Central Luzon State University
Content
Central Luzon State University Earth Science: Key Dates
Submitted by: Jim-Vinaldo A. Tolentino BSIT3-1
Submitted to: Mrs. Leslie Ann Corbita
Dates
1745
1760
1766
1776
1795
1804
1815
1822
1825
1830
1839
Events Fauna Suecica by Carolus Linnaeus places humans and all other animals that nourish their young with milk secreted by mammary glands in a class he names Mammalia, partly because wet-nursing is a controversial social issue. Linnaeus is among those who are trying to convince women of quality that breast-feeding their own babies is the "natural" thing to do, whereas Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and others have favored the use of wet nurses. John Michell's "Essay on the Causes and Phenomena of Earthquakes" proposes that earthquakes are waves produced when one layer of rock rubs against another; however, Michell proposes that this is caused by a volcano's turning water into steam. He also notes that such waves could be used to locate where an earthquake originates. English chemist Henry Cavendish, 35, duplicates the process by which lightning in a thunderstorm produces nitrogen from the atmosphere to enrich soil. Cavendish passes electric sparks through a nitrogen-oxygen mixture, he produces nitrogen dioxide, and the NO2 yields nitric acid when dissolved in water. James Keir suggests that some rocks, such as those at the Giant's Causeway, might have been formed by the crystallisation of molten lava. Theory of the Earth by Scottish geologist James Hutton, 69, appears 1 year after his Investigations of Principles of Knowledge and pioneers scientific geology.Hutton will be credited with originating the modern theory of the formation of the Earth's crust and proposing the doctrine of "uniformitarianism"² that the forces now slowly changing the Earth's surface have always operated in the same way at the same rate. Jean Baptiste Biot and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac ascend in a balloon to study terrestrial magnetism and Earth's atmosphere. Volcanic eruption of Mount Tambora on the Indonesian island of Sumbava. About 92,000 people die as a direct consequence of this disaster, the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The eruption sends so much volcanic ash into the atmosphere. English physician-geologist-paleontologist Gideon (Algernon) Mantell, 32, finds several large fossil teeth in the chalk downs of his native Sussex (his wife, Mary, may actually have discovered them). He cannot identify their origin, and although French anatomist Georges Cuvier says they are from a rhinoceros Mantell will insist that they came from a giant, iguana-like Mesozoic creature at least 60 feet (18 meters) in length. "Notice on the Iguanodon, a Newly Discovered Fossil Reptile, from the Sandstone of Tilgate Forest, in Sussex" is published by physician Gideon A. Mantell, whose work on what later will be called a dinosaur fossil is based on several teeth and a legbone that Mantell has discovered in his amateur paleontological work. Charles Lyell publishes the first volume of his Principles of Geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the Earth's surface, by reference to causes now in operation. An enormous landslide occurs at Axmouth, Devon, England. A report by geologists William Daniel Conybeare and William Buckland is one of the earliest scientific descriptions of such an event.
Dates 1842 1846
1850
1853 1854 1859 1872 1882
1884
1890 1895 1902
1906 1909 1912 1913 1922
Events Palaeontologist Richard Owen coins the name Dinosauria, hence the Anglicized dinosaur. Urbain Le Verrier predicts the existence and location of Neptune from irregularities in the orbit of Uranus. Urbain Le Verrier publishes full details of the predicted orbit and the mass of the new planet. Johann Galle discovers Neptune. French archaeologist Auguste (-Ferdinand-François) Mariette, 29, of the Louvre Museum's Egyptian department travels to Egypt to obtain some ancient manuscripts, begins excavating at Sakkara in an area that embraces parts of the burial grounds of ancient Memphis; in the next 4 years he will unearth the Avenue of the Sphinxes and the Sarapeum, a temple containing the tombs of sacred bulls. A Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro, with an account of the native tribes, and observations on the climate, geology, and natural history of the Amazon Valley. George Airy calculates the mean density of the Earth by measuring the gravity in a coal mine in South Shields. The solar storm of 1859, the largest geomagnetic solar storm on record, causes the Northern lights aurora to be visible as far south as Cuba and knocks out telegraph communication. Charles Wyville Thomson starts his tour as chief scientist on the four-year voyage of the HMS Challenger, the first major oceanographic expedition. Balfour Stewart [b. Edinburgh, Scotland, November 1, 1828, d. near Drogheda, Ireland, December 19, 1887] suggests the existence of the ionosphere to account for small daily changes in Earth's magnetic field. Studies in Chemical Dynamics (Etudes de Dynamiquechimique) by Dutch chemist Jacobus H. van't Hoff describes a new method for determining the order of a reaction, applies the laws of thermodynamics to chemical equilibriums, and contains the principles of chemical kinetics. Eugène Dubois finds the first fragmentary bones of Pithecanthropus erectus (later redesignated Homo erectus), or 'Java Man', at Trinil on the Solo River. German physicist Heinrich (Gustav Johannes) Kayser, 42, finds helium in the atmosphere by using newly developed techniques for spectral analysis. Mendel's Principles of Heredity²A Defence by English biologist William Bateson, 41, supports the work by Hugo De Vries and others published 2 years ago. he 1906 San Francisco earthquake, an est. 7.9 on the Richter scale and centered on the San Andreas fault, strikes near San Francisco, California. The earthquake and fire destroy over 80% of the buildings in the city, and kill as many as 6,000 people. Ernest Shackleton's expedition locates the South Magnetic Pole.Comet Halley first becomes visible on a photographic plate. Alfred Wegener proposes the theory of continental drift. Albert Michelson measures tides in the solid body of the Earth. English archaeologist Charles Leonard Woolley, 42, discovers Ur on the Euphrates River in Iraq, finds Sumerian temple ruins dating to 2600 B.C., and gives historical reality to the ancient Mesopotamian civilization of Sumer of which there has been only legendary knowledge.
Dates 1925
1929
1935 1936 1939 1950 1958 1985
1991
Events The 1925 earthquake is responsible for the distinctive architecture in the city that has made Santa Barbara a popular tourist destination for over 70 years. November 18 - 1929 Grand Banks earthquake: Off the south coast of Newfoundland in the Atlantic Ocean, a Richter magnitude 7.2 submarine earthquake centered on Grand Banks, breaks 12 submarine transatlantic telegraph cables and triggers a tsunami that destroys many south coast communities in the Burin Peninsula area. Charles Richter and Beno Gutenberg develop the Richter magnitude scale for quantifying earthquakes. Inge Lehmann argues that the Earth's molten interior has a solid core. Walter Maurice Elsasser [b. Mannheim, Germany, March 20, 1904, d. October 14, 1991] suggests that the liquid iron core of Earth contains eddy currents that set up Earth's magnetic field. HannesAlfvén shows that the interaction of the solar wind with the atmosphere causes auroras. During the International Geophysical Year, Earth's magnetosphere is discovered. Peter A. Rona discovers the first deep-sea ocean vents, or hot springs, on the midAtlantic ridge in the Atlantic Ocean; previous vents had been found in the Red Sea and the Pacific. On June 12 the volcano Pinatubo on Luzon Island in the Philippines erupts, putting so much sulfur dioxide into the upper atmosphere that it will cause a cooler climate worldwide for several years. Volcanologists, however, successfully predict the eruption of Pinatubo (and also the eruption of Unzen in Japan), saving thousands of lives.
Submitted by: Jim-Vinaldo A. Tolentino BSIT3-1
Submitted to: Mrs. Leslie Ann Corbita
Dates
1745
1760
1766
1776
1795
1804
1815
1822
1825
1830
1839
Events Fauna Suecica by Carolus Linnaeus places humans and all other animals that nourish their young with milk secreted by mammary glands in a class he names Mammalia, partly because wet-nursing is a controversial social issue. Linnaeus is among those who are trying to convince women of quality that breast-feeding their own babies is the "natural" thing to do, whereas Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and others have favored the use of wet nurses. John Michell's "Essay on the Causes and Phenomena of Earthquakes" proposes that earthquakes are waves produced when one layer of rock rubs against another; however, Michell proposes that this is caused by a volcano's turning water into steam. He also notes that such waves could be used to locate where an earthquake originates. English chemist Henry Cavendish, 35, duplicates the process by which lightning in a thunderstorm produces nitrogen from the atmosphere to enrich soil. Cavendish passes electric sparks through a nitrogen-oxygen mixture, he produces nitrogen dioxide, and the NO2 yields nitric acid when dissolved in water. James Keir suggests that some rocks, such as those at the Giant's Causeway, might have been formed by the crystallisation of molten lava. Theory of the Earth by Scottish geologist James Hutton, 69, appears 1 year after his Investigations of Principles of Knowledge and pioneers scientific geology.Hutton will be credited with originating the modern theory of the formation of the Earth's crust and proposing the doctrine of "uniformitarianism"² that the forces now slowly changing the Earth's surface have always operated in the same way at the same rate. Jean Baptiste Biot and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac ascend in a balloon to study terrestrial magnetism and Earth's atmosphere. Volcanic eruption of Mount Tambora on the Indonesian island of Sumbava. About 92,000 people die as a direct consequence of this disaster, the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The eruption sends so much volcanic ash into the atmosphere. English physician-geologist-paleontologist Gideon (Algernon) Mantell, 32, finds several large fossil teeth in the chalk downs of his native Sussex (his wife, Mary, may actually have discovered them). He cannot identify their origin, and although French anatomist Georges Cuvier says they are from a rhinoceros Mantell will insist that they came from a giant, iguana-like Mesozoic creature at least 60 feet (18 meters) in length. "Notice on the Iguanodon, a Newly Discovered Fossil Reptile, from the Sandstone of Tilgate Forest, in Sussex" is published by physician Gideon A. Mantell, whose work on what later will be called a dinosaur fossil is based on several teeth and a legbone that Mantell has discovered in his amateur paleontological work. Charles Lyell publishes the first volume of his Principles of Geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the Earth's surface, by reference to causes now in operation. An enormous landslide occurs at Axmouth, Devon, England. A report by geologists William Daniel Conybeare and William Buckland is one of the earliest scientific descriptions of such an event.
Dates 1842 1846
1850
1853 1854 1859 1872 1882
1884
1890 1895 1902
1906 1909 1912 1913 1922
Events Palaeontologist Richard Owen coins the name Dinosauria, hence the Anglicized dinosaur. Urbain Le Verrier predicts the existence and location of Neptune from irregularities in the orbit of Uranus. Urbain Le Verrier publishes full details of the predicted orbit and the mass of the new planet. Johann Galle discovers Neptune. French archaeologist Auguste (-Ferdinand-François) Mariette, 29, of the Louvre Museum's Egyptian department travels to Egypt to obtain some ancient manuscripts, begins excavating at Sakkara in an area that embraces parts of the burial grounds of ancient Memphis; in the next 4 years he will unearth the Avenue of the Sphinxes and the Sarapeum, a temple containing the tombs of sacred bulls. A Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro, with an account of the native tribes, and observations on the climate, geology, and natural history of the Amazon Valley. George Airy calculates the mean density of the Earth by measuring the gravity in a coal mine in South Shields. The solar storm of 1859, the largest geomagnetic solar storm on record, causes the Northern lights aurora to be visible as far south as Cuba and knocks out telegraph communication. Charles Wyville Thomson starts his tour as chief scientist on the four-year voyage of the HMS Challenger, the first major oceanographic expedition. Balfour Stewart [b. Edinburgh, Scotland, November 1, 1828, d. near Drogheda, Ireland, December 19, 1887] suggests the existence of the ionosphere to account for small daily changes in Earth's magnetic field. Studies in Chemical Dynamics (Etudes de Dynamiquechimique) by Dutch chemist Jacobus H. van't Hoff describes a new method for determining the order of a reaction, applies the laws of thermodynamics to chemical equilibriums, and contains the principles of chemical kinetics. Eugène Dubois finds the first fragmentary bones of Pithecanthropus erectus (later redesignated Homo erectus), or 'Java Man', at Trinil on the Solo River. German physicist Heinrich (Gustav Johannes) Kayser, 42, finds helium in the atmosphere by using newly developed techniques for spectral analysis. Mendel's Principles of Heredity²A Defence by English biologist William Bateson, 41, supports the work by Hugo De Vries and others published 2 years ago. he 1906 San Francisco earthquake, an est. 7.9 on the Richter scale and centered on the San Andreas fault, strikes near San Francisco, California. The earthquake and fire destroy over 80% of the buildings in the city, and kill as many as 6,000 people. Ernest Shackleton's expedition locates the South Magnetic Pole.Comet Halley first becomes visible on a photographic plate. Alfred Wegener proposes the theory of continental drift. Albert Michelson measures tides in the solid body of the Earth. English archaeologist Charles Leonard Woolley, 42, discovers Ur on the Euphrates River in Iraq, finds Sumerian temple ruins dating to 2600 B.C., and gives historical reality to the ancient Mesopotamian civilization of Sumer of which there has been only legendary knowledge.
Dates 1925
1929
1935 1936 1939 1950 1958 1985
1991
Events The 1925 earthquake is responsible for the distinctive architecture in the city that has made Santa Barbara a popular tourist destination for over 70 years. November 18 - 1929 Grand Banks earthquake: Off the south coast of Newfoundland in the Atlantic Ocean, a Richter magnitude 7.2 submarine earthquake centered on Grand Banks, breaks 12 submarine transatlantic telegraph cables and triggers a tsunami that destroys many south coast communities in the Burin Peninsula area. Charles Richter and Beno Gutenberg develop the Richter magnitude scale for quantifying earthquakes. Inge Lehmann argues that the Earth's molten interior has a solid core. Walter Maurice Elsasser [b. Mannheim, Germany, March 20, 1904, d. October 14, 1991] suggests that the liquid iron core of Earth contains eddy currents that set up Earth's magnetic field. HannesAlfvén shows that the interaction of the solar wind with the atmosphere causes auroras. During the International Geophysical Year, Earth's magnetosphere is discovered. Peter A. Rona discovers the first deep-sea ocean vents, or hot springs, on the midAtlantic ridge in the Atlantic Ocean; previous vents had been found in the Red Sea and the Pacific. On June 12 the volcano Pinatubo on Luzon Island in the Philippines erupts, putting so much sulfur dioxide into the upper atmosphere that it will cause a cooler climate worldwide for several years. Volcanologists, however, successfully predict the eruption of Pinatubo (and also the eruption of Unzen in Japan), saving thousands of lives.
