Non-living things = chemical elements
All living things = cell
unicellular
multicellular
Levels of
Biological
Organization
emergent species
Diversity of Life
Energy
Photosynthesis
Metabolism
How to Define Life?
Homeostasis –
ability to
maintain
internal state
How to Define Life?
Reproduce and Develop
Adaptation
Organizing Diversity
Evolutionary Tree of Life
Organizing Diversity
Taxonomy- identifying and grouping organisms according to certain rules
Systematics– evolutionary relationships between organisms
Domain Bacteria, Archea, Eukarya
Organizing Diversity
Scientific name
Evolution is "common descent with
modification"
Charles Darwin > Natural Selection
-adaptation
Homo sapiens
Helianthus sp
Biodiversity
Ecosystems cannot function properly unless they remain biologically diverse
Tropical rainforest
Coral reef
The Process of Science
Scientific Theory- concepts that
join together well-supported
and related hypothesis
Hypothesis- inductive reasoning
to formulate possible
explanation
Carbon
Pure carbon exists free in nature and has been known since
prehistoric time
occurs in all living organisms
Carbon is a nonmetal that can bond with itself and many other
chemical elements, forming nearly ten million compounds.
Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe
Types of Bonds
Ionic Bonding
Attraction between negatively and positively charged ions
Types of Bonds
Covalent Bonding
Two atoms share
electrons in such a
way that each atom
has an octet of
electrons in the outer
shell
CO2
Non-polar and
Polar Covalent Bonds
H2O
C2H4
Types of Bonds
Hydrogen bonding
Properties of Water
1.
2.
3.
4.
High Heat Capacity
High Heat of Evaporation
Water is a Solvent
Water Molecules are
Cohesive and Adhesive
5. Ice is less Dense than liquid
water
Acid
High [H+]
Dissociates in water
Sour
Base
Low [H+]
take/release H/OH ions
Bitter
Organic Molecules
Carbohydrates- immediate energy source of living things
Monosaccharides (glucose) cellular fuel
Disaccharides (sucrose) table sugar
Polysaccharides (starch) energy storage molecules
as Structural Molecules
Plants = Cellulose
Crustaceans = Chitin
Bacteria = Peptidoglycan
Organic Molecules
Lipids- insoluble in water
due to hydrocarbon chains