Automation Substation Guideline

Published on January 2017 | Categories: Documents | Downloads: 63 | Comments: 0 | Views: 445
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Contents
1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

Introduction to Power System Automation
Definition of the term What is power system automation? Power system automation architecture Summary

1
1 1 3 4

2
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8

Historical Development of Power System Automation
Introduction The electrical protection industry The electronic industry The switchgear industry The automation industry The computer industry The communications industry The measurement industry

7
7 7 10 10 10 12 13 13

3
3.1. 3.2 3.3 3.4

Overview of Power Networks
Introduction Power generation Power transmission Power distribution

15
15 16 17 18

4
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10

Fundamentals of Electrical Protection
The need for electrical protection Basic components of protection Overview of electrical faults Protection components Protection qualities Main functions of protection relays Specific applications Comparison of electromechanical relays and digital relays Microprocessor-based relays Advantages of Microprocessor-based relays

21
21 22 22 23 28 34 40 46 47 49

5
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5

Substation Automation Functions
Introduction The remote terminal unit Programmable logic controller Protection relays The intelligent electronic device

51
51 51 52 52 53

6
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6

Power System Automation Architectures
Introduction Types of power system automation architectures Architecture of HV substation automated systems Automation of MV substations High-Voltage Bay Control Unit Current and future trents in substation automation

57
57 64 69 73 77 79

7
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7

Trends in Current and Voltage Measurement
Introduction Conventional equipment Problems with these designs Modern measurement principles Conventional instrument transformer with digital output Pure optical sensors using Faraday principle Optical interconnection to IED

81
81 82 83 85 86 86 91

8
8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4

Communication in Power System Automation
Overview Distributed network protocol (DNP V3.0) Communication requirements Example of requirements

93
93 93 94 100

9
9.1 9.2

SCADA systems
Definition and background Requirements for the SCADA master station

101
101 102

10
10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9

Data communications Basics
Basic requirements of communication Communication topologies Communication techniques Media access control principles Ethernet media acess control (CSMA/CD) Full duplex ethernet Deterministic ethernet The OSI model Performance criteria

113
113 114 117 117 121 122 123 123 126

11
11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7

Communication Protocols
Introduction MODBUS and MODBUS TCP/IP Distributed Network Protocol 3.0 (DNP3) IEC60870-5-101 IEC 60870-5-103 MODBUS plus PROFIBUS

129
129 130 134 149 153 156 158

11.8 11.9 11.10 11.11

TCP/IP LonTalk UCA 2.0 (an overview) Standardization

161 167 168 169

12
12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10

IEC 61850 Standard
Introduction Communication needs in power systems Standard development within IEC TC57 Basic features and specification of SA systems Introducing IEC 61850 Data modeling Communication model in IEC 61850 Conformance testing Migration issues Benefits of IEC 61850

171
171 171 142 143 144 177 198 206 210 212

13
13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5. 13.6. 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.10

Network Security Issues
Remote access vulnerabilities Anatomy of a cyber-attack SCADA firewall goals General firewall policies Rules for specific services Network address translation (NAT) Specific SCADA network firewall issues Management of SCADA firewalls SCADA Protocol aware firewalls Quality of Service (QoS)

215
215 216 217 218 220 221 222 224 225 225

14
14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6

Review of Power System Automation Products
Introduction GE ABB SEL Siemens Alstom

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227 227 231 233 238 244

15
15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8

Implementation Issues
Justification Basic strategies Constraints Competence management Electrical protection Suppliers Power system automation and the Internet Summary

251
251 251 252 252 252 253 253 254

16
16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7

Trends in Current and Voltage Measurement
Introduction Conventional equipment Problems in these designs Modern measurement principles Conventional instrument transformer with digital output Pure optical sensors using Faraday's principle Optical connection to IED

255
255 256 257 259 260 260 265

Appendix A The Internet Appendix B IEC61850 Appendix C Basics of Data Communications

267 289 315

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