Asian Architecture Project 1: Case Study Paper

 

 

Asian Architecture [ARC 2213/2234] PROJECT 1: CASE STUDY

Study of the design strategy strateg y and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve achieve thermal com comfort. fort.

NAME

: WONG JIA XIN

STUDENT ID

: 1101G13277

TUTOR

: MR. KOH

SUBMISSION DATE : 10 JUNE 2014

 

Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort. Table of Content

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1. Introduction

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2. Thermal Comfort

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2.1 Factors influencing influencing thermal comfort

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2.2 Sustainable Thermal Comfort

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3. Overview of building materials used in Belum Rainforest Rainfores t Resort Phase 2

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3.1 Insulation Materials used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2

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3.2 Thermal Effects of Building Building Materials in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2

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3.3 Measurement Measurement of thermal performance in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2

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3.4 Roofing Materials

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4. Building Strategy

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4.1 Site location

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4.1.2 Orientation 4.2 Design Feature

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4.2.1 Vegetated roofing system

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4.2.2 Natural Ventilation

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5. Conclusion

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6. References

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to study the effects of thermal comfort in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 such as the building material used and the design strategy. The material used in the resort were identified, and a series of research was conducted to understand the capability to influence the thermal comfort in each type of material used in order to determine the thermal comfort of the building. The study was carried out using findings extracted from the site and further f urther information extracted from various literature reviews. With the building materials being one of the most important feature of the Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2, together with the design strategy of the resort, it is important that we learn about the purpose and strategy behind the Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2. Majority of the material used in Belum Rainforest Phase 2 is concrete and timber. Concrete is known to act as a thermal mass because it as a high heat capacity per unit volume which can slow down the penetration of heat into the wall. While timber is known to have a low thermal conductivity which allows the resistance of heat into the building. Furthermore, the building strategy is also playing an important role. One of the building design strategy is by adding openings or overhangs depending on the location of building. Openings allow natural ventilation into a space, bringing in healthy air for the user and making the space thermally comfortable. comfortable. While overhangs help shade areas where direct sunlight is able to enter the interior space, this is to reduce heat into the t he interior space, therefore, maintaining the comfortable interior   temperature.  At the end of of this study, the study will will be evide evident nt for how important important their role in achieving thermal comfort in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2. Therefore, it is understood that both of these elements of the building is essential in determining the thermal comfort of the user of the Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2.

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

_____________________________________ ________________ ____________________________________________ _______________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________ ____  1.0 Introduction The Belum Rainforest Resort is located in Pulau Banding, Perak. It is built at the 130 million year-old forest Belum- Temenggor Rainforest. The Belum Rainforest Resort if one of Malaysia's first few ecotourism ecotourism holiday destination. destination. It is known for its famous architecture architecture with the combination of contemporary and traditional architectural design. With the selected materials used and the building strategy of the Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2, the resort is able to achieve thermal comfort with its sustainable design. This paper will study the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 in order to achieve achieve thermal comfort comfort by the responding ques questions: tions: 1. What is thermal comfort? 2. What are the affects of the building materials used on thermal comfort? 3. How does the building materials help achieve thermal comfort? 3. What are the design strategy in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 that addresses thermal comfort?

2.0 Thermal comfort The thermal comfort cannot be defined accurately accurately.. It solely depends on the user's surrounding environment and the activity of the user. BS EN ISO 7730 defines thermal comfort as ‘…that condition of mind which expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment.’ According to ASHRAE Standard 55, which defines thermal comfort in

commercial buildings, success means that a building meets the needs of 80% of occupants.

2.1 Factors influencing thermal comfort Thermal comfort is very subjective and is influenced influenced by several factors. Therefore, it is divided into 2 main factors, environmental factors and personal factors. Environmental factors are air temperature, radiant temperature, air velocity and humidity. While, personal factors are clothing insulation and metabolic heat.  Air temperature is is measured in degrees Celsius (°C) or degrees Fahrenheit (°F). Radiant temperature is the heat radiating from a warm object, for example, the sun, ovens, machinery etc. Air velocity is the speed of air moving across a user of a building. In indoor environments, artificially heated still air causes people to feel stuffy. However, moving warm ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

_____________________________________ ________________ ____________________________________________ _______________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________ ____  air can increase heat loss through convection even without any change in temperature. Humidity is the moisture level in the air. High humidity environments have a lot of vapour in the air which prevents evaporation, causing it harder for temperature to cool in a hot environment. Clothing insulation very much affects the thermal comfort of a person. HSE states st ates that Wearing too much clothing or personal protective equipment equipment (PPE) may be a primary cause of heat stress even if the environment is not considered warm or hot. The layers can be removed when the environment temperature is high. The metabolic rate is the heat we produce from our bodies via physical activity. The higher intensity of work we do, the more heat we produce. The physical characteristics of a person such as their fitness level, age, weight and gender should also be taken into consideratio consideration n as this affects the metabolic rate produced.

2.2 Sustainable Thermal Comfort The definition of sustainable is to be capable of being maintained at a safety level without exhausting natural resources or causing severe ecological damage. Thermal comfort can be sustained by design heating, ventilating and air conditioning conditioning (HVAC) systems to meet the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, Thermal Comfort Conditions for Human Occupancy. To have a sustainable thermal comfort in a building is to have openings in semiclosed or closed areas to allow air movement. Moreover, Saberi (2009) reported that vegetated walls, permanently mounted exterior exterior ceiling or water ffeatures eatures can also help to achieve this.

3.0 Overview of the building materials used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 The Belum Rainforest Resort is designed with the intentions of achieving an ecofriendly getaway for nature-lovers and holiday-goers. holiday-goers. The contemporary contemporary and traditional design of Phase 2 is divided into 2 types, Deluxe Suite and Traditional Chalet.

The Deluxe Suite is a lavish modern setting with concrete as the main material. The walls and floors of the Deluxe Suite are all constructed using concrete. The pathway leading the visitors to the rooms are paved with cement.

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

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Figure 1: View of Deluxe Suite (Source: Ng, 2014)

 As shown in Figure Figure 1, the entrance of of the Deluxe Suite Suite has a rammed earth earth wall placed opposite the entrance door for additional privacy to the t he user. The rammed earth wall is a wall using raw materials and is non-toxic, non-polluting and non-combustible. It is a sustainable building material that is durable, low maintenance and environmentally sound material.

Figure 2: View of Traditional Chalet (Source: Ng, 2014)

The Traditional Chalet is the recreation of a traditional 'kampung' house in a contemporary setting. It is designed to bring in the experience of traditional elements into our ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

_____________________________________ ________________ ____________________________________________ _______________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________ ____  modern day. The Traditional Chalet shown in Figure 2 is constructed mostly using timber. Timber is a natural building material and it is easy to work with. In order to make timber t imber from wood, very little energy is need as the embodied energy in timber is one of the lowest. Moreover, timber provides aesthetic value to a building. The variation of timber is wide and timber can be selected according to a building's needs, such as heat isolation in order to improve thermal comfort.

Figure 3: View of timber and glass window panel (Source: Ling, 2014)

 As shown in Figure Figure 3, the Traditional Traditional Chalet's front front facade is constructed constructed with a timber framed glass sliding door. The glass panels of the glass door offers view of the lake.  As the sliding door door is located at the balcony, balcony, viewing viewing to the lake, the sliding sliding door is able able to bring in the nature from the outdoors inside the chalet. The glass panels of the sliding door also allows the natural light into the interior space, allowing the building to be energy efficient. The sliding door is environmentally friendly as it is made from wood. In addition, installing sliding door to a space is an addition of aesthetic value. This practical design is lustrous and effortless that harmonises the outdoor and the indoor while providing a good view.

3.1 Insulation Materials  As concrete is widely widely used in the Deluxe Suite Suite of Belum Rainforest Rainforest Resort Phase 2 as shown in Figure 5, the concrete wall acts as a thermal t hermal mass. This causes the heat to take ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

_____________________________________ ________________ ____________________________________________ _______________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________ ____  a longer time to penetrate the thick wall. As the temperature get higher during the day, the sunlight warms the wall. The absorbed heat will then be given out gradually when the temperature get lower during the night shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Heat is absorbed during the day, and given out at night. (Source: YourHome, 2013) The dense concrete have a higher heat capacity per unit volume which provides a high thermal mass. According to GreenBuildingAdvisor GreenBuildingAdvisor (2013) researchers have found that hot-climate homes with high-mass exterior walls require less energy for air conditioning than low-mass wood-framed homes with similar levels of wall insulation.

Figure 5: The construction progress of Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 (Source: Lily, 2012) 2012)   ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

_____________________________________ ________________ ____________________________________________ _______________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________ ____  The use of heavy weight material like concrete, which has a large thermal capacity, would delay the time when the heat is transferred into the building by up to 6 hours, resulting in a reduction of peak internal temperatures by 3-4 C. Although steel also has a high density, it is not used in as much as quantity as concrete, and also its thermal capacity is about half that of concrete. For thermal storage to perform effectively, the materials with high thermal mass should be visible to a large area within the room. This usually means the soffit of the concrete slab. To increase the surface area of the soffit, corrugated forms of concrete construction are sometimes used.

Figure 6: Rammed earth wall found at the Deluxe Suite (Source: Author)

The thickness and density of the rammed earth wall (Figure 6) can also reduce unpleasant noises, as well as provide insulation. The rammed wall acts as a added protection layer at the front of the Deluxe Suite. This slows down the transfer of heat

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

_____________________________________ ________________ ____________________________________________ _______________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________ ____ 

Figure 7: Timber is seen being widely used in the Traditional Chalet (Source: Author)

 As shown in Figure Figure 7, the traditional traditional chalet is bui built lt mainly using using timber. Timber can be seen being used on the roof, walls and flooring. f looring. As compared with other materials, timber has low thermal conductivity, this improves the building building envelope with high resistance to heat flow which benefits the overall thermal comfort of the building. Timber has a considerable considerabl e volumetric heat capacity, this reduces the building energy use and improv improve e thermal comfort as the thermal mass absorbs and stores heat from the indoors and only releasing it later. Another Another quality of timber is its capabi capability lity to absorb moisture. This reduce fluctuations in indoor relative humidity resulting in improved thermal comfort, perceived air quality and occupant health. health.   The sliding door used at the facade of the Traditional Chalet acts as a weather and sound barrier. It provides thermal insulation as it is made from wood. The T he glass panels of the sliding door are glazed and this reduces harmful UV rays and heat penetration which helps with the thermal comfort. The sliding doors are energy efficient as it prevents energy loss.

3.2 Thermal Effects of Building Materials Thermal effects are caused by the distribution of internal energy in a building material. The building material will assume to its equilibrium. The materials are usually categorised into 4 types: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Wood and concrete are under the category of composites. Polymers are more sensitive to temperature

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

_____________________________________ ________________ ____________________________________________ _______________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________ ____  compared to metals. Yet, polymers now are declared as handicap as they have low softening temperature. Composites are the most natural materials.

3.3 Measurement of thermal performance in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 Energy and carbon savings can be made by improving the thermal performance of the building. By effectively insulating the building, carbon emissions is reduced up to 80%. The effectiveness of the building element is determined by the building thermal performance. The rate of heat escaping from the inside of a building to the outside is described as thermal transmittance. That is the U-value used to measure the rate of heat transfer. The lower the U-value, the more thermally efficient a material is which helps improves the thermal comfort of the user.

MPA (2009) stated that part L of the Building Regulations and its associated compliance tools (SAP & SBEM) account for thermal mass using k-values (kJ/m2K), which provide a gauge of thermal capacity per square meter of floor or wall.

To know the effectiveness of a building material, material, it is to t o measure the length of time to get heat in and out of the material and the rate of heat flow at its surface. The effectiveness of the materials helps the productivity and sustainability sustainability of society by energy savings.  savings. 

3.4 Roofing Materials The function of a roof is to enclose the space to protect the space from weather. A well built roof offers protection for the building and prevents deterioration. The roof used in the Deluxe Suite Phase 2 of Belum Rainforest Resort is a flat roof. It is constructed using reinforce concrete (RCC). Gopi (2010) stated that the t he construction on flat roof is similar to the construction of floors except that the top t op surface is protected against rainwater. The construction and maintenance of the flat roof is simpler and the t he space can be used as a terrace, it also provides an enhanced architectural appearance to the building. By using the spaces on top of the flat f lat roof, it possesses better insulating properties. properties. However, a flat roof cannot be used for long spans without using columns and beams.

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

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Figure 8: Couple roof is used in Traditional Chalet (Source: Ng, 2014) The roof used in the Traditional Chalet is a couple roof (Figure 8). It is constructed using timber as wood is easily available in abundance. Due to its pointed top, the roof space cannot be used for other purposes (Figure 9). However, it is eff efficient icient at draining the rainwater off the roof. The couple roof can also have added insulation in order to achieve thermal comfort.

Figure 9: Couple roof (Source: FAS, n.d.)

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

_____________________________________ ________________ ____________________________________________ _______________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________ ____  4.0 Building Strategy Building design strategy is the method of design and construction that effectively achieves a requirement, such as thermal comfort. The building design strate strategy gy is a long term plan with intentions to achieve the aim of the building.

4.1 Site location The importance of site planning is the relationship of the site and the building itself. The continuity of the Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 building design is reflected onto the site. It is important to take advantage of natural ventilation and prevailing wind patterns. Issues such as solar access is addressed during the process of site selection.

4.1.2 Orientation Building orientation is the direction of the building is facing. f acing. When done effectively, this will provide the building with passive thermal and visual comfort. The T he purpose to rotate the building is to minimize energy loads and maximise free energy from the sun and wind.  As the Belum Rainforest Rainforest Resort Phase Phase 2 is located at the hilly side side of the island, it is essential that the orientation of the building takes advantage of the site conditions, such as prevailing winds.

4.2 Design Feature  Adding an overhang overhang provides provides shade. A shaded surface has a modified radiation radiation incident. Overhangs are used to block unwanted direct sunlight from entering openings.

  Figure 10: Shows the overhang installed in a building (Source: Overhan Overhang g help, n.d.)

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

_____________________________________ ________________ ____________________________________________ _______________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________ ____   An overhang (Figure (Figure 10) can bloc block k up to 90% of the heat heat just by shading shading a building building and its outdoor spaces. This improves thermal comfort and saves energy. The glass and timber sliding doors located at the Traditional Chalet are also shaded by its couple roof which prevents unnecessary heat gain as glass usually have large source of heat entering a space.

Figure 11: Diagram showing wind entering into a space through the openings (Source: YourHome, 2013)

Openings offer maximum daylight use. Openings also provide ventilation as shown in Figure 11. This 2 characteristics of openings contribu contributes tes to thermal t hermal comfort of the user.

Figure 12: Tree acting as shading device (Source: YourHome, 2013)

Landscaping Landscapin g is also an important feature. The maximise use of existing trees (Figure 12) and other vegetation to shade buildings, walkways or open areas is able to reduce heat in the surrounding area. ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

_____________________________________ ________________ ____________________________________________ _______________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________ ____  4.2.1 Vegetated roofing system

Figure 12: View of Roof Garden (Source: Hoo, 2014) 2014 )

Figure 12 shows the roofing space is converted into a space ffor or growing plants. The vegetated roofing system provides greater performance and roof insulation. As the green roof act as a barrier on top of the building, the plants that are exposed to sunlight then carry out photosynthesis photosynthesis and evapotranspiration evapotranspiration which reduces the amount of solar energy absorbed by the roof membrane.

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

_____________________________________ ________________ ____________________________________________ _______________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________ ____  4.2.2 Natural Ventilation Natural Ventilation is caused by prevailing wind that exchanges air between the interior and the outside of a building.

N

Entrance

Figure 13: Floor plan of Deluxe Suite (Source: Belum Rainforest Resort, 2014)

 As shown in Figure Figure 13, the entrance entrance of the Deluxe Suite Suite is facing West, which is facing the lake. Therefore, natural ventilation is present as prevailing wind can enter the Deluxe Suite through the openings and provide natural ventilation.

N Balcony

Figure 14: Floor plan of Traditional Chalet (Source: Belum Rainforest Resort, 2014)

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

_____________________________________ ________________ ____________________________________________ _______________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________ ____   As shown in Figure Figure 14, the balcony balcony of the Traditional Traditional Chalet is facing facing West. The sliding doors are located between the interior and the balcony space. The prevailing wind is able to enter the interior and provide natural ventilation as long as the openings of the Traditional Chalet is not closed.

Using the forces of wind and buoyancy, the air can move naturally through the entrance of the Deluxe Suite and the t he balcony of the Traditional Chalet. It is important to have natural ventilation into a space to improve interior air quality. This helps maintain a comfortable thermal environment. The reduced use of mechanical heating and cooling saves energy and reduces green house gas emissions. A natural ventilated space provides user with a healthy and comfortable environment.

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

_____________________________________ ________________ ____________________________________________ _______________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________ ____  5.0 Conclusion  After this study, it is concluded concluded that the usage usage of the building building materials and and the building design strategy in the Belum Rainforest Phase 2 tremendously contributes to the thermal comfort of the user. The materials used were carefully selected with the intention of fulfilling the eco-tourism concept and this has also made the building sustainable. sustainable. Furthermore, the building strategy of Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 is cautiously planned to minimise environmental environmenta l impact but maximise user experience. By successfully achieving this 2 architectural components, the Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 is thermally comfortable.

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

_____________________________________ ________________ ____________________________________________ _______________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________ ____  6.0 References Couple roof [Photograph]. (n.d.). Retrieved June 3, 2014 from http://designadvisor.mit.edu/Desi http://designadv isor.mit.edu/Design/help/ove gn/help/overhang.html rhang.html English Heritage. (n.d.). ASSESSING (n.d.). ASSESSING THERMAL THERMAL PERFORMANCE  PERFORMANCE . Retrieved June 8, 2014, from http://www.en from  http://www.english-heritage glish-heritage.org.uk/professio .org.uk/professional/research/bui nal/research/buildings/ene ldings/energyrgyefficiency/thermal-performance-o efficiency/thermal -performance-of-traditional f-traditional-walls/ -walls/ GreenBuildingAdvisor. (2013). Retrieved from GreenBuildingAdvisor. http://www.greenbuildingad http://www.greenb uildingadvisor.com/blogs visor.com/blogs/dept/musings/al /dept/musings/all-about-therma l-about-thermal-mass l-mass HSE. (n. d.). Six basic factors. factors. Retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/temperature http://www.hse.gov .uk/temperature/thermal/factors.htm#a /thermal/factors.htm#airtemp irtemp Martinez. (2014). THERMAL EFFECTS ON MATERIALS. Retrieved June 6, 2014 from http://webserver.dmt.upm.es/~isidoro http://webserver.dm t.upm.es/~isidoro/ot1/Thermal% /ot1/Thermal%20effects%20on 20effects%20on%20materials.pd %20materials.pdff MPA. (2009). Thermal mass. Retrieved June 7, 2014, from http://www.concretecentre.com/techn http://www.concrete centre.com/technical_informa ical_information/performan tion/performance_and_be ce_and_benefits/thermal_m nefits/thermal_m ass.aspx NZ Wood. (n.d.). Retrieved June 2, 2014, from http://nzwood.gpub.co.nz/l http://nzwood.gpub.co.nz/learningearningcentre/timber-performance/therma centre/timber-pe rformance/thermal/timber-perfor l/timber-performance-thermal mance-thermal// Rammed Earth Construction. (2014.). Benefits of building in rammed earth. earth. Retrieved from http://www.rammedearthconstructions.com.au/ REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM. (2005). Wooden Houses of Anatoli. Retrieved from  from http://www.kultu http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,35285/w r.gov.tr/EN,35285/wood-as-a-build ood-as-a-buildingingmaterial-its-benefits-and-disad material-its-bene fits-and-disadvanta-.html vanta-.html Saberi, O. (2009). Thermal Comfort & Green Buildings. Buildings. Retrieved from "Green Retrofit" Conference: http://www.sesamuae.com/greenbuilding/pre uae.com/greenbu ilding/presantation/10.%2 santation/10.%20Dr.%20Ommi 0Dr.%20Ommid%20Saberi d%20Saberi,%20WSP.pdf ,%20WSP.pdf

[Untitled photograph of shading]. (2013). Shading. Retrieved from June 9, 2014, from http://www.yourhome.gov.au/pas http://www.you rhome.gov.au/passive-design/sha sive-design/shading ding [Untitled photograph of day and night thermal mass]. (2013). Thermal Mass. Retrieved from June 9, 2014, from http://www.yourhome.gov.au/p http://www.yourhome.gov.au/passive-design/the assive-design/thermal-mass rmal-mass [Untitled photograph of Deluxe Suite]. (2014) Retrieved June 10, 2014, from https://www.facebook.com/photo.php? https://www.facebo ok.com/photo.php?fbid=1015230 fbid=10152305886520798 5886520798&set=oa.1437 &set=oa.14377623864693 76238646934 4 5&type=3&theater [Untitled photograph of concrete construction]. (2012). Retrieved June 1, 2014, from http://anythinglily.blogspot.com/20 http://anythinglil y.blogspot.com/2012/11/belu 12/11/belum-rainforest-resor m-rainforest-resort-part-1-resort.ht t-part-1-resort.html ml

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Study of the design strategy and the building material used in Belum Rainforest Resort Phase 2 to achieve thermal comfort.

_____________________________________ ________________ ____________________________________________ _______________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________________ ____  [Untitled photograph of roof garden]. (2014). Retrieved June 10, 2014, from f rom https://www.facebook.com/photo.php? https://www.facebo ok.com/photo.php?fbid=101520 fbid=101520718596431 71859643111&set=oa.143 11&set=oa.143767155314 767155314509 509 5&type=3&theater [Untitled photograph of overhang diagram]. diagram]. (n.d.). Retrieved June 5, 2014 from http://designadvisor.mit.edu/Desi http://designadv isor.mit.edu/Design/help/overha gn/help/overhang.html ng.html [Untitled photograph of Traditional Chalet]. (2014). Retrieved June 9, 2014 from https://www.facebook.com/photo.php? https://www.facebo ok.com/photo.php?fbid=848244 fbid=848244391858194 391858194&set=oa.14377 &set=oa.14377752898013 75289801388 88 &type=3&theater [Ground Floor plan of Deluxe Deluxe Suite]. (2014). Retrieved from June 9, 2014 from http://www.belumresort.com/index.html [Floor plan of Traditional Chalet]. (2014). Retrieved from June 9, 2014 from http://www.belumresort.com/index.html

[Untitled photograph of tree as shade]. (2013). Shading. Retrieve Retrieved d from June 9, 2014, from http://www.yourhome.gov.au/pas http://www.you rhome.gov.au/passive-design/sha sive-design/shading ding

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