Basic Nursing Safety, Infection,Asepsis (Part II)

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Safety, Infection Control, and Hygiene

(Infection control Principles)

Discuss ion

•Pathogenicity
produce disease.

Pathogens, Infection, and Colonization

is the ability of a microorganism to

•Pathogens
humans.

are microorganisms that cause diseases in

•types of microorganisms •bacteria, •viruses, •Fungi, •protozoa, •Rickettsia.

that can be pathogenic

Pathogens, Infection, and Colonization bacter
ia

F ungi

protoz oa virus es Rickett sia

Pathogens, Infection, and Colonization

Infection:- Infection is the multiplication of an infectious agent within the body tissues that results in cellular injury .

Pathogens, Infection, and Colonization

Infection:- Infection is the multiplication of an infectious agent within the body tissues that results in cellular injury . Colonization is the multiplication of microorganisms on or within a host that does not result in cellular injury However, microorganisms that are colonized on a host
may be a potential source of infection, especially if host susceptibility declines or the microorganism’s virulence increases.

Pathogens, Infection, and Colonization

Normal Flora : are microorganisms on the human body. There are two types of flora: •resident •transient.

•Resident flora

Pathogens, Infection, and Colonization

microorganisms that are always present, usually without altering the client’s health. •Hand washing with soap and water alone is not sufficient to remove resident flora; there must be considerable friction, which is created

Pathogens, Infection, and Colonization Transient flora: microorganisms that are episodic. They attach to the skin for a brief period of time but do not continually live on the skin. Transient flora are usually acquired from direct contact with the microorganisms on environmental surfaces. Hand washing with soap and water is an effective means of

Infecti on The chain of infection describes the
phenomenon of developing an infectious process. There must be an interactive process that involves the

•Agent, •Host,

Chain of infection

Agent , Host , Environment

Virule Organism’s degree nce of pathogenicity
(ability to cause disease)

Living organisms that invade the

Substances that can interact with the body

such as heat, light, noise, radiation, and machinery

HOST DEFENCES

a person who lacks resistance to an agent

a person whose normal defense mechanisms are

Interaction Between HOST & INFECTIOUS AGENT

Virule Organism’s nce degree of to cause pathogenicity (ability
disease)

HOST DEFENCES Host: A person that affords

subsistence or lodgment to an infectious agent under natural

Virulence
Specific attraction for certain cells / organs
Nesseria meningitidis -> meningies

Ability to invade phagocytosis Streptococcus pyogenes Production of destructive enzymes / toxins

PHAS ES

Infecti Infecti on on

Incubation period Prodromal stage Acute illness stage Convalescence

Nosocomial infections
are infections acquired in the hospital or other health care facilities that were not present or incubating at the time of the client’s admission. Nosocomial infections are also referred to as hospitalacquired infections. Nosocomial infections include those infections that become symptomatic after the client is discharged as well as infections among medical personnel. Most nosocomial infections are transmitted by health care personnel who fail to practice proper handwashing procedures or change gloves between client contacts.

Lesson notes

Safety, Infection Control, and Hygiene

(Infection control wdidok md,kh Principles)

frda.shdf.a wdrCIdj ms<sn| ie,lSfïoS Tyq wdidok j,g ,laùfuka wdrCId lr.ekSfï j,lSu fyosh i;= ld¾hhls¡ ta ksidfjka wdidok iy ta wdY%s;j wdrCIdj iemhsh hq;= wdldrh fuysoS wOHhkh flf¾¡

•Pathogens

: ñksidg frda.hla we;s l< yels CIqÞ% cSúhd jHdêckl cSúhd fyj;a Pathogen f,i yeoskafõ¡ •fuf,i ñksidg frda. we;s l< yels CIqo%cSù ldKav lsysmhls¡ tajd kï¡ •nelaárshd bacteria, •jhsria viruses, •os,Sr Fungi, •fm%dgfidajdjka protozoa, •rslÜishdjka Rickettsia.

Pathogens, Infection, and Colonization

Pathogens, Infection, and Colonization bacter
ia

F ungi

protoz oa virus es Rickett sia

Pathogens, Infection, and Colonization

Infection:- Infection is the multiplication of an infectious agent within the body tissues that results in cellular injury . wdidokhla hkq- wdidokldrl CIqo% cSúfhl= foay ffi,j,g wk;=rla we;slrñka foay mgl ;=, nyq.=Kkkh ùuhs¡

Colonization is the multiplication of microorganisms on or within a host that does not result in cellular injury fldf<dkslrKh hkq foay mgl j,g wk;=rla we;s fkdlñka CIqo%cSúhl= foay mgl ;=, j¾Okh ùuhs¡

Pathogens, Infection, and Colonization

Pathogens, Infection, and Colonization

Normal Flora : ksfrda.S foay mgl u; isák nelaárshd .yKh fuf,i yeoskafõ¡ fuf,i we;s jk CIqo%cSú .yKhka wjia:d folls¡ •resident - ia:sr •transient - ;djld,sl

•Resident flora mqoa.,hdf.a foayh u; fyda ;=, ksrka;rfhka jdih lrk CIqo%cSú ldKAvhhs¡ fndfydaúg tu mqoa.,hdf.a fi!LH ;;a;ajh ÿ¾j, lsrSug n,fkdmdk fuu CIqo%cSúka iug b;d ;oska we,S iïnkaOj isák ksid inka iy c,h fhdod isÿlrk idudkH w;a fiaÿulos fudjqka bj;aj fkdhhs¡ tu cSúka Tjqkaf.a idudkHfhka msysgk ia:dk j,oS frda. ;;a;aj we;s fkdl<;a fjk;a foay mglhloS wdidokhla

Pathogens, Infection, and Colonization

Pathogens, Infection, and Colonization Transient flora: iu u; ;djld<slj /f|k iy /oS isák CIqo%cSúka ldKavhhs¡ ndysr mrsirh iuÕ .eàfïoS fudjqka wmf.a iu u; /fohs¡ inka iy c,h Ndú; lrñka isÿlrk idudkH w;a fiaÿuloS fudjqka myiqfjka bj;aj hhs¡

Chain of Infection jk mejf;k wdldrh wdidok l%shdj,sh j¾Okh
úia;r flfrk igyk ZZwdidok oïje,ZZ Chain of infection f,i yeoskafõ¡ t;=, yÿkd.; yels tlsfkl wka;¾ l%shd isÿflfrk idOl ;=kls¡

•Agent, frda. ldrlhd •Host, Odrlhd •Environment mrsirh

Chain of infection

Chain of Infection fuh tlsfkl iïnkaO jQ l%shdjka isÿùï yhl tl;=jla
jk w;r wdidokhla mej;Su iy me;srSu i|yd fuu isÿùï tlsfkl wka;¾iïnkaê;j mej;sh hq;=fõ¡ hï whqrlska fuu wka;¾ iïnkaO;d j,ska tlla fyda bj;a lsrSug ì|Sug yelsfõ kï wdidokh mej;Su iy me;srSu kj;d,sh yelsfõ¡ tfia wka;¾in|;d ì|Sug fhdod .; yels fyo Wml%u my; igyfkys olajdwe;¡

Chain of infection

Agent , Host , Agent: frda.hla we;s lsrSfï yelshdjla Environment
we;s cSúfhla o%jHhla fN!;sl idOlhla fyda ridhkslhla fuhg wh;afõ¡

kuq;a ffjoH úoHdfõoS ZZ frda.hla we;s lsrSfï yelshdj we;s cSúhd ^CIQo% cSúhd& ZZAgent” fyj;a ldrlhd f,i ye|skafõ¡ ldrlhd ;=, mj;sk frda.h we;s lsrSfï

Host yiqjk cSúhd Odrlhd fõ¡

Agent , Host , Environment n,mEug : frda.hla ldrlfhl=f.a

Odrlhdd ;=, mj;sk frda. ldrldhg úreoaOj ls%hd;aul ùfï yelshdj Host defense fyj;a Odrl m%;sfrdaOhZZ f,i ye| skafjhs¡

Virule Organism’s degree nce of pathogenicity
(ability to cause disease)

Living organisms that invade the

Substances that can interact with the body

such as heat, light, noise, radiation, and machinery

HOST DEFENCES

a person who lacks resistance to an agent

a person whose normal defense mechanisms are

Virulence
Specific attraction for certain cells / organs
Nesseria meningitidis -> meningies

Ability to invade phagocytosis Streptococcus pyogenes Production of destructive enzymes / toxins

wdidok iïfm%AYK ud¾. •Contact transmission iam¾Yh uÕska •Air borne transmission jd;h uÕska •Vehicle transmission c,h WlrK jeks foa uÕska •Vector borne transmission i;=ka uÕska

wdidokhl mshjrhka wdidokhla je,ÿkq úg YrSrh thg olajk
m%;spdr u; wdidokfhys wjia:d lsysmhla fjka fjkaj yÿkd .; yels fjhs¡ tajd kï Incubation period îfc!IK iuh ( frda. ldrl úIîch we;=¿ùfï isg frda. ,CIK u;=ùu olajd jQ ld<hhs¡ Prodromal stage : frda.hg úYsIAG fkdjq frda. ,CIK fmkajk fuu wjêh kshñ;

wdidokhl mshjrhka
Acute illness stage kshñ; frda. ,CIK iys; Zzfrda.S wjia:djZZ Convalescence : iqjjk wjêh¡

PHAS ES

Infecti Infecti on on

Incubation period Prodromal stage Acute illness stage Convalescence

Nosocomial infections
Hospital-acquired infections. frda.shd frday,a .; jk wjia:dfõ fkd;snQ kuq;a frday, ;=,oS tu ms<sfj;a iy l%Shdldrlï uÕska we;s jk wdidok frda. ;;a;ajh ksjeros w;a fiaoSfï ms<sfj; uÕska fuu .eg¿j j,lajd .; yelsfjhs¡

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