CELL PHONE

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CELL PHONE BASED VOTING SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

Using SMS Based Voting machine we can vote from our home just by sending a sms a specified format from our mobile. The entire voters will be provided with a unique password (pin) and identification number. For voting we have to send a sms in a predefined format. The voting machine will receive this messages and decode the message and verify the the Pin number and identification number if both number matches the voting machine will accept the vote else the message is rejected by the machine. The voting machine is implemented using pic microcontroller. A GSM MODEM is used to receive messages from voters. The microcontroller accepts this message and verifies the message and keep updates. A key is activated used to view the result. An LCD is used to display the final result.

INTRODUCTION
India is world¶s largest democracy. Fundamental right to vote or simply voting in elections forms the basis of Indian democracy. In India all earlier elections a voter used to cast his vote by using ballot paper. This is a longtime-consuming process and very much prone to errors. This situation continued till election scene was completely changed by electronic voting machine. No more ballot paper, ballot boxes, stamping,etc.all this condensed into a simple box called ballot unit of the electronic voting machine. Cell phone based voting machine is capable of saving considerable printing stationery and transport of large volumes of electoral material. It is easy to transport, store, and maintain. It completely rules out the chance of invalid votes. Its use results reduction of polling time, resulting in fewer problems in electoral preparations, law and order, candidates' expenditure,etc. and easy and accurate counting without any mischief at the counting centre. The aim of our project is to design & develop a mobile based voting machine. In this project user can dial the specific number from any land line or mobile phone to cast his vote. Once the user is connected to the voting machine he can enter his password & choice of vote. If he has entered a valid choice & password his vote will be caste with two short duration beeps. For invalid password/choice long beep will be generated. User is allotted 15 seconds to enter his password & choice. A reset button is provided for resetting the system. A total key is provided to display the result

BLOCK DIAGRAM

MOBILE LCD

PIC GSM MODEM 16F876A

SERIAL INTERFACE KEY

BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION

PIC MICROCONTROLLERS

y y PIC16F876
PIC

PPPPPP

y y y y y y y y y y y y

PIC±Peripheral Interface Controller 16±Midrange series F±Flash memory 873±28 pin,10bit adc, with internal EEPROM 12±Base line 16±Midrange 17/18±High end C±EPROM CR±ROM F±Flash 7X±28 pin,8bit adc, without internal EEPROM 87XX-28 pin,10bit adc, with internal EEPROM Naming of PIC Core features

y y y y y y

4K -Program memory 192 bytes -Data memory 128 bytes ±EEPROM Data Memory 8-bit RISC ALU Harvard architecture 28 pins with 22 I/O pins

MAX 232

The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals. The drivers provide RS-232 voltage level outputs (approx. ± 7.5 V) from a single + 5 V supply via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. This makes it useful for implementing RS-232 in devices that otherwise do not need any voltages outside the 0 V to + 5 V range, as power supply design does not need to be made more complicated just for driving the RS-232 in this case. The receivers reduce RS-232 inputs (which may be as high as ± 25 V), to standard 5 V TTL levels. These receivers have a typical threshold of 1.3 V, and a typical hysteresis of 0.5 V.The later MAX232A is backwards compatible with the original MAX232 but may operate at higher baud rates and can use smaller external capacitors ± 0.1 F in place of the 1.0 F capacitors used with the original device.[1]The

newer MAX3232 is also backwards compatible, but operates at a broader voltage range, from 3 to 5.5V.
LCD

This is the first interfacing example for the Parallel Port. We will start with something simple. This example doesn't use the Bi-directional feature found on newer ports, thus it should work with most, if not all Parallel Ports. These LCD Modules are very common these days, and are quite simple to work with, as all the logic required to run them is on board.The LCD panel's Enable and Register Select
is connected to the Control Port. The Control Port isan open collector / open drain output. While most Parallel Ports have internal pull-up resistors, there is a few which don't. Therefore by incorporating the two 10K external pull up resistors, the circuit is more portable for a wider range of computers, some of which may have no internal pull up resistors. We make no effort to place the Data bus into reverse direction. Therefore we hard wire the R/W line of the LCD panel, into write mode. This will cause no bus conflicts onthe data lines. As a result we cannot read back the LCD's internal Busy Flag which tells us if the LCD has accepted and finished processing the last instruction. This problem is overcome by inserting known delays into our program. The 10k Potentiometer controls the contrast of theLCD panel. Nothing fancy here. As with all the examples, I've left the power supply out. You can use a bench power supply set to 5v or use an onboard +5 regulator. Remember a few de-coupling capacitors, especially if you have trouble with the circuit working properly.

GSM MODEM A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-upmodem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sendsand receives data through radio waves. A GSM modem can be an external device or a PC Card PCMCIA Card. Typically, an external GSM modem is connected to a computer through a serial cable or a USB cable. A GSM modem in the form of a PC Card / PCMCIA Card is designed for use with a laptop computer. It should be inserted into one of the PC Card / PCMCIA Card slotsof a laptop computer. Like a GSM mobile phone, a GSM modem requires a SIM card from a wireless carrier in order to operate. As mentioned in earlier sections of this SMS tutorialcomputers use AT commands to control modems. Both GSM modems and dial-up modems support a common set of standard AT commands. You can use a GSM modem just like a dial-up modem.In addition to the standard AT commands, GSM modems support an extendedset of AT commands. These extended AT commands are defined in the GSM standards. With the extended AT commands, you can do things like:

y y y y y

Reading, writing and deleting SMS messages. Sending SMS messages. Monitoring the signal strength. Monitoring the charging status and charge level of the battery. Reading, writing and searching phone book entries.

The number of SMS messages that can be processed by a GSM modem per minute is very low -only about six to ten SMS messages per minute.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

POWER SUPPLY 7805 VOLTAGE REGULATOR The 78xx (also sometimes known as LM78xx) series
of devices is a family of self-contained fixed linear voltage regulator integrated circuits. The 78xx family is a very popular choice for many electronic circuits which require a regulated power supply, due to their ease of use and relative cheapness. When specifying individual ICs within this family, the xx is replaced with a two-digit number, which indicates the output voltage the particular device is designed to provide (for example, the 7805 has a 5 volt output, while the 7812 produces 12 volts).

MANUFACTURING OF SINGLE SIDED PCB S
From the discussion in section 6.3, the manufacturing of single sided PCB can be illustrated using this block diagra

Collect the printout of layout from CAD lab

Make the negative film(mask) using film makerm/c.

Cut the Cu clad laminate to the size and drill tooling holes

clean the board

Apply photo resist

Expose to UV light through the mask

Develop the image

Etch unwanted copper

Stop resist

Tin plating

Drill holes

Test bare board

Load the components

Solder the components

Block diagram for manufacturing single sided PCB
MANUFACTURING OF DOUBLE SIDED PCB Making of double sided PCB is similar to single sided but require some additional manufacturing processes.Layout design: Unlike the single sided boards, the double sided boards have layout designs for both side of the board; one is called the component side pattern and the other wiring side pattern. While designing on the computer, first the pattern of the component side and the wiring side is made in one sheet of the drawing using different colour.Prepare negative film for both side patterns on the separate lyth film. Cut the double sided board to correct size. Clean the board surfaces and drill the cooling holes.Apply photoresist coating on both sides of the board and expose them to UV light through their respective negative film. After developing the image, etching is done to remove the exposed copper areas. Now the board is placed on CNC machine to drill holes. Unlike single sided PCBs, doubled sided boards have copper tracks on both sides of the board which need to be interconnected. Thus additional holes are required along with normal holes for component insertion. These additional holes are used to connect copper tracks on opposite sides of the board and are known as via holes. The electrical connection between the two sides of the board is achieved by plating process. Thus these holes are also referred to as plated through holes (PTH).The through hole is

the way of connecting with the part, which connects the component side pattern and the wiring side pattern through a thin metallic pipe.

Layout design of a double-sided PCB

Now separate the pattern drawing of the wire side on and the one sheet and the component side on the other sheet.

(a) Wiring side layout

(b) Component side layout

4.3 PCB Layout of cell phone based voting system

4.3 PCB Component Layout of cell phone based voting system

ANALYSIS OF COMPONENTS USED
Sr. no
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Equipment
PIC 16F73 Voltage Regulator 7805 2 line LCD display Transformer Crystal Oscillator Switch LED Resistors(1K ,10K ) Capacitors(22pf,.1 f,10 f,470 f,1000 f) Diodes D9 connecter Sip resistor Berge strip IC base

Quantity
1 1 1 1 2 5 3 4 8

10 11 12 13 14

4 1 1 1 2

REFERENCES
[1]. Ramakand Gaykwad, Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits ,

Prentice Hall India Publishing Company [2]. Roy Choudhuri, Linear Integrated Circuits , New Age International Pvt Ltd Websites: 1. http://www.housestuffs.com 2. http://www.nationalSemiconductors.com 3. http://www.datasheetcatalog.com

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