Assessmen 1678 T
Content
SMK SULAIMAN, BENTONG 28700.
CURRENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE AND LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN ICT (2013) Name : Harikrishna Ram S/O Veerannathan. IC No. 970416-56-5265
Class : 4 RK Beta.
Teacher : Pn. Suhaidha Binti Sulaiman.
LA2.S05.1 The Latest Open Source Software Available and the Latest Development in ICT
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INDEX Title Number
Page Number
1
1.0 Introduction.
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2
2.0 The Latest Open Source Operating System.
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3
2.1 Meaning of Open Source Operating System. S ystem.
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4
2.2 Examples of Open Source Operating Systems. S ystems.
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3.0 The Latest Open Source Application Software.
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6
3.1 Meaning of Open Source Application Software.
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7
3.2 Examples of Open source Application Software.
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4.0 The Latest Development in Info Computer Tech.
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9
4.1 Hardware (Comparison of the Previous & Latest production.)
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10
4.2 Software (Comparison of the Previous & Latest production.) production.)
9 - 10
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5.0 Pervasive Computing.
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12
5.1 Meaning of Pervasive Computing.
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13
5.2 Examples of Pervasive Computing.
12 - 13
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6.0 Conclusion.
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7.0 References.
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1.0 Introduction Meaning of Open Source Software (OSS)
Open
source
software
(OSS)
is
defined
as
computer
software
for
which
the
source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that meets the Open Source Definition or that is in the public domain. This permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms. forms.
Meaning of Hardware
A computer's hardware consists of the physical components necessary to operate and interact with a computer. Since a computer's primary language is binary, devices are necessary to convert our input into that language. The binary code coming out of the computer must also be translated into something usable for the operator. operator. Meaning of Software
Software is often divided into two categories: categories:
1. System software: Includes the operating system and all the utilities that enables the computer to function. function.
2. Application software: Includes programs that do real work for users.For example, word processors, spreadsheets, and database management systems fall under the category of applications software.
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2.0 The Latest Open Source Operating System.
2.1 Meaning of Open Source OS
Open Source Operating System is the most important program that runs on a computer that is free to use, change, and improve the software, and to t o redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to run other programs. Operating systems s ystems perform basic ba sic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and a nd printers.
2.2 Examples of Open Source OS UBUNTU 13.04 (RARING RINGTAIL) (RELEASED ON 25TH APRIL 2013)
An operating system with Linux kernel based on Debian and distributed as free and open source software. softwar e. Ubuntu uses the Unity Desktop as its default desktop environment. It is named after the Southern African philosophy of of ubuntu ubuntu,, which can be translated as "humanity towards others" or "the belief in a universal bond of sharing that connects all humanity". As of 2012, according ac cording to online surveys, Ubuntu is the most popular Linux distribution on desktop/laptop personal computers, and most Ubuntu coverage focuses on its use in that market. However, it is also popular on servers and for cloud computing. Development of Ubuntu is led by Canonical Ltd., a UK-based company owned by South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth. Canonical generates revenue through the sale of technical support and services related to Ubuntu. According to Canonical, the Ubuntu project is committed to the principles of open source development; people are encouraged to use free software, improve it, and distribute it.
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LINUX KERNEL 3.10.1 (Released On 30 June 2013)
A Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open source software development and distribution. The defining component of Linux is the Linux kernel ,an operating system kernel first released on 5 October 1991, by Linux Dorval’s Dorval’s.. Since the C compiler that builds Linux and the main supporting user space system tools and libraries originated in the GNU Project, Project , initiated initi ated in i n 1983 by Richard Stallman, the Free Software Foundation prefers the name GNU/Linux GNU/Linux.. Linux was originally developed as a free operating system s ystem for Intel x86-based personal computers. It has since been ported to more computer hardware platforms than any other operating system. It is a leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers and supercomputers: more than 90% of today's 500 fastest supercomputers run some variant of Linux, including the 10 fastest. Linux also runs on embedded systems (devices where the operating system is typically built into the firmware and highly tailored to the system) such as mobile phones ,tablet computers, network routers, building automation controls, televisions and video game consoles; the Android system in wide use on mobile devices is built on the Linux kernel. The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration: the underlying source code may be used, modified, and distributed — commercially or non-commercially — by anyone under licenses such as the GNU General Public License. Typically Linux is packaged in a format known as a Linux distribution for desktop and server use. Some popular mainstream Linux distributions include Debian (and its derivatives such as Ubuntu and Linux Mint), Red Hat Enterprise Linux (and its derivatives such as Fedora and Cent OS), Mandriva / Mageia , open SUSE (and its commercial derivative SUSE Linux Enterprise Server), and Arch Linux. Linux distributions include the Linux kernel, supporting utilities and libraries and usually a large amount of application software to full fill the distribution's intended use. A distribution oriented toward desktop use will typically include the X Window System and an accompanying desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE Plasma. Some such distributions may include a less resource intensive desktop such as LXDE or Xface for use on older or less powerful computers. A distribution intended to run as a server may omit all graphical environments from the standard install and instead include other software such as the Apache HTTP Server and an SSH server such as Open SSH.
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3.0 The Latest Open Source Application Software
3.1 Meaning of Open Source Application Software
Open Source Application Software (also called as end-user programs) includes database programs, word processors, and spreadsheets. It is free to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms.
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3.2 Examples of Open Source Application Software
Apache Open Office (AOO) 4.0.0 (Released On July 23 2013)
Is
an open-
source
office
productivity
software
suite.
It
descends
from OpenOffice.org (OOo), which was an open-sourced version of the earlier Star Office. Open Office contains a word processor (Writer), a spreadsheet (Calc), a presentation application (Impress), a drawing application (Draw), formula editor (Math), and a database management application (Base). Open Office's default file format is the Open Document Format (ODF), an ISO/IEC standard, which originated with OpenOffice.org. It can also read a wide variety of other file formats, with particular attention to those from Microsoft Office. Apache Open Office is developed for Linux, OS X and Windows, with ports to other operating systems. It is distributed distr ibuted under the Apache License.
Squirrel Mail
Is an Open Source project that provides both a web-based email application and an IMAP proxy server.The webmail portion of the project was started by Nathan and Luke
Ehresman in 1999 and is written in PHP. It can be installed on almost all web servers as long as PHP is present and the web server has access to an IMAP and SMTP server. Squirrel Mail webmail outputs valid HTML 4.0 for its presentation, making it compatible with a majority of current web browsers. Squirrel Mail webmail uses a plugin architecture to accommodate additional features around the core application, and over 200 plugins are available on the Squirrel Mail website. The Squirrel Mail IMAP proxy server product was created in 2002 by Dave Mc Murtrie while at the University of Pittsburgh (where it was named "up-imapproxy", although it has become more commonly known as "imapproxy") and adopted by the Squirrel Mail team in 2010.It is written in in C and is primarily made to provide stateful connections for stateless webmail client software to an IMAP server, thus avoiding new IMAP logins for every client action and in some cases cas es significantly improving webmail performance. Licensed under the GNU General Public License, both Squirrel Mail products are free software. The webmail product is currently available in over 50 languages. Squirrel Mail webmail is included in the repositories of many major GNU/Linux distributions and is independently downloaded by tens of thousands of people every month.
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4.0 The Latest Development in ICT 4.1 Hardware
iPad 4 (Released on November 2 2012)
There are four buttons and one switch on the iPad, including incl uding a "home" button near the display that returns the user to the home screen, and three aluminum buttons on the right side and top: wake/sleep and volume up and volume down, down, plus a software-controlled switch whose function varies with software updates. The tablet is manufactured either with or without the capability to communicate over a cellular network. All models can connect to a wireless LAN via Wi-Fi. The iPad is available with 16, 32, 64 GB of internal flash memory, with no expansion option. Apple sells a "camera connection kit" with an SD cardreader, but it can only be used to transfer photos and videos. The iPad features partially the same hardware as the iPad 4. Both screens have resolutions of 1024 x 768, but the iPad has a smaller screen and thus higher pixel density than iPad 3 (163 PPI vs 132 PPI).Unlike the iPad 2, it has 5 MP and 1.2 MP cameras and the Lightning connector. The system-on-chip is A5, which is the same one found in the later revision of the iPad 2 (32 nm). The audio processor is the same found in iPhone 5 and iPad 4th generation, which allows the iPad Mini to have Siri and voice dictation unlike the iPad 2. The graphics processor (GPU) of the iPad Mini is the same one found found in the iPad (Power VR SGX543MP2).
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4.2 Software
iOS 6 (Released on September 6 2012)
Two notable apps that iOS 6 removed by default are Google Maps and YouTube. The builtin Maps app uses Apple's new vector-based engine that eliminates the lag present while downloading bitmaps from Google's servers, making for smoother zooming. New to Maps is turn-by-turn navigation spoken directions in certain countries, 3D views in some major cities and real-time traffic.Turn-by-turn navigation is only available for iPhone 4S or later and iPad 2 or later with cellular capability, while 3D views are only available for iPhone 4S or later, fifth-generation iPod Touch, and iPad 2 and later. Another change includes the inability to download Podcasts through the regular iTunes application. Instead, users are prompted to download the official Podcasts App in order to continue. iOS
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brings
the
retrieval
of
documents
such
as boarding
passes,
admission tickets, coupons and loyalty cards through its new Passbook app. An iOS device with Passbook can be scanned under a reader to process a mobile payment at participating locations. The app has context-aware features such as notifications for relevant coupons when in the immediate vicinity of a given store.
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Apple’s Siri intelligent personal assistant ass istant was improved to include the t he ability to make restaurant reservations, launch apps, dictate Facebook or Twitter updates, retrieve movie reviews and detailed sports statistics. Siri, which previously was only supported on iPhone 4S, is also now supported on iPhone 5, fifth-generation iPod Touch, third- through fourthgeneration iPad and iPad Mini. Facebook comes integrated through Apple’s native apps with iOS 6. Facebook features can Facebook comes be directly accessed from within native apps such as Calendar which can sync Facebook events, or use Facebook’s like button from within the Apple App Store. New privacy settings are available to the user. In addition to location services, the ffollowing ollowing have been added in iOS 6: photos (already partially restricted in iOS 5), contacts (address book), calendars, reminders, Bluetooth sharing, Twitter, Facebook, and Sina Weibo. iOS 6 also comes with a "Limit ad tracking" user control in the general settings menu to allow users the option to prevent targeted advertising. advertisi ng. Apple's Advertising Identifier replaces the company’s existing UDID standard. Advertising networks not yet using Apple's Advertising Identifier device identifier standard would not be affected although Apple will require the standard in the future.
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5.0 Pervasive Computing
5.1 Meaning of Pervasive Computing
The idea that technology is moving beyond the personal computer to everyday devices with embedded technology and connectivity as computing devices become progressively smaller and more powerful. Also called ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing is the result of computer technology advancing at exponential speeds - a trend toward all man-made and some natural products having hardware and software. Pervasive computing goes beyond the realm of personal computers. It is the idea that almost any device, from clothing to tools to appliances to cars to homes to the human body to your coffee mug, can be imbedded with chips to connect the device to an infinite network of other devices. The goal of pervasive computing, which combines current network technologies with wireless computing, voice recognition, Internet capability and artificial intelligence, is to create an environment where the connectivity of devices is embedded in such a way that the connectivity is unobtrusive and always available.
5.2 Examples of Pervasive Computing
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GPS Watch
A GPS watch is a device with integrated GPS receiver that is worn as a single unit strapped onto a wrist, in the manner of a watch. The watch can have other features and capabilities depending on its intended purpose. GPS watches are most often used for sports and fitness purposes. Many can connect to external sensors by the wireless ANT+ protocol, and/or to a computer by USB to transfer data and configuration. Common sensors used are heart rate monitors and footpods (running ( running cadence and speed s peed sensor). A foot pod can be used to supplement or replace GPS data, such as providing treadmill speed and distance for the watch to log and share .Recharging by USB is common place.
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NIKE+ FUELBAND
The Nike+ FuelBand is an activity tracker that is worn on the wrist. As part of the Quantified Self movement, the Fuelband allows the wearer to track their physical activity, steps taken daily, and amount of calories burned. The information from the wristband is integrated into the Nike+ online community and phone application, allowing the wearer to set their own fitness goals, monitor their progression, and compare themselves to others part of the community. Nike+ relies on the gamification of fitness activities turning all tracked movement into NikeFuel points, which can unlock achievements, can be shared with friends, or can be used to engage others in competition.
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6.0 Conclusion Open Source can be used by anyone and because it has no copyright claims, so users are free to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms. Pervasive Computing is to make our lives easier because we can interact with computers. Besides that, we can easily give the computer commands and the computer will grant your wish.
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7.0 Reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iPad4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iOS6 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPSWatch http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike+FuelBand
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