Back-To-School Vaccines- Know the Risks and Failures
Content
http://www.nvic.org/NVIC-Vaccine-News/August-2014/Backto-School-Vaccines--Know-the-Risks-and-Failur.aspx
Back-to-School Vaccines: Know
the Risks and Failures
Posted: 8/12/2014 11:25:52 AM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
feature=player_embedded&v=DAQyBrdcqV4
As summer comes to an end, the drumbeat promoting
back-to-school vaccinations grows louder and louder in
America. Unlike children in Canada and the European
Union,1 2 our children must get dozens of doses of
vaccines or they can’t get a public school education.3
No Shots, No School, No Exceptions
Over the past century, denial of a public school education
has been used like a club by public health and medical
trade officials demanding that state legislators enact “No
Shots, No School, No Exceptions” vaccine laws.4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 In 1914, children had to get one dose of
smallpox vaccine to go to school.13 In 2014, children
entering kindergarten must get a minimum of 29 doses of
9 vaccines.14 Babies enrolled in daycare get even more
vaccines.15
Medical Exemptions Rarely Granted
Parents in 48 states can file a religious or personal belief
vaccine exemption but some states make those
exemptions very hard to get.16 A medical exemption is
allowed in all states but doctors rarely grant them to
children anymore because almost all medical reasons for
delaying or withholding a vaccine have been eliminated.
17 18 19
Government and medical trade officials have narrowed
medical contraindications to vaccination after Congress
shielded doctors and vaccine manufacturers from vaccine
injury lawsuits.20 Today, even children with severely
compromised immune systems are given most vaccines.
21
Doctors Practicing Authoritarian Medicine
Now that everybody is a candidate for vaccination all the
time, liability free doctors have been given a green light
to practice authoritarian medicine.22 23 24 Distraught
parents are contacting NVIC and telling us that
pediatricians are dismissing their child’s vaccine reactions
as unimportant and refusing to make a report to the
federal vaccine adverse events reporting system. Mothers
describe how pediatricians are screaming at them if they
decline a vaccination or simply ask for fewer shots to be
given to their child on the same day.25
1
Recently, a member of the American Academy of
Pediatrics26 proclaimed publicly that he is justified in
getting angry at and discriminating against parents
disobeying his orders to give their children every
federally recommended vaccine on schedule27 which, by
the way, means 49 doses of 14 vaccines between day of
birth and age 6 with 20 more doses of vaccines by age
18.28
Calling those parents “a public health menace” and
comparing them to “substance abusers,” he refuses to
treat their children. He said – QUOTE - “That person is a
danger, not only to themselves but is a danger to society, a
danger to other children in my practice, a danger to old
people, a danger to everyone.”29
Pediatricians Exempt from Vaccine Injury Lawsuits
It is sad and frightening when doctors demonize and
threaten parents making thoughtful medical risk decisions
for their children. The American Academy of Pediatrics
knows that vaccines carry serious risks for some children
because AAP leaders successfully lobbied Congress to be
exempt from vaccine injury lawsuits.30 31
Some People More Susceptible to Vaccine Reactions
But even if $3 billion dollars in federal vaccine injury
compensation had not already been awarded to vaccine
victims in America,32 and even if the Institute of
Medicine had not published a series of reports confirming
that vaccines can cause injury and death,33 34 35 36 37
everybody knows that people do not all respond the same
way to pharmaceutical products38 like vaccines.
Each one of us is born with unique genes and a unique
microbiome39 influenced by epigenetics,40 which affects
how we respond to the different environments we live in.
Some of us are more susceptible to vaccine
complications.41 42 Public health officials have known
this for a long, long time.43 44
Learn How to Identify Vaccine Reactions
With so many pediatricians denying vaccine risks and
failures, it is even more important for parents to do their
own research. If your child is getting back-to-school
shots, you should know how to identify symptoms of a
vaccine reaction. Once your child has had a vaccine
reaction, revaccination may cause a more serious
reaction.45 Plus, you only have two years to file a claim
in the federal vaccine injury compensation program after
a vaccine-related death or three years after a vaccine
injury.46 47
A few of the more serious vaccine reaction symptoms are:
2
•
Convulsion or seizure symptoms include eyes
fluttering and rolling back in the head; twitching,
trembling, jerking, shaking or sudden rigidity of
one or more parts of the body.53 54 55 56
•
High Fever between 103 and 105 degrees F. or
more.48 49
•
High Pitched Screaming, also known as the
encephalitic cry, is described as a shrill scream,
shriek or wail that goes on for hours. Mothers
often say they have never heard this type of
crying before. Sometimes babies arch their backs
while screaming, which can be a sign of brain
inflammation.50
•
Collapse/Shock. The child may be pale, have
bluish lips and suddenly go limp and appear to be
unconscious.51 52
•
Excessive Sleepiness is when the child sleeps
deeply without moving for hours after
vaccination and does not respond to noise, touch
or light and cannot be easily awakened to eat.57
58 59
•
Brain Inflammation, also called encephalitis or
acute encephalopathy,has been recognized as a
very serious complication of vaccination since
the first vaccine for smallpox. Symptoms can
include convulsions, high-pitched screaming,
collapse, and hours of unconsciousness.60 61 62
63 64 65 66
•
Encephalopathy or chronic brain dysfunction
can include physical and mental regression,
dramatic personality and behavior changes, loss
of muscle control, speech and other abilities, or
the child may be unable to continue to meet
developmental milestones.67 68 69 70 71
Vaccine Reactions May Take A Week or Longer to
Appear
This is not a full list of vaccine reaction symptoms and
there are other types of reactions affecting immune and
brain function involving the skin,72 73 74 joints,75 76
blood77 78 and other parts of the body that can be
warning signs a child may be sensitive to one or more
vaccines. Some reactions develop within hours of
vaccination while others, like convulsions following
MMR vaccination, can take a week or more to appear.79
Review Vaccine Manufacturer Information & Vaccine
Ingredients
Before vaccination, read the vaccine manufacturer’s
product inserts so you are aware of the types of serious
health problems reported in pre-licensure clinical trials
and during post-marketing surveillance.80 Take a look at
vaccine ingredients as well, because some children are
allergic to antibiotics, gelatin, MSG, Thimerosal, yeast,
egg protein and other vaccine ingredients.81 82
Vaccine Immunity Not Permanent: Pertussis Vaccine
Failures
Parents also need to know that vaccine acquired
immunity is not permanent and fully vaccinated children
can still get and transmit infectious diseases.83 Vaccine
failures and waning immunity is a real problem for
vaccines like B. pertussis,84 85 also known as whooping
cough. The FDA reported last year that vaccinated
persons still can be infected with and transmit pertussis,
sometimes without even showing any symptoms.86 The
majority of children in many pertussis outbreaks have
been vaccinated.87 88
Learn Symptoms of Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
Signs of B. pertussis whooping cough range from a low
fever, loss of appetite and a mild cough to violent
paroxysmal coughing with choking and vomiting of large
amounts of sticky mucus for many weeks.89 Small
infants can suffer brain damage or die from pertussis if
they cannot clear mucus clogging their airways.90
Understanding vaccine risks and failures is a vital part of
conscious parenting today.
Ask 8 Questions Before Vaccination
At NVIC.org:
•
You can find well-referenced information about
vaccines and diseases, including vaccine
manufacturer product inserts, and a brochure that
lists 8 questions you should ask yourself before
your child is vaccinated;
•
You can review vaccine reaction reports made to
the federal vaccine adverse events reporting
system.
•
You can read testimonials on the Cry for Vaccine
Freedom Wall by Americans describing how they
are being persecuted when they try to make
informed, voluntary decisions about vaccination
for themselves and their children.
•
You can signup for the free online NVIC
Advocacy Portal and work to secure informed
consent protections in your state’s vaccine laws.
It is really important to find an intelligent, enlightened
doctor you can trust, who treats you with respect and your
child with compassion. Plan to spend at least as much
time empowering yourself with information and carefully
thinking about vaccines and diseases as you do when you
buy a new car or a new home.
It’s your health. Your family. Your choice.
_________________________
References:
1 Vaccination Risk Awareness Network (VRAN).
Exemptions from vaccination (Canada). 2014.
3
2 Haverkate M., D’Ancona F, Giambi C et al. Mandatory
and Recommended Vaccination in the EU, Iceland and
Norway: Results of the VENICE 2010 Survey on the
Ways of Implementing National Vaccination
Programmes. Euro Surveill 2012; 17(22).
Tetanus, Pertussis, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Hepatitis
B, Varicella Zoster, HIB, Pneumococcal, Meningococcal,
Hepatitis A vaccines). July 29, 2014.
16 NVIC. State Law and Vaccine Requirements: State
Vaccine Exemptions. NVIC.org August 2014.
3 Immunization Action Coalition (IAC). State mandates
on immunization and vaccine-preventable diseases. July
29, 2014.
17 Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Vaccines and
Immunizations: Chart of Contraindications and
Precautions to Commonly Used Vaccines. July 7, 2014.
4 Orenstein WA, Hinman AR. The immunization system
in the United States – the role of school immunization
laws. Vaccine 1999; 17 (Suppl 3): 19-24.
18 CDC. Conditions Commonly Misperceived as
Contraindications to Vaccination. July 7, 2014.
5 Hinman AR, Orenstein WA Schuchat A. Vaccine
Preventable Diseases, Immunization and MMWR
1961-2011. MMWR 2011; 60(04): 49-57.
6 American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP).
Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society Rejects ‘Personal
Belief’ Immunization Exemptions. AAFP News May 4,
2011.
7 Fisher BL. Americans Fight for Vaccine Choices:
Philosophical Exemption to Vaccination Saved in
Vermont. NVIC Newsletter May 14, 2012.
8 Fisher BL. Turning Vaccine Exemptions Into Class
Warfare. NVIC Newsletter Sept. 14, 2012.
9 Association of State and Territorial Health Officials
(ASTHO). Immunization Resource Guide. 2013.
10 Association of Immunization Managers (AIM).
Position Statement on Personal Belief Exemptions from
State Vaccination Mandates.Jan. 21, 2014.
11 American Academy of Pediatrics. State Advocacy
Focus Childhood Immunizations. AAP Position. April
2014.
12 NVIC. Colorado Hearing on House Bill 1288 to
Restrict Personal Belief Exemption to Vaccination. NVIC
Newsletter May 20, 2014.
13 Jackson CL. State Laws on Compulsory Immunization
in the United States. Public Health Reports 1969; 84(9):
77-795.
14 Immunization Action Coalition (IAC). State mandates
on immunization and vaccine-preventable diseases. (State
vaccine mandates for kindergarten: Polio, Diphtheria,
Tetanus, Pertussis, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Hepatitis
B, Varicella Zoster vaccines). July 29, 2014.
15 Immunization Action Coalition (IAC). State mandates
on immunization and vaccine-preventable diseases. (State
vaccine mandates for childcare: Polio, Diphtheria,
19 Stadlin S, Bednarczyk RA, Omer SB. Medical
Exemptions to School Immunization Requirements in the
United States – Association of State Policies with
Medical Exemption Rates (2004-2011). J Infect Dis Aug.
29, 2012.
20 Fisher BL. Find a Compassionate Doctor to Help You
Prevent Vaccine Injuries. NVIC Newsletter Aug. 26, 2012.
21 Rubin LG, Levin MJ, Ljungman P et al. 2013 IDSA
(Infectious Diseases Society of America) Guidelines for
Vaccination of Immunocompromised Host. Clin Infect
Dis 2013.
22 Frosch DL, May SG, Rendle KAS et al. Authoritarian
Physicians and Patients’ Fear of Being Labeled
“Difficult” Among Key Obstacles to Shared Decision
Making. Health Affairs August 2014; 33(8): 1030-1038.
23 Pestell R, Ball JRB. Authoritarianism Among
Medicine and Law Students. Australian and New Zealand
Journal of Psychiatry 1991; 25(2): 265-269.
24 The Free Dictionary. Definition of the Authoritarian
Personality: A personality pattern reflecting a desire for
security, order, power and status, with a desire for
structured lines of authority, a conventional set of values
or outlook, a demand for unquestioning obedience and a
tendency to be hostile toward or use as scapegoats
individuals of minority or nontraditional groups.
American Heritage Medical Dictionary 2007.
25 NVIC.org. Cry for Vaccine Freedom Wall.
26 HG.org. Hershel R. Lessin, M.D., Pediatric Medical
Malpractice Expert Witness. HG.org Legal Resources.
Accessed Aug. 8, 2014.
27 Gupta S. Harsh Treatment for Vaccine Refusers.
Everyday Health July 28, 2014.
28 CDC. Recommended Immunization Schedule for
Persons Aged 0 Through 18 Years – United States, 2014.
4
29 Gupta S. Harsh Treatment for Vaccine Refusers.
Everyday Health July 28, 2014
30 Institute of Medicine. The Children’s Vaccine
Initiative: Achieving the Vision. National Vaccine Injury
Compensation Program: Background and Filing A Claim
Under NVICP (Pg. 160-161). National Academies Press
1993.
31 Holland M. Reconsidering Compulsory Childhood
Vaccination. The 1986 Law (Pg. 21-22). NewYork
University Public Law and Legislative Theory Working
Papers 2010. Paper 226.
32 Health Resources Services Administration (HRSA).
National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program Statistics
Report – July 1, 2014.
33 Institute of Medicine Vaccine Safety
Committee.Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella
Vaccines. Washington, DC. The National Academies
Press 1991.
34 Institute of Medicine Vaccine Safety Committee.
Adverse Events Association with Childhood Vaccines:
Evidence Bearing on Causality. Neurologic Disorders.
Washington, D.C. The National Academies Press 1994.
35 Institute of Medicine. DPT Vaccine and Chronic
Nervous System Dysfunction: A New Analysis.
Washington, D.C. The National Academies Press 1994.
36 Institute of Medicine Committee to Review Adverse
Effects of Vaccines. Adverse Effects of Vaccines:
Evidence and Causality. Washington, DC: The National
Academies Press 2012.
37 Institute of Medicine Committee on the Assessment of
Studies of Health Outcomes Related to the Recommended
Childhood Immunization Schedule. The Childhood
Immunization Schedule and Safety: Stakeholder
Concerns, Scientific Evidence and Future Studies.
Washington, DC: The National Academies Press 2013.
38 Huang SM, Temple R. Is This the Drug or Dose for
You? Impact and Considerations of Ethnic Factors in
Global Drug Development, Regulatory Review and
Clinical Practice. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008; 84(3):
287-294.
39 The Human Microbiome Project Consortium.
Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human
microbiome.Nature 2012; 486: 207-214.
40 Baqureo F. Epigenetics, epistasis and epidemics.
Evolution, Medicine and Public Health 2013; 1: 86-88.
41 Kulenkampff M, Schwartzman JS, Wilson J.
Neurological complications of Pertussis Vaccination.Arch
Dis Child 1974; 46-49.
42 Institute of Medicine Committee to Review Adverse
Effects of Vaccines. Adverse Effects of Vaccines:
Evidence and Causality. Evaluating Biological
Mechanisms of Adverse Events: Increased
Susceptibility. Chapter 3: Page 82. Washington, DC: The
National Academies Press 2012.
43 Stetler HC, Orenstein WA. History of Convulsions and
Use of Pertussis Vaccine. J Pediatr 1985; 107(2):
175-179.
44 Weibel RE, Caserta V, Benor DE, Evans G. Acute
Encephalopathy Followed by Permanent Brain Injury or
Death Associated with Further Attenuated Measles
Vaccines: A Review of Cases Submitted to the National
Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Pediatrics 1998;
101(3): 383-387.
45 CDC. General Recommendations on Immunization.
Contraindications and Precautions to Vaccination. The
Pink Book: Course Textbook – 12th Edition, Second
Printing May 2012.
46 HRSA. National Vaccine Injury Compensation
Program Frequently Asked Questions: What are the filing
deadlines for claims filed with the VICP?
47 Pertnoy LD. A Child’s View of Recovery Under the
National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act or “He Who
Hesitates Is Lost.” Montana Law Review 1998; 59(2).
48 Schmitt BD. Immunization Reactions. Fever.
Children’s Health Network June 3, 2013.
49 National Institutes of Health (NIH). Diphtheria,
Tetanus, Pertussis (DTaP) Vaccine. What Are the Risks
for DTaP Vaccine? Medline Plus May 15, 2014
50 Institute of Medicine Vaccine Safety Committee.
Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines.
Evidence Concerning Pertussis Vaccines and Other
Illnesses and Conditions: Protracted Inconsolable Crying
and Screaming (Pg. 165-169). Washington, DC. The
National Academies Press 1991.
51 Institute of Medicine Vaccine Safety Committee.
Adverse Effects of Pertusses and Rubella Vaccines.
Evidence Concerning Pertussis Vaccines and Other
Illnesses and Conditions: Shock and “Unusual ShockLike State” with Hypotonicity, Hyporesponsiveness and
Short-Lived Convulsions, Usually Febrile (Pg.
171-177). Washington, DC. The National Academies
Press 1991.
5
52 Braun MM, Terracciano G, Salive ME et al. Report of
a U.S. Public Health Service Workshop on HypotonicHyporesponsive Episodes (HHE) After Pertussis
Immunization. Pediatrics 1998; 102(5).
53 Schackler SC, Shafer PO, Sirven JI. What Happens
During a Seizure? Epilepsy Foundation March 2014.
54 Jones T, Jacobsen SJ. Childhood Febrile Seizures:
Overview and Implications. Int J Med Sci 2007; 4(2):
110-114.
55 LaRoche SM. Seizures and Encephalopathy. Semin
Neurol 2011; 31(19): 194-201.
56 Institute of Medicine Committee to Review Adverse
Effects of Vaccines. Adverse Effects of Vaccines:
Evidence and Causality. Adverse Events and Causality
Conclusions in the Vaccine Chapters: Febrile and Afebrile
Seizures (MMR, Varicella, Influenza, Hepatitis B, DTaP).
Washington, DC: The National Academies Press 2012.
57 The Free Dictionary. Definition of Somnolence: A
state of drowsiness, sleepiness; a condition of
semiconsciousness approaching coma. American
Heritage Medical Dictionary 2007. Definition of Stupor:
A state of impaired consciousness in which the person
shows a marked reduction in reactivity to environmental
stimuli, only continual stimulation arouses in the person.
Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary 2012
58 Menkes, JH, Kinsbourne M. Workshop on Neurologic
Complications of Pertussis and Pertussis Vaccination.
Neuropediatrics 1990; 21(4): 171-176.
59 NIH. Encephalitis: Symptoms (Infants) and
Emergency Symptoms. Medline Plus Aug. 1, 2012.
60 Booss J, Davis LE. Smallpox and Smallpox
Vaccination. Neurology 2003; 60(8): 1241-1265.
61 Huynh W, Cordato DJ, Kehdi E et al. Post-vaccination
encephalomyelitis: Literature review and illustrative case.
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 2008; 15: 1315-1322.
62 HealthGrades. What Are Symptoms of Encephalitis?
and What are Causes of Encephalitis? Aug. 9, 2013.
63 Institute of Medicine Vaccine Safety Committee.
Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines.
Evidence Concerning Pertussis Vaccines and
Encephalopathy (P. 86-118). Washington, DC. The
National Academies Press 1991.
64 Pellegrino P, Carnovale C, Perrone V et al. Acute
Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Onset: Evaluation Based
on Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System. PLOS One
Oct. 18, 2013.
65 National Institute for Neurological Disorders and
Stroke (NINDS). What Is Acute Disseminated
Encephalomyelitis? Feb. 14, 2014.
66 Institute of Medicine Committee to Review Adverse
Effects of Vaccines. Adverse Effects of Vaccines:
Evidence and Causality. Adverse Events and Causality
Conclusions in the Vaccine Chapters: Acute Disseminated
Encephalomyelitis (MMR, Varicella, Influenza, hepatitis
A, hepatitis B, HPV, DTaP, meningococcal vaccines)
Washington, DC: The National Academies Press 2012.
67 The Free Dictionary. Definition of Encephalopathy:
Degeneration of brain function, caused by any of various
acquired disorders, including metabolic disease, organ
failure, inflammation, and chronic infection. American
Heritage Medical Dictionary 2007.
68 Institute of Medicine. DPT Vaccine and Chronic
Nervous System Dysfunction: A New Analysis.
Washington, D.C. The National Academies Press 1994.
69 Weibel RE, Caserta V, Benor DE, Evans G. Acute
Encephalopathy Followed by Permanent Brain Injury or
Death Associated with Further Attenuated Measles
Vaccines: A Review of Cases Submitted to the National
Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Pediatrics 1998;
101(3): 383-387.
70 Banwell B, Narula S, Roos RP. Acute disseminated
encephalomyelitis. Medlink Neurology May 8, 1995 (last
updated July 17, 2013).
71 Institute of Medicine Committee to Review Adverse
Effects of Vaccines. Adverse Effects of Vaccines:
Evidence and Causality. Adverse Events and Causality
Conclusions in the Vaccine Chapters: Encephalopathy.
(MMR, Varicella, Influenza, hepatitis B, DTaP/DT,
meningococcal vaccines). Washington, D.C. The National
Academies Press 2012.
72 Gherardi RK, Coquet M, Cherin L et al. Macrophagic
myofasciitis lesions assess long-term persistence of
vaccine-derived aluminum hydroxide in muscle. Brain
2001; 124(9): 1821-1831.
73 Lapphra K, Scheifele D. Vaccination site reaction or
bacterial cellulitis? Paediatr Child Health 2009; 14(4):
245.
74 Lamoreuz MR, Sternbach MR, Hsu WT. Erythema
Multiforme. American Family Physician 2006; 74(11):
1883-1886.
75 Institute of Medicine Vaccine Safety Committee.
Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines.
Summary of Conclusions by Adverse Event for RA27/3
MMR Vaccines: Acute and Chronic Arthritis.
Washington, DC. The National Academies Press 1991.
6
76 Institute of Medicine Committee to Review Adverse
Effects of Vaccines. Adverse Effects of Vaccines:
Evidence and Causality. Causality Conclusions Organized
by Chapter and Adverse Event: Transient Arthralgia,
Transient and Chronic Arthralgia, Psoriatric Arthritis,
Reactive Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile
Idiopathic Arthritis, Arthropathy (MMR, hepatitis B,
HPV, varicella zoster, influenza, and DTaP/DT vaccines).
Washington, D.C. The National Academies Press 2012.
77 France EK, Glanz J, Xu et al. Risk of immune
thrombocytopenia purpura after measles-mumps-rubella
immunization in children. Pediatrics 2008; 121(3).
78 Hsieh YL, Lin LH. Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Following Vaccination in Early Childhood: Experience of
a Medical Center in Past 2 Decades. J Chin Med Assoc
2010; 73(12): 634-637.
79 Weibel RE, Caserta V, Benor DE, Evans G. Acute
Encephalopathy Followed by Permanent Brain Injury or
Death Associated with Further Attenuated Measles
Vaccines: A Review of Cases Submitted to the National
Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Pediatrics 1998;
101(3): 383-387.
80 FDA. Vaccines Licensed for Immunization and
Distribution in the U.S. with Supporting Documents. Nov.
25, 2013.
81 CDC. Vaccine Excipient and Media Summary.
September 2013.
82 NVIC.org. Vaccine Ingredient Calculator.
83 Raimundo SM, Yang HM, Engel AB. Modelling the
effects of temporary immune protection and vaccination
against infectious diseases. Applied Mathematics and
Computation 2007; 189: 1723-1736.
84 CDC. Pertussis Frequently Asked Questions: Do
pertussis vaccines protect for a lifetime? Doesn’t herd
immunity protect most people? Dec. 19, 2013.
85 Wendelboe AM, Annelies VR et al. Duration of
Immunity Against Pertussis After Natural Infection or
Vaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005; 24(5): S58-S61.
86 Food and Drug Administration. FDA Study Helps
Provide An Understanding of Rising Rates of Whooping
Cough and Response to Vaccination. FDA Press Release:
Nov. 27, 2013.
87 Witt MA, Katz PH, Witt DJ. Unexpectedly Limited
Durability of Immunity Following Acellular Pertussis
Vaccination in Pre-Adolescents in A North American
Outbreak. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54(12): 1730-1735.
88 CDC. Pertussis Epidemic – Washington, 2012. MMWR
July 20, 2012; 6(28): 517-522.
89 CDC. Pertussis (Whooping Cough). Signs &
Symptoms. May 22, 2014.
90 CDC. Pertussis Complications. Aug. 28, 2013.
Back-to-School Vaccines: Know
the Risks and Failures
Posted: 8/12/2014 11:25:52 AM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
feature=player_embedded&v=DAQyBrdcqV4
As summer comes to an end, the drumbeat promoting
back-to-school vaccinations grows louder and louder in
America. Unlike children in Canada and the European
Union,1 2 our children must get dozens of doses of
vaccines or they can’t get a public school education.3
No Shots, No School, No Exceptions
Over the past century, denial of a public school education
has been used like a club by public health and medical
trade officials demanding that state legislators enact “No
Shots, No School, No Exceptions” vaccine laws.4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 In 1914, children had to get one dose of
smallpox vaccine to go to school.13 In 2014, children
entering kindergarten must get a minimum of 29 doses of
9 vaccines.14 Babies enrolled in daycare get even more
vaccines.15
Medical Exemptions Rarely Granted
Parents in 48 states can file a religious or personal belief
vaccine exemption but some states make those
exemptions very hard to get.16 A medical exemption is
allowed in all states but doctors rarely grant them to
children anymore because almost all medical reasons for
delaying or withholding a vaccine have been eliminated.
17 18 19
Government and medical trade officials have narrowed
medical contraindications to vaccination after Congress
shielded doctors and vaccine manufacturers from vaccine
injury lawsuits.20 Today, even children with severely
compromised immune systems are given most vaccines.
21
Doctors Practicing Authoritarian Medicine
Now that everybody is a candidate for vaccination all the
time, liability free doctors have been given a green light
to practice authoritarian medicine.22 23 24 Distraught
parents are contacting NVIC and telling us that
pediatricians are dismissing their child’s vaccine reactions
as unimportant and refusing to make a report to the
federal vaccine adverse events reporting system. Mothers
describe how pediatricians are screaming at them if they
decline a vaccination or simply ask for fewer shots to be
given to their child on the same day.25
1
Recently, a member of the American Academy of
Pediatrics26 proclaimed publicly that he is justified in
getting angry at and discriminating against parents
disobeying his orders to give their children every
federally recommended vaccine on schedule27 which, by
the way, means 49 doses of 14 vaccines between day of
birth and age 6 with 20 more doses of vaccines by age
18.28
Calling those parents “a public health menace” and
comparing them to “substance abusers,” he refuses to
treat their children. He said – QUOTE - “That person is a
danger, not only to themselves but is a danger to society, a
danger to other children in my practice, a danger to old
people, a danger to everyone.”29
Pediatricians Exempt from Vaccine Injury Lawsuits
It is sad and frightening when doctors demonize and
threaten parents making thoughtful medical risk decisions
for their children. The American Academy of Pediatrics
knows that vaccines carry serious risks for some children
because AAP leaders successfully lobbied Congress to be
exempt from vaccine injury lawsuits.30 31
Some People More Susceptible to Vaccine Reactions
But even if $3 billion dollars in federal vaccine injury
compensation had not already been awarded to vaccine
victims in America,32 and even if the Institute of
Medicine had not published a series of reports confirming
that vaccines can cause injury and death,33 34 35 36 37
everybody knows that people do not all respond the same
way to pharmaceutical products38 like vaccines.
Each one of us is born with unique genes and a unique
microbiome39 influenced by epigenetics,40 which affects
how we respond to the different environments we live in.
Some of us are more susceptible to vaccine
complications.41 42 Public health officials have known
this for a long, long time.43 44
Learn How to Identify Vaccine Reactions
With so many pediatricians denying vaccine risks and
failures, it is even more important for parents to do their
own research. If your child is getting back-to-school
shots, you should know how to identify symptoms of a
vaccine reaction. Once your child has had a vaccine
reaction, revaccination may cause a more serious
reaction.45 Plus, you only have two years to file a claim
in the federal vaccine injury compensation program after
a vaccine-related death or three years after a vaccine
injury.46 47
A few of the more serious vaccine reaction symptoms are:
2
•
Convulsion or seizure symptoms include eyes
fluttering and rolling back in the head; twitching,
trembling, jerking, shaking or sudden rigidity of
one or more parts of the body.53 54 55 56
•
High Fever between 103 and 105 degrees F. or
more.48 49
•
High Pitched Screaming, also known as the
encephalitic cry, is described as a shrill scream,
shriek or wail that goes on for hours. Mothers
often say they have never heard this type of
crying before. Sometimes babies arch their backs
while screaming, which can be a sign of brain
inflammation.50
•
Collapse/Shock. The child may be pale, have
bluish lips and suddenly go limp and appear to be
unconscious.51 52
•
Excessive Sleepiness is when the child sleeps
deeply without moving for hours after
vaccination and does not respond to noise, touch
or light and cannot be easily awakened to eat.57
58 59
•
Brain Inflammation, also called encephalitis or
acute encephalopathy,has been recognized as a
very serious complication of vaccination since
the first vaccine for smallpox. Symptoms can
include convulsions, high-pitched screaming,
collapse, and hours of unconsciousness.60 61 62
63 64 65 66
•
Encephalopathy or chronic brain dysfunction
can include physical and mental regression,
dramatic personality and behavior changes, loss
of muscle control, speech and other abilities, or
the child may be unable to continue to meet
developmental milestones.67 68 69 70 71
Vaccine Reactions May Take A Week or Longer to
Appear
This is not a full list of vaccine reaction symptoms and
there are other types of reactions affecting immune and
brain function involving the skin,72 73 74 joints,75 76
blood77 78 and other parts of the body that can be
warning signs a child may be sensitive to one or more
vaccines. Some reactions develop within hours of
vaccination while others, like convulsions following
MMR vaccination, can take a week or more to appear.79
Review Vaccine Manufacturer Information & Vaccine
Ingredients
Before vaccination, read the vaccine manufacturer’s
product inserts so you are aware of the types of serious
health problems reported in pre-licensure clinical trials
and during post-marketing surveillance.80 Take a look at
vaccine ingredients as well, because some children are
allergic to antibiotics, gelatin, MSG, Thimerosal, yeast,
egg protein and other vaccine ingredients.81 82
Vaccine Immunity Not Permanent: Pertussis Vaccine
Failures
Parents also need to know that vaccine acquired
immunity is not permanent and fully vaccinated children
can still get and transmit infectious diseases.83 Vaccine
failures and waning immunity is a real problem for
vaccines like B. pertussis,84 85 also known as whooping
cough. The FDA reported last year that vaccinated
persons still can be infected with and transmit pertussis,
sometimes without even showing any symptoms.86 The
majority of children in many pertussis outbreaks have
been vaccinated.87 88
Learn Symptoms of Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
Signs of B. pertussis whooping cough range from a low
fever, loss of appetite and a mild cough to violent
paroxysmal coughing with choking and vomiting of large
amounts of sticky mucus for many weeks.89 Small
infants can suffer brain damage or die from pertussis if
they cannot clear mucus clogging their airways.90
Understanding vaccine risks and failures is a vital part of
conscious parenting today.
Ask 8 Questions Before Vaccination
At NVIC.org:
•
You can find well-referenced information about
vaccines and diseases, including vaccine
manufacturer product inserts, and a brochure that
lists 8 questions you should ask yourself before
your child is vaccinated;
•
You can review vaccine reaction reports made to
the federal vaccine adverse events reporting
system.
•
You can read testimonials on the Cry for Vaccine
Freedom Wall by Americans describing how they
are being persecuted when they try to make
informed, voluntary decisions about vaccination
for themselves and their children.
•
You can signup for the free online NVIC
Advocacy Portal and work to secure informed
consent protections in your state’s vaccine laws.
It is really important to find an intelligent, enlightened
doctor you can trust, who treats you with respect and your
child with compassion. Plan to spend at least as much
time empowering yourself with information and carefully
thinking about vaccines and diseases as you do when you
buy a new car or a new home.
It’s your health. Your family. Your choice.
_________________________
References:
1 Vaccination Risk Awareness Network (VRAN).
Exemptions from vaccination (Canada). 2014.
3
2 Haverkate M., D’Ancona F, Giambi C et al. Mandatory
and Recommended Vaccination in the EU, Iceland and
Norway: Results of the VENICE 2010 Survey on the
Ways of Implementing National Vaccination
Programmes. Euro Surveill 2012; 17(22).
Tetanus, Pertussis, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Hepatitis
B, Varicella Zoster, HIB, Pneumococcal, Meningococcal,
Hepatitis A vaccines). July 29, 2014.
16 NVIC. State Law and Vaccine Requirements: State
Vaccine Exemptions. NVIC.org August 2014.
3 Immunization Action Coalition (IAC). State mandates
on immunization and vaccine-preventable diseases. July
29, 2014.
17 Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Vaccines and
Immunizations: Chart of Contraindications and
Precautions to Commonly Used Vaccines. July 7, 2014.
4 Orenstein WA, Hinman AR. The immunization system
in the United States – the role of school immunization
laws. Vaccine 1999; 17 (Suppl 3): 19-24.
18 CDC. Conditions Commonly Misperceived as
Contraindications to Vaccination. July 7, 2014.
5 Hinman AR, Orenstein WA Schuchat A. Vaccine
Preventable Diseases, Immunization and MMWR
1961-2011. MMWR 2011; 60(04): 49-57.
6 American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP).
Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society Rejects ‘Personal
Belief’ Immunization Exemptions. AAFP News May 4,
2011.
7 Fisher BL. Americans Fight for Vaccine Choices:
Philosophical Exemption to Vaccination Saved in
Vermont. NVIC Newsletter May 14, 2012.
8 Fisher BL. Turning Vaccine Exemptions Into Class
Warfare. NVIC Newsletter Sept. 14, 2012.
9 Association of State and Territorial Health Officials
(ASTHO). Immunization Resource Guide. 2013.
10 Association of Immunization Managers (AIM).
Position Statement on Personal Belief Exemptions from
State Vaccination Mandates.Jan. 21, 2014.
11 American Academy of Pediatrics. State Advocacy
Focus Childhood Immunizations. AAP Position. April
2014.
12 NVIC. Colorado Hearing on House Bill 1288 to
Restrict Personal Belief Exemption to Vaccination. NVIC
Newsletter May 20, 2014.
13 Jackson CL. State Laws on Compulsory Immunization
in the United States. Public Health Reports 1969; 84(9):
77-795.
14 Immunization Action Coalition (IAC). State mandates
on immunization and vaccine-preventable diseases. (State
vaccine mandates for kindergarten: Polio, Diphtheria,
Tetanus, Pertussis, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Hepatitis
B, Varicella Zoster vaccines). July 29, 2014.
15 Immunization Action Coalition (IAC). State mandates
on immunization and vaccine-preventable diseases. (State
vaccine mandates for childcare: Polio, Diphtheria,
19 Stadlin S, Bednarczyk RA, Omer SB. Medical
Exemptions to School Immunization Requirements in the
United States – Association of State Policies with
Medical Exemption Rates (2004-2011). J Infect Dis Aug.
29, 2012.
20 Fisher BL. Find a Compassionate Doctor to Help You
Prevent Vaccine Injuries. NVIC Newsletter Aug. 26, 2012.
21 Rubin LG, Levin MJ, Ljungman P et al. 2013 IDSA
(Infectious Diseases Society of America) Guidelines for
Vaccination of Immunocompromised Host. Clin Infect
Dis 2013.
22 Frosch DL, May SG, Rendle KAS et al. Authoritarian
Physicians and Patients’ Fear of Being Labeled
“Difficult” Among Key Obstacles to Shared Decision
Making. Health Affairs August 2014; 33(8): 1030-1038.
23 Pestell R, Ball JRB. Authoritarianism Among
Medicine and Law Students. Australian and New Zealand
Journal of Psychiatry 1991; 25(2): 265-269.
24 The Free Dictionary. Definition of the Authoritarian
Personality: A personality pattern reflecting a desire for
security, order, power and status, with a desire for
structured lines of authority, a conventional set of values
or outlook, a demand for unquestioning obedience and a
tendency to be hostile toward or use as scapegoats
individuals of minority or nontraditional groups.
American Heritage Medical Dictionary 2007.
25 NVIC.org. Cry for Vaccine Freedom Wall.
26 HG.org. Hershel R. Lessin, M.D., Pediatric Medical
Malpractice Expert Witness. HG.org Legal Resources.
Accessed Aug. 8, 2014.
27 Gupta S. Harsh Treatment for Vaccine Refusers.
Everyday Health July 28, 2014.
28 CDC. Recommended Immunization Schedule for
Persons Aged 0 Through 18 Years – United States, 2014.
4
29 Gupta S. Harsh Treatment for Vaccine Refusers.
Everyday Health July 28, 2014
30 Institute of Medicine. The Children’s Vaccine
Initiative: Achieving the Vision. National Vaccine Injury
Compensation Program: Background and Filing A Claim
Under NVICP (Pg. 160-161). National Academies Press
1993.
31 Holland M. Reconsidering Compulsory Childhood
Vaccination. The 1986 Law (Pg. 21-22). NewYork
University Public Law and Legislative Theory Working
Papers 2010. Paper 226.
32 Health Resources Services Administration (HRSA).
National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program Statistics
Report – July 1, 2014.
33 Institute of Medicine Vaccine Safety
Committee.Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella
Vaccines. Washington, DC. The National Academies
Press 1991.
34 Institute of Medicine Vaccine Safety Committee.
Adverse Events Association with Childhood Vaccines:
Evidence Bearing on Causality. Neurologic Disorders.
Washington, D.C. The National Academies Press 1994.
35 Institute of Medicine. DPT Vaccine and Chronic
Nervous System Dysfunction: A New Analysis.
Washington, D.C. The National Academies Press 1994.
36 Institute of Medicine Committee to Review Adverse
Effects of Vaccines. Adverse Effects of Vaccines:
Evidence and Causality. Washington, DC: The National
Academies Press 2012.
37 Institute of Medicine Committee on the Assessment of
Studies of Health Outcomes Related to the Recommended
Childhood Immunization Schedule. The Childhood
Immunization Schedule and Safety: Stakeholder
Concerns, Scientific Evidence and Future Studies.
Washington, DC: The National Academies Press 2013.
38 Huang SM, Temple R. Is This the Drug or Dose for
You? Impact and Considerations of Ethnic Factors in
Global Drug Development, Regulatory Review and
Clinical Practice. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008; 84(3):
287-294.
39 The Human Microbiome Project Consortium.
Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human
microbiome.Nature 2012; 486: 207-214.
40 Baqureo F. Epigenetics, epistasis and epidemics.
Evolution, Medicine and Public Health 2013; 1: 86-88.
41 Kulenkampff M, Schwartzman JS, Wilson J.
Neurological complications of Pertussis Vaccination.Arch
Dis Child 1974; 46-49.
42 Institute of Medicine Committee to Review Adverse
Effects of Vaccines. Adverse Effects of Vaccines:
Evidence and Causality. Evaluating Biological
Mechanisms of Adverse Events: Increased
Susceptibility. Chapter 3: Page 82. Washington, DC: The
National Academies Press 2012.
43 Stetler HC, Orenstein WA. History of Convulsions and
Use of Pertussis Vaccine. J Pediatr 1985; 107(2):
175-179.
44 Weibel RE, Caserta V, Benor DE, Evans G. Acute
Encephalopathy Followed by Permanent Brain Injury or
Death Associated with Further Attenuated Measles
Vaccines: A Review of Cases Submitted to the National
Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Pediatrics 1998;
101(3): 383-387.
45 CDC. General Recommendations on Immunization.
Contraindications and Precautions to Vaccination. The
Pink Book: Course Textbook – 12th Edition, Second
Printing May 2012.
46 HRSA. National Vaccine Injury Compensation
Program Frequently Asked Questions: What are the filing
deadlines for claims filed with the VICP?
47 Pertnoy LD. A Child’s View of Recovery Under the
National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act or “He Who
Hesitates Is Lost.” Montana Law Review 1998; 59(2).
48 Schmitt BD. Immunization Reactions. Fever.
Children’s Health Network June 3, 2013.
49 National Institutes of Health (NIH). Diphtheria,
Tetanus, Pertussis (DTaP) Vaccine. What Are the Risks
for DTaP Vaccine? Medline Plus May 15, 2014
50 Institute of Medicine Vaccine Safety Committee.
Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines.
Evidence Concerning Pertussis Vaccines and Other
Illnesses and Conditions: Protracted Inconsolable Crying
and Screaming (Pg. 165-169). Washington, DC. The
National Academies Press 1991.
51 Institute of Medicine Vaccine Safety Committee.
Adverse Effects of Pertusses and Rubella Vaccines.
Evidence Concerning Pertussis Vaccines and Other
Illnesses and Conditions: Shock and “Unusual ShockLike State” with Hypotonicity, Hyporesponsiveness and
Short-Lived Convulsions, Usually Febrile (Pg.
171-177). Washington, DC. The National Academies
Press 1991.
5
52 Braun MM, Terracciano G, Salive ME et al. Report of
a U.S. Public Health Service Workshop on HypotonicHyporesponsive Episodes (HHE) After Pertussis
Immunization. Pediatrics 1998; 102(5).
53 Schackler SC, Shafer PO, Sirven JI. What Happens
During a Seizure? Epilepsy Foundation March 2014.
54 Jones T, Jacobsen SJ. Childhood Febrile Seizures:
Overview and Implications. Int J Med Sci 2007; 4(2):
110-114.
55 LaRoche SM. Seizures and Encephalopathy. Semin
Neurol 2011; 31(19): 194-201.
56 Institute of Medicine Committee to Review Adverse
Effects of Vaccines. Adverse Effects of Vaccines:
Evidence and Causality. Adverse Events and Causality
Conclusions in the Vaccine Chapters: Febrile and Afebrile
Seizures (MMR, Varicella, Influenza, Hepatitis B, DTaP).
Washington, DC: The National Academies Press 2012.
57 The Free Dictionary. Definition of Somnolence: A
state of drowsiness, sleepiness; a condition of
semiconsciousness approaching coma. American
Heritage Medical Dictionary 2007. Definition of Stupor:
A state of impaired consciousness in which the person
shows a marked reduction in reactivity to environmental
stimuli, only continual stimulation arouses in the person.
Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary 2012
58 Menkes, JH, Kinsbourne M. Workshop on Neurologic
Complications of Pertussis and Pertussis Vaccination.
Neuropediatrics 1990; 21(4): 171-176.
59 NIH. Encephalitis: Symptoms (Infants) and
Emergency Symptoms. Medline Plus Aug. 1, 2012.
60 Booss J, Davis LE. Smallpox and Smallpox
Vaccination. Neurology 2003; 60(8): 1241-1265.
61 Huynh W, Cordato DJ, Kehdi E et al. Post-vaccination
encephalomyelitis: Literature review and illustrative case.
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 2008; 15: 1315-1322.
62 HealthGrades. What Are Symptoms of Encephalitis?
and What are Causes of Encephalitis? Aug. 9, 2013.
63 Institute of Medicine Vaccine Safety Committee.
Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines.
Evidence Concerning Pertussis Vaccines and
Encephalopathy (P. 86-118). Washington, DC. The
National Academies Press 1991.
64 Pellegrino P, Carnovale C, Perrone V et al. Acute
Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Onset: Evaluation Based
on Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System. PLOS One
Oct. 18, 2013.
65 National Institute for Neurological Disorders and
Stroke (NINDS). What Is Acute Disseminated
Encephalomyelitis? Feb. 14, 2014.
66 Institute of Medicine Committee to Review Adverse
Effects of Vaccines. Adverse Effects of Vaccines:
Evidence and Causality. Adverse Events and Causality
Conclusions in the Vaccine Chapters: Acute Disseminated
Encephalomyelitis (MMR, Varicella, Influenza, hepatitis
A, hepatitis B, HPV, DTaP, meningococcal vaccines)
Washington, DC: The National Academies Press 2012.
67 The Free Dictionary. Definition of Encephalopathy:
Degeneration of brain function, caused by any of various
acquired disorders, including metabolic disease, organ
failure, inflammation, and chronic infection. American
Heritage Medical Dictionary 2007.
68 Institute of Medicine. DPT Vaccine and Chronic
Nervous System Dysfunction: A New Analysis.
Washington, D.C. The National Academies Press 1994.
69 Weibel RE, Caserta V, Benor DE, Evans G. Acute
Encephalopathy Followed by Permanent Brain Injury or
Death Associated with Further Attenuated Measles
Vaccines: A Review of Cases Submitted to the National
Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Pediatrics 1998;
101(3): 383-387.
70 Banwell B, Narula S, Roos RP. Acute disseminated
encephalomyelitis. Medlink Neurology May 8, 1995 (last
updated July 17, 2013).
71 Institute of Medicine Committee to Review Adverse
Effects of Vaccines. Adverse Effects of Vaccines:
Evidence and Causality. Adverse Events and Causality
Conclusions in the Vaccine Chapters: Encephalopathy.
(MMR, Varicella, Influenza, hepatitis B, DTaP/DT,
meningococcal vaccines). Washington, D.C. The National
Academies Press 2012.
72 Gherardi RK, Coquet M, Cherin L et al. Macrophagic
myofasciitis lesions assess long-term persistence of
vaccine-derived aluminum hydroxide in muscle. Brain
2001; 124(9): 1821-1831.
73 Lapphra K, Scheifele D. Vaccination site reaction or
bacterial cellulitis? Paediatr Child Health 2009; 14(4):
245.
74 Lamoreuz MR, Sternbach MR, Hsu WT. Erythema
Multiforme. American Family Physician 2006; 74(11):
1883-1886.
75 Institute of Medicine Vaccine Safety Committee.
Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines.
Summary of Conclusions by Adverse Event for RA27/3
MMR Vaccines: Acute and Chronic Arthritis.
Washington, DC. The National Academies Press 1991.
6
76 Institute of Medicine Committee to Review Adverse
Effects of Vaccines. Adverse Effects of Vaccines:
Evidence and Causality. Causality Conclusions Organized
by Chapter and Adverse Event: Transient Arthralgia,
Transient and Chronic Arthralgia, Psoriatric Arthritis,
Reactive Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile
Idiopathic Arthritis, Arthropathy (MMR, hepatitis B,
HPV, varicella zoster, influenza, and DTaP/DT vaccines).
Washington, D.C. The National Academies Press 2012.
77 France EK, Glanz J, Xu et al. Risk of immune
thrombocytopenia purpura after measles-mumps-rubella
immunization in children. Pediatrics 2008; 121(3).
78 Hsieh YL, Lin LH. Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Following Vaccination in Early Childhood: Experience of
a Medical Center in Past 2 Decades. J Chin Med Assoc
2010; 73(12): 634-637.
79 Weibel RE, Caserta V, Benor DE, Evans G. Acute
Encephalopathy Followed by Permanent Brain Injury or
Death Associated with Further Attenuated Measles
Vaccines: A Review of Cases Submitted to the National
Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Pediatrics 1998;
101(3): 383-387.
80 FDA. Vaccines Licensed for Immunization and
Distribution in the U.S. with Supporting Documents. Nov.
25, 2013.
81 CDC. Vaccine Excipient and Media Summary.
September 2013.
82 NVIC.org. Vaccine Ingredient Calculator.
83 Raimundo SM, Yang HM, Engel AB. Modelling the
effects of temporary immune protection and vaccination
against infectious diseases. Applied Mathematics and
Computation 2007; 189: 1723-1736.
84 CDC. Pertussis Frequently Asked Questions: Do
pertussis vaccines protect for a lifetime? Doesn’t herd
immunity protect most people? Dec. 19, 2013.
85 Wendelboe AM, Annelies VR et al. Duration of
Immunity Against Pertussis After Natural Infection or
Vaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005; 24(5): S58-S61.
86 Food and Drug Administration. FDA Study Helps
Provide An Understanding of Rising Rates of Whooping
Cough and Response to Vaccination. FDA Press Release:
Nov. 27, 2013.
87 Witt MA, Katz PH, Witt DJ. Unexpectedly Limited
Durability of Immunity Following Acellular Pertussis
Vaccination in Pre-Adolescents in A North American
Outbreak. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54(12): 1730-1735.
88 CDC. Pertussis Epidemic – Washington, 2012. MMWR
July 20, 2012; 6(28): 517-522.
89 CDC. Pertussis (Whooping Cough). Signs &
Symptoms. May 22, 2014.
90 CDC. Pertussis Complications. Aug. 28, 2013.
