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What is stalking? Stalking is a term commonly used to refer to unwanted and obsessive attention by an individual or group to another person. Stalking behaviors are related to harassment and intimidation and may include following the victim in person and/or monitoring them.

Profile /Characteristic of a Stalker a) Relationshi Relationship p to victim: victim: Sometimes Sometimes they are prior intimate intimate partne partners, rs, but more often the stalker desires a relationship with an acquaintance.  b) Obsessed: They constantly think about or fantasize about the victim. The fantasies can  be love oriented or angry and vengeful. c) Reje Reject cted ed:: Many Many stal stalke kers rs have have a hist histor ory y of fail failed ed rela relati tion onhs hsip ipss or have have troub trouble le communicating with others. d) Intelligen Intelligent: t: Most stalkers stalkers are intell intelligent igent and they they careful carefully ly plan plan their their stalki stalking ng behavior. behavior. Most just lack social skills. e) Motivated: Motivated: Stalkers Stalkers can can be motivated motivated by thinkin thinking g that that their their victim victim is the the only only one they can ever love or they want revenge against someone who hurt them.

Types of Stalkers i.

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Love Love Obses Obsessi sion: on: This This type type of stalke stalkerr develo develops ps a fixa fixati tion on on anothe anotherr person person with with whom they have no personal relationship. The target may be a casual acquaintance or even a complete stranger. Stalkers who ‘fall in love’ with a student in their class or a professor  fall into this category. These stalkers seem to want to live out a fantasy with their victims. Erotom Erotomani ania: a: This This type type of stalke stalkerr holds holds a delusio delusional nal belie belieff (a paranoi paranoid d disorde disorder) r) that that they they are being loved by their target, even if it is not expressed. The target is often a wellknown person, such as a student-leader or acclaimed athlete Simple Simple Obses Obsessio sion: n: This This type type of stalker stalker has has some some previou previouss or curren currentt personal personal or or romanti romanticc relationship with the victim. These include all intimate partner cases, as well as intimate and casual dating relationships, relationships, co-workers, co-workers, and casual friends. friends. Rejection often triggers triggers this type of stalking. Stalkers turn to threats and violence as a means of reestablishing control of the victim.

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8 Ways someone can stalk you 



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If a stalker is an intimate or Former Intimate Stalking: The stalker and victim may be married or divorced, current or former cohabitants, serious or casual sexual partners, or  former sexual partners. A history of intimate partner violence may exist. If a stalker is an acquaintance Stalking: The stalker and victim may know each other  casually, either through formal or informal contact. For example, they may be co-workers or neighbors, or they may have dated once or twice but were not sexual partners. If a stalker is a stranger stalking: The stalker and victim do not know each other at all. Cases involving celebrities and other public figures generally fall into this category. If a stalker is the rejected person/partner: As a result of a relationship dissolution (i.e. estrangement, disruptions, break-ups) from an ex-partner (but inclusive of a parent, friend, or work associate) this type of stalker can be observed desiring a mixture of  reconciliation and revenge. This individual often experiences feelings of loss, frustration, anger, jealousy, malevolence, and depression. If a stalker is the intimacy seeker: These stalkers pursue an intimate relationship with an individual perceived as their true love, but their attentions are not wanted by the object of  their affection. If a stalker is the incompetent person: These intellectually limited and socially incompetent individuals desire intimacy, but the object of their affection does not reciprocate these feelings. They often lack sufficient skills in courting rituals. They may also display a sense of entitlement: believing they deserve a partner, but lack the ability or desire to engage in subdued, preliminary interpersonal relations. Another aspect of  these stalkers is that they may have had previous stalking victims. Unlike the intimacy seekers, those in the incompetent category do not view the victim as having unique qualities; they are not infatuated with the victim, only attracted, and do not assert that the affection is mutual.

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What is the impact of stalking on victims? A. Effects on mental health i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x.

Denial, confusion, self-doubt, questioning if what is happening is unreasonable, wondering if they are over-reacting Frustration, Guilt, embarrassment, self-blame Apprehension, fear, terror of being alone or that they, others or pets will be harmed. Feeling isolated and helpless to stop the harassment Depression (all symptoms related to depression) Anxiety, panic attacks, agoraphobia (frightened to leave the house, never feeling safe) Difficulty concentrating, attending and remembering things Inability to sleep – nightmares, ruminating Irritability, anger, homicidal thoughts Emotional numbing

B. Effects on physical health i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. xi.

Fatigue from difficulty sleeping, being constantly on guard, symptoms of  depression Effects of chronic stress including headaches, hypertension Gastrointestinal problems due to stress Fluctuations in weight due to not eating or comfort eating Development or exacerbation of pre-existing conditions e.g. asthma, gastric ulcers and psoriasis. Dizziness Shortness of breath Impact on health of increased use of alcohol, cigarettes or drugs Sexual dysfunction Physical injury due to not concentrating or being under the influence of  substances Heart palpitations and sweating

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C. Effects on work and school i. ii. iii. iv. v.

Deteriorating school/work performance Increased sick leave Leaving job or being sacked Changing career  Dropping out of school – poorer education and career opportunities

D. Effects on social life i. ii. iii. iv. v.

vi.

Insecurity and inability to trust others are impacting on current and future relationships and friendships. Problems with physical and emotional intimacy. Avoidance of usual activities e.g., going to the gym, going out. Isolation through trying to protect others, feeling misunderstood or   psychological symptoms. Others withdrawing from the victim because they don’t believe the victim, they are unable to cope with the victim’s mental state or as a direct consequence of third-party victimization. Victim moving to a new area, changing their phone number, name or even their appearance.

E. Effects on finances i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi.

Loss of wages due to sick leave, leaving job or changing career. Costs incurred through legal fees. Expense of increasing home and personal security. Cost involved in repairing property damage. Cost involved in breaking leases on rented properties. Expense of relocation.

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How to identify stalkers? i.

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Watch for any unwanted contact or pursuit that would cause a reasonable person to feel fear. Phone calls at all hours of the day or night and anonymous calls in which the caller   just hangs up are typical stalking behaviors. Be attuned to repeated but seemingly casual meetings. A friend, an ex-partner or a stranger waiting, uninvited, outside your home or workplace is a typical stalking  behavior. Listen for threats, even heavily veiled ones, against you, your friends, your family members, your pets and your possessions. If you or your family members feel fearful as a result of these threats, stalking may be occurring. Consider unwanted written messages and unexpected gifts as possible signs of stalking. Letters, email, flowers, packages and anonymous items are commonly sent by stalkers to their victims.

What will happen if the stalkers are not stopped? The stalker will keep continuing disturbed the victims which could lead to the effects that will leaves a big impact from every level of aspect in the victim’s life. The stalking could lead to more dangerous action or series of events as for example as robbery, murderer, rape, defamation and so on.

Who to look for help (in Malaysia)? Conventional stalking call emergency line: 999 or any residential Police Station Cyber-Security Malaysia for Cyber-stalking: +603 - 8946 0999 Malaysian Police Force enforce Malaysian Penal Code Section 509 of the Invasion of Privacy Act

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A case study Canadian woman charged with stalking Alec Baldwin April 10, 2012

 NEW YORK: A Canadian woman was charged on Monday with stalking actor Alec Baldwin after appearing outside his New York City apartment over the weekend following a series of emails and messages that in some cases referred to the bachelor as her husband. Genevieve Sabourin, 40, of Montreal was charged with five misdemeanor offenses including aggravated harassment and stalking, and she was released on her own recognizance.  New York City criminal court Judge Richard Weinberg also ordered Sabourin to stay away from Baldwin, and have “no contact whatsoever, direct or indirect,” with the “30 Rock” actor. The charges and Sabourin’s arrest on Sunday stem from a series of text messages and e-mails she sent Baldwin since the two met for dinner in Fall 2010, according to the criminal complaint filed in the case. In court, Baldwin’s attorney said the actor, who just last week announced his engagement to girlfriend Hilaria Thomas, had agreed to meet with Sabourin as a favor to a friend. Initially, the e-mails and texts following that meeting were simply “annoying” to Baldwin, and he asked Sabourin to stop, according to a criminal complaint filed in the case. Last week, the volume and intensity of the e-mails increased and included one that said, in part, “I NEED TO START MY NEW LIFE, WITH MY NEW NAME, WITH MY NEW CARRIER  IN MY NEW COUNTRY HELP MY NEWLY HUSBAND, YOU!,” according to the complaint. It said the e-mails caused Baldwin “anxiety, annoyance and fear” for his safety and business. A court-appointed attorney for Sabourin, a petite woman who appeared in court wearing all black, told Judge Weinberg she and Baldwin “had a mutual relationship with texts, emails going in both directions” and added “there is not a single threat here.” A new court date was set for May 14. - Reuters

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