Bmw
Content
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 1
Thermoelectric Power Generation -
The
Next Step to Future CO
2
Reductions?!
Dr. Andreas Eder
Manager Advanced Development –
BMW EfficientDynamics / Thermal Management
San Diego, September 30, 2009
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 2
BMW EfficientDynamics
How it began…
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 3
BMW EfficientDynamics.
Measures to reduce fuel consumption throughout the
entire fleet.
Over 1.35 million vehicles sold with BMW EfficientDynamcis.
22 BMW and 7 MINI models with a max. output of 140 g CO
2
/km.
Reduction of CO
2
emissions from 2005-2008: -25%.
CO
2
emissions in vehicle production: -17% in the last four years.
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 4
BMW EfficientDynamics.
CO
2
-regulations are intensifying worldwide.
Guidelines are heterogenous.
Self Commitment 2008
Law 120g CO
2
in 2012 w/ Penalties (up to 95€/g)
Law 95g / CO
2
/ 2020
Energy Conservation Law
2010 Stage 1
2015 Stage 2
Social Exclusion,
Amendment of
CAFE Penalties
Greenhouse Gas EPA
Restriction of Admission
National Standard 2012
Tightening 2016
Penalty for
single vehicles
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 5
Thermoelectric Power Generation –
The Next Step to Future CO
2
Reductions.
Thermal recuperation is a very interesting technology for
future CO
2
reduction.
Coolant
Exhaust
W
a
s
t
e
H
e
a
t
~1/3
Mech. Energie
Aggregate
Fahr-
widerstand
Getriebe
Engine
Heat up
Thermal
Recuperation
Electric
Recuperation
Mechanical Energy
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BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 6
116i 530dA 750iA
190 W
2%
330 W
3,5%
390 W
4%
750 W
6%
1000 W
8%
A
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r
a
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F
C
.
NEDC
customer NEDC
customer
NEDC customer
Thermoelectric Power Generation –
The Next Step to Future CO
2
Reductions.
Onbord electricity
is not for free!
400W
4%
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 7
Thermoelectric Power Generation -
The Next Step to
Future CO
2
Reductions.
There are smarter ways to generate electricity!
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 8
116i 530dA 750iA
190 W
2%
390 W
4%
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
d
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m
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f
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F
C
.
NEDC
customer
NEDC
customer
NEDC
customer
Thermoelectric Power Generation –
The Next Step to Future CO
2
Reductions.
Onbord
electricity is not for free!
400W
4%
Target for el. Power
from BER+TEG
330 W
3,5%
750 W
6%
1000 W
8%
BER: Brake Energy Regeneration
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 9
Thermoelectric Generator
with Bi
2
Te
3
modules
BMW Focus:
• TEG system-integration
• TEG operating strategy
• Pressure loss
• Relevant Temp.-range
Thermoelectric Power Generation –
The Next Step to Future CO
2
Reductions.
Thermoelectric Generators can be integrated
into vehicles.
Prototype vehicle: BMW 535i (US)
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 10
Thermoelectric Power Generation –
The Next Step to Future CO
2
Reductions.
The 2nd Generation is using high-temperature
modules.
12 High-temperature-
Modules (HT)
6 Low-temperature-
Modules (LT1)
6 Low-temperature-
Modules (LT2)
6 Low-temperature-
Modules (LT3)
1. Gen. Prototype (2007): P
el
< 200W
2. Gen. Prototype (2009): P
el
> 300W
3. Gen. Prototype (2010): P
el
> 500W
(BSST/DoE funded project)
Thermoelectric Power Generation –
The Next Step to Future CO
2
Reductions.
TEGs can be efficiently integrated into the onboard
electric system.
Thermoelectric Power Generation –
The Next Step to Future CO
2
Reductions.
The TEG directly unloads the alternator.
1. Gen TEG
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 13
Thermoelectric Power Generation –
The Next Step to Future CO
2
Reductions.
Possible Locations of a TEG.
After flange
Pretube
Exhaust
Manifold
Muffler
Three Way
Catalyst
Thermal Insulation
After flange position possible for a series application (new developed veh.)
Pretube position possible for TEG integration in existing vehicles (prototype)
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 14
Thermoelectric Power Generation –
The Next Step to Future CO
2
Reductions.
The potentials are very attractive, especially for
the customers!
0
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[
%
]
NEDC FTP75
US-
Combined
50 km/h 90 km/h 135 km/h NEDC FTP75
US-
Combined
50 km/h 90 km/h 135 km/h
Position: After flange Position: Pre-tube
Without insulation of the exhaust system
ZT
average
= 0.85 to 2
With insulation of the exhaust system
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 15
Thermoelectric Power Generation –
The Next Step to Future CO
2
Reductions.
Electric load corresponds directly to CO
2
Emissions.
NEDC: (European Drive Cycle)
100 W correspond to
0,13l/100km ≙
3g CO
2
/100km (gasoline)
0,10l/100km ≙
2,7g CO
2
/100km (diesel)
US-Combined Drive Cycle
100 W correspond to
0,10l/100km ≙
2,3g CO
2
/100km (gasoline)
Panalities per g CO
2
in the EU: 95€/g
Hydrogen CleanEnergy
Thermoelectric Power Generation –
The Next Step to Future CO
2
Reductions.
BMW is developing solutions for different applications.
city
suburban highway
eDrive
ActiveHybrid
Start-Stop Function
Power Train Aerodynamics
thermal recovery
Technical solution
Use area
Requirements
Emission-free Driving
Connected traffic
Range
Intelligent route selection
e.g. Ancillary units
Advanced Diesel
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 17
Thermoelectric Power Generation –
The Next Step to Future CO
2
Reductions.
Thermoelectric waste heat utilization is a
very attractive technology.
BMW CTO Dr. Draeger was awarded with the Eco-Globe
2008 for BMW‘s Thermoelectric Generator activities.
Thanks to DoE for initiating
the development
of this technology!
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 18
Thermoelectric Waste Heat Recovery…
…stands for energy recuperation with sheer
driving pleasure!
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 19
BMW EfficientDynamics.
Individual mobility with further reduced fuel
consumption and exhaust emission levels.
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 20
Backup
BMW EfficientDynamics
TM
–
BMW‘s Approach to Reduce CO
2
.
A TEG can Cover the Averaged Demand on Electriciy
in Future.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250
E
l
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c
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r
i
c
P
o
w
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r
[
W
]
Vehicle Speed [km/h]
Predicition of
TEG power for
a BMW 5-Series
(gasoline)
Today‘s demand on
electric power for
a BMW 5-Series customer
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 22
BMW EfficientDynamics.
Innovations in engine technology.
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 23
• The BMW Group demonstrated with its partners the feasibility of thermoelectric
power generation with a BMW 535i prototype vehicle.
FE improvement of ~5% in customer driving is achievable with improved
thermoelectric materials.
• TEGs are considered as Eco-innovations in Europe (US?).
• Risks: cost, durability, joining technologies, environmentally
friendly materials.
BMW EfficientDynamics
TM
–
BMW‘s Approach to Reduce CO
2
.
Thermoelectric Generator (TEG).
S
o
u
r
c
e
:
B
S
S
T
OEM
System Integration
Material Development
TIER1/2
Component Development
Joining Technology!
BMW Group
Dr. Andreas Eder
San Diego, 2009
Page 24
Thermoelectric Power Generation –
The Next Step to Future CO
2
Reductions.
A Thermoelectric Generator is an ideal combination
to the BMW Brake Energy Regeneration.
BSS T TEG (prognosis)
BMW TEG 2007
