Bioethanol From MSW
Bioethanol from municipal solod waste is a great project or business venture to involved with. Not just it helping and doing favor to the environment but generates income as well.
Content
Group members: 1. Nor aini bt md rudin 2. Siti roseha bt mohd hamzah 3. Ainihayati bt ismail 4. Fatin nadhirah mahazan
KA08028 KA08045 KA08059
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Consists everyday items that we used and then throw away Solid waste generated in 2002 was 17,000 tones per day in Peninsular Malaysia Generation of solid waste expected to reach 30,000 tones per day in 2020
Residential
6.30% 14.30%
63.10% 6.70% 2.10% Food & Organics Mix Paper Mix Plastics Yard
Glass
Commercial
0.90%
7.60% 9% Food & Organics Paper 76.80% Plastics Glass
Landfills Site for the disposal of waste materials 291 landfill sites all over the country as at April 2007 (Nazri Yahya, National Solid Waste Management Department ) About 112 of these sites are not in operation 179 still operating (10 sanitary)
Mean: any source of usable energy intended to replace fuel sources
Wind Power
Hydrogen
Solar Power
Natural Gas
TYPES OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
Geothermal Energy
Biofuels
Hydroelectric Power
Nuclear Energy
Fuel from renewable biomass material, commonly used as an alternative cleaner fuel source (Clean Energy Ideas, 2011).
Ethanol
Biodiesel
Biogas
The world’s oil reserves will last for only 30 to 40 years. Depletion of source, oil drilling, complication in oil recovery increase the production cost.
Consequently.. Uses of fossil fuel caused climate crises
◦ Pollution ◦ GHG emissions
1st generation bio-fuels Produced from food crops (corn ethanol, soy bio-diesel) Involved in multiple environmental effect
◦ GHG emissions ◦ Threats to global food supply.
2nd generation bio-fuels Produced from biomass Cheaper—raw materials from garbage Reduce pollution Lots of supply—raw materials generated daily and keep increasing Helps reducing waste Generate handsome amount of money
Solid waste is a major environmental problem in Malaysia 2008—23,000 tonnes produced daily Estimate 2017—30,000 t/d <5% is recycled Selangor alone, generated waste is expected to rise to 5700t/d in 2017
Our situation About 90% of wastes disposed to landfills, remaining either incinerated(2%),recycled (5%)or dumped illegally.
Currently, we have 291 landfills (as of April 2007)
◦ 179 open (10 sanitary) ◦ 112 not in operation
The lifespan of landfills:
◦ 5-10 years only
Year
Population (million) 13.727 15.450 15.913 16.391 16.882 17.389 17.911 20.598 23.284
1991 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2005 2010
Avg Waste Gen. Rate Total amount of Solid (kg/cap.day) Waste Generated (million tones) 0.7 2.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.9 5.9 7.0
Estimated solid waste generation in
State
(kg/cap.day)
Kuala Lumpur
1.57
Selangor
1.26
Pahang
0.92
Terengganu
0.86
Kelantan
0.5
Johor
1.35
Melaka
1.2
N. Sembilan
1.2
Penag
0.96
Per-capita waste generation rate per day for each state in Peninsular Malaysia (2002)
Gasification process
Ethanol production is commercially insignificant in Malaysia. There is an opportunity for ethanol production from MSW biomass but the technology is yet to be commercialized. From 2005 until 2011 the ethanol prices averaged in Chicago Board is $2.04 per gallon or RM 1.70 per liters
Type of fuel
Malaysia Fuel
Price (RM)/
Liter
Subsidy (RM)
RON 95 Diesel B5 biodiesel
1.90 1.80 1.80
2.75 2.66
Comparison for fuel price in Malaysia (Lim, 2011)
-
2003 Brazil 13.0
2004 13.5
2005 14.0
2010 18.0
USA
10.7
13.9
14.2
18.0
Canada
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.8
EU
0.5
0.7
2.0
11.7
Other
0.0
0.5
1.0
12.6
Total
24.4
28.8
31.7
61.1
Table : World fuel ethanol demand (Millions m3) (Nyberg, 2004)
Factors driving ethanol market: •High oil prices. •National energy security considerations. •Ethanol tax incentives. •Improved technology - lower costs of ethanol production. •Climate change concerns.
2008 Brazil 4,988 2009 5,238 2010 5,489 2011 5,739 2012 5,990
U.S.
6,198
6,858
7,518
8,178
8,838
Canada
230
276
322
368
414
Indonesia
76
84
92
100
108
ROW
2,302
2,548
2,794
3,040
3,286
World
13,794
15,004
16,215
17,425
18,636
Millions of Gallons World Ethanol Production Forecast 2008 - 2012 by Country (Market Research Analysis, 2008)
Major findings of the World’s Ethanol Production Forecast 2008 - 2012: World’s ethanol production will pass 20 Billion gallons in 2012. Ethanol production is expected to grow in 2008 - 2012 with CAGR about 5%. U.S. and Brazil are leading the world in production of ethanol.
World ethanol price (The crop Site, 2010)
500 tons per day production of ethanol fuel: The plant operating cost = $1 794 000 per year, Feedstock cost =$5 054 400 per year, MSW classification =$600 000 per year Administration expenses =$892 942 per year. Total cost for the plant =$8 341 342 per year (Sakamoto, 2004)
The demand for ethanol fuel for 2010 is 0.1 million m3 or 85 622 MT/annum. The new plant will produce 200 MT/ day to fulfill the consumer. (200 MT / day) x (1167.9189 liter / MT) = 233 584 liter / day (RM 1.70 / liter) x (233 584 liter / day) x (365 day / year) x ($ / RM 3.14) = $ 46 158 876 / year $ 46 158 876/ year - $8 341 342 / year = $ 37 817 534 / year
Thank
you….
KA08028 KA08045 KA08059
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Consists everyday items that we used and then throw away Solid waste generated in 2002 was 17,000 tones per day in Peninsular Malaysia Generation of solid waste expected to reach 30,000 tones per day in 2020
Residential
6.30% 14.30%
63.10% 6.70% 2.10% Food & Organics Mix Paper Mix Plastics Yard
Glass
Commercial
0.90%
7.60% 9% Food & Organics Paper 76.80% Plastics Glass
Landfills Site for the disposal of waste materials 291 landfill sites all over the country as at April 2007 (Nazri Yahya, National Solid Waste Management Department ) About 112 of these sites are not in operation 179 still operating (10 sanitary)
Mean: any source of usable energy intended to replace fuel sources
Wind Power
Hydrogen
Solar Power
Natural Gas
TYPES OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
Geothermal Energy
Biofuels
Hydroelectric Power
Nuclear Energy
Fuel from renewable biomass material, commonly used as an alternative cleaner fuel source (Clean Energy Ideas, 2011).
Ethanol
Biodiesel
Biogas
The world’s oil reserves will last for only 30 to 40 years. Depletion of source, oil drilling, complication in oil recovery increase the production cost.
Consequently.. Uses of fossil fuel caused climate crises
◦ Pollution ◦ GHG emissions
1st generation bio-fuels Produced from food crops (corn ethanol, soy bio-diesel) Involved in multiple environmental effect
◦ GHG emissions ◦ Threats to global food supply.
2nd generation bio-fuels Produced from biomass Cheaper—raw materials from garbage Reduce pollution Lots of supply—raw materials generated daily and keep increasing Helps reducing waste Generate handsome amount of money
Solid waste is a major environmental problem in Malaysia 2008—23,000 tonnes produced daily Estimate 2017—30,000 t/d <5% is recycled Selangor alone, generated waste is expected to rise to 5700t/d in 2017
Our situation About 90% of wastes disposed to landfills, remaining either incinerated(2%),recycled (5%)or dumped illegally.
Currently, we have 291 landfills (as of April 2007)
◦ 179 open (10 sanitary) ◦ 112 not in operation
The lifespan of landfills:
◦ 5-10 years only
Year
Population (million) 13.727 15.450 15.913 16.391 16.882 17.389 17.911 20.598 23.284
1991 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2005 2010
Avg Waste Gen. Rate Total amount of Solid (kg/cap.day) Waste Generated (million tones) 0.7 2.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.9 5.9 7.0
Estimated solid waste generation in
State
(kg/cap.day)
Kuala Lumpur
1.57
Selangor
1.26
Pahang
0.92
Terengganu
0.86
Kelantan
0.5
Johor
1.35
Melaka
1.2
N. Sembilan
1.2
Penag
0.96
Per-capita waste generation rate per day for each state in Peninsular Malaysia (2002)
Gasification process
Ethanol production is commercially insignificant in Malaysia. There is an opportunity for ethanol production from MSW biomass but the technology is yet to be commercialized. From 2005 until 2011 the ethanol prices averaged in Chicago Board is $2.04 per gallon or RM 1.70 per liters
Type of fuel
Malaysia Fuel
Price (RM)/
Liter
Subsidy (RM)
RON 95 Diesel B5 biodiesel
1.90 1.80 1.80
2.75 2.66
Comparison for fuel price in Malaysia (Lim, 2011)
-
2003 Brazil 13.0
2004 13.5
2005 14.0
2010 18.0
USA
10.7
13.9
14.2
18.0
Canada
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.8
EU
0.5
0.7
2.0
11.7
Other
0.0
0.5
1.0
12.6
Total
24.4
28.8
31.7
61.1
Table : World fuel ethanol demand (Millions m3) (Nyberg, 2004)
Factors driving ethanol market: •High oil prices. •National energy security considerations. •Ethanol tax incentives. •Improved technology - lower costs of ethanol production. •Climate change concerns.
2008 Brazil 4,988 2009 5,238 2010 5,489 2011 5,739 2012 5,990
U.S.
6,198
6,858
7,518
8,178
8,838
Canada
230
276
322
368
414
Indonesia
76
84
92
100
108
ROW
2,302
2,548
2,794
3,040
3,286
World
13,794
15,004
16,215
17,425
18,636
Millions of Gallons World Ethanol Production Forecast 2008 - 2012 by Country (Market Research Analysis, 2008)
Major findings of the World’s Ethanol Production Forecast 2008 - 2012: World’s ethanol production will pass 20 Billion gallons in 2012. Ethanol production is expected to grow in 2008 - 2012 with CAGR about 5%. U.S. and Brazil are leading the world in production of ethanol.
World ethanol price (The crop Site, 2010)
500 tons per day production of ethanol fuel: The plant operating cost = $1 794 000 per year, Feedstock cost =$5 054 400 per year, MSW classification =$600 000 per year Administration expenses =$892 942 per year. Total cost for the plant =$8 341 342 per year (Sakamoto, 2004)
The demand for ethanol fuel for 2010 is 0.1 million m3 or 85 622 MT/annum. The new plant will produce 200 MT/ day to fulfill the consumer. (200 MT / day) x (1167.9189 liter / MT) = 233 584 liter / day (RM 1.70 / liter) x (233 584 liter / day) x (365 day / year) x ($ / RM 3.14) = $ 46 158 876 / year $ 46 158 876/ year - $8 341 342 / year = $ 37 817 534 / year
Thank
you….
