Blood Bank
Content
By Shariq Ansari
DEFINITION: A blood bank is a cache or bank of blood or blood components, gathered as a result of blood donation, stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusion. The term "Blood bank" typically refers to a division of a hospital laboratory where the storage of blood product occurs and where proper testing is performed to reduce the risk of transfusion related events. This includes compatibility testing for transfusion and may include blood donation processing, depending on the capabilities of the facility.
INTRODUCTION
Today, it is not just a bank to collect & issue blood, it prepares and supplies individual blood component, to the patients as and when the need arises during the course of treatment. The planning & management of any blood bank depends on number of functions it is required to serve and the number of units of demand of blood & blood products. In recent years blood transfusion services have become an integral part of the health care system. The primary objective planning for a blood bank is to ensure adequacy, accessibility and efficient supply of blood & its products in a safe, cost effective and coordinated manner. A Blood Bank today is a place or organization or unit or institution or other arrangements made by such organization, unit or institution for carrying out all, or any of the operations for collection, apheresis, storage, processing & distribution of blood components.
FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD BANK
The following are the functions of blood bank in modern medicine: Selection of donors (i.e.) to determine the suitability Ļ Blood collection Ļ Screening of blood for various blood borne diseases Ļ Component preparation Ļ Storage of blood & blood products Ļ Record keeping of the above Ļ Training of medical & paramedical staff Ļ Research.
PLANNING DETAILS
Following are the part of planning program of a blood bank and transfusion centre.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Locations and Surroundings Space Requirements Functional & Operational Aspects Staffing of Blood Bank List of Equipment in the Blood Bank Waste Disposal Record Keeping Good Manufacturing Practices / SOPS
FROZEN BLOOD
Frozen blood is the newest concept in blood banking. It is needed in a tertiary level hospital because, Frozen RBC has a shelf life of one year. All parameters of blood cells is maintained for a year. In this case 4-5 days of old blood is generally frozen. it allows building a long term inventory of rare blood groups. Frozen cells can also be effectively stocked for military mobilization or for any civil disaster.
BLOOD BANKS IN INDIA ARE REGULATED BY DRUG CONTROL ACT
BLOOD IS CONSIDERED HERE AS DRUG
CORD BLOOD BANK
A cord blood bank is a facility which stores umbilical cord blood for future use. Both private and public cord blood banks have developed since the mid- to late-1990s in response to the potential for cord blood transplants in treating diseases of the blood and immune systems.
BENEFITS OF BANKING CORD BLOOD
Cord blood stem cells are currently used in the treatment of several lifethreatening diseases, and play an important role in the treatment of blood and immune system related genetic diseases, cancers, and blood disorders. The first clinically documented use of cord blood stem cells was in the successful treatment of a six-year-old boy afflicted by Fanconi anemia in 1988. Since then, cord blood has become increasingly recognized as a source of stem cells that can be used in stem cell therapy. Recent studies have shown that cord blood has unique advantages over traditional bone marrow transplantation, particularly in children, and can be life-saving in rare cases where a suitable bone-marrow donor cannot be found. Researchers are exploring the use of cord blood stem cells in the following regenerative medicine applications.
a. b. c. Type 1 Diabetes. Cardiovascular. Central Nervous System.
QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE BLOOD BANK
.
The quality requirements involve : Quality control and proficiency testing Internal and external audits Personnel and organization Premises, equipment and materials Documentation Blood processing Complaints and component recall Investigation of errors and accidents
QUALITY CONTROL INCLUDES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. QUALITY ASSURANCE IN COLLECTION OF BLOOD QUALITY CONTROL IN BLOOD GROUP SEROLOGY INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE QUALITY CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE TEST QUALITY CONTROL IN TRANSFUSION PRACTICE
Biologic Event
Explosive Device
Chemical Event
Radiation
DISASTER PLANNING FOR THE TRANSFUSION SERVICES
Major Fires
Building Collapse
Blizzards
DISASTER PLANNING FOR THE TRANSFUSION SERVICES
The blood bank or transfusion service shall have emergency operation plans, to respond to the effects of disasters. The intent of this requirement is that facilities have policies, processes, and procedures that address both employee safety and that ensure the facility͛s ability to provide clinical care during times of extreme need, whether disasters be internal or external. Some examples of management planning include maintaining multiple alternate providers for critical services and supplies, alternative options for transportation of blood samples and personnel, alternative site location, and staffing alternatives.
DISASTER PLAN
TRANSFUSION SERVICES
Initiation of Disaster Response Clarity of Communication Definition of Responsibilities Personnel, Reagents, Equipment, etc. Blood Procurement
(Blood Substitutes when they are available.)
Patient Identification Degree of Testing Issuing, Transportation (pneumatic Tube), and Storage Termination of Disaster Response
DEFINITION: A blood bank is a cache or bank of blood or blood components, gathered as a result of blood donation, stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusion. The term "Blood bank" typically refers to a division of a hospital laboratory where the storage of blood product occurs and where proper testing is performed to reduce the risk of transfusion related events. This includes compatibility testing for transfusion and may include blood donation processing, depending on the capabilities of the facility.
INTRODUCTION
Today, it is not just a bank to collect & issue blood, it prepares and supplies individual blood component, to the patients as and when the need arises during the course of treatment. The planning & management of any blood bank depends on number of functions it is required to serve and the number of units of demand of blood & blood products. In recent years blood transfusion services have become an integral part of the health care system. The primary objective planning for a blood bank is to ensure adequacy, accessibility and efficient supply of blood & its products in a safe, cost effective and coordinated manner. A Blood Bank today is a place or organization or unit or institution or other arrangements made by such organization, unit or institution for carrying out all, or any of the operations for collection, apheresis, storage, processing & distribution of blood components.
FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD BANK
The following are the functions of blood bank in modern medicine: Selection of donors (i.e.) to determine the suitability Ļ Blood collection Ļ Screening of blood for various blood borne diseases Ļ Component preparation Ļ Storage of blood & blood products Ļ Record keeping of the above Ļ Training of medical & paramedical staff Ļ Research.
PLANNING DETAILS
Following are the part of planning program of a blood bank and transfusion centre.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Locations and Surroundings Space Requirements Functional & Operational Aspects Staffing of Blood Bank List of Equipment in the Blood Bank Waste Disposal Record Keeping Good Manufacturing Practices / SOPS
FROZEN BLOOD
Frozen blood is the newest concept in blood banking. It is needed in a tertiary level hospital because, Frozen RBC has a shelf life of one year. All parameters of blood cells is maintained for a year. In this case 4-5 days of old blood is generally frozen. it allows building a long term inventory of rare blood groups. Frozen cells can also be effectively stocked for military mobilization or for any civil disaster.
BLOOD BANKS IN INDIA ARE REGULATED BY DRUG CONTROL ACT
BLOOD IS CONSIDERED HERE AS DRUG
CORD BLOOD BANK
A cord blood bank is a facility which stores umbilical cord blood for future use. Both private and public cord blood banks have developed since the mid- to late-1990s in response to the potential for cord blood transplants in treating diseases of the blood and immune systems.
BENEFITS OF BANKING CORD BLOOD
Cord blood stem cells are currently used in the treatment of several lifethreatening diseases, and play an important role in the treatment of blood and immune system related genetic diseases, cancers, and blood disorders. The first clinically documented use of cord blood stem cells was in the successful treatment of a six-year-old boy afflicted by Fanconi anemia in 1988. Since then, cord blood has become increasingly recognized as a source of stem cells that can be used in stem cell therapy. Recent studies have shown that cord blood has unique advantages over traditional bone marrow transplantation, particularly in children, and can be life-saving in rare cases where a suitable bone-marrow donor cannot be found. Researchers are exploring the use of cord blood stem cells in the following regenerative medicine applications.
a. b. c. Type 1 Diabetes. Cardiovascular. Central Nervous System.
QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE BLOOD BANK
.
The quality requirements involve : Quality control and proficiency testing Internal and external audits Personnel and organization Premises, equipment and materials Documentation Blood processing Complaints and component recall Investigation of errors and accidents
QUALITY CONTROL INCLUDES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. QUALITY ASSURANCE IN COLLECTION OF BLOOD QUALITY CONTROL IN BLOOD GROUP SEROLOGY INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE QUALITY CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE TEST QUALITY CONTROL IN TRANSFUSION PRACTICE
Biologic Event
Explosive Device
Chemical Event
Radiation
DISASTER PLANNING FOR THE TRANSFUSION SERVICES
Major Fires
Building Collapse
Blizzards
DISASTER PLANNING FOR THE TRANSFUSION SERVICES
The blood bank or transfusion service shall have emergency operation plans, to respond to the effects of disasters. The intent of this requirement is that facilities have policies, processes, and procedures that address both employee safety and that ensure the facility͛s ability to provide clinical care during times of extreme need, whether disasters be internal or external. Some examples of management planning include maintaining multiple alternate providers for critical services and supplies, alternative options for transportation of blood samples and personnel, alternative site location, and staffing alternatives.
DISASTER PLAN
TRANSFUSION SERVICES
Initiation of Disaster Response Clarity of Communication Definition of Responsibilities Personnel, Reagents, Equipment, etc. Blood Procurement
(Blood Substitutes when they are available.)
Patient Identification Degree of Testing Issuing, Transportation (pneumatic Tube), and Storage Termination of Disaster Response
