

against the

NEW

SESSION,

[continued
Dr.

ASSOCIATION.

the

read,

papers

vocate
adhas

one

work

fect;
per-

in

nor

the

discussions.
Dr.
Dr.

"

It does

Spalding.
provided you seal
with

"

gold
of

is

wire

off the

take

material, insert
said

Dr.

the

all the

H.
"

A.

to

make

animal

antisepticswe

make

by

having

but

any

in

it

the

filled the

of

seal the

progress

isolation.

What

the

canal

with

apex.

the nearest

I know

must

that

canal

Take

and

apex

and

the

cut

plastic

and

you

Much

has

will
been
to

a

what

agree

Dr.

lan
Har-

with

Dr.

tooth

in

every

time

we

must

maintain

a

putrefy;
is most

the

approximation

emphasize

towards

used,

of.

foreign elements,
matter

sure

plastic mass,

slowly.

is

fillingcanals
tion
plastics,as a solu-

make

to

Cincinnati, would
haste

material

use

depth

the

gold?"

advocates
"We

time

with

apex

what

nobody

gives

process

exclude

condition:

progress

then

interstices,and

Smith,

Parmly Brown;

of

measure

process,

must

same

gold wire

certaintyof

said

that

the

the

against the

absolute

but

apex,

the

matter

only,leaving interstices.

right length;

it into

much

not

gutta-percha,butat

closed, we

drive

the

say "close

not

cure,

needed

but
now

a

ical
patholog-

is the

apply
mean"

The

Archives

tooth

from

the

the

remarks

350

of

protrectinga

under

"

tooth

of

foreign elements

in young

Morgan

All

dentine.

while

also

soft; this depends

very

dense,

would

operations that
are

some

teeth

with

are

difficult to

save;

of

contents

The
modification.

In

others

We

must

study

light is

an

The

teeth.

do

can

in

is

more

there

dense

tooth

a

devitalized

teeth

If,

matter.

tubuli, it

than
If

causes.

fill

must

others, some
the

immediately;

tolerated

we

others

tubuli

take

between

must

which

the

note

as

be

anything

which

we

can

is

success

firm

perform

all in soft teeth.

at

do

tooth

are

There

we

like; others

is

impossible.

that
The

always undergo prompt
tion.
decomposifrom
the tissues
produces great
evaporation of water
constitutions
tants.
irriDifferent
act
differentlyunder
the

Some

age;

and

be

not

whether

treat

in

to

seem

Must

uniform.

organic

less

are

devitalize

can

we

to

more

various

on

discussion

to periliability
osteal
passing through this less dense
should
be recognized and considered.

conditions
teeth

adult

Some

is

where

emanations

these

dentine

decomposition

teeth

greater in young
irritation, from

much

is

there

says,

in the

devitalized;

contain

they

persons,

made

difficult

matured;

or

young

of

suppositionthat
is living or

the

on

whether

and

Most

Taft.

be based

Dr.

invasion

treatment.

Dr.

is

Dentistry.

of

up
the

not

poisons and

slightestirritant

discriminate

health

eliminate

and

them

without

ance.
disturb-

will

ance.
produce violent disturband
old
youth, middle
age
We
guided by conditions.

between

debility;be

The
histologicalcharacter of each tooth.
aid
in distinguishing conditions
invaluable

electric

the

condition

of

the

dentine

also

modifies

the

of

the
of

amount

solid walls.
In soft teeth remove
dense
teeth have
cutting away;
teeth there is a
little as possible. As Dr. Morgan said,in dead
as
retrograde metamorphosis.
I take exception to the positionof Dr. Harlan
Dr. Morgan.
garding
reIt
of
tubuli.
will
removal
of watery portions of contents
from
the periosteum. In proportion as you
be renewed
tiseptics
apply an"

and
So

much

root

and

prevent

for the
know

decomposition,

organic matters.

the

apex

is sealed.

you

prevent

I will tell you
If you

"how

drill all the

discoloration.
we

way

through
the

cone-shaped burr, you have a cone-shaped opening,
of gold, carry
for your
is the model
cone
a
filling;make
it sealed.
have
hard
and tight,and you
and drive home
the
with
You
can't plug a crooked
root
gold and know
with

a

fill a

can

bunit up

result.

Dental

With

the

first

prevent

can

periosteum, by watching closelyyou
counteras
a
by applying aqua ammonia

abscess

irritant,and

putting the system

Where

abscess

an

down

and

When

the

there

of irritation

absorbents

the

originaltissue;it

Dr.

become

J. J. R.

internal

wall

follows

half inch

a

seen

is

Roots

"

to

renovate;

formed, but it is

have

all

not

outline, but you
filled with

are

with

tooth

shapes; they

twisted, but

or

It is true

the foramen.

trouble.

strives

tissue.

tissue.

roots

I have

broken

are

connective

nature

tissue

external

When

apex.

beyond

without

the

this.

perforatethe

is eschar

tissues

bony

is removed

active; new

resist inflammation.

to

abnormal

curved, club-shaped

or

of

even

of

Patrick, of Illinois.

straight

are

the

fillingup

a

the

in condition

existed

has
is

cause

351

of the

soreness

an

Societies.

as

wire

gold

it had

be

cannot

wire

been

rule

a

the

tive
posi-

it is liable to

projectingonefor years

worn

With

the treatment
regard to fistulas,I have found
teeth; by the law of gravitationthey drain
easy in the lower
naturally through the fistulous opening, and you can fill at once,
and treat through the fistulous
opening. But it is different with
the upper
ing
teeth; they drain through the canal, and if you risk fillat

Dr.

once,

you

Win.

N.

have

what

to

doubt
If

Dr.
if he

the

Patrick
will

wire

plasterso
fer teeth
and

open,

it to this
Dr.

either

in

that

I cannot

in the

mouth.

Morrison's

dentine

Xew

a

teeth.

to

easy

pass.
Select

"

may

devitalized

I must
be

invest

I would

will

to

be

glad

diameter,
prefer to sacrifice

in

W.

them
to

put

point

all the

pulp

it would
little

more

tooth.

Artificial

Williatns,of Kentucky, read
Crown."

a

paper

-

little

but
a

lustrat
il-

pre

break

withdraw

in

them

I would
to

a

cult
diffi-

most

challenge one

able

inch

I

inch.

an

gladly

your

If dead

canals.

the

of 1-16

us.

been

substitute

I will

shape of the roots.
plasterI will ask you

Carolina.

of

not

very

half

the

He

has

closed.

Discussion
M.

in

few

does

dead

If in

aperture

it is

Friday.

on

or

know

system.

through an
possibleto but

Dr.

clinic

a

judge of the work in
test.
[Applause.]

tissues

of the

that

one

discussion

projecting

case

trial

on

live teeth

Moore, of South

in Dr.

be

find

method

cases,

far

too

goes

second

a

The

"

two
or
reply to one
points. First,
wire
passing through the apex; I

to

about

find

ever

absorption.
Louis.

St.

I wish
says

larger size until you
my

of

Morrison,

long already,but

too

rely upon

to

describing "A

The

352

apparatias for

The
described
hollow
and

truncated

of

to

toward

the

of the

into

crown

OF

Alveolaris

then
brief

a

theories

be

may

of the

the

the

tooth

the

the

to

joint

tween
be-

President

the

paper.

deposition of

the

fungous growths, with

sanguinary

Witzel,
a

the

into

THERAPEUTICS.

causation

Riggs,

from

the

enter

for discussion.

Dr.

disease

pivot

home.

AND

synopsis of

and

to

base

is driven

ink)

is driven

the

steel

as

incorporatedby

up

or

The

placed

PATHOLOGY

as

with

crown

tooth.
so

downwards

base

root

introduced

tooth

came

held

Black

fluids,of Drs.

the

systemic; the

or

salivary,as held by
by Dr. Ingersoll,or

different

this

disease,

calculus,whether

(serumal) as

taught
ive
digest-

without

or

first

were

of

discussed; followed

standpoint,viz.,

that

of

follows:

as

characteristic

The

before

Address

it is local

Rawls.

be

may

Pyorrhea

various

Dr.

of the

wedges
pivot as

ON

The

study

the

COMMITTEE

following is

a

with

THE

The

by

of the

root

in his Annual

whether

end

and

on

paper

in the
into

cement

or

of

is cemented

ends

the

spread
place. Amalgam

The

root

Two
being used.
steel pin, slit at each end,
the pin comprises the apparatus.

a

is inserted

cones

place

slits and

REPORT

slit ends

cutting or grinding

put

now

the

to

crown

platinum,

the

open

cemented, the other

and

the

attaching

cones

wedges

two

Dentistry.

of

follows, the old style of pivot teeth

as

One

is

Archives

symptoms

and

signs of

the

disease

differ with

The
of cause,
etc.
patient,environment, nature
mucous
incipientsigns are seldom noticed, being analogous to those of subing
beirritation from
ordinary causes, the real first symptoms
subjectiverather than objective,felt by the patientrather than
with the
varying however
seen
by the dentist; incipientsymptoms
itial
shape of the teeth,the direction of contact, and the point of the inof the
lesion.
gum"
Preceding the "red line at the border
the

habits

claimed

by

of the

Dr.

Black

and

others

the

as

of

impactedness
This
is followed
involved.
or
by more
feelingunder delicate percussion. As
the soreness
of deposited irritants,

a

is

sense

a

from

of fullness

or

by accumulations, it returns.
slightprominence or thickening
normal

color.

The

perceptibledeposits of

disease
calcareous

may

first symptom,

in

the

less
the

The
of the
reach

is

vicinityof
and

soreness

usually

the
a

teeth

springy

relieved

moval
by regested
abates, or if again confirst objective symptom

parts

are

tissues

without

this stage

character, or any

change

without

any

disruption of

Societies.

Dental

tissues.

by

The

line"

"red

though usually preceded

next,

occur

may

353

slightlybluish or purplish tint, indicating
and carbonization
of the blood.
With
capillaries
a

tissues

involved, this tint passes
looking red line,unless the

Dissolution
the

continued
advances

bare

and

toward

melts
and

the
or

If but

be

tissue,and

contact,

peculiarlyshaped
arch

in the

of
to

points

of the

peridenperiosteum is laid

the

round

of nutrient
The

on.

softeningof

turgidity of
direction

culation
cir-

the

gum,

of dissolution.

tegrity
usually indicates greater inhereditary,predisposition is of
it

liable

most

attack

to

where

are

of

unexercised

comparatively
initial

parts, habits

of

inherited

posteriorto

from

with

nal
gum-tissue, with the least of exterthe ojieningsof the salivaryglands or around
irregularly placed teeth; teeth with
large

or

soft

lesion,the progress

rapidityof

and

whether

or

is

case

gry
an-

necks; teeth out of line
cutting edges and narrow
twisted
of position; anything in fact
out
favoring

or

large area

of

if the

the

teeth.

continues

destruction

in the

the

of

broad

or

crowns,

break

pressed out,

The

about

or

a

the

perhaps by

teeth

root;

size

disruptionof

between

and

disintegrationgoes

is the greatest amount

there

a

of

be

can

indicated.

course

exists

accompanied by a dark
showing the depth and

line

little i^us
of

lesion

of the

is

there

work

may

bluish-red

a

the apex

away;

the

process

followed

continuitybetween
gums
depositionof irritants;the

of

tium

away,

increased

destruction

of

tissues.
disease

the

influenced

are

disease

surface, the

both

the

by

in direction

cause,

ridge

will

ceptibility
sus-

formation

of

patients,environment, nature
the alveolar
acquired. When

anterior

The

is

continue

and
thin
rectly
di-

and
usually attacking the septum
destroying the pericementum, though if the septum is thin between
of life because
of its
the teeth, it will be comparatively tenacious
with
thicker
the
compared
septi. If, on
greater density as
the

to

other

the

The

depth,

If, on

In

of

the

gums
the

disease

the

plates with
contrary, the ridge

anterior

apt

underlying

all the above

to

fill up

bone, but

cases

the

the

slower

towards

superficialarea, the
standing much
longer.
cleanly will drop in over
depressionsbetween

open
is

be

able
consider-

the

process

patient is

thick, with

will

rapid upon

if the

will be

and

square

the

more

in this case,

gums

of

heavy,

posteriorplates of

and

the

is

root, but

posteriorand

teeth.

root,

the progress

of the

apex

anterior

the

of

hand, the process

depth,
the

apex

wide

very
space

]3resent
actioai of

a

more

the

with

caused

little

by disintegration

inflamed
disease

but

the

ance.
appear-

is upon

the

The

354

more

plates of

the

the

process;

dentist

part of the

their

tissues.

freeing,and

in

parts free

the

keeping

hold

plates

external

suppliesfrom

nutrient

Dentistry.

of

between

consequently less resistingstructure

and

spongy,

ArchR'ES

irritant

from

longer, receiving

own

Scrupulous

care

the

on

part of the patient in

the

on

the

retard

will

substances

the

outdoor
exercise,
by wholesome
such as will create
an
appetite for good, substantial food requiring
to
and
teeth; patients accustomed
vigorous exercise of the gums
and soft pultaceous diet will suffer more
close confinement
rapid
When
of the disease.
chewing tobacco is constantly used
ravages
the therapeutic
to the
there is less liability
disease, possibly from
of the jaws.
the exercise
action of the nicotine, but probably from
Teeth

used

less

has, in

which

The

agents in
victims

and

mercury

common

of

identical

districts

conditions

malarial

of

of

those

an

abnormal

Irish

or

in

of

laws

settlements,

The

mercury.

The

the

are

seen

almost

whose

effects of

the

tissues

effects

same

laborers

oral

not

in malarious

dwellers

craving for salt,and
on

also,

will

similar, if

produce

system,

to

mercury

sodium

of

ing
caus-

only medicinal
of heredity,the

the

the

in

disease

use

than

ment
environ-

go,

Western

Chloride

the

to

poisoning.

sailors

common

of

the

almost

were

inevitablyfound

almost

are

use

have

pioneers

environment.

parental

symptoms

the

to-day,under

are

use,

certain

under

of

of

antimony

where

its

children

the

for

about

brought

attack

to

observations

my

foundation

the

have

as

liable

more

are

far

As

use.

degree, laid

a

conditions

ptyalism.

mastication

in

constantly in

teeth

retarded

It is also

destruction.

of

the

in

the

constant

tims
viccase

diet is

cury
resultingfrom this use of meracquired conditions
themselves.
of salt are, generally speaking, slow to manifest
or
the
be quickly produced, but
objective
Ptyalism, indeed, may
ease
and
no
soon
signs characteristic of the dissymptoms
pass away,

The

salt meat.

consideration

under

period

of

appear

for

time, varying according

several
to

but

years;

within

a

influences, the

unknown

until the teeth
begin, and will continue
and are
loosen
beyond redemption. The disease thus acquired will
of life;seldom
in persons
who
have
be found
passed the meridian
in persons
who
have
in early manhood.
Decay will seldom occur
of the tissues,or if it existed previous to
acquired this condition
of

work

this

use

destruction

of

remaining
to

the

mercury
in statu

will

or

quo.

offspring,the

salt, it will be found
But

when

symptoms

these
become

to

have

conditions

apparent

been
are

in

arrested,
ted
transmitchildhood

The

56

blood
the

all has

"

Archives

done

been

patient. Instruct
the

press

towards

when

chewing-gum

devolves

rest

the parts free

keep

to

do; the

can

you

from

upon

food, and

to

been
M'hich
bone
has
moved,
repoints from
the soreness
kind of
has passed away
to use
some
give gentle exercise to the teeth and contiguous

gum

and

that

him

Dentistry.

of

to

the

parts.
And

now

few

a

all persons

If

why?

not,

Is it infectious?
Is the

If so,

character
Is there

a

or

peculiardestructive

which

affected?

why are not dentists
running in families, an
of heredity?

disease, when

malady,

derstanding
un-

etiology of the disease under consideration.
who
have
deposits of salivary calculus present
signs of this disease?

characteristic

true

abetter

the

of
Do

questions requiringinvestigationfor

is not

found

fungus

in mouths

evidence

found

in the

affected

not

of

its infectious

lesions
with

of this

this disease

?

DISCUSSION.

Dr.

J. S.
of

bete noir
of

Dr.

name,

who

at

of

treatment

Fails

the

least

disease

given

what

the

Regretted

years.

have

to

have

of

disease.

us

was

long

so

condition

the

granulations,and
Carbolic
Tincture

well

the

beneficial

very
of

filling
up

in

inducing healthy

pockets:

acid,

parts

iodine,

mixed

disease

Meese, North
cause.

sui
The

"10

add

6

parts Labaraque's solution
volatile

more

Carolina.

Pyorrhea

"

increases

and

the

than
is very

The

is rather

generis. It is caused
alcohol

1

"1

crystalschlo. zinc; it coagulates
the

an

in

following

perfectlycolorless,and

study

only

considered

Glycerine,

Dr.

the

to

his

by

local irritants.

found

When

absence

called

clew

a

the

obtaining best results
by surgical
Uses
local applications
as
adjuncts in restoring
of soft tissues
after
moved
surgicaloperation has re-

alone.

the

R

is entitled

method

treatment

Orleans, said that pyorrhea had been

professionfor long

his researches

as

incurable

Have

the

Riggs,

successful

normal

Walker, New

by

most
a

uric acid;

Then

water.

It becomes
add

a

astringent.
important point

symptom
the

"

use
urea

disease

of
of

alcoholic

has

a

strong

few

is to

than

a

lants.
stimuaflin-

Societies.

Dental

ity for

sodium.

of

deposits never
peridentalmembrane.

the

they
from

The

consist

the heart's
to

largely of

action, and

men;

women

Remedies
of

which

potash, etc.,
Dr.

of

W.

H.

decrease

are

Morgan.

there

of all ages

women

the

time

same

uric

of

used

this

in that

I

never

before

"

had

Have

disease, as

with

of

of

had

that

the

commendable

calculi
tigate
inves-

to

When

it

it in

three

and

the

know

health

generations of
that

stimulants

no

is broken

one

down

from

is
happens, general as well as local treatment
constitutional
al
origin, it requires constitution-

It is often

treatment.

cessation

analyzed myself. In my
witli genuine pyorrhea, and
negroes
Have
treated
at
commonly as men.
a
suckling child and her daughter, a

as

family.

If it is of

required.

the

heard

It is most

not

of

it

have

often

low

acetate
acid, as atropine,digitalis,

Have
treated
girlof fifteen years.
family, from the grandfather down,
were

The

tion
destruc-

the

yzed;
deposits analfarthest
deposits occur
vitality. It is confined

pyorrhea.

mother

a

the

for

regiments

are

had

remedies

in this direction.
town

Have

it until after

uric acid.

pyorrhea contained

after

exempt.

are

the

until

parts
have

never

menstruation; negroes

occur

uric acid.
in

357

miscalled

because

scurvy

of

points

some

resemblance.
Dr.

Taft.

or

told

-There

"

We

causes.

what

which

they

all the
This

teeth
are

Systemic
whence

its

gin
ori-

of

we

are

not

is

the

doubt

no

it cannot
are

better

be

of

elimination.

is lack

nourished,
will

of

in

When

the

nutrition,and the gums

imbibition

than

or

result.

avail; the

no

nutrition

principlesrather

condition

of pus, from

ets
pock-

escape.
not

conditions

will

treatment

enfeebled

in resistingirritants.
difficulty

defective

arise from

may

an

have

body

from

conditions

tissues

the

and

if there
Until

system

better

this
must

elimination.
It is

remedies.

is lack

a

great

of

tion,
elimina-

is rectified
be

toned

We

must

fallacy

to

local
up

to

study
rely

on

agent.

one

Dr.

of

occur

may

to

There

are.

tissues

systemic

any

told

are

variety of opinion as
systemic conditions, but

greai^

properly used, there
susceptibleto irritants.

very

secm-e

a

not

are

If

exists

J. A.

remedy

Mohinson,

which

I have

carbolized

potash.

toward

necks.

the

Michigan.

called
I

remove

Equal

"

I have

Robinson's
all

given

Remedy.

the

professiona

It may

be

called

deposits,using chisels, cutting
quantities of crystalsof carbolic
acid,

358

The

Archives

Dentistry.

of

and

crystalsof caustic potash, (with a very little water, unless the
will
crystals have
deliquessed) will form a creamy
paste, which
small ropes of cotton
the
size of floss silk,cut off
liquefy. Make
in lengths sufficient to reach around
tooth
at
one
a
time, dip the
in
bottle
and lay on
absorb
the surplus; the
a napkin to
pieces the
will slough if to(" much
is used; place in the pocket or under
gums
free margin around
the tooth, and
leave
on
quired
only so long as is reto apply to the next;
second
is seldom
treatment
a
ry;
necessahave
the rope

made

never
comes

Walker.

I

application.

brown

away

remedy, producing
seems
possible.
Dr.

third

a

or

black.

even

in

change

a

When

there

It

twenty-four

is much
be

to

seems

hours

a

that

pus,

specific
scarcely

Robinson's

Dr.

remedy will do all that he
claims
for it. As different
cases
require different remedies, one
another
ficaciou
fails,I have found my remedy very efsucceeding where
Dark
blood changes from
blue to red and looks livelyand
healthy under its influence and pockets fill up rapidly.
Dr. Harlan
did not
think
the deprivation of vegetable food or
the use
of salt meat
had any
in connection
with Pyorsignificance
rhea
"

hope

alveolaris\but that diseases
and

laborers

due

their

were

probably

have

salivary calculus,but

They might
The

of the teeth

descendants

of

the

to

of

consumers

and

utter
not

salt

gums
lack

sailors

among

cleanliness.

of

necessarilyPyorrhea.
do

meats

inherit

not

after ptyalism does not
of the gums
semble
rePyorrhea. The disease
diathesis
be transmitted,
mercurial
Pyorrhea. The
may
theories
for Dr. Rawls'
of
but not as
acute
ptyalism. So much
He

causes.

not

when

me

melt

that
In

well, that

escharotics

should

be

not

used,

but

beneficial
ence
influno
germicides or antisepticsexert
stated
that
the
septum
properly applied. Dr. Rawls
be left on the originalline. It strikes
but the gum
away

that

does

obtain.

not

mouth-breathers,

the

of incisors
is
palatal aspect of roots
has nothing to do^^ers"]with the inception

Salivary calculus
of Pyorrhea.
of salivarydeposits,the peridentalmembrane
the removal
After
well attached, so
that the probe will not pass.
often remains
Pyorrhea deposits go to the apex, but not continuously; there
affected.

no

it
in

large aggregation of serumal
The
little islands.
pockets are

particular point
occurs

labial

do

that

agree

might

said

rather

in

and

buccal

calculus,but

of

aspects

than

between

the

is

more

teeth.

frequent
When

on

Societies.

Dental

mesial

The

missing.

thorough removal
the edges of bone

all

of

be

must

This

will

often
make

to

gum

be

must

found

be

extensive,

thorough

work

transverse

to

mesial

on

the

through

cut

distal

and

On

gum.

the

into

fistoons;

only possibleby

labial

the

perpendicular it
gum

is

water.

slit in the

transverse

surfaces

debris.

sj'ringeand

made

of

the

remove
a

If

pucker

prevent

to

a

work.

certain, thorough

is

down.

broken

make

to

necessary

adjoining tooth

dispensa
deposits is absolutely in-

of failure is the failure
frequent cause
be thoroughly done
cannot
merely with

A

It

the

surfaces, it is usually where

distal

or

359

a

it is easy

surfaces

Exclude
the saliva and injectperoxide of
push away the gum.
blood-clot
which
The
in
to us.
hydrogen, full strength as it comes
into
nature's protectionis not transformed
other positionsfurnishes
tissue. What
need
is something that will destroy bacteria.
most
we
That
The
fungus of Pyorrhea is not yet satisfactorilyclassified.
to

where

You

gum.
tooth

moral

is

will

There

J.

S.

chloride

instrument

the
of

This

"

It may

would

we

in

cleansed

be

must

be

there

in

tions
preparathe

propagate

not

treatment;

over

the

remove

intervals

ease.
dis-

three

every
of rest

be

boldness

of

in the

the

of

will

be

If

new.

or

in which

it

the

in

usual

water

to

three

iodine.

of
few

impossible,but

dissolve
four

Cannot

reproduced

after
be

it must

operator,

cause

or

caused

was

accompanied by Pyorrhea

be

pockets,place a

After

tincture

not

tartar, neither
Pyorrhea without
dead
all deposits,debris, and

patient,is

wood.

would

tartar

lack

zinc

alveoli

not

no

is

disease

just enough

of

with

to

from

glass with

that

be

Failure

flinching of

follow

if

Let

enough.

Knapp.

either

of

a healthy
Pyorrhea beneath
the
satisfactoryor unsatisfactory,

instruments

our

destroy spores,
is no
advantage

would

there

use

mouth

one

pus from

result

by tartar, all deposits of
is true.

in

work.

can

Dr.

that

is often

days

nature

demonstrated

have

lost.

that

four

call the

may

was

The

and

I

Pyorrhea is infectious
I purposely introduced

true

from

to

and

them

wash

agree

with

the

disease

work

of

Dr.

sulting
re-

the
I

cure.

granules on

minutes

the

bone,

or

failure

which

of

piece

a

apply

with

out,

and

Atkinson

is arrested.
years.

desenes
to
jjrofession
have
his name
surgical
perpetuated, it is Dr. Riggs.
Thorough
operations; the adoption of the surgeon's axiom, "cut beyond the
Dr.

dead

J. R.

Walker.

"

If any

line;" the thorough

one

removal

in

man

of

our

everything

down

to

sound

360

The

bone

Dr.

"

Riggs

Archives

first to go

the

wa?

Dentistry.

of

teach

far; to

that

make

and

us,

appreciatethe necessityof daring to do this.
Dr. A.
0. Rawls
(callingDr. Wright to the chair). I find that
I am
still severelymisconstrued.
My object in reading the paper
the Association.
to put myself right before
was

us

"

Dr.

and

Knapp

to

contrary
is broken
the

that

for
found

salt.

The

been

with

salted

and

grow

of

membrane?

the

that

mercury

nearly every
possiblethis
to

that

and

and

is

There

function

the

the

districts.
almost

business

clusively
ex-

seek

to

out

conditions

these

It

exists.

coincidence

to

build

Will

up.

live

denuded

been

has

process

of reproduction when
possibility
and

the

In

is broken.

bone

I

is resumed.

nutrition

of

craving.

place; syringe the pockets

take

tissues

the

this

live

who

of

or

craving

malarial

in

rested
ar-

I have

mercury

creates

it my

tissues

the

no

that

the

fore
Be-

disease

abnormal

an

laborers

but

cess
pro-

cure.

the

of

invariablyfind

when

bone

of

use

have

made

the

still present.

pyorrhea

and

allow

between

do

not

say

always produce this disease, but I do say that in
that will render
will produce conditions
case
mercury
It is touching on
dangerous ground
peculiardisease.
will

it may

that

deny

of

tirely
en-

simple inflammatory

a

the

to

when

absolute

progress

condition

I have

people

dead

over

connection

soft tissues

of

is

are

poison

sailors

meats.

that

tissues
the

due

not

theory may be wrong,
that reproduction can

said

this

of

condition

My

present.

conditions

only diseased
prevalence

the

the

the

malarial

of

there

statements

me

that

possibilityof

no

and

was

to

contended

checked

that

case

attribute

reached

been
be

classes

two

is

there

It is the

on

has

I have

time, but
a

also the

these

views.

has

also know

See

my

victims

for salt.
You

both

may

a

never

Harlan

down

process

condition

Dr.

the

follow

they

produced by fungi or bacteria,but

be

tissue

of

destruction

"

the

it is

resultants,

tain
cer-

not

startingpoints. Antiseptics or escharotics to destroy these
organisms are outside of the question; our object is the restoration
We
disease.
does
that
not
cure
of tissues, not killinggerms;

the

must

the

remove

It is

a

of
Dt.

simple
the

irritation,the

it is all

we

can

dead
do

bone

with

the

and

debris.

tion
after-protec-

parts.
If

transmission
Dr.

but

process,

Taft."^\\2X

alization?

of

sources

Raxols.

a

does

Dr.
has

person

consider

Rawls
had

its

special

hereditary

mercuri-

manifestations

is its

possible?
"

It

is

as

transmittible

as

any

other

condition

of

tissue.
the

curl of

It

is the

child.

hair

the

of

the

upon
Dr.

the

of
peculiarities

the

in

How

Taft.
"

Dr.

their

do

in man,

Taft.

of

tissues
after

The

"

has

that.

say

laws

the

on

effect continue
Bends.

not

parents

where.
else-

as

same

visited

are

Is it

mercury?

never

been

made

All

environment.

have

these

heredity.
affected,by

been

have

agent does

an

agent is expelled?

the

tissues

all

taking place

are

and

change,

can

renders

which

change; but

do

tissues

the

pression
im-

an

susceptible

more

irritants.

to

Dr.

Taft.
of

transmission

The

"

impress

an

accidents

effects

evanescent

that

of

the

vai'yingwith

the

temporary

so

to

api^ears

as

doubtful,

me

to

hair

effect of
say

the

The

system

be

may

doubtful

Dr.

to

Mor(jan.
originalform.
"

Dr.

Robinson.

which

caused

he will
Dr.
these

not

It is

me.

"

Dr.

transmit

transmitted

"

or

told

in bulk

me

we

and

to

be

taint.
sequently
con-

accidents
theories.
in its

strength.
rheumatism

tne

do

some

doubtless

reproduced

never

that

as

children

and

accept such

inherited, and

was

not

know

that

it.

dishing (to Dr. Rawls).

Haiols.

has

Morgan

his lameness

transmitted

to

and

short-lived

of

Reproduced alveolaris is
It will be largely increased

"

What

are

the

physical signs

or

conditions.

PYORRHEA

Dr.

dangerous

are

mercurial

the

down,

broken

and

be

may
of

robust, but the transmission

not

appears

weakened

which

transmission

the

There

permanent

so

are

"

"

ible,
is transmitt-

mercury

least.

rally

to

system

by
with

medicines

of
the

tion,
constitu-

is admitted

eyes,

of

power

eradicated
that
things that are never
ineradicable,as syphilis for instance,

transmitted; but I doubt

or

exhibition

the

as

in the

inherent

types
in

as
physical peculiarities,

all;but that such

is

the

Changes

and

in his relations

When

"

Dr.

the

is this effect of

permanent

I

"

bearings

Dr.

germs

of

sins

the

that

way

which
peculiarities

cause

the

the

to

parent

?

Mawls.

time

of

tissues

the

the

children.

eradicated

the

of

Diet, surroundings, environment,
It is in this

the

in
surroundings, as seen
What
is heredity?
eyes.

its

by

color

the

or

transmission

transmittible

are

is marked

molecule

Every

361

Societies.

Dental

ALVEOLARIS,

Pyorrhea Alveolaris presents different aspects when
tissues
the
when
are
acquired, Jn transmission

The

362

softer

and

down

more

Dentistry

of

less

healthy; there is not the
readily. The transmission

in local forms;

not

Archives

in types, not

general conditions,

is in

accidental

the

break

integrity;they

same

impress from

normal
ab-

an

element.
Dr.

Fountain^

Texas.

of

prevalent; perhaps from
of my
patients say they

very
Most

Patrick.

Dr.

There

"

transmitted.

is

Proofs

To

illustrate: In

the

railroad

are

got under

the

six miles

gander

winged

We

have

don't

first

We

know.

next

Darwin.

and

were

along
The

broken

with

wings.

At

his

broken

more

no

quest,
re-

flock

another

spring with

There

Circumstances

surroundings

all

were

know

v^hy one family for several generations
cousins
first
fingersmissing, even
sharing the

never

peculiarity.

same

the

results.

the

foraging for food
his wings broken.

Chas.

is

stances
of circum-

for

hatched
to

mercury.

physical impress

accounts

had

sent

railroad.

the

may
the

placed

was

goslings.

changed.

was

group

from

concatenation

in

gander
and

the

A

results,

wheels

is

Pyorrhea

perhaps

that

strong.

a

bottoms

salivated.

been

goslings were

of

from

away

Brazos

doubt

no

certain

next

the

have

Sedalia, Mo.,

spring a number
photograph of the

the

malaria,

very

about

bringing

A

In

"

fact is

The

established, but

find this illustrated

why

teeth

in the

how

or

in

as

we

other

the

organs.
Dr.

J. A.
to

her

Robinson.

Teague,

South

no

the

been

for three
family known
deformity of double hare-lip.
discussion
J. A.

Dr.

"How
sound

with

of

the
of

a

this
read

Your

Michigan,

Business."

read

then

This

paper

addressed

in the

veteran

must

in

Also

generations.

for

hideous

replete

Avas

the

He

Jerry,"

began by quoting the

"There
do

service, "Uncle

the

top."

is

effort.
you

may

The
know

first

he

well-known

the
at
always room
things that other men

requires study and
all the journals,that

as

do

means

what

not
to

others

titled,
en-

paper

a

especially to
younger
profession,embodying the wisdom
gained by the

Webster,
you

families

two

generations as inheritinga

of Jackson,

Increase

advice

called.
Daniel

of

cases

closed.

Bohinson,
to

incisors.

edentulous

another

The

one

Carolina, cited the

had

who

family in which for four generations,
grandfather, father, daughter, and

lateral

upper

of South

Carolina

cite

can

knowledge,

my

child, have

Dr.

I

"

bers
mem-

rience
expe-

tionately
is affec-

saying
be

To

do,

and

this end
have

of

cessful
suc-

to

do

is to
done

364

The

with

their

the

foot
the

up

of Canal

Street, where

Mississisippiriver

of

with

draped
diameter

waving

steamboat

a

250

some

waited

to

feet and

repaired

the

to

front

them

convey

eloquent address

90

Building,

their

An

use.

of New
part of the Dentists
and
G.
Friedrichs,
responded

the

on

Dr.

by

for

a

they

Thence

Main

the

reserved

been

welcome

delivered

was

Hall,

had

of

in

tree,

about

was

photographed.

gin
mar-

had

trunk

branches

whose

was

group

whose

moss,

gray

spread of

Music

seats

"

of

the

the

to

strong,

the

to

streamers

where

across,

Orleans

body,

a

Exposition grounds.
called on
the
Exposition landing, a halt was
of a
lake, under the shade
gigantic live-oak

of ten

where

in

the

little

a

Dentistry.

or

lady friends,proceeded

Reaching

feet

Akchines

A.

An

appropriate
Address
of Welcome
and
Captain S. H.
congratulation, from
echoed
of
the Exposition, was
Buck, Acting Director-General

to

by

Dr.

O.

by

Col.

F. C. Morehead,

A.

from
to

witness

thence

to

one

of the

friedrichs'

DR.

Friedrichs

duty
of

name

and

I

as

of

extending

to

you

the

dentists

of

Xew

and

be

ever

I desire

exhorted

as

in

peace

by

in

the

evidences

our

the

in

after

you

our

brance
remem-

own

years,
beloved

well

the North, whose
gentlemen
and dignity to this assembly,
honor

you,

that, although you
that

there

are

is peace

in

a

new

in all

our

hearts.
hall is

wonders

particularlyhappy; here,

of nature's

handiwork,

and

merable
ingenuity displayed in innueloquent than \yords the
language more

skill and

teaching in

draw

with

that

from

this great

of men's

members

whole,

a

ant
pleasin the

hearty welcome,
find
our
hospitality

will

tlovvers of

the

as

the

most

a

linger

may

aggregated

of civilization.

progress

to

all

devolves

me

shores, and

sunny

friends, and

old

convocation

resistless

our

will realize

you

among

ways,

The

lation
col-

elegant cold

an

individually,and
Orleans,

additional

lends

are

surrounded
the

fragrant

that

house, you
homes, and
Your

as

Particularlyto
here

presence

"Upon

hope that you

sojourn here

as

Southland.

by

sincere

bright

as

of your

do

Saving-Service;

ADDRESS.

began by saying:

indulge the

warm

and

Life

marks
re-

of Lake

music, they repaired to the banks

S.
specialdrill of the U.
where
large dining-halls,

a

brief

After

served.

was

Dr.

Kentucky.

Commissioner-General.

others, and

Rubio

of

Kawls,

of
a

the

Southern

lesson

from

Dental
what

Association

is here

seen,

were

and

to

then
cherish

Societies.

Dental

and

foster

the

which

to

which

the

of

truth

The
the

than

historical

fact

dissemination

the

welfare

the

of

body

of

the

ciety
so-

sentiment

prevalent
passing away in

is

day

rewards

of

the
be

must

None

nature.

are

learned.

mission
Ad-

predicated upon
keenly alive to

more

South.

of the

we

future

"The

scientific

a

scientific

a

said:

reap

in

the

Speaking

he

can

association

attainments
this

dentists

ignorant

to

and

they belong.

Southern

among

interests

best

365

cited

then

was

of dental

that

first institution

the

learning established

in the

for

world

had

its

in the South; and the first law promulgated to regulate
birth-place
and protect the practiceof dentistry in the United
States of America,
and the first act incorporating a dental
try,
society in the counSouthern
were
passed by
legislatures.
the
benefits
derived
from
associated
Alluding to
efforts,he
of the results of the friction of mind
pointed out, as some
against

mind,

the

of

smoothing

inquiryand emulation,
colleges,the
in placing our

the

of

profession
with

the

of

awakening

enriching of literature,the

establishemnt

concluded

and

the
asperities,

infirmaries,all
the

upon

it

following apostrophe

erection

of which

eminence
to

spiritof

a

have

of

aided

occupies to-day,
the Southern

tal
Den-

Association.
Let

the

not

Southern

expectation reposed
the great objects of
will

of

to

us

and

in

contribute

her.

on

beat

of darkness

may

benevolence
science

and

have

storms

in vain.

her

upon
and

all her

energies

she

ever

of her
the
"As
Swells

will
which

devoted

to

all times

of

thy
wor-

enjoying the
duty of each
its usefulness

not

were

born

to

be,
the

die.

encompassed her, trials have beset
of adversity and misrepresentation
has

stand

an

founders,

some

be

unassuming our efforts may
swell its history,and augment

She

welfare

advancement

the

the

how

matter

no

adding his mite
catalogue of those names
sides; the

to

quota

still each

all

Let

to

recreant

prove

her

our

dignity, and,

Hours

Association

being, showing herself at
noble
birthright, ever
commanding and
and approval of all men.
It is the solemn

of her

good

Dental

of

stood

through all,sure
imperishable monument

of their

Though

round

Eternal

sunshine

for the

have

fast,
steadto

the

promotion

of

men,

tall cliff"that

through

concei'n

and

her

the

lifts its awful

veil and

its breast
rests

the
upon

midway

form
cleaves

rollingclouds
its head."

he
are

storm,

spread,

366

The

Auchives

Fourth

Friday, April
and

W.

him

by

a

his method

in diameter,

to

and
of

double

angle

The

teeth

give

work

than

those
could

be

embedded
the

to

in blocks

length,shape

of

the

reach

to

ed
appointcrooked,

a

lol

the

case

gold
and

canal

Many

broken

was

with

remarkable

The

found
the

to

the

was

to

reach

the

abilityto do
gathered around

All

all that
the

doubts

such-wise

canals

first

of the

centre

the

work

to

ished,
fin-

was

eagerly

exactly,

broken

In

every
it

seal

curely,
se-

interstices;the

dispelled

were

of

manipulated

was

the

all

the

or

being

recorded.

into

as

This

hand,

one

teeth
be

apex

gutta-percha forced
filled.

in

predictions of

the

on

and

away,

single failure

a

perfectly

was

Morrison's

not

tion
collec-

of the roots.

the

other.

the

on

apex,

plasterwas

when

their

very

direction

or

chloro-percha, the slender gold wire
dexterously and rapidly,through an opening in
crown
scarcelylarger than a pin-hole. When
open,

most

in

filled with

the

an

the

plaster

were
closely watched, and many
passing through the apical foramen,

failure

of

committee

found

particular having

gold wire,

sixteenth

one

with

read

paper

with

The

crown.

was

wire

the

letter Z,

a

were

clue

no

one

of

that

in

portion of

more

selected

roots

like

exhibition

the

tillingroot-canals

centre

teeth

twisted

curios,

of

the

opening, not

in the

the

prepare

curled

illustrated

small

very

and

appliances.

Morrison

giving

through
inch

N.

Day.

apart for Clinics

set

was

of

explanation

Dr.

to

3.

Dentistry.

of

as

to

Dr.

he claimed.
chair

Dr.

of
Parmly Brown
New
York, who with the electric mallet and spring pluggers of his
of a left superior molar
which
had
own
design, built up the crown
been
nearly destroyed by mal-practicewith the file. The
pluggers
of a new
made
the point
were
design, the portion above
that obviates
all risk of
being tempered to a degree of elasticity
the margin of enamel.
The
Grumbling down
separationbetween
the

teeth

for

gold driving
of the

Dr.

engine
and

mallet

the

inventor

the

teeth

crown-cusps

JSonvull
and

knuckling

entirelyby the force of the
The
tour
conapart at the point of contact.
and
stored.
masticating surfaces was
perfectlyrewas

obtained

of

Philadelphia gave a
mallet, by which the great
was
fully demonstrated, as
in his

when

dexterous

use

clinic

with

his

mechanical

excellence

of

well

superior skill

of both

as

the

instruments.

both

engine
of

Societies.

Dental

Order

called

was

3,30

at

p.

that

m.,

367

those

having appliances on

hand

might have an opportunity of explaining them.
of the committee, said
McKellops of St. Louis, chairman
were

interesting and

many

were

worthy

time,

nor

attention

the

had

expense

some

things were

were

freely given
A

novel
of

and

the

on

a

would
and

not

in the

brush, the

some

that

trouble,

here, that
getting them
"secret
preparations,"some

in

were

of all, but
The

all.

given

neither

that

present,

there

that

exhibition,

on

J.

that

articles

he

hoped

on

exhibition

spectful
re-

moreland
simple articulator invented
by Dr. WestMississippi;a lathe
head-piece (owner

very

explain); a tooth-powder-bottle stopper,
for convenience
of placing the powder

to

present

slot

things

spared

benefit

be

Columbus,

inventor
with

been

for the

all

of

patented,

attention
were:

valuable

H.

Dr.

side

invention

of Dr.

C. E.

Kells, jr.;a regulating

spring for expanding the arch, invented
by Dr. E. S. Talbot,
of Chicago.
The
spring is of piano-wire,the tension of the spring
increased
by being coiled in the middle, the spring interfering
mastication
either
much
less with
articulation
and
than
jackCoffin-plate.Dr. Miles,
mouthpiece for facilitatingthe

screws

the

or

new

oxide

of

administration

and

which

dispensing with the aid of
of Kentucky, a
new
motor-power
is perfectlynoiseless, has a band

gives

ten

ten

gas,

Dr.

J

with

times

greater

W.

Smith

rim

of

than

power

revolutions

10,000

to

Chai'leston, exhibited

of

engines

Island,

and

imal

appliance, or
simplicity.
gold,hooked
and

teeth,
As

the

in the
the

gold

around

anterior

the

steamgauge.

siiif

as

band

thin, elastic

band

the

interstices

yield

to

gained, the

of the

or

between

the

is

arch

around

band

is

upon

gold band,

is attained.
teeth
one

any
but

no

to

a

22

be

posterior

of

the
and

hold

as

drawn

tic
elasened
short-

the

teeth

necessary

is to

a

carat

teeth.

to

gap

tooth,

rubber

its extreme

by

straightened

If

appi'o-

regulating

gentle pressure

again indented
repeated as often
the

and

of

the

disks

paper

available

most

and

This

is desired
the

very

necessary

is hooked

specialaction
placed under

a

first molars,

is

position.

symmetry

itself

the

teeth

space

much

new

into

of

of from

capable

coraniends

method, which

It consists

bent

band, and
as

rather

lathes,

slip,that

walls
sand-paper for finishing cervical
fillings.Dr.B. S. Byrnes, of Memphis, Tenn., a new
a

liams
Wil-

Dr.

cannot

with

tested

as

Rhode

Newport,

for

other, and

any

minute,

a

assistant.

which

nitrous

of

an

a

be

closed

together.
rubber

rings are

used

block
and

til
una

If
is
no

368

The

threads
the

tied.

Models

principle and

the very

very

patient,and

very

time

the

application of

the

obtained

results

of the

soreness

little time

apparatus.

showing

remarkable

little

The

Dentistry.

of

exhibited

were

with

short
the

Aechives

teeth

in

appliance was

very

discomfort

or

in

by the operator
highly commended

spent

a

to

ing
applyDr.

by

McKellops.
Dr. J. A. Robinsonof
with

fibrous

which

does

material, and

avoided, while

of the

by

flask,without

Dr.
the
to

of New

teeth,

front

the

material

off.

The

injurious

membrane

is thus

the

plate.
specimens of black-rubber

sides

to

light, elastic

produces
when

they

taken

are

from

apparatus.

new

spring
them

plate,lined

gold, a

mucous

given

Orleans

draw

to

the

which

of any

rubber

wear

nor

Iowa,

both

on

aid

Coftin-plate,
having
the

is

method,

the

Walker

R.

J.

finish

new

a

plates, highly polished
the

with

DesMoines,

of

made

plates

rubber

exhibited

vulcanizable

tarnish,

nor

beautiful

a

Edwards

Dr.

also with

corrode,

not

of contact

effects

Jaekson,Mich.,

exhibited

adapted

so

while

in

modification

a

as

attached

be

to

expanding

of

the

arch

laterally.
Bonwill

Dr.

exhibited
difference

the

his

mechanical

between

his and

they possessed. The
the work, enabling

of

stained

and

distinction, and
fibres take
a

three

Mr.

on

J. W.

samples

banyan

the

of

had

been

years

ago,

Mr.

W.

samples

that

fifteen

Lambert

not

secret

Evans

of the

tages
advan-

mallet
in

do

married

greatly
forty-fiveto

root;

end

the
a

as

women,

dollars

three

or

semblance

of the

of Listerine

but

the

beaten

or

paint-brush.

presented to
but

which

had

and

St. Louis

Menthated

Pharmaceutical

a

pedites
exenty
sev-

mark

Also

set.

a

He
the

anese
Jap-

bruised
also

the

hibited
ex-

Southern

been

previous to that date, thus invalidating
the gold-crowns now
the market.
on

years

patents

for

of

gold-crown

Association

Dental

black

all for two

tooth-brushes,
till the

with

order;

to

and

plaining
ex-

require four or five hours.
Japvery interestingspecimens of anese
hard
from
cusped teeth, carved

some

dentistry; plates
wood,

to

operator

and

engine,

otherwise

exhibited

Morrison

Dr.

would

what

minutes

and

all others

engine

new

the

mallet

in

use

several

Co. exhibited

camphor, proprietary

cines
medi-

preparations.

of McKesson
various

and

Robbins,

New

preparationsof cocaine.
[to be continued.]

York,

exhibited

Journalistic.

CENTRAL
The

Fourth
will

and
be

present.

held

to

J. D.

Pres.,

Moody,

C. R.

OF

board

4

DENTAL

EXAMINERS

2

justappointed

Edgar

are

E.

years;

La

Palmer,

STATE

follows:

as

5

Crosse,

C. French,

B.

years;

Eau

3

G.

Marklin, Milwaukee,
J. S.

years;

Claire, 1
Edgar

May

THE

FOR

WISCONSIN.

Chittenden, Madison,

years;

Sec,

Streator,111.

OF

C. C.

Taylor,

111.

Mendota,

The

SOCIETY.

ciety
SoMeeting of the Central Illinois Dental
in Bloomington, Ills.,
the second
on
Tuesday in
continue
three days.
ally
Visitingbrethren cordi-

October, 1385,

BOARD

DENTAL

ILLINOIS

Annual

be

invited

369

Reynolds,

roe,
Mon-

year.

Palmer,
La

5.

Wis.

Crosse,

JOURNALISTIC.
'Reading maketh

UvuL^

Two
ine the
a

male,

IN

A

MAN.

full man;

a

and

writing,

conference,

Quite recently I

"

pharynx

in the

of about

twenty-threeyears

ascertain,in

fair

After

light,with

livinghuman

condition, so

his head

moath

had

far

been
that

ready

had

of
as

man;

occasion
The

subject.
age,
his

placed
I

a

man."

exact

an

and,

as

general
in the

to

individual
near

proper

was

I could

as

health

exam

was

cerned.
con-

positionand

could

properly investigatethe
structures
to be found
at the posterioraspect of this cavity,my
tention
atwas
immediately attracted to the peculiar appearance
sented
prehis
and
its
velum
median
by
pendulum palati
appendage.
This
instead
of
well
know
be
latter,
to
being single,as we
mally
northe case, was
evidently double, and, quite naturally,the first
into my
mind
that the
was
thing that came
subject had at some
time
as

open,

so

in his life submitted

staphylorrhaphyfor the

to

the

operation known

restoration of fissured

among

palate.

surgeons

The

370

of

ignorant
he

that

mists

of

its usual

With

aid

the

large,both

first glance, the

third, each

extremities

their

than

alone

of these
of

of them
called
such

a

double

in

regard

or

even

the

I must

to

normal

of such

anomalies

Shufddt,

U.

S.

I

a

be
as

rare

of interest

they

Army,

occur

in JVeio

be

and

I

to

those

among
York

the

been

been

believe

who

ward
up-

if its

mind

my

tion
dissec-

a

in each

literature
state

noticed
it to

be

maly,
ano-

by

omists
anat-

tion
devia-

a

occurrence;
trust

that

collect

the

Journal.

Dr.

of
thing
any-

anatomical

"

tremity
ex-

improjierly
to

vertebrates.

Medical

came

stimulated

in

The

only

they

remaining

presence

common

can

as

suspected

that

unable

am

is ;

single one,

has

largely

contracted

conclusion

ever

very

and

right appendage

interesting

hardly

of

one,

I

it has

can

structure

it

a

muscle.

me,

this

not

or

event

any

think

to

geon.
sur-

fully

the

uvulie

what

azygos

available

whether

In

of it may

an

trices
cica-

they

not

carefullyweighing

strip,or

history of

the

these

demonstrated

have

the

Properly

the

tain
cur-

ample

where

For

one.

fullyto

muscular

being

say

before.
from

After

anatomists

subjects not

left

the

the

usually

would

attempted by

came

would

uvulre

uvula

rest.

time,

was

irritated.

was

human

by

the

of

appendange

that

at

the

at

faint

it,or
and

cylindrical,the

same

same

presented, I

facts

all the

the

at

the

unison;

in

being
and

in

two-thirds,

union

a

"

structure

the

upper

formed

examined

each

caliber,as

median

subjects.

now

found

at

by anthropoto-

broad

in normal

my

This

in the

interference

was

I

with

steady

to

index

the

inspection of

deficiencies

former

seen

perfectly free

was

With

apophysis

careful

structure

line

being perceptibly longer
at

the

for their

median

in the

in contact

A

such

proceeded

palatine bones.

the

fectly
per-

absolutely

I

perfectly united

no

uvulae; I

united, however,

were

of the

was

for any

surgeon

subject'shead

spine.

length and

to

as

a

he

was

posteriorangles, described

perhaps

double

and

the

dissectingprobe,

a

of

parts involved.

were

position, as

of

hands

easilydetect

contrary, the

occupied
developed

they

and

that

thoroughly awakened,

palate discovered

the

On

at

that

I found

question, and

posteriorborder

evidences

as

in the

of the

likewise

soft

of the

been

posterior nasal

the

as

had

inner

of their

union

in

me

I could

line, and

condition

the

convinced

once

the

examination

explored

left,I

however,

right hand, holding

my

Dentistry.

of

man,

curiosity,now

careful

a

finger of

"

never

My

purpose.
make

the

questioning

Upon

sure

Archives

my

deed,
inscription
de-

histories
R.

W.

only. The
as
a proof

metals

two

takes

If

will

he

That

globularform.
Ice

nothing.

the

will flow

under

mercurial
with

made

uncombined

understand

not
a

the

ners
cor-

assume

a

proves

to

assume

with

every

he

never

once,

is

Any

mercury
education

British

in

it

that

using.

his

until

if

fault,but

uncombined

with

of

this,even

is in

^"e?- se

plugs

excess

I have

But

Fletcher,

where

immense

case.

amalgams

Thomas

"

Death
been

recently

have

per

in the

of

case

territories

cent.;

comes
be-

Journal

of

2.88

making

four

cent.

cent., disease

or

14.41

of

every
This

per

Union

hundred
is

used, and

an

nine

those

soldiers

do

the
per

violence

died

from

twice

as

died

during
engaged,
in the

were

the

Thiis

over

not

war.

The

thousand

or

The
be

per
per
9.68

total

834,616,

fourteen

out

years' war.

death-rate,but the figuresare

accuratelyindicate

4.73

224,586,

would

war

men.

1.85

or

bullet.

and

in action

43,000,

110,030,

as

the

four

3,500,000

disease

fatal

the

kills

states

killed

wounds

from

soldiers
of

enormous

they
to

is about

hundred

there

The

Union

there
of

disease

war

the

showing this,however,

the

war,

died

there

thus

being

mortality among

of

in

that

facts

of

of

report

a

specialinterest.

army

deaths

hand

other

the

of

years

cent.;

total of

truism

a

are

the

to

per
a

is

tables

Army, showing
by battle during

and

sickness

Some

"

upon

States

detailed

war,

own

our

contributed

or

On

It
The

these, during the

67,030

from

deaths

bullet.

the

than

more

based

United

the

War.

of

published,

Rebellion.

the

of

of

cent,

Rate

-

Adjutant-General of

actual

per

to

cases

an

material

the

all

using

complete.

some

and

fillingsaturated

Actual

The

Of

true

Science.

Dental

War

and

varies

possible,although

maybe

discontinue

more

the

in

occur

may

grossest carelessness

puts in

who

better

the

does

dentist

had

a

as

tendency

hardening

such
a
years'practice,seen
is a proof,not that amalgam

occur,

dentist

poisoning

mercury,

in twenty

the

after

the

ever
what-

nothing

apparently hard,

and

pressure,

ently
appar-

alloy.

different

does

has

plug shaped

a

is

amalgam

globularor spheroidal form

are

Talbot

slowly bulge on all six sides
inwards, showing a strong tendency

will draw

That

make

Dr.

will find it will

he

cube

Dentistry.

of

which
bulging of a filling
of shrinkage, he will find

this.

with

do

to

a

Archives

The

372

the

often

wrongly
tributable
mortality rightly at-

ordinary death-rate among
annually in this country.

male

adults

During

the

373

Journalistic.
four

of

years

the

and

three

the

among

would

there

war

million

half

a

occurred

have

under
soldiers

of

deaths, leaving,therefore, only somewhat

000

thousand

deaths

instead

way,

of

course

of

events,

course

of

the

the

four

death-rate

death-rate

risks from

enormous

Address

Dental

in

Session

the

at

life,but

Walter

W.

added

has

in

Delivered

General

of

D., of Chicago, 111.

M.

cocaine

as

local

a

anesthetic,and

peroxide of hydrogen (Ho Oo) in the
and
oral diseases, are
the principaladvances
department of this practiceduring the year

medical

little

a

Meeting of the American
Orleans, La., May 1, 1885,
By

New

at

Allport,

introduction

dental

only

Thirty-Sixth Annual

Association,

of

general use

in the

Record.

Surgery.

Oral

and

natural

died

soldier

the

general

a

the

is

bullets

Medical

"

in

hundred

every
from

in civil

disease.

Medical

The

of

out

men

died

12G,-

hundred

put it in

To
have

about

two

over

war.

would

who

The

the

the

to

men

fifteen

war.

than

greater

attributable

stances
circum-

any

the

more

of

treatment

made

in

for which

the
this

report is made.
The

forms

two

in surgery
the

local

so

such

as

in such
involve

the

the

this sometimes

with.

been

generally used
operations in

most

its

questionable in
of
of

effect
very

employment

In the treatment

its action

teeth, is

of

roots

surgicaltreatment

veolaris,the anesthetic
and

have

But

cases.

practicalbenefits
In

render

which

In
hydrochlorate and the oleate.
mediately
membrane, together with, the iminvolving the mucous
subjacent tissues,these preparations of the drug have
its value
efiicient that there is little question as
to
as
a

anesthetic

its

cocaine

the

are

mouth

proven

of

in

upon

uncertain

so

tures,
structo

as

der
ren-

tion.
operation of extracpockets caused by pyorrhea al-

this

the

agent is often

so

great

as

to

painful operation compartaively painless,
should
such
cases
rarelybe dispensed
hypersensitivedentine

of

deeper

as

well

as

in the

tooth-pulps,its action as an anesthetic has, under some
be desired.
But
in far
to be all that could
circumstances,seemed
the greater number
of cases
it has proved of little practicalvalue.
removal

More

of

recently,however,
has

been

introduced

a

form

in

Germany

manufactured
series

of

and

by McKesson
experiments,conducted

it has

been

shown

of

new

that

for

cocaine, known
and

by Merck,

Robbins,
Dr.
bj''

New

of

John

S.

operationsupon

as

is

now

York.

the

rate,
cit-

being
In

a

cago,
Marshall, of Chisubmucous

tissues

374

The

extraction

in the

or

the

over

dentine,

to

anesthesia
of

of

of
for

pain

Under

results.

the

the

cavity.

more

than

from

five

sufficient
This

But

not

minutes

applied
always positive
dentine, and gives
"

it

minutes, and
time

afford

in

pulp

when

conditions

ten

has,

The

twelve

to

the

length to

effect

hour.

an

three

to

tages
specialadvan-

no

possess

favorable

parts in from

effect is of

in

to

seems

reliable,especially upon

more

the

teeth, it

"

of better

promise

of

Dentistry.

of

preparationspreviously named.
the pulp, its action
although

or

be

to

seems

Archives

some

after

the

tion
dura-

for the

aration
prep-

been

longed
pro-

cases,

has been

produces

out
extirpatedwith-

drug

the

has

been

applied.
citrate

If the

cocaine

of

be

kept

in solution

for

than

more

three

four

troduced
days, it decomposes and loses its active properties. As infor dental
into pills
it is made
by Dr. Marshall
purposes,
in glycerine,
by incorporating it with gum
tragacanth dissolved
each pillcontaining ^ grain of the citrate.
In this form
it keeps
or

pillis applied
pledget,moistened

well.

A

cotton

remain

from

five to

sensitive

the

to

in

twelve

minutes, when

produced. In twenty
remedy has been employed, it
the

of

this percentage

that

hoped

drug

and

this end

With
McKesson

"

act

of

in

reduced

a

The

methods

view, and
are

now

than

it

at

of

all

"

a

to

thfi desired
this

unsuccessful, but

it is

the

by
its

cases

better

a

knowledge

prejjarationand

use.

suggestion of Dr. Marshall,

the

manufacturing granules containing
citrate of cocaine, without
ine
glycerexcipient,so that the obtundent
may

the

grain of

promptly

more

will be

saccharine

other

any

proven

improved

Robbins

one-sixteenth
or

the

has

be

allowed

where

of

cent

per

if at

"

with

covered

should

It

tepid water.

is

result

cavity and

can

in the

of

presence

of

sugar.

a new
peroxide
hydrogen (H' O^), although
remedy,
the last few years
has only within
much
gained
prominence in the
of surgicaldiseases.
in dental
and oral
treatment
One
ot its uses

is in

surgery,
of

roots

the

that
tooth
lower
the
down

is

As

cases

occur

abscess, if left

to

the

tendency

in the

lower

itself,and

such

of pus

jaw, it

as

arise

from

is
is

sometimes

wards,
always downnot
infrequent

even

after

the

extracted, will

muscles

the

deep-seated abcesses,

or

teeth.

these

margin
as

blind

diseased

when

not

the

of

tissue at the
point through the external
of the jaw, and
between
occasionally downwards
the neck and
various
low
at
as
points,even
open

clavicle.

tooth

and

The
evacuate

usual
the

treatment

pus

in such

through

the

cases,

is to

alveolus, but

tract
ex-

it

375

Journalistic.

often

checked, and

is not

suppuration

of

formation

that the

happens

and

pus

the

continuance

of

points, or is opened
neck, leaving,when healed,

abcess

the

through the external tissue of the face or
a
disfiguringscar.
By injecting peroxide of hydrogen into such abcesses before
they point through the external tissues,this serious disfigurement
can
materially
usually be averted, and the suppurative process
shortened.

It is also
of

after

has

access

tooth
the

or

the

been

avoid

gained

made

a

the

to

cavity by

its external

with

the teeth

ulent
pur-

and

the

for the

wall

of

the

of

extraction

in the proper

border.

alveolar

escape

the

A

free

a

place at
opening

contents, in order

to

three
Two
or
rapid evolution of gas.
plicatio
apeach is usuallysuflicient to completely empty

from

pressure
of

the

antrum

perforationof

juncture of
always be

must

catarrhal

in

of

of the

evacuation

Highmore,
purative
supvided
dithe sinuses are
inflammations, and especiallyso where
into two
are
cases
more
or
pockets by bony septi. These
uate
protractedby the inabilityof the surgeon to perfectlyevacthem.
But with this preparationit becomes
a simple matter,
contents

often

the

aid for the

valuable

a

the

drachm

sac.

It is used

with

the

gratifying results

most

in

the

of

treatment

pyorrhea alveolaris,and is an invaluable agent in treatingpulpless
from
the pulp chamber
teeth, as by its action, all decomposed matter
and dentinal
tubuli is readily ejected; thereby removing the
fruitful causes
of the discoloringof this class of teeth, of inmost
fliammation
of the peridental membrane,
well
alveolar
scess.
abas
as
The
with

efficacyof peroxide
which
it is decomposed

the many

substances

which

of

depends

hydrogen

into oxygen
this

causes

first,
chemically and

and

water.

upon
Pus

the
is

ease
one

of

decomj^osition. Hydrogen
the
mechanically. When

peroxide
is set free and escapes
from
decomposition takes place the oxygen
a liquidto gaseous
the
form; this expansion of the gas distends
from
the orifice,
it carries much
pus cavity,and as the gas escapes
of the pus with it,and its applicationshould
be repeated until all
evacuated.
The
liberated
ing
beare
purulent accumulations
oxygen,
acts

in
of

a

nascent

or

suppuration and
^

1. See

and

151.

Hence

Gradle

on

active

condition, rapidlyoxydizes the

destroys
it is

a

"Bacteria

then

many

disinfectant
and

the

of the
and
Germ

products
micro-organisms of suppuration.
antiseptic.

Theory

of Disease,"

pp.

39

376

The

Archives

material

in the

therefore

system

of

one

antisepticsthat
Journal

"

hydrogen, after its decomposition, leaves
which
is foreign to the system itself and

of

Finally,peroxide
the

efficient and

most

be

can

3Iedical

and

"Teethii^^g."

The

his remarks

page

comments

the

rational

presence

of

maternal

mind

diseases
'But
'Then
with

still

him

salt

*

*

the

has
canal

notion

all,or

his

some

be

to

sure

cleanse

fingers,or

Avithout

grease

would

not

his

written

hundred

a

inflammation

of

little

at

least

teething and
than

to

I

what

namely, that teething is
brain, or pneumonia, or summer
of

curvature

True.

"

C. A.

Landum,

nifican
sig-

And

are

time

one

be

or

plainer
not

have

said

wish
and

responsible
complaint,

the

spine, or

alysis,
par-

J. S. M.

"

if

its

I do

not

"

rous,
sono-

medicine

anything

sickness?

repeat

of

teeth?

indisposed,at
Can

die?

them

further

of the

at

tency
po-

ground.

once

nothing

cut

ternally,
ex-

in the

domestic

dear

our

not

lose

to

nose

it,some

inside, and

lost

all children

not

between

times

of

bow-legs, or rickety swellings,or
or
even
sprew." Babyhood.
Important

the

rare,

salt in

any

these

apply

hand, has

sick, or

many

heresy

my

other
become

children

this connection

push

the

on

'teething'?'Do

Do

the

all infantile

belief

most,

that

rendered

that

is

this

fact

comparatively

the

to

following

worms.

slap on

take

or

Teething,

another?

or

"Despite
nowadays

"

without

for

fondly clings

little

a

What

to

the

As
I have
said, the
usually done.
is beginning
in producing disease
of worms
a word
usurped by 'malaria'
place has been
mysterious, expressive,meaningless, vague.

Their

than

infants

another

on

contains

Summer,"

intestinal

vaseline; but

as

not

of

quote

we

mestic
"Do-

on

doctor, that the baby keeps scratching his nose.'

water,
or

which

"Teething:"

teething or

to

I tell you,

olive-oil

*

in the

due

give

and

feeding

worms

are

Second

"Worms"

on

more

"The

on

and

1885.

27,

interesting lecture

Medicine," by Dr. Jacobi, from

is

purulent inflammation.

of

Association, June

"

no

disinfectants

harmless

used, in all forms

American

'"Worms"

Dentistry.

of

M.

D.,-in Southern

Dental

July, claims that the oxy-phosphates are capable of
applied to the pulps
destroyingthe vitalityof tooth-pulps,when
for

Journal

direct, or

"even

between
use

these

cements

though
the
as

pulp

a

considerable

and

temporary

the

filling. That

in
fillings

of

septum

dentine

it is also

sensitive

or

venes"
inter-

unsafe

to

in frail teeth,

Correspondence.

or

confined

to

vitalityof

the

destructive

This

teeth

where

is the

made

livingpulps,when

upon

the

"

"

these

the

with

the
the

to

cements

tain.
con-

only, no

tests

would

have

acid

this

be

preserve

observation

effect

applied unmixed

to

is attributed

which

of clinical

result

determine

to

acid

should

use

made

be

influence

deadly
phosphoric

of the

action

been

The

their

that

is to

attempt

no

pulps.

conclusion

having

and
fillings,

metallic

liningsunder

as

377

oxide.

zinc

^

"

CORRESPONDENCE.

Terre

of Dentistry. In the reported discussions

Archives

the
therapeutic agent before
at the late meeting of the American
Geo.
J. Freidrichs
is reported as saying
a

sensitive."

the

conclusive

As

is cited:

following case

proof
"This

of Dental
Medical
that

of this

I had

18, 1885.
cocaine

on

"

Section

not

July

Haute,

and

Oral

Association, Dr.

"Healthy

pulps

remarkable

are

statement,
strate
demon-

opportunity to

an

as

gery
Sur-

brought to me within a
boy was
central
had splitopen
short time after receivingan injury which
a
touch
incisor tooth, leaving the pulp fully exposed; this I could
on

with

a

occasion

one

probe

without

when

causing

It is difficult to understand
take

to

into

a

place in

such

a

the

statement

of the
of the

any

other

It is
Dr.

would

richs

than

noteworthy

the

is is not

one

evidence.

such

carried

with

also that, am^ng

who
He

very

qualified
betrayed

been

and

nature

cumstance
cir-

them

ample explanation
insensibility.After a blow

of
a

The

have

well

incisor," with

central

bruising
"soon

after

of

dation
denu-

connective

injury"

the

on^'iJftEi^ed.

the

Marshall, whose

only
reported case.

was

to, could

pulp and unavoidable
to find
hardly expjflffet

crown

result

pain."
one
presumably

any

phenomenon
to "splitopen

of sufficient violence

tissues,one

least

referred

injury itself

observed

of the

the

how

Section
on

a

on

paper

seemed

says:

improbable

to

cocaine

have

"InVhe
that

all the

the

any

case

pulp

learned
was

gentleman present.
being discussed,

clear

conception
spoken of by Dr.

was

paralyzed or

of

the

Fried-

rendered

378

Akchives

The

anaesthetic

by the force of
ruptured at the apex

been

submit

We

observed
but

this

had

Section

the

curious

the

of the

have

not

been

have

may

creditable

more

explanation of
the

that Dr.

remains

fibres

nerve

root."

F. terminated

fact

its

or

admissible

only

Dr.

by

blow,

the

it would

whether

Dentistry.

of

discussion

Freidrichs'

the

on

to

phenomenon
this point,

dogmatic

assertion

"healthy pulps are not sensitive,"an opinion totallyat variance
with
the common
knowledge and experience of the profession,was
vious
in the face of so simple and obgravely and extendedly discussed
that

a

The

solution
curious
from

a

of

by

Dr.

observed

the

Freidrichs'

Dr.

Williams,

W.

there

the

pulp

before

in

a

the

have

must

this statement

bare,
blow,
of

and

shock

and

nerve

and

blood

bruising and

tation
quo-

recital

just spoken

case

less

or
was

quently
conse-

in

extent

a

of the

lesion

no

of

consequentlythe pulp

was

remember

to

that

violence, laying

if not

the

and

by

sufficient

violence

to

lastingand

vessel,and

yet

in

disruption the pulp

is

here

a

pulp

crown

bruised

wrenched
of

which

pathological insight

heavy

a

produce

fatal, functional
the

midst

of all

in

remains

a

fectly
per-

condition.

hardly rise

can

tissue

least temporary,

of

normal

from

conclusions
illy-digested
men

of

the

protest against what

the
on

perusal of

the

lead

must

of

such

part of those

profession, without

concerning some
and

and

the

to

tooth, and

the

there

case

only

concussion

consequent

disturbance

One

in

the

greater

a

profound

mechanical

soft connective

necessityat

this

in my

has

implies,one

"splitopen" by
the

to

received

injury was

"In

said:

further

justifya

replying

(decay)

been

while

appreciate fully the

tooth

In

former

lesion

a

will

condition."

normal

To

remarks.

the

was

pathological condition,
tooth

phenomenon.

of this discussion

features

Dr.

by

case

of

to

the

a

lower

an

loose, irrational
accredited

as

instinctive

estimate

of

and

sentative
repre-

desire
our

to

ments
acquire-

plainest principles of physiology
J. R.

pathology.

CORRECTION.
On
gram,

page
read

296

of

grain.

July number,

on

lines

27

and

29, for

the

word

380

The

passed

With

away.

member

AncHrvT^s

of

the

that

Dentistry.

or

exception of

who

one,

I stand

was

much

a

here

er
youngsole

the

vivor
surto-night
I think
of what
with
propriety be called, "the Old
may
Guard."
They guarded well the interests of the profession in this
city,and, what is still more
creditable,they guarded the good name
and the
member
of that faithful
professionalstanding of every

band.

What

them

touched

touched

one

all,and

intercourse

between

characterized

was

speech, even
and

company,

as

by disinterested
friendship,frank
pointing out of individual faults, and

to the

conscientious
with

discharge of

the

of

usages

duties

their

the

ethics

highest

open

the

est
honin

other

each

to

and

cordance
ac-

professional

of

men.

That

friend

our

duties, we
well

frank

as

other

and

associations

besides

been

said

physical body
called

death

the
and

garment;

that refused
What
to

of

all

in this

That

instance
serve

is

simply
friend

our

the

a

is not

here
in
that

to-night. 'Tis true,
bringing us together,but

draws

rather

us

together,is

remembrance

our

not

of

acts, his words, his works,
of
upon
current

him;

for

it is the

memories.

our

His
of

humanity

active,livingforces
influence

on

and
vaster

How

of

not

die.

of

a

man

become

formed.

by

binds
the

thread

individual, but
his

man,

every

know

we

its influence

the

"

sembling
as-

our

has

man

life of

all that

attributes

therefore

That

which

It is birth
more

nobler
capabilities,
than

character

garment,

it wa"

and

ber
remem-

impresses itself
incorporated into the
that

generation, and constitute a part of the
that period. These
never
die, but exert an
vidual
generations. Not
only this, but the indi-

life immortal.

portal to

comprise

off

cast

worn

the

of

The

period

stage of existence

one

tie that

memory

his worth.

would

much

of

memory

mere

the

At

one

of the

is true

is evidenced

dead

the

This

for which
from

his death.

of

his

all future
does

man

and

purposes

change

as

interest

the

himself.

man

old

an

from

die.

to

as

filled prominent

he

occasion

in the

is laid aside

the

That

fessional
pro-

kind,

just and

was

know.

born

of

not

he

his

of

discharge

life,is evident

are

men

physical body

longer to

another.

of

this take

but

man,

call death

we

walks

that

That

all well

we

generous,
other

in the

testify.

all

can

positionsin
It has

a

conscientious

was

is called

into

a

life

more

death

is but

real,more

the
stantial
sub-

enduring, higher,deeper, fuller,with
and incomparably grander results
aspirations,

belong to this poor
insignificantthen is

life
this

we

are

life

living.
compared with
now

that

upon

Editorial.

which

friend

our

when

contrasted
death

and

in that

and

whose

let

goods;
us
by but
serve

the

first

and

How

in

second
whose

short

and

years,

rather

than

unblemished

existence

limits

estimate.

struggle
our
worthy

imitate

Let
a

emulate

and

his

birth

mark
not

can

of

has

der
squan-

earthlybefore

gone

example by

our
ure
meas-

then

not

who

affairs,

Our

handful

striving

thus, like him, leave

cherished

a

we

mere

friend

!
that

us

ourselves, and

name

all its

are

mile-stones

for

a

trivial

unending

an

cannot

we

hour

race

an

!

long, long journey

few

our

behind

of

rather

us
a

those

worth

brief

our

just entered

with

but

are

progress

to

ha?

381

memory.

EDITORIAL.

ALLPORTS'

DR.

INSTRUMENTS
OF

successful

The

that

This

is

for the

designed

dead

the

of

roots

a

instruments
of

teeth, and

which

of these

take

W.

of

set

a

W.

essential

so

the

for

in the

the

excision

pleasure in presenting

instruments

for this

Allport,of Chicago,

1, 2, 3,
the

better

roots, while

4

are

ting
cut-

of

ket,
mar-

lack

tability
adap-

removal

of

the

necrosed

to

of the

adapts
Nos.

1,

devised

and

be

the

of any

that

purpose,

which

trations
readers, illus-

our

to

seems

the

No.

roots.

it for
3

and

labial
2

operating
4

have

buccal

or

has
on

square

a

and

the

rounded

the
chisel

have

moving
re-

palatial or
cutting end

bifurcations
ends.

used
most

thin, flexible chisels,spring tempered, for

deposits from

lingual aspects
which

the

posits
de-

specially

are

cases,

perfectlyadapted for operations of this character
thus far been
presented to the profession.
Nos:

all calcarious

instruments

the

for

or

very

margins.
difficult operation, needing

local treatment

gums,

the

depends

alveolar

time's

of the root,

surface

therefore
of

Dr.

many

MENT
TREAT-

of the alveoli.

margins
We

the

diseased

for the

deposits under

such

by

the

and

accomplishment
Many
purpose.

recommended
to

and

LOCAL

pyorrhea alveolaris
of
perfect removal

upon

and

delicate

a

its successful

for

found

THE

ALVEOLARIS.

of

complete
be

may
of the

away

PYORRHEA

treatment

the

largely upon

FOR

No.

of

the

5, 6 and

382

The

Auchives

3

IQ

Dentistry.

of

4

5

(i

12

14

Fi_g2

383

Editorial.

7, 8

also

are

left,and

right and

distal surfaces
No.
a

the

the mesial

operatingupon

for

curved
and

roots.

form

same

No.

as

2 with

is intended

point,and

hoe

but

chisels, spring tempered,

designed

are

of

9 is of the

short

flexible

thin,

for

exceptionthat

the

scaling

the

at

it has
of

apex

the

roots.

No.

is

10

the

stiff

for

heavy
excisingnecrosed

roots, and

flexible chisel with

a

short

No.

i:3 a

11

ming
trimspoon-

bifarcations

the

of

septi. No. 12 is a thin,
point for scaling at the

alveolar
the

at

for

stiff,
heavy,

scaling between

curve

chisel

curved

tempered

alveoli,and

of the

edges

instrument

shaped
the

delicate,but

a

of the root.

apex
No.

ting
only upon the point, for cutand diseased
alveolar margins.
the dead
away
The peculiarities
of these burs are, that they cut only at the end,
and are
smooth
the side; the coned
on
shape of the bur acting as
a shield.
By this device the side of the bur can be applied to the
surface of the root and carried down
alveolus
to the margin of the
without
the
or
unnecessarilyinjuringeither the cementum
gum
13-14

conical

are

tissue in contact

with

burs, milled

it.

probe for cleaning out
the loose debris from
under
the gums
after operating.
out
withFigure 1 represents the flexible chisel,applied to the root
No.

15

is

stiff

fine but

a

tempered

spoon

pressure.

Figure 2
against the
the

side of the

it lies

Some

so

to

the

imstruments

operators, but

we

external
are

they

as

permits it

which

root, and

chisels

to

while
in

unlike
essentially

not

mention

the

complete

set

the

same

progress,

of the

surface

towards

pass
at

its

pressed

are

all

root.

those
as

used

used

by

AUport.

We

would

4, 5, 6,
to

attached

of these

other

Dr.

the

cuttinginto the cementum,
closelyagainst it as to remove,

depositsfound
by

of
flexibiliay

the

without

apex

time

shows

have
The

suggest, however,

9 and

the
cuts

15
set

are

that

for the

sake

might be dispensed with, but
complete.
made

from

instruments

of

economy,

it would

manufactured

be

Nos.
better

by Mason,

of Chicasro.

Daily Republican:
clipthe following from the LaCrosse
Dr. Edgar Palmer, who
subjected himself to an important surgical
is
last
the
to be
operation
reported by
Thursday,
surgeons
We

The

284

Archives

Dentistry.

of

quite out of danger, and rapidly improving. Sunday and Monday
ing,
becoming alarmsolicitude,the symptoms
were
days [of extreme
fatal reto avert
and requiringfrequent and painful treatment
sults
from
pyaemia.
INTERNATIONAL

THE

V.

John

Dr.

editor

Shoemaker,
Committee

the

of

of

of the

OF

Bulletin, and

Medical

meeting

for the

Arrangements

188Y.
retary
Secthe

of

of the Section
of
long editorial: "The omission
and Oral Surgery was
judicious. Dentistry not being generally
Medicine."
of
recognized as a legitimatedepartment
is reof Arrangements
unless this action of the Committee
considered
this
dental section at
there is to be no
Congress.

Congress,
Dental

So

in

says

a

MONTHLY

inventions

For

June

date

CONGRESS

MEDICAL

25,

relatingto dental and surgical interests, bearing
Reported expresslyfor this journal by Louis

D.

Washington,

Advice

C.

Artificial

318.581.

Artificial

of

Patents,

free.

318.579. Artificial dentine.
318.580.

Solicitors

and

Experts

Co., Mechanical

"

Bagger

1885.

PATENTS

OF

LIST

dentine.

New
Sheffield,
Sheffield,New

L. T.

"

L. T.

"

dentine

support.

York

W.

W.

"

City.
City.

York

Sheffield, New

City.

York

keepsie,N.

Tooth

attachment.

Miller, Pough-

C. D.

"

for

preparing roots

crowns.

O.

"

P.

City.
crown.

Applying
York
City.
319,283. Appliance

tooth

for

support

the

York

Grant, New

C. P.

"

metallic

crowns.

of

City.

C.

"

invalids.

F.

F.

"

New

Grant,

P.

Marsh,

Mass.

Wareham,

Syringe.

319,296.

"

Molesworth, Brooklyn, N. Y.
artificial finger. Isaac Baslove, Walla

W.

319,776. Automatic

la,
Wal-

"

T.
Dental

319.583.
and

A.

319.584.

Johnson,
319,829.

W.

engine angle

Dental

Artificial

Syringe
City.

320,806.

Dental

N.

W.

A.

denture.
tooth.
for

"

Browne,
J. E.

"

H.

C.

"

M.

L.

A.

Johnson,

in hand

pieces.
"

Westfield, N.
Low, Chicago,

ton,
Clif-

W.

A.

Y.
111.

Register,Philadelphia,Pa.

applying ointments,

chair.

W.

"

Y.

plierfor adjusting tools

Clifton, and

320,261.

attachment.

Westfield,

Browne,

319,746. Artificial
York

for

tool

319.238.

W.

Southwell, Milwaukee,

C.

Y.

319.237. Dental
York
Grant, New
319,236.

"

engine angle

319,110. Dental

C.

guard.

breath

Dental

319,338.
Wis.

etc

"

J. M.

Laflin,New

Long, Philadelphia, Pa.

T^E

Archives of Dentistry.
J
A

Vol.

Monthly

No.

n.,

Record

Dental

of

SEPTEMBER,

9.]

Of

SOME

Series.

[New

ARTICLES.

all the

METHODS

which

in

arts
chief

Nature's

Art.

and

1885.

ORIGINAL
"

Science

the

wise

masterpiece

is

excel,
well."

writing

SEPARATING

OF

TEETH

WITH

WEDGES.

BY

Read

the

at

DWIGHT

DE.

of

meeting

joint

M.

the

Mass.

and

the

Among
that

things

is

perhaps,

patients

have

received

with

that
a

small

minority

here,

of
you

spaces

are

using

filling,but
we

at

may

times,

but

only

the

same

teeth
this

help

some

difficult

and

be

and
in

and

I

discussing
doing

perplexing.

it, I
I

am

is most

am

what
For

at

to

than

will
a

and

get the

a

firm

the

long

nouncement
an-

previous
enter

to

that

desired

most

time

no

gument
ar-

believer

labor

subject,

I fear

the

filling. Some,

likely

the

painful,

dentists, nothing,

before

necks,

It

result.

held

say

fill without

for

their

to

disgust

always

personally
at

Societies,

not

of

"wedged"

think,

that

means

by presenting

obtain

that

say

hands

necessity

the

to

the

obtain

to

I

the

dread

must

us,

regard

between

ability

my

teeth

Dental

1885.

annoying,

at

greater

among

In

separation.

wide

the

suffer

to

BOSTON.

Valley

June,

and

disagreeable

many

Conn.

Mass.,

Worcester,

OF

CLAPP,

the

best
of

many
room

it is

in

for

possible

of
rubber

us

find,
was

The

386

the

about

only thing

and

bad

many

with

contact

used

the

willing to admit
rubber

best

to

that
use,

probably causes
any other wedge.
causing great pain

gum,
caused
it may

be

if it must

used

be

The

wedge

that

is,it

of teeth

is less space

there

where

sides

the

where

cases

used

be

should

should

It should

be

cheek.

One

about

extend

and

slide

and

soreness,

and

that

wood

than

to

as

wooden

am

The
the

which

stationers,

by

adapted

points of
of

length

to

is

wedge

teeth.

the

the

to

the

crown,

nearly.

gum,

irritate the

not

I

nearly parallel,or

are

the

at

the

as

of

well

are

cutting edge

the

to
liability

sold

wedged

wide
the

Its

erasers

of

trimmed

of

advantage

the

gum

as

from

shaped

so

the

at

more

all,is

at

be

to

good qualities
noyance
pain and an-

some

its use.
entirelyabandon
successfullysometimes.

to

me

tubing is made, or
suitable shape.
Wedges

into

cut

It has

separating.

inelastic

most

Dentistry.

of

It

ones.

suppuration,has

even

for

patient than

the

to

into

Archives

tongue
it is

that

or

more

class of teeth, those
cleanly than tape, cotton, or silk. This same
with
nearly parallelsides, can be separated as successfully,and I
less pain, with tape.
Linen
and
think with
tape of various widths

is

knife
should

teeth, and

the

several

mouth

cotton

of

one

best

the

the

and

teeth

of

changing

It

space

It is difficult to

adjust and

having

less space

point

more

near

or

serve

superior central
with

contact,
is very
will
a

will

slip up

put in

the

space

the

point

Take,
but

them

at

rubber,
or

gum,

of

the

cotton

against adjoining

usually have

knots

fectivene
ef-

both

in

between

the

place

so

this

once
cavity, By
obtained.
be
generally

purpose.

of

force,

teeth
place between
and touching only at a small
these cases
that ligatures of

gum,

wedge

against

to

situated

so

regards

as

in the

the

It is in

These

a

used,

tape

getting it

left

sufficient

exerted

be

within

admirable

ligature is used,
clasp the
string will

If

at

considerable

be

can

when

the

sharp

The

ends.

cavities

with

enough can
keep wedges

incisors.

difficult to
not

an

with

is necessary

cutting ends.

the
kinds

various

that

expansion

cotton,

cleanly

more

in

expanded

not

the

it

the

of

A

place.

materially in

assists

teeth

wedges

comfort.

force

cutting off

crowded

be

can

into

be

to

as

so

drawn

then

which

In

folded

be

for

renders

days.

and
that

scissors

thoroughly waxed,

be

that

thickness, and

preferableto

between

is

and

width

proper

It should

is the best.

waxed

well

can

contact

a

instance, the

small

the

wood,

point

gum,
or

out

come

be

for

so

tied

in

such

and

of
it

tape, that

altogether.
that
a

manner

the

388

The

from

springingtogether while the
designed by Drs. Perry, Bogue

Archi\^s

Dentistry.

of

work

is

done.

The

applian
and others for making rapid sepaces
I
have
not
tions,
used, but hear favorable
reports in regard to them.
it is left only to
Having spoken of rapid and semi-rapidseparations,
which
works
speak of a method
slowly. It applies,as a rule,
very
molars
to the bicuspids and
In many
where
there are
cases
only.
large cavities
that

they

should

with

teeth

removing
separated,the

in

the

will force

the

condition

has

cervical
for

PRESIDENT'S

It is not

away
in

called

between

months

the

toward
teeth

the
cess
pro-

the

gum,

will be

found

view, and

cavities

the

filling.

BEFORE

DE,

this

MISSOURI

THE
SOCIETY.

SWAB.

F.

State

at

purpose

my

the

well

DENTAL

the Missouri

few

a

properly

space

percha

gutta

it is desirable

is very

entire
of

course

worn

ADDRESS

BY

of

I think

margins

metal

a

STATE

Gentlemen

not

often, when

fill the

to

In

what

good

what

is well

gutta percha.

on

well

teeth, and

be filled with

of mastication
and

these

it
filling,"

"treatment

a

between

being

Dental

Association:

time, neither

do

I deem

this

fitting
society,or to
a

history of dentistry or of this
of practice;nor
will I attempt to
offer any
new
theory or mode
discuss
any scientific question or disputed point,but I congratulate
this,the twenty-firstmeeting of this society,and tender
you upon
ask your
co-operation and support in
you a cordial greeting,and
making this meeting both pleasant and profitable.
occasion, to

We

have

trace

make

to

toil and

cares

discuss

to

truth,
the
the

to

not

met,

friends,

new

of
and

give

individual
individual

the

only to enjoy a social
acquaintances and to

and

members

and

members

are
care

hopeful sign of

the

greater interest

escape

and

for

a

time

and

the
and

improvement

methods

tried

sift out

the

elevate
improve, strengthen and
the profession,for if
thereby elevate
of the profesall right the elevation
sion

receive, to

to

take

toward

theories

of old and

re-union

but also for mutual
ofiices,

our

analyze

at large will

A

the

in

associated

of itself.
times

our

and

is the

annual
combined

increased

attendance

meetings, and
efforts.

The

the

manifest

day

at, and
dency
ten-

of exclusive-

Original

389

Articles.

naturallyseeks the advice, council and aid of his
this in
the
We
and the result is improvement.
fellow man,
see
and appliin science,in the improved instruments
wonderful
advance
ances,
and
in
and
methods
of
well as in the modes
our
practice,
as
facilities for performing difficult operations,thereby
the increased
operationsthat formerly
rendering easy, practicaland certain,many
has

ness

past;

man

difficult

considered

were

The

importance
learned

a

recognize and
the valuable

impossible.
Societies

Dental

can

mated.
scarcely be over-estihold
for the positionwe

largelyindebted
honorable
and
profession,and for
protect us, and the public as well.

them

To
as

of

or

are

we

discussions,criticisms, clinics

papers,

the
At

which

laws

meetings

our

and

tions
demonstra-

tained
that can
perhaps be obpracticalinformation
in no
other way,
expenditure of
certainlynot for the same
time and money;
it is,therefore, important that the exercises be so
be
conducted
that the time
fully occupied, and the
arranged and
of conducting clinics,
interest maintained
throughout. Our method
afford

the

fund

a

critical

of

and

examinations

record

kept

examinations

and

them,

reports upon

full and

the

plete
com-

together with the succeeding annual
comparisons, is a very important feature of our

of each

case,

We
owe
attractingthe attention of other societies.
than to all other
more
perhaps to clinical and practicaldemonstrations
of information; it is therefore
sources
important that better facilities
be provided for this class of exercises,and this can, perhaps, be best
accomplished by establishinga permanent place of meeting, where
and

meeting

is

all necessary
and

aids, including laboratory apparatus,

kept
provided

in readiness

this would

doubtless

for

A

use.

provided

should

cabinet

suitable

be

may

also

be

and
valuable
Oftentimes
depositmodels, etc.
interestingmodels, specimens and appliances are presented,passed
be
if they could
and
around, casuallyexamined
forgotten, when
and
comparison,
preserved and properly arranged for examination

of

the

a

prove

our

be

well

library.

is deemed

hands,

Just

remain

course,

or

to

meetings. Also,
deposit of the books and

would
a

in which

to

take
how

some

such

for you

of sufficient

I would

to

a

a

suitable
papers

looking

result

could

determine.

suggest that, by
made

to
an

instructive

ure
feat-

place should be provided for
of the society,and perhaps it

action

moment

By-Laws, provision be

interestingand

very

be
And

meet

the

to

with

brought
if in

for the

about

your

election

to
or

the

will,of

judgment

consideration

amendment

of

establishment

at

it

your

Constitution

appointment

of

a

390

The

suitable

constitutional
that

some

amendment

it

since

years

a

of the

sufhcient

number

a

of the work,

I believe, has

Constitution

and

Dentistry.

of

of the

same.

might

be

resolution

for the revision

printing of
our

custodian

as

person

Archives

While
well

for

the

on

remind

to

me

subject of
you

adopted by this body providing
Constitution
and
By-Laws, and the
of copies of the same.
result
The
was

been

not

By-Laws

altogether satisfactory. That
defective

are

in many

essential

ures
feat-

is

painfullyapparent, especiallyas to the qualificationsfor
In a body occupying the position of representative
membership.
of

scientific

a

that

proper

lished, to

and

fixed

some

end

the

progressive profession, it
the

that

reflect upon

the

profession to

see

only

standard

of

attainment

individual

but

seems

qualificationshould
of a membership

but

just and
estab

be
would

"

not

ard
society. This standshould
include
the personal and
moral
standing of the applicant,
well as his professionalconduct
and acquirements. Scientific
as
attainments
amount
is submerged
to^but little if the manhood
itself and
it to
to
disreputablepractices,and this societyowes

in
the

all that

the

that

imply,

terms

but

none

gain

can

It is my

of several

attention

the

sister Commonwealth
that

the

people

and
of
those

are

the

also to

quacks; but

judges of what
general principles.

but

poor

upon

depend largely upon
law,

own

in other

fact that there

is

however,

be

throw

aside

citizens.
law

line, let
In
the

may

all

no

is necessary
The

is sustained

of

the

dental

our

dental

of

falls short

where
to

upon

as

for

they
thank

me

in

by

let

laws

us

one

must

profession.
for

mark

the

of
do

Our

the

pose
pur-

from

the

its enforcement.

individuals

enforced;

and

chips fall

conferred

each

us

vices
ser-

sustained

respects is all that is needed

let

our

shows

are
people as a mass
their protection,except

enforcement

respects

it

The
for

of

tracted
at-

tions
the machina-

unless

if the dentists
readily obviated
and
feelingsof a personal nature

conclusion, I wish
honor

enacted.

are

from

them

ject
sub-

dental

competent

supreme

specificprovision

Therefore,

the

not

the members

in many

while

intended,

the

they

surround

are

well, and

argues
of

in

them

States; among

benefits

alone

laws

meeting, the
dentistry has

practiceof

This

that

dangers

behalf

in whose

to

last

our

dentists

good

its ranks.

to

additional

the

and

men,

admission

the

of Kansas.
alive

true

since

pleasure to report that
laws for the regulation of

of

the

upon

This,

Missouri
their

will

duty

resolve

to

and

all hew

as

that

see

to

the

may.
the

of this

members

electingme

to

the

society for
presidency,and

Original

for the

received

position,and

of that

occupancy
the

courtesy I have

uniform

391

Articles.

I

bespeak

hands

their

at

during

worthy

for my

the

successor

consideration.

same

INFLAMMATION.
0.

BY

the

before

Read

W.

SPALDING.

State

Missouri

Dental

July,

Association,

1883.

nearly all the diseases the dentist is
The
low degree of inflammation
called upon
to treat, medically.
be present in dental
that may
cal
by surgidecay is usually remedied
and
the
removed
If
is
ity
cavalone.
the
treatment
decayed part
of decay properly and
securely filled there is usually no call
Inflammation

for medical

in

is present

this

In

treatment.

essential

dental

respect

surgery

Yet
there
cases
are
coming within
general surgery.
of
of dental practice in which
inflammatory conditions
range
of
treatment
soft tissues are
require medical
present and which
of treatinginflammation
kind.
That
the prevalent methods
of the
the soft tissues
mouth, especiallyof the tooth-pulp and

differs from
the
the
some

of
the
be

far from
will, I think,
are
satisfactory,
peri-dentalmembrane,
conceded.
I shall speak niore
particularlyon this point at the
of

close

this paper.

important that the practitionerof dentistryshould be
of inflammation,
familiar
with
the
origin,nature, effects and treatment
otherwise
he
is not prepared to
without
argument;
goes
in practice.
of this kind
when
occurs
a
case
proceed intelligently
That

Not

it is

much

about

I do

and
of

the

have

these
a

not

which
to

propose

is

conditions?

detain

you

vessels.
for it is
normal.

This
soon

This

observed

increased
succeeded
slower
of

with

which

bring
inflammatory,

causes

readilyrecognize

we

as

this part

speculations on

accompanied by certain conditions
all we
about
can
positivelyassert.

So

of

movement

immediate

that

it is

That

observed

the

far

as

they

slightenlargement of the blood
field.
and
Arteries, capillaries

increased

been

condition

subject.

been

are

of

the

concerning

is known

the

blood

movement

by
movement

a

are

known,

vessels
veins
takes
is

are

they consist,first,

within
all

place

however

the

tory
inflamma-

enlarged, and

in

all

of

short

decreased

movement

is the

first indication

approaching engorgement.

What

As

"

a

the

dilated

duration,

slower
that

an

than

has

yet

Jresultof

this

392

The

of

slowing

the

becomes

soon

blood

is established.
from

their

become

normal

central

the

same

in

increased
of

the

inner

mic

the

until

time

corpuscles
This

veins.

complete stasis of
red
corpuscles are

the

the

blood

redness
red

of

center

the

they

current;

surface

bodies

the

of

vessel
the

through

which

smaller

blood

tion
condiblood

the

diverted
and

stream,

longer retain

no

and
these
the

elongation and

their

which

of

white

corpuscles

vessels, and

the

loiter

these

outside

proto-plas-

processes

vessel.

the

reduction

they

to

interstices
its

way

times

many

form, and

their
stices
inter-

the

diameter

of

be

effected

by

to

seems

pass

normal

their

interstices

The

normally

corpuscles pass are
corpuscles in their

along

from

projections penetrate
gradually the corpuscle makes

appears

persion
dis-

this

to

minute

consequent

through

The

parts is due

projections or

out

walls, and

are

inflamed

the

walls

These

wall

than

the

throw

soon

through

of

corpuscles.

globular surfaces.
in

and
capillaries

increase

blood

of

position.

The

the

in the

positionin

diffused

accumulation

an

and

At

Dentistry.

of

current

apparent

continue

may

Aechives

the
a

force

herent
in-

in the

the vessels these
corpuscle. Having escaped from
corpuscleshave become
migratory, and this migration of the white
is the initiatory
of serum
corpuscles together with the exudation
disease
of pus.
The
has
now
passed the
step in the formation
follow
are
hyperemic stage and the changes which
only a more
advanced

stage of the

arrested
to

corpusclesfollow

outside

appear

the

walls

the
of

the

vessels.
the

course

red

The

and
capillaries

If

the

disease

of

the

white

is not
and

gin
be-

corpuscles, however,
not
through those of

veins.

The
and

red

through

pass
the

the

general process.

same

red

the

color

redness

of

pus

i8[dueto

of

pus

is in

the

presence

proportion

to

the

of the

red

extent

of

corpuscles,
the migration

corpuscles. To allow of the passage of the blood
change
corpuscles(white and red) through the vessel walls, some
in the structure
taken
have
of the walls
must
place. That there
is a loosening of the cellular structure
of the wall tissues resulting
This
in the opening of interstices there seems
doubt.
is
to be' no
of

the

red

corpuscles pass through the walls of
the veins, or the red
laries.
corpuscles through the walls of the capilRindfleisch
described
thus
the process
by which the red
their way
corpusclesmake
through the walls of the capillaries.

the

case

whenever

the

white

"Small, roundish, sacciform

elevations

are

seen

projectingfrom

the

Original

walls

of

Articles.

whereat
capillaries,

the

393

of

outwandering

an

the

red

puscles
cor-

which
through the little crevices
begins. They escape
real storaata
here enlarge to form
at the
junction of the capillary
endothelial
The
structural
form
of the capillarywalls
is
cells."
such
for

opening or enlargement of the little crevices,
brane,
although the walls are composed of a singlestructureless memit is largelycomposed
the endothelial
cells of which
are
favor

to

as

rounded

their

at

In health
but

the

angles of contact.
plasma passes the

the

the

described;

above
takes

of

the

cause

interstices

explained by the condition
enlarged. I am not unmindful
of

diameter

of

does

it

fluid would

any

the

not

yet

of

surface

but

long

so

and

current,

this

solution

of

the

and

of

the

but

while

of

this

the vaso-motor
The

blood

tissues
which
may

derive
animate

therefore
which

look

problem
the

fact

of

the

until

the

as

the

is the

of

dilatation

of

cause

of

remains

parent
elements

the

organs
described

body

is

stasis

ing;
slow-

not

occur

blood

shall

the

of

blowing

the

we

the

does

tablished.
es-

inner

is maintained.

the

of

what
is

the
of

cause

blood-current
cause

for without

near

corpuscles

of
of

the
the

cause

the

vessels?

be

the

near

vaso-motor

enlargement
elements
of

of

the

unexplained.
From
body.
and

growth
from
a

the

solution

composed, and,

of

of

the

nerves

the

vessels,

wall

tissues;

diminished

it not

the

come
as

of

energy

be true, the

nerves

be

a

a

ics
phys-

beyond

complete

named

greater

fact in

current,

corpuscles

white

the

to

vessels

ume
vol-

given

a

This

blood

the

problem.

inflammation.

cohesion

may

the

of

that

proportion

of

rent.
cur-

vessels, for these

it passes.

for the

contractile
as

lessened

the

the

blood

the
in

been

accompanying

mentioned

been

of

unsolved

an

answered
question is satisfactorily

Relaxation
has

of

we

the

white

velocity of

then, shall

Where,
When

normal

the

as

has

accumulation

the

of

increase
of

vessel-walls

the

as

diameter

accumulation

for the

enlarged

or

is

slowing

materiallyincreasingthe
is at first,
the slowing may
The

of

for the

account

modification

slowing of the blood

which

through

vessel

cellular

that

local

slower

move

the

opened

are

It is not
are

of

conclude

corpuscles.
there is always a
of this slowing

In inflammation
The

sis,
capillaries
by osmocorpuscles is by diapedesis,as

blood

the

therefore

we

which

place by

passage

of

escape

walls

activityof
only

nutrition, but
same

of

source.

the

the

organic

the
The

do

the

forces
blood

substances

organizing and

ani-

394

The

forces

mating

Archives

which

through
of certain

else

reasonable

origin of

Let

us

is

maintain

if

existingin

body

searching

for

the

the

blood

and

itself

in

can

So

cause?

the

brieflyconsider

friend

and

the

in these

terminates

other

and

the

or

mortification

Still,they
In

of

degree only, although
the

The

different

the
of

stages

probable
one

ulceration,

in

other

restoration

is

in

other
the

same

struction
decess.
pro-

of
wandering cells,or many
become
incorporated into the
corpusclesthat do not undergo

the

formation

of

be

regarded

to

the

also

embryonal condition, multiply
Excessive
foreign elements.
and
degeneration,and favors

as

accumulation
The

pus.

inundates
and

The

in their

remain

but

rapidly and must
tends
multii:)lication

change

and

in

one

only

are

one

delitesence

cicatricial tissue.

of

and

to

regarded

mankind."

is

"

is

one

of

the

metamorphosis,

the

a

restoration,and

foe

reparative process
them, undergo metamorphosis and
structure

with

properties. It

of its essential

some

processes

in resolution

gangrene,

sels,
ves-

inflammation.

now

difference

that

relative

much

of repair or
generally divided into inflammation
destructive
"The
or
disorganizing inflammation.
as

gans
or-

causes

look

we

terials
ma-

its

the

blood

discovering the

of

of

in

nothing

blood

the

to

the

amorphous

functions

the

are

we

the

from

body

therefore

blood, and
than

hope

and

There

conditions

where

the

life.

first in the

not

was

the

construct

present in the blood

Dentistry.

of

fluid

neighboring

contributes

which

exudate

tissues

becomes

is also liable to
of

element

an

often

Pus

pus.

cessive
ex-

ical
chemalso

may

undergo changes; it may be benign or malignant, that is,innocent
or
poisonous, or it may degenerate into ichor or sanies; the latter,
red
its name
as
indicates,contains
corpuscles or at least the red
which
these corpuscles,furnish
on
decomposition.
coloring matter
Now

the

comes

of
which

the

just described,

processes

the

dentist

is to

question,what
so

often

has

to

done

be
and

meet

the

avert

in

the

check

to

form

the

ress
prog-

consequences
abscess

of

or

ulcer?
I know

the

utilitarian

professionof dentistry,especiallyin

in character.

results,and

value

that

I know

theories

in

proportion

practice. Hence, this short paper
and
unsatisfactoryto
some

under

consideration.

would
a

The

as

be

methods

to

look

to

practical

they are applicable in
timation,
incomplete in their es-

majority, if

relative

practicalrecommendations

disease

its members

is

this country,

the

it did

not

treatment

commonly

contain
of

the

pursued con-

The

396

Archives

Dentistry.

of

VULCANIZING.
JOHN

BY

There
ber

than

other

any

Mechanical
"The

the
be

should

proper

lowered
is

and

inch

cube

cold

water.

find the

we

In

maintained

this

at

Richardson's

following:

gradually until the
vulcanizing temperature, when
heat

rub

vulcanizing of

dentist.

a

black

of

experiments, all
long time to run up
rubber,

Sawed
The

I formed

run

dicates
in-

thermometer
the

flame

until

point

the

cube

cube

that

it

on

it stood

them

to

320

should

tion
vulcaniza-

in

disproving

the
A

degrees.

cessity
ne-

half

minutes, startingwith

the

through

invested

was

of

in fifteen

up

middle

and

found

plaster in the middle

of

a

the
flask.

nearly as possiblethe shape of a
the end of a wire, having a coil on
the
other
the
near
upright,holding the rubber
top of

Bowspring rubber,

cube, mounted
so

of

taking

piece solid.

as

boiler.

Put

the

little water

but

surrounded
mass

Not

in the

denture, invested
removed

the

heat

it in

whole.

in fifteen

up

entire

the

mass

made

were

Coolidge

the

of black
rubber, that
larger mass
in vulcanizing. I took a large
porous
as
plasterin a flask in such a manner

one

end

solid

and
a

be

a

entire

with

space

minutes, let it stand

with

would

rubber

it solid.

found

I filled the

and, after sawing from
found

tried

that

320"; after vulcanization, sawed

to

and

liable to become

lower

run

middle

being satisfied,I
most

be

boiler, so

Heated

by steam.
through the

being
to

359,

the

raised

be

the

number

a

of

the

by the

LOUIS.

ST.

S.,

completed."

I made

end

B.

regarding

used

process

Dentistry, page

heat

I).

HARPER,

less known

be

to

seems

G.

to

the

other

at

black
320"

through

rubber,
hour,

one

the

middle,

The
thoroughly vulcanized.
Flask
Vulcanizer,
Hayes's Two

periments
ex-

ing
hav-

I found
the regulator
that when
Regulator.
turned
down
the gas, showing a pressure
of about
85
pounds, the
thermometer
only registered275", and rose to only 285".
On the same
in Richardson
is the following:
page
"Where
there is any considerable
unusual
or
body of rubber, the
a

time
one
or

taken
hour

to

Gas

raise the

heat

to

that

point

should

is heated
longer,for if the mass
sponginess of the thicker portions of the
or

ensue.

This

result

would

seem

to

be

too

rubber
due

be

extended

to

rapidly,porosity
will almost
to

the

tainly
cer-

energetic

Original
evolution

sulphuretted hydrogen
of which

elimination

proper
the

of

of the

body

and

the

the

quick heat,

a

in
with-

confined

gas

induration

surface

rapid

too

a

under

gas

is checked

by

mass

397

ArticlevS.

of

the

rubber."
Can

give

one

any

explanation of

an

the above?

CHEOPLASTIC
BY

delivered
the

lecture

a

B.

Helm

a

the

LOUIS.

Missouri

the

Dental

I

College,

above

senior

metal

cast

little bismuth.

in

ST.

S.,

D.

subject. I had the students write
written
lecture, and append the one
by

the

of the

"Cheoplastic or

D.

HAKPER,

of 1884-5,

on

subject after

Clinton

G.

the session

During

up

JOHN

METAL.

There

class:

Watt's,

which
are
metal, among
Kingsley's. Harding's, which
the

of nine

parts of tin

of sixteen

of tin to

different

several

are

to

was

first

the

bismuth, while

of bismuth.

one

formulas

In

tin,with

for

making
Harding's and

Weston's,

of

one

of

one

of

composed mostly

plates are

compounds,
Kingsley's

gettingup

a

sisted
consists
con-

plate,

cast

of
good impression,and for the model, use a mixture
equal parts; this preplasterand moulding sand or pumice, about
vents
take
and
of
the
model.
Next
of
a
piece
cracking
shrinkage
the thickness
wax
plate,and form a base plate over
your
you wish
If the plate is to be cast to the teeth,you proceed the
the model.
first get

same

a

with

as

waxed

and

up

rubber

a

investment

has

hold
the

on

a

glass

glass the

a

To
over

case

parting material, so
the
well
is

and

hard,

the

teeth

to

are
a

plate and

the

that

be

for

nothing

will

is

case

the flask and

stop; this will

a

shoulder

to

up

same

lay

around

where

you

wish

the

rubber

for

best

it up

base
the

run

a

in

pretty

the

the
to

it up

heat

rubber.

the

and

wax

bubbles

heat

and

for

is

form

as

the

gathers

When

rubber, after

string well waxed
the lingual surface

form

remain

ing
cast-

when

the

soapstone

in the vent.

small
on

all

and

up

open

perfectlydry

or

finish

with

an

for vent;

perfectly dry,

till it shows

attached

is

in

case

set

instant; if moisture

an

Silex

dry.

teeth

remove

case

your

vent

is not

metal

from

remove

tell when

the

the

pour

made, take
the

When

metal.

the

flasking. Invest the
place for pouring and one

separate the flask and

is hard

diy thoroughly.
and

have

for

ready

flask,which

till you

case

metal
When

plate is
edge

rubber

of
to

against.

398

The

Take

six

Archives

Dentistry.

of

old teeth
and
eight platinum pins from
place them
around
the ridge in the wax,
that
on
so
they will be cast in the
their
of small gimp tacks and
them
set
on
plate,or take a number
heads

or

in the

and

wax,

when

they will be
the
plaster, and

left

poured
from

in the form

bent
and

of attaching the

teeth

hold

to

plate from

the

remove

the

the

is the

in

the

rubber.

the

instrument
as

same

is

investment

of the

plaster;pull them
metal
is poured, it will fill
be
these little projections can

plates,and

hooks

of

half

other

sticking

when

left in the

holes

the

up

the

Pour

and

trim.

metal

in any

metal

your
The

process

with

case

rubber

attachments."
the

pouring

In

flask is

metal, it is well

full,in order

drive

to

out

to

continue

any

air that

to

may

after

pour

held

be

in

the
the

metal.
I

the

compared
with

weight

of

a

cheoplasticmetal

a

gold plate,rubber

full upper

plate, rubber

ment,
attachResult

attachment.

follows:

as

rubber
plate,
Cheoplasticmetal

attachment,

Gold

platesfor

.

mouth

same

-

600

-

"

"

Both

-

and

.

.

plain

same

520

.

used

teeth

in

grs.
"

both

cases.

I also

compared

metal, rubber

rubber

full upper

a

plate

attachment, resultingas

and

one

of

tic
cheoplas-

follows:

mouth.
platesfor same
Rubber
420 grs.
plate,plain teeth,
660
Cheoplastic metal, plain teeth, rubber attachment,
Previous
to placing the waxed
a
mould, make
stringon the wax
small groove
just where you wish the stringto be placed, lay the
string in this groove, and a little waxing will complete this part
Both

"

-

of the

work.

MENTHOL
finds that

Rosenberg
menthol, which
for

the latter

those
is

more

of the

AS

as

an

nose,

evanescent

If. Y.

twenty

ANESTHETIC.

or

thirty per

cent,

solution

of

cheaper than cocaine, is-a useful substitute
anesthetic
to mucous
surfaces,like
aj^plicatiou
the pharynx and the larynx. Although its effect
than

applicationproduced
"

LOCAL

is much

cocaine, it appears to be somewhat
ater
a long interval;the latter
repeated,even

cumulative, for. when

one.

a

A

Med.

a

Jour.

that

of

longer period of

anaesthesia

than

the

earlier

Dental

Societies.

DENTAL

399

SOCIETIES.

AMERICAN

DENTAL

Twenty-Fifth

ASSOCIATION.
Annuai,

kepobted

by

mrs.

Meeting,

m.

w.

j.

The

Dental
ciation
AssoIwenty-fifthannual meeting of the American
held
at
was
Minneapolis, commencing
August 4, 1885.
the largestand the most
successful
was
meeting ever held by
association.
The
attendance
was
unusually large,about
400;

This
this
the

number

not

been

of

admitted

members

new

103.

was

This

number

approached at any previous meeting. The
marked
by deep and thorough scientific research

were

and

Delegates
and

were

local
of

Orleans,
East

and

from

J. N.
to

of

were

earnest

present from

all the

Societies,the
the

District

all

Dental

Universities.

several

West,
meeting

The
Dr.

discussions

the

of

and

read

papers
and

has

gation,
investi-

animated.

trict
prominent State, Dispartments
DeColleges,and the Dental
most

From

Columbia

New
to

the

England
far

to

New

North, South,

alike

impartiallyrepresented.
called to order at 10 a. m.
was
by the President,
voted
deCrouse, of Chicago. The first morning session
was
the work
of organization,the usual
routine
ports
business, re-

committees,

were

etc.

E.

Dr.

of Committee, asked
that
the
Parmly Brown, Chairman
Committee
tendance
appointed at the last meeting, for securing larger atof lapsed members, be discharged,further
efforts being
of the present large attendance.
tion
Informaunnecessary by reason
who
had lost their membership by
was
given that old members
non-attendance

were

half

non-payment

of

dues,

would

be

reinstated

on

Committee
years' past dues.
discharged. Drs.
of Minneapolis, Gardiner
of Chicago, and Field of Detroit,
to make
for
the
appointed a specialcommittee
arrangements
to Clinics.
day devoted

payment
Smith

of

and
two

The

400

The

Publication
almost

done

and

were

the

to

That

cost

to

the

due

to

Mr.

business

organization in 1856,
and published for the
of Dr.

motion
ordered

H.

bound

the

in

past

a

Geo.
of

H.

Dr.

Dr.

Article

amend

of

4

till next

time

Adjourned

which

8

to

order

one

Painless

Iowa,
Dr.

E.

8

p.

Committee

in

On

the

at

H.

from

Dr.

of time

The

President

stated

prove

more

A.

motion

a

"first

to

day"
Tues-

This

lays

as

been

the

tions
Secing
hav-

able

to

chair.

in the
announced

three

New

York,

papers

Pyorrhea

on

Mich.,

Robinson, of Jackson,
from

one

Also

Its

Dentistry:

a

Past, its
left

was

titled
en-

kuk,
IngersoU, Keo-

L. C.

Dr.

Membrane.

Dental

over

by
ing
Encouragpaper

from

last

reading.
accepted.

was

reported

He

J.

for

Chairman

of

Future, which

Treasurer

not

of

roll of

calling the

Essays

Atkinson,

entitled

The

had

notice

read.

Alveolar

motion, the report

he

Dr.

Necrology.

on

President

The

m.

be

W.

The

lack

by

York, and

SESSION.

Operations, and

on

his duties

New

by Sections, sixty-three
first morning session.

Voluntary

on

Parmly Brown,

from

ing
death, dur-

the

members

Present, its Brilliant
year

were

m.

p.

at

Dr.

from

Alveolaris;

On

Transactions

of

Carolina, gave

new

recommended

they

One

Association.

the

Taft, Spalding (of St. Louis)

consumed

was

Association

Committee

The

osity.
generits very-

original MSS.

the

announced

Ambler,

EVENING

to

their

by strikingout
substituting"fourth Tuesday."

enrollingthe

joined the

Called

dered,
ren-

year.

Considerable
and

for

Constitution

the

and

(inAugust),

a

of

manner.

Drs.

Moore, of South

T.

T.

from

been

thanks

Association, from
of

Cushing,
G.

had

assistance

Co.

Cincinnati, the

J.

work

that the

valuable

of members

appointed

were

of the

substantial

more

for

compiled

Smith, of

year,

Atkinson

over

been

Forbes, of St. Louis.

Isaiah
and

A.

Hise

Manufacturing

benefit

their

that

Association, and

minutes

had

Secretary,Dr.

The

announced

S. S. White

the

Dentistry.

of

Committee

without

Committee

the

Archives

a

balance

his time

that

of the
prepare

hoped the results
acceptable than

on

hand
had

the

of

customary

speech.

$1,948.95.

been

Committee

of his labors
a

of

on

so

fully occupied

Arrangements,

that

formal

dress.
Ad-

the

Annual

Committee

would

Societies.

Dental

He

would

ask

only

the

members

together merely

not

come

but

that

had

they

between

legitimatework
annual

do.

to

work

more

He

be

done

have

a

would

make

the

by

they did
good time,

that

two

ommendations:
rec-

various

tions
Sec-

work
facilitating
during
the Session; and, second, that the Association
make
appropriations
for legitimatescientific
work, and originalinvestigationin the
Sections; that this would be the most appropriatedispositionof the
annual

the

mind

in

bear

to

elect officers and

to

that
first,

401

thus

meetings,

income.

This

received
with
propositionwas
hearty approbation, and a
Committee
appointed to consider the subject.
SECTioisr VII,
Physiology and Etiology, reported through Dr.
A. H. Thompson, Topeka,
Kansas, Sec pro tern., a paper by Dr.
C. Barrett, Buffalo, N. Y., entitled, The
W.
Earthy Phosphates.
Also a recommendation
that the Association
appropriate the sum
of $200
for the prosecution of scientific investigation,
tion
by SecVII.
Brief

of

summary

Dr.

Barrett's

The

paper:

subjectof

of the
rise to

earthy phosphates to pregnant women
plausibletheories and elaborate speeches on

many

demands
teeth

her

of her

of the

consequentlybecoming
going to form those

teeth
cited

were

fcetus,the system

of

salts to the
Failures

the

mother

But

found

quite as
is attempted.
had

and

child,
teeth

as

were

In the

but

was

lime-salts
the

of

the growing

mother

being robbed,
decaying, the hme-salts

and

the

given

child, etc..
the

Incidents

etc.

administration

of

lime-

where

lack

to

of

reported,or,

not

were

faithfulness

in

earthy phosphates are most
dystrophic conditions exist there
teeth

fully
faithwill be

where

nothing of the kind
early experimented in this direction,

had

his first

if

structio
followingin-

the

defective
he

results

case

a

as

marvelous

success.

The

lady's

had

In the case
of the second
deplorable teeth.
the seeming result of the administration
of lime-salts,
the
febrile
remarkably fine,and were
erupted without
any
etc.

next

case,

the fifth

those

desired

where

said

He

had

disturbance,
It

many

considered

first child

the

even

administered,

of

results

.ibuted

at

were

soft

had

ministra
ad-

prevent all this.

to

obtain

to

mentioned,

wonderful

of the

the

of
with

however,

child; the

the

mother

most

only reallybad

the

teeth

of

results
the

were

first four

abnormally soft. He
confident
expectations,but
denture
in the family.

quite the contrary.
were
fairlygood,
administered
the

fifth child

the
had

The

402

The

result

Archives

the

of

first

Dentistry.

of

case

was

repeated, and

never

and

experience had finallyled him to abandon
the practice. The
study of physiology and

him

to

The

facts

conclude
also

demonstrated

was

teeth

the

due

was

show

however,

to

lack

they

is

the

why
No

erroneous.

mineral

The

kingdom

and

nivorous

animals.

organized
food

elements; they

elements

then

organized; they

carnivora

The

food
take

cannot

the

theory

nourishment

ter.
digest inorganic matup by the vegetable

taken

become

second

a

time

carnivora.

for the

the

by

elements

for gram-

the mineral

elements

before

gramnivora
is omnivorous

*Man

become

they

and

is true
for

disturbance; they

create

a

are

the

that

toothless

The

calcium

eral

kingdom,

but

food

uses

or

bricks

assimilated

from

If this

were

a

is not

build

not

and

and

are

the

within
of

walls

not

the

tem,
sys-

irritant
It

but

it is

for food.

body

which

assimilated

There

organic,
in-

are

directly.

directly from the min
the
organism and appropriated.
bodies
our
physical
by
of lime

carbonate

The

mortar.

are

assimilated

is elaborated

be

cannot

oyster shells,but from
so

it would

singular fact that

organized

not

ments
ele-

mischievous.

inorganic matter,

iron, but which

cannot

swallowing

birds, but

swallow

class

of the bones

We

twice

useless

purpose,

for instance

as

It is

either

serving as teeth,and
proximate principlesin the human

mechanical
some

*

are

be

must

twice organized.
whether
once
or
indifferently
introduced
The
directly into
earthy phosphates, when
will be eliminated
unchanged, or they will act as an
and

them,

cal
physiologi-

are

derive

can

cannot

be

must

effect

may

There

system

Nutritive

be.

may

excess

an

the

nutritive;that

not

are

system
from

Dystrophy

class of animals

or

the

organized by the vegetable kingdom, bth, they

when

even

order

Later

diet

manifest.

not

are

decay of
computations,
that

many

eliminated

the

slow.

phosphates

mineral

directlyfrom

what

very

of

furnishes

always

are

dental

the

ago

of fine flour.

phosphates.

alone

matter

changes in the teeth are
but progressivechanges
reasons

of

forced

phosphates.

the

years

satisfaction

the

fine flour

during gestation,no

few

denunciations

a

that

A

theory

the

nutrition

administer

to

against it.

to

that

lime-salts,and

of

all

were

useless

was

filled with

journals were
It

it

that

both

tinued
long-con-

unfit

innutritions.

of the mammalia,

not

of the

most

for food
There
the

be

pabulum.
possiblefor

animals

Their

themselves.
are

that

exceptions

flesh-eaters

are

the

human

race

require their food
flesh
among

themselves

is

rank,
fishes

uneatable.

palatable
un-

and

The

404

remedial

Now

agents.

and

dog

It

that

said

was

animals

some

carnivorous,

ar*;

remedy.

a

Dentistry,

of

know

we

cat, which

the
as

Archives

that

eat

in

grass,

the

animal

clay; the

eat

certain

system

ditions,
con-

not

w^as

knows
appropriate inorganic material, but every one
that if chickens
are
deprived of lime their eggs will have no shells,
We
deficiencyin the system.
indicatingsome
mystify ourselves
to

competent

talking of organic

Dy

taken

and

elements.

inorganic

When

lime

has

by vegetation it is still lime and no less inorganic.
The
inorganic salts are taken indirectly through the vegetable
the less inorganic because
of passing
kingdom, but they are none
been

up

through

the

and

the

soil exhausted

the

soil

supply

to

patientsand

aid

The

animal

future

assimilation

of

for

gives form

any

group

"

food-habit
of

is lime

There

diet.

and

the

what

they

carniverous;

family

human

fluid

of

cup
teeth

delegated

he

he

The

it thus

the horse"
Diet

aids

when

makes

he

trition.
nu-

said

animal;

the

the

to

diet, and

new

the whole

the result

are

the

structure,

of

food-habit.

The
has

must

a

go

down

Polar

break

Their

stomach.

the

down;

food

molar

contained

lime

universal

are

truly
from

In

the

have

food.

function

the

is

always

tooth

exercised; hence

teeth

in hand.

of

in

because

bear

grinding

mouthful

each

is

Similar

teeth

who

"

difference

their

hand

an

system

water.

same

carnivorous;

are

mountains

wash

a

Their

has

been

enough, but
pathological

caries.
he

wished
the

said, it is truly an

theories,and

meat

benefit

by lime-water;

iarge class of children

formerly

was

can

to

to
man

congratulateDr.
excellence io

par

IJarrett

uphold

on

the

his

theory

cries down.

now

our

to

we

given

of lime-salts.

diet.

function

a

soon

said

Atkinson

tooth

the

and

hand

a

Dogs

of

is

not

called

growth;
As

the

were

condition

he

at

to

teeth

Dr.

there

cases

certain

character

of their

bear

soft, and

are

similar

Food

diet.

different

the

the

be

earth, in the air,in the

the

because

are

must

organism. Take
carnivorous, gramnivorous, herbivorous

food-habit.

same

by vegetation

up

lime

administration

tooth-forms

on

made

has

certain

a

more

before

cart

it to

different

The

the

by
"the

change the diet, accustom

changed.

In

is relieved

made

was

is taken

element,

crops.

essayistgot

food-habit

the

of this

fermentation

Stomach

the animal

Lime

vegetable kingdom.

may
same

be

to

pass

another
article may

ea?y

by

man's
be

thing

all that

to

find

is the

testimony in

contrary.

favor

-'One

of

man's

poison."
food, medicine

or

poison according

to

Societies.

Dental

conditions, acting by
in the

by deficiencies
of words.

ment

with

so

There

doom.

the
We

words.

gods; be sure we
complicated. We
is produced,

right,then

are

have

must
or

we

ahead.

go

ability

the
hammer

may

subject is very
comjirehend how pabulum

to

in

away

multiplicityof assumption

A

The

vain

till the

crack

is held

of

with

value

equal

of

of statement.

correct, serial,orderly arrangement

be

must

roused

energies

organic and inorganic is simply a bedevilthe highlatest upheavals of mountains
are
est,
false
must
views; tear down
modify our

of

As

latent

awakening

system.

classification

The

of

reason

4n,:)

facts.
cult
hunger? It is diffiIt is an
to comprehend.
awakening of latent energies. We
not
are
hungry in the stomach, but where the pabulum has been
without
said
that
salt
Some
out
burnt
out.
one
being
passes
changed; he had better revise his animal chemistry.
What

is the

All

the

dead

as

a

and
know."

don't

tooth

is the

that

the
called

basis

the

as

first,and

of

so

does

wisest

in

statement.

a

habit

of

grasp

the

has

cent,

forms

lungs

been

simply

can

the

is

priated;
appro-

say, "We

teeth; that

the

tooth-form; rather

matter

the

of

ghost

a

all

things. Scientists,soassumption. An assumption
An
cels
opposite assumption can-

The

awakening of latent energies in sorenders
them
capable of acting. Physicists

on.

inorganic matters
not
are
willing to

food

of

mother

called,materialists, are
is made

the

says

It is assumed

!

call

we

has

Another

food-habit

the

demand

the

passed within the
door-nail,although only four per
with salt.
Of some
so
things we
that

oxygen

as

of

nature

admit

that

there

is any

in the

power

atom.

salt
8paldin"j. Does Dr. Atkinson
say that common
does not pass through the system unchanged?
I deny it. There
be a change in the salt,as
Dr. Atkinson.
must
there is in the oxygen.
Oxygen that has passed through the lungs
Dr.

C

W.

"

"

is nil for human

appropriated.
extent

same

Dr.
does

with

Atkinson.

Dr.

Frank
the

instance

lime
had

been

has
not

been
to

the

oxygen.
to

Dr.

A.

"

Shall

we

report you

as

saying that

salt

unchanged?

reappear

Dr.

with

Salt has

Spalding
not

only four per cent,
similarlychanged, though

inhalation, though

"

I don't

Abbott.

"

care;

Said

he

phosphates, with
there

been

marked

report what
had
the

gone
same

please.
through the experiments
you

results.

impi'ovement.

In
All

no

but

particular
one

case

The

406

had

failed.

He

Archines

had

obtained

"

of lime

not

one

given

was

human

teeth.

Has

right thing. The
been found; perhaps

form

for the

phosphorus

lime-phosphate for
however, do

that

nausea,

every

they

defective, but

is the

that

elements

the

parts,
form

of

sufficient

circumstances,

trouble

the

of

the

not

stant
rejected,from confood the
quantity

their

cause

certain

is

much

has

three

food

in certain

from

This

with

taken

were

their
ulate
stim-

to

previously been depressed. We
defective; probably other
organs

had
are

cannot

we

Ladies

the

looking

is

buy

we

Except
ordinary

in his

obtain

still

in

do

speaker said
latent energies that
teeth and know
they

also

lactic-acid;lime

so

not

Lacto-phosphate
remedy

assimilated

in

takes

more

fails with

is

phosphate

enough food;

One

teeth.

leg but

it will be

formula.

healed

needed

the

purpose.

nutrition.

required for

because

person

retain

not

lime

much

rabbit's

in which

ordinary

fail,but every

we

the

is dissolved

is the

one,

with

broken

having

two

nothing.

the

as

than

treatment

yet given up all hope, but

not

it

world

the

to

It succeeded

phosphate;

treated, proves

so

teeth.

the

with
"

for the

food

results

experiments with rabbits
with
treated
lacto-phosphate of

legs that one
readily than the

pure

better

no

In certain

without.

not

Dentistry.

of

see

them

as

do

we

the

see
are

in

teeth; hence

only we recognize the deficiency.
the mother
Dr. Pierce.,
was
Philadelphia. I said that food-habit
with
If we
of tooth-forms.
a
pair of dividers
go into a museum
of the
and examine
the lower
jaw of any animal, placing an arm
dividers
the condyle and describing the valleysin the teeth; in
on
the latter organs

"

will find that

condyles, we
of

mother

the
of

movement

enamel

on

the

the

movement

the

of

crowns

labial

surface

enamel

dentine; the

the

the

on

and

always sharp.

the

the

has

been

the

the

teeth, through

the

the

centre,

jaw.
cementum

incisors

eral motion;
with

the

and

crown,

and

of

shapes

the

between

half-way
of the jaw

arm

class,the carnivora, lias dentine

One
the

animals, placing the

class of

another

is

not

movement

in

cementum

The

jaw

class

another

roots;

on

of

the
the

on

the

crown,

of

the

jaw

on

has

the

palatinesurface,

rodent

has

side

but
has

enamel

by
the

given

a

lastside

tooth-

form.
Dr.
to

say

L.

C.

that

IrKjcrsoU,Keokuk,
tooth -form

and

Iowa, asked
functions

were

Dr.

Pierce

if he

governed

by

meant

food-

habits.
Dr.

Pierce.

The

necessityfor anything provides

its

presence.

Dental

In the

absence

causes

nutrition; if nutrition

stomach

is the

the

chewing

but
mother

of

Function

of nutrition.

is absence

part, function

another

delegated to

and

W.

the

by

the

is much

I still adhere

seen

question whether

a

formation

the

of

formation

the

of

Is cud-

teeth.

double-stomach?

of the

There

obscurity in many
the
principle that

to

food-habit

The

is

function

modifies

the

the

alimentary
and

herbivorous

of

comparative anatomy

opment,
devel-

of

forms

animals.

carniverous
G.

of

organization.

canal, as is
Dr.

it

result

mother

Pierce.

Dr.

tion

is

Ingersollconsidered

Dr.

the

there

it.

follows

the

of function

4""7

Societies.

If the

Spalding.
"

of

measurement

the

food-habit

jaws,

controls

I would

conforma

the

ask

when

habit

the

of the first animal?
governed the conformation
originated? What
if
If the development of stomach
and teeth
is contemporaneous
need
indicate
the
for
the stomach
the teeth
only develops when
"

solid

food
If

about

child

a

stomach?
who

how

"

of two

There

has

is

had

never

the

a

stomach

when

old has

yeais

the

erupted

fail

teeth

has

teeth,

no

to

pear?
ap-

it

no

Pennsylvania who is forty years old,
teeth; he is in vigorous health, though he
in

man

any

stomach?
Has he no
sweat-glands and has no hair.
ing
readThe
results of
Dr.
Sitherwood, Bloomington, Iowa.
my
and observation
with the position taken in the paper.
agree
Too
There
are
good.
seeming exceptions,but the rule holds

has

no

"

confidence

much

been

always

months

ten

the

child

mineral

should

placed

in

feeding

friend

of children.

Our

physician has

old.

experience than
the

is

I

elements,

no

even

of

more

I left at

the

medicine

as

had

only

Since my
arrival
vegetable stimulants.
and the child is improving rapidly. The
for salt in the

and
to

yet; but
elements
Dr.
that

the

I have
of

rule; but
no

faith

human
we

in

home

had

forms

two

not

Nebraska.

"

We

are

assuming

Dr.
Atkinson
assumes
fully sustain.
we
are
hungry, the hunger is not in the stomach, but
that needs
to be supplied.
My experience is that as
cannot

and

lime

for eggshells,

apparent

ceptions
ex-

things

these

substances

as

nutrition.

King, Lincoln,
we

no

dispatches

two

necessityof

that

milk

cow's

pure

more

foods;"

"infant's

I have

system

orders

I gave

fully understand
administering mineral

do

child,

sick

a

twenty-five years'

patent
"

I have

substances.

I left home

have, but when

have

mineral

things

some

when

that
iu
soon

the
as

part
the

408

The

is

stomach

yet readied.

not

of the

lime-salts

Atkin"on.
it

prove

is

in the

seen

the

though
Dr.

that

stomach

here,

come

prepared

not

tissues
and

pabulum

Thirst

been

more

stomach.

Our

that

fluids in the

fed

satisfied,

the

subject
We

nomenclature

is

to.

stomach,

but

the

deficient.

The

ger
hunwith

with

mas.
ene-

it is also satisfied

veins.

intervention

the

come

stomach

satisfied

fluid into

without

the

Supply

satisfied;but it is also

be

can

is

want

adhered

by
quickly by injectingthe

tissues

the

belt,

transmit

to

as

the

when

who,

closely
but
should
elementary principles,
fundamental, basal principles. The

is satisfied

just as
Certain

is

so

I wish

"

is felt in the

hunger

contact,

discussion).

had

discuss

to

Indian

the

in

not

to

filled.

the

comprehend

to

of the

elements, and

paper

is

hunger

hand, will, by tightening his

at

food

(to close

in the

proof that
practiceof
in closer

is not

tration
adminis-

the

from

expected immediately.
is impugned
I want
either

stomach

contains

Barrett

presented

The

is not

results

the

I say

common

hungry and food
bring the walls of his
blood

be

what

corrected.

he is

the

Marked

cannot

When

"

be

or

stomach

Dentistry

of

filled,hunger is satisfied,
though the parts that need

suppliesare
Dr.

Archives

of

the

ach.
stom-

organic

terms

and

inorganic are

unsatisfactory.
is inorganic. Because
terminology are very

Water
and

has

in

terms

common

its

paucity of words
unsatisfactory;but

discourse.

common

exceptions)that
under

of

the

It is the

animal

use,

must

we

law

general
under

economy,

trophic conditions, can

ture
nomencla-

our

use

(which
stances,
circum-

no

nutrition, inorganic

as

substances.
The

vegetable organizes the inorganic; then the animal
One
speaker cited, as a triumphant refutation, that

it.

for

necessary
it

simply

affords

is egg,

without

or

of the
forms

no

Dr.

Barrett.

go

Dr.

on,

lime

J.

is

if the

Friedrichs.

I do

not

You

stated

or

out

was

egg

per

forms

this

the

body,

of

incubation
for

Orleans.

of

lime

se;
ering,
cov-

external

with

takes

side
place outprotection, but

"

like to

question is
"

in

required

itself

lime

The

the

take

egg.

When

Friedrichs, New
"

portion of

no

whether

lime-salt.

part of the egg

G.

but

or

the

to

is ovum;

body,

Dr.

shell is

protection.

essential

ovum

shell

The

extraneous

it is not

but

Egg

eggshells.

can

"

have

I ask

May

one

argument

my

question?
interrupted,

importance.
that

the

shell

was

no

part of

the

lime

from

true, the
Dr.

shells

physiology

on

form

to

remark

The

"

is

Their

play

Chloride

part in nutrition

no

fluids

certain

flint and

I like

roll of butter.

a

of flint and

steel

steel

we

the

can

the

be

ried
car-

strike

From

the

tire

sion
concus-

With

truth.

fire of

ments.
ele-

changes

cannot

we

discussion.

strike

it

exosmosis

and

ic
inorgan-

into tissues.

essential

other

but
get fire,

we

sharp

may

not

built up

osmosis;

osmosis

that

so

proved

some

to

that

has
are

"

essential

is

shell; thei'efore the shell is

solution

in proper

sodium

From

on.

is

incubation

When

shells.

Atkinson

Dr.

ovum.

hold

to

of

density of
from

the

to

part is

this

Animals

answering.

worth

not

oviparous have eggs without
place within the body there is no

elements

sorb
ab-

the young

is essential.

shell

essential

that

therefore, if

the bones;

are

takes
not

the

Barrett.

which

in works

it is stated

Now,

egg.

409

Societies.

Dental

gard
re-

In
the
carlength of the alimentary canal.
in
the
nivora it is five times the length of the body;
omnivora,
This
the
teaches
that
higher the organization of
thirtytimes.
pabulum the shorter the digestivetract; or, as a general law, food
twice
elements
that have been
organized require a shorter digestive
administration
time
of
For a long
ti'act.
we
taught the
earthy
child.
This
of the
phosphates to the mother, for the nutrition
similation.
was
through a misconception of the process of digestion and asthe

to

The

average

Nature

source.

the carbonate
the
or

or

of lime

phosphate
Dr.

form

Pierce

these
lime

rocks

and

build

lime

of the

is

already organized,having
by these microscopic animals.
Dr.

Barrett.

"

from

Do

you

call the

the

known

ready-made

any

system.
that

made

are

of the

out

in extent, and

miles

are

into

Paris

cityof

taken

was

it up

It is well

"

The

elements

a

(by consent).

the foundation

animals.

these

If the tissues need
ready-made garment.
within
phosphate of lime they will be elaborated
the system will not take
the
inorganic carbonate
abhors

but

system,

take

will not

system

the
up

by

thousands

of

feet

up

and

taken

product

which

of infusorial

these

sea

been

rocks

infusoria;

deep.

of

the

coral

the

lime

that

This

assimilated

polyp

ganized
or-

'?

Dr.
in

It is

"

as

much

organized as

is taken

up

grain.
Dr.

do

Pierce.

not.

Barrett.

"

Vegetables

do

take

it up

and

organize it; animals

410

Archives

The

Morgan^

Dr.

that
habit.

He

Whenever
mental

is

physical,it
is

There

call for,

a

sumed
as-

of

calcium, and

horse."

Type

created

it.

by

forms

The

ified
mod-

were

type

also

was

use.

expressed in

carries

with

need

animal

the

it

of satisfaction.

promise

a

of, the

salts

desire

a

economy,

of

of

potassium, or
has provided the supply everywhere; but
of introducing the crude
inorganic material

nature

idea

deprecated the

the
not

were

and

want

a

or

before

cart

exercise

by

had

speaker

one

due to fooddevelopment was
ing
development followed
type, the type be-

that

habit, but

food

modified

that

of force.

got "the

had

by

peculiarcharacter

fact was,

result

the

Nashville, Tenn,, said

the

The

Dentistry.

of

or

a

he
as

nutrition.
The

link

not

was

was
potentiality

A

into

administer
the

its introduction

ground

do

we

into
that

blood

salts of
know

not

between

organic

mineral

to

human

chemical

the

system, but

broad

conveyed
The

the system.

clear

very

iron
how

the

system.

He

these

elements

were

iron

has

increase

much

vitalityit
not
prepared

never

the

taken

was

We

it.

and

was

inorganic.

it

after

matter

always

and

may

quantity in
gains after
take

the

incorporated into

the

to

system.
is

There

it in the
material

the

very

the

system, and
than

supply
much

of

it

crude

form.

incrusted
can

is needed

When

the

on

teeth.

appropriate.

Ten

is

them
The

are

being

times

or

is eliminated

inferior,

very

off

thrown
has

system

troducin
in-

for

necessity

no

the teeth

improve

to

necessary

food, and

by
larger

a

times

twenty

as

superfluous.This

by the system as
of the perfectlyhealthy body.
The
similation.
great trouble is in asIt is digested but not approj^riated. When
the matter
assimilation
is regulated there will be no question of administering

as

is true

in all

inorganic matter

lime-salts.
Dr.

J. J. 11.

Patrick, Belleville,111.,said it had

established

was
point that all matter
two
great divisions, organic and inorganic, and
three great kingdoms, the mineral, vegetable and
as

was

the

the

an

order

the

"

vegetable,and that of the
it. Some
vegetables and
must

once

of creation

exist before

created, higher forms

the

mineral
animal

animals

consumer.

become

kingdom,
which

The

possible.

been

included

nized
recogin

there

that

animal, and
the

that

forerunner

The

animal

animal

of

out
with-

others, but the

simpler

the
were

impossible

was

antedate

long

sumed
con-

forms

kingdom

4i-

The

structure, but

is

holding
contains

Archives

only

the

larger mass

a

protoplasm

forty elements;

of

in

animal

differ

teeth

it is very

and
infinitely,

appropriate

for

for

instance, and

all

are

much

turns

animal

tissues

the

ability

the

tion
administra-

upon
to

animal

and

organs

tissues

mineral

"

vegetable elements

other

many

but

constant,

regard

building up

while

poisonous,

or

With

protoplasm
been
analyzed

not

different

elements.

food; neither

not

are

The

question

matter

has

is almost

the whole

certain

of mineral

dense.

terials
rigid ma-

Vegetable

protoplasm

Vegetable protoplasm
protoplasm differs greatly.
In the

protoplasm, with

place.

exactly.

so

Dentistry.

of

so-called

our

ments
ele-

food.

phine,
Morinal
medic-

vegetable products, are

of

food

to

is

really

medicinal.
We
the

direct

cannot

In

need.

most

it will

that

in

point
select
from

the

benefit

administration
one

any

T.

for

was

He

had

known

that

from
of

a

till it had

feet

had

suitable

form.

been

given,

when

way

supplied.
and

this is

effect.

we

is the
and

they
certain

great

one

able

not

derive

to

or

be

cannot

weak

use,

what

to

sustenance

results

advanced
on

for

that

they

the

had

crawl

to

a

administration

stopped eating

system

The

similar

which

is satisfied

administration

continuous

perhaps
done,
not

the
tlie

years,

always
the

show

seashore

in
of

of
a

the
of

necessary'

that

say

anecdote

theory

be

may

cannot

we

when

their

one

lime

and

to

In

it is because
Thus

the

fish-eating for

great

a

for

elements

one

is

element

produce

child,or in

the

fancy; it

proper

these

in

cod-liver

results.

administration

Agassiz,

fisherman's

not

two

space

plaster.

cravings,it is

an

and

wall

of

lime

the

such

the

plasteroff

lacto-phosphateof

child

ated.
appropri-

were

rickets, which
all the

instances

many

inorganic substances,

it would

eaten

suggested

have

women

It may

recall

was

with
that

When
the

could

and
chalk,
school-girleats slate-pencil
in the system.
craving for those elements

Darby quoted

Meeting

food

certainty;

the

a

of the

Until

who

is

pregnant

months,

Dr.

He

three.

there

is

own

he

child

inappeasable
pick the plasteroff

demand

pabulum

very

craving

appetite for lime

when

be

its

and

hunger

a

inference

same

the

Assimilation

may

said

Darby

the

oil had

of

organ.

organ

where

more

from

with

point

one

any

pabulum.

there

by

to

take

elements

proper

E.

Prof.
and

the

and

nutrition; one

the

where

elements

selective

are

organs

the

has

no

generation.
naturalist,

brain-development.

child

which

had

been

Dental

raised
it

was

had

fish-diet,but

on

him

pointed

out

"But

what

would

the

teeth.

replied:

to

413

Societies.

a

small

very

head
his

disproving

as

that

have

boy

deficient

and

He

theory.
if

been

brain,

quietly

had

he

not

eaten

fish?"
And

with

so

be

might

if the

lime-salts

Atkinson
had

function

of

in the

iron

of

inviting

magnet

it

state

the

neighborhood
in

oxygen

courtship
the

half

the

by

the

lungs

and

appropriation
be

to

an

by

the

Just
4

per
This

cent,

respiratory
half

coloring
of the

system,

it

a

equivalent

In

and

in

when

demand

breaking

with

oxygen

non-magnet
be

to

of

for
of

up

sesqui-oxide

tracts,

with

marrying.

greater

a

The

corpuscles
not

ter
mat-

blood;

iron.

of

the

to

the

which
thus

goes,

carried

be

again polarized by
fittingit again

oxygen,

and

oxidation

the

are

prime

in nutrient

movers

and

activity.
within

once

unfit
96

but

the

making

oxygen

other

the

loosely-held

corpuscle, leaving

oxygenating

made

or

the

for

sesqui-oxide

induces

is

What

merely

the

ent
differ-

thing by

name.

about

ation
Associ-

the

investigate principles.

constituent

a

tinuously.
con-

carrier.

Oxygenation
Oxygen

the

that

same

territory, the

tissues

of

the

courting

needy

of another

oxygen

denutrient

and

appropriating
the

is

throughout

of

equivalent

iron

fact
to

same

hang

to

carried

spent

de-magnetizing
to

of

oxygen

the

It is not

gives

grip,

this

is

oxide

oxygen

oxygenating

an

the

and

results.

begun

calling

system?

The

slight increase

in

things by

in the

blood.

and

right mind,

different

and

in

result

the

faithfully

great

happy

was

difficultylay

great

names,

he

work

what

telling

no

administered

it would

that

its

to

come

The

a

said

is

were

believed

He
Dr.

There

per
is

benumbed

to

the

has

process,

its
"

is thus

rendered

lungs,

bonds

respiration

support

cent,

of the

grasp

of

and

not

appropriated

affinityput

to

sleep,

killed.
unfit

for

the

system's

use,

and

appropriated.
oxygen

through vegetable

has

tissue

to

be

before

vivified, or
it is

use.

[to

be

continued.]

again

awakened
fitted

by
for

ing
passanimal

The

414

Archives

OF

PROCEEDINGS

Dentistry.

of

JOINT

THE
VALLEY

CONNECTICUT

HELD

SOCIETY,

THE

SOCIETY

DENTAL

DENTAL

MASSACHUSETTS

THE

AND

OF

CONVENTION

IN

WORCESTER,

MASSACHUSETTS,
JUNE
for the

Eeported

Archives

called

Convention

Societies

officers of both

11-30

at

On

it

voted. That

was

a

the

convention.

officers of the

the

Adams

President

by

m.,

motion

as

serve

a.

Leach, of Boston, presented

C

E.

Dr.

Maxfleld

A.

Geo.

by

S., Secretary.

Society.

Massachusetts

of the

D.

order

to

25.

Dentistry,

of

D.

AND

24

Case

in

man

of

"A

on

paper

Practice."
He

detailed

a

gave

of

account

which

conductor,

a

on
partial plate of vulcanite
After
repeated attempts
10, 1884.

forty years, who swallowed
five teeth, November
were

about

railroad

a
a

sachusetts
the plate,he was
to the Massent
family physician to recover
General
Hospital. There, after repeated trials to remove
the
into the stomach.
forced
down
Except from
plate,it was

his

by
the

in his

laceration

sever

pain

no

after

inconvenience.

or

it

imbedded

found

was

the
in

a

he

instruments,

the

by

months

Three

passed

accident, he

the

where

throat, caused

plate in
light grey

and

natural

the

ienced
exper-

fourteen

days

manner,

substance, much

sembling
re-

chyme.
DISCUSSION".

Leach, (in answer

Dr.
the

broad-shouldered
advised

to

Davis.

Dr.

I wanted
wire

said
not

she

had

felt any

whether

she

once

bring

fastened

patient for

I

"

to

food

farinaceous

largely of

eat

in his

to

some

out

the
time

swallowed
ill efects
had

ever

had
some

a

of

the
from
found

she

so

as

the
the
came

plate some
it.
the

He

lower

Have

it

case;

was

into
two

my

Had

asked

never

plate or

office

weeks

not.

to

tended.
dis-

regulatingplate.

a

incisors.

well

stomach

and

teeth

front

first

was

advised

was

the

keep

to

of

ataU,

was

He

jaw.

diet, but afterwards

similar

plate under
when

small

a

made

analysis was

ejected.

plate when

had

but

man,

cautious

be

"

the

surrounded

ball that

No

questions).

to

used
not
one

a
seen

day

before, but
the

girl

steel
the
and
had
since

Dental

JEames.

Dr.

a

Dr.

Meriam.

the

of

a

to

where

case

diet.

a

as

I knew

"

415

ordered
patient was
full.
keep all the organs
hasty-pudding was
scribed
pre-

where

case

large quantitiesof rice in order

take

to

I remember

"

Societies.

Subject passed.
Stevans.

Dr.

for I want

you,
teeth

molars

views

works

like

case

and

and

If you

a

had

something

that

would

use

some

to

aromatic

case

to

with

apply

and

be

with
the

sure

the

in to
warm

of

give

to

us

his

is

this
what

a

suflBcient

on

would

it,and

the

the

see

necks

Allow
dress

proportion
a

of

the

its full

it to

stand

it with
of each

a

paste of it.

than

in cold.

short

paste made

is not

tar,
tar-

ligament
Now,

You

that

would

would

in this

case,

then

to

where

see

was

coagulate

use, to

do

this,

then

microbes,

the

would

you
want

you

strength. Fii'st,in

avoid

a

of

it,or, if pus

from

teeth; watch

pockets, but

ament,
lig-

teeth.

do?

you

occlude

that

result

dental

the

you

to

m

dental

of the

of

something

over

observer.

retrograde metamorjDhosis?

the air away

put
scab

of

eous
heterogen-

a

keen

the

is not

occlusion

surface

with

only to
by a waste

disease

a

arrest

to

do

and

proper

would

fill the

acid.

weather

the

information

some

Atkinson

covered

are

destroy
soothing dressing. Now,

and

make

no

anything that I would
Pyoi-rheseAlveolaris, and

of

case

is caused

This

the

was

the

to

is

with

every

tie with

properly,
they
of
the necks
in place: dry thoroughly about
filled with
paper, then take a drop tube

teeth, then
the

teeth

make

teeth,

bibulous

and

there

It commenced

to

apparent

sulphuricacid

them

keep

clear

plasterto keep

and

of loose

a

is not

on

it,you

albumen

kept clean;

Dr.

asked

the parts

do

we

a

flowing from

use

is

lack

a

sore

it with

cover

ask

to

be

not

after.

by

must

and

like to get

retrograde movement,

a

then, what

the

This

comes

is caused

like

I could

"

this,where

is

that

as

I would

patient whose

a

case.

growth, the cause
loosening of the

This

I have

absorbed.

being

I would

gladly do.
a

is

before

bring

it.

all sound

are

like to

treatment.

"

this

Atkmso7i.

more

some

forward.

and

cause

upon

Dr.

get

process

Wetherbee.

Dr.

in

the

and
the

to

to

I would

subject that
light upon

a

loosening;they

are

tartar, but

as

I have

"

silk

the

teeth

the

acid

it goes

to,

irritating the mouth
time, like a pool, about
of
Tannin
and
ine',
Glycer-

material, only mix

You

will have

Just

tajce a piece of

to

use

more

enough
tannin

bibulous

nin
tan-

in

paper,

The

416

thicknesses

fold it several

lay it

paste and

the

Archives

to

by

the

acid, then

just repeat

the

treatment.

reached

smear
territory,

the

cover

If there

on.

Dentistry.

of

is

sack

a

will continue

pus

If there

with

not

been

that

has

flow

from

to

is any

it over

it; if

so,

there

foreign body

move
re-

recapitulate. First, see that the teeth occlude.
.Second, see that they are tirmly tied. Third, apply the acid, then
the dressing. By using this treatment
you will cure
every case.
Now

it.

Davis.

Dr.

of

necks
is easy

It is all very

"

the

teeth

Dr.

Atkinson.'

Dr.

Davis.

right back

and

Tou

them

There

"

a

a

chance

His

a

friend

For

"

jeweler.
different
is rolled

It

D.

Dr.

very

and

more

M.

it stay
I

in

am

than

ways

about

a

the

it

teeth?

upper

there, it will

quandary

a

only

use

one;

stick and

run

know

to

perseverance.
it

pump

I don't

napkins.

or

paper

of the

there,

up

I tell

what.

care

I want

disease, and
treatment

points to the syringe, that
irridium
a platinum and
use

costs

you

fit inside

hollow

give

and

then

roded
cor-

I

wire.
I

want.

manufacturing

a

and

he makes

as

The

purposes.
drawn

be

size

any

street,

for other

each

of Boston,

will not

pennyweight,

a

useful

soldered

thin, then

Clapp,

of Tremont

dollar

one

this for me,

makes

who

Warren,

W.

sizes that

to the proper

metal
size.

other,

read

a

paper

on

use

of

"Some

Methods

of

rubber

for

Teeth."

Wedging
See

mouth,

sizes I find it very

makes

He

make

are

in Boston

is Geo.

name

the

work.

by the acid, I
have

about

pockets, and

about

directions, for by using this
to

Meriam.

Dr.

I can't

I will stop the progress

patientsthat
to obey my

nature

into all the

runs

teeth, but how

little cotton

bibulous

protect with
the

acid

it stay there.

wind

can

it

the

put

say

syringe..

a

the

cover

AtJcinson.

Dr.

lower

but

Yes,

to

easy
that

see

Use

"

"

to make

how

and

it for the

do

to

to

page

385

of this number.
DISCUSSION.

L.

Dr.

D.

this purpose

methods
then
have

Sheparcl.
"

over

of Dr.

six years

Clapp,

of

ago.

It is

a

elastic

barbarous

method.

The

gaining a little separationand holding it,
and
holding that, and so on until you
is evidently more
humane, and
want,
our

number

they have neglected the best
thorough waxing of the tape is

purpose
The

of

gaining a little more
gained the space you

certain it is,that if any

the

I discarded

have
mode

not

of

essential.

tried

tape for

this

separatingthe teeth.
In
preparing the

I

wax

and

better

ironed.

than

Am

there

thymol and
simple wax;

is

Dr.

which
the
a

As

gum.

washer

wound

the

catch

to

At

separating,in
Barker.

Dr.

teeth

four

Amherst,

applying

a

I gave

ago,

years

the

near

but

ly,
thorough-

Another

it.

gestion
sug-

wedge

near

should

gum

I called

have

mode

of

Society.

the

Shepard's office

Dr.

at

this

for

reasons

my
before

I read

that

paper

"

only waxed

wooden

mention, the

not

firmer

wedge to slide upon, and so not
with
shoulders
out
a piece of quillwhittled
the wedge.
each side, then
pass it in above

Use

the

not

little

a

go into it more

not

about

it

for the

the gum

gum

on

did

Clapp

did

general rule the wedge

a

next

said

tape is

the

then

Clapp

to be

much

so

Dr.

that

sorry

this makes

resin,as

little

a

use

417

Societies.

Dental

and

saw

of

some

home
prepared tape, and he told me bow he used it. I went
I followed
in using it.
all
and prepared some,
but I had difficulty
to
of Dr. Shepard's instructions,but it seemed
slipand slide about
thick
sheet
rubber.
and I could
not
now
keep it in place. I use

the

insert

Can

1

tape.

allow

never

then

hours, and

rubber

thin

a

I

patient

a

to

rubber

the

over

of

idea

Dr.

to

introduce

twelve

(12)
of

Clapp's,

a

I have

been
able
not
good one, as
I always expect to
it off short with scissors.
take
six or
to cut
eight days in wedging to get space sufficient for filling.
Meriani.
-I think the suggestion of a knife a good one,
Dr.
but
back to Dr. Keep's idea, that a piece of pine wood
I have gone
is
knife

sharp

to

the

cut

is

able

not

was

wear

Think

tape.

use

I

where

tape,

a

"

the

best, because
if

.it,and

a

drop

in, it will form

the

to

with

soft foil and

used

for this
the

upon

is

Dr.

use

so

save

quite a

placed upon it after
pine stays in place and
matrix

copper

also

wedging,
I have

benefit.
he said

Wetherbee's

a

used

they give
short

A

did

he

it before

compress

is

The

of

stiffness which

preferred Dr.
a

the

I

water

tooth.

purpose.

Wetherbee's, and
with

of

two

or

Think

think

its softness.

of

method

to

allow

it

is
is

to

us

fine

Dr.
the

teeth

ago

like
of

you

I had

the

a

slow

having

the

are

put
fortable.
com-

spring steel can
Bogue's separators

time
not

will

insertinor

at

fill
be
and

work

patient of Dr.
separation, but

wedge

driven

mallet.

Wetherbee.

There

is

accounting for the latitude which
people take from a persistentimagination. I don't think that for
with a mallet.
I have driven
fifteen years
I do admit
a wedge
to
In these cases
the practiceof quick wedging.
have
we
derness
tennever
of the pericementum ensuing. Am
not
obliged to separate
"

no

"ilS

The

wide

so

drive

to

as

little space,

very

The
no

beginning
efticient
Br.

discovers

slow

such

"

a

of

00

a

require

file is sufficient.

the

of

use

Wetherbee

the

in with

wedge

anxious

is

narrow

going

to

fingersor

my

to

know,

to

want

thick

two

manage

the

as

space

I

seat.

cavities,between

he

get sufficient space?

of

after

one

incisors,two-thirds
them

file?

00

a

fill

and

prepare

thickness

pliers.

Is it

crow-bar
to
use
a
supposed that I must
I simply cut
those
cavities?
the
through from
palatal
into the cavity;then I usually dress off the edges on
that

for

Dr.

thickness

I

teeth.

wedge; have
of hickory. I repudiate from
should
take higher and
more

we

Dr.

the

on

small

"

surface, leaving
space

does

am

Wetherhae.

surface

the

is in the

procedure

I press

"

how

up,

up

the

to

wedging;

~\lov{

I

two

way

open

between

cart

ground.

Daris.

Dr.

and

rubber, but have

Wetherbee.

Dr.

with

way

end

to

of

Dentistry.

of

equal

space

use

Morgan.

-Dr.

the

to

horse

a

a

true

occasion

Archives

wider

a

space

there

than

have

secondary decay

in

front, and

allow

so

self-cleansing.

Davis.

Do

"

ever

you

about

those

fillings?
Dr.

Wet/terbee.

Had

"

a

patient whose

quality,that T filled in
they are as good to-day as

this

second
and

Prof.
delivered

a

Today
and

N.

C

my

lecture

and

nutrition

aware,

existence,

when

for

a

of

time

the

Teeth,"

function

and

years

of

ago,

then

and

introduced
Teeth."

of the

ask

attention

your

parative
thoughts nj)oii the "Comof
embracing the modifications
some

the

earlier

You

are

also

already

are

you

conditions

of

animal

termine
tendencies, de-

incipientas

in the

maintenance,

As

transmitted

with

which,

call

first filled.

variations.

are

stages of organisms.

maturer

to

their concomitant
and

fifteen

over

announced, I

short

('onditions

growth

been

has

would

you

"Comparative Anatomy

the

on

friends, as

Anatomy
forms

manner

Peirce, of Philadelphia, was

indulgence

tooth

teeth

well
that

aware

as

in the

there

are

so
slight,no functional
peculiarities
that they may
not, abiding their, alloted
time, again
insignificant,
in the offspring. Now
their appearance
let
and intensified,make
add to these recognized facts enlarged and accurate
conceptions
us
and
functional
induce
which
of the causes
morphological
ities
peculiar-

no

structui-al modifications

and
have

a

so

modifications, as exhibited

potent factur

degeneration. What

in the

organs

study
are

in

dental

of tooth
more

forms

structures,
as

well

as

and

we

of tooth

readily impressed by

func-

The

420

Fifth.

The

"

Akchives

is to

tendency

the

development of those most
The
Sixth.
degree in which

teeth

"

the

in the

overcome

Seventh.

differences

trituration
of

in

mastication

Mandibular

"

of

suppression of
changed
degree of

are

the

of solid

movements

food.

used,

not

organs

used.

and

proportion to

Dentistry.

of

These

or

semi-solid

are

adapted

movements

or

the

is in

resistance

be

to

food.
the

to

cient
effi-

most

control

must

glenoid plates and precede

modified

velopmen
de-

the

modifications

of tooth

forms.

Eighth. The various excursive movements
representedby corresponding tooth forms,

of the

"

articulation

this may

center;
A

be

may

be

of thanks

vote

termed

the

biaxial

that

so

odontomorphic,

the

condylar
shaping

tooth

or

are

uniaxial."

or

given Prof.

was

mandible

Peirce

and

manifested

was

by

risingvote.

a

[to

ASSOCIATION.

DENTAL

SOUTHERN
ANNUAL

SEVENTH

Eeported

continued.]

be

for the

Expressly

Archives

[concluded

from

H.

Catching, Third

M.

By Mrs.

VV. J.

368.]

page

Session.
in the

Vice-President,
Dental

on
Report of the Committee
Catching, Atlanta, Chairman,

LA.

ORLEANS,

Dentistry

of

Evening
B.

NEW

SESSION,

Dr.

Literature, by

which

of

chair.

the

B.

is

following

a

H.
opsis.
syn-

profession gives it reputation and increases
of merit; a guide to sucindex
It is the only true
cess
its usefulness.
it improving;
to empiricism.
and
terror
Familiarity with
a
graduating its pupils,
ignorance degrading; a perpetual teacher, never
of

literature

The

but

a

constantlyadding

text-books, satisfied with
over

his eyes

that

that

prevent

fetters

was

but
all.

now

the

literature

Dentistry

its

to

his

acquirements,

own

him

causes

to

all further

stumble, and

is not

to

highest
be

A

progress.

rule, for text-books
of the

He. who

course.

ashamed

character
of

folds

binds
few

few

were

lays
a

the

bandage

himself

years
and

aside

with

literacy
back, il-

journals rare;

is within

its literature.

the

reach
It

of

stands

Dental

abreast

with
has

professions. One
comparatively neglected; viz.

all the

been

therapeutics.
their

than

dawning,

instruct

one

of science
last

link that

must

slow;
from

come

not

display their handi-work,

to

in

us

for the

slow

too

are

binds

too

are

we

is

only
entirely

is
era
therapeutics. A new
is
all specialities.This
degree will cover
ature
only physically but mentally. In the liter-

not

age,

students

contains

This

arsenic.

and

in dental

them

common

electrical

Materia-medica

dentist

average

and

acid, tannin

fault,for collegesteach

rather

the

of the

cabinet

tance
impor-

field of great

learned

The

carbolic

creasote,

421

Societies.

the

We

age.

of the

fetters

must

the

sever

Monthly

past.

nals
jour-

weekly dental
journal. It
the
for
profession, by the profession and
have

must

we

the

a

profession.
On

motion

invited

to

Dr.

address

JSroion.

I recollect

have

few

a

to

sorry

ised.

meet

The

E.

is

and

good

the

sorry

losing.

It has

would

of

can

the

learned

love

of

all other
in

upon

them, though they do

for

been

not

adver-

properly
strong!

100,000

read

a

of

paper

of

latest"

is

The

which

lowing
fol-

the

progress

and
read

already
index

of

power

us

the

of

the

structure
our

harmonious
of

work

scientific

text-books

in

the

is

entire
In

dignity.
much

that

we

journals

active

gives

journals,

fame

claim

here

as

in

potent agent
in upbuilding

journals we
as

the

or

brotherhood,
our

a

tion,
inven-

new
our

ings
sayof the

out

Cosmos

controls
an

period-

our

the

Every

demand"

literature

its

get

promptly through
be
author
gain or
and

"Supply

boasts

that before

book-form

recent

Journalistic

into

In

professionsand
into

profession,

cementing

distinctive.

I

Orleans.

in attendance

variety of subjectstreated.

the

business.

a

North

here

bright
be compiled
a

shelf.

motive

the
his

ed
magnificently treatfull for expression. I

resumed.

mark

discovery or idea, reaches
whether

be

Literature

printer,"the
the

on

idea

I

full

quite

not

was

leaving Xew

the

am

they

of

It is

doings

laid

from

men

Dental

one

cal literature.

of

few

are

I

too

before

spare

Association

Dental

synopsis:

a

Dentistry

hands

was

been

not

am

Chisholm, Tuscaloosa,

S.

is

to

been

subject of

and

occasion, I

they

it had

I have

Although

so

Brown

Parmley

Southern

the

occasion, that

one

on

exposition.

what

If

Dr.

guest of

a

E.

Dr.

Knapp,

Association.

moments

beautiful
know

not

As

present

but

your

the

saying,

the

on

J. Rolla

for utterance.

enough

am

of Dr.

ours

are

is bor-

The

422

rowed
is

medicine

from
Our

due.

Archives

and

pathology, we owe
both
professions.

specialties.Honor

her

fundamental
to

of

knowledge

medicine

We

Dentistry.

of

travel

the

highroad

same

are
specialty,oral and prosthetic. We
medical
profession in this applicationto

our

the

what

she

sciences

Many

usury.

contributed
known

to

before
and

them.

from

exclusive

year,

profession
800

either

Our

volumes

new

fashion.
"Dental

have

21

pages

per

month

text-books

not

are

added

the

to

to

and

on

of

We

row
borwith

return

a

Dental

and

Anatomy

have

we

12000

or

deficient

in

during

the

per

and

vertising
ad-

quantity.
past year

suit of

new

larged
en-

ively
journals, exclus-

pamphlets

list

or

Guide

"Student's

in advance

now

enlarged,and clad in
Of
these will only mention:
Vade
James
Mecuum,"
Hardy.

entirelynew

far

existence, but

an

1000

were

but

off

mouth.

the

societyti'ansactions,essays,

of

circulars.

Eighteen

had
We

to

common

switch

herself

to

to

now

chemistry, botany, metallurgy,have
foundation
Their
principles were

also, as

elaborated
or

loss

literature.

our
our

dental,

without

give

can

now

honor

physiology,

anatomy,

though

proper,

whom

to

latest

the

Sew-

Surgery," Henry

ill,London.
"Practical

Treatise

Dentistry," 3rd ed., Joseph

Mechanical

on

Richardson.
"Oral
"The

Mouth

"Letters

(wife of

from

and

Harris'

Teeth," J. W.

the

Mother

a

to

Plastic

a

"Harris"

Dictionary

Gorgas,

and

a

place in

has

been

make

free,
who
the

J."

W.

M.

ed., "Mrs.

ed., J. Foster

of

Practice
Medical

of

Dentistry,"

and

Dental

Flagg.
ed.

11th

F. J,

Terminology,"

Editor.

Those
them

2nd

Mother,"

"Operative Dentistry,"4th ed..
Will
not
attempt comparison
War

White.

Fillings,"2nd

"Principles and

deserves

Kingsley.

dentist.)

a

Plastics

S.

and

W.

Norman

Deformities,"

who

as

an

otherwise
man;

libraryof

or

J. Taft.
each

contrast;

and

would

keeps

never

character.
us

them.

see

This

informed

inventions; the benefit

one

every

dentist.

every

waged against the advertisingpages
those
of this,are
complain the most
from
the depots which
advertisement

it is the
It

and

the

Prof.

The

feature

of

the

who
issue

is far

nals.
jour-

receive

clothes

latest

is material.

the

of

them,
do

from

not

jectionab
ob-

provement
materials, imWe

need

not

Dental

writing,but

more

the

pens,

wider

better

the

Societies.

select

to

range

ex|"erimentalism,the greater
ience.
be

Much

that

we

unfathomable;

character

of

the

and

perhaps

think
due

they

know

lack

of

dental

few

write

pen;

also

are

well.

Much

of

work, and

backspring

who

in

It is difficult
much

such

get

less

the

to

expect

college course.
respectable practitioners,far

dental

literature.

Dr.

Spalding.

sufficient

be

sought

in that

direction.

branches.
In

other

medical

In

lines

Our

materia

they have

usually

are

profession

of

all

they
complain is

we

shoe

needs

the

such
less

horse

dental

men;

])ut

or

profession.

sources

cannot

we

contributors

good

a

year's pupilage,

two

a

be

to

out
living with-

a

a

the

to

is

undoubtedly aided by its
In our
works
own
professionperiodicalsand standard
in quantity but deficient
in quality. Progress must
"

literature.
are

Every

keep

make

stand

From

a

cannot

of illiterate young

capacity for

material

raw

time,

fear

threshold

abilityto

knife, indicates

a

to

consider

of

no

ideas

for

which

is to

to

histological

good

would

The
preliminary education.
more
carefully guarded againstthe entrance
whose
ignorant young
only ambition
men,
to

sci-

found

now

have

hesitate
who

of

range

Practitioners

with

others

themselves.

to

is

caries, the

others

of

experimental

simple

very

concisely; some

There

of

number
the

practical knowledire

for the

clearlyor

waste-basket.

best

the

talent

no

them

express

But

the

greater

aggregate

of

cause

tissues,etc.

large experience and

tlie

the

from; the broader

thought

once

as

but

writing;

423

text-books

medica
almost

grown

written

by

teachers,

and

and

deficient

are

therapeutics almost

beyond

our

We

have

teachers.

in

needs.

tain
cer-

nil.

books
Text-

depended

on

consequently a? authors,
They know
comparatively little of their applicationto
of what
know
is not
in the
we
therapeutics. Ver}- much
men

as

in

those

branches.
dental

text-books;
our

journals.

write

books

forward
and

said

will

that

being
not

the

be

can
a

if

learned

from

men,

such,

as

ranks

own

text-books

college should

teach
fact.

dental
Unless

thorough.

There

is

to

a

be

not

teach

in

man
are

very

few

the

by

science, the

expects

these

All

filled

physiology.
a

recorded

qualifiedto
We
must
remedy?

are

require.

we

physiology

experience,and

The

students.

our

dental

a

physiology
from

Medical

from

furnish

to

been

for dental

men

faculty of
been

it has

teach

chairs

who

can

Practically,this
to

become

or

bring
departments,

dentists.

man

in

an

in

the

It

has

teach
is far

author, he

thorough phyisologists

424

The

even

is

Archives

mediiml

among

only partial.

Education

men.

Few

Dentistry.

of

in the fundamental

qualifiedto

are

teach

Unless

is

branches

ble
chemistry, as applicagrounded in first

a
man
profession.
also
understand
principals,he is not qualifiedto teach; he must
the practical applicationof the principles
of science
to our
sion.
profesWe
what
medical
teach
students
to
our
men
depend on
from
draw
must
own
are
our
they themselves
ignorant of. We
ranks to supply this deficiency.
Dr. J. A. Hoblnson
is such
modest
a
(Michigan). Prof. Taft

to

our

well

"

that

man

like

I

want

tell the

to

Department

to

Southern

of

the

arc

for

all

about

Dental

As

our

State

an

in

that
all

University

institution

I would

college.

own

Association

Michigan

practical dentists.
of

word

a

say

are

we

Dental

the

the

professors
highly blessed,

professorsare practicallyqualifiedfor their work,
well as theoretically
as
familiar
with their subjects.
Dr. D. H. Gatchmg.
In attending associations
from
year to year
I see exhibited
gold, amalgam, mallets, engines,etc.; everything for
the

"

manual

is

use

single volume
Southern

before

brought
of

our

laid

will take

steps

Association

copies of each and
Prof. J. Tcift. Great
"

look

in that
years

back

time,

ago

over

our

conclude
of

one

and

that
of

again

better

and

a

I

hope

the

in

future

the

the

improvement

almost

seems

had

miracle.

a

but

three

beginning of our periodicals;but now,
monthly supply of dental literature, I think we
has

progress

early
the

been

journals,and
Our

progress.

literaryaspect.

with

compare
literature

the

one

of

works

our

"

we

may
pages

to-day

needs, however,

pennanent

if

to

be

text-books

men
are
using
journalism; but new
will soon
equal those of other prostrong pens, and oixr text-books
fessions.
We
its
avocation
has
must
special journals.
Every
should
train up writers for our
own
keep a
profession. Every man
should
be pressed to
record
of every
Young men
step in advance.
"

have

engage
would

not

kept

pace

in this great

with

Our

Examine

made.

made

ard
stand-

four

or

when

Forty

the

those

in its

seen

yet be made, but

can

note

We

literature.

no

some

note

and

ago,

literature,it

our

had

we

works,
look

in

improvement

forty years

to

furnished

be

never

table.

our

upon
to

have

publicationissued.

new

every

I

but

body,

literature

with

we

the

him

to

we

should

further

If

work.

speedilyimprove.

is true, but

our

Many

blame

efforts.

no

all would
who
one

Reference

do
write

now

who

does
was

our

literature

poor

writers, it

this,
are

his

made

best, but
in

the

age
encour-

paper

to

Dkntai.

lack

of

suital)!e works

ought

be

better

Most

of

to

hinder.

for those

matter

but

desideratum.

We

of

a

for

need

elementary

dental

young

work

designed for our
to-day are better than
series

of

brief

The
The

that

needs

It should
have

plain English
What

progress.
matter?

That

where

look

our

he

the

for

gets

a

50

advertisements

the

pages

if

the
the

goods advertised; they could
J. J. H.

Patrick.

elementary works
collegewho
Gray's Anatomy

has

a

Nothing
Dr.

J. R.
in

put
and

go

be

in

What

"

practice,will
to

depends
of

the

enable

the

of
on

brain.

primary
the

health

scholar
sound

education
of

the

Such

body

amine
ex-

Most

There
has

in

a

of

few

teachings
the
in

well

mentary
ele-

works.
words.

tion
instruc-

as, when

high school,

sound

as

to

business

no

elementary

hygiene.
as

are

elementary

enter

minds
in

then

independently.

youth

is

to

turn

men

position in regard

told

needed

schools.

colleges with

our

is great lack

is most

tells him

mauufacture

who

these

simple, and

primary

our

a

of

pages

left!

sustained.
and

advertising

thing, and

men

rapid

more

Some

sustained

mastered

already

plain and
plainer.

Walker.

thence

after-life

not

high schools,

the

guages.
lanshould

which

more,

tain.
re-

extra

to

a

outrage.

for 40

pays

Taft's

colleges not

is

hygiene

into

There

could

our

Prof.

and

an

some

time

the

be

not

I think

our

in all

books
in

in

"

have

is

help

first

the

literaryportion
they
and published by
journals are owned

Dr.

man

of

have

muscles

needs, is he the loser?

most

new

and

contain

If

nothing

should

three

or

have

must

disadvantage.

and

for

bones

periodicals do

no

get what

to

The

Students

elementary

school-books

pathology
two

anglicized.

ology.
physi-

readily master

with

names.

if
is

literarymatter
and

be

and

to

book, in the

an

common

could

anatomy

have

is

great

a

and

first

colleges.We

our

familiar

be

to

in

The

student

a

of

nomenclature

student

used

those

the

as

perienced,
ex-

There

anatomy

should

students.

own

works

We

student?

also

achieve

will

easy

stimulated

be

can

on

Gray's Anatomy

an

beginners.

he

works

already

for others

one

profession

our

put

you

If any

.

to

one

is

It

to-day.

for

it

clear,simple books

no

information

write

to

easy

anatomy

on

books

Would
hands

so

of

no

for those

designed

need

great

is

better; there

are

practice to give

work

graded

prepare

have

we

is the

it is not

elementary

no

in

it

think

wl)o

those

Let

elementary books;

no

are

lines.

make

to

books

the

That

beginners.

certain

strive

experienced; there
for

in

425

Sof'iKTiES.

bodies.

Success
on

the

in
tivation
cul-

426

The

Dr.

0.

Salomon, New
of

America

Baltimore
if

pages,
of

I

dentistry.

to

got

a

line.

studied

I found
has

man

Dr.E.
is the

S.

for it because
for

I

but

German

neither

have

Oar

"

and

feel that

literature

need

we

in

the

to

literature
American

something

Berlin;

As

what

but

I

when

advertising

dirty coat is a matter
and French
journals have no
worth
reading.
they any matter

ourselves; it is evolved
we

I knew

thought

nothing.

The

from

extracts

his

profound knowledge

Chishohn.

reflex of

and

dental

preciatio
de-

the
has

earth

on

French

in Paris

I knew

little consideration.

advertisingpages,

nation

and

America

to

came

I had

No

translations

hear

surprised to

am

German

entirelyof

When

I

"

literature.

this

almost

journals.
about

in

Dentistry.

of

Orleans.

American

has

consists

Archives

is

from

it to

what

just

We

the demand.

help

in

us

it; it

make

we

doing

pay
best

our

teach science,
to all who
patients. It is a fact well known
that popular teachings are
We
the first
learn
must
correct.
not
principlesin all branches
by the inductive system, gradually growing
and
broadening.
J.
students
Taft. The
Prof.
coming from the
majority of our
high schools where the elementary sciences are popularly su})posed
our

"

be

to

but

taught, have
them

take

to

mathematics

is

up

not

with.
begin
principles;and so

from

the

He

study, and

have

it

little

Ford

and

study

them

with

start

in

all branches.

must

the sciences

the

As

pares
pre-

student

in

Arithmetic

elementary

geographies

and

graded text-books,

have

leges.
high schools to the colothers
have
prepared question-booksand
out, taking the question-books as a guide

through

up

text-books

the

A

a

must

is

graded, so
primary schools

the students
to

as

are

Prof.

smattering; nothing that

merest

Gray
starting point.
given algebra or the third part

to

arithmetics

the

as

the

of

statements

facts.

We

should

thirty pages of elementary i)rincithe student
should
be as thoroughly grounded as
in
ples,in which
the alphabet or the multiplicationtable.
He
should
have
from
ten
to twenty
preliminary lectures before undertaking laboratorywork.
record
of experiences,
Though foreign journals may translate or copy our
indebted
them
for the fundamental
to
we
are
principles
science

of
Dr.

of

twenty

underlying

our

Salomon, is warranted

than
Dr.
an

primers

I

can

or

practical work.
in

speaking

more

Our

foreign brother,
freelyon this point

do.

Spalding.

illustration

"

of

I would
the

call the

principlelaid

attention
down.

of

the

Association

Gray's Anatomy

to

is

re-

428

The

"Mrs.

M.

but

W.

J.,"

association
Mother

Prof.

has

author

Taft moved

recommend
Dr.

the

only

not

that

move

of

the

national

a

the

tender

we

book

reputation

thanks

this

of

entitled, "Letters

W.

amendment

an

the book

C.

has

from

a

Mother."

a

J.

I

Dentistry.

of

that

fame.

to

to

work

a

world-wide

a

Archives

all

to

practicingdentists

This

Spalding.
"

that

adding
is

work

the

association

the

for circulation.
best

very

its class;

of

equal, in my judgment, for placing in the hands of mothers.
the book
and was
-Prof.Taft had examined
prepared to endorse
no

what

Dr.

M.

and
her

W.

in

J."
few

a

work

subject of

Dr.

H.

J.
of

toes, but

was

had

been

the

habit

they

articles

of

Look

they

call

the

which

know

in
it is

the

at

what

He

corns!

list

have
names

lady just mentioned, put

I propose

them

far and

wide.

patients.
Report of the

It will be

better

which

he
in

were

If
a

you

if

they

to

Holmes'

buy

want

quantity
on

for

our

tions
recommenda-

to

to

umns
col-

a

know

the
Sure
and

bottle

Harlan, for analysis. I

Dr.

name

your

call attention

to

pasting up whole
of
Many
patrons.

certificates

our

on

and

doubtful

very

this is?

tion
recepit.

subject of
somebody's

itinerants

print attached

of

of

subject to

a

that

of

distinguishedchemist,
fought this practice for years.
honorably before the public,buy
to

the

to

wished

"

knew

attention

names

the

passed.

pi-obablytread

He

tion,
associa-

the

spoken

attention

certificates

these

of

words

certificates

giving

their

have

Do

for their

it.

read

to

members

kind

call

to

tion
for distribu-

gratificationat

was

attention.

some

which

constituents.

the

desired

of

matter

cutting out

present it

the

and

Literature

sorry

of

of

Cure!

Dental

only

members

own

wdth

met

Ethics; thought he should

giving

to

intended

was

the

to

expressed her

McKellops

the

to

It

every

introduced

was

words

had

The

the Code

its value.

practitionerought
passed unanimously.

motion

"Mrs.

of

patients,but

among
The

said

Spalding

to

of

them

the

and

yourselves and

get

your

books

of

distribute

good

for

your

Dr.

short

very
the

McKellops

election

and
of

Committee
that

moved

there

on

was

Clinics

the

inuch

oflicers;choice

called

for.

subjectbe passed
business

of

time

that
and

must

as

be

Dr.

Morgan

to

ballot

for time

and

proposed Nashville,

place of meeting.
Tenn.

time

transacted

place of meeting,

Carried.
Proceeded

the

was

"

etc.

Dental

Dr.

Teague

Dr.

Wardlaw

Nashville
the

on

named

fourth

The

in

Tuesday

May,

officers for

of

Dr.

President,

C.

W.

Tenn.

Dr.

the

B.

Vice-President, Dr.

ensuing

Recording Secretary,Dr.
Dr.

H.

Executive

Committee:

R.

Hammer,

E.

A.

Dr.

Chisholm,

S.

Tuscaloosa, Ala.
Ga.

Athens, Ga.
G.

F. S.

Morgan, Nashville, Tenn.;

H.

follows:

as

Galveston, Texas.

Holliday,Atlanta,

Lowrence,

A.

Treasurer,

W.

D.

E.

resulted

year

Augusta, Ga.
Catching, Atlanta, Ga.
Orleans.
Knapp, New

H.

Secretary,Dr.

Corresponding

fixed

being

188ti.

Vice-President, J. Rollo

Third

ballot,the time

second

Wardlaw,

Vice-President,

Second

Dr.

the

on

429

Ga.

Knoxville,

selected

election

First

Savannah,

named

was

Societies.

Wright, Columbia,

Dr.

W.

H.

S. C;

ville,
Richards, Knox-

Tenn.
The

newly

Mrs.

M.

and

elected

W.

J.

officers
elected

was

inducted

then

were

the

formal

Secretary requested to give
The
usual
closing resolutions were
at
Nashville, on
adjourned to meet

same.

member

honorary

an

into

of

the

tion
associa-

notification

passed
the

office.

last

and

of

the

Tuesday

the

tion
associain

May,

1886.

added

were

B.
S.

S.

H.

B.

sessions

the

During

the

to

R.

J.
J.

Knapp,
W.

John

James,

O.

La.; W^m.

Ala.; A.

Rencher,

Enterprise, Miss.;

will

Annual

October,

1S85,

invited
J. D.

Mendota,

in

held

be

to

and

and
be

E.
and

Meeting

E.

B.

J.

M.

Askew,
L.

A.

Smith,

Orleans, La.;

Barton, Paris, Texas;

S.

Vermillion, La.;

G.

A.

R.

E.

Starkville, Miss; C. R.

Read,

DENTAL
the

W.

Telle, of New

Wofford,

of

names:

Corsicana, Texas.

SOCIETY.

Central

Illinois

Dental

ciety
So-

BloomingtO!i, Ills.,on the second
Tuesday in
continue
three days.
ally
Visiting brethren cordi-

present.

Moody,
111.

Miles, J.

D.

Crenshaw,

ILLINOIS

CENTRAL

list of

Robbins,Vicksburg, Miss.;L.

Miss.; W^.

Eutaw,

Fourth

B.

J.

is the

members

new

Salomon, E. J. DeHart,

Adams,

Miller, Jackson,
St.

E.

twenty-one

following

Tenn.;

and

Watkins,

The

The

society.

Bartholomew,

Knapp,

Colomb,

the Association

Byrnes, Memphis,

Thurber, J Rollo
T.

of

C. R.

Pres.,
-

Tayluk,

Sec,

Streator,111.

The

430

Archives

Dentistry.

or

CORRESPONDENCE.

CORRESPONDENCE.

Archives

Editw

of

1885,

Correspondence
Terre

Journal

your

there

Haute, Indiana, in which

remarks

made

before

Oral

the

Association, regarding the
I do

question the

not

in which

manner

appeared

under

Section

sensitiveness

right of any

of

ber,
num-

head

the

of

to

one

an

of
my

Medical

healthy tooth-pulp.

a

difference

honest

from

ungentlemanly

and

object to the ungenerous
position has been assailed.

my

August

American

the

of

I do

opinions,but

my

the

"

certain
J. R.
signed by one
he unceremoniously criticized

communication

a

In

Dentistry." Sir:

of

I would

have

not

effusion, had it not appeared
deigned to have noticed an unfathered
in a representative
journal,such as yours claims to be, thus, in a

compelling me
question how

manner,

will

not

such

a

statement

of
that

he

never

of

the

there

that
force

give

saw

teeth

The

boy simply

had

been

shortness

so

them.

of

his teeth

pain

from

the lad

was

only
with

replaced by
cause

any

it

years

false

inconvenience

she

that

the

of

a

case

ings
report of proceed-

I feel safe

other
to

in

stating

his

observed
to

me

noticed

mother
that

tooth

his

that

the

tooth

for advice.

touch

nor

to

thermal

his parents not

There

was

No

allowed
inflammation

the little fellow.

to

changes.

wishing
remain

to

followed,

a
was

pulp,but no braising of
There
was
perceptible lesion.

tooth

to

know

not

crown

old and

one.

did

referred

was

the

gold, the
a

read

only when

was

neither

12

fell and

case

of

any

exposure,

it contoured

it

the

perfect denudation
tissue,nor

into

betrayed

be

tion
question the qualifica-

Association.

and

and

of

I

poorly organized as to recjuirebut little
existed.
In the case
reported this condition

fractured,
one

readers.

your

the conditions

upon

until he

of

I do

but

judgment

snap

stumbled

chipped, whereupon
was

evidence,"

Medical

American

are

one

heard

nor

fracture

to

a

myself rightbefore
qualified,"could

set

any

such

on

J. R. to

to

to

be
nor

nective
conno

As
have

ually
event-

did

Correspondence.

431

"profound [jatbological
insight" which enabled J. R.
his own
not
mine) with
specialcase
(itcertainlywas
attending phenomena, viz: "a tooth splitopen by mechanical
The

laying
wrenched
his

and

bruised, etc., etc.,"I fear

femur

Your

from

on

sir,is

and

physiology
have

must

The
that

fall

from

church

a

of J. R.

statement

healthy pulps
with

the

is to

confess

evidently does

the

I have

This

V.

Friedrichs'

sion"
illy-digestedconcluplainest principles of
that

you

the

frequently

for

on

which

of

sense

which

be

teeth, I have

I cited

was

I do

no

tirst to

to

cutting off the

crowns

extirpated the

feel called

I inclined

to

by

the

attempt

to

closing paragraph

is,to say the least, unkind
which

should

of
heat

pain
and
brane
mem-

obtain

a

thesis

anybody
that

between

devoid

one

it

time.

In

of
the

endowed

upon

pened
haperal
sev-

settingpivot
patient. The

its

this

upon

for my

because

purpose
to

much

only

the

at

pain

general tone
and

the

painful, but

was

write

So

merely

the

without

convince

and

less.

memory

pathologicalinsight,"whatever
The

tion.
illustra-

peridental

means

it

for

pulp

to

upon

my

pulp

no

any

I mentioned
come

of

not

R.

of the

319

page

The

more,

not

was

views.

approaching
painless.

process

am

my
the

in

cases

J.

touch.
"

I based
to

sion,"
profes-

is

demonstrated.

is

case

you

dogmatic assertion
riance
opinion totally at va-

*'an

Archives,
Black

exactly my position
dogmatism, etc.
singularity,
The

of

answered:

pulp has no sense
pain. The sense
Pain
in the knee
in hip disease
is an
part of the body.
The
pulp has the power of transmitting sensations
only, and is utterly incapable of distinguishingbetween
has

posterous
pre-

steeple.

the

G.

of

reported as follows: "The
of touch, and hence, is incapable of localizing
of touch
is requisitefor localization
in any

tooth

cold, as

tissue

ravings

be

convinced

sensitive,"is

read

even

1885, Prof.

July number,

lence,
vio-

knowledge and experience of the
himself
literature.
ignorant of current

common

not

and

and

have

"Dr.

that

not

are

its

as
propositionis about
an
intra-capsularfracture

"of

would

the

only

was

all

connective

pavement

knowledge

pathology"

fallen

the

on

soft

"loose, irrational

a

A

part.

your

I suffered

that

simple

a

statement,

His

imagination.

if I said

as

the

bare,

pulp

crown

disordered

own

the

the

scribe
de-

to

extirpation
subject,nor
with

found
"pro-

be.

may
of

J.

of

that

R.'s

tion
communica-

spect
dignity and reprofessional
gentlemen
"

Thk

432

language

which

for J. R.

well

pursuit
"speech

of
is

Archives

Avould

he

used,

"A

is he?

were

few."
Geo.

J. Fkiedrichs,

St. Chai-les

155

Who

It

present.

engaging in the questionable
that
opinions of his fellow-practitioners

the
belittling
the gift of all; thought of
Respectfully,

MODEL

A

I

were

before

remember

to

have

not

Dentistry.

of

Orleans, La.

St.,New

DENTIST.

dentist, to be successful,

be

must

handsome,

or

have strong personal magnetism, and
exactlythat, he must
be spotlessly
clean,with soft white hands always with a faint but
what
pleasantperfume about tham, and with a breath like unto
which
is absolutely without
Well
the breath
shall I say?
odor,
wafted
falls on your face like the suspicionof air that is
and which
window
in June.
a morning
on
Now, my
through a vine-covered
white
flannel
the nobbiest
dentist is lovely,and he wears
jackets
that you can
imagine. Ilis work is good, which is a consideration,
and his charges are
sideration
conto be sure,
magniticent,which is another
then
must
of a different character, but
we
always pay
if not

"

high

for

he is

luxuries,and

is to his

luxury,as

a

admire

patientswho

own

PRACTICAL

doubt

no

him."

every

Paris

"

STUDIO

RECIPES"

other

Morning

tist
denNeios.

GLUE.

Photographic News
gives the
correspondent of the London
following recipe for what he calls "studio glue": Put a pinch of
shreded
bottle; put on it a very little
gelatineinto a wide-mouthed
one-fourth
part of glacialacetic acid; put in a
water, and about
and acid be used,
cork.
If the rightquantity of water
well fitting
the gelatinewill swell up into worm-like
pieces,quite elastic;but,
at the same
time, firm enough to be handled
comfortably. The
the
acid will make
quired
repreparation "keep" indefinitely When
swelled
for use, take a small fragment of the
gelatine and
A

the

warm

end

of

into

"run"
direct

once
a

to

the

minute, and

makes
A

little chrome

use

a

serve

flame

article to be

best

and

alum
to

this is not

of

fine clear

is,moreover,

the very

would

it in the

finest

make

glue,

mended.

done

in the

match

a

water

the

necessary.

which

can

The

well, for the

glue
glue

that
used

candle; it will

or

can

for

insoluble

be

applied

thing is done
gelatine so

be

mediately
imat

in half
treated

had.

moistening
when

set, but

the
for

atine
geldinary
or-

t:e2:e

Archives of Dentistry.
J
Monthly

A

Vol.

Record

No.

n.,

Dental

of

OCTOBER,

10.]

Of

all the

in which

arts

the

JOHN

Dr.

]My preceptor,

in

been
to

practice

along

get

it in

print,

extracted

the

left

one

handles.

having

edges

handles,
The

practice

such

at

the

manner

ordinary

an

at

points
of

the

these
a

in

and

of

of

seventy

the

application
open

them

is
and

is

almost

to

have

Any

such

forceps
in

shaped
inner
the

one

ment.
state-

a

ably,
probmade

are

tions,
direc-

two

sides.
axis

long

be

not

it.

of

seen

The
of

the

touching.

follows:
insert

managed

sacrificed, and,

the

on

I had

could

make

not

wedge

are

degrees

as

front

Physick's

and

beaks

tooth

would

mouth.

I

stated, and

in

tooth

useful

points

it

them

until

how

see

used

saw

them

use

molar

Minn.,

frequently

wisdom

lower

beaks

I
to

forceps

the

the

Minneapolis,

heard

the

good

LOUIS.

I cannot

I have

The

angle

way,

of

Now,

removing
of

use

well."

ST.

S.,

courage

up

cases

some

straight

are

get

them.

first

the

useless

a

beaks

in

that

D.

Bowman,

years.

without

with
In

not

some

without

familiar

with

I could

but

applied,

D.

(elevating forceps),

forceps

Physick's

A.

J.

excel,

writing

FORCEPS.

HARPER,

G.

wise
is

masterpiece

PHYSICK'S

BY

Series.

[New

ARTICLES.

chief

Nature's

Art.

and

1885.

ORIGINAL
"

Science

the

Grasp
points

the
of

the

forceps
beaks

in
be-

Archives

The

434

on

second

the

tween

the

buccal

and

rotate

which

third

inward
removed

with
wisdom

is

That

time.

distal

the

teeth

Such

using

use

of

by

of the

second

those

using

not

JOHN

I

consisted

treatment

the

while
treated

as

wire

ing
touch-

cusps

the

socket

the

that

but

hints

proper

use

by

the

use

few

dentists
be

may

made

instrument.

useful

D.

LOUIS.

ST.

discussed

was

1,

D.S.,

in the

Odontological

1885.

wiring the parts together and filling
1
place. Last May I had a case which
in

still in

was

by
same

TEETH.

HARPEK,

G.

Britain, June

Great

the

at

by

crown

satisfied

am

this very

splitteeth

of

treatment

The

backwards

molars.

by raising the
removing them from

BY

Society of

easily extracted

are

forceps do.
teeth lie horizontally,
the

SPLIT

The

teeth

forceps; hence, I hope these few

these

ceps.
for-

ordinary

these

forceps,then
pair of incisor forceps.

are

other

ed
forward, having crook-

incline

forcing

and

of

pair

a

extracted

are

of these
a

fingersor
These

wisdom

surfaces

lingual,the

on

well; close the forceps completely,

teeth

socket

just what
the

cases

some

the

from

raising them

of

the

pointing backwards.

roots

beak

one

long axis; this will dislodgethe tooth,

the

on

Ordinarily the

In

molars,

side, pressing down

be

can

and

Dentistry.

of

follows:

pain in the superior right
patient appliedfor relief from
the mesial
tooth had a small filling
on
first bicuspid. The
surface,
distal
surface.
At
first
there
seemed
the
and a small cavity on
glance
I found the
to be nothing to cause
pain,but on a closer examination
Drilled
into the pulp, devitalized
mesial
from
to distal surface.
tooth sjilit
ment
that the tooth had two
roots.
and found
During treatThe

I

kept

a

separating.
the

the

tooth

to

tooth

was

in

ligatureon
When

rubber

the
dam

clamp which

and
held

placed
the

on

the

prevent
a

the

parts very

two

condition

proper
tooth

a

from

parts

very

to

adjusted
fill,

strong

cuspid
bi-

firmlytogether. Prepared

in the
cavity,making a dove-tail in each cusp; filled the roots
usual manner,
lettingthe liquid gutta-percha flow into the splitat
of the cavity; filled the cavity with
the bottom
gold, being careful
the

not

to

wedge the parts asunder.
hard
substance
by biting some

let it

fractured

This
which

tooth

no

was,

acted

as

a

doubt,

wedge

in

The

436

regular

and

and

varieties.

the
the

been

lowest

form

researches

these
atom

of

body capable of storing heredity.
relied

be

to

are

led

are

lost in

the

cloud

on,

the

If

smallest

puscles
cor-

postulute, as

or

the atom

and

reach

we

We

have

Given

base.

a

ether, gas, vapor,

to

on

mass.

eternities.

unorganized

are

assumption

this

colloid

water,

with

begin

to

an

starting point,
and

solid.

sume
As-

molecules, corpuscles,tissues, organs

systems.

When
is
into

the

molecules

tension

ether

of

Air

built

are

combustion;

supports

of

tissues

and

Thus
appear

Nomenclature.

said

He

it

puts

water

that

in

disturbance

mass;

and

and

out,

dissipationof

and

gans.
or-

in

the
the

tlie empyrean

tlie

are

earth

is

gases.
made

to

activities.

functional

Kulp, Davenport, Iowa,

0.

W.

Prof.

of

systems

mass.

by precipitationof the ash
the earth, the atmosphere
the observable
as
sphere of

formed

cle
corpus-

fit it for arrangement

atomic

of

the

energy

molecular

generates

regular order

of

measures

diffusion

is the

in

arranged

are

produced; further
tissue.
Organs
Ether

read

all science

another

the

on

paper

nomenclature

was

definite idea.
a
importance. Each term should
convey
dentistrythere is only a general classification; each writer has
uniform
nonienclature.
The
a
terms.
own
profession demands
the

first

The

following
for the

w^hich

has

teeth

been

surfaces

The

is

a

and

Of

the

The

their

alveolar

surfaces

successfullyused
of

the

bicuspids and

middle

process.)

of

the

system

produced by
him

by

six anterior

teeth

in

of

ture
nomencla-

Prof.

Kulp,

and

his classes:

upper

and

lower

are

"

lal)-

occluding.
molars

longitudinalsurfaces

occluding,

outline

general

ial,lingual,proximal and

or

cies
spe-

by fission,or

become

we

Atoms

his

genus,

by producing spores, to perpetuate
kind.
But
little is yet known
or
definitelysettled regarding
for the origin of the
foresteps. In attempting to account

their

and

demands

been
cular
studied; molechanges only, have
termine
ignored. The first requirement is to de-

far made

thus

able

are

we

Mass

have

changes

In

Dentistry.

of

purposeless. Perspicacityof nomenclature
of the
settlement
question of germs, class,order,

the

of

Archives

and

"

buccal, lingual,proximal and

to
(applicable

cervical

thirds

all the

cluding.
oc-

teeth) grinding
(from cutting edge to
"

Dental

To

individualize

are

Of

the

437

the

proximal cavities,those
proximal and latero-proximal:

centre

"

Societies.

right and

left laterals

centro-proximal and

"

ors
incis-

of tlie central

cuspoproxi-

mal.
Of

the

cuspids latero-proximaland bicuspo-proximal.
first bicuspids cuspo-proximal and bicuspo-proximal,buccal

The

"

"

and

lingualcusp.
bicuspids bicuspo-proximal, molo-proximal,
buccal
fissure,
lingual cusp.
cusp and

cusp

The

second

The

first upper

cal

pid
bicus-

"

rior
bicuspo-proximal,molo-proximal, antefissure,posterio-buccalprominence, anterio-bucfissure,crown
molars
cuspid
prominence, lingual prominence (the upper
being trias

This

molars

"

rule.)

a

being

system

carritd

out

its fullest

to

extent,

every

possible

cavity,or any portion of each and every tooth, upper and lower, is
clearlyand definitelylocated, in a single term, terse and simple.
Dr. Foster, Baltimore,
Papers and subject open to discussion.
in the

chair,^yro
C.

Dr.

W.

but

we

the

mere

section

of

Dr.

of

to

tooth

and

of

work.

make

In

the terms

in the

the

ipulative
man-

here

system

brief

possible,
beyond
beyond operative dentistry. As it
which

word

same

different

hand, while

one

severely felt want
terms, especiallyin the

most

nomenclature

confused, the

are

the

a

the

portions of

sought

system

a

crown

on

the

on

the

that

definition

exact

mechanical

terms

ideas

the

and

need

is,our

said

Spalding

profession was
proposed

tern.

as

shall

often

words

as

extend

different

expresses

express

the

idea

same

other.
A.
and

H.

T

Topeka, enquired why the terms
and plain terms, now
generally used,

hompson,

"distal,"brief

sial,"
"mewere

rejected.
Dr.

Kidp.

meaning

no

education,
derived
term

or
as

from

a

is too
the

the

false

to

the
of

names

most

cavity in

a

words

one

often

distal,implying

applied to
Dr.

Because

"

the

and

who

one

case

the

mesial

with

teeth

has

an

convey

involved, defines
a

false

either

ordinary primary-

students, while

our

distant,conveys
anterior

distal

itself.

a

term

The

impression when

teeth,indicatingthe palatalsurface.

is of the greatest interest
Taft. The subject of nomenclature
and
importance to our
profession. Accuracy^ in conveying
thought depends upon the words
used; they should be definite and
"

Archives

The

438

Dentistry.

of

language in
in
the professiongrows
Everything possible

The

easilyand readilyapprehended.
as
expression of thoughts is modified

accurate,
the

of

knowledge
should

the

in associated

looks

the

to

adopted by

them

system

must

same

bodies

should

Teachers

Kulp

attainment

for the

done

be

in

come

general
in

generally

system

The

future.

institutions

our

sults.
re-

effort of Prof.

in the

use

definite

of

The

right path.

both

adopted

attainment

profession; any

our

into

sions
Discus-

highest point.

the

the

to

in the

lead

will

of

tend

teachers

be

science.

of

language

of

use

learning

of

by those who write for the profession. The language used
definite idea.
often inajjpropriate,
no
or
conveys
definite and more
The plan proposed by Prof. Kulp is much
moi-e
It
proposed.
universallyapplicablethan anything heretofore
and

sometimes

feasible
would

"to

Judd

and

in

when

monograph
The

and

eight

years

contact.

Drs.

ago,

subject,which
mesial

terms

and

was

distal,

and

looking from
Kulp's system is

to

Prof.

clear.

in

come

this

is

ticating
tautology. MasOccluding signifies

not

or

on

learned, looking

and

simple

line, are

a

St. Louis.

and

Chicago
defined

once

median

produced

do

Seven

"

avoid

to

occluding.

than

Morrison, St. Louis.

Dean

adopted

definite

more

words

different

use

contact," but all surfaces

in

come

TFi N.

Dr.

be

to

is

the
more

complicated.
Dr.

"

Proximal

W.

Dr.

quite in

am

0.

W.

in

the

are

be

to

that

the front

teeth.

and

SjJalding.
"

section.

made

to

is liable to fewer

have

no

understood

are

at

the

far

go

as

paper.

they

rest

terms

carefully
grinding, masticating and

for

yond
be-

incorrect

surfaces.

These

very

do

cussed
discising
in-

place,but
is the

all;it avoids

occluding seems
suggested
only term
multiplicityof terms

objections;masticating'applies to

others; occluding will

for

answer

all.

Distal

cising
in-

some,

and

mesial

particularadvantage; they are not plain English, and not
by patients. Cuspo-lateralis plainerthan disto-lateral;

Mesial

appliesto
but they
remote;
Dr.

answer

they

occluding
points were

a])plicablein its own
universallyapplicable; it

be

to

in

not

are

The

When

each

more
can

used

terms

"

applied to

Dr.

of the

more

occlude; cutting edges

not

favor

should
never
easilyunderstood; we
apprehension of those who listen.
The
H. 3Iorgan.
term
occluding strikes me
is

the

when

I

Taft.

Atkinson.

"

surfaces
are

looking

to

the

centre; distal

means

more

arbitrary in their application.

WhencA'er

we

attempt

to

name,

we

must

take

Dental

the

We

standard.

nature's
term

The

together."
pigglety; an omnhcm
in

months

three
Dr.

Taft.

G. J.

Association

the

the

I

snubbed.
Let

will make

the

see

by

section, and
Dr.

G.

is

only

or

be

which

one

at

one

of

Some

day

blossom

of

the

will

we

dentist

a

occlusion

terms,

At

"

is the

of

way

this

or

is

offered

Niagara

the

arriving at

a

basis.

this Association,
offered

Otherwise

adopted.

almost

was

uniform

from

the

considered

report

similair paper

some

of

meeting

every

college faculties,or

let it be

the

by

it is all

dash.
balder-

this
Bloomington, 111.,said that whether
of necessitythat it
matter
a
adopted, it was
readily comprehended by both patientsand

Sitherwood,

another

system

between

of nomenclature

outcome;

no

sections

then

D.

tip-topblue

Orleans.

last system

There

revise

all time.

of
a

comparison

committee, either

a

is

singly, signifying simply "bringing
are
now
use
picked up higglety-

gatherum

Friedrichs, New

best.

Occlude

complications.

in mastication.

incipientstep
Dr.

we

all

439

!

In

"

stand

to

terms

which

print a primer

avoid

must

excellence

par

Societies.

was

be

can

students.
W.

Dr.
molars
not

Allport considered

the

grinding teeth; the
Different
occluding surface.
were

an

have

W.

paper

cutting edge
terms

be

must

criticism.

to

open

of

The

incisors

used

if

we

was

would

accuracy.

Subject passed.
SECTION

The

acting chairman.

The

Painless

and

recommended

OPERATIVE

IV.

Dr.

Operation, by
several

Bridgework;

discussion

The

Method;

Herbst

E.
Dr.

T.

DENTISTRY.

Darby,

J. A.

announced

one

Robinson, of Jackson, Mich.,

subjects for discussion, viz.:
be opened by Dr. E. Parmly
to
discussion

paper,

to

be

opened

by

Dr.

Brown.
M.

L.

Rhein.
The
Dr.

E.

Perry Separators and
T. Darby.

Half-bicuspid Crowns;

Matrices; discussion

discussion

to

discussion

to

be

to

opened

be

by

opened by
Dr.

H.

B.

Noble.

Regulating Exhalation;

be

opened

by

Dr.

A.

C.

Southwell.
Dr.

W.

C

Barrett

read

Dr.

Robinson's

paper,

prefacing

it

by

The

340

who

"Uncle

that

saying

Jerry,"
well, being

him

know

section,which

papei* to the
reader.

the
with

Archives

he

as

had

manuscrijjt,he feared
f("llowingis a brief summary
is

There

universal

a

is not
be

must

We

desire

conservative

relief.

compared

that

to

that

has

is any

antagonizing teeth
with

cusps

is the

Gold

which

corundum
best

hold

to

with

said

been

No.

many

a

material

to

years
so

company;

"depart
Dr.

in

E.

thousand

ruria, had

a

nying
accompa-

necessity;

a

obstacles.

the

the

The

use

ive
effect-

most

application is

ing
noth-

give positive

can

surances
as-

pulp is exposed, first
remedy, and let it remain
will be

excavating

tooth

occlusion

rest; prevent
irritation.

up

painless.
with

Shorten

the

of

is

thermal

from

contain

not

sufficient

I have

will

Amalgam

be

failure
for

used

by good

foil;

it makes

a

putty-like

silver,tin, platinum and

gold.

We

sometimes

are

with

made

ties
proper-

single

a

a

changes.

welding

had

never

often

too

better

textile

toil

must

of

tooth-sinners; the*i,like Simeon

years

He

said

he

old, we

ago;

doubtless

a

complete

as

done

unsightly gap

between

dentists

many

only

can

that

say

it

had
was

seen

never
worn

subject

at

been

the

have

property
shown

away
the

that

with
teeth

a

of

ancient

an

gold

band

any

least

genuine piece of bridgework, dug up

"give away;"

dentistryhad

the

Flushing, L. I., opened

that

would

she, in laughing would
out,

the

textile foil.

to

Partnly I^rovm,
work

new

We

peace."

bridgework.
this

traction
ex-

patient.

becomes

all shock

Sinners

of

for the salvation

The

Tooth

teeth

filling;amalgam

gold, but

amalgam

composed

mass,

of

come.

of

for

it does

foil welded

6

the

affords

the

keep

foil prevents

that

cap

would

justice.

wheels.

failure;the textile
It has

the

give

himself

If the

apply

large burr;

soreness,

do it

friable

we

hurt.

acid, then
with

minutes; open

familiarize

to

many

excavating, and

of

as

destructive.

overcome

latter will not

the

clear carbolic

If there

than

Remedy,
potash, Robinson's
The
brief pain occasioned
by

of carbolized

ten

blessing

a

designated him

prevent pain.

or

with
difficulty
conditions; palliativetreatment

experience of fiftyyears

apply

not

his

paper:

relieve

to

rather

the

the greatest

encounter

anaemic
an

of

desirable; it is

it and

opportunity to
he might fail to

the

submitted

attend, had

to

accepted

no

all

affectionatelystyled by

was

unable

had

Having

Dentistry.

of

of
of

two

in

It-

princess; that

tooth

inside

and

improvements in modern
gold band, leaving,however, an

recent

the
and

the

gums.

As

another

stej),

Dental

far in advance,

specimens)
for

food

and

he

with

offered

now

metal

no

serviceable.

He

341

bridgework

visible
but

lodge in,

to

Societies.

inside
close

a

described

a

he

out, and

or

fit all

no

around

where

case

which

(of

the

"

exhibited
open

space

sweet,

clean

right upper

molar

shell,suitable tor crowning; the
healthy, but pulpless,a mere
second
and
bicuspid abscessed
useless; the first bicuspid all right.
was

He

extracted
the

wound,
The

the festered

more"

for the

Dr.

other

Thomas,

attachment

M.

replied that

Method

the

does
The

Mhein, New

had

he

difference

a

the

on

in

that

the

of

subject
Saratoga).

at

modified

his

method

the

saving

great

extensive

more

easier

Herbst

and

teeth

regard
the

of

tween
be-

Herbst

said

that

somewhat;

that

He

electric

in

the

gold

with

mallet, thus

three-fourths

is

method.

other

any

the

the

not

The
pids,
bicus-

one-third

last

Dr.

and

Boedecker

has

then

method;

the

he

of

contour

obtaining

filled
The

thoroughly condensed,

so

mallet; therefore

seven-eighthsof

or

Herbst

surface, by the

over

mal-

patient by

proximal cavities in molars and
quickly in proportion can
they be
compai'ison with other methods.

finished

and

of time

the

to

the

more

method

shock

nervous

masticating surfaces.

the

work

with

thoroughly
done

filling,
up
with

pack

fied
modi-

has

the

densed
con-

same.

the coronal

to

the

and

mallet

get all the density required.

you

Dr.

Herbst

much

able

gold
do

to

applying
a

some

now

his method

as

is

unfinished

only disadvantage is that
much
not
so
impacted, as

Insert

gum.

so

complete his work
by the Herbst method.
its superiorityin adaptare
specialadvantages of this method
ability
of gold to the walls of the cavity,without
retainingpits or

the

the

strain

the

York, opened

left

was

past year

not

letiug;and
largerand
the

be "done

method.

undercuts; the avoiding of

by

the

his mouth.

there

other

any

(which

during
he

L.

of

out

obviated.

his and
Dr.

of

Detroit, inquired how

was

Brown

Dr.

side

into the

right up

tooth

new

apparently growing
to
pleased that he wanted

well

so

put the

tooth

porcelain

patientwas

and

root

thin

the

by

as

does

matrix

proximal

must

for

held

in

acknowledge

that

method, but

others

not

other

any

Cavities

steel matrix

difficult
molars.

it.

himself

the

all be

missing

place by

cavities

reduced

as

wall

heated

simple

to

he

have

simple

in

not

crown

been

cavities

proximal
shellac,making
as

impact

cannot

by

cavities;
the

cavities

most

in

The

442

Dr.

Rhein

exhibited

lateral incisor

in which

forty minutes:

six to

specimens

of

work

two-thirds

of

the

fifteen

tin foil.

with

Dentistry.

of

cavities

crown

in from
done

Archives

in

of

the

teeth

Herbst;

built

was

entire

Some

etc.

Dr.

by

crown

molars, the

minutes,

Some

done

of

work

the

in

up

operation

a

ished
finwas

splitto show the perfect
adaptation of the gold to the walls of the cavity. The
gold
used was
a
perfectlypure, very soft gold, prepared especiallyfor
this method, and used without
annealing. The original is made by
in Germany.
Wolrab
S. S. White
and R, S. Williams
offer
now
imitations,but which

American
Dr.

Allport.

Dr.

Rhein.

gold

T.

E.

forms

that

Dr.

the

tin?

weld

was

of

one

separators

the

are

Wolrab

butter.

first to follow
of

out

more

He

evenly.

more

The

Perry's Separators, also various
in place.
He
appliances for holding them

and

new

pressure

to

original.

exhibited

Darby
Perry

the

method;

claim

like the

specimens have that appearance.
in a roll of
rubbing the burnisher

matrices

of

Herbst

Dr.

work

not

The

"

like

works

Dr.

said

Does

"

do

were

exhil)ited

Dr.

the

Jarvis
and

way

adjusted

one

in his
control
cisors,
in-

the

to

in
the lateral,with
the matrix
separating the central from
Dr. Jack's method
held
the matrix
positionon the distal surface.
in place with an orange-wood wedge.
The
is
present instrument
the principleof that used for measuring the foot, or that of the
on
the teeth for separatmonkey-wrench; binding the matrix between
ing
and bicuspids fits it to the teeth as the saddle
molars
fits the
horse.

They
patient,and
exhibited
bronze

the

of

out

and

the

of

way

the

dam, do

If

copper.

of

not

incommode
Dr.

operator.

matrix, made

Woodward's

brass

with

interfere

not

are

Dr.
or

"

do

steel

of

steel
Seth

the

or

the

Darby also
phosphor-

Thomas

watch

with a lobe bent
It is made
plate sliears.
of the
back
the masticating surface
adjoining tooth, which
upon
When
the space is very
prevents it from slippingup to the gum.
be used, shaped like a knife-blade; it is
a steel wedge
narrow
can
in
than a wooden
less liable to break
wedge, and holds the matrix
place while holding the teeth a little apart. -Phosphor-bronze is

spring

is

good,

with

cut

pliableand

malleable

matrix-holder

and

Dr.

H.

B.

crown;

in root.

This

and

readilyadapted

space,

forming

a

separator combined.

Noble, Washington, exhibited
a

the

to

Howe

crown

modification

tooth, supplying

an

or

is
outer

adapted
to

to

the

the

half-bicuspidporcelain

four

with

tooth

cusp

the

outer

natural

pins and
half
inner

screw

of
cusp

a

cuspid
biand

The

444

place until secure.
and the boy never
was

assisted

son

also

The
lost

in the

his

shells,made

least

is the

with

the
which

with

ease

These

with

end

the

on

is soldered

the

screw-pin which
The

with

of

amount

when

with

required,as
the

the

bent

used

crown,

in the

and

so

the

The

18

ground

The

root

dies and

from

the

be

can

The
"

inch

an

of

the

of

the

vical
cer-

band,

of

the

the

Secretary

him, while

he

read

years
Mills
had

letter

a

of

said
tried

hope and confidence
specialcommittee

a.

that
to

do

the

the

their

oxy-

in

A

on.

be in

must

end

The

apex.

the

antagonists

root

front, and

is to

within
The

lingualsurface.

platinum plate, and
be

can

obtained

-

Geo.

A.

Association
Association

something

in its ultimate
on

the

to

m.

chair.

of the

member

a

lain
porce-

with

crown

The

the

the

Dr.

from

screw

the

is cemented

for

Grouse, in the

with

is anchored

gum,

on

9

gam.
amal-

perfectlyfilled through

the

gum

with

slot of

making the shells
Manufacturing Company.

President, J. N.

Dr.

The

the

at

gausge,

to

filled to

canal

margin

dies

S. S. White

resignation.
full of

inserted, by

filled in

sizes, as also the gold and

counter

for twenty-one

for

vantage
great ad-

width

porcelain face

Thursday,
The

securing

band

crown

cemented

the

the

the

in assorted

crowns

the

and

off below

eighth of

an

thus

be

can

20

or

fall into

to

as

front

before

crown,

healthy condition

be

crucible,

Another

and

root

plastercast of the adjoining teeth and a cast
articulation.
secures
a perfect adaptation and
a

a

as

root,

is inserted.

that

cement.

in the

opening

masticating

the

on

be

can

within

platinum wire,

end

amalgam,

phosphate

of

of

threads, the upper
root

Matte-

material.

occluding teeth.
a
porcelain face

is inserted

is

pin

front

Dr.

forming a shoulder, and which
For the porcelain front, use
to the shell.
a plain tooth,
for
the pins or by grinding a dove-tailed
slot,giving room

rests

either

He

efficient.

are

cutting out the face of the shell,leaving a narrow
margin, and insertinga platinum ring the
which

sweet,

toured
perfectlyconplatinum, giving the greatest

crowns.

scraps,

and

and

Gardiner.

shell,which

melting the
solder, or gold

articulation

correct

Frank

where

surface, without
the

proved simple

Dr.

improved

readily thickened

are

melting

It

gold, lined

of

clean

easily kept

were

meal.

strength with

of

They

teeth
a

Dentistry.

of

operation by

exhibited

amount

Archives

for

Mills, Brooklyn,

tendering

"

had

done

his

much

it; that he

was

attainments.

question of appropriations to

the

Dental

sections

for the

Societies.

445

ported
original scientific research, rethrough the chairman, Dr. Pierce, of Philadelphia. After
scientific
in
other
referring to tne
investigations carried on

countries,

under

England
and

societies,and

with

the

of

for the

hundred

dollars
the

of

tion
Associa-

accomplished

results

Dental

individual

of

Association
and

papers

in

or

being

reports

the

"

to different
appropriations be made
original investigation,naming one-

of

suitable

a

purchase

incomplete

American

that

as

Scientific

results

originalityin

promotion

patronage,

British

immense

and

the

recommended

sections

in

of

the

the

meagre

prestige
compromised by lack
committee

government

appropriations from

the

"

under

Gei'many,

other

compared
efforts

in

as

of

encouragement

the

sum;

materials

instruments,

be

to

money

and

ed
expendin

books,

of experts in the different
sciences, of artists,
employment
of
etc.; the
copyists,for expenses
printing,engraving, travelling,
could do in furthering this great work
most
things that money
being althe

limitless.

REPORT

W.

Dr.
before
committee
the

Morgan

said

Association

he

IT.

the

but

matter

Dr.

thousand

the

to

with

such

disposed

and

H.

A.

announced

do

that

that

first

subject was
himself

kind

and

in

with

those

though
of

He

C.

that

time

Ingersoll,yet

paid.

Smith

the

learning

results

the

Dr.

as

travellingexpenses
appropriation.
Drs.

had

spent much

conclusion

men

to

when

brought

in favor

of

the

appropriation. That since thinking
listeningto the valuable
especiallywhile

and

comparing
come

that

Ingersoll and

miles,

DISCUSSION.

TO

the

opj^osedto

over,

of

paper

OPEN

work

that

had

travelled

pursuit of
of

be

a

who

men

ought

to

these

other

might

therefore

was

W.

this

he

gations,
investihe

men,

work

were

ready

Spalding objected

to

to

had

of

love

able

and

least have

at

a

vote

the

their
for the

cient
insuffi-

a
suggested in the report, which would
go but
very
and
little way
in the
purchase of microscopes and the delicate
scientific investigation.
required in accurate
costlyinstruments

amount

Dr.

A.

W.

Harlan

require assessments,
After
sum

some

of S200

further
each

thought that such appropriations n'ould
and eventually break
up the society.
discussion

appropriated to

the

report

sections

was

V.,

adopted,
VI.

and

VII.

and

soon

the

The

446

OF

DISCUSSION

roots, and
said

had

he

that

in his
It

seen.

This

that

had

fact that
often

given

to

Lowe

his

in the

good thing

of their

use

wherever

the

he

anything

it when

withdraw

in

once

ing,
behad

tion,
posi-

whole

two

were

latter

having

to

in connection

present

with

a

have

out, when
thin

very

which

crown

bridgework.

a

That

highways

or

objections to the
the crown
side
fittingin-

reamed

be

to

would

immaterial.

origin was

labials,it would

wished

He

there

that he

in

it,whether

its

good,
said

the

in

small, as

split.

found

he

was

inventions, and

own

greatest being that the tipof

the

root, and

of the

to

than

as

thing perfectly
He
of Dr.
said
Lowe, of Chicago.
old prejudiceagainst patents,
from
the

crown

outgrown

pivot-crowns.
although a patented

Association,

the

respects

and

to

crowns

the old

which,

crown

IV.

attaching

over

before

some

impossible to

the

was

men

was

a

place

in

of

made

thoroughly sealed,

was

crown,

root

to

better

byways. If a thing
Brown
Dr. E.Parmly

in

methods

S3en

SECTION

BY

originalinventors, who gave aAvay their best ideas, were
to pay
obliged afterwards
royalty on what they had freely
advocated
the profession,that he now
patents to protect

generous
a

happy

was

almost

root

clean.
he

recently

judgment,

was

the

take

SUGGESTED

great improvements

the

article,he

so

SUBJECTS

THE

Dentistry.

of

Ivulp spoke of the different

Dr.

He

Archives

he

shell,liable

had

most

the

just

crowns

fected
perwere

tooth
hollowed
on
a
out; the strain
by being too much
not
compared with
was
equal, the lateral strain being insignificant
tened
flatHe
had consequently invented
the strain in biting.
a broad
est.
pin which gave added strength where the leverage was greatHe
had
also rapidly inserted.
His crowns
were
put in three
o'clock for a lady who
nine and one
between
was
a
professor of

weakened

vocal

music, and

operation.
Dr.
Kulp said
Dr.

a

concave

which

only give

that

would

Brown
band

or

could

be

the

which

objection raised

the

root,

received

the

perfectadaptation.
Dr.
Stockton, New
Jersey, said
the
That
and

it
that

section.

attention

As

had

hours

Lowe

for the

end'of

convex

there

no

was

it

been

would
included

as

the

crown,

tire
en-

by

crown

preventing splittingand

profession so much
closelyto mechanical

hoped

it had

the

to

of the

pertained as
he

four

those

self-evident,but for the fact that it had

encircled

cup,

him

a

cap

forming
ing
secur-

subject now
ing
engagthat of bridge work.

operativedentistry,
been
have
given to the former
under
operative dentistry he
as

to

Dental,

had

six front
lower

The

the

by

like to report.

447

There

in

Avere

the

mouth, the

wisdom
teeth in the
right bicuspid and two
In the upper
wisdom
jaw, the six front teeth and two
six upper
and hidden
front teeth were
entirelycovered
incisors,in occlusion, presenting a very unsightlyappearance

teeth,

jaw.

teeth.

would

he

case

a

Societies.

lower

one

Several

dentures, without

had

attempts

He

success.

been
had

made

placed gold

teeth, throwing the jaws apart

so

to

as

artificial

supply

to

leave

the

dom
wis-

the

over

caps

ors
incis-

upper

in the spaces with bridgeonly slightlybehind the lower, filling
The
work.
the patient prooperation was
thoroughly satisfactory,
nouncing
it a blessing not to be compared with
cost.
any
Dr.

E.

Parnxly JBrown, said
the
not
good, but was

be

might

stylesand
make

to

H.

necessitated

Dr.

method

of

would

both

years,

the

at

cavities

same

the

and

saves

W.

Dr.

good

of the

use

time

A.
in

in the

not

more

the

The

Herbst

method,
is best

he

thoroughly
made
fillings

with

exercise

his
W.

available.
own

C.

in

till the

annealed

soft

clinic yesterday

the

cavities

to

their

Each

the

One

says

and

the

Herbst

method

should

use

he

there
his

of

molars

work

matrix; but

man

ty,
certain-

in

Smith's,

or

od
meth-

cavities

crown

with

or

electric

by

matter

Brown's.

always
are

Do
the

uses

where

cases

method,

own

cuspids.
bi-

that its

the

put the gold in solid, no

in hand.

uses

that

and

ease

simple

said

Herbst

cavities,but he noticed

some

Herbst's,

case

ahoays

it for two

could

at

this insured

finished

point was

whether

mallet, another
are

That

posterior proximal

for the

method

with

That

labor; that it made

advocates

one

what

neither

matrix.

and

order

Marshall

say

experimented

mouth.

in

correct.

the

thought

he had

to

old

six months.

places and

some

what

basal

he

dare

filling
to

material

good

was

of
back

going

of

cavities

method

was

would

Spaulding, Minneapolis,

enthusiastic

mallet.

Dr.

It

man

thought

fail within

difficult

most

most

He

Herbst

Daboll, Buffalo, said that the best point in the

was

was

and

rapidlyand

gold, or cylinders.
Dr.

That

bench

more

would

no

City, said

unreliable.

prove

best.

preparing

Patterson, Kansas

the

cutting away

simple cavities;that

Webb's

the

the

that

and

judgment.
Barrett

said

that

it

was

not

individual

be
discussed.
There
principles that should
in fillingwith
principles involved
gold. One was
principle,in use
forty years ago, requiring non-cohesive

cases,

three

were

the

but

wedging
gold

"

one

448

The

the

piece slidingpast
of the
teeth.
a

ARCin\^s

wedge.

Then

it

piece,making

by

principles.
In

it

one

The

In

Herbst

burnished
and

methods

the

one

method

is

but

down;
merits,

work

good

done

ciple
prin-

in

must

it

other

of

each

the

was

diametericallyopposite

slide,in

the

other

it must

not.

welded.

was

entirelydifferent

each

and

the mechanical

on

involved

gold
in the

wedged,

was

was

two

place

saving
gold, impacted by blows, startingfrom
securely anchored, and built up piece
homogeneous
restoring Nature's
mass,

solid

a

These

contour.

this system

By

single point where

in

other, held

cohesive

came

Dentistry.

of

three

in

principle;the

methods

its

has

gold

is

advantages

has

something lacking. By the first
method
tooth form
be restored; by the second, gold cannot
cannot
be retained
in contact
with
smooth
wall.
To
a
produce absolute
be impacted or driven
not
with sharp points;
contact, the gold must
it must
be spread out and worked
down
smoothly.
Herbst
The
of
lute
absorotary burnishing produces the most
system
its

with

contact

homogeneous
To

the

the

walls

of

the

requiresthe

mass

cavity; but

Use

Herbst

the

the

cavity; use

surfaces, then

who

excludes

the

right way,
that

Dr.

E.

teeth

and

will

wrong,"
select

all but

and

angle

Parnnly

JBrovm

needed

there, it

Europe

the

in

or

test, but

would

would
Dr.

with
do

in

M.

L.
in

keynote
case

gold

in

the
a

best

had

recently

be

to

introduced

work
into

individual

wherever

operator
is

gold

always
always

are

teacher.

good

a

for each

asked

been

anything,

prove

be

motion,

We

must

case.

in human

put

was

and

worked
but

fill

to

that

against a

that

was

on

of

of

his

not

smooth

proof

no

methods

gold

the German

this

was

a

as

glass
it

what

tooth.

different

kind

gold tubes
that

York, said that Dr. Barrett

regai-dto combining
which

condense

"Mine

all others

walls

absolutely solid; that he did
would
or
rotary process
put gold in any
liim either in
to
meet
challenged Herbst

hand; that the proper

with

and

mass

says:
and

way,

cavity in preserving the

Rhein, New

the

the

needed

doubtless

rotary

with

all

of

mastery

contact

up

who

"

not

was

he

not

business; gold could
surface

had

America;

that

way

will

the

perfect operation. The

a

said that

Herbst
he

build

onl}^right
is the

which

Avay

pit; that

or

the

own

succeed,

not

believe

not

liis

insure

to

to

will have

you

solid

a

up

mallet.

method

mallet

build

to

produce finished,complete work, requires

systems.
of

the

country;

"

the

plan
"

that

struck

the

according to the
peculiar German

had
the

had

only
Herbst

been

very

method

Dental

could

"

which

"

malleted; that
worked
used

he

best

did

he

borrowed

with
mallet

the

claimed
to

his

gold

examined
of

had

been

it and
work

the

done

the

to

annealed

two

by the Herbst method, was
of ordinary gold; that work

use

fair test,

a

pronounced

done

as

clinic

instruments; that up
of his

none

had

operators

consider

not

welded; that the failure
but

449

only be successfullyemployed with that gold, which was
a very
soft,non-cohesive
gold,
especiallyfor that process
like working the burnisher
in a roll of butter
utely
absolwas
non-cohesive
in the bottle, although as solid in the tooth as if

made

had

Societies.

point where
and

it

due, not
which

to

that

the

thoroughly

three

or

he

as

years
the

he had

ago,

method,
done

last

method, with the German
September, by the Herbst
as
gold, was
if
done
that
he
Dr. Webb
in
was
a pupil of
yesterday;
perfectas
method
of preparing a cavity, and
the
contouring,but for the
Herbst
method
no
retaining pits or painful undercuts
were
quired,
rethis being one
of the great advantages of the Herbst
the surfaces and for contouring he used the
method.
For finishing
methods
mallet, combining the two
annealing tbe gold very
He
said
that Herbst
had shown
the greatslightlyfor the mallet.
est
ingenuity in the adaptationof the matrix on the anterior teeth,
making proximal cavities as simple as molar
crown
cavities; that
"

it

just as

was

work

to

was

have

to

necessary
malleted.

be

In

good strong walls as if all the
large cavities the walls could
very

with

be lined

filled in with
gold by the Herbst method, the centre
oxyphosphate,inwhich gold is again anchored and malletted for the
masticatingsurface; that there was not the slightestnecessityfor
of gold if the
enamel
impacting a large amount
edges are
fectly
persealed
and leakage from
the exterior prevented.
The
tity
quanof gold impacted is not a material
point,so that the tooth is
preserved.
Dr. Spaulding, Minneapolis, said that he understood
the Herbst
method
and

to

only

method,

piece on
that

the

mean

that
that

kind
he

introduction
of

Hood

another, without

it could

could

gold

used

of

and

a

new

gold

"

a

very

successfullyused
Reynold's gold; had

annealing and

burnished

be

it

picked apart; any kind of gold
cohere
the work
was
done
was
good gold; whether
by
method
method
other
with
or
a peculiar kind
by any
with any other
kind
of gold
the point was
simply
not

"

"

moisture
use

of

excluded.
any

one

It

method,

was
or

narrow-minded
any

one

to

material.

gold,

pure

be

by
laid

this
one

together
that
the

Herbst

of
to

so

would

gold
have

feel restricted

to

or

all
the

The

450

Archives

said

IngersoU, Keokuk,

Dr.

involved.
held

were

the

That

surfaces

attraction, which

Atkinson.

than

R.

"

S. Williams
This

other

any
soft

steel with

it

By
Herbst

it

makes
makes

gold

known,

iron;

It adheres

a

be

can

with

in Nos.

used

better
of

nodules; tap together and

using, and

from

hot

use

and

Atkinson.

Dr.
it into
Dr.

foil

my
the

discussions

different

germ

true

so

be

that

of

useful

So

truth."

the

cavity as

not

attrition

beyond

that

hardness

is

to

it is

in it

exclude

of

and

resists

that
filling

is

requisite. At

the

of

the

attention

roll;if
the

through

lent
exceluniform

a

heated

mill.

it
neal
An-

Williams

gold and
makes
a soft gold of
masticating surface.
Atkinson

120

or

or

speaking,many

if he

uses

420!

I cut

things pass through
In listeningto

members.

to

is

no

heresy

equally

mastication, that

that

true

and

mastication

meeting
members

and

using gold,

the
false

of

saying
that

there

is

has

an

in

not

doctrine

no

false.

something

moisture

so

of

Ulling, all through, is
packed against the walls

solid
so

and

is

solid
sufficiently

is all that

is necessary;

going beyond the point of utility,the
damage from being unyielding to thermal

A

the

make

is
a

Platinum

gold foil,makes

it is 60

speaker insists that a hard and
is
absolutel yesjsential. If the filling
the

tooth

home.

One

of

Its

to

tin.

To

as

30.

to

lamp.

whether

care

"there

That

it has

that

gold

or

than

might
younger
different
methods
the
regarding
of
of operating, reminds
me

manners

soft

rule?

I don't

"

divine:

eminent
a

a

anneal, and carry
strips,
others are
All2)ort."V^^\\\\e

mind

it

as

plat-

upon

approach

foil is.in

120

60

or

"

60

restore

tion
for mastica-

near

120

run

the

gold

ordinary

cylindersand in sheets, and
good color; adding iridium gives a good hard
ask Dr.
Dr. Darby, Philadelphia. Would

platinum

taking

"

can

surface

120

its

large proportion

a

harder

"

in

cal
electri-

means

himself

platefor clasps of 24 American
gauge.
the
platinum
plate,flow melted gold scraps on
will make

from

was

this

foil of

a

comparing

ordinary gold

to

iridium, with

and

that

pressure,

great advantage is its hardness; also
color.

principles
by burnishing
when
hered
they ad-

contact

pressure;

"

iridium.

and

into

brought

three

or

his system.

by

inuin

two

were

developed cohesion.
two
principles Dr.

these

of

advantage
Dr.

there

together by atmospheric
the effect of rapid rotary

from

contour

Dentistry.

of

excludes

of

the

association

to

the

difference

moisture
in Boston
between

to

sist
re-

going

additional

changes.
is

all

that

I called
cohesive

The

452

He

noticed

had

Did

that

fingers and

in his

than

useful
to

Young

time,

taught

cannot
to

the

lamp

he

as

It

get

what

to

point stick.
practice what

to

instrument

no

it

when

ant
import-

was

wall.

it would

place where
Atkinson

Dr.

more

cervical

the

to

up

it in the

use

masticating surface.
California,in

wished; that
The

had

had

complish
ac-

said

had

been

1,

2

3, and

and

seen

was

had

No.

to

it for the

from

Blake, of

nothing equal

had

perience
ex-

with

results

of

work

yield,or

not

got better

found

for
produce any shade he wanted
pains he could get the very
proper
could
hardly be distinguished that
shades

he

first he

He

1876.

stiff;would

too

was

platinum-gold rolled; he

the

was

roll

4

the

men

essential

most

Referring

satisfactory.

not

60

liked

No.

a

gold, Dr. McKellops said that he had not had as much
with
it as with
platinum gold, but the experience he

iridium

under

we

make

to

matrix, there

where

be

Allport took

flame

the
He

Jack;

work.

good

was

or

must

men

it in

Dr.

of

those

save

soft foil Dr.

using

the

Dentistry.

of

it adhesive?

About

taught.

they

in

stuck

make

that

not

Aechives

since; could almost
using it ever
contouring front teeth; by taking
best
the

teeth

filled.

were

less than

nothing

the

results; across

it

table

used

He

60, Williams'

No.

of

York, in light pellets.

New
Dr.

Abbott.

Herbst

"

Wished

method,

Practitioner
it was

that

things that

had

had

published

the

proper

could

not

little

a

into

otherwise

safe

to

to get
shapes was
depend entirely upon

with
of

ments,
straight instrudoing a hundred

under

The

cuts.

Herbst

That

method.

of

object
it
That

was

the

sion
give sufficient cohewith
there was
to resist where
any purchase. A fillingmade
annealed
electric
red-hot
all the
the
mallet, and
through,
way
If
it
would
admit
of
break
could
not
taking out the
apart.
stand any
He
remarked
that nothing had
use.
matrix, it would
of Dr.
been
said, in the discussion, of the bridgework
Parmly
Brown; that he was well pleased with the specimens he had
seen,

rubbing

seen,
no

process

in the

both

without

instruments;

accomplished.
the

the

of his set of

admit

into

to

ent
Independ-

all cavities

be

reference
The

experience.

would

curve

with

more

illustrations

curved

new

not

he had

as

word

one

say

impossible to get

while

his

to

and

hand

admitting

of

irritation;also

teeth
Dr.

in the

mouth

in

annealing

the

would

It

mouth.

close

not

was

the

finest he

had

yet

all

ai'ound,creating
adaptation
gum
admitting of restoringthe perfect shape of the
a great
advantage in talking.
to

the

"

Morgan, Nashville,

said

there

was

one

absolute

essential

Dental

to

ill the

success

medication

proper
more

the

upon
of

had

of

of

is well

removed
the

of

are

hundred

a

form;

crumpled

with

the

upon

that
had

had

depends
ulation
manipthat

upon
been

been

never

the

was

Another

built

opened;
regard to

point in
in the foil,previous to placing it
in compacting.
If
more
pressure
pellet,and it requires a pressure

the

pound to flatten it out;
require ten pounds pressure.

than

crowns

followed.

if there

one

that

Success

root.

root

pulp-chambers

angles in

and

lay especial stress

to

impacting gold: every angle made
in the cavity,requires that much
there

the

the

beautiful

periostitishad

course

of

453

crowns,

of

condition
It

which

artificial

treatment

crown.

he

teeth

upon

and

healthy

the

point,for
of

insertion

Societies.

Gold

are

thousand

a

in smooth

angles

surfaces

has

it will

the

best

thousand

down.
angles to break
said that a filling
should
be perfectlysolid,but there are
one
where
to be solidlycompact,
throughout, is a disadvantage;
there is no
for expansion, thermal
room
changes will break
frail edges. Another
of teeth
saved
are
point: hundreds
not

Some
cases

when
down
now

that

are

saved

the iathers

by

our

would

the matrix

made

be

a

have

condemned

methods

new

in certain

matrices

always

up

and

but
localities,

simple

cavities

the

to

materials.

new

everywhere;

not

in all

forceps; they

but

cases,

it

Would
said

was

this

use

that

would

not

advantage, a compound fillingbeing sometimes
easier than a simple one.
Dr. Allport. I desire
make
to
an
explanation.
My friend
McKellops said that I annealed
gold and used the mallet and
my
I desire to say that the large part
thereforeI used cohesive gold.
of the gold that I use
in the filling
of
a
cavity is non-cohesive;
an

"

when

I build

up

Now,

gold.
need

outside

misunderstand

I seldom

do,

obliged
with

to

do.

cohesive

take

but

me.

cavity I use,
will explain how
I
Suppose I make

which
No

as

I

of

a

those
man

with

can

who

use

fill the

non-cohesive

as
use
a

all dentists

hesive
co-

gold, so that no one
retainingpoint,which

cohesive

gold
retainingpoint

gold.

do,

I do

it in

are
as

usually
perfectly

this

way:

I

little

pelletand anneal a small point; then I put the non-cohesive
down
into
portion
retaining point and fill it perfectly,
my
leaving the cohesive portion on the surface; then take another piece
a

in the
on

same

the

putting the non-cohesive
point of
cohesive
point of the first every time.
way,

there
point of cohesion
off or rollingabout
in

is
the

danger, of the
cavity,and that

no

second

the

second

With

let
pel-

this little

piece tumbling

is all there

is

about

it.

454

A

The

Akchines

largeproportion of

to
My friend seems
exclusivelycohesive

the

only

hand

use

Kulp.

drinks

be

again. It is an
eating; it is the

old
same

masticate

not

side

other
abrade

on

I

on

one

lost

of

the front

attention

my

hand

the

mallet

I

gold.

must

is

force.

I

where

it

mallet, instruments.
smilar

a

effect

mixed

to

molar

what

to

different
the

on

molar;

platesand

and

On

the

of the

cusp

other

I have

satisfaction,and

molars

the

J. JR.

My

the

worn

cohesive

and

is cohesive
molecule

Patrick.

capped,

I

"

for

two

he is

it man's
We

using.

if pure;

different

where
in

One

is

with

with

inner

fully
perfect
teeth.

know

what
and

adhesive
All

interfere

with

merely
and

gold
one

There

another.

another

lost

the front

to

terms

to

the

are

confusion.

nothing

the

the back

duty

gold,but they are

interlocks

molecule

the

some

contact

for dentist's

names

hear

creates

there

absolute

first

had

the

When
on

of

wanted

with

years

am

hold

and

of mastication

powers

work

non-cohesive, which

coming

names.

I

feel that

is that

material

many

off.

the

on

qftackadvertisement

a

molar

the

ances.
appli-

began to
sore.
My

become

perfectlyrestored.
abraded, separate the jaws with caps

are

Dr.

I had

bicuspid taken

restored, and
teeth

side

a

side; I could

other

other

the

call

we

lose

to

appliances,nor

forward

push

to

misfortune

artificial

my

lost

teeth

the

twenty

lower
with

had

I
the lion in his den.
to beard
bridge-work. I concluded
I
the front teeth.
to
save
jaws separated somewhat
my
bicuspid and molar capped and a bridge put in to supply
teeth.

use

troduce
for I in-

in locations

pressure

I

tried

the

called

was

non-cohesive

entirelymistaken,
operations with mallet

know.

a

side

because

and

of

badly off,for I am going back to bridge-work
saying that the proof of the pudding is in the
with
of it mybridge-work. I am a wearer
self

I
speak whereof
and
a
bicuspid,and
Later

use

subjects have

and
molar

this he

and

mixed

shall

we

gold. In
nearly all

I

perfectoperationswith

If

"

therefore

that because

instruments

is difficult to make
Dr.

think

in

gold

is
filling

my

Dentistry.

of

the

are

cial
commer-

be*

mass

homogeneous; when adhesive something intervenes and prevents
sive
adheNon-cohesive
to mean
thfc unity of molecules.
seems
brought together and held together like two pieces of wood
time
in discussing
have
glued with mucilage. We
spent much

comes

"

the

Herbst

better.
the

I can't

direct

might
molecules

method.

be

blow.
done.

It
how

see

If
We

into contact

serves
we

gold
must

with

purpose

a

get

can

of

was

have
each

and

cohesive

the

same

direct
other.

teaches

us

how

to

do

results

as

well

as

by

character

percussion

as

to

butter
drive

it
the

Societies.

Dental,

is adhesive
Dyer, Chicago. Gold
passing it through the lamp destroys any
Dr.

and

when

"

makes

it cohesive

also.

cohesive

foreign body;

Will

Dr.

in

has

solid

said

could

he

been

that
not

was

the

see

mallet

recommended

by

the

half

which

on

build

to

the

by

"soft

of

condense

to

ticism
eclec-

of

face,
sur-

By
get

we

pressure,

use

the

method.

Herbst

mallet

or

when

consistency of putting a

the

hand

advocate

an

using

gold, under

foundation

he

some

so-called

soft,but

and

bottom

non-cohesive

using

as

to

unite

particlesof gold

the

pure;

matter

adhering

means

gold is very
cohesive
gold.

Chicago,

Ames,

in the

as

is when

practice,but

mass

Adhesiveness

absolutely

of extraneous

film

Cohesive

brought together.
gold" is not as soft

soft

455

electric

the

a

let
mal-

in

finishingthe surface.
Why depend on welding?
the

of

it make,

does

was

the

In

solid?

vided
pro-

inaccessible

piitting gold in
in favor
of hand-pressure,as
giving
or
instrument, whether
using cohesive
is made

mass

points, he

difference

What

better

mand
com-

non-cohesive

gold.
Dr.

1881,
he

said

Taft

International

the

at

specimens

saw

with

smooth

a

upon

did

pointed

in

lined

by

Dr.

cohesive

gold in this manner,
gold; the lining was
very

and

the

advantage claimed
the walls, better than by any
other method.
after
seeing the specimens and
witnessing
advantages

some

of the

Herbst

method

of soft foil introduced
the

centre

As

to

the

should

use

be

taken

Daboll

with

the
with

the

the

that

of

filled up
Dr.

matrix

not

of

case

sive
cohe-

with

the

could

doubt,

operation,
The

method.

that

it is liable
reduced
are

to

common

up

one

all young

proximal fillings.This

There

to

No

says

matrix

edges, and
comes

non-

that

ciple
prin-

a

Daboll

cavities.

cervical

other

caution, as

are

with

the walls,
lining,all over
a
points with
rotary motion;
cohesive
non-cohesive
or
gold.

with

of the

use

which

the

is that

in every

the

crown

any

matrix

matrix

matrix

Where

be

over

smooth

considei'able

simple

adaptation to
up.

of

use

said

to

then

can

with

lined

finished

contour

ner
man-

same

pasting gold

like
were

section,

mired.
adand
much
was
perfectly done
was
more
thorough adaptation to

The

it possesses

in the

was

walls

smooth

the dental

in

Blount
It

In

in his method.

alone

London,

instrument.

The

surface.

stand

not

meeting

of cavities

smooth

a

Herbst

that

the

square

some
crown

to

must

Dr.

ties
proximal cavipoints in filling

all

cavities,as in the

lateral borders

against

mislead.

men

the

all the
cervical

way
bor-

The

456

der

will be

there

is exercised
skill than
the
matrix
said

will not

is the
C.

Dr.

fit up

case

TV.

wished

then

it will weld.

All

be

always the same
given to it by the method
Dr. Bropliy said that

and

exposed to
experience

vise
ad-

not

did

Patrick

know

not

The
had

all

about.

had

one

the

He

in

of

treatment.

gold

He

If

had

wanted

it

placed

in any

as

that
metal.

other

of

drawer
that

Pure

of aqua

fumes

to

it cohesive
a

the

qualitiesare

choice

said

He

know

it is treated.

no

in

butter
of

gold

temporary

he

ammonia.

of

worked

submitted

was

like

soft

management

in which

quality,but

when

quite

gold,

in

carelesslyused

are

the

on

have

manner

it non-cohesive
fumes

is

gold
depends

another.

than

wanted

he

Dr.

borders.

non-cohesive

non-cohesive.

it became
rather

it;if

the

given by

is

ammonia

would

question. Dr. Taft
himself, saying non-cohesive.

who
preparation. Those
great variety of behavior

may

He

school.

in its

Variety

requiresmore

point explained.

cheese;

a

few.

he

ask

corrected

or

is

it

absolutelyessential.

that
to

to

"

there

greatest skill

the

used;

very

cervical

all go

must

as

gold

the

thing

a

soft
Taft. The terms
interchangable. Sometimes

gold

instrument

curved

use

we

and

like that

Dr.

to

point unless

except where

to

Spalding

soft gold

would

finest

very

matrix

ought

man

If that

that

possessed except by
of the

use

no

said

is

the

Dentistry.

of

deficiencyat

a

and

Archives

one

facture
manu-

he

annealed

where

it

had

had

he

was
no

the
constructing bridgework, but he had examined
It claimed
be something
work
of others.
to
strong and simple,
what
he had seen
was
a plate,but
supplying missing teeth without
in

it
For one
teeth
in his judgment.
two
or
anything but satisfactory
for a certain time, but for four or
a very
good purpose
might serve
it would
and two
five teeth
bicuspids even
say the first molar
"

"

result

soon

in

adaptation of
which

in

It

failure.

There

teeth.

the

would

secretions

possible to

not

was

would

sooner

accumulate

He

offensive,destroying the adjacent teeth.
several

the

adaptation of

work.
pose.
it

teeth

was

Dr.

than
incisor
have

Why not
Bridgework

teeth

a

would

bridgework as
be gold
there must

gold plate?

would

become

such

wear

result

It would
loss of

in the

later be

or

and

absolute

secure

a

exceedingly
be

rather
he

had

in

the

a

bridge-

better

teeth

out
withIn

seen.

visible

serve

space

to

pui-which

attached.

Ilorton, Cleveland,

dentistryseemed

to

said
cover

that
the

the

present

whole

discussion

field of

of

practice.

ative
operThat

Dental

it had
of

been

teeth

said that the

as

old

saved

was

methods
the

at

457

Societies.

saved

large

as

present

proportion

believed

He

time.

a

that

to the
though the old fathers had but little light,they worked
up
of cohesive
light they had; that the introduction
gold had added
saved
the
to
of teeth
to
one
now
were
light,so that hundreds
filled then.
Teeth
that formerly were
doomed
the forceps are
to

saved.

now

Blount

That

Herbst

did

his instruments

gave

man

succeed

can

methods.
the

Combine

head,

Dr.

have
the

hand

Dr.

"

acquainted with

mallet

proximal

mechanical
all

by

I do

could
not

mallet.

electric

mallets

necessary.

Dr.

and

not

be

believe

he

Operative Dentistry,Section

STATE

ILLINOIS

Geo.

meant

IV

I would

to

say

say

that

I

that

I

others, and

and

use

said that

McKellops

filled without

well

matrix

the

as

that.

passed.

DENTAL

[continued
Dr.

as

insinuated

rather

of the

use

when

means

cavities

it,but

the

McKellops

work.

in this

educated

all be

must

No

knowledge of all
sound
judgment;

with

systems

ing
rotat-

side walls.

and

cervical

that

method;

rapid,but

not

"

pretty thorough

a

various

heart

Detroit.

Bonwill's

with

has

the

and

Thomas,

not

was

till he

foil to the

his

in

alone

rotary motion

a

the

to carry
sufficiently

stand

not

from

page

SOCIETY

320.]

on
Gushing read a paper
Operative Dentistry in
which
he pointed out
of the causes
of the failure of fillings
some
and
urged the importance of great thoroughness in all operations
cavities of decay,
said formerly,filling
He
on
pulplessteeth.
extractingteeth, and removing salivarycalculus comprised the full
of the duties of dental practice. But now,
lations
symphathetic rerange
the teeth and
other
are
recognized as existing between
of the body, and diseases of the teeth affect other organs
to
organs
is required,that
such an extent
that a good knowledge of medicine
and relieve such conthe dentist may
be able to successfullymeet
ditions.

Formerly,
dentist's
are

to

H.

creasote

and

materia-medica,

in constant

use

but

are

also

at

and. every

properly dispense them.

of tumors

opium

included

constituted,

this time
dentist

Fractures
in dental

the

thirtyor
is expected
of the jaws
practice.

bulk

and

the

medicines

more

to

of

be

competent

the

removal

The

Diseases

Archives

be

Dentistry

oy

studied

good knowledge of niateriamedica
and therapeutics is essential
to an
intelligentpractice. A
fair knowledge
of general, and
accurate
an
knowledge of special
and physiology is required,and
an
anatomy
ability to apply the
A first requisite is
principlesof general surgery is also essential.
mechanical
a high degree of
skill,coupled with delicate manipulative
must

ability;and
are

there

several;

of

cavities
There

their

break

of

cavities

unless
of

of

infected

"

A

this

its

of

from
walls

should

until

the

tion
prepara-

the

is difficult.
ble
that is lia-

area,

in determining

advisable

is

use

tion
introductive
defec-

sometimes

are

pecially
es-

with

case

always
cavity previous to the

a

fillings

greatlyassists

lens

filling. The fillingsthemselves
overlapping, especiallyat weak

any

be

to

examination

it is removed.

condition

the

of

defective

liable

thorough
decay an

area,

tion
observa-

sufficientlyenlarged

not

and

close

failure

lies in the

is most

their

and

the

of

causes

are

This

that

extent

determining

they

margins.

down
the

in

Often

around

a zone

the

to

tuition

long

a

frequent cause

one

located

so

is

to

As

cavities.
at

a

acquire these

to

necessary.

are

and

points.

weak

These

be given
should
particularattention
to the preparation of the cervical
margins of all proximal cavities.
There
exists
also
a
over-malleting.
strong tendency towards
is commonly
Less
force
is required to ensure
than
compactness
be
hand
should
employed
supposed. Soft
gold and
pressure
be

cut

and

away,

margins are
protectionagainst the

covered

contoured

open

of

sufficient

at

Dentists

afford

Crowns

the

lines,with

gum

ample

should

be

view

a

so

to

liable

are

to

do

in

allow

to

hour

one

themselves
that

which

be

to

would

hurried,

require

and

thus

for

two

its

execution.

proper
These

ideas

not

are

repeated again and
Pulpless

teeth

medical

among

but

new,

they

again, to ensure
require special

must

proper

reiterated

be

There

care.

is great

concerning pulplessteeth, and
absurd, and are
quite contrary

men

The

fault

relative

to

on

the

dentists,however,

among
the

proper

subject

lies
difficulty

treatment

been

have
in

a

lack

of

is not

such

be

must

"

observance.

published vieAvs are
dentists.
of intelligent

chief

to

mallet.

the

spaces

gold

cleanliness.

promote

attempt

impact

leave

to

as

with

a

teeth;

ignorance
of

many
to

lack

of

at

least

the

their

ence
experi-

knowledge
the

ings
teach-

ample and in the main correct;
of ability to successfullyapply

the
the

The

460

Dr.
are

H.

J,

afford

that

be

they can
clearingthe root
the first to
but

good,

not

broaches

I think

canals.
use

broaches

as

convenient

then

are

allowed
I

G.
cotton.

with

the

as

Swiss

is red

Orleans,

New

bristles

broaches.
lime

broaches.

in

The

used

being
and

box

hot, when

are

These

the

tents
con-

is

mass

as

such

aid

valuable

a

first-class

doing

required;and waxed
agent for separating the
is

implement

an

in

convenient

a.

smaller

and

than

in the

the

the

canal

they

as

canals

to

favor

Dr.

S.

C.

be

which
to

this

we

would
apex

at

the

from

us

corners

the

state

the
teeth.

If

restored

or

and

preserve

the

must

be

health

to

success

where

the

this

all

passed.

little

a

The

manufacturer

five

are

tated
ro-

as
as

cementum,
unless

broach

bestow

much

too

tion
atten-

on

being diseased, the tooth
dead
a
pulp implies disease
be disregarded, if
not
must

after

cases

condition

tooth

closed, or

it with

expect

be

be

pulplessteeth, and fail to
longing
beof the
peri-dentalmembrane
is preserved in
this membrane
a

treatment

membrane,

closes

We

"

these

the

should

rotation.

easy

consider

is to be

it

should

in any

or

of the sharpness
difficulty,
by reason
are
designed to cut, and as we do not
should
be slightlyrounded
or
corners

some

easilypresei'ved. In

of

finished

reaming
employed

and

reverse,

Ingersoll,Keokuk, Iowa.
the methods
of operating

to

healthy

the

not

come

with

These

dulled

properly

be

to

instrument

The

into

for this purpose

upon

be

wrapping broaches
held longitudinally

should

wrappings

canals.

root

corners.

them

should

cotton

canals, and

broaches

of the

of

of

Morrison, St. Louis, is opposed

fit the

to

sided

fibres

method

his

broach.

enlarging

made

cases

of

box, unslacked

box

demonstrates

instrument,

W.

way

nature

the

broaches

Donaldson's

the

as

the

over

efficient and

an

The

the

of

Dr.

the

where

Newkirlc

with

may

Badger,

broaches

own

barbed

not
can-

"

Dr.

use

and

use

iron

an

matrices

cases

tape I value

end

to

until

Jack's

in those

teeth.

F. M.

our

use

We

cool.

to

regard

work

heated

I

broaches

them.

make

to

for this purpose.

in

fill between, around,

to

Dr.

Swiss

10

make

can

required
cheaply.

so

No.

that

says

expert

an

time

bought

tempered

are

not

one

the

spend

to

when

was

no

Dentistry.

of

St. Louis,
3fcKello2)s,

delicate

so

Aechiyes

this
could

a

useful

nearly
as

as

is

at

practicable,unless

is sometimes

passage
be

so

foramen

The

organ.

done.

is sealed.

readily passed

You

I have

not
can-

found

through

the

and

foramen,
I

months

found

which

broach

G.

Dr.

it

passed

had

Black.

The

"

yet

closed

opening,

with

formerly passed

V.

times, and

many

nature

is at

as

dentine

The

is

this appearance

will

show

aspect of

whitened

of the

Cushing

Dr.

Black

what

enamel

is

a

injured where
after

traction,
ex-

magnified

when

found

has

infested

to be

produced by

This

removed.

been

dition
pathologicalcon-

a

by micro-organisms.
of enamel
zone
beyond

or

removed.

be

examined

be

cut

the enamel

of

is

shaving

will

fail to

what

be

can

covered
dis-

thinks

that

injury

does

enamel

to

beyond

extend

not

magnifying glass discloses.

a

Dr.

molars.

affected.

is not
Dr.

if

of second
often

are

away

should, therefore, be enlarged

cavities

enamel

the

asks

teeth

cut

preparing

enamel

the

same

cavities.

much

So

delicate

a

not

slight,should

so

these

injured

tissue

gum

ever

If

Such

all the

uutil

in

do.

and
distinctly,

the

base

the

at

it

that

find

injury
micro-organisms.

with

should

we

present.

will

you

area

bicuspids, also, we

unaffected, but

be

may

we

the

longer.

no

do

that

three

of

and

pass

posterior surfaces

the

whitened, be

all

states

end

the

at

would

affected

all the

of

this
ease

paper

to
remove
sufficiently
is
This
especiallytrue of
On the proximal surfaces
as
laterallyas much
away

461

Societies.

Dental

asks

BropJnj

injury is

of this

much

how

due

action

the

to

of

lactic acid.
Black

Dr.

the

through
should

be

the

adapted
and

teeth

"

to

they will probably
seriouslyimpaired

again

come

Don't

themselves.
unless

there

is

a

into

of

advise

this
be

contact,

shape

educated

large and

reasonable

and

case

to

hope

that

should
to

do

much

if cut

in mastication.

for usefulness

wedging, patientscan

to

given

any

treated, and

be

to

in

except

the

operations are likely to receive in the fu.
be wedged apart, for if cut away,
teeth must

teeth

between

of teeth

the kind

condition

this

get

your

Bell-crowned

ture.

cannot

micro-organisms."
The
practice pursued

of

agency

J. ISF. Grouse.

Dr.

care

-'You

answers.

Permanent

As

this

of

much

rations
sepa-

made.

be

not

are

work

expensive operationsin tilling,
the

will

work

be

taken

care

of afterwards.
Children
the

can,

dentist,

condition

repeated

be

of training, I
by a proper course
brought to the point of becoming

of their teeth, and
instruction

and

of

actual

keeping them
demonstrations

mean

training by

interested
This

clean.

by

the

in the

requires
dentist.

Archives

The

462

in

how

children

Show

if you

to

expect

The

Manifest

presence.

your

the

the

forms

of

the

treatment

in

thing

teeth,

decay

Sometimes

or

manent
per-

they are prohibited by
other
arising from

conditions

by

or

part.

prevent

upon.

sometimes

best, and

their

on

is, to

decide

to

require them to do it
their
teeth yourselves,

interest

of teeth, that

difficult

separationsare

and

interest

an

treatment

most

a

teeth

corresponding

a

arouse

preventive

re-decay, is

their

cleanse

to

Dentistry.

of

causes.

In

of

exposed pulps

still continue

practice. I

to

piano-wire broach

The
the

Swiss

can

be

after

broach

made

I have

in

change

no

pulps by capping.
is not
that
stiffness
possessed by

conserve

has

a

it has

annealed, and

been
which

passed into canals, into

the

it

for that

reason

broach

will

common

not

readily enter.
As

of

kind

the

to

foil best

gold

to

I

use,

think

it

advantageous
gold for a large
Retaining pits are

patient and to myself to use non-cohesive
in size.
portion of a fillingabove the average
tuted;
of non-cohesive
in the use
not
gold,grooves being substinecessary
and, as retaining pits are, as a rule, objectionable,that is an
of gold.
for the preference for this form
additional
reason

to

my

A
half

alive

gold

Noyes.

other; that

Dr.
force

Gold

gold

made

tilling.
W.
W. Allport."The

surfaces

are

the

form

employed

the

When

for

ble
dura-

a

to

hear
not

the

Dr.

seem

two

the
Black
to

me

gold

chief

of

difference

be

in

by
into
the

each

to

applied
the

employed.

If

flat

rounded

if

gold

is

the

used

two
as
or

faces
sur-

easily
tability
adap-

more

this

cohesive, and

necessary

tin,are

and

on

cutting away

either

metals, gold and

is

is

gold depends

Non-cohesive
than

it

force

spread,-but

is not

advocate
to

saved

think

relation

their

instrument

of the

cavities,

mechanical

the

spreading

forciblyapplied, it is.
adapted to inequalitiesof surface

It does

give

walls,but I don't

change

to

are

constitutes

their

spread by

not

into

wedged

be

can

be

can

is, gold is

applied and

sorry

to

tin

he

in
irregularities

other

of

molecules

it in

Gold

"

beater.
and

grooves

to

with

of

use

thought exposed pulps were
"Not
many."
in the cavity as
be beaten
cannot

asked
if
Kulp, when
by capping, answered,

Z"r. E.
the

finish

and
large filling,

a

by the
gold

elegant surface.

and
Dr.

of

more

or

made

be

operation may

useful

and

good

I

kinds.
much

as

he

am

does.

advisable.
in the

same

filling.

Societies.

Dental

I

be

prefer that they

twisted

inserted

together and
follow

to

seems

metals

two

Dr.
lack

W.

A.
of

be

cannot

Harlan.

systematic method

a

of

when

such

to

is liable
certain

they

hours
not

are

by

seen

assistant,or

call another

the

of the

pulplessfrom

a

other.

union

or

There
like

removed

this

an

after

such

dentist.

that

nor

call

work

your

this.
the

at

their

I

reserve

time,

proper

business

with

an

fine
de-

vainly attempt to
cannot
distinguisha

men

of them

deciduous

a

gaged
previously en-

allow

not

they

Many

living tooth,

do

Medical

been

hurried, and

transact

must

day.

has

become

unless

but

me,

time

practiceI

callers,and

for

duties

will

In my

it.

show

to

find

mixed

something

metals,

we

your

else, you

one

some

each

to

fillingsare

of years,

interrupted by callers when

be

the

foils

two

separated mechanically.
is a
in fillings
of failure
principalcause
of practice. If you allow
yourself to

A

"

is, the

in this relation

peculiarunion

a

amalgamation of them, for
number
a
having been worn
the

that

combined,

463

molar

from

a

nent
perma-

one.

Dr.

TF. D.

gold, and
the
that

Ames.

cause,

I found

situations

I

such

D.

in

spreads

not

otherwise.

Sitherioood.

"

is out

of the

For
the

that
fillings

so-called

gold

are

ering
of discov-

purpose

in

cavities

non-cohesive

use

in the

cavities

because

have
the

by

one

not

treatment

cessible.
easilyac-

proved
gold with imlayer sliding

studied

not

cavities

the

of such

general practiceof medicine.
friction in mastication
subject to much

platinizedgold, and

find

it much

more

durable

tions
conditeeth

I

use

than

alone.

Dr.
do

line of the

of cohesive

use

mostly happened

Physicians

present in pulpless teeth

the

for the

portions of

now

Gold

another, and
G.

failures

failures
or

success.

Dr.

the

practicewith

my

my

difiicult of access,
In

ujjon

began

I examined

when

were

I

"

not

flatten

L.

Ottofy.
"

move

upon

out, and

thus

I don't
each

think

gold spreads; that is,the

other; but

masses

under

molecules

non-cohesive

of

gold

mallet.

the
spread
Water
is spread by being pressed upon;
the plumber
Dr. Black.
the dentist
cannot
spreads the lead used in securing joints;why
spread gold upon the same
principle?
Dr.
C. W.
Louis.
Gold
the force
St.
Spalding,
spreads under
of the blows
other
metals
of a mallet, just as it and
spread in the
be forged in the cavity of a
that gold may
act of forging. I mean
are

"

"

tooth, provided the proper

force

is

applied in

the

proper

direction.

Archives

The

464

if
packing a tilling,
tight at all points,just go
After

doubtful

are

you

and

you

find the

will

fillingwith

the

of

margin being

the

about

surface

the

over

suitably shaped instrument,

Dentistry.

of

gold

a

ily
be read-

can

injury to the tooth.
against the wall-margin without
of repeated demonstration,
This
is not
an
opinion; it is a matter
The
that I constantly practice.
and one
point of the instrument
the
the edge of the plug, and
be
of course
should
placed near
intelligent
shape of this point will suggest itself to every
proper
driven

mind.
J.

H.

Dr.
does

McKellops
cohesive

think

not

in the

consolidated

agree

gold

can

be

passed

then

were

of dental

advancement

for the

|to

after

it has

been

death

of

the

on

H.

Geo.

by
Palmer,

C.

Iowa, by
and

Sanborn,

C.

J. Taft

Harlan,

W.

Chittenden,

P.

E.

E.

B.

votion
debors
la-

earnest

its fourth

held

Tuesday,

chair.

and

and
T.

H.

C. A.

S.

; Louisiana,

and

C. Wasson

L.

W.

A. T. Metcalf

Brown;

J. F.

man,

his

represented,the

were

Maryland, by

Darby;
and

R. Thomas,
S. B.

A.

Gushing,

E. T.

by

Verbeck.

conscientious

Examiners

in the

J. Taft

Ohio, by

members:

new

H.

Dr.

EXAMINERS.

DENTAL

of Dental

President
August 4, 1885.
The
following State boards

being

H.

Hall, Minneapolis, Minn., commencing

in Curtiss

session

erly
prop-

science,

OF

Association

National

The

He

speaker.

continued.]

be

ASSOCIATION

NATIONAL

by

spread

last

the

and Dr. S.
Quincy, Dr. D. B. Baker
Sturgiss,of Quincy, spoke of the long and
his professionalduties, and
to
of Dr. Lewis

Dr.

by

with

of

Lewis,

N.

not

cavity.

resolutions

Memorial

does

A.

four

last named

Smith;

Illinois,

Kitchen; Pennsylvania,
G.

Michigan, by

Waters;

by Joseph Bauer; Indiana,

Dickinson,

J. T.

J. Hard-

Abbott,

sas,
Hughes; Dakota, by S. J. Hill; KanWm.
Shirley; Wisconsin, by Edgar
G.

Marcklein,

E.

C.

French,

and

J. S.

and
G. V. I. Brown.
by S. T. Clements
not
ent:
presfollowing boards belonging to the association were
New
Virginia, Mississippi,
Vermont,
Jersey, Georgia, West

Reynolds; Minnesota,
The

South
The

Carolina,

Kentucky.

following resolutions

Hesolved,
action

and

of the

That

this

Wisconsin

were

association
and

other

adopted:
most
earnestly
State

Boards

commends

of Dental

the
Examin-

Dental

Societies.

465

in

refusing to accept the diplomas of the so-called Wisconsin
Dental
the ground that it is not a
on
College located at Delavan.
boards
the
to which
to all State
reputable school, and recommends
diplomas of that institution shall be offered that they likewise refuse
ers,

them.

Resolved,
in the

study

be

not

the

As

of

and
dentistr}',
eligibleto registrationas

considered

Resolved, That

this association

holding diplomas
Ontario

be

granted

Whereas,
restrictive

The
in its

be

to

Royal

law

that

College

of

all

Dental

examination

to

State

of the

character; it is the
said

State

Legislature,seek

to

in

the

with

harmony

above

recommends

submit

to

dental

Resolved, That
the

the

dentists.

applicants

Surgeons

before

they

of
are

practice.

to

profession of
of its

from

required

license

association, that persons
engaged
physicianspracticingas such, should

of this

sense

the

of

said dental

dental

laws

State

law

be

to

of the other

instructed
Board

that

the

at

to

to

seems

body

Maryland should,

cause

the

to

Maryland

of this

sense

secretary be

resolution

of

tal
den-

the

session

next

so

be

amended

as

States.

forward

of Dental

a

copy

Examiners

of
of

Maryland.
this

Resolved, That
to

grant

unless

well

as

The
J.

satisfied

that

practicalclinical

of

years

licenses

temporary

fully

association

a

proper

secretary

and

Adjourned
of the
the

The
Dental
and

students,

instruction.

Such

or

had

applicantshave

Boards

not

others,

any

least

at

applicants

two

shall pass

examination.
were

then

elected

for

the

treasurer.
to

at

meet

American

meeting

such

all State

ensuing year:
Waters, vice-president;
George H. Gushing,

officers

Taft, president;T. S.

first-course

to

theoretical

following

recommend

of that

place to

be

selected

Association,

Dental

on

for

the

the

next

Monday

ing
meet-

preceding

body.

Twenty-second

Society will
Friday, November

the

be

Annual
held
5th

at

and

Valley
Meeting of the Connecticut
Massachusetts, Thursday
Springfield,
6th.

A

large
presented.

number

Papers and Reports will be
thousand
out
Last January this Society sent
one
obtain
statistics in regard to artificial dentures.

of

Sblank
It is

ing
interest-

forms

earnestly

to
re-

Archives

The

466

quested that
them

be

may

cordial

A

blanks

these

he returned
this

presented at

at

that

once,

report

a

from

meeting.

is extended

invitation

Dentistry.

of

all Dentists

to

Geo.

attend.

to

Maxfield,

a.

Secretary.

JOURNALISTIC.
'Reading

maketh

a

and

Concerning

Magitot:
author's

The

of

first

The

Magitot.

is aimed

is,is

the

the

by

questions
the

of

"

opposition to the
expression of con
dentair^''
'"'"syphilis

the presence

considered

erosion

Rachitis.

of

in

an

at

teeth, from
are

man;

Origin

merely

syphilis. Three

of

indication

ready

a

man."

criticism

is

notchings, which

crescentic

an

rachitis

deformed

Parrot, i. e., the

and

additional

an

criticism

genitalsyphilis.The

conference,
exact

an

Syphilitic

the

Parrot, that

of

theory

is

paper

full man;

writing,

are

teeth

of

furrows

him

(Parrot)as
propounded by
a

characteristic

hereditary syphilis (as Parrot considers it)?
a constant
(b) those
The
answer
is,no, for (a) it is not
symptom;
in
known
to have
acquired chancre; (c)it occurs
who
possess it are
of syphilitic
trace
in which
history is discoverable; (d) it
no
cases
animals
which
solutely
abother
in dogs, cattle and
are
sometimes
occurs
insusceptibleto syphilis. The second question is, does
have, as a necessary
consequent, notable trophic
hereditarysyphilis

the

are

their

appearance?

the

of

From

of

such
of

course,

a

the
but

evidences

the
cause

system and

nervous

conditions

answer

and

primary

The

asserts.

The

enamel

tissues, the

erosions

the

of

causes

their

in

late

a

convulsive

cause

may

dental
with

of the

Practitioner.

are

of
question,and the mechanism
is,a dystrophy of the two dental
ivory, but not an atrophy, as Parrot

is
the

to

arise

general
a

nutrition
e.

sudden
after

a

"

disturbances

;^and especiallyin

eclampsia.
g., infantile
in the development
stoppage

time,

furrows

the

condition.

in certain

found

be

character,

result that

recent

out
with-

in

tissue,which,

the

is,yes,

answer

presented are, usually,
ically,
teeth, defective anatomically and chemthird question is,what
The
appearance.

conical

small, misshapen,
and

apparatus?
phenomena which

the

but

doubt,

The

dental

the

of

disturbances

as

of

unfailing sign

and

Archives

or

resumes

the natural

notchings
of

Pediatrics

remain

dependen
in In-

The

468

in connection

taken

Archives

with

towards

Dentistky.

of

dishonesty and

desire

a

notorietyand

for

deficiencyof apparatus.
in quisitivecommittee,
had not
an
Ferran, seemingly to avoid
bacillus
in
preparations or specimens of the comma
far

gain, go

supplying

stages of evolution.
summed

be

may

avous

nous

etait

vior

for sale; he

further

trouble

thirsted

for fame,
is known

that

the

he

notoriety.

the

declares

to

go

Ferran
kind

that

be

warning
honest
by disonly be

a

wealth
it need
that

proves

Journal

"

If

attained

has

and

and
was

to

one

fraud.

inoculations

unreliable.

wholly

he

qui

prize of 100,000

example should
gain reputation or

of

Commission

French

false and

are

results

the

that

que

his secret

for any

gigantic

its

ce

appeal

His

would

who

time

ce

tout

every

Breant

the

of

certain

be

may

those
Of

of

waste

et

replied that

investigate this

as

to

assured
but

To

Ferran

tout

nouveau,

pas

vu.

pas

Dr.

seem

to

work.
said

n'etait

be

to

would

It

insignificantwords

very

served
pre-

Commission

report of the French

I'avous

ne

wished

francs.

for all time

the

his methods

to

as

whole

nousmemes

nous

nouvean

which

in

up

pas

question

The

Dr.

a

the

tistics
sta-

Medical

American

Association.

of

appeared
Viertiljahrsehrift
Buda-Pesth,
of

property

demonstrated
His

aconite

is

in

solution

to

of

use

alkaloid

the

ether, in which

he

sensitive

and

experiment

by actual

by Dr. Anton
regarding the

interest
obtunder

an

as

Dentine.

"

Qesterreichische Vngarische

article

an

Sensitive

ox

the

considerable

of

method

Acoxite

of

number

January

the

In

Effect

Anesthetic

The

of

Kozura,

anaesthetic

dentine, which

he

thorough investigation
aconite

of

saturates

a

small

in

concentrated

a

of

piece

and

Japanese

three

containing
mgm
the cavity,covering the
he
of the alkaloid, which
with an occlusive covering of gutta percha and allowing it to
same
from
remain
twenty-four to forty-eight hours, at which time the
without
causing any pain, provided there
cavity may be excavated

paper,

from

four

to

five

mm.

square,

introduces

is

no

require
sensitive

two

surface,
The

tive

three

or

the

aconite

portion,or

I

tro

intercurrent

the

enough to nearly
pain, lasting only

smaller

must

come

effect is

expose
while

cavity should
applications. The
the

full effect

in contact

only partial.

with
If

small, it may

more

from
the

the

pulp it will often cause
is being applied, however.

the
it

be

e

uncertain

more

into

uneven

the

one

cation.
appli-

entire

sensi.

cavity is deep
considerable
In

experi

469

Journalistic.

ments

the

on

dog

a

canine

two

ascertain

to

teeth

the

effect

drilled

were

produced
so

as

to

remain

pulp, the

aconite

allowed

removed,

the

in

hyperemia

and

further
of

amount

haemorrhage,

resulting

ever

He

applied and
pulp appeared
from

its

the

effect

that

says
aconite

possibilityof
applicationappears very

applied

the

that

so

well

as

is in

produced

mation
inflam-

any

ble.
questiona-

to

i. e., from
should

The
twenty-four to forty-eight hours.
instructed
the expiration
to call again before

be

eight hours,
subsides

soon

should

The

positiveand
2d.

If

pulp, it
4th.
the

at

should

end

5th.

any
The

power

of

increased
It
would

seem

sums

prepared

the

more

should

paper

surface.
with

contact

short

a

nearly exposed
without

duration, but

ducing
pro-

pulp.

aconite

obtund

to

dentine

sensitive

is lost

day, at which time the tooth may be
pain, the anaesthesia lastingtill the

in all

in

Paris

taken

the part,

over

Journal

cases.

the

that

is

there

as

the

used

of Dental

a

for

that

methyl
falls

favorable

It

was

rather

across

has
used
than

been
a

as

rectly
di-

of erythema, painfully
liability
even

muscular

superficial
sloughing.
and nerve
pains,but

for

dental

work,

its

action

extends

Science.

as

chloride

anaesthetic.

spray

part, and

mainly
promising agent
cocaine

"

local

a

effect is

ordinary sensitive cavities,
Dental
Headlight.

The

"

as

the

in

patients as

Anaesthetic.

being

a

described

manner

recommended

been

advantage
British

the

of
sensibility

has

the

nervous

latterlyemployed

upon

of

pain

causing any

Local

care

dull

of the second

it in

teeth

spray,

mouth

the

day.

same

New

close

on

the

sensitive

is put in

of the

without

is to be

A

a

ill effects

Using

in the
and

cause

beginning

of

forty-

preparation. He

the

that

entire

the

aconite

will

observed

be

with

the

excavated

patient
of

anseesthesia

investigationsin the following words:
larger the application,from six to eight mgm,
lastingthe result.

Care

3d,

with

main,
re-

of his

in contact

come

is

in contact

come

way

result

1st.

onl}^temporary, and the
time, especiallyif the fluids of

that

after

in any

the

up

effect

the

as

the

proportion to

it is allowed

the time

as

from

free

condition,

normal

a

pulp,

nearly expose the
two
days; when

to

out

dental

the

on

as

it possesses
more

it

the

deeply.
"

4:70

The

Acute

Abscesses.

poulticeto

a

The
the

Archives

further

should

abscess

should
of

syringed
and

the

and

union

be

couple

endeavor

of

of

minimum.

after its contents
to

To

with

a

it is

says

do

have

and

prevent
this the

not

to

been

to

ply
ap-

uated.
evac-

encourage

cavity of the

1,000 solution

1 to

mistake

a

abscess

mercuric

of

chloride
bi-

and
brought together by compresses
allowed
take place by gi'anulation.If
to

walls

size

until

The

Gross

be

pus.

out

large

days

S. W.

abscess

acute

an

formation

be

bandage,

Prof.

"

Dentistry.

of

tube

drainaoe

a

the

oozing

serous

should

should

tube

then

has

reduced

been

taken

be

left in

be

and

out

a

the

for

a

to

a

walls

the

brought close together. If the healing process be delayed by the
lated
development of flabby oedematous
granulations,they can be stimusolution
to a healthy action by the injectionof a three
per cent,
of carbolic acid or the applicationof chloride
of zinc gr. iij.,
aqua
S j. Medical

S. M.

J.

Bulletin.

"

SELECTION.

HELENINA."
Lancet

The

to

drug

a

having
its

which
in

been

articles

some

have

and

has disappointed many,
properties,
physiological
into undeserved

the

ANTISEPTIC.

appeared in recent
Boletin FarmacouticQ, of Barcelona, callingattention
in Spain, but
well known
to be
which, not
seems
the writer's opinion prescribed with due regard to
that

states

of the

numbers

NEW

A

active

found

principle

of

of the

articles

sprinkledwith

a

grammes

dried

added

helenium

"

is

to

helenina,

It

elecampane.

egg

urine, i.e.,one

in 10,000 parts.

en
fall-

merly
for-

was

It

has

Korab

The

faction
putrewriter

experiments. A slice of veal
solution
of twenty-livecentigrammes of helenina
of 28" C, reof alcohol, and kept at a temperature
mained

has

also made

perfectlysweet
An

drug referred

for itch and

in live liters of

in two

Inula

The

anthelmintic.
herpes, also as an
been found
to have
powerful antisepticproperties. Dr.
sufliicient to entirelyarrest
that tifty
centigrammes were
used

now

disrepute.

has

so

for

some

ten

days, by

300

grammes

which

time

it

was

pletely
com-

up.

beaten

up

with

of

water,

to

which

was

solved
thirty centigrammes (about five grains) of helenina, disin two
of alcohol, remained
unchanged at the temgrammes

171

Selection.

perature of

28"

without

drug,

the

hydrogen;

this

to

was

added, and

and

the

in

kept

acid, and

putrefactionof
Korab

with

that

the

of

helenina

in

drug,

due

had

helenina

as

egg

to

While

bacillus.

done.

the

writer

laboratory,he noticed that
replaced by the
vicinitywere

the

thrown

washings

pre

mencing
comcapable of arresting

were

the

his

present in the
the

the

required to

were

few

a

tubercle

the

of them

bolic
car-

helenina; but

of

instead

substances

these

with

made

were

eggs

drops of a solution of helenina
organisms in ordinary infusions, and also

found

killed

beaten-up

disappeared,
Similar
ments
experi-

change.

salicylicacid

larger proportions of
putrefaction,and none

vent

further

helenina

of

had

odor

the offensive

sulphide

of

strong odor

a

fifty centigrammes

no

and

urine, meat,

acid, boracic
much

of

minutes

few

a

emitted

hours

solution

a

similarlybeaten up
mentioned, rapidly

egg

the temperature

at

underwent

mixture

with

and

Another

days.

in twenty

and

decomposed,
of

C. for six

bad

also

in

vations
culti-

working

was

odors

aromatic

He

away.

ately
immedi-

ally
usu-

smell

noticed

of
that

that
time
at
were
commonly very numerous,
house
from
the whole
the mosquitoes were
kept away
absent; even
The
in which
drug has
during the months
they speciallyabound.
carbolic
in surgery
valuable
as
an
antiseptic when
proved most
It has been
acids and other agents had failed.
successfullygiven

insects,which

were

internally in
diarrhoea; and
carbolic

acid

is about

a
a

penny

fevers, tubercula,

malarial
it is
in the

thii'd of

grain.
"

expected

to

Listerian

system

grain

a

in

an

prove

infantile
excellent

catarrhal

and

substitute

for

The
dose
asepticsurgery.
mucilage, and the price is a

of

pillor

American.
Scientific

NOTE.

Owing
several
number

to

blunder

a

other

items

of

which

this Journal

of

and, although somewhat
stale

A

as

to

be

Caustic

Painless

solution

of

without

the

the

printer, all the

should
were

have

appeared

omitted.

belated,

we

editorial

trust

in the

They

are

they

have

hydro-chlorateof

become

not

C.

to

have

cocaine

been

found

in

in nitric acid.

and

September
published,

now

interest.

is said

matter

a

W.

so

S.

saturated

472

The

Archives

Dentistry.

or

CORRESPONDENCE.

Terre
Archives

Editor
is

happily

in Dr.

illustrated

publication deservedly
contribution

which

The

doubled

at

it "live

May
The
when

At

once.

writer

of

has

had

he

all

and

long

doubt

no

reader

that

that

is

impatient and
to

be

of

decline

must

to

has

We
our

propose

of

case

of

"

conceivable

in
of

journals,and, in the
and location
given, our
duct
acquainted with the conthe

have

could

appeared,

any

age
aver-

of all proportion

out

hypersensitiveness

and

the

epithets. We

alleged offense, except

thatl the

in

one

reader,

the

to

exchange

intention

points

the farther

interest

to

of

deliberate

some

the

to

occur

reason

profitor

extenuation

notice

masquerading

just and honest criticism,unless
highly defferential mannerism,

for this

sincerely regret
misinterpreted.

to

Archives:

Dr.

be

to

personally
what

of

animus

Friedrichs'

we

reply

to

criticism.

qualificationto

Our
case

been

of

The

accept his invitation

nothing to offer
positivedisclaimer

wrote

habit

irritation

degree of
excitingcause.

the

no

full

a

obsequious and

have

and
disrespectful,

the

strictures,it may

our

forbearance; and

our

for

criticism

my

intolerant

an

indignantly

authorship.

exhibits

intensityof

it would

we

to

in

fairlywell

which

reply

the

appeals
that

in

the

through

say

been

he

to

an

part
imjournal that can
be considerd
unworthy
its subscription list

one

in

initials

its

he

sugar-coatedwith

to

the

about

doctor's

In the

been

for

a

have

score

been

not

anything

journal

the

in

been

a

should

is indebted

have

otherwise

events,

this has

friend, had

of

profession

this

prosper."

present instance, with
esteemed

the

which

high character

otherwise

respectful consideration,

a

the

would

1885.

good reputation
communication
in the September

of
respectability

what

to

of

To

would

eminent

consequence
of

enjoys,

Inc., September,

value

Friedrichs'

Archives.

of

suppressed.

The

of Dentistry:

number

able

Haute,

that
the

he

of

saw

the

is

the

case

It

heard

American

is made

impregnable.

'"judgment
nor

proceedings
We
frankly confess

until

point

(we) never

pass

our

known.
was

of

until

Medical

inabilityto
The

conditions

the

upon

he

read

the

Association"
pass

doctor's

possible,however,

of

report

is questioned.

judgment

on

positionon
after

the

a

case

any
this
was

COERESPONDENCE.

form

reported,to

We

statement.

own

his

and

judgment,

a

this

did

we

from

doctor's

the

for his failure

responsible

not

are

473

to

state

clearlyand fully. Dr. Friedrichs
says:
"I feel safe in statingthat there are
teeth so poorly organized as
In the case
require but little force to fracture them.
reported

to

case

this condition
know

not

existed.

his tooth

controversy
relation

of

class.

fall" are,

by

pulp, structural
teeth

of

this
to

necessary

dynamics,
drawn

the

fractured."

in

This

understood

and

pulp

that

and

by
from

The

a

tender

would
of

age

in
only difficulty

perhaps

twelve

be

should

stroke

healthy

a

his tooth

had

that

the

delivered

mule.

That

been

broken,

little fellow

the

straight from
himself

boy
be

may

the

to

"There
of
there

solve
was

less abstruse

tissue,nor

unavoidable

rupture

have

been

he

affirms

that

there

character

it may

be,

it is not

structure

of the

when

of

any

this may

though

of
force

science

of

should

be

as

interval

highest

sake

of

monizing
har-

standard

a

of

business

the

on

end

know

even

for

that

tion
presump-

of

time

to

ascertain

mentioned,
if the

only "chipped,"
in

wrong

a

the

have
the

a

as

fruitless

a

problem.

perfect denudation

connective
was

a

line

the

case

of

The

not

mentally preoccupied in a hopeless endeavor
tooth was
reallyfractured, as first reported, or
Older
heads
have
subsequently stated.
gone
attempt

the

amount

the

did

accounted

in

was,

of

that
asking too much
be
precipitatedfrom

and
steeple. A simple stumble
fall,we
authority for stating,is wholly inadequate. For
conflictingviews, we modestly suggest,

force, a vigorous

lesion

any

church

of

poorly organized
stumble
"simple
so

the exact
descriptionis to determine
produce injury of that delicate organ.
that
the
applied to teeth, demands
It

did

fell,and

establishes

teeth

exposure

thereof, exempt

functional.

or

stumbled

beyond
highest [importance concerning the
injuriesto teeth of this particular

the

be

to

reason

somewhere.
of

boy

as

been

effect

and

cause

suffer fracture

to

boy simply

principleof

a

It is henceforth

as

and

had

The

of

the

other

associated

unimportant

ing
bruis-

pulp, but no
perceptiblelesion."
crown

as

tissue

is

undeniable,
lesion.

structural

a

That

But

other

perceptiblelesion of the
pulp with the view of establishingits normality,he betrays a singular
to
such
establish
To
incapacity intelligently
a
diagnose
case.
the fact of injury to the pulp in the reported
gravest
case, of the

the

pulp was
pulp normal

was

no

necessary

bruised
in

or

to

show

lacerated.

this case,

relies

that
The

the

doctor

solely,so

far

visible
in pronouncing
as

we

474

The

informed,

are

a

on

is

there

Aechives

visual

mere

functional

integrityof
physiologicalfact, that

however
the

the

in

a

examination

value

effects of

traumatic

a

that

injury to

utterlyfailed to discover
employed will surpriseno

We

one.

veal
re-

appreciate
the

have

simple

the

a

stimuli,

should

he

further

are

as

not

any

to

That

organ.

the

upon

determining

in

functional lesion by

a

to

condition
eye

ination
exam-

does

exposed

nerve

in a
are
powerfully applied,we
of an inspectionby the unaided

an

remembered,

it is

microssopic

even

such

pronouncing

When

organ.

In

it.

in

whatever

alteration

physical

any

inspectionof

warrant

no

Dentistry.

of

means

informed

gravely

that:
"There

pain

no

was

There

changes."
functional

the

from

neither

exposuie,
numberless

are

integrityof

touch

to

instances

tlie

mal
ther-

to

nor

ing
injuries,affectimplicated,whei-e there

nerves

of

is not

absence

of

Excita-

consciousness
total
of pain,but
only no immediate
in the parts directlyinvolved
in the lesion.
sensibility

hility,which
and

nerves,

other

is essential
be

may

of
These

impaired

While

injuries.
the

of
thoughtful consideration
necessarilyfollowing such an
a

irritant

or

observed
of

the

functions

seems

strangely at

truths

when

he

evidence

of

We

touch
in

fault

insists

of

destruction

the

the

his

upon

observed

temporary
the

pulp

sion
suspen-

and

quent
conse-

Friedrichs

Dr.

phenomena

in this

case

pulp.

cheerfully concede, however, that the doctor's

of
insensibility
conceptions of
of

statement

neither

proper,

nothing

but

the
the
his
are

pulp

is consistent

anatomy

the

of

theory, he
the

nerve

ueuralemma."

with

pulp.

Of

As

introductory to

"The

says:
fibres

his

theory of the
peculiarand unique

of

course

the

pulp

the

pulp

so-called
proper.

Now

at

we

catch

the

idea.

The

is not

the

nerve

a

dentine; they contain

Our
improper either,for that matter.
this point. What
he evidently meant
to
with which
is supplied
that organ
nerve

or

proper,
mixed

concussion

simplestphysiological

normal

the

the

to

or

changes.

recognizing

of
insensibility

the

of

citability
ex-

by him, acting as
produce all the phenomena

or

nerves

thermal

or

to

as

destroy it.

or

Shock

described

injury as

this

commend

we

Friedrichs.

stimulus, is competent

to
insensibility

as

Dr.

weaken

which

truths

by him, namely,

sensory,

stimuli

stronger

well

as

increase

may

of

property

mechanical

stimulation

moderate

nerve,

inherent

an

destroyed by

or

well-established

are

violent

sensation, is

to

doctor

has

is

not

friend
say

was

is

not

not

nerve

a

is

little

a

that
a

the

nerve

ventured

so

476

tude

told

this his

cases

of

the

the

the

was

in

lesion

of

pulp

where

in these
thus

of

of

the

unbroken

the

cases,

doctor

the

Williams

the

there

was

the

pulp
and

he

small

decay

in all of

the

existed

this, we

as

there

case

sequently
con-

logical and

sensibil
inthat

crowns

implying

even

the

of

conditions
the

crown,

removed

to

does

inference

of

replace them
this

only
and

sound

were

himself

accuses

several

mentary
supple-

told, is always

are

these

as

crowns

only

greater

consequent

with

a

a

pulp.

in order

course

and

connection

whatever,

lesion

a

to

The

normality

in

small

a

received, and

injury was
condition."

only

unwittingly

structure

sti'tutes.Of

Dr.

is, that

is.no lesion

there

several

by

pulp, and

normal

a

F.

pulp where only
immediately replies:

normal

a

lesion

any

mentioned,

cases

Dr.

before

exist

pulp

of
insensibility

with

of

this

pathological condition

and

the

determining

sensitive

of

case

in

was

from

suffered

not

a

teeth

the

of the

cases

without

and

been
have
consequently the pulp must
in my
a pathological condition, while

only conclusion

As

in

are

Section.

the

justspoken

case

the

have

whatever

We

cases.

removed,

were

value

existed.

crown

teeth, and

no

before

relates

less extent

or

any

discussions

of

in the

without

crowns

of

tion
pulp. They afford,however, an edifying illustraerence
methods
of reasoning, as will be seen
doctor's
by ref-

Williams

"In

these

relation

the

of the

to

decay

method

are

condition

Dr.

what

by

Dentistry.

of

incomplete descriptionin

for

not

a

Archives

The

exist
is

in

that,

healthy,

sacrificingteeth
sub-

artificial

with

logically,so

ciated
asso-

to

speak,

and

in fact.

not

In

replying to

with

the

Dr.

common

F. taxes

G.

V.

that

knowledge

and

of

in any

theory

is

in so
literature"
being "ignorant of current
support of this humiliating accusation, quotes

in

Black

as

follows:

pulp has no
localizingpain. The

"The

"totallyat variance
experience of the profession,"

his

with

us

declaring,and,
Prof.

assertion

our

tooth

part of the body.

sense
sense

Pain

of
of

touch, and, hence, is incapable
touch

in the

is

requisitefor

knee

in

hip

localization

disease

is

an

lustrat
il-

of
pulp has the power of transmitting sensations
heat
is utterly incapable of distinguishing between
The
have
brane
peridentalmemfrequentlydemonstrated.

The

pain only, and
and

cold, as I
has

Dr.
more,

the

sense

of

F.

triumphantly

no

less."

touch."
exclaims:

"This

is

exactly my

position^no

477

CoRRESrONDENCE.

fitly characterizingthe Doctor's
the meaning of which
in quoting this passage,
unfortunate
blunder
feel sure,
will be
he has totallymisapprehended, and no
we
one,
himself.
more
surprisedat such an interpretationthan Dr. Black
Dr. F.
common
as
seems
incapable of distinguishing between
the pulp is of distinguishing
sensation
and the sense
of touch
as
It is difficult

between
has

heat

the

refrain

to

cold.

and

When

Prof.

Black

that

says
of

transmitting sensations

of

power

from

"The

pulp
fully and

he

pain,"

distinctlyrecognizes its sensory functions,and claims for it justwhat
Dr.
F. specifically
denies
its susceptibilityto impressions, and
The
of transmitting such impressions to the brain.
sensory
power
"

nerves

are

but

conductors

in any

"The

pulp

has

the

of

he
in

that

means

its functions
it

words, that

other

which

power

he

illustrates

When

case.

Black

Prof.

transmitting sensations
limited

are

has

to

tactile

no

by proclaiming

of

pain only,"

sensation

common

sense,

says that

or

alone;

touch,

of

sense

"incapable of distinguishing
pressing
at
present engaged in im-

it

between

heat

will, for

simpler truths in elementary physiology, we
of
Dr.
the benefit
F., amplify Dr. Black's
statement,
something hot or cold is applied to the pulp, an impression

and
of

some

thus:

If

cold."

As

are

we

the

this is common
pain is made
it
unable
to distinguish whether
cold that produces the impression
of

no

of

sense

also

as

The

touch.

of

sense

is

something

of

hot

pain, simply

touch,

or

the

the

pulp is
something

or

because

tactile

it

has

is that

sense,

ty
by which the shape, size,solidiother mechanical
propertiesor qualitiesof objects, as well
sensation
thermal
ists
exchanges, are distinguished. Common

modification
and

sensation; but

"

of

the

independently

sensory

of

the

power

tactile

sense,

the

latter is

always

sociated
as-

chiefly in the skin
and
and its modifications, but notably iu the hand
gers.
tips of the finis simply something superadded to comThe
of touch
sense
mon
with it.
sensation, and is always inseparably associated
his own
he says, conThus
is Dr. F. "hoist on
cerning
petard," for when
with

the

Prof.
more,

no

former, and

Black's

its

at

least

observant
these

"confess

not

confesses

significance. And

"belittling"his opinions,we
the

reader

"This

statement,

less,"if he does

literature,"he

manifests

but

as

a

himself

when,

plead

work

opinions solelyupon

of

"not

itself

is

exactly my position no
himself
ignorant of current
terpreti
incapable of properly in"

therefore, he

guilty" to

accuses

what

supererogation. We
their

merits, and

we

lis

strike

must

have
find

of

in

cussed
disthe

478

The

result

ample

for

warrant

of

paragraph

Archives

former

our

Dentistry.

of

reaffirmingwhat

said

we

in

closing

the

communication.
J. Richardson.

Editor

Archives

German

the

here.

It

used.

I

fillingcalled
the

was

cavities

ago, and

the

used

same

the

corrosive

in similar

the

this in

write

of

fluids of
the

the

hope

"Cement

occasionallyfeel

mouth,

that

it may

the

a

another

teeth

this

reliable

ap-

years
I

case

ago,

and

the

of

the
need

now

lead

to

country,

for

somehow

Makston,

ever

twelve

account

on

into

of

have

large

eight years

the

need

I

some

In

instance,

C. E.

disuse

filled

Plomb"

the

into

this material

cavities

this

that

gone

condition.

good

unfortunate

stopping
I

with

me

has

for whom

yet; though in
of

Plomb"

teeth

still in

substance

all

we

lady

front

fillings

re-introduction

I think

a

are

character

refilling.I

Cement

to

seems

satisfactorywhite

most

in the

there

are
fillings

the

"

occasionallysee

proximal

It

of Dentistry:

white

Maiden,

filling.
Mass.

EDITORIAL.

THE

The

DENTAL

AMERICAN

ASSOCIATION.

meeting of
Minneapolis, and

annual
twenty-fifth

the

American

Dental

ciation
Asso-

proved to be, as was
dicted
preof that locality,
much
the larga year
est
ago by the advocates
entire
The
held by that body.
bered
assembly nummeeting ever
the usual
ance.
attendfullyfour hundred, which is quite double
held

was

One

at

hundred

roll, nearly all of whom
Now

that

the

ice is

and

three

became

broken,

new

members

permanent
and

a

were

added

to

the

members.

meeting

of this

body

has

been

the west
or
near
Mississippiriver, other cities on
bank
of the great river may
hopefully look for the time when they
the Queen
has been
will be honored
as
City of the north-west.
of the members
enthusiasm
ticed
noThe
composing the body was
made
this
between
by outside parties,and comparisons were
ciation.
and other scientific bodies, that were
complimentary to this AssoConsidering the spiritedcharacter of this assemblage, the
to
a remarkable
sessions
degree.
were
orderly,and well conducted
held

west

of the

Editorial.

479

Something of this was no doubt due to the decision
who
of the presiding officer,
discharged his duties
of the

much

yet

manner,

who

members,

should

be

almost

were

credited

Altogether

The

NOT

Royal College

all licentiates

of

TO

promise, in the
that College, to
to

name

be

refrain

of

as

with

of

laws

of the

said

Licentiate

of

other

any

I shall not
who

burgh,
Edin-

of

I

employing

one

all the

power.

my

Dental

a

any

defend

Surgeons

utmost

advertisingor

connection

complishment
ac-

together.

come

and

attractingbusiness, and

all the

obey

to

the

to

admission

my
from

of

in

appear

promise

of

event

modes

unbecoming

its interests

promote

the

to

Edinburgh, Scotland, requires
following pledge:

in

to

spirit

ADVERTISE.

of

Surgeons

cient
effi-

very

earnest

had

dentistryto sign the
"I hereby promise faithfully to
maintain
rights and privilegesof the Royal College
and

a

universally devoted

objects for which
they
was
a
success.
meeting
splendid

PLEDGE

promptness

in

the

to

of the
the

and

allow

does

my

I also

so.

Royal College, made

to

or

made."
In

the

case

would

penalty l)e?"
diplomas whenever

not

the

dental

believe

and
for the
if

their
of

for

they, or

imposed
do

above

of young

and
for

who

men

not

in line

step aside

we

to

say

holding

that
the

now

to

with
on

the
Great

he
has

the

also

placed

D.

S.

St. Louis

in October
Fair.

This

points,
the

at

he

set
out-

ately
deliberis

an

a

certain

upon

dent
evi-

degree.

subjects usually
occasion
to give an

first week

well

penalty for

There

be

we
ditions,
con-

be

these

if

expect

assumed.

D.

truth

it not

know

may

know,

we

without

fix the

the
this

as

In

consider

is to

should

hold

far

Would
to

are

restraint

some

granted
graduates of

were

the
so

cover,

revoke

to

declaration.

Faculties

professionalcareer,
disregards the obligations he

they

usually granted

are

what

that

not

asked, "What

power

upon

adopted,
recipientof a degree

his

columns,
time

any

them,

which

upon

be

the

irrevocable.

are

Dental

of

have

colleges
terms

reason

of

violated,it may

terms

The

violation,that the

Though

news,

that

Association

need
class

is

collegesin this country
in the
the points contained
American
dental diplomas

of

and

the

with.

complied

are

above
All

the

their

any

pledge given

of

admitted
item
each

is the

of
year
25th

to

our

general
is the
annual

The

480

held

exhibition

preparations
exhibit,far

have

been

A

fall will

they

to visit this exhibition, which

scientific in its

well

character, as

of

its attractive

avail themselves
a

Tribune

Minneapolis

is

responsible for

a

report of the late meeting of the Northwestern

mechanical.
s.

remark'^fele

very

Dental

Association,

special dispatch says that fraternal
received
son,
from
Dr. O'Hofy, of Chicago, Dr. Hutchintelegrams were
of Dakota, and Dr. Praphy, of LaCrosse, Wis., and adds:
in a great while
sion
the vi"Once
something comes
stealing across
like a passing angel,having with it the odor of strange flowers,
countries
far beyond
the
hands, in unknown
plucked by unseen
held

Fargo,

at

We

do

it must

be

earthly seas.
know

Dakota.

portunit
op-

extent,

c. w.
The

this

of the

considerable

agriculturaland

as

the

visit St. Louis

to

is,to

and

seventy-three

to

one

propose

if

five hundred

improvements,
is

zoological garden
who

quarter-century

area;

increased

been

Any of our readers
be amply compensated

features.

in

expended

extraordinary

predecessors. Sixty-five

its extensive

to

have

this,the

of its

any

added

offered

dollars.

thousand

than

institution,and
render

to

been

have

premiums

cash

made

attractive

more

Dentistry.

of

industrial

been

dollars

thousand

this

by

this year

have

acres

Archives

that

Its

understand

not
a

thing

of

the

DR.
Several
of

months

Chicago, we

fair work,
and as now

but

which

be

dozen

constructed

can

found

be

made

convenient

of

one

has

renders

a

and

Northwestern

Dental

sociation
As-

title,'Pyorrhora Aloe

modest
York."

the kindness
his

of

disk-makers

Dr.

J. A.

which

Swasey,
did

very

greatly improved by Dr. S.,
the making of disks
a
mere
time.
passlabs, or by
pieces of corundum

been

now

in

we

Such, doubtless,

beauty.

the

it, yet

DISK-MAKER.

through

They may be made
making an originalmixture
A

to

SWASEY'S

ago,
received

and

joy

charming little paper sent
at
Fargo, bearing the
Aloris,'by Dr. Atkinson, of New

was

fathom

it,cannot

from
of

No.

1-^0

short

very
economical.

corundum

time, and

with
the

the

apparatus

gum.
will

OMISSION.
The

editorial
should

"J. S.
editor.

M.," which

article in
have
were

had

August

our

appended

omitted

in

number
to

the

on

Dr.

strument
Allport's in-

it the initials of the
absence

of

the

writer,

managing

tz3:e

Archives of Dentistry.
J
A

Vol.

Monthly

Record

n., No.

Dental

of

NOVEMBER,

11.]

Of

all the

Nature's

DR.

MILLER

Art.

and

[New

1885.

ORIGINAL
"

Science

Series.

ARTICLES.
arts

in which

the wise

chief masterpiece

VERSUS

THE

is

excel,

writing

LATE

well."

N.

E.

JOURNAL

OF

DENTISTRY.

BY

Dr.

Miller,

of

other

against
them
in

their

far

his

certainly is, lowers
speaks

of

critics
The

actual

these

words

critic

has

gets
wrong

the
are

full

conclusions

like

said

Dr.

real

value,

they

become

to

writer,

Miller

the

may

and
the
or

drawing

of

with

draw

writer,

case

defect

only

can

As

soon

and
and
be

may
A

which,

of

results

conclusions,

the

he

ments."
experi-

critic

over-sensitiveness.
a

when

property,

his

Miller

actual

experiments.

common

have

Dr.

as

"the

the

from

criminal

syllogisms

results

of

himself

anything

see

tamper

about

criticise

to

not

heated
the

can

written

printed

of

with

defends

and

investigator himself;

"offensive"

wording

investigator

words

of

by

that

person

right

conclusions

writer

Practitioner

needed,

I do

"tampering

as

only

with

his

influence

is the
experiments''''

tamper

a

Independent

than

inferences.

opinion,

my

MAYT.

the

vim

reading

legitimate
in

in

more

people

that, and,

CHAS.

Berlin, Gy.,

with

April, 1885,

PROF.

for

as

the
if

he

due

to

thorough
the

mo-

Archives

The

482

ment,
to

unbiased

every

be able
New

The
ire

refute

to

England

When

for his attack.
the

before

years

nitrogen and

dizing the

so

about

which
had

considered

we

to

down

tear

in

compelled
the beginning of the
investigationenough

would

be

structure, but

look

to

for

at

a

Miller

Dr.

air,

the

tissues

wanted

we

all

two

ories
theoxy-

form

to

means,

didn't

AYe

at

a

up

did

we

in

experience and
complete new

a

up

least these
the

build

This
have

build

portion of

to

formerly held,
that
so
people

those

structure.

new

establish

the

of

than

disposalto

our

considerable

a

by

ones

of

oxygen

As

correct

discussion.

tried to

we

That

First,

old

sipid
in-

the

nascenti, decalcifying the

statu

caries.

more

the

the

like

not

England Journal,
in print,the crudest

ammonia

nascent

by that acid
thereby producing

teeth, and

Miller

do

deal of

good

a

ill-will to

no

New

our

of Dr.

acid, and

nitric

bear

we

started

like those

but

merged,

are

bene,

appearance

own

aroused

have

to

seems

we

we

rampant,

were

we

Journal

M.;

his

easily.

more

nil nisi

de inortu%8

view

them

the part of Dr.

on

assertions,in order, in

else's

certainly
carefully
opinion,

a

is

observer

reading somebody
to

good point, but which
"offensive," namely, not

his adherents

to

appears

Dentistry.

of

facts:

lime

of

still

is

salts

decayed plug in a carious tooth.
That
the commonly
Second.
supposed active acids could not
produce the decay.
the point imder
Thii'd.
That
consideration, if we wish to speak
dead
be the outer
of decay, cannot
layer,or the big toe, or the man
these
but that it has to be sought at the point where
in the moon,
peculiarchanges, called decay, begin.
Dr. Stockwell, of Springfield,tried most
successfullyto make
Without
of this point the whole
this point clear.
a clear definition
left in the

to become
to us
we
moonshine, because, as we
suppose,
fightseems
have
entirelydifferent processes going on and gradually changing
the
outward
in every
tooth
within
from
decay; beginning where
with the fluids of the mouth, gradually changing
in contact
comes
inward, until an entirelydifferent set of activities is in operation

where

the

normal

contact

with

not

how

see

can

the
any

fluids and

talk

of the

structure

tooth

this enemy
advancing enemy, whatever
(Dr. M.) reading carefullysuch
person

consider

it preposterous,

of talking to
principle
than in physiology.
to

normal

the
We

about; only then

words

precisepoint
must

can

or

we

to

is nowhere

first settle the
talk

sense.

that

exact

in

come

be.
a

effect.
more

point we

I

can

ment,
state-

The
needed
want

know

We

in

do

to

that

show

in

much

somewhat

a

Otherwise,

wish

we

sisters and

would

we

be

shared

by

of information

Miller,

leave

a

it to

himself
Drs.

or

that

decay, so
in

is

every

A., B., C.

D.

or

late comer;

little of it to every

however
intrepretation;
great a share
appropriatedby a Mississippi river,it can

RUBBER

In

October

the

"Repairing
they

when

no

more

i^djustthe

wax,
set.

same

Bolt

broken

in the
the

Commence

at

old

rubber

the

remove

wheel.

Work,"

broken

and
each
When

of

it

as

Dr.

ler,
Milsaid.

was

certainly
remain
an
infinity
investigatoi-. The

rain-fall

the

be

may

get all.

not

WORK.
MICH.

by

Dr.

repairing

is

there
F. H.

either

article

an

Newton,

upper

or

titled,
en-

Chanute,
lower

tures
den-

apart.
is

a

very

good

much, and

as

one,

the

but

following

quires
re-

is far better:

the polon
ished
plate and fasten together with wax
in
the
surface
or
palate
plasterujjon
gum
pour
would
fill an
the
set, remove
impression. W-hen
flask and

flask and
the

of

Archives

the

of

time, if

you

way

invest

Rubber

are

surface, then
the

of

described

method

The

number

long

last word

will

BANGOR,

RUNYAN,

method

giving a

Kansas,

C.

O.

BY

As

ins,
cous-

decay, and however
great
will
have
to
be, they
may
they can have no monopoly

of

REPAIRING

all its

those

as

and

student

every

to

infinity is

this

there

ready

percentage

with

prosper.

the

who

investigator. So

decay

closed, and

was

also

greater

other

results

infinite,and

is

God

about

"Weltengeist"
Dr.

if it

little

every

and

but

one

every

ai'e

a

of

and

long

experiments

sorry

and

is God

Nature

live

may

allow

any

personal defense.
that the question

beautiful

elicits such

of

those

sions,
conclu-

Miller;

Dr.

or

pope

contain

not

some

erroneous

(mentally); but

ears

than

aunts

drew

frankly, and

our

statements

the

as

worded

fight we

perhaps

investigationsdid

our

erroneous

and

them

box

first

the

infallible

as

to

so

of

manner

Dentistry.

of

fervor

acknowledge

will

wishes

weak

a

being

not
we

in the

that

statements

of

Archives

The

484:

heel

proceed
it

heat
of

the

the

same

thoroughly

flask

and

as

to

if it

soften

separate it.

were

the

a

new

rubber.

Remove

all

fully
danger of leaving black jointscaredum
block, brighten by touching them to the corunuse
replaced fill the jointswith whatever
you

if there

is

Original

for that

and

pack

purpose,

plate, with

new

and

larger fee
and

will

Robinson,

a

a

a

close

AND

CONES

John

of "Uncle

son

D.

cone

"

both

tire
en-

charge

can

you

to

a

tron
pa-

your

of

These

wheel.

S.

recently in

office,

my

item:

grained piece

or

D.

Jerry," was
and

pumice
are

with

mount

and

mandril, place in the laboratory lathe

shape

an

WHEELS.

Harper,

G.

following

the

me

gave

Take

have

yourself.

By

and

which

then

satisfaction

give better

PUMICE

Dr.

will

You

vulcanize.

bright joints,for

which

486

Articles.

turn

in

on

desired

the

to

efficient

very

shellac

working

down

plate from the flask,clean
and dry it,and
By
remove
surplus at margins with- a fine saw.
ready for the brush
using the pumice points,the plate can be made
a

rubber

and

After

plate.

the

removing

pulv-pumice.

Files, sand-paper and
Use

dry.

When

turning

the

done

are

scrapers

pumice

shape, keep

to

Caution:

with.

away

and

wet

vent
pre-

dust.

DENTAL

SOCIETIES.

AMERICAN

DENTAL
from

Continued

Wednesday
of

in

Dr.E.

Dr.

of

E.

first and

Dr.

T.

T.

using

left anterior

grace

the

right molar,

Smith

of

handsome

a

foil and

and

Drs.

ner
Gardi-

Minneapolis,

as

in
filling,

a

contour

steel mallet.

the

electric

made

mallet,

four
of

anterior
also

bicuspids,and

first

molar, made

very

artistic

thoroughness.

Moore, of Columbia,

fillingin

Clinics, with

fillingsin the proximal and grinding surfaces

second

his usual

with

Chicago, made
Brown,

Parmly

457.

'

incisor,using cohesive

large contour

very
the

Noyes,

to

Detroit, and

of

charge.

page

devoted

was

Field

Chicago,

Committee

central

afternoon

ASSOCIATION.

and

using

the

S.

C, made

palatine surfaces
electric

mallet.

a

of

the

first

tour
con-

rior
supe-

486

The

Dr.

I. C. St.

fillingin

Archives

John., of Minneapolis, made

proximal cavity

a

Dentistry.

of

of

another

gold
incisor,using a

central

a

contour

wooden

mallet.
C. A.

Dr.

tillingin

Dr.

M.

Hhien, of New

L.

for about

used

to

Dr.

A.

The

yr.

for

The

root.

new

also

clinics

The

of

a

8

p.

Dr.

Vienna,

a

a

left

natural

Chicago,

Dr.

are

with

Anatomy,
New

in

a

thus
said

few

by

proved
that

weeks

in this direction.
and

for

showed

his

etc.

of

his

porcelain

and

appearance

incisor

the

ation
oper-

a

great deal

of

interest,and many

Histology,
York, read

Microscopy.

and

thoroughly

a

teacher, Carl

He

scientific

of the

first described

Abbott

device

superior lateral

of the Human
Pathology of Enamel
to the Etiology of Caries."
the
Microsteriopticon,of Strucker
which

field

the

of

magnified 12,000 diameters, is projected upon
Theories
thousand
can
study it at once.
persons
structure

his

Couse, in the Chair.

instrument

an

of

Svmsey,

on

very

Special Reference

Abbott

pyorrhea

m.

Abbott, of

Teeth, with

of

cases

success.

entitled,"Studies

paper

two

given.

V.

Frank

Dr.

crowns

watched

President, J. N.
Section

Dr.

be

to

cuspid.
superiorbi-

good shape.

points,wheels,
Chicago, inserted one

presents

were

points were
Wednesday,

and

platinum

tooth

promises
The

in

up

corundum

making

front, gold and

the left

Belleville,111.,exhibited

of

crowns,

Matteson,

of

sj^ringscalers.

new

Patrick,

strikingup gold
Dr.

built

were

Harlan, of Chicago, treated

J. J. R.

apparatus

surfaces

German

teeth

alveolaris,using the
Dr.

fillingin

largecompound

a

method
gold, by the Herbst's
of the operation,lining the walls of the cavity
let
slightlyannealing the gold and using the mal-

and

contour.

grinding

Wolrab's

two-thirds

margins

York, made

and

posteriorproximal

the

large compound

a

not

He

to

J., made

He
illustrated
the
Herbst
superior molar.
dense
and
fillingwas
solid,but the proximal surface
contoured, it having been
previously filled flat.

The

was

N.

first left

a

method.

the

Timme., of Hoboken,

he
for

ordinary slide

an
a

of

screen

so

regarding

that

a

tooth-

disproved.
ments
exj^ectedto receive one of these instruthe further
prosecution of his researches
or

also

said

that

Heitzman, for the

he

was

very

indebted
fine

to

his friend

micro-photographic

Dental

illustrations

of

his

present

Societies.

hy

paper,

which

position taken.
He spoke of the very great importance
and
That
thei'e
etiology of caries.

the

truth

only in individuals, but
decay; that civilization had

also

in races,

been

accused

causation, but that this would

tendency
there

local causes,

this

towards

be

must

remote

he

able

was

to

prove

of the

not

of

487

the

latter
He

causes.

a

ogy
pathol-

study of

the

marked

difference,

of teeth to
liability
tor
being a prominent fac-

in the
of

explain the rapidly

not

ing
growthat

all circumstances;

sub-stratum, aside

being

had

was

disease, under

anatomical

an

of the

acquired

from

or

auxiliaiyagents, fosteringmore
of specimens,
a
large number

mere

examined

fully
ground into thin slabs with the soft parts, their living matter, carepreserved, the results being highly satisfactoryin explaining
structure.
the tendency to decay as due to deficiencyin anatomical
the
Before
entering into the descriptionof anomalies, he described

of normal

structure

enamel

its

the connection

by Bodecker;

fibres;the distribution
the

and

of

relations

rods, thus
of

a

raisingthe

the

dignity

first

of

the

dentinal

fibres of

being
of dentine

the

subdivisions

living matter
regular in the

more

of

was

in

a

teeth

of young
with

The

shaped

distinct

second

the

prisms

the

tion
connec-

phery,
peri-

these

largements
en-

a

protrusion

centre

of the

enamel

est
near-

the

sion
protru-

enamel

ited
exhib-

brown

pigmentation.
plate represented a permanent

conical

of

pear-

persons.

platerepresented a temporary molar^
the enamel, having a fluted surface,the

slightlybrownish, while

stead
in-

cani-

the

on

enamel;

the

into

very

direct

fibres,and,

protrusion occupied by protoplasmic formation, the
the protrusion destitute
of prisms, the zone
above
but

enamel

the

of

living tissue,

of

containing pi'otoplasm,which

the termination

with

The

to

in

substance, even

elements; the dentinal
deposit of calcareous
often
became
enlarged into
entering the enamel

cavities

with

enamel

enamel

mere

liculi upon

shaped

in tooth

livingmatter

ered
discov-

as

and

the dentinal

between

interstices,separating the minute

dentine,

to

protuberance,

without

canine, with

a

pear-

distinct

boundary, on
the buccal
surface, occup}dng nearly one-half the enamel, the adjacent
enamel
showing indistinct rods, but occupied by brownish
globular fields resembling the interglobularspaces of dentine. The
rods
than normal.
There
were
slightly pigmented, more
wavy
were
no
interglobularspaces in the dentine of this tooth.
The

or

third

plate was

a

diagi'am showing

the

stratification

of

en-

488

The

Archi\t:s

in

amel, layersvarying
to the

enamel

rods

of the

Dentistry.

width, the broadest

the

cusps,

of

portion always

to the

narrowest

neck

of

the

sponding
corre-

tooth,

the

layersinvariably vertical to the surface,
while
those of the neck layersmay
be parallelto the surface; this
construction
sometimes
amel.
varying at the outer periphery of the enlines
of
that the
Higher powers of the microscope show
stratification do not alter the general course
of the enamel
prisms,
an
exception occurring only at the peripheralportions of enamel
hibit
exoccupied by the tapering ends of the neck layers which
may
enamel
rods almost
parallelwith the sui'face of the enamel,
while
rods
at the
outer
periphery of the cusp layers the enamel
would
less vertical.
or
invariablybe more
The
stratification of the enamel
is of the utmost
importance for
the understanding of the pigmentation and granulation,these both
corresponding with the general strata of the enamel, showing in a
The
stratification of
longitudinalsection a fan-like ap^jearance.
this tissue bears close relations to the history of its development.
The
of

first enamel
the

cusp

cap

of temporary

is broadest

teeth

in the

direction

and

the future
neck, subsequent
tapering towards
fore
belayersforming on the plan of the first. Illness of the mother
terrupti
inan
delivery,or of the infant after delivery,might cause
in its construction, leading to stratification,
tion
pigmentacient
and granulation,these conditions
invariablyinvolving a deficusps,

deposition of lime salts.
of pigmented enamel
Fig. 4 illustrates the irregular course
exhibit
In normal
rods.
enamel, longitudinal sections
slightly
in transverse
directions,
rods, interlaced
by small bundles
wavy
the curvature
becoming gradually less,till it is nearly straight,
deviations
from the rule they
When
there are
close to the surface.
in
the
lose all regularity,
oblique and longitudinal,blending as
grain of

lignum

remain

may

marked

sections

the

rest

vitae.

of the

at

the

enamel

up

In
to

outer

such
the

the

cases

surface, showing

surface, perhaps
the

on

interstices

groups

rods

the
of

verse
trans-

portion only,

one

this

With

being normal.

of

curvature

curly

between

appearance
the rods

are
pigmentation is combined, and
The
tine
denwider
than normal, all indicatingdeficient calcification.
also another
is also freelysupplied with interglobularspaces,
is such
of enamel
The
friability
sign of deficient calcification.

that

powers
as

extremely difficult to
of the microscope the

it is

if corroded.

obtain
broken

an

unbroken

ends

of the

slab.
enamel

With

low

rods

look

Dental

The

rods

enamel

the

These

conditions

yellow
of

the

This

all of

the

which

substance

leaving the dentine
These

all be

might
which

form

due

faintly marked
enamel

stratified
the

the

towards

tapering
line, showing

This

pigmentation
the

that

of the

enamel

in

rods

the

lines

transverse

conspicuous than
enamel

the

The

also

also

pigmentation.
naked
only
eye
shows

the

of

that

structure.

of the bi'own

spots,
In

dentine.

the

all the

the

concerns

readily

enamel

interferingwith

the proper

enamel

in

construction

are

teeth.

of

ficiency
dethat

more

mented
Pig-

solution

ammoniacal

disturbance

to

color;

fibres

temporary

an

due

are

contrast

of

with
what

basis-substance

interstices

widened

stains

yet known

It

formation

merely to
enlarged; the

in normal

even

easilyremoved

microscope

not

is not

of carmine.
organ,

the

and

are

yellow

or

layers of enamel, being
deepest portions. The microscope

invade

only; that

in formation,

the

to

off towards

discoloration

brown

tions
por-

corresponds to the boundary of
the
the neck, fading towards
imal
proxlike configuration in longitudinal sections.

may

marked

j^erhaps more
shows

fan

a

to

stain

deepest

strata,

genital
con-

a

Some

brown

of

cases

demarcation

taper

is

depressions.

cause.
a

sistency
con-

sensitive.

presents

off-shoots

but

the

closely allied

is soft and

extremely
exaggerated

is no

of

of the

by

and

slight yellow-brown discoloration.
the pigmentation occurred
during the

is

same

covered

a

but

the

congenital

found

decay,"

bottom

to

be

there

inent.
prom-

in permanent

in the

seen

"white

in the

common,

If in non-stratifiedenamel

is

calcification,and

termed

is most

and

into, are

called

may

exposed

inent;
prom-

very

"

is also very

layer

in temporary

enamel, but which

is not

spondingly
corre-

pigmentation.

is not

crown

fibres

enamel

the

if broken

deficient

to

interstices

the

narrow,

calcification

pitswith no enamel
also congenital and

are
or

The

with

of

zones

These

both

spots, which

due

"

489

intra-zonal

occur

deficient

of

chalk.

defect

the

combined

result

or

tenants

near

may

be

may

Another
white

their

recticulum

teeth, and

unusually

are

wide, and

Societies.

the

enamel

of the basis-substance

All
discoloration.
the brown
depositionof lime-salts,causes
of the
the
coloring matter
pigments of the body depend upon
in the history of the development of
blood, but careful studies
be
the solution
of this question can
before
enamel
be made
must
and

the

reached.

One

point

is

positive,viz., that

pigmentation

is cougen-

490

The

ital,invading both

being

Archives

and

permanent

except

rare,

the

as

readily takes
and

orange
The
no

and

rare,

the

middle

junction
These
and

artificial

granulation of enamel

means

in

the carmine

of

of

the

under
spaces

of

the

spaces

of

the

marked

substance

dentine

and

high

enamel

in

and

of

bear

lessened

Caries

ing
invad-

discoloration,

orange

enamel,

as

well

at

as

the

heretofore

recognized.
the prisms
Plate
VI
dition
represented this conmicroscope. The inter-prismatic
as

of the interstices

the

between

resemblance

some

the

interglobular
being present in highly
stance
deficiency of basis-sub-

conditions
The

specimen.

one

an

the

enamel

dentine, both

degree

causes

of

interstices.

powers

of caries.

stain,the

the

of the

tenants

result

quired
congenital brown, acred, mingling in beautiful shadings.
is a peculiarpathologicalcondition
by
of pear, spindle and club-shaped spaces

enlargements

are

spaces
the

consists

teeth, acquired pigmentati

temporary

spots congenitally pigmented,
which

Dentistry.

of

granular enamel
both brittle and prone
to
decay. Stratification,pigmentation and
of the enamel
granulation in all pathologicalconditions
meaning a
deficient

formation

of

amount

of

the

lime-salts,and

renders

basis-substance
of the

are

and

decreased

also

highest importance

in

sition
depo-

the

etiol"

of caries.

ogy

The

conclusion

reached

during gestation,or
these

cause

than

Dr.
the

offered

the fact thatNo.
in utei'O.

sixteenth

of refined

discussion

The

which

habits

pathology

mother

high
being

life

conditions

the dentine

taken

in

society.He

any

illustrated

have
week

to

he

wished

of enamel

congratulate
enjoyed through this

its

shape

to

to

enamel
as

have

early

as

the

readily it is modified
abnormal
projectionof dentine-structure
currents
at
peculiarityof nutrition

by

lack

structure,

and

This

as

to

ed
confirm-

been

cation
the line of first calcifi-

its

lime.

It must

call attention

had

fifteenth

or

peculiarform
rendered
by the deposition of
permanent
afforded
valuable
lesson
in the vitalityof
a

embryo
time, before being

life.

desired
that must

and

bilitated
de-

followed.

have

salts of

some

1

Between

must

that

the

in

common

the

on

often

not

The

the

either

opportunity they had
examining diagrams illustratingvital conditions, such

of

paper

more

of civilization.

Pierce, of Philadelphia, said that

Association

were

In

of

infant, during the earliest periods of life,

that

luxuries

the

literature.

no

ailments

they are
hard-working people, persons

among

has

that

was

of the

anomalies;

by

at

of lime-salts

to

how

"

was

that

of

nutrition.

doubtless

diie to

early period.

It

492

The

all animal
have

life is the

microbe

a

Archives

work

to

It

germ.

Dentistry.

of

said

was

in the

changes

all

that

body,

diseases

all tissues

ferment

to

must

the

Where
is necessary
the microbe
to
requisitecondition.
make
food ferment
gation?
investito produce pabulum, is the field for our
We
must
ic;
get rid of the old incubus, organic and inorganthere is no inorganic;these are
distinct opposites;we
must
two
to

up

have

something to blend them and
Dr. Thotnpson, Topeka, desired
further

about

Z"r. Abbott.

The

"

white

the

salts is the

greater

that

much

in

short

scraped
looking at them.
can

The

lime

salts must
certain

I said

what

be

amount

if

even

two

are

cannot

we

was

thing
some-

say

the

diminution

of

it

be

look

lime

will

like

salts

must

loose,

are

break

almost

enamel, but

off

by

not; the

are

larger than normal; the
less; the relative proportion is changed. There
ease,
in
of satisfaction
having a knowledge of dis-

prismaticspaces

a

of

The

nail,

yellow spots

to

organic material;

of

the thumb

Abbott

have

inorganic elements.

inter

is

Dr.

enamel.

on

we

amount

off with

be

spots

neither.

them

ask

to

evidence

only

lime

make

three

or

With

cure.

reference

quotation from

a

times

the

"sterilized

to

and

French,

earth,"

cited

not

as

thority.
au-

said that all defects previous
Brophy, Chicago. Dr. Abbott
to eruption were
observers, as
congenital. According to some
defects
Prof.
some
Eames, of St. Louis, endorsed
by Prof. Black
roots
the result of absorption,similar to that occurring in the
are
Dr.

"

"

of

deciduous

the

teeth; due
Such

roots.

of
Dr.

Abbott.

from

"

think
to

be
it

possibleto show
stretchinga point;
of

the

that

absorption

Dr.

Keith.,St. Louis, said that he
He

had

covered

one

practice.
which

by

the

he

removed

imbedded

first

a

the

vulcanite

judgment,

my

granular
stretch

no

tion
condito

agine
im-

along that line.
absorption, but

it could

similarly

occur

crown

plate,with

two

a

peculiar

mouth

the

teeth, the

absent
the

had

had

deciduous

bicuspid. She was
the plate,he found

in the

structio
de-

root.

regulating plate in

of

of

case

a

how

see

the

affect all

is

it

cannot

It is

surface.
and

the

seen

is, in

to

absorbs

cause.

dark, porous,

impossible after eruption the very
the
of a line running out
upon
that something might flow in
It may

this

I referred

condition

which

that

as

place; has

take

incisors

of

enamel
The

"

agent

same

absorption may

an

the

the

to

or

of
every

one

three
the

of
to

little

a

be

girl,

replaced
When

weeks.
deciduous

particle of

in

case

tooth
the

den-

Dental

tine

dissolved

it seemed

out;

margin of the gum,
thin

it

of

margin

Dr.

Atkinson.

can

be taken

does

the

gave

me

the root;
time

"

had

grown

above

the

touching

the

up

dentine, without

the

out

dentine

by

absorbents.

No

than

more

tooth

that

it yet, but

be

must

reduced

You
the

had

intended

by

of

drill-holes.

He

metamorphosis, but we
getting hungry for the truth; we

It

so.

was

want

pin

to

Dr.

the

a

Abbott

length

had
case

understand

cannot

body

carneous

liver.

secretes

two-thirds

do

to

fluiditybefore

to

that the

say

liver

lost

if

perforated as

was

cut

to

eaten

The

up

adult

it

and

if cells

as

493

enamel.

workl
an

Societies.

not

had

of

gressive
retro-

that.

our

We

back

ears

of

are

and

go

for it!

Ingersoll read

Dr.

his

entitled.Alveolar

paper

Unity or Duality; which?
Handing his specimens, to be passed
said that

specimens
heard

be

it

hard

It is

and

The

the

he

while

the

certain

of

He

that

of

of

condition

being

the

follicle?

of the

(Quotations from
this point.)
alveolar

given

to

soft

springing

of, but the
is full of

Early

as

tooth, the

crown

follicular

Legros, Magitot,
walls

is

whole

Tomes

structure

the

from

the

dental

but

Does

it

the

formed,

point of
and

"

follicle,
tice.
no-

appertain to

tooth

bone,

as

In
then

ferred
re-

pulp

passing

membrane.

a

tooth

pyorrhea, but

to

cementum,

regarded

is first

neck

serviceable

a

has

osseous

filled,

vigorous,the

was

difficulties.

an

be

tissue,is scarcely

membrane

anatomists

periosteum
The

a

might

abscess,

dentine, the

the

one

as

pended
de-

teeth.

teeth

dental

our

membrane

fails the

alveolar

the

itself to

this

the

membrane

the

said

commended

condition

membrane,

tissues,and

root.

is

enamel,

alveolar

the

If

root.

subject which

a

the

The

which

comfort

healthy

a

fully treated

dental

then

so

his argument:

subject
the

upon

study

histology of

each

the

the

Much

to.

are

in

was

upon

is gone.

three

not

was

pulp saved in vain; but if the membrane
might decay, and the pulp die, and yet

built

the

a

health, safety and

the

crown

but

examined,

his paper

read

ability to

of

summary

that

consideration;
Unless

a

offered

membrane

the

his

of

being examined,

were

following is

dental

and

doubt

no

and

brane.
Mem-

understood.

or

The

had

he

around

Dental

the

the

velopmen
de-

neck,

particularinterest.
other

develop simultaneously with

the

authors

root.

on

Pro-

The

494

ceeding

from

out

Archives

the

base

point of cementum,
alveolar

the

of the
and

One

walls.

Dentistry.

of

follicle is

ative
cells,the form-

line of

a

line, the formative

another

develops

the

form

to

of

organ

socket, the

layers being contiguous. The
indifferentlyas dental
question before us is,is the tissue, known
earliest
The
single or dual?
periosteum or as alveolar membrane,
dismiss
it with
authors
writers
say nothing on the subject. Later
words, speaking of it as a connective
tissue, well supplied
a few
ferent
Difwith blood
vessels,investing the root, and lining the socket.
not
names
are
given to it,showing varying opinions,but it canfrom
be studied
so
authors; they are
shy of mentioning it.
it is
membrane
bone
rests
When
nected
a
intimately conupon
other

forms

the

cementum,

with

it.

Analogy

veolo-dental

When
and

membrane,

The

would

alveolar

in

be

be

the

forms

alveolar

with

referred

cementum

to

the

the

a

brane
mem-

origin?

same

system.

osseous

be

cannot

with

If the

membrane.
the

al-

true

is covered

root

they

a

demonstration

layers;

two

the

that

expect

same

that

as

They are intimately united, but
gin,
not
they are distinct and separable;two layers of distinct orione;
and performing different offices,an outer
layer of connective
of cells,
tissue with blood
vessels; an inner layer of a fine network
difference
in their histologicalcharacter, the
there being a marked
of
of the outer
fibrous element
passing insensiblyinto the network
the peridentium of the teeth, the periosteum of the
the inner
close in juxtaposition,they are
However
bone.
widely apart in
which

the

to

us

layers,have

lining must
forms

lead

is lined

distinct

which

organ

socket

the

two

is extracted

tooth

a

in two

exists
The

would

membrane

it.

proves

the

walls.

"

function.

Tomes

that

says

two

membranes

be

may

assumed,

but

ments
extremely difficult to demonstrate; that the fibrous eleof
of the outer
portion blend so insensibly into the bands
of the inner part that neither
er
sight nor touch nor any othshow
inference
can
distinction, leaving only a mere
any
be

would

network
sense

it is two

that
Dr.

rather

Ingersollsaid

Dr.

Black

the

subject.

parts, and

to

see

than
that

if he

He

had

found

in which

one.

while

the

mesiies

of the

visited

specimens that would throw light on
specimen that was
perfect in all its

any

one
osseous

appeared entirelydistinct.
in the

investigatingthis subjecthe

membrane
First

cemento-blasts; then

and
there

the

cemental

was

bundles

a

of

bands, side by side, passing in oblique and

firm

brane
mem-

network

fibres
curved

in flattened
lines

Dental

towards

the

bones.

membranes
thus

are

reticulated

The

None

the cemento-blasts.

than

membrane

found

were

membranes

two

forming

Societies.

495

osteo-blasts

of

straightlines of

the

in the

alveolar

the bone, the

larger
the

membrane.

special functions,

with

much

were

innermost, the

dental
periThere

the

outermost

They
are
same.
development of
says
bone
modification, be applied to cementum.
might, with some
Have
of mineral
and
vascular
If
they different sources
supply?
is dual, two
the membrane
would
be expected, from
the
sources
tissue on
the other.
thology
Papulp on the one hand, from sub-mucous
similar,but

will

the

follows

of

the

one

blood

and

of

cause

the

in

ex-ostosis

of the

course

the

irritants,

this is

Tomes

the difference

reveal

Irritation

nerves

not

blood

membrane

root

cementum.

and

ex-cementosis.

vessels.
takes

Under

fluence
the in-

abnormal

on

ex-ostosis,really ex-cementosis.
follow

vessels

the

of

course

the

tion;
ac-

If

membrane,

and

do
dual, why are not both layers affected?
Why
have true ex-ostosis,
or
enlargement of the socket,and also

it is not
both

cementosis,

enlargement

or

When

two

union.

osseous

roots

but

by impingement,

Portions

soll drew

the

First.

The

the

the

other

Fifth.

socket

and

socket

are

chylosis.
tooth-an-

consequent
the

two

together,

grow

root; hence
removed

ex-

there

and

is

no

tion
inflamma-

hypertrophic conditions.

Dr.

Inger-

and

dental

membranes

are

identical;

not

is in
two

separablelayers.
layershave not the same

They differ
They have

Fourth.

the

induces

respectivelyin the
Third.

root,

ex-ostosed

of the

alveolar

The

Second.

and

not

following conclusions:

membrane

root

of the
are

never

of the membrane

the

the

and

system

osseous

in structure; bandal
different

origin; they originate

in the dental
and

functions, one

follicle.

reticular.
the

forming

socket,

root.

They

have

different

of

sources

vascular

and

mineral

supplies.
Sixth.

Pathology points

union
Seventh.

between
The

is due
distinct
Thus

from

conclusion

"

the root

the

Subject open
Adjourned.

the
and

same

the

facts; there

pathology
dualityof

of

the

no

without

root

dental

nected
con-

foliation
ex-

membrane

as

the socket.

and

physiology, all point

the

alveolo-dental

for discussion.

is

socket.

rapid mineral absorption of
of the
to the special nature

the membrane

surgery,

to

to

membranes.

the

same

The

496

Thursday

3

motion

On

p.

ARcnrv^ES

of

President

the

m.,

W.

A.

Dr.

Dentistry.

or

in the

chair.

Harlan, Surgery

specialprovisionhaving been made
discussions
the subject of Surgery.
on

VI,

motion

of

Barrett, Section

Dr.

V

passed

was

Section

to

heretofore

no

On

added

was

for papers

and

or

Section

VI

called.

Dr.

W.

Harlan,

Chicago, Chairman, reported a paper
Catarrhal
Patterson, Kansas
City, entitled,"The

A.

Dv.

J. D.

Pyorrhea Alveolaris," and one
"Pyorrhea and Sponge Grafting";

from

of

Chairman

Brieflysummarized. Dr. Harlan
in dental pathology during

placed

be

to

"

the

in

underneath

by

contact

fistulous

his report
it

fatal
not

recovering without

present

a

it did

that

but

the
with

to

His

conclusion

was

vastly more

said

added
his

from

own

the

fluid extract,

pain;

exposed pulp was
that by saturatingthe
an

good

antidotes
two

with

new

Resorcin

from

the

remedies
was

a

ance
importthe

of

be

to

searches
re-

not

yet

actino-microsis

of

cases

had

cattle

the germs

had

not

in

been

serious,the second

that

he

same

ported,
re-

Qase

list of

as

valuable

yet

are

able

to

for further

remedies, the

complete

time.

any

form

of

That

valuable

most

cocaine.
indica

cocaine; that the

sensitive

anesthetized

for
not

in

from

extraction

gums,

mer
for-

cavity,while painting
them
absolutely insensible

renders

cannabis
as

been

asked

forceps dipped

warm

results
were

two

and

than

most

with

had

sufiicient

of

during the past year being
that cannabis
experience was

efficacious

obtund

done

that

the

gums

when

as

eries
discov-

no

important being
import of which was

vast

appear

extend

interestingdrug

the

report

been

had

past year

treatment;

He

and

would

there

"lumpy-jaw

Pyorrhea Alveolaris

important

was

written

own

on

constantly
mouth
and
throat and stomach, being readilyfound
of erupting teeth,but were
instantlydestroyed
gum
that
not
found
in the pus from
they were
oxygen;

outlet.
on

Atkinson,

H.

most

That

the

subject

human

even

the

record, the

on

understood.

appreciatedor
the

said

Miller, of Berlin, the

of

also his

Nature

section.

the

of

Wm.

Dr.

from

indica

to

rendered

was

in the
in

five

tincture.

He

ten

the
to

utes;
min-

painless
had

pyorrhea pockets.

not

The

and
terebin were
opium. Resorcin
generally appreciated by dentists.

substitute

for

carbolic

poisonous nor eschartoic,except internally.
of oxygen
and limpid, and a ready absorbent
and antiseptic,
and is especiallyuseful

"

acid, being neither

Terebin
is

"

transparent

fectant
stimulating,disinfor amorrhagic gums

abscess; it destroys all foul odor

in closed

as

"

for maladorous
in alcohol

1

497

Societies.

Dental

to

root

canals.

Has

10.

Its merits

used

is soluble
qualities;

obtunding

no

dressing

a

as

undoubted.

are

tarrhal
City then read his paper entitled,"The CaThis
elab'
Nature
of Pyorrhea Alveolaris."
was
an
paper
orate
study of the comparative pathology of pyorrhea and catarrhinflammation
of the airHe
said that catarrh
was
an
distinctively
distinguished as nasal, pharyngeal, laryngeal,bronchita,
passages,
That
the exudations
etc.
changed from watery to pus and blood, the

Patterson, Kansas

Dr.

being irritant and excoriating;that it was
infectious,adjoining parts being promptly affected.
stages

inflammation, destruction

were

formation

crusts,

under

formations

cavities

the

pyorrhea, in
and

pus
the

of

the

of

directed

to

1.

In

the

2.

The

and

the

similar

identical

of

and

septum

similar

the

the

of

deep

bony deposits and
catarrhal

ligaments
deposits and

alveolus.

ous
osse-

fecting
af-

those

exudations

gums,

and

phenomena,

the

calcareous

deepening pockets,the

of

jaw, strongly resemble

upper

destruction

blood, the

These

crusts.

inflammation

the

necrosis

or

the

Its further

function, formation

of

the
decomposition and ozema,
penetrating ulcers producing necrosis,with
of

ingly
exceed-

effusions

serous

Careful

of

of serum,

attachment,

of

the

absorption

attention

was

pathology.

affection
character

of

the

mucous

of

the

effusions

membrane.

purulent

"

serum,

pus

blood.

3.

Its infec:ious

character, affectingadjoining teeth

in

pyorrhea

adjacent parts in catarrh.
similar
4. The
burrowing of pus.
destruction
5. The
of periosteum and bone.
similar
6. The
deposits that of pyorrhea being familiar, the
osseous
deposits of catarrh being also fully described
by authors,
Medical
Ziemsen's
as
Encyclopedia,where the chalky deposits and
described.
of catarrh
are
bony concretions
These
that
the two
points of similaritypoint to the conclusion

as

it does

"

affections
disease
to

from

of

the

in

origin and
and all
air-passages,

contamination, pyorrhea
nasal

readilyas
a

from

drippings or

in

teeth,or
made

similar

are

case

in the

of
nasal

specialstudy

in nature;
tracts

is the

result

the
of

catarrh

being a
lungs being liable

local

contamination

poisonous sputa lodging

mouth-breathers,
passages.
of

to

that

Dr^

twenty-four

originatingin
Patterson
cases;

in

said
many

around

the
that
cases

the

gums
he

as

had

wher*-

The

49S

catarrh

was

confirmed
of and

denied

it

was

found

j)resent;that his observations
The

theory

fetid symptoms
Dr. Whi. H.

are

Atkinson

even

read

next

which

others.

his paper

the

had

patientmay be ignorant
when
hypertrophicand

readilyrecognized by

of
Sponge-Grafting,"

and

Dentistry

or

in every case.
the presence of catarrh

his

deny

Archi%'es

entitled,
"Pyorrhea

followingis

an

stract
imperfectab-

:

was

was
'diagnosis

said that correct

He

pyorrheawithout

no

the

first requisite;
that there

loss of attachment

of the

dentligature

of nature's failure to
always an
form
Pyorrhea was cured by destroyingthe microbes
that an imperfect elimination
of urea
rt^hichprevent granulation;
antecedent
of pyorrhea;that traumatic
the
ivas
an
pyoiThea was
resultant of the presence of foreignbodies in the alveolus,as particles
of wood, etc.
These
of bone, si^linters
be removed
must
and the pocketssterilized. Calcareous
not
depositswere
always
and
if
removed
but
be
must
thei'e,
prevented. Many
present,
which
would
microbes
would
form
sue,
eschar-tisdestroy
parasiticides
changingpabulum into cooked flesh. Nitrate of silver would
afford protection
by supplyingan outer wall. Non-sterilized pockets
might dischargepus for an indefinite lengthof time. There is
lack of knowledge of molecular
changes. The object in writing
to state the results of experience.
was
would
He
prescribetonics,as sulphateof quinine. For local

ium;

flow of pus
tissues.
new
a

evidence

was

treatment:
1. When

2.

When

3.

Where

there is

slightrecession

the loss of attachment
the loss is very

of pus and

bloody serum,
Robinson's^remedy not
"

use

and

dischargeuse

no

is greater

great, the gums
the carbolized

allowing it

to

elixir vitriol.

1 to 3.
aqua regia,
dark, with discharge

use

potashpaste known as
overflow
the lipsor
on

cheeks.

largelyexposed and no opportunityof
growth, use the spongecovering|inthe pockets to induce new
understood,
graft. This is a recent discoveryof which littleis generally
there is nothingof greater value. It grew out
but^than|vv^hich
of traumatic
of the misfortunes
lesions,
having been firstused by obsupply gaps caused by violent labor. The sponge is
stetricians^to
and
wrung""out of bichloride of mercury; tents must be removed
remains
We
have
advanced
permanently.
changed,but the sponge
4.

When

the roots

are

500

The

pocket.

In

water

130"

Archines

Dentistry.

of

of tumors
morbid
or
larger places, as from removal
in with flapsof skin, leaving the clot of exudation.
growths, cover
It does not form
scar-tissue.
It is reproduced tissue.
Do
not
dertake
unto buy sterilized
see
buy surgeon's fine sponge;
sponge;
that it if free from
all foreign elements; sterilize by dipping in a
distilled
solution of one
to one
ounce
grain bichloride of mercury
at

will cook

160"

At

Fahr.
it

fit to

designed to be absorbed
thoroughly sterilized it will not

that

the

from

one

has

arterial

blood

bit into

the

the

Any

the

that

man

Do

not

should

ooze

hard, where

and

serum

portions till

is not

sponge

and

green,

with

fine

red

pabulum
again, fittinga little
adhering portions.
fill a

can

said that in his

the

previous attempts
pyorrhea pockets, and he

the

With

useless.

graft was

justdescribed, he had
tried Dr. Briggs' method

doubt

no

as

of

of

the

dissolved

sponge

forms

of

might

be

Friedrichs, New
denude

to

"

tooth

be

can

Marshall.

Dr.

A.

obtain

as

W.

and

results
the

he

had

almost

method,

Atkinson's

ether

good

for

He

had

by placing it

sponge

with

cluded
con-

iodoform, but

and

nothing.
the

thought

in

In

certain

graft

sponge

valuable.

Orleans, inquired if it would
That

course.

Harlan,

that

reason

Of

"

good

would

sponge

in the future.

the

palate,he

the

be

not

sary
neces-

surface?

the

Dr.

was

cleft

perforation,or
and
practical

and

Dr.

success

preparing

hydrochloric acid, treating

dilute

the

or

disturbing

not

sense.

common

the

surgeon.

that

Dr.

off

discolored

space,

get displaced from

that

get black

sponge

material

living

by first intention.

reached; sterilize the sponge

is

Marshall

Dr.

If

and

sponge,

whatsoever; if pus

cause

off the

cut

"

heal

the

the

as

use,

killed.

penetrated,wipe

not

vacant

simple

good

the

or

corner,

scissors

Use

for any

sponge

pabulum
pointed

a

is

is

remove

will shrivel

133"

it is not

that

so

above

or

Chicago,

said

cannabis

from

preparations of

could

get

no

two

has

be done

to

that

he

indica

in every

had

not

as

from

cannabis

ind.

been

case.

able

to

cocaine; for

were

supplies alike; one
-

very
would

certain
un-

act

beautifully;from another the results would be nil. Even from the
the
samples given out that morning he could get no results on
tongue; it produced no effect on sensitive dentine, but left a peculiar
hours.
He had had many
in the teeth for thirty-six
cases
sensation
of
were

pyorrhea

that

probably of

he

could

not

constitutional

attribute

origin,as

to

in

local

causes,

patientsof

but

that

rheumatic

Dental

diathesis,or sufferingfrom

gouty

or

In

etc.

such

local

cases

mitigated the

better.

same

The

troubles.

In

these

all local

had

in

there

cases

the

be

by the Gynecologist, when
improvement in the mouth.
Dr.

Davidson,

chlorate

of cocaine

dlca.

He

running
the

dam

the

and

portion of

for

few

a

with

the

to

air; that

excellent

also

rendered

insensible

Taft suggested

Dr.

Abbott

air not
Dr.

Taft

well

as

Dr.

said

that

Abbott
to

above

go

an

the

a

heat

He

douche,

in marked

improvement

of most

pyorrhea
this
after
that

was

of the

he

all

was

source.

He

said

On
on

valuable

was

of

its

if raised
its

120"

to

of

tooth

ing
be-

certain

a

140".

or

tensity; it

would

that

Dr.

be

temperature.

it would

risk,as

no

be

never

essary
nec-

body.
had

also

renal

for

stream

had

a

but

of

case

pyorrhea

his teeth

had

had

never

for the
in

the

nasal

physician.
origin,but

any

catarrh

J. G.

had

could

Templeton

a

he

ment.
treat-

catarrh, with

catarrh, and
He

in

bad;

very

resulted

pyorrhea, also. The blending
of catarrh
suggested that
symptoms
the

cisor
in-

right again.

of the

by

other
an-

air blow

improvement

was

the

time.

warm

above

catarrh,

invariablyconfirmed
suggestion

large

central

continuous

a

cleanly,and

not

present there

the

applied
a

the

to

in-

incisor,

anesthetizing,the

even

go

be

said

The

etc.

cannabis

removed

engine

prescribed preliminary treatment

salt water

hydro-

pipe.
troduced
lamp or gas jet could be inair heated, heating the compressed

the

of the

offensive

very

with

central

returned

increase

to

would

Thompson, Topeka,
habits
were
patient whose
also

uterine

sensitive;he

atomizer

the

also

corresponding

lower

moment's

a

force

would

Dr.

had

in

keeping

200"

there

failed

it gave

alcoholic

caution, not

said

had

the

his

with

ise

increasingits

advise

to

its

for

be

very

he

for local

pain

repliedthat

underneath

that

cavity, as
to

Dr.

would

the

patient,it

said

Y.,

with

complaint from the patient.
again applied the remedy, working
when

the

was

an.y

the

was

of

indica, and

moments;

N.

ladies

perfectlywith

caries

until

pyorrhea

of

he

and

blowing chips from
it

where

gum

warning

Abbott,

of

of the

he

pain

there

succeeded

case

without

of

without
F.

a

margin

dentine

tooth

had

cannabis

first symptom

Dr.

he

described

to

said

Chicago,

the

avail

no

pyorrhea without
deposits,
patient was
successfully

the

treated

Bright'sdisease,

urea,

of

case

would

vain, until

treatment

been

disease; then

true

was

501

glucosed

treatment

physician had

and

Societies.

not

claimed

he

in pyorrhea
when
found

investigated
trace

it to

wonderful

The

602

Archives

of

applicationof

copper

Dentistry.

.

results

from

pockets

once

week.

a

That

in

success

perhaj^s 60

in many

cases,

Neither

he

minutes, and

then

could

result

and

his

doubtless

time

always

be

it

to

secured; it

was

to

wait

twenty

the

desired

time

full

that

was

reliable,but

had

some

blood,

disease

least 50

at

said

that

of

treatment

due

was

he

experience
having kept a

that

pyorrhea;

to

the

He

there

of

was

insist

Why

why

so, then

not

the

prevent

to

In

or

If

deposits.
all

remove

this

deposits?

subsequent deposits to
posits
where
no
salivaryde-

free from

teeth

health, with

disease, though

the
the

cause

essential

so

disease?

of the

return

cases

found,

tracing

on

the

case

trouble, though the system had so
not
continued, but
recently that the deposits were

back, that it had
more

track

the

to

present, it will always be

are

changed

it

was

keeping

on

back

something

course

of

calcareous

that

of

cause

the

condition

good

considered

immediate

the

in

tional
constitu-

confirm

impoverished

an

being people

cent,

per

deposits were

serumal

the

impracticable.

it

in the

the

"

impracticable
sults.
produce its re-

afford

By taking

robust, vigorous constitution.

the

much

that

the

failures

some

of the

theory

was

but

patients could

more.

experience in

and

"

in the

stone,

with
of cases,
history of a large number
history of each patient,his experience failed to

record

the

cent.

per

requiring too

twenty

success

some

considerable
successes

King, Lincoln, Nebraska,

Dr.

sulphate, blue

had

some

70

or

nor

required made

time

he

cocaine, meeting with

of

use

the

been

"Behold

there.

was

initial

the

wound

the

thrust

where

his

spear,'*

etc.

Ingersollwished

Dr.

correct

to

a

quoted
journals, as
he (Ingersoll)was
"Pyorrhea," where

appeared
the

in the

gathering

guarded
the

that

there

allow

wished

On

no

to

the

never

recently
on

paper

saying

as

that

cause;

inquire whether

without

which

touched, and
The

gums

of the

local

committee

there

he

that
tinctly
dis-

had

cause,

he
were

said
of
very

had

the

been

healthy,

but

formly
uni-

any
had

nized
recogone

case

patient would
for
unchanged

natural

color;

no

thin.

of business
made

were

had

He
pyorrhea?
deposits which

inflammation, the alveolus

motion, the regular order

chairman

was

Rawls'

Dr.

represented
the

was

it

that

considerable

were

twenty-fiveyears.
pus,

"

of calculus

cases

where

point

from

had

result.

Friedrichs

Dr.

not

salivarycalculus

of

which

statement

some

was

suspended.
announcements

The
re-

Dental

garding

the

and

Dental

Called

m.

asked

Oral

After
A

discussion

some

letter

of

members
time

at the

of

the

subject
Dr.

accident

the

v.

i

Section

the

concerning

Medical

gress.
Con-

committee, replied.

postponed.

was

Clifton, of Waco,

association

the

8

to

chair.

in the

International

the

the

from

read

was

of

adjourned

President

information

Surgery
of

503

Association

order,

to

for

Allport, chairman

Dr.

the

p,

Iowa,
iri(l2),

Dr.
of

8

the

when

examiners,

Thursday,

Societies.

for

attentions

little

his

to

kind

Texas, thanking
and

sympathy
Saratoga

the

during

son

meeting.
On

motion

Dr.

Wm.

Method

H.

work

Cohesive

on

This

membrane

and

the suction

is not

covered

with

adhesion,

allows

vulcanizable

rubber

heavy

the

are

filled with

packing.

instead

rubber

and

The

for
cover

the

the

screwed

the
trial in the

mouth

prevents

in

hot

water

being packed
up

the

to

It is then

down

method

down

there

before

While
has
until

time
the

proper
invested
is
the
and

great

finished.

no

in
wax

are

made

out

of

be
it

saved

disadvantage

teeth
and

is then

of

of

a

in

shape

the

bits of softened
and

as

allowance
and

the

ready

for

cleanliness
not

pins.

finished

removed,
and

o^

mounting

plasterwithout
to

be

to

indentations

in

shape

plaster sets,
labor

model

the

the

mucous

thickness

the

is used

cavity.

plate tilts

cement

crushing

size and

the

work
net-

a

the

the

till all

in around

The

leaves

if

a

ple-work
stip-

surface.

to

plate; even
portion of
to

for

suction

irritation

of

"Surface

used

that

to

with

Spyer,

patented

gutta-percha base plate,small

or

flask,as

vulcanizer.

which

cement,

cement

wax.

opening

the

J.

Dr.

central

a

in chloroform

being pressed

softened

is built

with

smaller

dissolved

wax

the

rubber

is usual

the

of

of

which

and

soapstone.

less

causes

much

a

foil

Rubber

teeth

the

The
entirelylost.
is thickly painted
form

the

syrup,

method

safety of teeth,
originalEnglish method

using

instead

channels

firmer

gives

or

Xew

"A

on

a

of time

tin-foil similar

prepared

continuous

of

Work;"

method

the

a

covering a clean, bright palatal
with geometrical figures which

for

embossed

are

paper

By

steatite

in

modified

forms

read

Rubber

partialcases.

Philadelphia, has
or

I called.

cleanliness,saving

invested

Forms"

Secretary,

Vulcanite

difficult

was

Section

passed.

was

teman,

in

advantages

especiallyin
the

Tr

Making

of

offers

VI

Section

sured,
en-

allowing

of

The

504

The

dissolved

rubber
for many

Dr.

for

as

purposes,

it."

do

to

the
not

He

teeth

my

said

They evidently think
due

probably
mouths

to

in mouths.

the

syringes,etc.

of

did

not

do

to

lies

in

in mouths.

it is

all know,

we

some

require great care and skill
and study
and the patient requiresgreat patience in learning to
the plate. Where
there is a firm
wear
ridge, not deep, the palatal
Burface
not
hard, the lower jaw not protruding but strikingfairly
are

to

easy

very

tit while

As

?"

dentist, but

the

preciate
ap-

"why

A

difference

and

to

appear

patient will ask
those of Mrs.
as
satisfactory

difference

the

dentists

many

is valuable

which

ceiuent

a

entitled, "What

paper

easilymade

as

forms

repairingbulbs

a

that

difference

vast

Dentistry.

or

in cblorol'orni

Haskell, Chicago, read

How

are

ARCHrvEs

others

"

under

the

plate.

there

upper,

But

the

points named,

contrary
when

as

ridge, as

will be

find

we

there
to

platesby which thousands
the
adaptation the worse
less damage
loose-fitting
abnormal
not

condition

correct

to

material

doing

incalculable

and

has

of

mouths

is done;

When

retention

this

is

it is

perfect an

in

It is

simply

that

rubber

plates are
entirelygone

often

are

is

plate

heat.

of

reason

processes

rubber

the

suction

is absorbed;

For

replaced.
damage; the

not

ble
flexi-

ruined; the better

been

the

undue

all the

in

or

vulcanized

results.

where

tlie process

that

some

under

have

the

satisfactory

a

absorption,with

great

extent

being

in

case,

been

fearful

putting in

plates resting on the muscles and soft tissues;skill
fitting the plate and in antagonizing the teeth.

the

used

is

the

prevailsfrom

say

waste

be

may

in

trouble

no

be

must

Many
plates are
apparently worthless, simply from
faulty antagonizing,
which
little
skillful
make
would
a
fortable.
quite useful and comgrinding
AH
conditions
of the mouth
are
found, ranging between
ihe

two

In

extremes.

extraction

of

the

nust
a

the

save

natural

partialset,

when

teeth.
with

all sentiment
the

A

the

the

the

former

safe

rule

comfort

regarding

and

sound

it

plate,rubber
is cheaj)and

artificial

teeth

the

a

question arises, shall
involves

is to

utilityof
teeth

if

and

of

young

some

plate,throwing
are

in the
As

useful.

way

man

can

world

learn

or
maining
re-

will
aside

ing
of makthe

to

universallyused, the

Any

full

a

whatever

remove

the

they

it be

extraction

the

follow

to

is almost
easy.

for

mouth

sideration.
point requiringespecial conthat it is the province of the dentist
that the patient
the time has come

plate completely comfortable

for the
because

teeth, when

artificial teeth

wear

interfere

it is true

the
is

teeth

remaning

While
to

preparing

to

rial
mate-

over,

make

Societies.

Dental

505

insert

plate in a few weeks, in a few weeks
amalgam
fillingsin simple cavities,and

whole

stock

a

rubber

in

trade

undue

sometimes
in

pressure
a

no

takes
be

induced

be

under

place
found

for metal

average

patient what

the

rule

he

you

will find that

will

his friends

answer

that

understand

ruhhe)-.

Ask

seldom

has

he

a

You

plates?
kind

metal

cheapest is

that

it is true

clothing,though

the

that

many

possible,
say

you

demand.

the

a

him

not

You

create

is

undue

been

it is

plate.

better

than

reason

that it is
Explain to him
best, though the cheapest, and

the

als
Met-

plate,as

has

there

must

the

and as
a
plate he wants
rubber, and
why he wants

of

any

to

the mouth.

metal

a

it.

wear

not

have

to

demand

it is

dentists!

themselves

preferablein

are

learns

this constitutes

front, but this is exceptional. Whenever

Ask

why

heat

it will

case,

patient should

have

of

absorption

the

call

who

many

conductors

being good
When

of

he

more

best

in teeth

who

the

not

will

he

only

want

best, and

probably
than

more

any

all

because

the

in

best

very

est
buy in clothing,will go shopping to find the cheapin dentistry. If you
rubber
but
make
cannot
if,
anything
in the manipulation of metal, having
though having been educated
had no
fordemand
for it, have
never
practicedusing it and have
that

can

money

"

what

gotton

did

once

you

about

kpow

it,it is

an

unfortunate

state

of affairs.

taking impressions,various substitutes for plasterare
being
made, modeling compounds, wax, etc., but for a perfectly correct
impression,plasteris the only material that is absolutely reliable,
airand everything depends upon
a correct
impression. I use no
For

chambers,
I

but

recently saw

that

number

a

I put in twenty

or

swaged right up

were

just as solid,and
in.

But

when

and

that
It
you

is but
is

must

the
be

mouth

flexible

with
make

Babbitt

necessary
sure

find many

we

metal

one

genuine

has

to

palate,and
as
healthy

the

to

only

centre

necessary,

There

the

of late years

entirelygone,
slightlyin the

plate right up to the palate in every case.
of old patientswho
were
wearing plates
twenty-five years ago; in every case they

the

swage

that

as

alveolar
the

mouths

membrane

thin

a

the

day they

in which
I

left.

film of wax,

and

was

process

put

were

is

the process
model

raise the
scrape

off

a

little

the soft
parts.
plate sit snugly over
for dies, and
all the requisites
possesses

the
that

metal.

toughness, but

hardness, smoothness,

and

it is

If it is offered

twenty-fiveor thirtyceets

a

Babbitt

pound- it

metal.

is worthless.

Lead

has

for

prob-

The

506

been

ably
made

be

substituted

added

the

to

You

adhere.
are

When
Dr.

and

or

Justi

is

tin.

For

eight

lead

pure

Haskell

said

of teeth

without

impossible that

die
the

that

makes

the

to

will

swage

make

considered

Babbitt
die

second

plate

a

is

one

copper,

one-sixth

the

a

soft;that

too

formula

soften

have

metal

counter-die

plaster model

he

the

The

good.

it will

or

will seldom

right. One
the plate fits

Dentistry.

or

tin, which

for

White

by S. S.
antimony

two

Archives

it will

metal

and

if your
fit

to

tin must

also

rials
mate-

accurately.

fit the

mouth.

that

bridge-work, or the
doing incalculable injury. It

plates,was

tem
syswas

natural
teeth
to the
plate permanently attached
should
be otherwise
than
uncleanly. If placed under the nose
removed
for repairsit would
when
be found
absolutely disgusting.
The
teeth to which
the gold band
of the bridgework was
attached
with cement
It was
must
inevitably loosen.
impossible to prevent
the
secretions
of the
mouth
from
going there to stay, and the
teeth
in

the

do

no

a

of attachment

would

be

soon

girdled with decay, and loosened

exhibited
was
by Dr. Parmly Brown,
jaw. The method
the least objectionable,and
in some
might be admissible
cases,
but
carried
and
be
that
to
even
a
extremes,
might
long bridge
would
was
no
inevitablygo at last. There
necessityfor it except
a
narrow
occasionally,as a last resort, for in the majority of cases
could
gold plate,with properly adjusted clasps, which
readily be
and
removed
and kept clean, would
would
answer
every
purpose
harm

Dr.

and

occasion

said

Chicago,

Ames,

strain

no

there

the

on

natural

but

were

teeth.

methods

two

of

ing
retain-

were
no
plates;spiralsprings,which
longer used in this
The
usual
form
of
a
large
country, and atmospheric pressure.
chamber
the center
of the palate afi'orded unequal support,
over
while
filled the cavity.
The
be so
the tissues soon
plate should
constructed
to equalize the
as
bearing, atmospheric pressure being

upper

applied just where
but

the

needed.

extend

plate must

displace the soft tissues,running
cheeks
so
they will lie snugly on
centre,

as

having

a

are
a

lax.

describf^d
groove

across

If this

can

soft rubber

J)r. Wm.II.
Did

not

by
not

the* model

Trimming
to

point

a

well
the

edge.

Haskell, would

the

portion of

be

tolerated

the

the

beneath

up

Dr.

where

the

Instead

of

tfim

away

plate

where

because

of

nausea,

cient,
suffi-

not

was

edges will
lips and
raisingthe
where
the

soft,
tissues

would

use

edge.
wished
ilTor^aji
appear

as

the

to

notice

champion

one

of

or

two

fundamental

rubber, whicli

was

rors.
era

poor

The

508

C. W.

Dr.
actual
you

Archives

If

Spalding.
"

under

temperature

will not

find

It

"

under

well

was

said

under

the

and

test

tissue

the

the

test

gold plate,

a

make

that

to

becomes

rubber

Because
the vegetable substitutes,
plates. Why?
the
being good conductors, cold contracts
capillaries
but
beneath
blood
the
rushes
the capilnot
to
it;
plate,
laries

not

around

trouble

the

plate, and
can
Any one

\" difference.

satisfyhimself.
Dr. Brophy^ Chicago.
inflamed

will take

you
rubber

a

Dentistry.

of

the

beneath

and

little lakes

forms

of

blood.

Then

follows

gestion
con-

and

under
the
absorption; not because over-heated
plate,
but because
of unequal or uneven
the surroundings are
temperature
the inequalityof temperature
beneath
and around
the plate causes

"

the

trouble.

Dr.

C.

W.

Spalding. The irritation arises largely from roughness
of the palatalsurfaces.
Dr.
W.
C. Barrett.
Dr. Spalding will find that if the inner surface
is polished the inflammation
will be increased.
Dr.
I find that large numbers
Morgan.
polished.
get well when
"

"

"

Dr.

Atkinson.

mischief.
will be

If

the

changed
I knew

mouth.
I looked

The

"

plate is
to

in his mouth

paralyzing of
by wearing a metal
Dr.
Spalding.
of

and

found

is increased

all

celluloid
it all

nerves.

plate. No
In reply to

follicles will

mucous

it

seen
wore

the sensory

"

inflammation

who

the

knew

"

He

cured

was

Barrett,

be

worn

I would

polishing a plate it

on

plate has been altered.
Subject passed.
Adjourned to Friday, 9 a.

roof

of

the

No.

it to be A

in six
all
say

1
.

aphthous patches,due

over

plate should
Dr.

the

over

produce

the secretions

during sleepinghours

worn

I have

pus;

dentist

a

the

closing of

to

months

night.
when

that

is because

the

fit

the

Friday, a.
approved.
Dr. Dudley
9

consider

to

bodies
next

m.

and

meeting

Dr.

Ban'ett

The

motion

The

chair

m.

President

in the

chair.

Minutes

read

and

of seven
appoint a committee
Dental
gress
Conof holding an International
feasibility
tal
Said committee
the various dento correspond with
in the
profession,and report at the
leading men

moved

the

in 1887.

The

of

the

chair

the association.

said
was

that

that

the

carried

matter

required

without

discussion.

careful

consideration.

appointed Dr. Dudley, Salem, Massachusetts,

Chairman.

Societies.

Dental

Dr.

E. N.

Dr.

M.

Pierce, Philadelphia; Dr.

W.Foster,
Dr.

Topeka;
Section

Health
On

year

and

Bauer,

Normal

"

in

motion

Dr.

Paul; the Dental

Afterwards

Yellowstone

Dr.

E.

He

said

medicine

the

and

Minneapolis

and

almost

St.

and

Minneapolis,

a

complete

it

future,must

being master
select

her

in

the

body
not

be

an

of

the

to

Mills

and

a

surgery,

could

his

not

closely

of

allied

of

the

That

wisdom

to

the

in

than

times
dentist

growth

That

of

transmit

the
an

in overwork

the

lady

of

more

fastidiousness

must

choose

make

violate

but

for
a

thing
some-

and

gery,
sur-

either.

That

of

sure

laws

of

The
the

in

any
of

carcass

present; the
dentist
in

of the

addition

the future
than

to

would

she

wisely between
To
holding out.

will
ing
rust-

labor

physiology,philosophy

evil influence
than

than

more

all its details.

luxurious

out, to

of

specialtyof medicine, yet had its own
ry,
operativedentistry,prostheticdentist-

master

ten

science,

workman

medicine

to

while

execution

anything

artistic

more

the

the

ing,
learn-

That

artistic

an

surgery

part

a

with

by poetry.

preparation

profession.

with

vulgar by

truth, impregnated

strictlyartistic in

and

sense

almost

as

upon

"Dentistry; its

possibleto predict. The successful
and polished gentleman
educated

wearing

unceasinglywas
and
Christianity,
more

held.

were

Flouring

Future."

in the

the
fertilizing

dentist

and

the

mercial
Com-

relative

dentistry,regulating dentistry,etc.;

physician.
out

made

its Brilliant

sicience and

itself ;

no

dental

and

was

Curtiss

association

entitled

stimulated

pure

operative

anesthetic

past is

a

within

dentistrywhile

brain

the

paper

short

with

dentistrywas

more

as
specialties

the
were

looked

and

scientific

That

but

of

Minnetonka,

scientific art;

practice,and

future

Lake

to

wit"h art

was

his work.

of

announcements

dentistry,once
been
hybridized

dentistrywas

no

of

in

Park.

illuminated

her

tendered

was

trustees

meetings

that

had

masses,

the

to

Parmly Broxon read a
Encouraging Present;

Past; its

the

Minnesota

of

the

further
excursions

proposed

one

thanks

hotels; the press

also returned

wei'e

College, where

its

of

the

Dentists.

of

Hygiene

vote

a

investigation during
Fluids; The Tongue

Oral

Personal

Societies

son,
Thomp-

Committee.

Thanks

the

for

Abnormal

Harlan,
and

Dr.

Brophy, Chicago;

subjects

Disease; The

of

York;

New

Abbott,

Frank

Orleans.

as

and

railroads,steamboats
Local

New

VII, reported

ensuing

Dr.

Baltimore;

509

to

making

posterity.
oneself

There

miserable

and
is
in

The

510

be

trying to
will be
had

but

with

gas,
the

will
An

Dentistry.

of

happy. The dentist who tries to
The
sicklyplant, a stunted tree.

like

been

the

a

Archives

the

the

moulded

of

progress

ignitionof
tallow

a

candle;

the

means

friction

the

dentistry
illuniination;beginning
flint;

a

illumination

and

by

finallythe dazzling light of electricity.Comparable to
latter are
the microscopicinvestigations
and the
ingenious appliances
Ideal
of
the
of the dental
dentistry
profession
present.
with

all other

things good
public creating a demand
appreciative
keep

pace

of business

order

next

The

meeting.

the

was

for

for it will

reported

that

moved

Committee,

with

that
power

place of

and

select the

the

journals.

the

matter

be

to

confer

with

the

meeting;

constitution

The

rules

The

order

next

votes

cast

requiring that
suspended, and the

were

of business

Barrett, Buffalo, received

the

was

tive
Execu-

railroads, hotels, etc.,

place

be

chosen

carried

election

ballot

places.

the

to

announced

motion

made

referred

Crescent

other

be

for

sixty-one;Dr.

scattering. The ballot
elected president for

and

ceived
re-

Orleans,

I.,

to

same

the

was

first informal

the

on

had

they

R.

it.

place of

next

Louisville, St. Louis, Detroit, New

from

Atkinson

produce

of the

Deerpark, Oakland, Niagara Falls, Newport,
Springs, Pa., Lake George, Asbury Park, N. Y.,
Dr.

advancement.

man's

selection

Committee

Executive

invitations

rest

from

spark

match

of

and

The

the

sunlight

without

growth

of

pine-knot with
the

do

M.

of

through

by ballot,
unanimously.

ofiicers.

Of

119

C.
president, Dr. W.
W.
Foster, forty-three,

formal,

and

Dr.

Barrett

clared
de-

the

ensuing year.
Dr. Ingersollwas
vice-president;Dr. A. F. Smith,
ing
Minneapolis, second vice-president;Dr. Geo. H. Cushing, recordtary,
secretary, re-elected; Dr. A. W. Harlan, corresponding secreelected

Keely, treasurer, re-elected.
offered the following resolution:
an
as
expr'^ssionof the appreciationof

re-elected;Dr.
Dr.

Thompson

Hesolved, That
services

first

of Dr.

Geo.

W.

J. N.

Grouse, president of

the

this Association

able
valufor

excellent
personal and
sional
profesclosingyear, and of his many
the gavel which
he
has
that he be presented with
qualities,
successful
and
of this most
so
effectivelywielded, as a souvenir
and inscribed.
be appropriately mounted
enjoyable meeting, and the same
the

Unanimously
Dr.

adopted.

JPierce offered

an

amendment

to

vestingthe
the]Constitution,

Societies.

Dental

choice

of

jilaceof meeting

in

511

Committee.

Executive

the

Lays

for cunsideration.

over

Committee

The

Necrology

on

In

death

of Dr.

identified

Isaiah

with

the

received

has

intelligenceof

Forbes, of St. Louis, Mo., who

the

tions:
resolu-

following

Memokiam.

Association

this

Whereas,

reported

interests

of the

dental

has

profession

been

long

in

the

this

try;
coun-

and,

Whekeas,
in which

this

the

expression of the high
held, adopts the following:

Association, as

deceased

Resolved, That

was

in his death

careful, conscientious

and

and

at

was

the
he

a

all times
of

promotion
was

a

a

engrossed
copies be sent to
Whereas,
active

of Dr.

For

number

a

in

interests

of years

Missouri

of the

earnest

associates

ably
credit-

College,
efforts

profession of

the

of

he

Dental

all laudable

was

out
through-

to

of his chosen

Resolved, That

this

preamble and resolutions
the family of the deceased,
journals for publication.

dental

do

been

has

what

was

could

deserving high
Resolved, That
form

journals for
we

we

for

which

for the

promotion

regard

his

esteem,
a

copy

the

humbly

all things in the

bow

removal

his

and

of this

family
publication.
to

for

of

to

of

of

been

an

forty
profession; he

promotion

and

sustained
a

also

than

the

has

erly
prop-

and

long

dental

of its best
and

has
more

be

Association

the

this Association

social

this

for

profession;therefore,
in his death
the profession

active
that

who,

positionin

he

by

York, who

Association, and

sincerelydeplored, and

and

received

of New

Ambler,

prominent

was

While

to

.J.G.

a

proper

sent

of this

occupied
ever
ready

who

of

the

years,

is

copy

information

member

which

of

who

one

a

member.

and

death

and

higher

the

Resolved, That

the

active

his

regard

Faculty

and

member,

ever-faithful

in the

chair

lost

profession of dentistryhas

the

justlyentitled to the respect and
his long professionalcareer.
filled

esteem

an

loss

a

valuable

interests

tion
eleva-

and

ber
mem-

perity,
pros-

professional qualitiesas

example as worthy of imitation.
preamble and resolutions be sent

the

deceased, and

the inevitable
General

decree

also

to

of the

the

dental

Disposer

Grant, this Association

in

of

would

The

512

record

loss,and

of

and

with

resolution

its sincere

be

the

to

sent

J.

Taft.

C.

W.
H.

action

their

Also

etc.

with

of

the

reference

battered

broken

and

consideration

kind

school

words.

thanked

He

himself

he

failed

he

that

he

dentists

loved

challenged

He

would

like to

as

soon

The

Darby
The
grace,

to

man

any

than
say

Secretary,Dr.

gavel

which

he

with

also

but

any

brief

for

the

great but

as

successful

occasion,

at

hope
and
12

class of

other
had

same

appropriate
unsolicited
if

human

than

paid;

in the world.

men

intimated

ever

should

that

he

such

on

wielded
force

m.

that
as

the

tlie next

many

new

Association

committee

local

a

as

announced.

be

Dr.

committee
had

appoint

to

W.

A.

and

Harlan

E,

Dr.

T.

publication.
only

not

that

it

presented to the retiringPresident
repaired and suitably inscribed.
the

but

less

or

more

was

With

the

the

successor

few

he

that

Gushing,

appointed

were

his

with

him

heartily the compliment

instructed

was

))laceof meeting

the

elect
President-

President.

be

President

The

more

the

a

either

appreciatetenderly and

to

for

office with

be

points.

received.

had

honor, saying that he would

other

presented

asked

Association

the

and

conducted

then

and

gavel

in raed-

equivalent courses

to

retiringPresident

accepted the

Barrett

Dr.

iV^. Morrison

The

chair.

the

to

W.

and

gard
collegeprofessorswith reprofession,its text books,

of

colleges,diploma of college or high
The
X3
accepted.
report
Field

Education, reported,approving

Dental

cal

Drs.

this

of

copy

Atkitstsox.

on

literature

the

improving

to

a

Committee.

\-

Spalding.

Association

of the

action

the

that

journals for publication.

Section

the

from

Hunt,

Resolved

large.

W.

Dr.

public services, its deep
his family and friends
with

his

of

sympathy

at

countrymen

our

Dentistry.

of

high appreciation

its

sense

Archives

was

with

and

battered
instructions

meeting

would

members

enrolled

adjourned

discretion

with

be

sine die:

broken,
that

it be

pleasant and

as
as

and

on

the

present

Dental

Societues.

The
At
and

2

p.

invited

train

of

accompanied by

of

tour

the

and

to

and

the

into

Belle

ladies

Hall

R.

Lake

to

Excelsior

Min-

they

Hotel, St.

delightful,the

darkness

ere

the

awaited

and

R., where

of Minnetonka

at

elegant dinner

an

them

convey

of

Curtiss

at

St. Louis

lovely lake, touching
was
points. The weather

twilight deepened

Numerous

sunset

Lake

Park

them.

proposed and responded to, Dr. A. W.
Dr Atkinson
Minneapolis, acting as toast master.

toasts

Spaulding, of
with

waiting

tine steamer

reached, where

was

last time

Minneapolis

was

large number

a

the

other

gorgeous,

for the

of the

coaches

seven

Louis, and

closed

depot

Boarding

the

Hotel

the

to

netonka.
made

members

Excursion.

guests, assembled

proceeded
a

the

M.

513

were

of his

characteristic

tee
speeches. The commitdone
their duty so
of arrangements
had
casion
perfectlythat the ocof unmixed
was
one
pleasure. The next morning by special
invitation,a large party visited the flouringmills of Minneapolis.
Many visited the lovely Falls of Minnehaha, noted in poetry and
Others
spent the day at St. Paul.
song.
one

most

On

Saturday quite a numerous
Park.
The
last lingerers turned
Session
of
Twenty-fifth Annual

the

became

to

athing

of the

past, long

STATE

ILLINOIS

of paper
BY

The

lead

to

The
owed
in

a

DR.

faces

the

Association

SOCIETY.
464.

page

PATRICK,

.J. .1. R.

Dental

and

pleasantly remembered.

be

from

Yellowstone

homeward,

American

in Practice

"Errors

on

their

DENTAL

Continued
Abstract

left for the

party

not

Always

OF

BELLEVILLE.

Disadvantageous."

how
accidental
stances
circumessayistcited incidents to jillusti'ate
frequently give that notoriety which
eventually
may
may
extensive
an
practice.
first

case

was

his commencement
state

of

ntoxication

that

of

in

when

a

an

eminent

successful

making

English physician who
career,

his

first

his

having been
professionalvisit.

to

The

514

He

called

was

write

to

see

his amazement,

to

friends

and

family

if he

fact

had

instance
of

case

much
more

had

of

who

had

of

her

ing
regard-

which

had

the

tor
doc-

called

been

in

long continued
pain promptly

resisted
The
third

impacted

an

confidence

in him

than

disquietude
to

by

a

husband

free
of

The

molar.

him

to

accept

last instance
of

in
fillings

out

as

duct

a

he mistrusted

face

was

the

a

to

fee

added

the cause,
armed

attendants; but

for

generous

the

the

success

after

was

patient,who
turning.
remalady was

former

pledget of

a

his

see

past night and

the

saliva.

of

which

sponge

operation
later and

with
he

which

lavished

days

his

great skill in surgery,

no

purpose.
as

more

a

reward

had
was

few

The

a

his
who

gentleman
of merit

than

rendered.

services

that

it

the

to

flow

patient placed
family physician. The anxiety

in the

dentist

merit, but

all

lest

discharge.
the lady called
the

called

was

patient and
the

from

on
congratulations

declined

of

excessive

the

his former

plucked

he

remove

followed

he

of the dentist

the face

instrument

check

to

sleptduring

not

of

failed

was

dentist

a

fearful

and

Because

the

The

countess

secresy

state

very

family physician.

Steno,

of

swollen.

depictedon

for

in the

neuralgia which

hours
forty-eight

She

forced

of

of her

in great distress

The

the

Much

for the repair of many
placed herself under his treatment
dam, the opteeth, and it being before the days of rubber
erator
with
the
idea
of
the
conceived
stopping
happy (?)
sponge

In less than

small

life.

found.

was

extraction

orifices of the ducts

to

ing
house, feel-

patronage

strictest

the

the

then

carious

was

his
from

the

down

cast

himself.

that

facial

the

disappearedon

promising

herself

was

was

the hands

at

treatment

lady

she

of

letter

a

observe

frankly applied to

so

a

see

that she

was

Another
to

would

opportunity

to

attempt

left the

and

came

and

in which

the condition
The

later

for "100

check

enclosing a

unsuccessful

an

his patient, he

of

lost the

days

two

after

Heavens!"

By

he had

that

and

presence

"Drunk!

exclaiming:
conscious

the

Dentistry.

of

countess,

a

prescriptionin

a

pen,

Archives

a

a

young

period

a

was
man

of

seven

case

from

for whom
years.

own
essayist's
practice. It
had
made
thirty-eightgold

the
he

During

the

month

of

March,

intermittent
in regard to a severe
him
patient consulted
which
he
thought was
pain in the region of the mental foramen,
that
caused
by the first superiorright bicuspid. The record showed
Dein
rather superficial gold fillings
two
the tooth had received
1

884, this

The

516

canal

caused
An

canals.

I found

pain.
the
gave
man
was

to

away

and

over

of

I observed

for the

left my

an

in

error

all the

the

of

the

anterior

the

pulp

distal buccal

canal

covered

by

a

buccal

dead

was

in these
intense

gave

nodule, which

and

some

case

extreme

sensitiveness

teeth.

The

actual

she

Patrick.

secondary
nodules

been

filed away

dentine

the

in

in the

pain

cause

of the

is dead
have

and

a

some

of

presence

a

nodule

Allport to Dr. Morrison.
the chamber
was
pulp when

Dr.

Morrison.

Dr.

the
little

or

"

pain, but

no

Grouse

thinks

that

the

pain

was

and

this process

cannot

process
very

severe,
was

done, but without
of the
a

remnant

the

anterior
into

came

eventually fillingthese
teeth

a

me

in the

I do

believe

not

containing a pulp

tooth
of

course

pain.

cause
case

of

sensitiveness

in

diagnose

to

nodules

having

and

how

a

pulp.

there

beneath

application of

the

after, produced intense
Dr.

necks

any

the

posteriorbuccal-root

orifice of the

relief of

opened?

sir, except

No

as

another

for

care

until

living,will

Was

"

of

care

of all the

and

was

error.

tell

one

ly.
unsight-

surfaces

teeth, but

part

crowned,

point of contact
This
operation was

my

opened a great many
the
pulp chamber,

I have

like to

from

proximal

cently,
re-

the

appearance.
to

bell

condition

the

at

crowns

returned

case

result

the

"

part of which

I should

the

the

under

was

notice

my

somewhat

when

ago

years

Sensitiveness, decay

contact.

Dr.

condition

the

of the
had

crowns

surfaces, has been

only

office.

to
practicethat came
teeth
were
abnormally

latelythe

to, and

submitted

pain

he

Subsequently
advised
who
filingaway
of improving her
purpose

dentist

the

that

canal

described.

I have

a

that

the

being largelyspaced

necks

such

of

in which

one

of

allow

before

speak

I will

the

into

acid for
applicationof arsenious
This
of devilatizingthe pulp in the canal.
operation
purpose
complete relief from the pain in the tooth, and yet the young
of pain in the face after
the operation
had a severe
paroxysm
rolled

was

orifice of the

the

Dentistry.

of

palatalroot, and also
no
pain, for the reason
attempt to explore the

of the

root

Archives

nodule

canal.
cold

Hot

which

ered
cov-

water

gave

immediately

water

pain.

the

formation

of nodules

painlessly.
becoming unbearable.
go

on

carried

relief.

The

as

far

tooth

into
was

certain

Cited

a

to

where

ease

Drillinggave
the

roots

pain,

cause

the

pain,

no

could

as

finallyextracted, and

almost
pulp had extended
of pulp tissue remaining at

to

the

this

apex

point.

of

the

Was

be
sification
os-

root,
subse-

Dental

quently obliged
found
of

their

teeth

about

was

to

was

no

from

Dr.

the

The

first.

dead

date

at

age

has

tissue

pulp

and

mouth

same

thirty-fiveyears,

had

now

in either

the

pulp

chief

lief
re-

of the

In

the

of the

pulp

deposition

dentine

and

the

of

whatever
Dr.
where

pulp
Dr.

walls

destroyed,
of

of

in other

than

the

the
of

the

the

pulp,

vessels

of

parts.

One

of

pulp

is sudden

of the

like

the

to

formation

have

corpuscles
when

results

The

passed

the

the

out

whole

pulp

irritation

dent
inci-

wall

of

This

the

normal

the

of

nerves

outside

of it.

pulp

appears

in many

receive

samples

Brophy

asks

if the

nodules

exist, is due

that

or

takes

and

of

covers

of

in

the

secondary
are

pulp

of

pulp

formed

once

the

by

tissue.

irritation

of the

from,

sult
re-

accompanied

are

is

tion
irrita-

place

and

secondary
a

pulp

likely to

of

chamber

etiological condition
to,

is

pulp

Growths

cases

results

tooth

Continuous

deposit

odontoblasts,

maybe

the

pain.

cause

nodules.

the

from

following degeneration

also

roots

blood

exposure.

the

on

agency

red

which

of

pulp

from

Would

pulp.

The

pulp usually

histologicalconditions
of

been

blood.

ends

never

spring

through

life and

hyperemia

stage is infarction

changes

terminal

tissue

the

approaching

or

thermal

of the
in

red

of the

actual
to

have

hyperemia

producing

next

with

Inflammation

subject

from

frail

more

states

The

filled

to

for

temperature.

vessels.

becomes

could

attacks

attained.

results

and

in

advanced

more

pulp

these

useful

been

have

inflammation.

thin

agencies

of

change

been

often

from

are

of

and

relieved

been

probably

have

Pain

is distinct
tooth

would

could

"

had

pains

if the remnant

or

result

Block.

which

teeth

pain,

similar

If the

"

the

over,

free

such

of the

that

to

thirty

There

years.

Morrison.

tided

the

similar

from

teeth

extracted.

Dr.

a

ten

other

extract

condition

operations
for

to

617

Societies.

ostosis
Exthe

of

dentine,

or

exposed.
pulp, present

calcification

of

tissue.
Are

Allport.
"

cases,

in

or

are

these

nodules

they simply

the

the

of

cause

result

of

producing pain?
[to

be

continued.]

pain experienced

irritation

and

not

in

cerned
con-

The

518

Archives

Dentistry.

of

JOURNALISTIC.
'Seading maketh

Therapeutical
The
a

valuable

He

first of the

conference,

of the

"The

first

subject,by

its

of these

causes

of 'summer

treatment

thing

as

disturbance

settled
and

this

with

affections,dividingthem

in

armanentarium

settle

which

to

referred

drugs

and

on

of

the

to

of

and

not

are

re

pro

given

of

the

forms

three

of

theory

obtain.

Without

comprises

The

nata.

order

of

a

case

the

ing
havture
na-

these

to

cope

following

that

course,

of

its

aimlessly about."
suggest in going out

infants

in the

treatment

definite

some

I would

diarrhaeas

determined

then

belongs, and,

case

remedies, it being understood, of

shall be

random,

which

summer

into

and

infantum,

the

undertaking

decide

to

above

point,to

cholera

the

the

"

editor, Dr. J. J. Mulheron,

which
pathologicalconditions
flounder
preliminariesthe physician must
The

Infants.

of

follows:

necessary

complaint' is

intestinal

man;

Diarbhceas

simple diarrhoea, entero-colitis,and
speaks

readj

a

man."

exact

Summer

"

this

on

an

Detroit, Jcontains,in its issue for July 25th,

of

Age,

article

treats

writing,

Notes.

Medical

full man;

a

and

the

ary
diet-

mentioned
at
drugs are
their importance: castor-

oil,prepared chalk, calomel, creasote, salicylic
acid, opium, strychnine,
bromide

vegetable astringents,ergot, belladonna, chamomile,
of

potassium, sulphuric acid, subnitrate

cocaine, the spice poultice,and
"A
to

brief

their

review

the

intestinal

calcium) is
now

is at the

very

an

antacid.

an

are

The

our

quite conclusive

as

The

a

these
mild

chalk
is

a

decided

but

through

it is sufiicient

its action

(carbonate of
cholagogue is
to

anti-fermentative
in

its influence

in

zinc,
assist

may

drug has, doubtless,

Wassilief

by
to

is

calomel

that

present purpose

conducted

of

Prepared

belief

of

baths.

emollient

an

antiseptic,having speciallymarked
Experiments

tory

Castor-oil

time

same

generally discarded.

action; but for
it is

physiologicalaction

membrane.

mucous

bismuth, oxide
cold

and

warm

therapeuticapplication.

purgative,and
on

of the

of

a

state

plex
com-

that
erties.
prop-

Hoppe-Seyler's laborpreventing decompo-

519

Journalistic.

Added
to
in the intestines.
butyric acid fermentation
fluid,it prevents the development of microorganisms,
a cultivating
have
while it destroys the activityof those which
already formed.
ride
of the bichloThese
propertiesare, probably, due to the formation
of
the
of mercury
through its union with the bichlorides
of infusoria
is intensely poisonous to all forms
stomach.
Creasote
of the gastric nerves,
and fungi. It allaysirritative conditions
stroys
anti-emetic.
excellent
and becomes
thus also an
Salicylicacid deof organic life and
ferments.
low forms
Opium has a very
sition and

manifold
the

fact that

of the

the

on

the

of striated

both

"Ergot
action

has

the

in the

non-striated

and

same

in the

striated

non

found

tissue

clinical

in atony

muscular
of

action

portions of
being able to

direction,

tonic

a

as

peculiarproperty

is noti(;eable
as

its value

all' surfaces

such

Without

this

in

and

tissue.

vaso-motor

tiber of

*

*

its

and
the
is

Belladonna

elsewhere.

rience
expetion,
relaxa-

*

spasm,

muscular

call
re-

tion
acperistaltic

from

also

centers.

physiologicalaction

demonstrated

has

influences

nerve-centers,

to

its characteristic

Strychnine,besides

affect the vaso-motor

its exact

secretion

it checks

that

is sufficient

it diminishes

that

anodyne,

of the skin.

as

it

present purpose

our

an

and

spinal motor

cord

state

it is

bowels,

that

except

for

action, but

tines,
intesa

ulant
stim-

of the capillaries.
causing contraction
from
It checks
excretion
glands. It relieves pain, Anstie
regarding it as the best remedy to mitigate pain of every kind in
it
the pelvic viscera.
Chamomile, through the volatile oil which
the power
of
subduing reflex excitability.
contains, possesses
Grisau
it impossible to tetanize with strychninea frog which
found
to

had

been
had

the

vaso-motor

centers,

fortified with
been

of chamomile

chamomile;

and

vice

produced by strychnine,it

could

bromide

of

oil.

The

power

of

versa,

be

when
calmed

potassium

ity
excitabil-

by
in

means

allaying

Subnitrate
of
bismuth
is well known.
acts,
excitability
the raucous
membrane
probably locally,forming a coating over
sides
Oxide
of zinc, beand protectingit from
the action of irritants.
being an astringent,possesses also the property of allaying
reflex
irritation.
Sulphuric acid is tonic aud astringent,with
action on the intestines.
The
local
thetic
anesan
apparently specific
discussed
action of cocaine
has been
much
so
recentlyas to
It suggests itself as an applicamake
reference
to it unnecessary.
tion
irritated
The
is
tant,
counter-irrithe
to
a
spice poultice
gums.
and is,probably, also antispasmodic through
absorption of
reflex

the

oils which

it contains.

"

N^. Y. Med.

Jour.

520

The

Menthol

as

solution

useful

Local

a

latter

surfaces, like those

of the

its effect is

be

to

Case

than

of

from

Partial

as

an

the

nose,

and

pharynx

than

of

that

the

larynx.

cocaine, it appears
a

of

one.

Excision
Facial

of

Inferior

the

Cure.

Neuralgia;

The

"

Ner'V'e

Dental

following

case,

comparative rarity of the operation, is, I
in the
interest to render
it worthy of insertion

and

trust, of sufficient
columns

earlier

the

results

the

cheaper than cocaine, is a
anesthetic
cous
applicationto mu-

after
repeated,even
application produced a longer period

latter

Persistent

thirty per

or

cumulative, for, when

somewhat

long interval,the
anesthesia

twenty

a

is much

evanescent

more

{Berline"'

Rosenberg

"

finds that

which

for the

Although

FOR

Anaesthetic.

of menthol,

substitute

Dentistry.

or

Wochenschrift;Lancet)

klinishe
cent,

Archives

Lancet.

of the

R., aged forty-five,
residingat Alves, Morayshire, N. B. (a
under
patient of my present principal,Dr. Ross, of Elgin), came
Mrs.

notice

my

of

a

type,'which,she

severe

constantlyfor
so

25th, 1885, suffering from

Feb.

on

the

me,

and

past twenty-three years,
and

intense

informed

The

prolonged as
past history:

to

left-sided

make

had

facial

existed

sometimes

life

a

almost
in

burden

ralgia
neu-

to

oxysms
parher.

following is her
in June, 1S62, she began to experience
During her first pregnancy
pain of a neuralgic character shooting up the left side of the
face from
the angle of the jaw to the parietal region of the head
unabated
for some
weeks,
pain continued
the
extracted
last molar
she consulted
a medical
gentleman, who
the cause
of
the affected side, thinking this was
tooth (lower) on
and the pain
found
the pain. The
to be sound
tooth, however, was
lower
unabated.
Ten
months
continued
subsequently the second
on

the

side.

same

molar

on

the

As

the

side

same

extracted

was

as

a

of

means

relief,but also

good effect,this tooth being as sound as the previous one.
During the latter half of 1862 and the whole of 18G3, the pain,
as
a
on
rule, came
principallyat night time, but disappeared during
it "as if a beetle were
She described
the day.
crawling along the
with

no

in the

nerve

seventeen

bone."

jaw

teeth

were

exception,all

were

Between

extracted
found

to

1863

and

by

different

be

healthy.

relief obtained
but the
practitioners,
hypodermic injectionslocallyapplied was
of

or

pain

recurred

as

severe

as

ever

not

long

after

1884

no

fewer

gentlemen, and,
She
from

consulted

a

than
out
withber
num-

tonic, sedative,

only partial,and
their

administration.

the

521

Journalistic.

On

patient applied to [me
examination, I thought

the

inferior

The

dental

for relief
the

case

proved futile.
6th
Accordingly on March
the following manner,
in the
Elgin, and Mr. Cantlie, and,

suitable

a

for excision

one

side, as all other

affected

of the

nerve

"25th of this year.

February

on

of
of

means

treatment

the

best

skin, with
the

to

its apex

face.

of

the

to

bone

the

circular

a

dental

bleeding

from

with, but

was

bone

with

gain

to

draw

the

injury to

bony
speedily

the

in

and

milder
was

this
The
and

of

dental

forward

and

the

outer

point corresponding

a

vessels

and

nerve

on

obliquely

were

facial nerve,
at

of

triangular flap

reflected

A
the

the

into

the

opening, to

vein

met

was

bone, enabled

the

without

slight extent

some

to

me

it.

traction

from

dental

by plugging the opening in the
sharply-curved hook, small enough

aperture of

lying beside

exit

inferior

and

controlled

forcible

its

the

shows, with

case

muscle

masseter

of

Adams

A

severing it (along with
to

a

angle, was

of

tissue

into

artery

By gradual

jaw

jaw exposed

sponge.

out

nerve

the

the

the

and

three-eighths of an inch trephine
and
the centre
of the exposed piece of ramus,
Some
in this way.
bone
carefully removed

entrance

an

the

the

small

a

of

foramen.

of

mass

the

inferior

the

applied to

next

was

of

of

ramus

branch

of

ramus

entrance
at

fibres
buccal

the

the

the

history of

the

as

Duff

Drs.

of

simple operationin

the

performed

presence

pointing to

The

divided, with
surface

Over

results.

I

its

of the

affected

mylo-hyoid branch)

the

mental

I succeeded

nerve,
at

a

responding
point cor-

Traction

foramen.

of

a

applied to the central end of the nerve, which
divided
as
By
high as possiblewith finelycurved scissors.
removed.
were
fully 2^ inches of the nerve
simple means,
was
easilyarrested by plugging,
slight,
hemorrhage, which was
solution
with a weak
the wound
well washed
(one in forty) of

carbolic

type

was

acid, to

next

remove

any

bone

dust

present.

The

skin

flap was

wound
The
placed i?i. situ and secured with silver sutures.
with lint
healed
daily dressed
principallyby granulation,and was
oil.
soaked
in carbolic
appeared
Beyond slight erythema which
next

in the wound
the
tenth
day after the
on
forty-eight hours
or
operation,the patient has not had a bad symptom
any pain since.
that
The
me
patient called on me the other day and informed
iota of pain since the day of
"she has not experienced one
tion."
operafor

This

visit

was

made

eleven

weeks

after

the

operation.

522

The

Remarks.

It is not

"

would

warrant

means

easy

often

in

one

'cases

that

the

whetlier

Had

this

pain

be

had

direction.

periphery central

of

the

nerve

and

its

on

some

rather
adhesions

or

it in

from

nerves

to

remove

much

of

as

slightestchance
Substitutes

the

after

union

at

to

once

fixed

that

rae

it depended

itself,(neuroma
to

or

on

pressure

alveolus.

From

the

division, I thought it desirable
to

to

the

prevent
Lancet.

recently expei'imentedwith
cocaine, or, as it may preferably

for

It

Christison, cucaine.
as

alkaloid, however, is difficult

This

tral
cen-

I have

"

caffeine

to

turn

is

no

constitutional

"

substitutes

by

why it invariably
pain in the periphery

possible,so as
taking place. London

called,following Sir Robert

be

of

result

as

nerve

CocAixji.

as

irritation

the

thickened

a

it is

as

understand

The

from

unite

for

alkaloids

other

the

difficult to

course

such

of

been

which

occur

nerve,

of

seat

kind

along the bone showed
morbid
change in the nerve
previous inflammation)

some

of
liability

this

course

part of its

some

of

affected

the

disturbances, it would
a

Dentistry.

of

severing

ascertain

to

peripheral.

or

Archives

the
to

was

substance.

promising

most

It is very

manage.

ral
natu-

insoluble

I boiled
reagents.
specimen after
refractoryto many
specimen in hydrochloric acid without obtaining a combination.
On evaporating,the well washed
crystalsappeared unchanged, and
trate
The
ordinary ciyielded no reaction to the tests for a chloride.
and

very

caffeine

of

mixture, and

of

proceeded

and

found

not

very

Sodio-cinnamate

per

more

caffeine

to

seems

double

salts

be

soon

with

periments.
ex-

readilyformed,
fore
dissipated. I there-

more

soda

as

additional

the

one

of

the

which

sodio-salicylatein

will

gives

the

contain

results.

same

is rather

62|^per

weaker

of

two

-cent

of
of

water

the

may

alkaloid.

Sodio-benzoate

gives a
alkaloid,containing only

cent.

I have
of

of

make

solution,but

similar
50

of

obtained,

be

indefinite

an

myself in possessionof some
very managable preparations.
and
soda
I
first
made
of
caffeine
Accidentally
salicylate
in some
it possess
degree the property sought. Though
taken
soluble in cold water, it is at once
applying
up on
remains
clear on cooling.
the solution

solution

thus

to

salt, but

true

found

base, and

A

a

unstable, the volatile acid being

it is

heat, and

is not

therefore, ill-adaptedfor the proposed

course,

Acetate
but

market

in the

chieflyused

considerable

value

costly cucaine.

the
and

salicylateand
in

some

cases

Applied locallyto

benzoate
may
mucous

salts.

replace

They
the

membranes,

are

much
these

524

The

clasp seemingly
days elapsed

before

apparatus

he

that

decided

was

four

some

established

was

Archives

into

injection given
made

was

of

about

ten

pyloric extremity
severed
and

arteries

in

were

at

had

drawn

the

been

to

cavity

which

might

large enough
also

was

taken

The

the

admire
with

of

a

enough
an

perfect

they
hour

was

this

patient
be

to

no

The

is

dependent

keep

to

of
as

why

a

well

dismissed

Practitioner.

tied

from

as

be

much

force

the

(the
could
cure

scored

be

should

by

perfectly

be

not

this

well

tight
actly
Ex-

ing.
bandag-

operation)
there

seems

forward

looked

weeks

test

other.

the

brilliant

two

nicest

final

and

ciently
suffi-

if not

each

expected,

that

necessary

was

after

day

second

tifully
beau-

ligature,

every

the

to

ach.
stom-

not

is the

to

first cut

the

could

This

approximate

care

inward

tightly they tear;

too

parts

perfect

success

turned

tied

tissue.

Great

most

was

Crede

just how

ment
move-

into

I

into

only just

plate.

stomach

and

back

made

Indeed,
Dr.

every

writing

doing

was

of

the

required

another

patient

If

exit.

which

with

result

time

reason

and

to,

with

skill

hand.

fail

At
the

the

the

ligatures being

easiest

the

the

of

was

conclusive

substance

foreign
coat

the

of

of

tremity,
ex-

coat

drawn

opening

an

stomach

muscular

other

any

then

any

inner

the

later

surgeon's

a

of

or

tion
examina-

pyloric

the

being

extraction

the

perfect appreciation

a

make

to

and

admit

to

knots

find

they might

of

the

from

retching

by

of

portion

stomach

supervene,

not

sewing

done,

the

admit

to

This

lost,

sublimate,

the

at

ligate

be

exposed

lodged

was

should

was

the

over

to

corrosive

of

phine
mor-

a

Incision

taken

blood

stomach

plate

and

transversely

ligatures passed through

prevent

abdominal

the

the

little

tion
opera-

digestive

vomit.

was

fact

the

an

the

to

care

solution

the

stomach

tendency

that

Four

last

condition

centimeters,

expected.

and

out

held

securely

that

the

chloroformed

Great

When

showed

once

in

possible

the

so

and

use.

at

stomach.

apparatus

constant

as

then

the

When

best

fifteen

immediately,

Lister

the

of

surgeon.

being

the

to

diameter.

lodged

minimize

to

in

was

Before

upon.

centimeters
a

plate

brought

was

tive

to

consulted

the

Dentistry.

of

geon."
sur-

young

later.
J.

"

S. M.

In-

BiBLIOGKAPHIC.

525

BIBLIOGRAPHIC.

The

Elements

Prof,

Pathology.

of

Rindfleisch, M.

Edward

By

D.,

Pathological Anatomy in the University of Wiirzburg,
H. Mercur, M
Translated
from
the German
by Wm.
Germany.
D., University of Pennsylvania. Revised
Tyson, M. D.,
by James
St. 1884.
Philadelphia. P. Blakiston, Son " Co., 1012 Walnut
ology,
PathThis
work
is not intended
to be a complete treatise
upon
who
have
but is chieflyintended
for those
some
knowledge
of

student

important subject;yet it conveys to the mind of the
and
still very clear
of pathology a concise, comprehensive,
the subject to which
it relates,and presents "the ground work
of this

exist in

must

it in

clear

as

the
work

this,as

necessary

will be

Handbook

the

an

To

dentist

the

exhaustive

science, and

study

Arthur

Walnut

Diagnosis

Treatment

and

place

to

vote
de-

subject,this

Skin

of

Diseases.

Diseases

Van

St.

which

cannot

the

on

Harlinggen, M. D., Prof, of
Skin, etc., etc., Philadelphia. P. Blakiston,

By

who

of

peculiarlyuseful.

found

of

to

natural

iu every

as

lightas possible."

a

time

well

idea

of

"

Son

Co.,

the
1012

1884.

of the Skin, suited
to
practicalwork on Diseases
will find it reliable in the
who
the wants
of the busy practitioner,
of this class of diseases, as
description,diagnosis and treatment
commonly met with in practice. It is not designed as a complete
This

text

book

is

book, and

a

for this

is limited

reason

of this class of diseases.
the

general practitionerfor

executed

author
faithful

the

the

more

eties
vari-

common

deserves

the

in which

manner

of

thanks
he

has

his task.

Elementary
OF

The

to

Principles

Physicians

and

of

Eleotro-Therapeutics

Students.

By

C. M.

for

Haynes,

M.

Use

the

cago,
D., Chi-

Ills.
The

use

of

general that

as
electricity

a

practitionersof

with
acquaint themselves
diseases,especiallythose

therapeutic agent
every

its great
of the

branch

has

of the

become

now

healing art

in certain
capabilities

nervous

system.

To

use

so

should

classes

of

this agent

526

The

Archives

of

and
intelligently

thus

safely,one

must

apparatus

for

the arrangement
the

different
the

cases,

and

of the

the

method,
other

many

Build

to

In

object of

of all sizes from

two

Sent
W.

Hints

in

Progress
D., Kansas

Laparotomy
St.

intend

to

this

a

us

copy

a

vs.

new

specifications
Also

up.

built

and

of

from

gravings,
en-

the

plans
material
required to
tive
on
subjects relainformation

much

fail

cannot

to

of

useful

be

build.
Geo.

by mail, post-paid, on receipt of twenty-five cents, by
Ogilvie,236 Lake St., Chicago, 111.

Recent
M.

who

with

particular
application,
work
to supply.

rooms

information

building and building contracts,
and
practical value, that
permanent
those

also

to

plans and

to

to

with

of its

sent

of houses

houses; has valuable

only

RECEIVED.

addition, it gives the quantity of

the

construct

each

the duration

It contains

appearance

not

generation,but

publisher has

title.

twenty-fivehouses
showing the

given.

and

it is the

The

above

the

its

PAMPHLETS

Houses.

book, with
for

frequency

AND

familiar

be

adaptabilityof

details which

BOOKS
How

the

and

currents

Dentistry.

Abdominal

Surgery.

By

Moses

T.

Runnels,

City, Mo.
By

Embryotomy.

Mrs.

M.

B.

M.

Pearman,

D.,

Louis, Mo.

Indigestion.
investigations. From

A

on

New

of

resume

various

The

authors.

German

brief

the

latest

physiological

English, American,
York

Pharmacal

French

and

Association, New

York.
Animalis.

Calor

Dr.

J.

F.

Sanborn, M.

D., D. D. S., Hamburg,

Iowa.
Believers.

Great
in

Christian

Christian
truth

of

Suersen's
Weber.
North-Central

1885, and

By Charles

Thought.

S.

Read

before

the

American

Au
Philosophy, Oct., 1884.
eldquent
the philosophy of Christianity.

Oblurators, Their

Reprint
and
closes

from

Construction

Independent

South

April 1,

American
1886.

N.

Stockton, D. D. S., Newark,

and

Uses.

Institute
tribute

By

to

Dr.

J.,
of
the

Th.

Practitioner.

Exposition, opens

Nov.

10

BoOK8

Barnes'

Phonetic

PAMi'IILETS

AKD

Shorthand

RECEIVED.

Shorthand

with

Primer,

527

tions,
Interlinea-

of Words.
Giving the Pronunciation
By
Barnes, Principal,St. Louis Shorthand
Institute,etc.,
Price, $1.00 by mail.
by the author.
before

Speech

the Dental

Society of

the

State

of New

York,

Meeting, May, 1885, by Prof. R. B. Winder,
of Baltimore
S., Dean
College of Dental Surgery.
Reflex
Interesting

Some

John

By
Vin

J.

Neuroses,

Caldwell,

M.

with

Treatment

D., Baltimore,

Mariani, Erythroxylon

Cocoa.

lished
Pub-

etc.

Annual
D.

J.

Arthur

M.

its

at

D.,

D.

Comments.

and

Md.

Mariani

"

Co., Paris

and

New

York.

Typhoid Fever and Low
D., Lansing, Mich.
of Malaria

Nature
J. W.

and

of the

D.,

Abuse

Organs.
Address

Before

Seventeeth
D.

D.

the

B.

By Henry

Origin

of

Place.

to

as

Baker,

M.

By

York.
Alcohol

J. W.

American

in

the

Dowling,

New

Academy

Meeting, Nov.,

Circulatoryand

piratory
Res-

York.
Dental

of

By

1884.

Science, at

Edward

N.

the

Harris,

Mass.

Peroxide.

Hydrogen

New
of

By

Annual

S.,Boston,

in Wells.

its Peculiarities

M.

Dowling,

Effects

The

Water

By

Wm.

B.

Clark,

M.

Ind.
D., Indianapolis,

Prof.
By J. P. Kingsley,M. D., St. Louis.
Diseases
Mat. Medica, Therapeutics and
of Children, Missouri
Medical
College,St. Louis.

Malaria

in Children.

Tabular

Statistics

D.,

Medical

One

Hundred

by ElectrolysisWithout

Treated
M.

of

New

Cases

of

Urethral

Relapse. By

Robert

Stricture,
Newman,

York.

Education.

A

read

paper

before

the

Philadelphia

cal
Medi-

Society,Sept.,1884.
By Henry Leffmann, M. D., D. D. S.,
tal
Prof. Chemistry and Metallurgy at Pennsylvania College of DenSurgery, etc., etc., Philadelphia.
A

Plea

for the

Use

of Pure

and

Alcohol

Alcoholic

Mixt-

to
mented
Composition, in Preference
Ordinary FerLiquids. By Henry Leffmann, M. D., Philadelphia.

of

tures

Voice

Medical

of

Known

Singers. By

Ohio.

Carl

H.

Von

Klein,

A.

M.,

M.

D.,

of

ton,
Day-

528

The

Archives

Dentistry.

of

CORRESPONDENCE.

New
Editor
to

Archives:

modify.

forth

My

in my

to

nothing

remains

position

to

Dr.

the

and

entertained

which

he

cannot

I

prove

same

Black

doubtful

the

required the

of

a

skillful

I

my

paying

Dr.Black's

be

to

no

never

ter
mat-

cal
pathologi-

from

time

same

accoucheur

his

ferences
in-

whatever

entertained,

comi)liment of pretending that

services

false

which

ideas

ever

the

at

fully set

as

relation

no

sophisticalhis reasoning or how "profound
insight,"winds up by metaphoricallypushing me
it himself, and

anything

from

how

position,usurping

I

1885.

erable
Richardson, after consid-

have
engaging in side issues which
subject in question,attributing to me

the

18,

have

nor

deductions

bush, drawing

the

about

retract

exactly

communication.

former

beating

I have

"

La., Oct.

Orleans,

own

Prof.
ideas

delivered.
intelligently

Dr.
what
presumption that I did not understand
and
is
meant
a
mere
gratuitous subterfuge
unworthy of
In the whole
five pages
he brings not
serious consideration.
one
and
in
fact
finallyacknowledges
position,
proof to controvert
my
after
its tenability. Of
are
disputants
agreed upon the
course,
discussion
is
of
it
and
a
one
supererogation to argue
07ily point
The

is

Black

further.
that Dr. Richardson
concluding, however, I will observe
I was
in his zeal to sustain himself, parades 7iot my
views, but what
arily
ordinsaid.
while
have
to
Now,
journal reports may
reported
be in the main
correct, they are
generally but contracted
sometimes
and
wholly wrong, and
quotations,frequently perverted,
would
the opinions of
as
no
uncpialiliedly
just man
accept them
I
the person
free
to confess, is a
am
reported. My "pet theory,"
Before

revelation

to

that

I did

me.

know

not

that

I entertained

ridiculous

is

than

Dr.

it

before; but

Richardson's

hardly any more
theory
though they be
theory of dynamics as applied to the teeth, even
doctor
I
the
that
must
ever
so
strongly suspect
poorly organized.
he asserted
force necessary
that the exact
to
have been
joking when
delivered
from
blow
fracture
tooth
whatever
"a
was
vigorous
any
I fear
serious
end of a healthy mule;" but if he
the business
was
his statement
that

will

accredited

controversy
which

I

was

the

to

progenitor.
Disputes of

any

was

deceive

not

not

last

kind
of

are

even

named

an

intelligence on

animal's

repugnant

humble

to

my
the

making, but
compelled me, in my own
the profession at large.
my

Respectfully,

par

Geo.

defence,

with

despised

disposition.
peculiar manner

assailed

myself right before

a

and

to

J. Friedrichs.

This
in

place

a?nE

Archives of Dentistry.
J

Vol.

Record

Monthly

A

n., No.

all the

By

last

the

ries have

the

and

processes,

require

the

of

that

with

to

overlooked
in

not

practice.

seeking
As

there

its
or

to
are

to

made
of

an

a

acquaint

himself

is

origin.

one

the

homeopathic
differences

in

dentistry.
of

of

with

most

agents,
mode

every

efforts

relieve

to

science
all

the

physiological

remedial

have,

is

scientific
with

potent

therapeutics
of

system,

consideration

Dental

dentists
of

remedial

peutics.
thera-

a

his

almost

making

but

neglected

wide

other

in

inquir-

chirurgical art,

a

and

dental

progress;

for

knowledge

available,

and

employ

of this

extent

and

homeopathic

remedies

drugs,

dentist
be

may

relativeto

accurate

of

rapid strides,

contribute

cure,

action

dangers

avert

or

the

progressive

treatment

distress

demand

which

conditions

great

so

D.

auspicious

using homeopathic
is to

DENTISTRY.

references

progress

is

time

the

dentistry

Although

of

of

general

M.

several

years

periodicals

the

that

desirability

many

in dental

indicate

Howe,

three

or

fact, with

This
seems

IN

J. Morgan

two

appeared

to

excel,
writing well."

wise
is

masterpiece

THERAPEUTICS

HOMEOPATHIC

During

the

in which

arts

chief

Nature's

Series.

[New

ARTICLES.

ORIGINAL
Of

Art.

and

1885.

DECEMBER,

12.]

'

Science

Dental

of

opinion

few
means

in

gressing
provance
adceptions,
ex-

of
their

regarding

The

530

homeopathy as
beginning that
present

few

a

to

it is not

show

to

give
after

not

from

their

some

been

of

has

been

dental

to

those

we

be

state

at

the

question,

but

to

to

in

interested

the

belief

will

relieve

resumed

entire

who

know

for

that

in

reliance
the

physicians of

either

treatment,

there

system

dentists

few

well

that

argue

for

reasons

this system,

employment

of medical
but

a

be

the

utilityof applying homeopathy

physiologicalaction to
speedily and certainly than by
are

to
to

the

There

it may

system,

arguments

the

Dentistry.

of

proposed

and

to

remedies

use

remedial

a

facts

tending
practice,and

Archives

to

dental

by learning

distress

and

tissues

the

able
enmore

methods.

other

on

ject,
sub-

eflScacyof homeopathy
school

that

themselves

or

when

for

in

their

need

families;

little

applicationof the homceopathic
Much
disease, by dentists.
emphasis has well
as

yet very

laid of late upon

the

fact that

teeth

tissues

are

the

of

body,

and

although this truth is quitegenerallyrecognized,there has been
but little practicalapplicationof this knowledge by dentists in the
of disease
in the
tissues
treatment
maxillary, gingival or dental
by seeking to produce such specialeffects upon the system as would
favor

return

We

have

normal

to

naturally considered

in many

when

conditions.
local

conditions

systematic disturbances

cases

ly,
exclusive-

almost

largely

were

cerned
con-

in

we
excitingthe pathologicalcondition
sought to change.
A tooth with a devitalized
undisturbed
for
pulp frequently remains
until
the
least warning symptom,
giving its owner
years without
local violence, it becomes
the
of an
seat
suddenly, and without
that the cause
of the painful disturbance,
acute
pericementitis. We
say

from
the

which

the

sufferer

seeks

relief,is

sphacelatepulp, practicallylosing sight

condition

has

until

long

change

some

the toothache
which

would

other
and

existed

be

conditions
of chemical

without

has

occurred

quite inadequate
erosion

system;
or

in

is often

of pregnancy

of the

causing

to

the

the

of

any

the

the

fact

that

excited

of

that

ance,
disturb-

apparent

condition

of

presence

the

dental

tem;
sys-

lesion

by a
permit painfulirritation during
of pyorrhea alveolaris,
advent

abrasion, are

not

concomitant

with

any

caries has

food;
hygiene, or
comparative arrest; teeth aprapid advance
parently
well organized become
subject to persistently recurring
become
perceptibly
decay, and teeth that we call poor in structure
their integrity without
recognized
improved in abilityto maintain
constant

its

local

condition, or

periods of

local

causes.

Noticeable

habit

of

and

of

changes

in the

of

color

of

the

teeth

occur

Thk

532

Archives

Dentistry.

of

If

drugs,homeopathically administered, accomplish their purpose
in any fair proportion of cases,
in dental
disease
of
in the hands
but little about
teeth,why may not the special
physicianswho know
action of drugs
that elective affinity
lar
by which they effect particube made
tissues
the dentists' highest hopes
to serve
or
organs
ing
by reaching the dental tissues through the system, thus accomplish"

"

what

local

for

have

means

dentist

the

best

at

but

mains
partiallyeffected; it only reacquainted with the action of
The
he has to combat.
special

become

to

drugs as he is with the diseases
latation
and peculiaraction of many
drugs are generallyrecognized; the dimuscles
of the pupil by belladonna, paralysisof extensor
Necrosis
of maxillse
(wristdrop) caused by lead.
by phosporous,
into
introduced
and vomiting produced by ipecacuanha even
when
the

circulation
but

by
there

action

in the

other

of

similar

are

all

channels

drugs

than

the

stomach,

more
peculiarities,

which

less

or

trations,
illus-

as

marked,

generally noted
except
actions
these
special

not

are

serve

alone
are
homeopaths, and by them
fects.
made
an
important part of a system of prescribingfor curative efmedica
contains
immense
The
an
homeopathic materia
of drug action referringto dental and contignumber
of symptoms
uous

by

of

tissues, many
would

which

known
condition

of

useless

made

little about

but

useful

perhaps

may
been

has

symptoms

be

perhaps
this

for

reason

them

and

teeth

by

as

be

and

gums

so

reliable,but

basis

a

that

those

teeth,

diseased

and

have

the

for

be

these

of

part have

most

carefullyobserved

not

to

prescriptions:one

compilation

the

who

as

for

also

many

able

the

discriminate

to

curacy
ac-

previously existing,and those
produced or aggravated by drug action; but enough is positively
sirous
known
of the effects of many
drugs to enable dentists who are degin
benefits to be obtained, to beof availing themselves
of the
between

the

by

study

their

as

that

avoid
be

not

there

hope

to

drug

can

may

forming

should

for the

be found

little

cause

be credited

and

be

reduced

.to

for doubt
with

any

as

will effect

a

cure

which

to

of

the

much

as
seem

sirable
dein

minimum,

a

favorable

in
discovery of specifics,
that

make

judgments, it would

correct

should

conditions

diseased

some

conclusions

erroneous

be

of

treatment

disease, as
subjects;but as the same
in
its action by varying symptoms

in all
manifests

in

the

local medication

employed

means

one

To
may

that

are

also

use.

progress

order

and

conditions

sense

of

result.
that

the
We
any

ease
particulardisknown
by name,
different
subjects,

any

Original
remedies

of different

and

curative

produce

to

the

is

wide

a

dental

homeopathic
time

much

be similar.

must

study and work before dentists who may
for
be established
in this subject, data
may
therapeuticsthat shall place it on as stable a

basis, as is that system
but

disease

field for

interested

become

given according to the symptoms,
the drug symptoms
to this end

be

must

action, and

of the

symptoms

There

action

533

Articles.

and

applied to

labor

be

must

of other

the diseases

cure

devoted

No

work.

the

to

tissues;
claim

by any, so far as I know, for perfectionin homeopathic
know
more
better, or are
therapeutics. On the other hand none
materia
medthe
willing to acknowledge than homeopaths, that
sion
of reviica contains
and imperfections,and the work
errors
many

is

made

is

constantlygoing
is

system
but

will advance

dentists

Information

and

advice
the

there

the

overthrown,

It is, so
perfectknowledge.
will no
doubt
be gladly given

latter

in

may

physiology
probably a number

are

be

cannot

and

in the anatomy

tissues, and

to

nearer

by physicians,and

informed

better

and

nearer

is, that the basis of

claim

sciences

and like other
scientific,

advancing.
to

the

but

on;

become

turn

dental

of

much

and

illary
max-

dentists

of

who

successful
experience,
subject to report some
who
wish
which
would
to
be a help and inspirationto some
study
diseased
of some
and practiceas suggested, for the better control

know

enough

conditions
hands.

of this

which
Shall

the

not

RELATIONS

THE

Kead

before

the

work

OF

relations

of

of New

and

general to special practiceare
individual

The

into

premises generally

contention, instead
until

easy

the

as

the

to

of the

certaintybe
seem

occultness

to

be

becomes

stimulus

attained.

spontaneous,

of the

their

molecular

PRACTICE.

6, I880, by Dr.

York.

principlesconstitutinga knowledge of fimction
of its manifestations
be special to each
must
certaintyin

in

means

Society, Nov.

Dental

Atkinson,

definiteness.

is to

vagueness

other

SPECIAL

TO

Valley

H.

by

begin?

GENERAL

Connecticut
W.

The

intractable

been

have

the

other

each

to

application
and

the

ground

the

deflections

The

case.

of

as

lack
of

of

dispute

gation
thoroughness of investithe expert, diagnosis is so
the gift of superior insight

to

To
and

convergences

and

divergences

The

534

underlie

which

fact and

health

this is the
and

genius

dull

the

gives himself

credit

field of medicine

of less breadth
of what

the

and

In

all true

diagnosis this is the
the
inspirational

between
point of difference
plodding of the so-called "scientist."
for

mastered

having
claim

instant

the

of range

will

is, and

what

case

Dentistry.

of

disease.

and

is apt to

display on

cannot

Archives

the

whole

He

who

of

range

the

he
depth of knowledge which
in a given case.
While
the specialist
be capable of definiteness
of perception
a

do

to

for

it,by

of his

reason

ness
direct-

of
specificity

apprehension, comprehension and decision.
The
to working together of the general and
great hindrance
cial
spelies
in
the
of
not
practitioner
assumption
knowledge
possessed
either.
Were
utilize
to
each
others
by
they large enough
ability,
irrespectiveof the school to which
they belong, and broad enough
and trouble
to take the time
to get at
just the exact
meaning of
each
then
be
able
to
other, they would
pool their strength
for the
benefit
of the patients j^rimaril}',
and of each
mately.
other ultiCodes

to stand
ethics, and agreements
machinations
of darkness; and
thoughts

the

are

truth

and

of

justicebecome

the

To

either

that

assent

80

wedded

to

of

his

effort

of

general or

favor

to

meant

to

vantage

other,

and

error

tension.
pre-

special practitioner is

be
diflicult to substantiate.
(ideal) would
The
first points to his degrees and respectableassociates,instead
of
in practiceas the
proving his positions;the second pointsto success
thus each wraps
test of the correctness
of his positions. And
self
himin the mantle
of his dignity and
deems
the
other
unworthy

this

his

coinage

each

by

convince

to

of

out

grows

idol

the

or

ambiguity

be

himself

convinced.

and

looseness

of

their
modes
of
behavior
in
principles and
mass
presentation,constitutingnormal and abnormal
discrimination

the
A

great mistake

aud

in

not

from

age,

attempt

to

stages of its appearance

is,failure
sex

and

understanding
universal
the

is in the

constitute

the

molecular

the

and

degrees

of

and

manifestations,
for

competency

diagnose

study

case

of

diagnosis.
a

as

the

whole

departure

health.

Another

or

of which

All

results
two

ailment

habit

to

other

of every
of

take

Another

case.
a

great

enter

tion,
constitu-

into

correct

function, and

as
prominent appearances
typicalof
is persistentlycalled by people and

is

error

part of the symptoms

of

of

differences

account

conditions, all of which

taking

of disturbance

into

of
the

the

almost

entiretyof
one
regarding some
as

the

"disease"

as

each

practitioners. Proba

Original

bly the greatest
preexistence in

in the

obstacle

535

Articles.

origin and

its

diagnosis has

of

way

eases."
departure from health as "disteristics,
As
if they were
things with generic and specificcharacIn the very nature
to be killed or extirpatedlike vermin.
things learners are apt to follow in the line of authorityby acceptance,

of

rather
be

to

themselves

If the

that he

description in
wait

for the

function

aberrant
could

we

keep

clinics upon
all

might

to

subject,taught
expression of the
and practice.
But

reliable.

be

practicecases
as

Hence,

record.

he

this

has

the

demand

actual

jealousiesand

professorsin collegesto

cases,

should

we

soon

difPerences,between

be in
the

a

that

or

watch

to

give him the cue as
catalogued as belonging

down
and
set
rigidly named
living experts in diagnosisand

titioner
prac-

every

which
those

cesses
pro-

like the record

so

belonging to

as

so

teristics,
charac-

distinct

permanent,

and

class

the

to

burn

ticular
par-

without

one

as

so

records, and

cal

the

manifestations

of likeness

exactness

had

recognize them

to

of

doctrine

find in

cannot

of the

modes

diseases

called

observations

him

enable

to

the

all,comprehending

conditions
recorded

as

of

masters

of

knows

of

full comprehension

than

most

classification

the

typical. If
mosologiwholly by

teach

condition

to

special

the

general and

banish

regionalpractitioner.
be a safe specialist
without
the general knowledge in
one
can
can
therapeutics. Neither
anatomy, physiology, pathology, and
or

No

be

safe

general practitionerwho has lightlyrun over
any
this
of
the
human
In
the
of
last
statement
then,
body.
region
light
is it not plain that no M. D. who
has not also attained the knowledge

any

one

a

to

cases

text-books

and

be entitled
by the D. D. S., can by possibility,
of the
belonging to dentistry? An examination
of study in medical
prescribed courses
collegeswill

decide

indicated

fact of the

attention

meagre

called

nourishment, derangements and
lead

to

conclusion

the

of the

teeth

that

to

and

to

the

embryology, histology,
of the

treatment

competency

in health

the

reveal

teeth,which

understand

the
is

departures therefrom,

must

ment
manage-

by

such

ment
nearly every dental enactfor the safety of the people against incompetent dentistryhas
tacitlyor openly acknowledged that graduation as physician,or
tistry.
of such degree to practicedenrather as M. D., entitled the holder

instructions

A
power,
enactment

and

impossible.

most

Nevertheless

puerile enactment

this,too, endorsed
of such

a

code

of

and
the

flagrantabuse
who

of

legislative
favored

by
very men
and
regulating
legitimizing the

the
prac-

The

536

tice.
such

dentists

Yes!

folly,and

have

Akchives

Dentistry.

of

good practiceare and have
cheek
to wipe their lipsand

in
the

guilty of

been
say

have

"we

sinned."

not

These

dentists

the

are

who

collegesand
whom
they

in dental

chairs

occupy

positionsby the favor of the very M. D's.
of the cases
know
to be unable
to legitimatelydiagnose one-fourth
The
of defective
function
journals
resulting from tooth trouble.
full of jumped at conclusions
of occulists,aurists,laryngologists
are

hold

their

bad
of bad
larynxes,and
general practitioners,
ears,
eyes,
teeth.
The
only
general bodily ailments, arisingfrom defective
rationale of the matter
is that not
being able to satisfythemselves
to
their easy virtue led them
of the source
of the ailingsthey saw,
make
the
teeth a
for their sins of ignorance.
Any
scapegoat
and

who
specialmedicine
satisfied until he comprehends

practitionerof general or
to

courage,

not

be

has

the

moral

the

not

in

case

hand

convincingly state it to others, is derelict in duty
if he pi'onounce
a prescripan
tion.
opinion or diagnosis,or if he make
If
be
he
He has not
yet arrived at a diagnosis of the case.
conscious
of himself
not
thority
being authority he is sure to seek that auas

so

be able

to

outside

to

of

credit

himself,

in consultation

of books

others, who

or

being authority upon the subject.
of consulting as authority,books, practitionSo very many
cases
ers
in
failure
and professorsthat resulted
to get at diagnosis have
been
occurred
series years, that I have
to me
through an extended
exclaim
How
with
led
the
to
long! How
long.
prophet of old
gives the

he

of

"

"

Lord

dear

Oh!

adequate

to

Reverence

shall

and

things endure,

find

!

answer!

no

need?

our

for

authority or

these

in

authority is

places which

right,but

all

should

be

the

for those

reverence

magisterialseat

in

of that

only legitimately be called by that
show
to us
is anything but
unless
sacred
name
they can
right,
in point a
that
they hold the truth in righteousness. A case
dislocated
by a
eight years had her inferior canines
girlof some
wisdom

excellent

that

can

"

stone.

M.

Her

D., who

parents put her under

poulticed

the

chin

the

care

until

of

a

beloved

suppuration

and

made

trusted
its way

through the under jaw at the junction of the variable and permanent
She
the
mental
at
tinued
consymphysis.
portions immediately
in charge of her doctor
for seven
years at the expiration of
child budding
of time the mother
which
term
seeing her beloved
into womanhood

with

a

running

sore

at

the

chin, asked

in all

con-

fidence

he
weeks
in

"How

of the Doctor
would

he

think
her

gave
of

one

letter

to

and

best

oldest

the
She

country.

a

took

child

the

advice

have

him

and

after

with
a

the

mother

examination, the

consent

the

dentist

whom

sufficient

not

was

the

say

dentist

the

done
and

daughter
we

the

will

decide

face

of your

means

bring

father

came

dentist

your
how

to

also.

in with

At

the

and

the
If

in

this

which

she

your

and

then
of

along, by all
1, 1885, the

Nov.

dentist

saying their

doctor

it to

appearance

come

day,

"if he

bring

or

the

will

doctor

your

a

Suffice

morning

the

of

advice, which

my

send

and

teeth

o'clock

11

her

not

detailingthe

After

give

to

could

to know

wished

afternoon.

eleven

save

daughter.

him

and

consent

introduction

of

note

home

at

and

depend upon?"

to

a

Go

follows:

as

result

the

he

them

advice

the doctor

him

mother

told

the

last Saturday
on
brought to me
me
foregoing history,she desired
was

and

since

incisors

without

teeth

authority for

gave

this

lady) to her dentist

dentist

named, whereupon

he

surgery

(both being pulpless)
for
teeth were
out, to bring her to him
obeyed and took daughter and doctor
of high
advice
of her wish
to follow

authority. Upon
extract

of

and

Doctor,

her

young

central

dentist,informing him
to

some

days

few

plied
re-

three

colleges in

medical

professor a

(now

inferior

The

operation.
her

to

weeks

the

In

her.

professor

known

confer

child

the

the

extract

in three

the

take

to

inform

renowned

a

to

got for reply that he would
was,

and

over

he

which

To

last?"

is this to

long

it

537

Articles.

Original

follow

would

well as a
as
engaged in general conversation
shortly. We
she
to which
repetitionof the history of the case and the treatment
and we
in good time
had been
subjected. The dentist came
ceeded
proinferior
central
of
both
to open
incisors,
through the length
by necrosed, cancellous and
fully into a pit in the jaw bordered
them

dense

bone

pumped

and

and

creasote

needle, till it oozed
with
it

pelletof

a

so

which

to

to

dead

cotton

it
the

of

oil

from

afford

remove

renew

cloves

tistule

Then

in creasote

and

ready access
next
Tuesday

tents, in the

the

to

meantime

to

fine

dressing

the

opening

packed

we

oil of cloves

necrosis

m., at

p.

a

on

to

for the

open

with

The

tist
den-

down

well

distend

burr

o'clock.

three

We

chin.

the

under

cotton

on

fistule.

the
wet

the

to

the

bone.

This
next

to

as

with

connecting

is all of the

Tuesday,
with

a

after

sterilized

case

I

can

burring
sponge.

give
out

the

at

present; when

dead

bone

she

I shall

back

comes

pack

the

ity
cav-

538

The

Archives

SOME
BY

In

giving

of

of

before

the

some

of

and

OF

MAXFIELD,

D.

Connecticut

in
the

as

PRACTICE.

D.

S., HOLYOKE,

Valley

methods

my

new,

but

you,

ideas

from

A.

anything

present
many

METHODS

GEO.

Read

Dentistry.

of

Dental

of

Society.

practice,I

fact, they may
of

object

opinions,and

each

MASS,
Nov.

do

not

to
commonplace
society is the interchange
is expected to contribute

our

member

experience, I, therefore, present some
mine, feelingsure, if I can provoke discussion, some
Our

efforts,we

our

gold

the

was

that
teach

must

especiallyas to the
teeth.
treatingand filling
that

only

point, where,
and practicethe

materials
In

and

the

past

fit material

used, but

is of

now

equal value

in its

exclusively,that
Each

what

of

our

methods

are

and

almost

now,

Is there

of

I wish
to

If

we

endorse
to

are

of

call

to

the

different

continue

glance

over

dental

depots, and

to

the

look

we

of

of

to

us

that

the

this

advertisement
what

insist

has

upon
the

and

past
vel
mar-

we

been,

have

that

the

study

the

made,

remedies

endorse

the

ard
stand-

the

over

been

to

either

profession.
raise

to

back

to

dental

sion?
profesof

readiness

so

alloys.

practice,how
of

in

use

uses

consider

nothing, as

amalgam

is cast

tion,
elec-

many

our

methods

specialattention

quackery, that
the

As

which, they know

now

must

that

one

endeavoring

behooves

some

of

universallyprevalent.
profession that is so ready

othei^

any

materials

many

consider

we

seen

member

the great progress

note

at it when

have

say

be

to

shall pursue.

we

we

competent

a

is

us

fiftyyears, and
and

place,and

he is not

we

of

teeth, others declaring
filling
the only material
that should
was
each
that point where
claim
we

reached

supposed
profession, and it

one

of

have

we

success

doctrine

remedies
we

luve

to

for

that amalgam
just as persistently
be

thoughts from
sue
good will en-

attempt.

my

profession has reached

crown

to

expect

seem

his

from

6, 188.5.

are
us

by

different

to

we

the

refute

many?
alloysoffered
so

putation
im-

Just

by

a

the

revealed
to
are
quack names
For instance, "Gold
and Platinum
loy,"'
Alus.
Gold
Alloy," "Plastic
"Plastic
Platinized
gin
Gold," "Platinum
Eclipse Alloy," "VirWhite
"Atlas
"Sans
Alloy," "Star
Amalgam,"
Amalgam,"
Tache
host
of others.
Alloy," and so I might enumerate
a
Now,
say
for

one

least,the
may

four

an

array

of

first mentioned

easilysee,

from

their

names

are

very

price,that only

a

ing,
misleadvery

small

540

ounces

loss to

each

While

Messrs.

Johnson

been

making

I
been

from

from

the

three

about

alloy
I

whole

to

a

the

ounces

at

very

ingot is

my

file,not

too

fine.

alloys,set

too

cavities

having

four

After

particlesof steel that
allowing it to stand

using,because amalgams
it works
quickly, therefore
walls

I

work

I

cast,

fluid

a

of

the

for

by

per cent,

it up

into

passing a magnet
have

may

six

from
from

made

called
three

has

comes

in
rapidly when
be approximately

quantitiesas
quantity equal to

tin, a

perience
ex-

loss

my

undoubtedly

the

out

have

always

time, and
loss

made, may

more

file,I put it away

a

This

cent.

oxidizes

all

"We

it."

prevent

before

year

For

five

After

fillings,
using a cross-cut
through it, to take out
from

way

when

amount.

to

no

per

I add

unavoidable."

and

twenty-liveyears,

over

wish, I weigh

formnla, then
the

four

to

my

proportion that
the

know

is

melt

ounce

Lund, of Philadelphia,say:

for

tin, as this metal

That

state.

and

amalgams

generally melt

Dentistry.

of

hundred

one

loss, and

a

of

Archives

jThe

come

months

freshly

filed

satisfactoryafter

more

the first mentioned

generally use

fillings,
having only three walls or for contour
I use
the second
ties
alloy. By making a mixture, taking equal quantiof the fillings,
of the two
alloys,I have another alloy,the two
melts
tical
giving me then three grades of sUoys, sufficient for all pracused.
be
think
I
where
an
ought'to
amalgam filling
purposes,
After
six months'
aging, I find these alloys are moderately quick

alloy,but

in

for cavities

setting.
One

thing

cavity with

learned

I have

and

amalgam,

cavityas though

it

in
that

regard ,to
is,it

of

manner

should

never

It should

putty.

were

the

be

forced

be

fillinga
pressed into a
into

ty
cavi-

the

in the cavity and
by gentle taps, that is,place part of the filling
piece, tapping that into
gently tap it into place,then add another
ities,
approximal cavplace,and so on until the cavity is filled. In filling
unless
there
the grinding surface
I always cut through from
to
to tap the fillinginis space enough between
the teeth to allow
me

place.

I have

seen

that
approximal fillings

many

owing I think to this reason, that the amalgam
the cavity,the position of the cavities showing
been

in such
make
For

to

room
cases
a

insert
to

it in any

sacrifice

a

other

little

perfect filling.
conveying the amalgam

to

the

there

I think

manner.

more

was

of

the

cavity,I

tooth

use

the

were

failures,

pressed
could

not

it much
structure

"Acme

into
have

better
and

Amal-

Articles.

Original

It has

Carrier."

gam

in

but

spite of

termed

ridicule

the

and

useful

most

been

made

convenient

the

some

which

It

we

has

for

use

"squirt-gunfiller,"

found

it,I have

of

instruments.

of all the materials

that

by

541

in

item.

melt
the

It takes

into

I

by

about

me

while
filings,

it makes

of

some

is

you,

hour

an

it does

metal
better

a

there

alloysbesides, knowing
found
have
the saving in

own

experience
oxy-phos-

it under

use

the

make.

can

asked

making your
composed?

alloysare
an

plug

my

the
filling,

by the teeth; therefore I
cavity that I can, and I think

of

one

been

phate is best tolerated

fillingsin every
than an all metal
filling
The
question may be

it

work

to

take

not

a

up

of

what

your

quite

expense

five

six

or

minutes

ten

even

faction
satis-

any

ounce

make

to

melt.

The
and

last lot I made
half

one

the

ounces,

sixty-sevencents

per

From

formula

the

second

costing $4.06,
A

few

It is

has

been

question with

over

the

to

of

per

thought

quite
ounces,

ounce.

that

mercury

five

dollars.

ten

over

one-sixteenth

dollars

two

been

and

weighed

6-3.65,not

cost

saving

a

two

regard

It has

that

mercury

making

of

formula

for which

I made

in

more

amalgam.

an
use

words

first mentioned

materials

ounce,

saving

a

the

of

we

by

necessary

in making

use

of

many

us, to

redistilled.
whether

be

purifiedto any
Dr.
extent
Flagg says, "Mercury as sold in
by any such process.
the ten-pound stone
bottles,is perfectlyadapted for making dental
a
amalgam, and the necessityfor having it double-distilled
ty
qualiis merely
thought to be something finer than is usually sold
ideal.
I double-distill
by pouring from my
ten-pound bottle of
a

me

can

mercury

"

"

into

mercury
We

all know

rectifyit,and

Take
four

there

one

hours

is

be

plan
done

by

of

aitric acid

a

dilute
with

the

acid
the

the mercury,

bottle

has

as

little

or

to

simple

from

(say one
often
no

remove

as

by

and

and

mercury

adulterating
in order

endeavor

anyone

glass bottle and keep it at

shake

is often

commerce

is to

deter

to

pounds

in dilute

140", and

wash

can

of

mercury

nothing

two

or

a

combines

it

holder."

mercury

the better

as

water),use
This

the

that

I think

therefore

process,

box-wood

my

some

inexpensive

doing

it for

to

it for

eight

five

effect
metals.

on

or

six times

the mercury,
Afterwards

all traces

of

the

self.
him-

three
ounces

of from

temperature

a

to

means

almost

digest

ounce

adulterated,

an

1 30"

or

of
to

hour.
but

readily

thoroughly
acid.

642

The

Archives

PAPER

ON

HYDROGEN
BY

Read

before

PEROXIDE.

CHARLES

the

MAYRS.

Conn.

Dental

Valley

I

certainlyappreciatethe great
address
a societyas
prominent as
the once
a general lull in
appears

honor

Society.

of

again being

in the

ours

dental

allowed

work.

to

There

fierce

fightof bugs or no bugs.
defenders
of the idea that the process
of decay is a combination
and
of fermentative
putrefactive actions,the one destroying
the organic matter
lime
of the tooth;
structure, the second
cided
deof them
such
a
produced by micro-organisms have now
dentists, that a fighthas become
too
uneven
majority among

The

the
both

and

Dentistry.

of

if there

still any

are

who

believe

in other

than

processes

those

produced by micro-organisms as causing decay, they feel that the
evidences
are
against them.
discuss matters
of purely and
We
to
are, therefore, again free
has been
made
ply
importance. Some
by simsolelypractical
progress
of the now
well
established
reaping the logical consequences
discoveries
made
without
dation,
are
a clear fountheory, but a good many
the part of the inventor, on theories,or
at least,on
theses.
hypoOne
of

of

these

improvements
in

abscesses

alveolar

the

is the

use

cleansing of
I shall take

H2 O2 in the

of

canals

root

treatment

and

similar

libertyto give to you
to-nighta synopsis of what may be worth knowing about H2 O2, by
for each
O and H have as the books
say, an affinity
every dentist.
that
does that mean?
What
other.
an
affinity? It means
they
under
circumstances
will combine
easilyto be brought about by us;
small
but an infinitesimally
these circumstances
are
percentage of
the circumstances
imaginable, and if such a statement, that "H
should
be
taken
and O have
as
holding good in general,
affinity"
stances,
billions of possibilities
of circumbe illogical.There
it would
are
which
H and O might
of conditions, of experiments, under
but might prove vQry indifferent against
not only no
show
affinities,
local

pathological
jjrocesses.

each

other.
this limited

Within
oxygen

and

of them

one

The
very

hydrogen
water,

existence
much
but

in

of

little

new

other

several
the
since

be

limited

to

two

combinations,

H2 O2.

other
ozone

between
knowledge, the affinity

our

to

appears

the

doubt;

of

extent

the

compounds
and

Shoenbein.

antozone

like H3

O3, etc., is still

question having

ceived
re-

Original

The

H2 O

compound
but
of

it has

electrical
be

to

To

produce

process

which

Barium

contrivances, which

of

stances,
ordinarycircum-

our

Ho

O2 by

do

into consideration

much

of

an

O2 for practicalpurposes
be

within

of the
take

the reach

elements

of

which

allow

now

heated

employ

to

complicated

studied

alkalies
and

the

formation

anhydrous
at

The

substitution

which

at

the

the
and

contains

obtained
A

of

metal

removal

salt

a

the
the

the

free

barium

the

Now,

of oxygen,
substance

will
from

answer

baryta,
be

to

years

tinguishe
dis-

hydrates
of

of

view

ployed.
em-

ago

acid

water

the

we

this

combination

acid, the

tinued
con-

If

over

has

and

is

substitution

acid

twenty

them

time.

formation
of

hydrogen
hydrogen,

instead

of

of
the

acid

and

the

giving on the
hydrogen a metal, on
of

concentrated

solution

of

gravity of about 1.5 and
This
hydrogen peroxide

salt is described

a

thus

hydrogen
hydrogen

by a tedious process.
contained
470
peroxide which

is

by

hydrates

anhydrous
same

the

about

to

was

substitution

solution.

of

acids, alkali

the

by

oxide

china-

the

both

is

drates
hy-

different,

wording.
of

process

by

with

freed

least in its

per

chemistry

and
of

alkali

being

oxygen

for the

course

who

the

equivalentsof hydrogen. Any
to obtain
a
hydrogen peroxide

two

but

purpose,

This

derive

can

by

Those

oxide.

air

to
dry
pass
compound of barium
barium
peroxide is the

second

a

in colored

"

of

a

with

compounds

two

of

or

oxygen

obtain

per
we

barium

that
a

barium
which

from

of

current

a

baryta, we

called

of

we

certainty
un-

one.

every

forms

nitrate

ordinary

have

we

baryta a salt used
fires to which
it gives a greenish tinge,and heat it in a
retort, the nitric radical is decomposed, and, if the process
oxide remains.
sufficiently
long,nothing but barium
oxygen.

ture
mix-

proper

take

not

still too

are

a

practicalvalue.

Ho

one

If

under

possibleto form
hydrogen alone, if we

may

is

easily formed

been

not

and

oxygen

is

Articles.

on

is not

for

a

the

has

volumes

of

very

stable

an

in water
a

had

compound

water

alkali.
is obtained

hydrogen
a

with

kali,
al-

acid,

an

other,

obtained
oxygen,

in the

in

metal

mutual

a

hand

one

boiling decomposed
a

metal

peroxide

Thenard

as

specific

explosion.
even

in

lute
di-

It will

ually,
contindecompose slowly,giving off oxygen
until finallynothing but water
remains.
This
decomposition
when
the substance
is heated.
very rapid
If I

were

to

address

chemists

wliom

I would

suppose

not

to

544

The

know

details

some

and

about

this

the

hydrogen peroxide I might give
the
position of the extra oxygen

'practical
point,and

the
certain

is of

substances

In almost

all

is oxygen.

If

decomposed

with

it

or

manganic acids, strange

and

of

these

one

their

rection
diwith

contact

of

oxydizing acids,
the

say

This

eacapes.

hydrogen
decomposed and

to

together become
solution

gas

peroxide

potash

hydrogen peroxide immediately
takes place.
effervesence
of oxygen

loses

its color

a

the

If

we

add

chromic

If

we

add

oxide

acid

fluid becomes

the

silver,oxygen

of

and

green

when
and

capes.
es-

oxygen

metallic

and

escapes

like

lose both

of

into

brisk

count
ac-

this

per-manganate

oxygen.

poured
a

Thus

a

certain

chromic

acids

in

into

in

the

phenomena
hydrogen peroxide in

it is

treat

we

take

to

more

fine

interest.

where

cases

have

we

among

of the

decomposition

Dentistry.

of

interestingtheories about
hydrogen peroxide, but here

this

gas

Archives

silver

is

precipitated.
mix blood
with
we
or
place when
pus
hydrogen peroxide. The escaping gas is nothing but oxygen.
How
do you
recognize oxj^gen? By the bright burning of the
I have
here
tube
of hydrogen
a
glowing splinterof wood.
oxide;
perThe

I pour

pouring

on

red, but

at

blood

some

it into
the

the

as

into

The

blood

you

will

first had

the

color

a

dark

color,

becomes

bright

frothing takes place. This
by properly introducing a glowing

strong

a

it bursts

splinterof wood,

it.

hydrogen peroxide
time

same

is oxygen

froth

takes

process

same

see

into

a

flame.

The

is the

same

with

case

pus.

is that
the

hydrogen peroxide in pus cavities
in
removing, mechanically by the frothing,all the pus with-

the

Hence,
of

cavity.

The

with

surrounded

effect of the

whole

most

remote

the bubbles

corpuscles will

pus

of

and

oxygen

these

on

be

reached,

balloons

they

will float out.
It

might

suflicient

in the

useful

to

have

method

a

hydrogen peroxide
purity for practicalpurposes.

H2 0-2 or

the

Take

appear

silico-fluoric

for every

acid;

commercial

acid

take

barium

peroxide;

mix

and

one

in

a

within

per
one

mortar

which

by

short

cent,

of

one

can

in

silico-fluoric

acid

of

mercial
com-

half

per

and

work

cent,

gently

pestle. It will be preferableto add a small piece of ice
working. In this way a solution of hydrogen peroxide mixed
the

pare
preand

notice

with
while
with

silico-fluoride

barium

545

Articles.

Original

is obtained.

The

latter is allowed

settle,

to

liquid is poured off. Thus, a hydrogen peroxide
dental
and
all
for
be obtained, fullysatisfactory
surgical
may
article.
much
By
cheaper than the commercial
uses, and very
absolute
it may
of almost
be obtained
purity.
filtering
and

the

supernatant

PULLEYS

RUBBER

SOFT

BY

WILLIAM

FOR

DENTAL

THE

OF

ROLLINS,

HERBERT

ENGINE.

BOSTON.

is tiresome
unless
the
engine by foot power
of the Bonwill
dentist is strong.
This is particularlytrue
engine
and
the
fact
that
the
belt
of
the
number
of
account
on
pulleys
this account
I have
be quite tight to prevent slipping. On
must

Driving

times

three

metal

disks

did

not

Prof.

half,

one

I wrote

answer

engines, I

it worth

who

medicine
the

in

stomach

he administered

the

has

while

not

required a

twenty

minutes,

at

on

he

the

drams

all,two

a

of

it

retain
was

We

disease?

power
without

but

year ago,

as

improvement

the

to

the

and

mustard.

of chloroform

this

rejected."
think

we

the

his

fession
pro-

ally,
Externly,
Internal-

with

the

on

on

he

matter.

by a mixture
bicarb., 5j; water, q. s.

fightto

some

the

or

this

loose

run

this is followed

"terrible

remedy

put

be

can

appliescapsicum

first of

when

belt

of

amount

occupies a prominent position in
Europe, treats cholera as follows:

in fifteen minutes

that it

the

engine. I find,
the driving wheel
two
tight between

call attention

to

sulph.,5j; potass, chlo.,5ij; soda

worst,

Johnston

surface

Boijwill about
and

note

my

think

of

q. s., and

or
or

because

Dr.

to

Mezzeroff,

over

White
band

soft,rubber

a

required about
slipping.

the

to

grooved disk of soft rubber, screwed
the
the hand-piece will diminish
on

solid

a

back

gone

that

however,
and

dental

a

brandy,
of

mag.

He

adds

stomach
Which

would

for
is the

rather

have

cholera.

An

estimate

of the

the

meeting

of

The

number

the
was

number

of

physicians in

International

Medical

nearly 200^000.

the

world

was

made

Congress, in Copenhagen.

The

546

Akchives

SOCIETIES.

DENTAL

To

with

In accordance
for

Wanks

the

returned

at

I have

5, 1885.

last annual

the

artificial dentures"

of

tabulated, and

been

have

instructions

your

"record

a

Society, Nov.

Valley Dental

Connecticut

the

DENTURES.

ARTIFICIAL

OF

RECORD

Dentistry.

of

the honor

Those

out.

sent

were

meeting,

herewith

to

port
re-

thereon.

First,allow
let
a

remark,

me

seem

to

and
not

or

results

the

has

and

comments

been

of

the

give

extracts

some

tabulation, and

acquired,to

an

incredible

here

extent,

vague

others

make

of

teeth

it is evident

subject,so

most

are

that

durable,
did

many

aim.

our

that he

writes

or

the

foreignto

as

understand
One

rubber

what

asked,

been

has

that there

few

Some
apprehension of the scope of this research.
of practice,
it an
to think
inquiry into their private domain
The
method.
kind of material
or
question
antagonize some

false

or

a

giving

letters before

from

make

to

me

has

kept

"never

a

tabulated

report of

cases

work
that
little mechanical
does
so
dentistryand
A careful
be of scarcelyany value."
his report would
reading of
Another
would
such
answer
excuses.
the heading of the blank
I do not know, i. e. if the life
are
writes, "What
you aiming at?
of a set of teeth, the workmanship is a large factor; if the effect
of

mechanical

of

material, metal
Some

it

is the

written

have

but

favorably,

reply to

with

alas!

indorsement

on

this circular

better."

with
the

interest

much

emotions

what
face

I would

in the

of

say

a

I

do

object and
you

returned

blank

do

think

not

commend
the

suppose
was

read:

any

one

lowing
fol"In
who

making or insertingartificial teeth should be
of a respectaconsidered
a dentist,and
ought not to be a member
ble
further I do not believe in having a chair
dental society. And
of students
in Mechanical
for the education
Dentistry in any Dental
College. And I hope no law for the regulationof dental practice

spends their

time

will be enacted

in

in this state

until

dentists

take

Yours

this stand.

truly,
M.

D.,

D.

M.

D."

The

548

writes:

Another

he has

gold

chambers
in the

smells

and

then

as

I

band.

to

said

me,

things is

in little

a

Have

night.

at

wear

there

practicewhere

generally in

those

observation

my
caused

was

suction

by

few

very
inflamed

an

of

in

with

boxes,
is

and

cooking

over

sharp edges.
with

frequently met

materials

caused, 1 think, by excessive
work

of

any

material

"I think

mouth."
years,

of

accidents.
the

absorb

mouths

most

"For

durability,freedom

with

tine

and

gold

finished

solder

with

life

enough
from

stands

if
particularly

uncolored

and

is most

plates
disks."

to

(not black)

of all

pressure.

nights give

case

work

years

and

are

teuth

"I think

frequent

rubber

and

and

come

rubber

needed."

is

need

out

about
a

new

of the
ten

set."

cleanliness.Platinum
second.

Vulcanite

inside

have

unequal

the

wear

breakage

polished surface

never

years'

suction

use

seldom

in ten

first.

make;

can

breaking

that

gard
re-

plates,having large

friction

of

"I

badly fittingdentures

repairs are

average

ness
"Slack-

plates

from

never

in

Breakage

overs,
make-

mouth,

the

cases

finished

instructing the patient to be cleanly and
less likelihood

years

and

New

existed

I

two

twelve

my
of

The

has

gum

good

in

cleanliness.

badly

about

work."

splittingof plate or

trouble

where

for

put in water,

condition

"Spongy
In

cases

fasten

gum,

plate I

best

to

me."

bad

much
the

wearing plates nights.

"I recommend

with

was

nature

single

repairs

plate at night and

account
on
generally needed
and not absorption."

under

of

attachment,

deficient

cases

he

cause

seen

was

time

to

shrinks

employ

more

abetter

Rubber

offices for about

done

in all the

gold plate with rubber
instruct my
patients to clean
to

other

common

substance

with

tor
fac-

large

a

pend
deair-

Also

thing

in my

into
had

plates

silver)has

gold plate,
man

he

is

together.

young

went

time, than

in that

a

der
un-

plates

it.

heating

elastic

teeth

made

had

once

and

some

two

well

afterward

back

came

a

rubber

plates,metal (gold or
"Perhaps the nearest
than

rnbber

many

"Workmanship

plate with

more

much

yeai-s,who

ten

base

not

as

and

teeth

rubber

mouth."

metal

and

utilityof

working

of

teeth, and

the

of

value

a

dentistry

for base.

"The

"

unhealthy gums."

the

be

Plates.

manner

in mechanical

mouth

healthy

cause

effect upon

trouble

prefers rubber

Utility of

the

upon

of

partialplates preferable to gold, as

a

Another

the

About

seen

Dentistry.

of

most

rubber

not

same."

the

would

"The

work, thinks

is poor

do

Archives

out

give

rubber

Prepared
every

is used."

faction,
satis-

Dental

549

Societies.

Gums.
No.

"When

1.

the

is in

gum

every

the

way

as

same

he reports the
plate I call it healthy." And
majority unhealthy.
No. 2.
"A
case
worn
nights, healthy gum
greatly absorbed.
absorbed.
Three
and
cases
worn
nights,gum not red but spongy
that

A

under

not

case

tlie

absorbed

so

and

soft that

the

folded

gum

impression,but the patient wears
plate all night, says he
mouth.
of a peculiardark
observed
sore
Nearly all cases
the

patientssaid rarely or

seen

but

food

in

demand
No.
and

three

or

"In

of

I have

seen

metallic
answered

of

cases

never

reddish

a

this

plates.

rubber

the

except partialcase,

case

every

was

palate

No.

redness,

Have

trouble.

them

gave

has

never

that account.
on
plates abandoned
Think
shrinkage the chief objection to rubber, as it lets
between
teeth and plate. Think
rubber
will always be in
of cheapness."
account
on
two

3.

touch.

never

the

under

over

appearance

same

In

and

color

reply to question if

gum
to

the

ting
badly fitsore, patient

under
felt

gum

the

firm

not

was

however,

appearance,

of

wo."

in

region corresponding to the depression in
One
a
old, has worn
gold
plate for suction.
case, a lady 84 years
for
nice
and
not
as
plate
nights cleanly
thirtyyears
upper
gum
could be."
looking as it ever
No.
"A plate worn
The alveolar
i".
ridge
nights for ten years.
three
and
one-half
front
nearly disappeared a plate worn
years,

"Congested

4.

"

"

"

two

mouth

of

half

soft

tissue

years,

but

not

twenty-fiveyears front
edge of plate a plate worn

half

worn

"

one-fourth

over

of surface

cleanly,inflamed

not

twenty

absorbed

softened

some

all

and

nights,cleanly,redspots

worn

years,

plate worn

over

"

a

ten

nights,

worn

years,

rubber, gold-lined plate,worn
normal

ably
color,but consider-

in

front; he

"Plate

a

"

rare

was

a
case

five years,

worn

man

of
worn

about
health

60, bilious

under

such

ly,
clean-

back,

ment
tempera-

treatment."

nights,cleanly,but

inflamed

sore."

No.
not

7.

mouth

thirteen
plate worn
years, worn' nights,not
color, considerably absorbed, but quite hard

predominating
No.

of

a

"

normal

gum

a

"

and

nights,cleanly,gum

worn

years,

ten

nights for
inflamed^silver
plate
cut
soft, and
by
up

plates worn

two

"

softened

much

very

red

very

8.

"Patient

cleanly,gum

18

has

years

begun

old, had
to

grow

plate two
soft

and

years,
looks

worn

red."

nights,

650

The

No,

Archives

"Gentleman

Dentistry,

of

plates in eleven years,
rowed.
worn
nights,front half of gum and palatevery red, soft and furLady, age 27, wore
nights, not
plate three years, worn
in front.
cleanly,gum and palate soft, alveolus seems
nearly gone
Plate worn
nine years, wore
nights,washes it several times a day,
9,

besides

often

52

and

removing

had

years,

three

rinsingplate and

healthy and hard."
No.
10.
"Lady, worn
gold plate twenty-two
Her
cleanly,gum healthy,platefittingwell.
plate two years, wore
nights,not cleanly,gum

cold

in

mouth

ter,
wa-

gums

No.

plateworn

badly inflamed,

gum
No.
used
and

"Lower

11.

four

up
where

or

swollen

has

"Gent,

12.

and

very

rubber

worn

husband

in former

rubber

wore

soft and

some

nights,cleanly,

worn

twenty

No.

1.

"Yes,

if

No.

2.

"Yes,

but

that

persons

wear

possibleto
believe

around
cleanly, gum
plateshas red spots, rest of
Lady about 50 years, wore
platetwelve years; not worn
very

wash

No.

4.

"Yes,

if not

No.

5.

"Yes, I prefer to have

they

wish

them

"Yes,

unless

No.

1.

"Yes,

if metal

the

No.
the

best

of

by

night and

day."

them."

them

worn

nights,bnt

allow

them

an

of

1 find those

pleased with

by

both

wear

inflammatory diathesis."
them, if of rubber,
platesto wear

general state

"Yes,

8.

broken

are

comfort."

for their

6.

and

well

troubled

No.

on

teeth

platesnights."

"Yes,

as

platesand

more

3.

do

of

rest

them."

wear

No.

to

has

years,

soft.
good color but somewhat
silver plateeighteen years, and rubber
red spots under
and near
air chamber,
the
nights; some
mouth
quite hard."
Remarks
under
"Do
you advise wearing plates nights?"

gum

gested."
con-

sore."

platesover

nights,not

five,wears
air chambers

were

year, not

one

nights,

worn

years,

them,

health

and

wearing
so

advise

condition

their teeth
where

all is

of
all

it depends

mouth."
the

healthy

time
to

are
wear

them."
No.

9.

No.

10.

"Yes,
"No,

but

partialsets,

which

advice

is

no."

invariablyrejected."

I doubt
there
most
cases
being
"Optional.
serious harm
resultingfrom wearing nights."
number
of platesreported,537.
Whole
made, 36 years.
Average age when
plate was
Sex reported,one-third,gentlemen; two
thirds, ladies.
No,

11.

In

any

Dental

Aside

from

the above

Societies.

another

average,

551

"Of

report says:

1 18

plates

noted
within
ten
brought in for repairsand refitting,
months,
the patientswith ten exceptions were
under
twenty-five years
while

age,
The

How

majority of
following averages
many

.

Celluloid,
Gold,

-

years

-

-

the

cases

ported:
re-

injured?

months.
"

9

"

teeth

53*7

was

8

"

12

some

or

years,

4

-

before

worn

5
-

-

from

plate broke

.

.

-

-

many

the

of

years."

twenty

made

been

before

.

under

were

have

worn

years

Rubber,

How

them

a

all

10

broke

tooth

or

or

came

off?

Rubber,

....

Celluloid,

-

Gold,
How

-

Rubber,
Gold,
often

many

How

many

Does

the

and

Does

the

"

1

to

-

-

"

been

"

unsatisfactory?
-

plate nights?
27

the

66

under

per

the

per

cent.. No.

plate cleanly?

75 per cent., Yes.
Is the gum

5

*'

cent.. Yes.

patientkeep

months.

"

5

-

7

years,

3

...

the

patientwear

4

"

5
-

-

7 months.

years,

10

celluloid,

"

repaired?

-

-

-

be

months.

made?

16

plates had

plateshave
rejected?

73 per

4

4

....

Rubber

"

6

.

-

-

Celluloid,
Gold,

.

...

-

4
12

"

the

years,

plate was

-

-

have

.

.

new

.

-

Rubber,

How

a

.

Celluloid,

How

-

-

before

years

many

-

-

9

5

25

platehealthy; of

per

normal

cent., Yes.

34

cent.. No.

color and
per

firmness?

cent.. No.

Respectfully submitted,
E.

Dr.

B. W.

Richardson, of Great
that

not

methylic

excepting nitrous

ether

oxide.

Britain, decides

is the

safest

A.

Stebbins.

after

of all the

many

periments,
ex-

anesthetics,

652

The

Archives

CONFERENCE

A

DENTISTS

OF

QUESTION

OF

THE

SECTION

IN

THE

to

answer

Dr.

W.

NINTH

dentists
members

Dental

Genessee

of

the

Medical

Congress

Buffalo, N. Y.,

in

New

City; Atkinson,

Salem, Mass.;

Butler

idge, Boston;

Barrett

Harlan

Koch;

and

Oral

There

the

on

16th

St.

Dr.

to

the

regard

would

be

be

abolished

and

Allport gave
thought everything
dental

section

Dr.

Atkinson
the

Dr.

matter

Barrett

was

in

if Dr.

asked

Dr.

over

the

Hunt,

to

feeling of
the proposed

Ninth

International

interests

of

the

the

the
tion
sec-

cal
Medi-

C, in 1887, and

organization of

the

for the

best

the

to

gest
sug-

section,

profession

matter.

section

dental

Dudley
to

came

the

Allport, Crouse,

to

D.

Washington,

at

with
as

in the

Surgery

Dudley, secretary of the
In opening the discussion
thought the first question to
a

at

November,

regard

called to order
by Dr.
meeting was
object of the mt-eting. Dr. Taft was

have

of

the

Field, Detroit;

Louis;

with

country

Taft

of the

to

said

that

and

it

spoke

at

was

was

Dr.

them.
it

whether

Congress,
Allport could explain

and

Crouse

advisable

was

all

be
the

how

section

the

reestablished.

been

sure

Chairman,

the

concise

had

elected

subject before

consider

then

a

brieflystated

who

Conference.

Dr.

to

gathered

of

profession: Drs. Taft, Cincinnati;

The
the

were

members

London,

Daball, Buffalo; and

the

held

be

to

plans

in relation

at

who

those

Pittsburg; Dudley,
CoolHorton, Cleveland; Shepherd and

and

Dental

measures

such

and

Brophy, of Chicago.
ascertain
the gathering was
to

Congress
and

cago,
Allport,of Chisent
to
nent
promi-

York; Fundenberg,

and

object of
profession throughout

such

W.

cinnati,
Cin-

of

and

The

on

J. Taft,

including

country,

of the dental
following members
Peirce, Philadelphia; Morrison,
Iowa

Prof.

Salem, Mass.,

Association, ^nd others.

House

DENTAL

A

CONGRESS.

Dudley,

throughout
the

of

American

M.

A.

THE

INTERNATIONAL

Barrett, of Buffalo, Dr. W.

C.

Dr.

and

OF

"Special Call," signed by

a

CONSIDER

TO

FORMATION

MEDICAL

In

Dentistry.

of

a

history of
right and

great

medical

best

length

to

and

let

the
that

whole
the

matter,
congress

and
and

succes.

profession were
them
fight it out

thought

the

in

a

"muss"

themselves.

conditions

for

sue-

under

cess

the

present regime very

following resolution
Hesolmd,

That

inexpedient to
Oral

and
under

view

of the

Dr.

troubles

Koch

kite but
Dr.

the

not

Daholl

in the

of

Congress

1887,

have

to

ranks

opposed

be

the

and

the

in

section

dental

a

the

being

to

abnoxious

an

way

be

better

tail

a

the

dentists

to

the

medical

tail.

against the

probabilitieswere

it would

and

medical

was

to

care

advisable

cess
suc-

matter.

he

thought

congress

Medical

of Dental

Section

a

probabilityof the congress being a
as
point of view extremely doubtful
the medical
so
profession was
great.

it not

in the

said

did

of

thought

treated

been

organization of

circumstances.

in the ranks

JButler

Dr.

it

profession, deem

dental

International

international

an

the

for discussion.

of the

the

Sheparcl thought

dissension

the

members

in the

present

from

had

as

recommend

Surgery

the

JDr

we

a

introduced

He

doubtful.

subject matter

as

553

Societies.

Dental,

have

to

of

success

International

an

tal
Den-

Congress.
Dr.

Hunt
a

unite
he

with

had

Dr.

the

read

probably

be

Dr.

he

had
and

matter

dental

quarrels

the

abroad

from
not

was

could

with

dentists

professionto
it and

said

should

not

enter

the

gress
con-

medical

men

about

to

would

he

a

of

return

the
the

in

that

assurances

no

for

other

profession to
originalarrangements

unite

present and

be

good policy for
be

eminent

received

had

they

that

dental

in

gard
re-

Congress.
Grouse
spoke decidedly in opposition to ^our doing anything
a

union

at

present.

Horton

Dr.

Fundenhefrg thought

unite

for

conferred

Dr.

Dr.

the

the

towards

do

said

men

there
to

pressing
ex-

congress.

Magitot statingthat

Dr.

it unwise

thought

the

regard to
prominent
unless

the

in

enough

present.

Pierce

it

for

far

go

the circumstances.

under

reasons

from

letter

a

of

not

the

advisable

because

congress

Mrophy

Dr.

it not

thought

did

uniting with

for not

reason

Harlan

Dr.

resolution

the

thought

was

opposed

the

to
a

union.

union

wise

under

thought that though it might not
matters
might be such later that we

Morrison
now,

not

be
could

the

best

stances.
circum-

for

us

to

consistently

so.

Dr.

Dudley

read

letters

from

Drs.

Darley, Abbott, Cushing,

and

564

The

others, nearly all
done

be

Dr.

Archives

of

expressed the desire
dignity of the dental

which

compromise the
Dudley agreed with Dr.
to

medical

profession

the dental

from

across

then

unanimously passed

the

Atlantic

and

ety held

of

Meeting

First

E. A.

Stebbins,

Vice-President,Dr.

Dr.
Secretary,

Geo.

A.

Treasurer.

Dr.

"

W.

H.

J.

6, 1885, the

die.

sine

Soei-

following

cers
offi-

Mass.

Davenport, Northampton,

Williams, Greenfield, Mass.
Mass.

Falls, Mass.

Turners

Nims,

Mass.

committee:

jTaylor, Hartford, Conn.; Dr. J. P. Parker,
Mass.
Dr. W.
F. Andrews,
Sprinfield,

C.

Falls, Vt;

was

Falls, Mass.

Jones, Northampton,

EXECUTIVE

;L.

men

year:

F. W.

A.

ing
lead-

resolution

Valley Dental

Maxfield, Holyoke,

Secretary,Dr.

Assistant

and

Shelburne

J. N.

Vice-President,Dr.

Second

5

for

SOCIETY.

Connecticut

SpringfieldNovember
elected
for the ensuing

President, Dr.

Dr.

DENTAL

the

said the

adjourned

the

wise

prominent

The

conference

at

were

if any

for

not

He

them.

present.

VALLEY

Annual

to

doubted

the

best

was

quarrels,and

own

be

nothing would
profession.

that

it

that

party

a

would

CONNECTICUT
the

its

professionto become
journalsfrom abroad

medical

At

Atkinson

fightout

to

Dentistry

0"

Geo.

a.

D.

Maxfield,

D.

Bellows

S
,

Secretary.
To

Sweeten

a

pleasant aromatic

a

room

and

sweet

material, and
The
than
refrain

we

A
who

Limit

odor
of

if the

likelyto

seem

Atmosphere.

the

to

a

carbolic

of

acid, iodoform,

Patience.

"Waitress

"

her

Pullem:

Doctor:

or

odors

more

which

naming.

is

Waitress:

possessing
reputed capable of keeping

adjunct to the dental pharmacopoeia.
pane,
Elecamsmell
of
might by preference

greatlyannoyed by
him): "Tomatoes, Doctor."

Dr.

is

besides

useful

very
atelier

dental

from

its own,

Helenina,

driving away insects. It is a cheap
effectually
have
accounts
we
reliable,would
quoted are

prove

reek

of

"

"Thanks,
"Corn,
"No!

no."

Doctor?"

Dentist!"

constant

(to
use

Dr.

of

Pullem,
his

the

dentist,

title in addressing

556

The

Archives

Dentistry.

or

diseases

velopment and reproduction of infectious
unqualifiedlyadopted by a large number
proofs

of

this

theory

of

the

had

not, however,

advanced

investigators. The
onstration
beyond the dem-

forms

of

certain

of

presence

pathologicalchanges of a very limited
until February, 1882, when
Koch
of

the

its

supposed microbe,

tubercle

would-be

Kochs

It is my
of

bacillus,since
and

the

bacteriology,noting

etc., and

the

with

this afternoon

purpose

modern

to

the

practicalstudy of our subject, I shall
as
employed
very brieflythe processes
biology. Here you will find every means

to

of

subject,and
for
The

I

hope

will

you

avail

little
our

bacteria

diameters,

microbe,

or

the

field

points,others

refers

is

to

scribe
de-

laboratory

own

fered
facilities of-

the

of

minute

slightlyelongated
"

allowed

with

swarming

seen

rising, falling,oscillating
be

than

more

practicalwork.

term

water

biology?
referring

investigatingthis

for

microscopic in size,which
belong to the
where
as
they are known
fungi. If we examine
urine
the microscope, amplifying
under
mere

ject
sub-

the

In

study.

yourselves

the

their

genera,

in

which

review

rapid

do

has

public favor.

for

in their

discovery

disease

in

swift

different

employed

his

nearly every

in

pass

eases,
dis-

infectious

of

germs

the

in

bacteria

announced

new

first the

means

number

indeed

is

race

forward

press

of

time

which

been

it has

that

a

into

four

say

rods,

posing
decom-

of

drop

a

hundred

bodies,

minute

in

all

active

and
still,

slide

the

some
tion,
mo-

If the

confusion.

ceaseless

evaporate, all becomes

to

ter,
particlesof matvegetablekingdom,

seems

drop of water, and after a short
their activity,
time
the
as
little,dried-up granules again show
Similar
their vocation.
to disturb
though nothing had intervened
minute
in every
forms
are
seen
decomposing fluid,often in the
covered

blood

with

and

mere

sputum

dust.

of

Apply

healthy

a

persons.

The

air

is

full

of

them;

in countless
their spores
with
dwellings abounds
and
into active
to start
numbers, only awaiting suitable conditions
rapid reproduction. As I have said, certain forms are found in the
dust

the

blood

of

of

our

healthy

persons,

while

other

forms

ar*

found

in the blood

disease.

of

All

these

different

organisms

have

become

familiar

to

us

under

of the
is a very
unfortunate
use
bacteria, which
generic term
it reallyapplies to only a single class of fungi.
Cohn,
term, as
classification
I think
is the simplest and the best, calls them
whose
the

schizomycetes,and

makes

the

following classification:

557

Selection.

Classification

teria^ or

micrococci.

teria, or

bacilli.

I will
of

or

to

the

bacteria.

3.

Desmo-bac-

spirillae,
spirochetse.

or
Spiro-bacteria,

4.

Sphero-bac-

1.

"

Micro-bacteria

2.

brieflyrefer

now

(Bacteeia).

Schizomycetbs

of

important

more

of

features

each

classes.

these

or
First, of sphero-bacteria,

micrococci.

This

is the

simplest
spherical form.

of

It
organism of
these two
fission
forming two
a single coccus
ducing
proof
and
a
variety
so
on.
They present
appearances
four,
in
From
observe
will
1.
single
the microscope, as you
Fig.

fungi,and
multipliesby

the

under

appears

as

a

minute

"

"

"."~"v

;*fc

J/

Fig.

1

000; B,

Sphero-bacteria

."

in

same

chains

A, Micrococcus

(Micrococci).

(X 650); O,

a

zooglcea

vaccinae

D, M.

mass;

(X 1"-

gonorrhoea

(X 600).
the
specimens (which under
highest magnifying powers
in
points),you will observe them
present nothing beyond minute
pairs,again in fours, or in clusters of hundreds
yes, thousands
(forming zoogloea),and still adhering together,forming chains.
When
to elongate
a given specimen^is about
to divide, it is seen
is formed, which
plete
slightly,then a constriction
deepens until comisolated

"

fission
consist

of

Micrococci

ensues.
a

minute

droplet

possess

of

no

visible structure.

protoplasm

They
rounded
(myco-protein), sur-

delicate

in

embedded
are
cell-membrane; certain forms
by a
to .001
a capsule.
millimetre.)
(Diameter,.0008
These
little organisms, when
observed
in a fluid like blood, sputum,
found
to
movements,
although
etc., are
present very active

provided

with

possessed by

no

organs

almost

every

of

locomotion.
minute

This

Brownian

motion

particleof matter, organic

is
and

The

558

inorganic,and

is not

Micrococci
millions

They
they

Archives

any

inherent

of

power

individual.

the

in
omnipresent. They are
always found
is undergoing decomposition.
organic matter

moist

associated

are

to

almost

are

where

due

Dentistry.

of

essential

with
it.

the

of

processes

in

fermentation,

The

fact,

plication
multi-

the
souring of milk succeeds
of these germs.
in the air,the earth, the
They abound
Certain
varieties are
onies
colwater.
pigmented, and you will observe
of these chromogenic cocci multiplying in our
laboratoryupon
slices of boiled potato, egg, etc., presenting all the colors
of the
rainbow.
associated
with
not
are
Fortunately,all of these germs
the cause
rather are
of disease.
Certain
not
or
species,however
diseased
with certain
(termed pathogenic), are
always associated
are

to

conditions.

I

Fig.

(Bacteria). A, Bacterium

2." Micro-bacteria

zoogloea

(X

mass

of

scropical
appearance

(X 2,100) showing

same

I present

plate which

second

The

600); C,

the

B,

termo;
flagella.

(Fig. 2),illustrates

bacterium

same

in

micro-

the

You

termo, micro-bacteria.

tiply
as
they mulslightlyelongated,and inasmuch
coupled together,linked
by division
they frequently appear
in putrefying
in pairs,and in chains.
They are generally found
of vegetable matter.
They possess
liquids,especiallyinfusions
degree. Observing a field of the bacte
mobility to a remarkable
that

observe

rium

termo

in
or

they

are

under

the

microscope they may
turning,twisting,or oscillating a
"

flagellum,has

both

extremities.

even

if it is

a

This

are

bacterium

demonstrated

is too

minute

to

gaged
activelyen-

seen

delicate

tail-like filament,

as

attached

be

generally resolved,

to

one

or

appendage.

common

Micro-bacteria
the

been

be

of

various

kinds, and

septiccemioe of

Koch

although

many

produces

the

are

most

ogenic,
pathrap-

Selection.

idly fatal

Other

being.
far

as

results

bacterium,

into

circulation

the

this

of

of

living

a

in

class,resembling
examples
every respect,
features
the
are
concerned,
microscopic
septicaemic
in
blood
found
the
of
frequently
perfectlyhealthy

their

as

introduced

when

559

are

persons.
Desmo-bacteria

lengths and
curved,

and

species of

Fig.

3."

B, the
fever

a

nodules

3

the

the

of

bacillus

future

The
wound

former

infrequentlyprovided

not

are

long, slender,

their

The

microscopic

of

of
have

spirals.
and, in

may
is

by

tuberculosis

develop by

appearance;

(X 2,000);

are

in

splenic

cells isolated

from

and

cut,

square

will
Notice

anthrax.
from

are

division, but

You

spores.

represent the spores

bacilli

in

extremities, others

their

at

bacilli

different

(X 1,000).

Bacilli

Spiro-bacteria. In
forms

in

leprae, showing

development

dots, which

up,

the

to

assists in locomotion.

greatly

byteasing

pointed.

mode

applied

rious
va-

authors

account

tuberculosis
(Bacilli). A, Bacillus
from
the blood
antbracis,

rounded

are

others

this

350); C, bacillus

(X

some

usual

break

differ

(X 750); D, Bacillus

while

On

bacillus; bacilli

Desmo-bacteria

same

vibrio, as

term

bacteria, occurringof

thickness.

flagellum,which

bacilli

tuberculous

Fig.

the

thread-like

with

and

of different

introduced

have

rod-like

(orbacilli)are

which,

as

their

observe

in

at

vals
inter-

the

rods

developed.
I present to

ferent
drawings of two difspiro-bacteriathe spirillaand the spirochetae.
short, open
spirals;the latter long and closely

Fig. 4,

you

"

The
common

spirillum volutans
with

some

other

is often

found

specimens

of

in
this

ing-water
drink-

class.

660

The

provided with

is

the

Dentistry,

of

sometimes
flagella,
of

means

Archivtes

their

rapid

both

at

locomotion.

extremities, which
The

by spores, although little is at present
history. They not
infrequentlyare attached
forming zigzag chains.

Fig.

Spiro-bacteria.

4."

^,Spirochseta

fever

(X 1,000); J3, Spirillum
flagella (X 3,000). After
Dallinger.

tiply
spiro-bacteriamul-

known

of

from

from

life-

their

together at

Obermeien,

undula,

nish
fur-

their

blood

tremities,
ex-

in

current
re-

showing

bog-water,

brief

this

description of the principal varieties of bacteria
have
that they differ
according to their form), we
seen
(classified
from
minute
the
dot of the micrococcus
greatly in appearance,
and
the elongated dot of the bacterium
the elongated
to
proper,
In

rod

or

cylinder

of

the

bacillus

It is unfortunate
in

constant
sufficiently

the

or

other

these

of

elongating until

it is

classified with
with

the

minute

The

genera.

impossible

of

forms

moulds, yeast-plants,
etc., but

long spiralsof spiro-bacteria.
forms

attach

always

to

of

has

recognize him

to

I

will

fungi

to

one

habit

a

except
which

forms

not

at

which

will pass

not

are

as

a

of
terium;
bac-

particlesexactly resemble

other

are

life

themselves

micrococcus

until their

above; but

complicated

the

habit

breakup
Again, there

micrococci.

the

these

bacilli

while
the

that

and

to

present
found

are

cannot

burden

you

existing as

consideration

the

be

of

the

biology of bacteria.
Bacteria

in

while

others

solutions

of

The

most

growth

Certain

water.

thrive

again
equally
while
others
simple salts,

less than

and

exist without

cannot

broths

of

important
of
The

fungi seems

albuminoid

element
to

temperature

in

be
of

the
the

well

forms

without

require oxygen,

it,some

thrive

fastidiouslyobject to

thing
any-

material.
the

successful

maintenance
human

body

multiplication
of

certain

is necessary

peratures.
tem-

for

Selection.

varieties.
live.

to

cease

while

many

less than

much

temperature

a

212"

with

withstandinghigh temperature
effect

favorable
heat

becomes

conditions
will

carefullythey

observed

rapidity.
study of the

disease, it

If the

their destruction.

for

media, etc., are
In the

easilydestroyed
F., their spores are capableof
less risk of injury. The peculiar
are

each

of

necessary

extreme

that

appears

speciesunder observation, must, as regards
of heat, be carefullydetermined, ascertainingthe most
temperature for their development, and the degree of

behavior
the

It

all.

prolonged boiling is fatal to
forms
of fullydeveloped germs

while

forms,

by

for
ordinary temperatures serve
all
Still there
are
points above or below which
in boilingwater
Immersion
rapidlydestroys most

pathogenic bacteria, while

certain
many

661

a

necessary

to

attend

ature,
temper-

develop

bacterium

given

of

relation

of

to

certain

a

three

to
carefully

with

ent
differ-

operations.
First, the organism supposed

to

disease

the

cause

be

must

found

isolated.

and

Lastly,the

through

several

purity may be secured.
be again introduced
must

that absolute

order

cultivated

be

it must

Second,

germ

generations

into

in

healthyliving

a

being.
If the

disease

be

communicated

found

in

the

again

that

conclude

must

importance

The

The

Let

us

associated
be submitted
the

demonstrate
found

in

familiar

the

with

it with

cheese.

alluded

of

cause

the

disease.

the

etiologyof

any

well-grounded hope

But

for

example,

disease

to

certain

the

If

is

is it certain
these

we
produce tuberculosis,

goes
more

no

wish

we

Let

to

fore
beof

forms

the sputum

certain

bacilli
have

we

the

can

a

is

little.
that

work

of

invariably

are

phthisicalpatient

always
Because

they

inoculate

chain

the

are

of

cheese-mites

that

of them.

premise by saying

me

for very

difficulties,

some

repeat

microscopisthe

skilled
This

indicate

to

little rod-like

tubercle.

bacilli.

if with

that

with

surrounded

are

tubercle.

of

that
with

to

I will endeavor

me

phthisisit

phthisisthan

thus

"

ascertained

combat

to

bacillus

the

it is believed

found

of

being

will follow

suppose,

with

are

"

have

we

steps I have

three

if you

that

diseased

successfullycarried out, and the original
and
the
be
by inoculation,
germs
have
alternative
we
no
we
body

is evident.

success

Koch

of

expect

can

we

and

be

preceding steps

the

cause

person,

complete.

to

bacilli

the

are

a

able

cause

of
and

The

562

Well, supposing
into

person

and

we

world

of

that

effect between

from

injectsome
sputum
healthy person, and

a

have

you

the

Dentistry.

of

to

were

blood

the

the

to

Archives

then

demonstrated

cal
phthisi-

a

boldly

the

nounce
an-

relation

of

bacilli and

phthisis. You would start
of objection as would
that
such an uproar
speedily convince
you
work
much
of bacteriology.
there
was
yet for you in the domain
these
this,and very properly
objections would
Among
appear
have
"You
too:
injected into the blood of your unfortunate
tient
padozen
half
other
a
and,
elements,
perhaps,
pus, morphological
with sputum, any one
of bacteria
of which
forms
are
just as likely
cause

to

the lesion

produce
So

selected."

have

you

You

begin again.

must

you

bacillus

the

as

isolate

first

must

your

bacillus.
It is

has

specimen

which

of

gelatine,and
will

of

If,

with

with

that

nearly every
to take a glass

were

solution

thick

cool, the

wire

a

I

If

a

the latter to

now,

bacteria

growth.

is coated

allow

solid.

become

biology of

peculiarmode

a

side

plate,one

in the

fact

fortunate

a

of

hot, peptonized

gelatinous matter
in

dipped

lous
tubercu-

some

along the gelatine,I have deposited at
If this plate be
intervals
along this line specimens of T. bacilli.
the
now
kept at a proper temperature, after a few days, wherever
been
bacilli have
caught, a greyish spot will appear, which, easily
naked
becomes
with
the
seen
larger.
eye, gradually spreads and
It is
colonies
thousands
bacilli.
of
T.
These
containing
spots are
I draw

matter,

not

that

probable,however,

bacteria

thus

are

particularbacterium

the

characteristics

usuallymade

in

blood-serum,

etc.

spot which

tube.

it to

a

the

We

plug

the
minute

the

of

tube

incubator

days, if

no

contamination

spot where
a

descriptionof
particle from

surface

an

take

line.

gelatine.
naked

eye,

pearances
ap-

according
familiar

become

soon

Various

to

with

of bacteria
Cultures
are
particulargerms.
test-tubes
containg peptonized gelatine,coagulated
find a
Let us return
to our
gelatine-plate. We

in

the

the

of

answers

take

we

enough to have
If putrefactive

fortunate

the

to

even

present, and

place it
around

along

germs

afforded,

the

convey

been

present, they will liquefy the

are

now

have

we

other

depositing

avoided

We

line

a

at

be
we

particlefrom

that

the

this

the

may

a

colony

spores.

colony and

of bacilli will
Let

transfer

us

test,

a

drop in,
After

temperature.

proper

in

blood-serum

air-germs

no

present,

sowed

colony of tubercle bacilli.
this colony on
and
a wire

hardened

some
so

a

and

several
appear

repeat the process:

to another

tube;

564:

The
forced

are

to resort

of

the lower

animals

sufficient admiration

yet, has
Hence

to

Dentistry.

Archives

for

experiment.No

for

science

to

inoculate

as

one,

himself.

impossibleto complete a perfect chain of evidence.
Objectioncan be reasonablymade to the employment of mice and
ments
guinea-pigs.It is justpossiblethat deductions from such experiwould
to be
not hold with human
beings. But there seems
with
alternative.
We
no
proceed to inoculate several guinea-pigs
bacilli.
the
The followingare
results
our
pure culture of tubercle
and
which
almost
identical
with
obtained
first
are
as
by Koch,
work.
The
ing
havthe phenomena obtained in our
utmost
care
own
avoid contamination
of our virus (by heating
been taken
to
the inoculatingneedle red-hot just before
using),a puncture is
made
through the skin and a few drops of pure culture injected
it is

into the

areolar tissue of the

loose

neck.

generallycloses on the second day. The inguinal
swollen on
the eighthday. From
and axillarylymphaticsbecome
and
die in four or five
lose weight rapidly,
this time the animals
In the spleenand liver the
weeks
from
the time of inoculation.
Koch's
found."
results led
characteristic tubercular changes are
wound

"The

him

to believe

were

not

cause

of

I have

that "the

merely
them,

the

and

in tuberculous
bacilli^occurring

attendants

processes but the
the bacilli actuallyrepresented
the true tubercle-virus

that

spokenthus

of tuberculous

of the tubercle-bacilli in order

of the processes employed, and the
The steps are nearlythe same
in this work.

generalnotion

in other diseases.

found
are

always necessary

to

The

avoid

in another, some

fluid,some

substances

with

the bacteria

extraordinaryprecautions

same

contamination.
at

give you a
necessary
precautions
to

Some

thrive in

ordinarytemperatures, some

at

one

the

body-heat.
thus far you may have
of any
to find the bacterium
easy mattar
Let
must
us
correct this error.
place a
From

remarks

my

of

a

cholera

the
objectsfilling

patientunder

field

are

the

inferred

that it is a very
disease,but I
particular

particlefrom the
microscope. Among

little curved

numerous

rods

"

the

charges
disthe
ma
com-

substitute a drop of fresh normal
if you now
rods
saliva for the choleraic discharge,
you will find little curved
bacilli.

But

in every respect like the commas
that the microscope alone
once
whether

a

givenbacterium

is

I may
enable us

of cholera.

will

not

or
pathogenic

not.

You

as

well say at

to determine

have

already

Selection.
that

seen

each

species

Bacteria

also

example,

nitric

peculiaritiesof growth

possess

frequently afford peculiarchemical
acid will discharge the color
from

dyed with anilin,except
species is stained readily with
Thus
whether
or

the

are

From

bacteria

what

of

I have

But

said

who

beings;
The

the

in sputum,

for

of

all

ficially
bacilli,artiOne

another

leaves

example,

For

anthrax.

laboratory

walk

knows

it

tered.
unal-

determine

to

from

are

tubei'cle

the

was

used

Koch

These

would

as

in these
man
hu-

not

are

follow

animals

are

seem

tubercle

of

cause

like results

by

it would

bacillus

cautiouslyhere.

that

animals

tubercle

the

that

must

we

in

that

ture-tube
cul-

our

reactions.

of tubercle and

dye,

one

in

decomposition.

thoroughly demonstrated
animals.

those

enabled

are

we

bacilli found

the

565

their

lation?
inocu-

subject to

very

tubercle.
We

from

must,

inhalingthese
yes,
It becomes
"

in tchat

whether

they

are

do

is

always

through

pass

for

air of

it?

theyproduce
with

beset

out

set
are

organs

ened

disease,

cause

"The

healthy
teria.
non-pathogenous bacsays:

changes in these
acting normally these fungi work

decomposition thus set up are
of the body before
they begin to

result

the

of

hospitals
dwellings.
our

and

bacteria

chemical

up

to

inordinate

an

extent, if the

frequently discharged, fermentation

which

of

streets

our

Ziegler

multitude

a

wards

of

develop
not

the

inquire,if

to

us

environment, be constantly

our

They occupy the natural cavities,especiallythe alimentary
They feed on the substances
lying in their neighborhood,
In so
brought into the body, or secreted
by the tissues.

products

at

we

floatingin the

necessary

doing they
the

of

nature

very
as

germs

manner

organism
canal.

the

in disease.

expense

of

the

vital forces

the

Bacteria

body
become

harmless,
be

or

veyed
con-

If

teria
bac-

of organs

contents

be

may

always multiply
the

favorable

more

The

are

active."

they infest,and

the

While

mischief.

no

processes

must

which

substances.

set

and

up,
exist

weak

more

is the

are

soil

for

their

development.
Septicaemia is caused
induced

or

outside

cholera
finds

by

the

by

bacteria.

Before

the

body they must
bacillus must
gain access

conditions

multiply

in the

suitable
stomach

to
or

absorption of
find
to

a

bacteria

products

the

intestinal

blood, but

They
once

of putrefaction

multiply inside

can

congenial soil.

colonization.

in the

the

do

The
tract
not

so-called
before
seem

injected into

it
to

the

The

Archines

duodenum

they develop

epithelial

cells

down,

We

it

endeavor

in

questions
such
Another
of

the

modified

extent

their

that

he

these

the

newspaper

the

cholera

could

and

patiently

this

field

new

settle,

to

seems

hitherto

difficult

by

without

many

demand.

field

by bacteriology

opened

inoculation

of

attenuated

inoculation.
of

degree

are

held

are

at

such

and

that

incapable
regarding

all

are

familiar

present

time

the

value

positiveness regarding

the
with
with

experiments

the

posing
ex-

most

to

danger;

Ferran's

not

that

time, rendered

You

Dr.

of

than

by

virulence

without

present.

We

their

opinions

least,

at

found

anthrax,

higher

lost

given

a

Various
at

of

sheep

for

were,

bacilli

they

vaccinate

experiments

any

caution.

should

temperature

development,

accounts,

with

speak

many

break

investigator

by

the

certain

anthrax.

contracting
of

with

a

vaccinated

so

value

to

for

disease

and

matter.

microbes

favorable

of

of

it

accepted

careful

delicate

great

is in

and

one,

been

important

experimenting

the

animals

and

there

gold

it has

with

research,

settling, so

every

prevention

of

The

soften,

matter

means

pure

of

that

as

bacterial

Pasteur,

an

facts

this

fascinating

a

way

extensive

very

is that

is

the

of

of

swollen,

in

every

what

pathology,

basis

a

of

subject

least, open

at

or

ourselves

The

become

proceed

to

ascertain

to

study.

or

mucosa.

us

avail

must

of

the

becomes

astonishing rapidity.

villi

the

exposing

But

with

of

Dentistry.

of

able
of

to

this

work.
is

What
studies

one

I

shall

yet

as

who

students,

the

states,

or

rapidity

whether

The

"

Medical

to

cause

these
of

whether

with

present

ultimate

they

It

is

be

settled

of

many

out

only

are

cause

the

hands

or

to

the

your

tion,
atten-

of

ardent

investigations,

new

hitherto

fascinating

directed

in

regard

is, whether

vitality
the

in

opinions

own

microbes

are

briefly

carrying
ray

and

interesting

very

afternoon

diminished

Re"-ord.

the

determine.

you

at

advantage

this

can

burden

not

of

future

everywhere

are

question

great

the

I have

which

to
no

be

to

we

to

are

about

The
covering
dis-

pathological

obscure
bacteria

of

develop

with

scavengers

it.

and

health

ing
tak-

increased

of

disease

Journalistic.

567

JOURNALISTIC.
"Seading

maketh

a

f\illman;

and writing,

SPORT
"The

during

with

stags had
nets

season

driven

several

meshes

and

toils.

They

times

rolled

until
and

over

captured yesterday in
of splendidly antlered
gates

efforts

closed

were

which

the

to

and

deer

were

themselves

entangled

in their

over

secured

were

had

they

Majesty'sstaghounds

her

ensuing hunting
Great
Park.
a
score
By noon
into the paddock.
The
been
run
round
the meadow,
placed across

Windsor

stout

SCIENCE.

for sport

the

man;

man."

VERSUS

deer intended

red

conference, a ready
exact

an

in the
from

escape

the

the

park laborers, and, having been
denuded
of their horns, were
boxes
and conveyed
pushed into wooden
Forest
in farm-carts
to Swinley Paddock.
hunting will now
be commenced
by the Queen's buck-hounds, which, during this
month
are
expected to meet
Tuesdays and Fridays at the Royal
The
the control
of the Marquis of
Hotel, Ascot.
pack is under
Waterford."
Sir

"

London

from

poison

has

been

snake-bite; but
discovered.

experiments
for
intelligently

antivivi

section

has
chert

of
in

make
the
some

in

work

yet

as

But

when

isolate

the

British

Chicago

Tribune.

human

beings

20,000
no

antidote

Dr.

Lauder

his
And

work
with

for the

a

that

they might

Lauder

Brunton

which

Dr.

England.

So

also, when
new

animals

but

science
to

further

out

began
and

its nature

stopped by the
consistency that is

benefit

order

America

Brunton

whose

Weir

Drs.

to

snake-

the

to

die

was

Govornment,

cobra-poison

the

"

poison,find

country

own

1885.

in India

England.

Philadelphia,in

promulgator of
experiments on

6,

its antidotes

the

in its

furnished

to

of

laws

peculiarlycharming,
such

Oct

that

asserts

series of

search

by

Standard

Joseph Fayrer

annually
a

were

laws

own

of its

Mitchel
make
was

vent
prejects,
sub-

own

Rei-

and
the

ments
experi-

forbidden

to

recently Sir Joseph Lister,
of

surgery,

wished

to

make

perfect surgical methods,

568

The

he

compelled

was

studies

be

turned

thought

of

and

pursue^his

to

terrier

a

kill

to
mouse

be

to

or

use

a

be

may

tortured

to

even

it may

poisoned, or

death, and

to

in

mouse

is

nothing

of it.

experiment

unless

the

interests

on

deer

a

of

such

be

obtain

crime

a

But

England to"

in

license,which

a

and

experiment was,
England's Queen

an

humanity.

would

could

experimenter

likelybe refused;

very

The

humanity.

over

Hunter's

the

enlightened England

in

interests

day

leave

to

Dentistry.

of

"revolutionary France."
England to-day it is a crime

In
the

Archives

would

would

has

a

be, in
of

score

"splendidlyantlered

into a paddock, captured, denuded
stags" run
of their
horns, and
properly prepared for the "sport with her
Majesty'sstaghounds during the ensuing hunting season"
be commenced
"Forest-huntingwill now
by the Queen's buckhounds, which
are
during this month
expected to meet
Tuesdays
and Fridays at the Royal Hotel, Ascot.
is
The
under
the
pack
control
Now
of the Marquis of Waterford."
look
this hypoon
thetical
be commenced
picture: "Experiments on rabbits will soon
dote
Brunton, in order to find
by Dr. T. Lauder
a
physiological antithe

to

cobra-poison,and

India.

The

Brunton

and

the

rabbits

Marquis

the

London

column
the

the

Her

contained

twaddle

Societies

Majesty's

Brunton's

"cruel

Dr.

or

of

Brunton's

would

experiments"

in

Dr.

or

of

have

raised

have

to

seen

be

Brunton?

Yet, had
in

beginning

Dr.

would

assistant?

stopped.

were

who

case,

announcement

quoted at the
England would

Government

English Government,

the

were

this

holocaust

personal supervision of

humanity, England's Queen

Standard

with

the

to

stop

a

the

If this

of Waterford

Humane

that

to

put

under

his assistant."

greater friend

the

will be

thus

the

this

same

article,

such
it

a

that

Australia, under

cry
Dr.
the

by rabbits, and
recently overrun
they are there destroyed in every possible manner.
They may be
poisoned, trapped and killed,as the red deer recentlycaptured in

Windsor
are

Park, shot, or

tortured

or

as

with

killed,so they

are

dogs

not

not

so

terrible

the report of

in

their

"

used

it matters
for

amount

that

results.

vivisectionists,that

a

of

how

scientific

they
or

mane
hu-

sistency
ignorance, incon-

would
Professor
of

not

be

ludicrous
Yeo

mates,
esti-

experiments
as
painful
animals, seventy-fiveare absolutely painless,twenty
and only
vaccination, four as painful as the healing of a wound
from

on

hunted

things show an
indifference
to
humanity

and

they

been

These

purpose.

were

has

100

Journalistic.

669

mate
painful as a surgicaloperation. It does not need the estiof a professorto show
that of twenty deer hunted
and caught
from
as
by dogs, twenty will suffer as much
a
surgicaloperation.
Does
the fact that this useless slaughter of deer is for the amusement
as

one

of the

ruler

instruments

the hunter

under

are

animals

less?

wears

the control

Are

red

a

the further

the

blows

a

that

animals

the

make

Marquis,

a

sufferingsof

and

coat

of

fact

the

less acute

horn, than

when

the

administers
an
thetic?
anaeslaboratory apron, and
Does
the highly intellectual amusement
afforded by seeing
animal
and
manity,
hutorn
by dogs outweigh the benefits to science
animal
or
gained by experimenting on an anaesthetized
which
feels every prick of a needle?
to
one
are
Perhaps we

experimenter
an

great nation, and

a

of torture

sufferingsof
when

of

wears

a

"

even

believe

that

giving of pain for sport is not cruelty,
while
a practically
a
painlessexperiment, or
necessarily painful
nal
operation for solid scientific results,is cruelty. Editorial in Jourthe

unnecessary

"

American

Medical

Association.

Melano-Sarcoma
a

female

She

seventy

below
first,

Four

the

of

years

left eye,

ago

finallycame
Surgeons,

to

and

it

him

by

referred

was

by

confirmed
Dr.

the

Fox, and

Dr.

Jackson

vitalityof
portions of skin

this could
the

incision

thus

of the

be

done

with

extended
eye,

was

an

width, and yet union
Fine

carbolized
of the

silk

growth

Lympho-Sarcomatous
a

paper

on

a

case

by

of

was

the

the

side

and

case

was

the

Dr.

the

at

Wyeth

that

neck

a

half

in

nose

and

patient.

skin

the

the

length by

of all intentions

an

it illustrated

and

to

made
for

face

for

the

She

clinic in

the

saw

of

to

of

earliest

used

confirmed

appeared

this

outer

that
case
can-

inch

one

was

when

and

plasticpurposes,
complete impunity. In

almost

inch

also

her

of

raised

were

skin.

Physicians

Bronson,

T. Jackson

tissues

the

from

Dr.

in the

the

of caustic paste.

college of

referred

presented

of
there

ago

melano-sarcoma

interest

remarkable

extensive

kind

to

G.

diagnosis of

operation.
The
surgicalpoint of
the

Dr.

Wyeth

tumor

growth which remained
then
enlarged gradually.

some

clinic at the

Thirty-fourthstreet, where
Both

by

a

years

and

years,

removed

A.

removed

sjnall cutaneous

a

Fox's

Dr.

John

Fourteen

age.

several

was

Dr.

"

had

he

whom

stationaryfor
years

Skix.

the

patient from

was

almost

of

in

obtained.

for sutures.

tion
Microscopical examinaRecord.
diagnosis. Medical

the

Tumor.

"

"

Mr.

Jonathan

largelympho-sarcomatous

Hutchinson
tumor

read

of the tongue*

670

The

The

consisted

paper

Archives

chieflyin
early life

Dentistry.

of

the

narrative

of

a

which

in

case

a

in the substance
of the
beginning in
tongue, had
of its large size.
It had grown
until
account
on
required removal
it completely filled the mouth
and obstructed
piration.
deglutition and resIt weighed after removal
seven
being probably
ounces,
the largesttumor
of the tongue on
record.
The
tated
operation necessia preliminary
tracheotomy and section of the lower jaw at
the symphysis, since it was
quite impossible to get at the mass
from
the mouth.
The
a medical
student, aged 22, and
patientwas
the tumor
had been growing for twelve
or
possibly much
years,
Its surface at
longer; it was painlessand of almost stony hardness.
with papillaryoutgrowths, but there was
covered
one
not
part was
the least tendency to ulceration.
disease.
There
The
was
no
gland
in good health, and
caused
the inconvenience
patientwas
by the
size of the tumor
for its removal.
Careful
the
was
only reason
examination
had been made
by Mr. Eve, Dr. Klein
microscopical

tumor,

and

others, with

the result

that

the tumor

was

declared
This

be

to

verdict

of

a

had

fortunately
unlympho-sarcomatous nature.
been
two
supported by the final result,for after about
the
of recurrence,
slightestsymptom
years, of good health, without
ing
a new
growth suddenly developed in the scar, and, increasthe patient's death.
The
author,
very rapidly,brought about
whilst admitting that the tumor
in its final development was
of a
certain
attention
to
character, drew
malignant or sarcomatous

sarcomatous

or

clinical features

which

different

were

from

those

such

to

common

If not

actuallycongenital,it had begun in very early
life,and its growth had been very slow and
absolutely painless.
The
of
its
coarse
surface, without
development
papillaeon
any
of
ulcerate
another
feature
or
peculiarity.
tendency to
fungate, was
which
He had not been
able to find on record any case
ed
correspondgrowths.

with
which
a

his

own

similar; but
the

shown,
in this

patient,a

material
to

it in its

resembled

portraitwas

and

in all its

that

the

by

the

of

the

The

on

appearances

of

one

the

several

these, in

surface

This

and

startingpoint

paper

was

had

morbid

other

illustrated

preparation itself,which had
College of Surgeons. London
"

other

some

been

of

cases

shown,

tendencies

by

a

been

series

had
of

of

any

author
a

genital
con-

developed
drawings, and

been

preservedin

Lancet,

from

led the

the nature

which

exactly

were

tendency to persistentgrowth was
railway porter, aged 23, is still free

mole, in which
on.

In

early stages.

with

met

no

inconvenience.

believe

later

the

had

characters, but

the

museum

672

The

Archives

cut
gathered in spring were
for^a week in alcohol

It
and

then

was

a

and

erated
blossoms), mactered.
filand
cent, pressed out

leaves
(stalks,

up
of

sixty per
dark, greenish brown

Applied by

taste.

Dentistry.

of

of cotton-wool

means

aromatic

fluid of

bleeding wounds,

to

it

promptly arrested hemorrhage, unless largevessels
especiallyparenchymatous bleedings and those from
The

blood

converted

was

vessels, thus

from

nose

up

the

a

the nostril

Should

the

then,

out

one.

In

the

several

arrested

half

jaw,

after

an

hour
of

case

of

extraction

the

a
a

plug

but

not

be

to

for

tiously
cau-

blood*

some

fresh

a

bleeding

ways
al-

was

ing
strik-

Quite
from

the

hemorrhage
compression and

had

bleeding

man

molar;

be

may

latest.

very

young

dry plug.

replaced by
the

ing
bleed-

the
a

If

minutes.

ten

the

at

of

means

treated

thus

cases

the effect in the

lower

fixed, by

lapse of about
plug, it will have

with

contact

immediately,

cease

hundred

within

vessels.
blood-

smaller

soft,consistent,

a

into close

come

after the

through

was

to

if necessary,

hemorrhage

moved
oozes

small

high enough

surface,and

affected,

were

seemingly protruded into the opening of the
of bleeding
In cases
arrestinghemorrhage.
cotton
plug steeped in the liquid is pushed

crumbling clot,which
wounded

into

smell

the

the
days incessantly,in spite of
applicationof external and internal styptics. For years Dr. Rothe
in all operations with predomihas used this "liquor hiBmostaticus"
nantly
my,
tracheotoin
lierniotomy,
parenchymatous hemorrhage, as

lasted

for three

smaller
same

the

as

way

but

employed,
so

the

contrary,

with

it is

on

the

and

decompose.

especiallyindicated

in

will

the

uteri, etc.,
iron

component,

in

the

formerly

was

clots did

blood

the

nettle

solution

has,

on

ties;
antisepticquali-

simple cuts of the skin not
bleeding promptly cease,

steeped in

cotton-wool

applicationof

The

of its alcoholic

only

that

advantage

great

not

cervix

sesquichlorideof

the

account

suture; for

by

of

solution

easilycrumble

not

and

the

amputations, splittingof

this solution

the

quiring
re-

but

wound

The
styptic is, above
superiorityof this new
speedily heal.
all,evident in non-puerperal hemorrhagica, the orifice of the uterus
five to ten
is sufficiently
wide
grammes
open, an injection of from

will

liquor,after previous cleansing with a cold or
carbolic
stopping
acid, will produce a permanent

pf the
of

except where
Should
the
with

the

blunt
a

warm

removal

the
of

an

curette) become
solution

is too

membrane

mucous

necessary,

of carbolic

of

much

by operation or

excrescence

the

wound

acid, whereupon

can
a

solution

warm

the

hage,
hemorr-

degenerated.
scraping (with
be

cleansed

plug

of cotton-

573

Bibliographic.
wool
the

steeped in

infusion, with

will,in nearly every

same,

of the

nettle

the

hemorrhage.

case,

Medical

"

subsequent injection of
produce the speedy cessation

Record.

York, writes:
Meylert, of New
^'Articles on
the subject of cocaine
hydrochlorate are occasionally
that there is no danger of the formation
published,in which it is assumed
This
is an
habit.
of a cocaine
error.
Physicians should
know
that
cocaine
be prescribed with considerable
must
caution,
where
discretion.
its administration
is left at the patient's
I have
phine
already had one case of cocaine habituation,complicating the morThe

Cocaixe

habit."

Habit.

"

Dr.

"

Medical

A.

P.

J. S. M.

Record.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC.

Appendix containing Illustrative
S.
Caries and Engravings of Anesthetic
Apparatus. By Arthur
Dental
on
Underwood, M. R. C. S., L. D. S., Eng., Lecturer
Surgeon at the Dental
Anatomy and Physiology, and Assistant
Claudius, Ash " Sons, London, 1885.
Hospital of London, etc.

Notes

Quiz

with

Ax^sthetics,

on

Questions.

Course

on

an

Dental

PhiladelphiaDental College. By Prof.
Answered
C. Foulks, D. D.
by William
and instructor in the PhiladelphiaDental
revised
White
This

and

enlarged. 12 mo,
Dental
Mfg. Co., 1885.
little work
is adapted for

tioner,for the former

it is

a

129

pp.

and

Therapeutics,
J. Foster Flagg, D. D. S.
S., formerly demonstrator
College. Third edition,
Philadelphia: The S. S-

Pathology

Price, cloth, |2.00.
both

useful

text

student

the
book

and

a

and

the

ready

practi.

reference

for the latter.
Physicians'

Visiting

List

for

1886.

issue of phythe annual
sicians'
approach of a new
year comes
is
not
visitinglists of which that of Lindsay and Blakiston
in its thirty-fifth
only one of the oldest,beingnow
year, but is also
of the best.
It contains
calender,listof poisons and antidotes,
one
dose tables,lists of new
remedies, etc.,etc., and "for completeness,
it is excelled
by none
compactness and simplicityof arrangement
and substantially
in the market."
It is well printed on good paper
With

bound

the

improved quality. It
particulars.

in leather

in all

of

will be

found

ry
satisfacto-

The

574

A

Series

Archives

Student.

Dental

Pertaining

Questions

of

Denhstry.

of

to

Dental

Embracing

"

Curricitlum

the

Histology,

of

Dental

thb

ology,
Path-

Materia
MedProsthesis, Dental
Surgery, Dental
ica and
Therapeutics, Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry, and
J. S. Gorgas, M. D., D. D. S. of the
Metallurgy. By Ferdinand
Dental

of

University
work

This

he

what

out

is

Price

Maryland.
valuable

a

should

guide

$1.50.
the

to

learn, hence

will

dental

save

student

of valuable

deal

great

a

points

and

time.
has

"Quiz"

The

become

indispensablepart

an

of the

in all

course

colleges.
Bibliography:

Dental

Standard

A

Reference
the

List

world

from

Dentistry published throughout
Arranged chronologically, and supplemented
Cross-Reference
180

Complied

1536

with
C.

1885

to

complete
Crowley.

a

Geo.

Dental

od

Manufacturing

cloth, $2.00.

Price,

1885.

by

S. S. White

The
Philadelphia:

pages.

Co.,

Authors.

to

Books

of

^

The

is divided

work

I contains

books

five

and

Britain

Great

in

published

America.

book

Spain

and

all the

to

should

be

Section

appended

volumes

being
to

for their

thank

the

patronage,

past and resolution
We, having made
born
shall
We

for
patiently,

and

same

the

published in
alphabeticalorder gives

The

year

take

we

Archives

the

fession.
pro-

time

make

the

tunity
oppor-

Dentistet

of

apologies for

which

mistakes,
we

thank

them

subscribers

our

and

feel

profitby past experience.
the old
subscribers, editors
especiallythank
Journal
of the "iVew England
af Dentistry,
and
subscriptions

of

member

^^

their

published

the

future.

many
which

books

books

every

of the present
of

for the

IV

NOTICE.

subscribers
at

in

libraryof

iq the

last month

the

V

Section

catalogued.

PUBLISHER'S
This

Section

(French);

Italy; Section

and

index

Switzerland

and

Ireland;

author's

An

cross-reference
This

in

sections.

or

in

published in France, Belgium,
III books

departments

Germany, Austria, Holland, Norway,
Switzerland
II books
(German); Section

published

Denmark,

Sweden,

into

literarywork

to

the

Archives

quite sure
and
for

have
we

tors
contribu-

continuing^

that
realizing

Editorial.

of

some

the

collaborators
As

same.

literarywork
journal, and

best

very

this

of

shall be of real value

journal as

from

comes

to the

our

in

beyond
The

be

to

reason

thankful

will continue
unless

during 1886,
a

be

to

mailed

otherwise

are

we

and

editors,collaborators
for

list of

our

of

subscribers

any

have

we

year,

a

in the

interest

dull

of

has

creased
in-

expectation.

our

Archives

hoping

that

the

very

and

such

produce

profession,and shall,as

not

every

editors

continuance
to

power

be run
to
permit the Archives
Supply House, Clique or specialsociety.
Considering, having passed through a

past,

the

for

hope

we

all in

shall do

publisherswe

575

subscribers
of

continuance

the

all the

to

notified.
for their

old

ers
subscrib-

Again thanking
in the past,

support

same.

EDITORIAL.

bacterial

The

in medicine.

theory

if

in many,

disease.
this

write
lecture

on

taken

devoted

who

have

well

defined

serve

presentedunder
We

information

lengthy selection
of

Abchives

the

disease

the

prevalent

bacteria

disease, and

Medical

extends

and
a

Record

little attention
these

the

low

the

thanks

success.

the

are

ent
pres-

yet opinions differ
or

the

to

forms

much

occupiesso

to

be

held

all readers
to

a

York.

study have
of

life.

of

the

not

The

very
trations
illus-

appearances

classes

careful

Those

of these

ganisms.
or-

perusal of evtij

which

it relates.

Dental

number

and

space

this

Society'slast
will

provide

readers.

our

to

the

Valley

January

are

of New

subject to

Connecticut

in full in
for

to

paper

with

originalshad

Editor
Year

fact is that

of

cause

the

commend

valuable

number

becoming

concerning
to impart a pretty clear idea
the microscope of the different

will appear

New

from
but

meeting

The

bacteria

proceedingsof

The

A

in all forms

alreadyfamiliar

not

undoubted

ideas

will

one

is fast

product of
discuss the disputed question,and
do not propose
We
to
of calling attention
to a
paragraph for the sole purpose
Bacteriology,by Dr. Alfred L. Loomis, reprinted in this

and

number

The

not

the

whether

to

as

disease

of

origin

those

for the

A

who

January

month

that

a

number.

Merry Christmas, A Happy
have
the
helped to make

576

Archives

The

Dentistry.

or

OBITUARY.

JOHN

DR.
M.

John

Dr.
o'clock

p.

M., after

Riggs

was

born

in

little

over

therefore

a

in Hartford

for

given

was

"He
He

to

has
of

in

it,and

for

a

his

Conn., October
and

age,
Dr.

had

Riggs

second

was

in the

The

men.

future

only

he

but

most

men.

world

is

rise

will

many

was

practised dentistry

lasting than

fellow

Dr.

and

1810,

made

pyorrhea alveolarus, and
it has been
called
"Riggs'

more

seven

weeks.

two

25,

and

his

of

years

his

life and

of

years.

monument

benefitted

than

more

discovery of anesthesia,

the

treatment

reared

has

forty

over

six

11, between
little

a

years

his

reputation by

of

Seymour,
75

RIGGS.

November

illness

an

Wells

Horace

Dr.

died

Riggs

M.

up

to

his
name

Disease."

better

and

cause
behim

call

blessed."

CORRESPONDENCE.

Nov.

Chicago,
Archives

Editor

"

calling attention
I should

Now,

to

and

do

dry

wheel

off every

sends

that
know

the

thousands

air and

atmosphere

best, and
of

it

seems

find

of
to

a
me

for

work

dental
wise

a

Do

not

Dry.''"'
erally,
gen-

bronchia,

anything

use

it.

porcelain tooth

way

the

to

and

A

dry
block

or

laboratory is
avoid,

as

workman's

dangerous
too

none

far

as

on

are

sidered
con-

that

good

possible,

at

the

dust-producingagencies.
yours,
Garrett

terials,
ma-

lungs.

glass grinders

individuals

Respectfully

per,
Har-

canite
finishingvul-

help

can

G.

gritty particles,insoluble

of stone

to

Jno.

sensitive

or

1885.

dentists

to

if you

with

their

some

Use

"caution"

lungs

of

occupations

detrimental, and

The

weak

contact

for

wheels

laboratory,viz:

revolving in

fill the

that

your

instant

of

lathe

Dr.

from

note

"Caution,

"

word

with

a

pumice

words

a

in the

with

in connection

corundum

We

work

much

give

those

especially

of

use

these

like to
to

who

the

observed

plates,I

In

of Dentistry:

14,

Newkirk.

count.
ac-

the
use

INDEX.

Erosion

Abrasion,

-----------61

Abnormalities

470

Acute

Abscesses,

Unusual

Absorption,
Aconite

as

Acute

Abscesses

Acute

Ulitis

468

-

-

-

95

Effort

and

to Health

as

Unity

for

Local

or

Duality

;

of

-

Association

in

-

-

Which?

296

-

-

493

-

_

_

Pyorrhea

Alveolaris

381

66,322,399,435,478,485

-

-

Opium-Poisoning

Strength

and

Treatment

Association

Medical
titrate

-

-

-

268,

-

23

--

Dr.

by
''

Friedericks

Dr.

''

364

--------

Swab

F.

Dr.

388

--------

Thurber

-

293
114

-------

Address

An

of

470

Membrane;

Dental

American

Effect

-----------

-

Instruments

American

--------

Anaesthetic

Dentine,

Rest

Dental

Allport's

192

-----------

of

Alteration

Alveolar

Anaesthetic

Sensitive

on

97

of

Case

Local

a

"

Amyl

229

-----------

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

215

.

Local

Anaesthetics,
Anaesthetic

of

Aconite

Highmorianum;
Billroth

Antiseptics,
Announcements

on

its

as

a

-

-

-

-

-

Local

and

Diseases

on

Dentine

Sensitive

Water

Cherry-Laural

Anaesthetic,
Antrum

945

----------

Effect

571

Treatment

-

320

Histology

"

of

the

204
232

---------

------

Anatomy,

468

and

Microscopy

Teeth,

486

------

Comparative

418

------

B

Bacteriology,
Baltimore

Lecture

College

of Dental

Bibliographic
Board

of Dental

Books

and

-

.

_

State

38,91,142,189,235,282,525,573
of

Wisconsin

-

-

-

369

526, 573

91

----------30

Bicycle

Riding,

Dangers

Branny

Foods,

Xutritive

Scalded

the

,

of

and

.

.

for

222

-------

Received

Pamphlets

Chemistry

Bridge

Surgery

Examiners

Bread,

Burns

555

on----

of

Value

Surfaces,

123

_.--

of

188

-------

Carbolic

Acid

233

for

Work

440

C
Carbolic
Catarrhal

Acid

for

Nature

Caliper-Spreaders

Burns

and

of Pyorrhea
for

Widening

Scalded

Surfaces

-

-

-

-

-

-

497

Alveolaris
the

Dental

233

Arch

-

-

289

iv

Index.

Caries, Dental,
in

Case

Riggs

on

Caveties,

473

--.---.-.--

of

Dental

Society,

Metal

Chloroform

in

Comparative

--------89

of the

Anatomy

Removal

of

Teeth

as

Local

a

Society
College of Dental

'"

.

in

Cerebrum

Water

Dental

Chicago

Dog

a

Uses

in Dental

-

-

571
-

-

29, 74, llo, 167, 204

-

2I8

-------

16, 33, 37, 190, 322, 323, 331
325

269, 293

--------

573

-----------

for

Odor

of

Concerning

Representation
Contrarius

Correction

232

Iodoform
in

Dental

Valley

522

---------

the

Society

Curanter

as

Medical

International

the

-

Applied

to

Congress

159

124,162,^^.75,414,465,554

-

Dentistry

-

-

74

-

378

--.---___..-

Correspondence
Conference
a

279

of----

Surgery

Substitutes

Contraria

418

.

-

------

-

Surgery

Concealing
Connecticut

-

.

Anaesthetic

-

Different

Habit

of

\

.

Cocaine

Cocaine,

-

84, 186, 227, 334. 377, 430, 472, 478, 528, 576

-

of Dentists

to

Section

in the

Dental

429

397

----------

Tic-Douloureaux

Cherry-Laural

359,

------

---.-.----30

Bread

Cheoplastic

Complete

343

..-..._.--

Plomb
Illinois

Chemistry

471

--

--.-

Sensitive

Cement
Central

414

...-

Caustic, Painless

99

46,

-

Practice

Consider

the

Ninth

of

Question

the

Formation

Medical

International

552

Congress

D

Dangers

of

JBicycle Riding

from

Inhaling

y-

Rate

of

""

from

Small-Pox

Death

Dental
"

Caries
""

AVar

A

Oxide
-

|of

Critical

225

-----

-

-

-

-

Antivaccinator

an

its Relations

and

123

------

Nitrous

to the Germ

Summary

.

-

372

-

-

292

Disease

of

Theory

-

...

99

-

145

-

-

277

Charity
"

Enamel,

"

Hygiene,

"

for

Formula

Committee

of

Report

Discussion

''

''

Law

"

Legislation

13

on

in Minnesota
in

of

-

-

-

-

326

------

Kansas

-

-

-

-

-

"

"

and

Oral

Porcelains

"

"

Surgery,

Address

Literature, Report

of the

223

-

190

-

"

213
259

-----

373

-----

Committee

on

-

-

-

420

-.-----14

-

Prothesis

-

Literature

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

313

-421

-

'

"'

Students

-

-

-

-

-

327

vi

Index.

Hardening

Plaster

Helenina"

Xew

a

Herbst's

-------325

Antiseptic

Method

-

Histologj' and

Microscopy,

Homeopathic,

447

Anatomy
in

Therapeutics

Hydrochlorate

of

Cocaine

"

"

"

in

"

"

"

in

"

"

"

in

"

"

Hydrogen

470

--_..-

-

486

-----

Dentistry

-

-

_

529

-

16, 230

"

Minor

Dentistry
Staphylorophy

in

Peroxide, "Paper

322

Surgery
Practice
Dermatology

-

-

-

323
33

------

331

-----

542

on

I
In

Memoriam

Index

-511

to Dental

Illinois

Dental

State

Important,
Indiana

Cosmos

International

Dental

Inflammation,

Influence

I86, 238, 284, 552

-----

Inflammation

193

-------

Nature

Intimate

of

Iodoform,
Iowa

217

of

-

-

and

Ether
Eenal

Dental

Wiieu

Chloroform,

Secretions,

Concealing

State

193
391

------------

the

on

219

----------

Congress,

of

Inflammation

376

Association,

Medical

Frature

161,313,457,513

------

----------

College

State

Internal

Society

if True

Dental

"

39

-.-

of

Odor

Society

Used

-

-

as
-

-

Anesthetics,
-

-

-139

-

232

--------

135, 274

--------

J
Jamaica
Joint

Dogwood

371

Convention

the

of

the

Massachusetts

Journalistic

-

Connecticut

Dental
-

Dental

Valley

Society

-

Society

and
414

------

33, 87, 135, 187, 229, 276, 329, 369, 466, 518,

-

567

K
Kansas

City Dental

218

College
L

the

Lancing
Life

Saving

Lime

Light

Literature

Gums
from
for

-63

-.--

Drowning

Self- Inflation

by

Purposes

Demonstration
Nomenclature

and

Limit

to Patience

Local

Anaesthetics

279
326
435

--------

554

------

94, 469

-----

Tumor

Lympho-Sarcomatous

569

M

Malpractice

Suits, French

Massachusetts

Medical

Rhymes

Justice

Society

Dental
---

in
-

281
-

-

-

-

40, 80, 414
91

Index.

Medical

Journal

"

as

as

Methods

Microscopy,

the

of

Missing

Link

Missouri

State

Missouri

Dental

of

Plants

278
486

Dentistry

of

Journal

Department

481

-

-

223

-

-

-

-

328

Association

Dental

275, 344

------

219

College
..-------167

Permanent
Soft

the

.---189

Palate

Dentist

of Patents

92, 328, 384

-

-

432

-

-

-

-

List

Monthly

-

-

.

-

-----

Molars, First
Motions

385

-----

-

England

College Hospital, Dental

Minnesota

Model

New

late

Wedges
and

Histology

Anatomy,

Versus

398,520

with

Germination

the

and

Micro-Organisms

569

--------

Teeth

Separating

of

Miller

Skin

327

-------

Anaesthetic,

Local

a

286

-

Lamp,

Electric

of the

Melano-Sarcoma

Menthol,

Educator

an

Dental

and

vii

N
National
Nebraska

State

New

Methods

New

Method

New

York

"

Society

of

Rubber

of

Necrosis
Tooth

Neurotomy

for

Jaw

Neurotomy

Neuralgia,

Nomenclature,
Nomenclature

571

Action

ervous

-

Dental

for Inferior

and

-----

Literaturo

Inhaling
and

36
225

-..----

435

-.--.---

^

-

Value

-

-

-

436

-

--37

-..--.---.

Nutritive

230

-...---

------

Nutriment

141
---

Fatigue

from

Death

-

-

-

316

-

141

Neuralgia

Dental

of

Exhaustion

Oxide,

and-

Abscess

Following

Nerve

Principles of N

and

Inferior

Treatment

Nitrous

141

.---.----

-.--....---

Neuralgia,
Nervous

329

---187

Nerve-Stretching
Matter

229

-

-

-

-.

Extraction

Nervous

130, 178

--

Paralysis of Dental

and

Filling

for

Teeth

503

-

-

-

-

-

for Separating

Lower

the

Work

Rubber

Society

Septic Organisms

Necrosis

1*^

..------44

Vulcanite

Odontological

216, 322, 464

-

.

-

--

Suggestions

of Making

Form

"

Dental

and

Examiners

of Dental

Association

of

Foods

Branny

188

-------

O

Obituary
Ohio

"

Dr.

Isaiah

Forbes"

College of Dental

Dr.

Surgery

John

M.

379, 576

-

-

-

220

--------

Omission

480

------

240

Operative

Notes

Operative

Dentistry

Operations
Opium"

Riggs

on

the

Poisoning,

72, 439, 457

Teeth,

Amyl

Thoughts

Relating

N itrite in

to

-

.

-

-

201
114

viii

Index.

P
Painless

Operation,

Pathology

of

of the
of

Etiology

Caustic

430

---------

Enamel

to the
Painless

The

Human

Teeth,

with

Special

ence
Refer-

Caries

486
471

-----------

Palate, Motions

of

Soft

189

Pamphlets

91,142,526

Parotid

Fistula, Treatment

Partial

Excision

of

the

Neuralgia;

Pathology

of, by Injections
Inferior

Nerve

Fat

or

Oil

for

Persistent

-

138

-

cial
Fa-

Cure

520

Therapeutics,

and

Dental

of

Elements

Report

of

the

Committee

on

352

-

-

of

525

,

Pennsylvania
Practical

State

Methods

Dental

Prehistoric

Dentistry

President's

Address

87

before

Condition

Preliminary
Prosthetic

the

of

Poisonous

Association
-

388
401

-

-

433
--66

--

479

Dental

in the

Matriculation

Colleges

-

143

-

144
_.--(;8
325

----

Dam

96

Notice

-

of Amalgam

Pulleys, Soft Rubber
Pumice

Dental

Dentistry,

Effect

Cones

Pyorrhoea

State

Examinations

Rubber

Publishers

Missouri

-

Plaster, Hardening
Preserve

337

--------

Phosphates, Earthy
Physick's Forceps
Physiology and Etiology
Pledge not to Advertise
Precedent

320

Society

in Practice

------

371

Engine

------

545
485

Wheels

Alveolaris

"

574

Fillings

for Dental

and

336,

-

-

329,341,352,361,498

"

for

Allport's Instruments

,

of

Local

Treatment
381

------

Porrhcea, Sponge-grafting in
Alveolaris, Catarrhal

-

-

-

Pyorrhoea

Nature

of

498

-

496

-

R
Reckless

Sacrifice

of

Rachitis, Siphilitic Origin
Record

of

Reflex

Repairing
Relations

Rigg's,

Rubber

Rubber

on

Dental
and

for

of

Work
to

-

-

466
546
135

435, 484

--------

533

Special Practice,
----46

Caries

Ripeness
Preserve

-

162,

Actiou

---------

435
247

Improvement

Dam,

.-

Dentures

Dental

of General

Ripening
Room

Artificial

Uterine

303

Substances

Tooth

--

96

Index.

ix

S
Sarcoma

of the Lower

St. Louis

Jaw

Fair

479
of

Sanitary Advantages
Sarcoma

of Lower

Separating

the

Jaw

with

82

Light

Successful

of, with

Removal

.

.

.

301

.

Wedges

080

Cavities

343

Diseases, Handbook

Skin

Electric

Teeth, Methods

Sensitive
Skin

140

--

of the Diagnosis

Melano-Sarcoma

of the

and

Treatment

of

525

-

569

-

,

Southern
Some

Dental
of

Methods

Soft

Association

Rubber

-

-

134, 212, 259, 303, 349, 420

-

Practice

Pulleys

538

Dental

for

545

Engine

Split Teeth
Sport

-

Science

versus

,567

Sponge

and
Grafting, Pyorrhea
Steele, Treatment
of, for Tools
Stretching, Xerve

498

........

250
571

-_._.....-

Studio

Glue

Styptic,

432

New

A

Substitutes

571

for Cocaine
Disk

Swasey's
Sweeten

434

the

522

...-.

Maker

480

Atmosphere

Syphilitic Origin

-

554

--

of Rachitis,

466

T

"Teething'*
Teeth

of

''Worms"

and

Teeth, Effect

of

Teeth, Thoughts
"

"

376

-

Birds

and

Reptiles

Sugar

and

their

Relating

Different

90

to

Compounds

Operation

on

on

the

the

-

201

People

-

Pivot
Teratom

of the

TherapeuticNotes"
Therapeutics,
Tic

Report

of

241

-

446
239

Diarrhoeas

Committee

on

of Infants

Pathology

.5I8

...

and

352

...

in---

Chloroform

Relating

-

Cerebri

Summer

Douloureaux,

Thoughts

-

Hypophysis

49

-

-

-

-----

to Operations

89

the

on

201

Teeth

Tongaline
Treatment
"

for Tools

Parotide

250

Fistula

by Injections of Fat

Oil

or

-

Tumor,

47

Affections

of the

Accessable

Mucous

Membranes

-

Lympho-Sa;pomatous

Uvula

in

138

_230

"'Neuralgia
Dinner

Tuberculous

Two

Steel

"

"

Tome's

37

of

a

Man

333
569
369

--

U
Ulitis

Acute

University of

95

-----..

Iowa"

Dental

Department

-

-

-

-

-

19

hidex.

X

University

of Maryland"

University

of

Unusual

Tennessee"

Case

Utilization

of

221

Department

Dental

Department

-

-

222

-

-

-

Absorption

Waste

of

Dental

Dental

87
of

Scraps

Old

and

Amalgams

by

of

Products

Practice

97

V
Vanderbilt

University"

Vermont

State

Visit

to

Dental

Dental

220

Department

Society

134

--

Dentist

a

-

Vulcanizing
Vulcanite

-

-

Rubber

A

Work,

I^ew

of

Method

making

.

235
395

-..

-

.

503

W
What

toiDo

Wheat

and

How

Do

to

504

it

Charcoal

Wisconsin

39

State

Wisconsin's

Widening

Dental

Society

Hilarity

Arch,
Exposition

''Worms"

191

-..

Dental

World's

320

-.-

Caliper Spreaders

for

289

-----

84

376

"Teething"

and

EDITORIAL.
Aconite

as

Acute

Local

a

192

Anaesthetic

Ulitis

95
.

Allport's Instruments

for the

Local

of

Treatment

Pyorrhea

Alveo-

laris

381

American

Dental

478

Association

Bacteriology

575

Cocaine

190

Dental

Legislation

190

Erosion"

Abrasion

239

Gold

Enamel

and

International
Local

Monthly
New

List

Method

as

of
and

1887

40
286

Educator

an

Patients

384
....

44

Suggestions

240
......

480

Omission

.......

not

Pledge

Condition

Preliminary
Preserve

on

.....

of

Examinations

Rubber

Publisher's

479

to Advertise

Precedent

Riggs

C

Society

Notes

Operative

D.

384

.....

Dental

Jourual

Washington

238

94

Anaesthetics

Medical

.

Congress

Medical

Massachusetts

93

Fillings

Notice
Dental

Matriculation

in the

Dental

Colleges

143
144

.....

96

Dam

.....

336
......

Caries

46
.....

Index.

NOTICES.

BOOK

A

to

Visit

Stockton

Dentist,

the

XI

.235
.

of

Closure

the

and

Jaws

.

of

Removal

the

.

.

Patrick

Tumor,

a

.

142
.

Dental

Almanac,

Dental

Bibliography,

Dental

285
.

Crowley

574
......

for

Students

and

Practitioners

Medicine,

of

Barrett

236

Rindfleisch

Pathology,

of

.

....

Surgery

Elements

.

Peterman

525
.....

of

Principles

Elementary

of

Hand-book

the

Haynes

Electro-Therapeutics,

.525
.

Treatment

and

Diagnosis

of

Skin

.

Diseases,

A

Harlingen

Van

.525
........

of

History

Practice

and

Principles

the

of

Dentistry,

Harris

284
.

Houses,

Build

to

How

526
.

Dental

to

Index

.

Ogilvie
.

.

.

.

Cosmos

39
.......

Human

in

Irregularities

Patrick

Teeth,

142
.....

Letters

from

a

of

the

Care
Medical

Rhymes,

Motions

of

Mother

to

a

Mother

Mrs.

Teeth,

M.

on

W.

the

Formation.

Erickson

Soft

the

.91
.

List,

.

.

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