BS
Content
Transforming Aggression into Compassion
Submitted bySriyans Lunia Sahil Gandhi Varun Bansal Bineet Khurana Angad Taneja Pulkit Mehra
1 Behavioural Science
Aggression
Aggression
An intentional behavior Intent is to harm The victim wants to avoid harm
2
Behavioural Science
Definitions
―Behavior that is intended to hurt another person or group‖ ― Behavior that results in personal injury or destruction of property‖ ―Behaviour directed towards the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment‖ ―The intentional infliction of some form of harm on others‖
3 Behavioural Science
Causes of Aggression
Aggressive behavior may sometimes feel uncontrollable, and keeps you feeling angry and looking for ways to cause harm. It can also affect the way that you function in a social setting.
Anger
Substance Abuse Instinct
Antisocial Personality Disorder
4
Behavioural Science
Anger
Anger is a common cause of aggression. Anger is a keystone emotion that other less common emotions feed through. Envy, greed, fear and desperation can all become anger through the course of emotion, which can result in aggression toward others. You might find yourself feeling aggressive when provoked to anger by someone else's words or actions.
5
Behavioural Science
Substance Abuse
The constant use of certain substances can alter your psychological reactions to certain situations, leaving you looking for a fight and ready to argue. Alcohol commonly alters a person's reactions, which often manifest as aggressive behavior; the "bar fight" is not a new phenomenon, and usually occurs because of intoxication. Other substances, like illegal drugs, can alter your behavior, resulting in aggression.
6
Behavioural Science
Instinct
"Human Aggression" that aggression often occurs as your body's response to certain instincts. When you feel unsafe or in jeopardy, your body releases adrenaline hormones into your brain to promote a fight-or-flight reaction to certain situations. When you feel aggressive toward another person, it may occur because of your body's response to sensing danger or fear.
7
Behavioural Science
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Antisocial personality disorder, or ASPD, is characterized by a continual disrespect for other's rights. Those who suffer from ASPD may cause fights, use aggression to intimidate others, behave deceitfully or show little remorse for their aggressive actions.
8
Behavioural Science
Types of aggression
Hostile Instrumental Passive Active
9
Behavioural Science
Hostile aggression
Hot, impulsive Intentional use of harmful behaviour ► the goal is to cause injury to the victim. Cold, premeditated Intentional use of harmful behaviour ► so that one can achieve some other goal. Harming others by withholding a behaviour (e.g., purposely failing to convey an important message). Harming others by performing a behaviour (e.g., spreading vicious rumors).
Behavioural Science
Instrumental aggression
Passive aggression
Active aggression
10
Aggression: Innate or Learned?
ARE WE BORN AGGRESSIVE OR IS AGGRESSIVENESS LEARNED THROUGH EXPERIENCE?
Innate aggression: an inevitable, biological inclination to violence Learned aggression: aggression taught through experience and imitation
11 Behavioural Science
Is there a cure?
There really is no definite cure for aggression but there are several ideas put forth that would help:
12
Reducing stressors such as frustration, discomfort, and provocation Providing healthy living conditions, an improved economy, and social support Government censorship of violent movies, television, and games, especially those which demean and degrade women Educational workshops
Behavioural Science
13
Behavioural Science
Compassion
Compassion is a virtue — one in which the emotional capacities of empathy and sympathy (for the suffering of others) are regarded as a part of love itself, and a cornerstone of greater social interconnection and humanism Compassion involves the recognition that the sufferings of others (as well as their joy) is also our own
Transforming Aggression Into Compassion
15
Behavioural Science
Step 1: Think of anger as a red light on your dashboard.
You learned that anger is a valuable warning signal that tells you to stop and look under your "emotional hood" at your feelings and needs, and to begin to look for outcomes that would make life more satisfying.
16
Behavioural Science
Step 2: Look clearly at what happened.
In this step you take a clear look at what you are reacting to. When you can describe what happened you are more likely to be clear about what you need. Thus you learn to identify "just the facts.―
17
Behavioural Science
Step 3: Take responsibility for how you feel.
Anger results from focusing your attention on what another person "should" or "shouldn't" do and judging them as "wrong" or "bad― . As your attention shifts to identifying which of your needs aren't being satisfied in a situation, your feelings will shift also. You learned that your feelings result from your needs being met or not met and are never the result of what another person does or doesn't do.
18
Behavioural Science
Step 4: "Name the blame" and get clear about what you feel.
Most of us have been trained to ignore our own wants and have been called selfish when we voice for our deepest yearnings. But the fact is, everybody has needs, all the time. When you're angry you are likely to have "blame thinking" going on in your head. we mix our evaluation with our feelings and this is what gives rise to "blame statements" in the first place. Separating your feelings from your judgment of others is an important part of getting clear about your needs and moving into action to get them met.
19 Behavioural Science
Step 5: Determine your need.
The beauty of being able to correctly interpret your feelings as warning signals is that once you discover what you need, you are back in a powerful position to act toward getting your need met! you experience a fuller sense of self because you get in touch with your needs and realize that you can take positive action in meeting those needs.
20
Behavioural Science
Step 6: Find the do behind the don't
When they are angry, people often focus on the behavior that they want the other person to stop.
21
Behavioural Science
Step 7: Think of a clear action request.
Earlier, you saw that angry people think they're angry because other people made them angry. Now you harness the power to undo this misconception and focus on the power you, and others have – the power to deliberately make life more wonderful through the use of a "present tense" request. You begin to envision positive actions that are in harmony with meeting your needs right now.
22
Behavioural Science
Step 8: Name their feelings and needs.
Just like coins, every situation has at least two sides. If you really want to reliably meet your own needs, it is important to make sure that the other person's needs are met as well. You refocus your awareness on the others involved, connect with their feelings and needs, and identify actions that might contribute to meeting their needs.
23
Behavioural Science
Step 9: Decide whose need you will talk about first.
This process is complete only after both people have been heard and understood and walk away satisfied. You're not yet done when only one person has been heard and understood.
You choose who you would like to speak first, knowing that you can continue the dialog until everyone's needs are met through actions everyone is willing to take.
24
Behavioural Science
Step 10: Now start talking.
You finally put it all together and begin a dance of communication, where you take turns expressing how you are and receiving how the other person is. You stay focused on making clear requests and tuned in to how you feel about what is being requested of you. You continue to try until everyone's needs are met through actions everyone agrees to take.
25
Behavioural Science
Always remember
Any form of aggression can be upsetting, but the most important thing to remember is that the person is not being aggressive deliberately. The behavior may appear to be targeted at you, but that is probably just because you are there. The fact that the person is aggressive towards you doesn't mean that their feelings towards you have changed − just that their reactions have become different as the structure of their brain has changed. Although the emotion at the root of the aggressive behaviour may persist, the person with dementia will probably quickly forget individual incidents.
26 Behavioural Science
Thank You
27 Behavioural Science
Submitted bySriyans Lunia Sahil Gandhi Varun Bansal Bineet Khurana Angad Taneja Pulkit Mehra
1 Behavioural Science
Aggression
Aggression
An intentional behavior Intent is to harm The victim wants to avoid harm
2
Behavioural Science
Definitions
―Behavior that is intended to hurt another person or group‖ ― Behavior that results in personal injury or destruction of property‖ ―Behaviour directed towards the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment‖ ―The intentional infliction of some form of harm on others‖
3 Behavioural Science
Causes of Aggression
Aggressive behavior may sometimes feel uncontrollable, and keeps you feeling angry and looking for ways to cause harm. It can also affect the way that you function in a social setting.
Anger
Substance Abuse Instinct
Antisocial Personality Disorder
4
Behavioural Science
Anger
Anger is a common cause of aggression. Anger is a keystone emotion that other less common emotions feed through. Envy, greed, fear and desperation can all become anger through the course of emotion, which can result in aggression toward others. You might find yourself feeling aggressive when provoked to anger by someone else's words or actions.
5
Behavioural Science
Substance Abuse
The constant use of certain substances can alter your psychological reactions to certain situations, leaving you looking for a fight and ready to argue. Alcohol commonly alters a person's reactions, which often manifest as aggressive behavior; the "bar fight" is not a new phenomenon, and usually occurs because of intoxication. Other substances, like illegal drugs, can alter your behavior, resulting in aggression.
6
Behavioural Science
Instinct
"Human Aggression" that aggression often occurs as your body's response to certain instincts. When you feel unsafe or in jeopardy, your body releases adrenaline hormones into your brain to promote a fight-or-flight reaction to certain situations. When you feel aggressive toward another person, it may occur because of your body's response to sensing danger or fear.
7
Behavioural Science
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Antisocial personality disorder, or ASPD, is characterized by a continual disrespect for other's rights. Those who suffer from ASPD may cause fights, use aggression to intimidate others, behave deceitfully or show little remorse for their aggressive actions.
8
Behavioural Science
Types of aggression
Hostile Instrumental Passive Active
9
Behavioural Science
Hostile aggression
Hot, impulsive Intentional use of harmful behaviour ► the goal is to cause injury to the victim. Cold, premeditated Intentional use of harmful behaviour ► so that one can achieve some other goal. Harming others by withholding a behaviour (e.g., purposely failing to convey an important message). Harming others by performing a behaviour (e.g., spreading vicious rumors).
Behavioural Science
Instrumental aggression
Passive aggression
Active aggression
10
Aggression: Innate or Learned?
ARE WE BORN AGGRESSIVE OR IS AGGRESSIVENESS LEARNED THROUGH EXPERIENCE?
Innate aggression: an inevitable, biological inclination to violence Learned aggression: aggression taught through experience and imitation
11 Behavioural Science
Is there a cure?
There really is no definite cure for aggression but there are several ideas put forth that would help:
12
Reducing stressors such as frustration, discomfort, and provocation Providing healthy living conditions, an improved economy, and social support Government censorship of violent movies, television, and games, especially those which demean and degrade women Educational workshops
Behavioural Science
13
Behavioural Science
Compassion
Compassion is a virtue — one in which the emotional capacities of empathy and sympathy (for the suffering of others) are regarded as a part of love itself, and a cornerstone of greater social interconnection and humanism Compassion involves the recognition that the sufferings of others (as well as their joy) is also our own
Transforming Aggression Into Compassion
15
Behavioural Science
Step 1: Think of anger as a red light on your dashboard.
You learned that anger is a valuable warning signal that tells you to stop and look under your "emotional hood" at your feelings and needs, and to begin to look for outcomes that would make life more satisfying.
16
Behavioural Science
Step 2: Look clearly at what happened.
In this step you take a clear look at what you are reacting to. When you can describe what happened you are more likely to be clear about what you need. Thus you learn to identify "just the facts.―
17
Behavioural Science
Step 3: Take responsibility for how you feel.
Anger results from focusing your attention on what another person "should" or "shouldn't" do and judging them as "wrong" or "bad― . As your attention shifts to identifying which of your needs aren't being satisfied in a situation, your feelings will shift also. You learned that your feelings result from your needs being met or not met and are never the result of what another person does or doesn't do.
18
Behavioural Science
Step 4: "Name the blame" and get clear about what you feel.
Most of us have been trained to ignore our own wants and have been called selfish when we voice for our deepest yearnings. But the fact is, everybody has needs, all the time. When you're angry you are likely to have "blame thinking" going on in your head. we mix our evaluation with our feelings and this is what gives rise to "blame statements" in the first place. Separating your feelings from your judgment of others is an important part of getting clear about your needs and moving into action to get them met.
19 Behavioural Science
Step 5: Determine your need.
The beauty of being able to correctly interpret your feelings as warning signals is that once you discover what you need, you are back in a powerful position to act toward getting your need met! you experience a fuller sense of self because you get in touch with your needs and realize that you can take positive action in meeting those needs.
20
Behavioural Science
Step 6: Find the do behind the don't
When they are angry, people often focus on the behavior that they want the other person to stop.
21
Behavioural Science
Step 7: Think of a clear action request.
Earlier, you saw that angry people think they're angry because other people made them angry. Now you harness the power to undo this misconception and focus on the power you, and others have – the power to deliberately make life more wonderful through the use of a "present tense" request. You begin to envision positive actions that are in harmony with meeting your needs right now.
22
Behavioural Science
Step 8: Name their feelings and needs.
Just like coins, every situation has at least two sides. If you really want to reliably meet your own needs, it is important to make sure that the other person's needs are met as well. You refocus your awareness on the others involved, connect with their feelings and needs, and identify actions that might contribute to meeting their needs.
23
Behavioural Science
Step 9: Decide whose need you will talk about first.
This process is complete only after both people have been heard and understood and walk away satisfied. You're not yet done when only one person has been heard and understood.
You choose who you would like to speak first, knowing that you can continue the dialog until everyone's needs are met through actions everyone is willing to take.
24
Behavioural Science
Step 10: Now start talking.
You finally put it all together and begin a dance of communication, where you take turns expressing how you are and receiving how the other person is. You stay focused on making clear requests and tuned in to how you feel about what is being requested of you. You continue to try until everyone's needs are met through actions everyone agrees to take.
25
Behavioural Science
Always remember
Any form of aggression can be upsetting, but the most important thing to remember is that the person is not being aggressive deliberately. The behavior may appear to be targeted at you, but that is probably just because you are there. The fact that the person is aggressive towards you doesn't mean that their feelings towards you have changed − just that their reactions have become different as the structure of their brain has changed. Although the emotion at the root of the aggressive behaviour may persist, the person with dementia will probably quickly forget individual incidents.
26 Behavioural Science
Thank You
27 Behavioural Science
