Bio Medical Waste Management
Content
Biomedical waste management
By group I (KHADIJAH WALI,AQSA ANWAR,ARSHAM TORKAMAN,EBRAHIM JOOSAB,FAISAL FAROOQ and ALI SOHAIL)
Learning Objectives
Define
biomedical waste management Classification of biomedical waste management Disposal of biomedical wastes.
Biomedical waste management
Definition:
“Bio Medical waste” is any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining to or in the production or testing of biologicals and categories.
Healthcare waste Definition
Healthcare waste (HCW) is defined as the total waste stream from a healthcare facility (HCF) Two basic categories
Healthcare General Waste (HCGW) 75-90% Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW) 10-25%
Healthcare general waste
Healthcare General Waste (HCGW)
Paper Packaging Plastic packaging Food preparation And other items that haven’t been contaminated
Healthcare risk waste
Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW)
Infectious waste Hazardous waste Harmful to humans and environment
SOURCE OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
Biomedical waste is generated in: hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, medical laboratories, blood banks, animal houses etc. Such a waste can also be generated at home if health care is being provided there to a patient (e.g. injection, dressing material etc.)
Components
Solids:
Catheters and tubes Disposable masks and scrubs Disposable tools Medical gloves Wound dressings
Contd…
Liquids:
Blood Body fluids and tissues Cell, organ and tissue cultures
Contd…
Sharps: Blades (Razor or Scalpel) Material made up glass such as cuvettes and slides. Needles Plastic pipettes and syringes
Contd…
Laboratory waste:
Animal carcasses Hazardous chemicals Medicinal plants Radioactive material with biological components Supernatants Cadavers,urine,feces and cytotoxic drug are not considered biomedical waste
classification
Classification
Non hazardous: approximately 75-90% of the biomedical waste is non-hazardous and as harmless as any other municipal waste. (E.G, Plastic,Glass,Cardboared,etc)
Classification
Hazardous waste:
10-25% is hazardous and can be injurious to humans or animals and deleterious to environment. It is important to realise that if both these types are mixed together then the whole waste becomes harmful.
Classification and management
Category Waste Type Treatment and Disposal Method
Human Wastes Category 1 (Tissues, organs, body parts Category 2 Animal Waste Microbiology and Category 3 Biotechnology waste
Category 4 Sharps Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic Drugs
Incineration / deep burial Incineration / deep burial Autoclave/microwave/incineration Disinfection (chemical treatment)+/autoclaving/microwaving and mutilation shredding Incineration/ destruction and drugs disposal in secured landfills
Category 5
Contd…
Waste Type Treatment and Disposal Method Contaminated solid Incineration/autoclaving / Category 6 waste microwaving Solid waste (disposable Disinfection by chemical treatment+ Category 7 items other than microwaving/autoclaving & sharps) mutilation shredding Liquid waste (generated from laboratory Disinfection by chemical treatment+ Category 8 washing, cleaning, and discharge into the drains housekeeping and disinfecting activity) Category
Category 9 Incineration ash
Disposal in municipal landfill
Chemical Treatment + and discharge in to drain for liquids and secured landfill for solids
Category10 Chemical Wastes
Management
Color coding
Type of container
Waste category option Cat 1,2,3,6 deep
treatment
Incineration /
YELLOW
PLASTIC BAG
RED
Disinfected container / plastic bag
Blue/white Plastic bag/ translucent Puncture proof
burial Cat 3,6,7 Autoclave/microwave /chemical treatment Cat 4,7 Autoclave/microwave /chemical treatment / destruction shredding Cat 5,9,10 Disposal in secure landfill
BLACK
Plastic bag
Disposal Of Wastes
Containers Type
Container type
Must be appropriate to contents & regulations
Bags – NO sharps, medicines or liquids Sharps bins – sharps ONLY Other Rigid Bins – various e.g.
High liquid-content Clinical Combustible Radioactive Special & Clinical (e.g. Cytotoxic) Waste medicines
Containers – Colour
Container colour
Tells other staff what is in the container Tells the contractor what to do with the waste Can apply to both sacks and rigid containers
Safe for Disposal to General Waste Lab plastics Carcass, anatomical
Sharps Cytotoxic
Disposal Procedure – Carcass
Carcass or anatomical material
Small / medium carcasses or obvious body parts Render safe first Yellow bags or containers Freeze prior to collection or keep refrigerated
Disposal Procedure – Blood
Blood or body fluids
Render safe first Including heavily soaked materials (e.g. swabs, dressings) Yellow containers or heavy gauge yellow bags (only if doubled and NOT leaking) Freeze prior to collection
Disposal Procedure – Sharps
Sharps
Including needles, scalpel blades and small pieces of glass ALWAYS USE a Sharps bin Do NOT overfill or shake Follow H&S guidance and take care (If contaminated) autoclave when bin is full
Disposal Procedure – Plastics
Laboratory plastics
Render safe first If non-identifiable following autoclave then nonclinical disposal [Black Bag and label “Safe for Disposal”] If identifiable still then possibly “offensive” Orange Bag and label as for Clinical Waste
Oct/Nov2006
Introduction to Biological Waste Training Session
Slide #26
Disposal Procedure – Glass
Glassware
Render safe first Designated boxes – clearly labelled “Broken Glassware – Safe for Disposal”
Except if contains hazardous chemicals – special disposal route via Chemistry
Disposal Procedure – Medicines
Medicines
Designated medicine bins only (usually Blue Rigid container) Do not use containers intended for other uses (e.g. sharps bins) Do not pour down the drain Some medicines are considered to be Special Waste
Disposal Procedure – Special I
Cytotoxic Waste
Special Waste, therefore
Packaging and labelling requirements Holding locations – separate containment “Pre-notification” of SEPA by contractor & Special Waste Consignment Note Extra charges
Notify Waste Manager
Disposal Procedure – Special II
Infectious Waste
Wherever possible, should be rendered safe / inactivated BEFORE leaving the lab If not possible then special conditions apply:
Packaging and labelling Holding locations – separate containment “Pre-notification” of SEPA Extra paperwork Extra charges
Notify Waste Manager immediately
Disposal Procedure - Reminder
Key points to remember:
Never fill sacks more than ¾ full Never overfill sharps bins Do NOT use anything that leaks Secure sacks with a plastic tie/seal bins before removing from lab Always use a Barcode Label and complete your Label Record Sheet Know if it is “Special Waste” & act accordingly Place in approved Holding Location (freezer)
Resources
www.Wikipedia.org www.WHO.org www.google.com
By group I (KHADIJAH WALI,AQSA ANWAR,ARSHAM TORKAMAN,EBRAHIM JOOSAB,FAISAL FAROOQ and ALI SOHAIL)
Learning Objectives
Define
biomedical waste management Classification of biomedical waste management Disposal of biomedical wastes.
Biomedical waste management
Definition:
“Bio Medical waste” is any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining to or in the production or testing of biologicals and categories.
Healthcare waste Definition
Healthcare waste (HCW) is defined as the total waste stream from a healthcare facility (HCF) Two basic categories
Healthcare General Waste (HCGW) 75-90% Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW) 10-25%
Healthcare general waste
Healthcare General Waste (HCGW)
Paper Packaging Plastic packaging Food preparation And other items that haven’t been contaminated
Healthcare risk waste
Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW)
Infectious waste Hazardous waste Harmful to humans and environment
SOURCE OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
Biomedical waste is generated in: hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, medical laboratories, blood banks, animal houses etc. Such a waste can also be generated at home if health care is being provided there to a patient (e.g. injection, dressing material etc.)
Components
Solids:
Catheters and tubes Disposable masks and scrubs Disposable tools Medical gloves Wound dressings
Contd…
Liquids:
Blood Body fluids and tissues Cell, organ and tissue cultures
Contd…
Sharps: Blades (Razor or Scalpel) Material made up glass such as cuvettes and slides. Needles Plastic pipettes and syringes
Contd…
Laboratory waste:
Animal carcasses Hazardous chemicals Medicinal plants Radioactive material with biological components Supernatants Cadavers,urine,feces and cytotoxic drug are not considered biomedical waste
classification
Classification
Non hazardous: approximately 75-90% of the biomedical waste is non-hazardous and as harmless as any other municipal waste. (E.G, Plastic,Glass,Cardboared,etc)
Classification
Hazardous waste:
10-25% is hazardous and can be injurious to humans or animals and deleterious to environment. It is important to realise that if both these types are mixed together then the whole waste becomes harmful.
Classification and management
Category Waste Type Treatment and Disposal Method
Human Wastes Category 1 (Tissues, organs, body parts Category 2 Animal Waste Microbiology and Category 3 Biotechnology waste
Category 4 Sharps Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic Drugs
Incineration / deep burial Incineration / deep burial Autoclave/microwave/incineration Disinfection (chemical treatment)+/autoclaving/microwaving and mutilation shredding Incineration/ destruction and drugs disposal in secured landfills
Category 5
Contd…
Waste Type Treatment and Disposal Method Contaminated solid Incineration/autoclaving / Category 6 waste microwaving Solid waste (disposable Disinfection by chemical treatment+ Category 7 items other than microwaving/autoclaving & sharps) mutilation shredding Liquid waste (generated from laboratory Disinfection by chemical treatment+ Category 8 washing, cleaning, and discharge into the drains housekeeping and disinfecting activity) Category
Category 9 Incineration ash
Disposal in municipal landfill
Chemical Treatment + and discharge in to drain for liquids and secured landfill for solids
Category10 Chemical Wastes
Management
Color coding
Type of container
Waste category option Cat 1,2,3,6 deep
treatment
Incineration /
YELLOW
PLASTIC BAG
RED
Disinfected container / plastic bag
Blue/white Plastic bag/ translucent Puncture proof
burial Cat 3,6,7 Autoclave/microwave /chemical treatment Cat 4,7 Autoclave/microwave /chemical treatment / destruction shredding Cat 5,9,10 Disposal in secure landfill
BLACK
Plastic bag
Disposal Of Wastes
Containers Type
Container type
Must be appropriate to contents & regulations
Bags – NO sharps, medicines or liquids Sharps bins – sharps ONLY Other Rigid Bins – various e.g.
High liquid-content Clinical Combustible Radioactive Special & Clinical (e.g. Cytotoxic) Waste medicines
Containers – Colour
Container colour
Tells other staff what is in the container Tells the contractor what to do with the waste Can apply to both sacks and rigid containers
Safe for Disposal to General Waste Lab plastics Carcass, anatomical
Sharps Cytotoxic
Disposal Procedure – Carcass
Carcass or anatomical material
Small / medium carcasses or obvious body parts Render safe first Yellow bags or containers Freeze prior to collection or keep refrigerated
Disposal Procedure – Blood
Blood or body fluids
Render safe first Including heavily soaked materials (e.g. swabs, dressings) Yellow containers or heavy gauge yellow bags (only if doubled and NOT leaking) Freeze prior to collection
Disposal Procedure – Sharps
Sharps
Including needles, scalpel blades and small pieces of glass ALWAYS USE a Sharps bin Do NOT overfill or shake Follow H&S guidance and take care (If contaminated) autoclave when bin is full
Disposal Procedure – Plastics
Laboratory plastics
Render safe first If non-identifiable following autoclave then nonclinical disposal [Black Bag and label “Safe for Disposal”] If identifiable still then possibly “offensive” Orange Bag and label as for Clinical Waste
Oct/Nov2006
Introduction to Biological Waste Training Session
Slide #26
Disposal Procedure – Glass
Glassware
Render safe first Designated boxes – clearly labelled “Broken Glassware – Safe for Disposal”
Except if contains hazardous chemicals – special disposal route via Chemistry
Disposal Procedure – Medicines
Medicines
Designated medicine bins only (usually Blue Rigid container) Do not use containers intended for other uses (e.g. sharps bins) Do not pour down the drain Some medicines are considered to be Special Waste
Disposal Procedure – Special I
Cytotoxic Waste
Special Waste, therefore
Packaging and labelling requirements Holding locations – separate containment “Pre-notification” of SEPA by contractor & Special Waste Consignment Note Extra charges
Notify Waste Manager
Disposal Procedure – Special II
Infectious Waste
Wherever possible, should be rendered safe / inactivated BEFORE leaving the lab If not possible then special conditions apply:
Packaging and labelling Holding locations – separate containment “Pre-notification” of SEPA Extra paperwork Extra charges
Notify Waste Manager immediately
Disposal Procedure - Reminder
Key points to remember:
Never fill sacks more than ¾ full Never overfill sharps bins Do NOT use anything that leaks Secure sacks with a plastic tie/seal bins before removing from lab Always use a Barcode Label and complete your Label Record Sheet Know if it is “Special Waste” & act accordingly Place in approved Holding Location (freezer)
Resources
www.Wikipedia.org www.WHO.org www.google.com
