Chevrolet Camaro
Content
Chevrolet Camaro
small, vicious animal that eats Mustangs.[7]
The Chevrolet Camaro is an automobile manufactured
by Chevrolet, classified as a pony car[1][2] and some versions also as a muscle car.[3][4] It went on sale on September 29, 1966, for the 1967 model year and was designed as a competing model to the Ford Mustang. The
car shared its platform and major components with the
Pontiac Firebird, also introduced for 1967.
According to the book The Complete Book of Camaro:
Every Model Since 1967, the name Camaro was conceived
by Chevrolet merchandising manager Bob Lund and General Motors vice president Ed Rollett, while they were
reading the book Heath’s French and English Dictionary
by James Boïelle and by de V. Payen-Payne printed in
1936. In the book The Complete Book of Camaro, it states
that Mr. Lund and Mr. Rollett found the word camaro
in the French-English dictionary to mean friend, pal, or
comrade. The article further repeated Estes’s statement
of what the word camaro was meant to imply, that the
car’s name “suggests the comradeship of good friends, as
a personal car should be to its owner”.[8] In fact, the actual French word that has that meaning is “camarade”,
from which the English word “comrade” is derived,[9] and
not “camaro"; “camaro” is not a recognized word in the
French language.[10]
Four distinct generations of the Camaro were developed
before production ended in 2002. The nameplate was
revived on a concept car that evolved into the fifthgeneration Camaro; production started on March 16,
2009.[5]
1
Background
Before any official announcement, reports began running during April 1965 within the automotive press that
Chevrolet was preparing a competitor to the Ford Mustang, code-named Panther.[6] On June 21, 1966, around
200 automotive journalists received a telegram from General Motors stating, "...please save noon of June 28 for
important SEPAW meeting. Hope you can be on hand to
help scratch a cat. Details will follow...(signed) John L.
Cutter – Chevrolet public relations – SEPAW secretary.”
The following day, the same journalists received another
General Motors telegram stating, “Society for the Eradication of Panthers from the Automotive World will hold
first and last meeting on June 28...(signed) John L. Cutter – Chevrolet public relations SEPAW secretary.” These
telegrams puzzled the automotive journalists.
The Camaro was first shown at a press preview in Detroit, Michigan, on September 12, 1966, and then later in
Los Angeles, California, on September 19, 1966. Public introduction of the new model was on September 26,
1966.[11] The Camaro officially went on sale in dealerships on September 29, 1966, for the 1967 model year.[12]
2 First generation: 1967–1969
Main article: Chevrolet Camaro (first generation)
The first-generation Camaro debuted in September 1966,
On June 28, 1966, General Motors held a live press conference in Detroit’s Statler-Hilton Hotel. It was to be the
first time in history that 14 cities were connected in real
time for a press conference via telephone lines. Chevrolet
general manager Pete Estes started the news conference
stating that all attendees of the conference were charter
members of the Society for the Elimination of Panthers
from the Automotive World and that this would be the
first and last meeting of SEPAW. Estes then announced
a new car line, project designation XP-836, with a name
that Chevrolet chose in keeping with other car names beginning with the letter C such as the Corvair, Chevelle,
Chevy II, and Corvette. He claimed the name, suggests
the comradeship of good friends as a personal car should
be to its owner and that to us, the name means just what
we think the car will do... go. The Camaro name was
then unveiled. Automotive press asked Chevrolet product managers, what is a Camaro? and were told it was a
A first-generation Camaro
for the 1967 model year, up to 1969 on a new rear-wheel
drive GM F-body platform and was available as a twodoor coupé or convertible with 2+2 seating, and a choice
of 230 cu in (3.8 L), 250 cu in (4.1 L) inline-6 or 302 cu
in (4.9 L), 307 cu in (5.0 L), 327 cu in (5.4 L), 350 cu in
1
2
4 THIRD GENERATION: 1982–1992
(5.7 L), 396 cu in (6.5 L), 427 cu in (7.0 L) V8 power- 4 Third generation: 1982–1992
plants. Concerned with the runaway success of the Ford
Mustang, Chevrolet executives realized that their compact sporty car, the Corvair, would not be able to gener- Main article: Chevrolet Camaro (third generation)
ate the sales volume of the Mustang due to its rear-engine The third-generation Camaro was produced from 1981
design, as well as declining sales, partly due to the negative publicity from Ralph Nader's book, Unsafe at Any
Speed. Therefore, the Camaro was touted as having the
same conventional rear-drive, front-engine configuration
as the Mustang and Chevy II Nova. In addition, the Camaro was designed to fit a variety of power plants in the
engine bay. The first-generation Camaro lasted until the
1969 model year and eventually inspired the design of the
new retro fifth-generation Camaro.
The first-generation offered a standard, Super Sport, and
Rally Sport editions. In 1967, the Z/28 model was added
featuring stripes on the hood and trunk, styled rally road
wheels, and a 302 cu in (4.9 L) V8 engine.
3
Second generation: 1970–1981
A third-generation Camaro
Main article: Chevrolet Camaro (second generation)
Introduced in February 1970, the second-generation Cato 1992. These were the first Camaros to offer modern fuel injection, Turbo-Hydramatic 700R4 four-speed
automatic transmissions, five speed manual transmissions, 15 or 16 inch wheels, a standard OHV 4-cylinder
engine,[13] and hatchback bodies. The cars were nearly
500 pounds (227 kg) lighter than the second generation
model.
A second-generation Camaro
maro was produced through the 1981 model year, with
cosmetic changes made in 1974 and 1978 model years.
The car was heavily restyled and became somewhat larger
and wider with the new styling. Still based on the F-body
platform, the new Camaro was similar to its predecessor,
with a unibody structure, front subframe, an A-arm front
suspension, and leaf springs to control the solid rear axle.
Road & Track picked the 1971 SS350 as one of the 10
best cars in the world in August 1971. RS (shown to the
right), SS package was dropped in 1972 and reintroduced
in 1996.
The 1980 and 1981 Z28 models included an air induction
hood scoop with an intake door that opened under full
throttle.
The IROC-Z (the IROC stands for International Race
of Champions) was introduced in 1985 and continued
through 1990. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Regulations required a CHMSL (Center High Mounted Stop Lamp) starting with the 1986
model year. For 1986, the new brake light was located
on the exterior of the upper center area of the back hatch
glass. Additionally, the 2.5L Iron Duke pushrod 4 cylinder Engine was dropped, and all base models now came
with the 2.8L V6 (OHV). For 1987 and later, the CHMSL
was either mounted inside the upper hatch glass, or integrated into a rear spoiler (if equipped). In 1985, the 305
small block V8 was available with TPI (tuned port injection). In 1987 the L98 5.7L 350cu in V8 engine became
a regular option on the IROC-Z, paired with an automatic
transmission only. The “20th Anniversary Commemorative Edition” was offered in 1987, as well as a “25th Anniversary Heritage Package” in 1992 that included a 305
cu in (5.0 L) High Output engine. Beginning in 1988, the
1LE performance package was introduced, optional on
street models and for showroom stock racing in the U.S.
and Canada. The B4C or “police” package was made
available beginning in 1991. This basically created a Z28
in more subtle RS styling.
3
5
Fourth generation: 1993–2002
6 Fifth generation: 2010–2015
Main article: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)
Main article: Chevrolet Camaro (fourth generation)
The fourth-generation Camaro debuted in 1993 on an The Camaro received a complete redesign, and new plat-
2010 Chevrolet Camaro SS
A fourth-generation Camaro
updated F-body platform. It retained the same characteristics since its introduction in 1967: a coupé body
style with 2+2 seating (with an optional T-top roof)
or convertible (introduced in 1994), rear-wheel drive,
pushrod 6-cylinder and V8 engines. The standard powerplant from 1993-1995 was a 3.4 liter V6. A 3.8 liter
V6 was introduced in 1995. A 350 MPFI (LT1) Small
Block V-8 engine, which was introduced in the Corvette
in 1992, was standard in the Z28. Optional equipment
included all-speed traction control and a new six-speed
T-56 manual transmission; the 4L60E 4-speed automatic
transmission was standard on the Z28, yet optional on the
V6 models which came with 5-speed manual as standard.
Anti-lock brakes were standard equipment on all Camaros. A limited quantity of the SS version (1996-1997)
came with the 330 HP LT4 small block engine from the
Corvette, although most were equipped with the 305 hp
LT1. The 1997 model year included a revised interior,
and the 1998 models included exterior styling changes,
and a switch to GM’s aluminium block LS1 used in the
Corvette C5. In 1998, the 5.7-liter LS1 was the first allaluminum engine offered in a Camaro since the ’69 ZL-1
and carried a 325-horsepower rating.[14] The SS versions
(1998-2002) received slightly improved exhaust and intake systems, bigger wheels and tires, a slightly revised
suspension for improved handling and grip while retaining ride comfort, an arc-shaped rear wing for downforce,
and different gearing ratios for faster acceleration, over
the Z28 models. The Camaro remained in production
through the 2002 model year, marking 35 years of continuous production. Chevy also offered a 35th anniversary
edition for the 2002 model year. Production of the FBody platform was stopped due to slowing sales, a deteriorating market for sports coupés, plant overcapacity, and
stiff competition for sales from Ford’s Mustang.[15][16]
Chevrolet Camaro rear view
form for the 2010 model year/fifth generation. Based on
the 2006 Camaro Concept[17] and 2007 Camaro Convertible Concept, production of the fifth-generation Camaro
was approved on August 10, 2006. The Oshawa Car Assembly plant in the city of Oshawa, Ontario, Canada began producing the new Camaro[18] which went on sale in
spring of 2009 as a 2010 model year vehicle.[19][20]
Following the development of the Zeta architecture and
because of its position as the GM global center of RWD
development, GM Holden in Australia led the final design, engineering, and development of the Camaro. Production of the coupé began on March 16, 2009, in LS,
LT, and SS trim levels.[21][22] LS and LT models are powered by a 3.6 L (220 cu in) V6 producing 312 hp (233
kW) for the 2010 & 2011 model mated to either a 6speed manual or a 6-speed automatic with manual shift.
The SS is powered by the 6.2 L (376 cu in) LS3 V8 producing 426 hp (318 kW) and is paired with a 6-speed
manual. The automatic SS gets the L99 V8 with 400 hp
(300 kW). The RS appearance package is available on
both the LT and SS and features 20-inch wheels with a
darker gray tone, halo rings around xenon headlamps, a
unique spoiler, and red RS or SS badges.
On April 1, 2010, the Camaro was named the World
Car Design of the Year at the World Car of the Year
Awards.[23]
4
In late January 2011, the production of 2011 Camaro
Convertibles started. The first going to Rick Hendrick
via Barret-Jackson Car Auction. Convertibles had the
same options as the coupé (engines, RS, SS, etc.). The
Camaro convertible added an aluminium brace over the
engine assembly, and under the transmission. Due to the
2011 Fukushima earthquake, certain pigment colors were
not available to make certain colors.
7
SIXTH GENERATION: 2016–PRESENT
the original Z/28, air conditioning is an option. The Z/28
model retains only one speaker for the seat belt chime, the
rear quarter glass has been thinned, rear seats have been
thinned, and most of the sound deadening has been removed in an effort to reduce weight inside of the vehicle.
On November 2011, the export version (excluding
Japanese version) of the Camaro was introduced after a 7 Sixth generation: 2016–present
two-year delay. The delay was due to the unexpected domestic demand. The export version included different
tail lamps with integrated reverse and amber turn signal Main article: Chevrolet Camaro (sixth generation)
lamps, larger external rear view mirrors with integrated On May 16, 2015, Chevrolet introduced the sixth genside turn signal repeaters, a rear bumper without reverse
light inserts, and other changes as to comply with ECE
regulations.[24]
The 2012 model year marked the 45th anniversary of the
Camaro and commemorated with a model available only
in “Carbon Flash Metallic” paint. The 45th anniversary
edition Camaro also included a unique stripe package,
red, white, and blue interior stitching and 45th edition
exclusive 20-inch wheels. The V6 was updated to a 3.6
L “LFX” engine producing 323 hp (241 kW). The SS
model received an upgrade to the suspension system. All
models received the RS spoiler and taillight details, steering wheel-mounted volume and radio controls, and Bluetooth connectivity controls as standard. The 2012 ZL1
Camaro included a 6.2 L LSA supercharged V8 producing 580 hp (430 kW). The LSA motor is the same used
in the Cadillac CTS-V and made it the fastest production Camaro to date. Other features included a 2-stage
exhaust, the addition of suede seats, steering wheel, and
shift knob, as well as ZL1-exclusive 20-inch aluminum
wheels. In 2012 Chevrolet unveiled the production of the
2013 Camaro ZL1 Convertible.
On December 19, 2012 GM announced that the Camaro
would return to being made in the United States, as production of the Camaro would be shifted to the Lansing
Grand River Assembly Plant in Michigan, citing “lower
capital investment and improved production efficiencies”
as “key factors” in the move.[25] This move is expected to
start in late 2015 or early 2016.[26]
At the 2013 New York Auto Show, Chevrolet unveiled a
line-up of 2014 Camaros with a refreshed body style and
the return of a Z/28 model.[27] The 2014 Camaro received
many upgrades, most notably to the exterior front and rear
of the vehicle. The front end of the new Camaro received
a slimmer grille along with a larger lower fascia and new
fog lights. The taillights took styling cues from the original first generation Camaro. The RS appearance package incorporates LED’s into both the headlights and taillights. The Z/28 model features a high-performance 7.0
liter LS7 V8 engine that produces 505 hp (377 kW),[28]
the same engine used in the Z06 Corvette. The new Z/28
features upgrades intended to improve lap times, and as
2016 Chevrolet Camaro RS
eration Camaro at Belle Isle park in Detroit, Michigan.
The launch, complete with previous generation Camaros
on display, coincided with the vehicle’s upcoming 50th
birthday.[29]
The sixth generation Camaro sales will begin in late 2015
and will be offered in LT and SS models built on the
GM Alpha platform at Lansing Grand River Assembly
in Michigan.[30] The A platform is currently used by the
Cadillac ATS. The 2016 Camaro will weigh 200 lb (91
kg) less than its predecessor. Over 70% of the sixth generation’s architectural components are unique to the car
and are not shared with any other current GM product.[31]
Early production will have three engine versions: a 2.0liter turbo-charged inline-four producing 275 hp (205
kW; 279 PS), a new 3.6-liter V6 making 335 hp (250
kW; 340 PS), while the SS model features the 6.2-liter
V8 with 455 hp (339 kW; 461 PS); the ZL1 model will
use a supercharged 640 hp (480 kW) LT4 based on the
Cadillac CTS-V,[32][33] and the transmissions are either a
six-speed manual (seven-speed manual for the 2017 ZL1)
or an eight-speed automatic.[30]
The 2016 Camaro will come equipped with both Apple
CarPlay and Android Auto Capability features. However,
only one of their phone brands at any one time can be
used.[34][35]
5
8
Racing
power. One part that had come out of his testing was the
Edelbrock Cross-Manifold. To this day the Smokey Yunick 1968 Camaro is owned by Vic Edelbrock Jr.
Bob Jane won both the 1971 and 1972 Australian Touring
Car Championships at the wheel of a Camaro.[36]
The Camaro was the official car of and used in the
Camaros racing in the 1976 Camaro Cup at Ring KnutInternational Race of Champions starting in 1975 and
storp in Sweden
lasting for 12 years until 1989. It was the first American
car of the series succeeding the Porsche Carrera RSR.
Today, Camaros are raced in many forms of auto racing
throughout the world. They are a favorite in drag racing, have won many championships, and can be currently
found in several series from the National Hot Rod Association, International Hot Rod Association, and United
States Hot Rod Association. Road racing Camaros can
Vintage Trans-Am racing of today.
currently be found in the Sports Car Club of America's
The Camaro was one of the vehicles in the SCCA- American Sedan series. They have also been the vehicle
used in the Swedish Camaro Cup series since 1975.
The Camaro was the Indianapolis 500 Pace Car in 1967,
1969, 1982, 1993, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2014. The Camaro also paced races at Daytona, Watkins Glen, Mosport in Canada, and Charlotte Motor Speedway.
The Camaro was also a regular in the IMSA GT Series.
Camaro Cup race car
The fifth-generation Camaro is expected to take to the
tracks in 2010 in the GT class of the Grand Am Road
Racing Championship. Stevenson Motorsports has announced it is seeking to run a two-car team of Pratt &
Miller built cars, based on the same spaceframe as the
Pontiac GXP-R.[37] The team also competes with Camaros in the Grand Sports class of the Grand-Am’s Continental Tire Challenge.[38]
In 2013, the Camaro was the car used for almost all the
sanctioned Trans-Am Series. Chevrolet worked with Chevy teams in the NASCAR Nationwide Series.
Roger Penske to operate their unofficially factory-backed
Trans Am team, winning the title in 1968 and 1969
with Mark Donohue. Jim Hall's Chaparral team replaced 9 In popular culture
Penske for the 1970 season. Warren Agor of Rochester,
NY, was the series’ leading Camaro privateer, his orange
#13’s o, 1993, 1994, and 1998.
There was also another SCCA Trans-Am Series Camaro
that was not popular because of racing but because of its
body modifications. This Camaro, number 13, had been
built and driven by Henry “Smokey” Yunick. Smokey
Yunick was a car builder who worked to reduce the weight
of his cars by acid-dipping body parts and installing thinner safety glass.
The Chevrolet Camaro also races in the NASCAR Xfinity
Series. The Camaro is a common Xfinity car.
The Penske/Donohue Camaros also had the front sheet
metal dropped, all four fenders widened, windshield laid
back, front sub-frame “Z’d” to lower the car, the floor
pan moved up and even the drip-rails were moved closer Bumblebee depicted as a 1974 Z28 and a 5th-gen Camaro
to the body. This Camaro had always kept its stock look
and had a 302 engine that was able to produce 482 horse- General Motors has made product placement, or embed-
6
10
REFERENCES
ded marketing, deals for the Chevrolet Camaro in numer- [15] Garsten, Ed (September 27, 2001). “GM to Discontinue
Camaro, Firebird”. Free Republic (Fresno, CA). Associous media.[39][40]
ated Press. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
The vehicle mode of the fictional character Bumblebee
in the 2007 film, Transformers, is first depicted as a [16] Hunkins, Johnny (July 29, 2004). “Rising from the
Ashes”. Hot Rod Network. Retrieved September 11,
1977 Camaro[41] and later a fifth-generation concept vari2014. Publicly, GM blamed slow sales, a deteriorated
ant. A modified fifth-generation Camaro reprises the
sports coupé market, and plant overcapacity.
role of Bumblebee in the sequels, Transformers: Revenge
[42]
of the Fallen, Transformers: Dark of the Moon
and [17] “Chevrolet Camaro Concept: Capturing the Timeless
Transformers: Age of Extinction.
Spirit of Camaro Besides the 3rd Gen Camaros” (Press
10
release). GM Media Online. January 9, 2006. Archived
from the original on February 2, 2007. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
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[2] “Chevy Camaro, Dodge Challenger, and Ford Mustang in
Pony-Car Showdown”. AutoWeek. June 10, 2009. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
[3] Siler, Wes (June 24, 2009). “Muscle Car Wars: Camaro
vs. Challenger vs. Mustang”. Jalopnik. Retrieved May
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[4] Stone, Matt; Mead, Scott (March 2009). “Comparison:
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[5] “Auto Buyers Have Spoken: GM Will Build An All-New
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August 10, 2006. Archived from the original on February
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[18] Keenan, Greg (August 18, 2006). “Canada to Build Camaro”. The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original
on May 22, 2007. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
[19] Mateja, Jim (March 10, 2008). “Chevy to Launch New
Camaro Coupé, Convertible as '10 Models”. Ward’s
Dealer Business. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
[20] Ramsey, Jonathon (March 12, 2008). “Chevy Camaro
to Be a 2010 Model, Not 2009”. Autoblog. Retrieved
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[21] Neff, John (July 21, 2008). “2010 Chevy Camaro: Official Details and Images”. Autoblog. Retrieved September
11, 2014.
[22] “2010 Chevrolet Camaro Review”. JB Car Pages. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
[23] “Chevrolet Camaro: World Car Design of the Year 2010”.
AUSmotive.com. April 8, 2010. Retrieved September
11, 2014.
[6] Settlemire, Scott. “The Day the Panther Died”. GMnext.
General Motors. Archived from the original on October
13, 2008. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
[24] “2011 Export Camaro Details & Differences”. camaroz28.com. June 23, 2011. Retrieved September 11,
2014.
[7] Biggs, Henry (February 3, 2006). “Top 10: Muscle cars”.
MSN Cars UK. Archived from the original on July 23,
2011. Retrieved May 16, 2015. When asked, Chevrolet
sales executives claimed a Camaro was a: 'a small, vicious
animal that eats Mustangs’.
[25] “Next-Generation Chevy Camaro to Be Built in the U.S”
(Press release). General Motors. December 19, 2012.
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[8] Newhardt, David (2013). The Complete Book of Camaro:
Every Model Since 1967. Motorbooks. p. 26. ISBN 9780-7603-3961-9.
[9] “Comrade - Definition of comrade”.
webster.com.
merriam-
[10] Éditions Larousse. “Larousse”. larousse.fr.
[11] Antonick, Mike (2003). The Camaro White Book, 19672002. Motorbooks International. p. 4. ISBN 978-07603-1879-9.
[26] “GM to Shift Camaro Production from Oshawa to Michigan Plant”. CTV News. December 19, 2012. Retrieved
September 11, 2014.
[27] Wayland, Michael (March 30, 2013). “2014 Chevrolet
Camaro, Camaro Z/28 debut at New York Auto Show”.
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[28] “Camaro Z28 Returns in 2014: Shocking Debut in NYC”.
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[29] “GM unleashes new, smaller Chevrolet Camaro” from
USA Today (May 16, 2015)
[13] Antonick, p. 86.
[30] Ecclestone, Chris (16 May 2015). “This Is The All-New
2016 Chevy Camaro”. gmauthority.com. Retrieved 16
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[14] “Chevy Camaro 1993 to 2002”. Chevrolet History. Classicchevrolets.com. May 26, 2012. Retrieved September
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[31] Bruce, Chris (19 April 2015). “Chevy keeps teasing next
Camaro, 70 percent of parts unique to it [w/video]". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
[12] Antonick, p. 21.}
7
[32] Spied! 2017 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 Muscles its Way
Around the 'Ring BY MEGAN STEWART / WRITTEN
SEPTEMBER 15, 2015 / RETRIEVED SEPTEMBER
18, 2015
[33] Motor Trend’s 2017 Chevy Camaro ZL1 chat
https://www.facebook.com/motortrendmag/posts/
10153143645121312
[34] “Apple CarPlay’s coming to these 14 Chevrolet cars in the
2016 model year” from PC World (May 27, 2015)
[35] “These are the 14 Chevrolet cars from the 2016 model
year that will have Android Auto” from PC World (May
27, 2015)
[36] “Australian Touring Car Championship”. Cars and Racing Stuff. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
[37] Interview with John Stevenson, Speed TV Grand Am
Montreal 200 broadcast, August 29, 2009
[38] “Stevenson Motorsports to Race a Brand New Chevrolet
Camaro in the Grand-Am KONI Challenge Series” (PDF)
(Press release). Stevenson Motorsports. November 13,
2008. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
[39] “Sears Department Store and Chevrolet Camaro Achieve
Highest Product Placement Scores for June, Nielsen Reports” (PDF). Nielsen. August 28, 2007. Retrieved May
16, 2015.
[40] Hinds, Julie (March 7, 2007). “GM Hopes Movie Roles
Transform Cars into Sellable Stars”. USA Today. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
[41] Huffman, John Pearley (June 10, 2007). “Driving the
Transformers Beater Bumblebee 1977 Camaro”. Edmunds. Archived from the original on October 29, 2009.
Retrieved May 16, 2015.
[42] Langfitt, Frank (July 21, 2009). “In The Camaro, a Glimmer of Hope for GM”. NPR. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
• Edsall, Larry (2009). Camaro: A Legend Reborn.
Motorbooks. ISBN 978-0-7603-2819-4.
11
External links
• Chevrolet Camaro official site
• Chevrolet Camaro at DMOZ
• Chevrolet Camaro at the Internet Movie Cars
Database
8
12
12
12.1
TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
Text
• Chevrolet Camaro Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Camaro?oldid=687399048 Contributors: The Anome, Rootbeer,
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12.2
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• File:1972_blue_Chevrolet_Camaro_Turbo_350_front_side.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/
1972_blue_Chevrolet_Camaro_Turbo_350_front_side.JPG License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist:
BrokenSphere
• File:2002ChevroletCamaroSS35-001.jpg
Source:
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2002ChevroletCamaroSS35-001.jpg License: CC BY 2.5 Contributors: http://www.projectrich.com/gallery Original artist: Rich
Niewiroski Jr.
• File:2010ChevroletCamaro-05-1.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/2010ChevroletCamaro-05-1.jpg
License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: 2010 Camaro Original artist: Nick Ares from Auburn, CA, United States
• File:2010ChevroletCamaro-05.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/2010ChevroletCamaro-05.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: 2010 Camaro Original artist: Nick Ares from Auburn, CA, United States
• File:2016_Chevrolet_Camaro.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/82/2016_Chevrolet_Camaro.jpg License: CCBY-SA-2.0 Contributors:
Camaro 6th Gen Original artist:
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• File:BumblebeeCamaro-02.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/BumblebeeCamaro-02.jpg License:
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• File:Camaro-Transformers03.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Camaro-Transformers03.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Xavigivax
• File:Camaro1.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Camaro1.jpg License: CC BY 2.5 Contributors: No
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MikeDirntRulez~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims).
• File:Camaro_Cup_35.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Camaro_Cup_35.jpg License: CC-BY-SA3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Nowotny
• File:Chevrolet_Camaro.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Chevrolet_Camaro.jpg License: CC-BYSA-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
• File:Chevrolet_Camaro_(15158957874).jpg Source:
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%2815158957874%29.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Chevrolet Camaro Original artist: jeremyg3030
• File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
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• File:Puss_&_Kram_Camaro.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Puss_%26_Kram_Camaro.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: HMS (Hyllinge Motorsällskap), Sweden and Valter Nilsson. Pressphoto for promotion of Kvällspostens
Newsrace 1976. Original artist: Unknown
• File:Trans-Am-01.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Trans-Am-01.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: originally posted to Flickr as 70 Camaro, 67 Camaro Z28, 67 Camaro Z28, 67 Camaro Original artist: Nathan Bittinger
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• Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
small, vicious animal that eats Mustangs.[7]
The Chevrolet Camaro is an automobile manufactured
by Chevrolet, classified as a pony car[1][2] and some versions also as a muscle car.[3][4] It went on sale on September 29, 1966, for the 1967 model year and was designed as a competing model to the Ford Mustang. The
car shared its platform and major components with the
Pontiac Firebird, also introduced for 1967.
According to the book The Complete Book of Camaro:
Every Model Since 1967, the name Camaro was conceived
by Chevrolet merchandising manager Bob Lund and General Motors vice president Ed Rollett, while they were
reading the book Heath’s French and English Dictionary
by James Boïelle and by de V. Payen-Payne printed in
1936. In the book The Complete Book of Camaro, it states
that Mr. Lund and Mr. Rollett found the word camaro
in the French-English dictionary to mean friend, pal, or
comrade. The article further repeated Estes’s statement
of what the word camaro was meant to imply, that the
car’s name “suggests the comradeship of good friends, as
a personal car should be to its owner”.[8] In fact, the actual French word that has that meaning is “camarade”,
from which the English word “comrade” is derived,[9] and
not “camaro"; “camaro” is not a recognized word in the
French language.[10]
Four distinct generations of the Camaro were developed
before production ended in 2002. The nameplate was
revived on a concept car that evolved into the fifthgeneration Camaro; production started on March 16,
2009.[5]
1
Background
Before any official announcement, reports began running during April 1965 within the automotive press that
Chevrolet was preparing a competitor to the Ford Mustang, code-named Panther.[6] On June 21, 1966, around
200 automotive journalists received a telegram from General Motors stating, "...please save noon of June 28 for
important SEPAW meeting. Hope you can be on hand to
help scratch a cat. Details will follow...(signed) John L.
Cutter – Chevrolet public relations – SEPAW secretary.”
The following day, the same journalists received another
General Motors telegram stating, “Society for the Eradication of Panthers from the Automotive World will hold
first and last meeting on June 28...(signed) John L. Cutter – Chevrolet public relations SEPAW secretary.” These
telegrams puzzled the automotive journalists.
The Camaro was first shown at a press preview in Detroit, Michigan, on September 12, 1966, and then later in
Los Angeles, California, on September 19, 1966. Public introduction of the new model was on September 26,
1966.[11] The Camaro officially went on sale in dealerships on September 29, 1966, for the 1967 model year.[12]
2 First generation: 1967–1969
Main article: Chevrolet Camaro (first generation)
The first-generation Camaro debuted in September 1966,
On June 28, 1966, General Motors held a live press conference in Detroit’s Statler-Hilton Hotel. It was to be the
first time in history that 14 cities were connected in real
time for a press conference via telephone lines. Chevrolet
general manager Pete Estes started the news conference
stating that all attendees of the conference were charter
members of the Society for the Elimination of Panthers
from the Automotive World and that this would be the
first and last meeting of SEPAW. Estes then announced
a new car line, project designation XP-836, with a name
that Chevrolet chose in keeping with other car names beginning with the letter C such as the Corvair, Chevelle,
Chevy II, and Corvette. He claimed the name, suggests
the comradeship of good friends as a personal car should
be to its owner and that to us, the name means just what
we think the car will do... go. The Camaro name was
then unveiled. Automotive press asked Chevrolet product managers, what is a Camaro? and were told it was a
A first-generation Camaro
for the 1967 model year, up to 1969 on a new rear-wheel
drive GM F-body platform and was available as a twodoor coupé or convertible with 2+2 seating, and a choice
of 230 cu in (3.8 L), 250 cu in (4.1 L) inline-6 or 302 cu
in (4.9 L), 307 cu in (5.0 L), 327 cu in (5.4 L), 350 cu in
1
2
4 THIRD GENERATION: 1982–1992
(5.7 L), 396 cu in (6.5 L), 427 cu in (7.0 L) V8 power- 4 Third generation: 1982–1992
plants. Concerned with the runaway success of the Ford
Mustang, Chevrolet executives realized that their compact sporty car, the Corvair, would not be able to gener- Main article: Chevrolet Camaro (third generation)
ate the sales volume of the Mustang due to its rear-engine The third-generation Camaro was produced from 1981
design, as well as declining sales, partly due to the negative publicity from Ralph Nader's book, Unsafe at Any
Speed. Therefore, the Camaro was touted as having the
same conventional rear-drive, front-engine configuration
as the Mustang and Chevy II Nova. In addition, the Camaro was designed to fit a variety of power plants in the
engine bay. The first-generation Camaro lasted until the
1969 model year and eventually inspired the design of the
new retro fifth-generation Camaro.
The first-generation offered a standard, Super Sport, and
Rally Sport editions. In 1967, the Z/28 model was added
featuring stripes on the hood and trunk, styled rally road
wheels, and a 302 cu in (4.9 L) V8 engine.
3
Second generation: 1970–1981
A third-generation Camaro
Main article: Chevrolet Camaro (second generation)
Introduced in February 1970, the second-generation Cato 1992. These were the first Camaros to offer modern fuel injection, Turbo-Hydramatic 700R4 four-speed
automatic transmissions, five speed manual transmissions, 15 or 16 inch wheels, a standard OHV 4-cylinder
engine,[13] and hatchback bodies. The cars were nearly
500 pounds (227 kg) lighter than the second generation
model.
A second-generation Camaro
maro was produced through the 1981 model year, with
cosmetic changes made in 1974 and 1978 model years.
The car was heavily restyled and became somewhat larger
and wider with the new styling. Still based on the F-body
platform, the new Camaro was similar to its predecessor,
with a unibody structure, front subframe, an A-arm front
suspension, and leaf springs to control the solid rear axle.
Road & Track picked the 1971 SS350 as one of the 10
best cars in the world in August 1971. RS (shown to the
right), SS package was dropped in 1972 and reintroduced
in 1996.
The 1980 and 1981 Z28 models included an air induction
hood scoop with an intake door that opened under full
throttle.
The IROC-Z (the IROC stands for International Race
of Champions) was introduced in 1985 and continued
through 1990. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Regulations required a CHMSL (Center High Mounted Stop Lamp) starting with the 1986
model year. For 1986, the new brake light was located
on the exterior of the upper center area of the back hatch
glass. Additionally, the 2.5L Iron Duke pushrod 4 cylinder Engine was dropped, and all base models now came
with the 2.8L V6 (OHV). For 1987 and later, the CHMSL
was either mounted inside the upper hatch glass, or integrated into a rear spoiler (if equipped). In 1985, the 305
small block V8 was available with TPI (tuned port injection). In 1987 the L98 5.7L 350cu in V8 engine became
a regular option on the IROC-Z, paired with an automatic
transmission only. The “20th Anniversary Commemorative Edition” was offered in 1987, as well as a “25th Anniversary Heritage Package” in 1992 that included a 305
cu in (5.0 L) High Output engine. Beginning in 1988, the
1LE performance package was introduced, optional on
street models and for showroom stock racing in the U.S.
and Canada. The B4C or “police” package was made
available beginning in 1991. This basically created a Z28
in more subtle RS styling.
3
5
Fourth generation: 1993–2002
6 Fifth generation: 2010–2015
Main article: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)
Main article: Chevrolet Camaro (fourth generation)
The fourth-generation Camaro debuted in 1993 on an The Camaro received a complete redesign, and new plat-
2010 Chevrolet Camaro SS
A fourth-generation Camaro
updated F-body platform. It retained the same characteristics since its introduction in 1967: a coupé body
style with 2+2 seating (with an optional T-top roof)
or convertible (introduced in 1994), rear-wheel drive,
pushrod 6-cylinder and V8 engines. The standard powerplant from 1993-1995 was a 3.4 liter V6. A 3.8 liter
V6 was introduced in 1995. A 350 MPFI (LT1) Small
Block V-8 engine, which was introduced in the Corvette
in 1992, was standard in the Z28. Optional equipment
included all-speed traction control and a new six-speed
T-56 manual transmission; the 4L60E 4-speed automatic
transmission was standard on the Z28, yet optional on the
V6 models which came with 5-speed manual as standard.
Anti-lock brakes were standard equipment on all Camaros. A limited quantity of the SS version (1996-1997)
came with the 330 HP LT4 small block engine from the
Corvette, although most were equipped with the 305 hp
LT1. The 1997 model year included a revised interior,
and the 1998 models included exterior styling changes,
and a switch to GM’s aluminium block LS1 used in the
Corvette C5. In 1998, the 5.7-liter LS1 was the first allaluminum engine offered in a Camaro since the ’69 ZL-1
and carried a 325-horsepower rating.[14] The SS versions
(1998-2002) received slightly improved exhaust and intake systems, bigger wheels and tires, a slightly revised
suspension for improved handling and grip while retaining ride comfort, an arc-shaped rear wing for downforce,
and different gearing ratios for faster acceleration, over
the Z28 models. The Camaro remained in production
through the 2002 model year, marking 35 years of continuous production. Chevy also offered a 35th anniversary
edition for the 2002 model year. Production of the FBody platform was stopped due to slowing sales, a deteriorating market for sports coupés, plant overcapacity, and
stiff competition for sales from Ford’s Mustang.[15][16]
Chevrolet Camaro rear view
form for the 2010 model year/fifth generation. Based on
the 2006 Camaro Concept[17] and 2007 Camaro Convertible Concept, production of the fifth-generation Camaro
was approved on August 10, 2006. The Oshawa Car Assembly plant in the city of Oshawa, Ontario, Canada began producing the new Camaro[18] which went on sale in
spring of 2009 as a 2010 model year vehicle.[19][20]
Following the development of the Zeta architecture and
because of its position as the GM global center of RWD
development, GM Holden in Australia led the final design, engineering, and development of the Camaro. Production of the coupé began on March 16, 2009, in LS,
LT, and SS trim levels.[21][22] LS and LT models are powered by a 3.6 L (220 cu in) V6 producing 312 hp (233
kW) for the 2010 & 2011 model mated to either a 6speed manual or a 6-speed automatic with manual shift.
The SS is powered by the 6.2 L (376 cu in) LS3 V8 producing 426 hp (318 kW) and is paired with a 6-speed
manual. The automatic SS gets the L99 V8 with 400 hp
(300 kW). The RS appearance package is available on
both the LT and SS and features 20-inch wheels with a
darker gray tone, halo rings around xenon headlamps, a
unique spoiler, and red RS or SS badges.
On April 1, 2010, the Camaro was named the World
Car Design of the Year at the World Car of the Year
Awards.[23]
4
In late January 2011, the production of 2011 Camaro
Convertibles started. The first going to Rick Hendrick
via Barret-Jackson Car Auction. Convertibles had the
same options as the coupé (engines, RS, SS, etc.). The
Camaro convertible added an aluminium brace over the
engine assembly, and under the transmission. Due to the
2011 Fukushima earthquake, certain pigment colors were
not available to make certain colors.
7
SIXTH GENERATION: 2016–PRESENT
the original Z/28, air conditioning is an option. The Z/28
model retains only one speaker for the seat belt chime, the
rear quarter glass has been thinned, rear seats have been
thinned, and most of the sound deadening has been removed in an effort to reduce weight inside of the vehicle.
On November 2011, the export version (excluding
Japanese version) of the Camaro was introduced after a 7 Sixth generation: 2016–present
two-year delay. The delay was due to the unexpected domestic demand. The export version included different
tail lamps with integrated reverse and amber turn signal Main article: Chevrolet Camaro (sixth generation)
lamps, larger external rear view mirrors with integrated On May 16, 2015, Chevrolet introduced the sixth genside turn signal repeaters, a rear bumper without reverse
light inserts, and other changes as to comply with ECE
regulations.[24]
The 2012 model year marked the 45th anniversary of the
Camaro and commemorated with a model available only
in “Carbon Flash Metallic” paint. The 45th anniversary
edition Camaro also included a unique stripe package,
red, white, and blue interior stitching and 45th edition
exclusive 20-inch wheels. The V6 was updated to a 3.6
L “LFX” engine producing 323 hp (241 kW). The SS
model received an upgrade to the suspension system. All
models received the RS spoiler and taillight details, steering wheel-mounted volume and radio controls, and Bluetooth connectivity controls as standard. The 2012 ZL1
Camaro included a 6.2 L LSA supercharged V8 producing 580 hp (430 kW). The LSA motor is the same used
in the Cadillac CTS-V and made it the fastest production Camaro to date. Other features included a 2-stage
exhaust, the addition of suede seats, steering wheel, and
shift knob, as well as ZL1-exclusive 20-inch aluminum
wheels. In 2012 Chevrolet unveiled the production of the
2013 Camaro ZL1 Convertible.
On December 19, 2012 GM announced that the Camaro
would return to being made in the United States, as production of the Camaro would be shifted to the Lansing
Grand River Assembly Plant in Michigan, citing “lower
capital investment and improved production efficiencies”
as “key factors” in the move.[25] This move is expected to
start in late 2015 or early 2016.[26]
At the 2013 New York Auto Show, Chevrolet unveiled a
line-up of 2014 Camaros with a refreshed body style and
the return of a Z/28 model.[27] The 2014 Camaro received
many upgrades, most notably to the exterior front and rear
of the vehicle. The front end of the new Camaro received
a slimmer grille along with a larger lower fascia and new
fog lights. The taillights took styling cues from the original first generation Camaro. The RS appearance package incorporates LED’s into both the headlights and taillights. The Z/28 model features a high-performance 7.0
liter LS7 V8 engine that produces 505 hp (377 kW),[28]
the same engine used in the Z06 Corvette. The new Z/28
features upgrades intended to improve lap times, and as
2016 Chevrolet Camaro RS
eration Camaro at Belle Isle park in Detroit, Michigan.
The launch, complete with previous generation Camaros
on display, coincided with the vehicle’s upcoming 50th
birthday.[29]
The sixth generation Camaro sales will begin in late 2015
and will be offered in LT and SS models built on the
GM Alpha platform at Lansing Grand River Assembly
in Michigan.[30] The A platform is currently used by the
Cadillac ATS. The 2016 Camaro will weigh 200 lb (91
kg) less than its predecessor. Over 70% of the sixth generation’s architectural components are unique to the car
and are not shared with any other current GM product.[31]
Early production will have three engine versions: a 2.0liter turbo-charged inline-four producing 275 hp (205
kW; 279 PS), a new 3.6-liter V6 making 335 hp (250
kW; 340 PS), while the SS model features the 6.2-liter
V8 with 455 hp (339 kW; 461 PS); the ZL1 model will
use a supercharged 640 hp (480 kW) LT4 based on the
Cadillac CTS-V,[32][33] and the transmissions are either a
six-speed manual (seven-speed manual for the 2017 ZL1)
or an eight-speed automatic.[30]
The 2016 Camaro will come equipped with both Apple
CarPlay and Android Auto Capability features. However,
only one of their phone brands at any one time can be
used.[34][35]
5
8
Racing
power. One part that had come out of his testing was the
Edelbrock Cross-Manifold. To this day the Smokey Yunick 1968 Camaro is owned by Vic Edelbrock Jr.
Bob Jane won both the 1971 and 1972 Australian Touring
Car Championships at the wheel of a Camaro.[36]
The Camaro was the official car of and used in the
Camaros racing in the 1976 Camaro Cup at Ring KnutInternational Race of Champions starting in 1975 and
storp in Sweden
lasting for 12 years until 1989. It was the first American
car of the series succeeding the Porsche Carrera RSR.
Today, Camaros are raced in many forms of auto racing
throughout the world. They are a favorite in drag racing, have won many championships, and can be currently
found in several series from the National Hot Rod Association, International Hot Rod Association, and United
States Hot Rod Association. Road racing Camaros can
Vintage Trans-Am racing of today.
currently be found in the Sports Car Club of America's
The Camaro was one of the vehicles in the SCCA- American Sedan series. They have also been the vehicle
used in the Swedish Camaro Cup series since 1975.
The Camaro was the Indianapolis 500 Pace Car in 1967,
1969, 1982, 1993, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2014. The Camaro also paced races at Daytona, Watkins Glen, Mosport in Canada, and Charlotte Motor Speedway.
The Camaro was also a regular in the IMSA GT Series.
Camaro Cup race car
The fifth-generation Camaro is expected to take to the
tracks in 2010 in the GT class of the Grand Am Road
Racing Championship. Stevenson Motorsports has announced it is seeking to run a two-car team of Pratt &
Miller built cars, based on the same spaceframe as the
Pontiac GXP-R.[37] The team also competes with Camaros in the Grand Sports class of the Grand-Am’s Continental Tire Challenge.[38]
In 2013, the Camaro was the car used for almost all the
sanctioned Trans-Am Series. Chevrolet worked with Chevy teams in the NASCAR Nationwide Series.
Roger Penske to operate their unofficially factory-backed
Trans Am team, winning the title in 1968 and 1969
with Mark Donohue. Jim Hall's Chaparral team replaced 9 In popular culture
Penske for the 1970 season. Warren Agor of Rochester,
NY, was the series’ leading Camaro privateer, his orange
#13’s o, 1993, 1994, and 1998.
There was also another SCCA Trans-Am Series Camaro
that was not popular because of racing but because of its
body modifications. This Camaro, number 13, had been
built and driven by Henry “Smokey” Yunick. Smokey
Yunick was a car builder who worked to reduce the weight
of his cars by acid-dipping body parts and installing thinner safety glass.
The Chevrolet Camaro also races in the NASCAR Xfinity
Series. The Camaro is a common Xfinity car.
The Penske/Donohue Camaros also had the front sheet
metal dropped, all four fenders widened, windshield laid
back, front sub-frame “Z’d” to lower the car, the floor
pan moved up and even the drip-rails were moved closer Bumblebee depicted as a 1974 Z28 and a 5th-gen Camaro
to the body. This Camaro had always kept its stock look
and had a 302 engine that was able to produce 482 horse- General Motors has made product placement, or embed-
6
10
REFERENCES
ded marketing, deals for the Chevrolet Camaro in numer- [15] Garsten, Ed (September 27, 2001). “GM to Discontinue
Camaro, Firebird”. Free Republic (Fresno, CA). Associous media.[39][40]
ated Press. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
The vehicle mode of the fictional character Bumblebee
in the 2007 film, Transformers, is first depicted as a [16] Hunkins, Johnny (July 29, 2004). “Rising from the
Ashes”. Hot Rod Network. Retrieved September 11,
1977 Camaro[41] and later a fifth-generation concept vari2014. Publicly, GM blamed slow sales, a deteriorated
ant. A modified fifth-generation Camaro reprises the
sports coupé market, and plant overcapacity.
role of Bumblebee in the sequels, Transformers: Revenge
[42]
of the Fallen, Transformers: Dark of the Moon
and [17] “Chevrolet Camaro Concept: Capturing the Timeless
Transformers: Age of Extinction.
Spirit of Camaro Besides the 3rd Gen Camaros” (Press
10
release). GM Media Online. January 9, 2006. Archived
from the original on February 2, 2007. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
References
[1] Holder, William G.; Kunz, Phillip (1995). Camaro. MotorBooks/MBI. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-7603-0092-3. Retrieved May 16, 2015 – via Google Books.
[2] “Chevy Camaro, Dodge Challenger, and Ford Mustang in
Pony-Car Showdown”. AutoWeek. June 10, 2009. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
[3] Siler, Wes (June 24, 2009). “Muscle Car Wars: Camaro
vs. Challenger vs. Mustang”. Jalopnik. Retrieved May
16, 2015.
[4] Stone, Matt; Mead, Scott (March 2009). “Comparison:
2002 Chevrolet Camaro SS vs 2001 Ford Mustang SVT
Cobra”. Motor Trend. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
[5] “Auto Buyers Have Spoken: GM Will Build An All-New
Chevrolet Camaro” (Press release). GM Media Online.
August 10, 2006. Archived from the original on February
25, 2007. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
[18] Keenan, Greg (August 18, 2006). “Canada to Build Camaro”. The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original
on May 22, 2007. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
[19] Mateja, Jim (March 10, 2008). “Chevy to Launch New
Camaro Coupé, Convertible as '10 Models”. Ward’s
Dealer Business. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
[20] Ramsey, Jonathon (March 12, 2008). “Chevy Camaro
to Be a 2010 Model, Not 2009”. Autoblog. Retrieved
September 11, 2014.
[21] Neff, John (July 21, 2008). “2010 Chevy Camaro: Official Details and Images”. Autoblog. Retrieved September
11, 2014.
[22] “2010 Chevrolet Camaro Review”. JB Car Pages. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
[23] “Chevrolet Camaro: World Car Design of the Year 2010”.
AUSmotive.com. April 8, 2010. Retrieved September
11, 2014.
[6] Settlemire, Scott. “The Day the Panther Died”. GMnext.
General Motors. Archived from the original on October
13, 2008. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
[24] “2011 Export Camaro Details & Differences”. camaroz28.com. June 23, 2011. Retrieved September 11,
2014.
[7] Biggs, Henry (February 3, 2006). “Top 10: Muscle cars”.
MSN Cars UK. Archived from the original on July 23,
2011. Retrieved May 16, 2015. When asked, Chevrolet
sales executives claimed a Camaro was a: 'a small, vicious
animal that eats Mustangs’.
[25] “Next-Generation Chevy Camaro to Be Built in the U.S”
(Press release). General Motors. December 19, 2012.
Retrieved September 11, 2014.
[8] Newhardt, David (2013). The Complete Book of Camaro:
Every Model Since 1967. Motorbooks. p. 26. ISBN 9780-7603-3961-9.
[9] “Comrade - Definition of comrade”.
webster.com.
merriam-
[10] Éditions Larousse. “Larousse”. larousse.fr.
[11] Antonick, Mike (2003). The Camaro White Book, 19672002. Motorbooks International. p. 4. ISBN 978-07603-1879-9.
[26] “GM to Shift Camaro Production from Oshawa to Michigan Plant”. CTV News. December 19, 2012. Retrieved
September 11, 2014.
[27] Wayland, Michael (March 30, 2013). “2014 Chevrolet
Camaro, Camaro Z/28 debut at New York Auto Show”.
MLive (Booth Newspapers). Retrieved September 11,
2014.
[28] “Camaro Z28 Returns in 2014: Shocking Debut in NYC”.
Chevrolet. Archived from the original on March 30, 2013.
[29] “GM unleashes new, smaller Chevrolet Camaro” from
USA Today (May 16, 2015)
[13] Antonick, p. 86.
[30] Ecclestone, Chris (16 May 2015). “This Is The All-New
2016 Chevy Camaro”. gmauthority.com. Retrieved 16
May 2015.
[14] “Chevy Camaro 1993 to 2002”. Chevrolet History. Classicchevrolets.com. May 26, 2012. Retrieved September
11, 2014.
[31] Bruce, Chris (19 April 2015). “Chevy keeps teasing next
Camaro, 70 percent of parts unique to it [w/video]". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
[12] Antonick, p. 21.}
7
[32] Spied! 2017 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 Muscles its Way
Around the 'Ring BY MEGAN STEWART / WRITTEN
SEPTEMBER 15, 2015 / RETRIEVED SEPTEMBER
18, 2015
[33] Motor Trend’s 2017 Chevy Camaro ZL1 chat
https://www.facebook.com/motortrendmag/posts/
10153143645121312
[34] “Apple CarPlay’s coming to these 14 Chevrolet cars in the
2016 model year” from PC World (May 27, 2015)
[35] “These are the 14 Chevrolet cars from the 2016 model
year that will have Android Auto” from PC World (May
27, 2015)
[36] “Australian Touring Car Championship”. Cars and Racing Stuff. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
[37] Interview with John Stevenson, Speed TV Grand Am
Montreal 200 broadcast, August 29, 2009
[38] “Stevenson Motorsports to Race a Brand New Chevrolet
Camaro in the Grand-Am KONI Challenge Series” (PDF)
(Press release). Stevenson Motorsports. November 13,
2008. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
[39] “Sears Department Store and Chevrolet Camaro Achieve
Highest Product Placement Scores for June, Nielsen Reports” (PDF). Nielsen. August 28, 2007. Retrieved May
16, 2015.
[40] Hinds, Julie (March 7, 2007). “GM Hopes Movie Roles
Transform Cars into Sellable Stars”. USA Today. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
[41] Huffman, John Pearley (June 10, 2007). “Driving the
Transformers Beater Bumblebee 1977 Camaro”. Edmunds. Archived from the original on October 29, 2009.
Retrieved May 16, 2015.
[42] Langfitt, Frank (July 21, 2009). “In The Camaro, a Glimmer of Hope for GM”. NPR. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
• Edsall, Larry (2009). Camaro: A Legend Reborn.
Motorbooks. ISBN 978-0-7603-2819-4.
11
External links
• Chevrolet Camaro official site
• Chevrolet Camaro at DMOZ
• Chevrolet Camaro at the Internet Movie Cars
Database
8
12
12
12.1
TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
Text
• Chevrolet Camaro Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Camaro?oldid=687399048 Contributors: The Anome, Rootbeer,
Cosmicforce, Oliver Pereira, Ixfd64, Mac, Darkwind, Lmendoza, Adam Bishop, Mrand, Morven, Pakaran, Robbot, Moriori, Ray Radlein,
Chris 73, RedWolf, Texture, Seano1, Lupin, Brian Kendig, Alison, Niteowlneils, Avsa, KevinTernes, Solipsist, Bobblewik, Lucky 6.9,
RivGuySC, Gadfium, Utcursch, Alexf, Gzuckier, Benjohnson, Antandrus, Garth 187, Cliffster1, Rdsmith4, Burgundavia, Sfoskett, Dawtcalm, ChrisCostello, Canterbury Tail, Mike Rosoft, N328KF, Heegoop, Discospinster, Brianhe, Rich Farmbrough, Milkmandan, Bender235, ESkog, JoeSmack, Danieljackson, Aqua008, Szyslak, RoyBoy, Adambro, Bobo192, Stesmo, Clarkewaldron, Elipongo, Nihil~enwiki, DCEdwards1966, Hagerman, Nsaa, Storm Rider, Patsw, Danski14, Alansohn, Hektor, Guy Harris, Trash, Arthena, Andrewpmk, Lord Pistachio, Mailer diablo, Snowolf, Jm51, Bucephalus, Velella, Fixman88, RainbowOfLight, Mikeo, Spambit, Gene Nygaard, Netkinetic, Blaxthos, Killing Vector, Kelly Martin, Woohookitty, TomTheHand, WadeSimMiser, Hailey C. Shannon, Vossanova,
Diego440, Dysepsion, Grammarbot, Edison, Josh Parris, Compgeek86, MarioV, Nightscream, Jivecat, Quiddity, The wub, Yamamoto
Ichiro, Sgkay, FlaBot, SportsMaster, Gurch, Karrmann, OrbitOne, Mpotter, Alphachimp, Mimithebrain, ApolloBoy, GrandRatCain,
Chobot, Bornhj, DVdm, Athello9, Gwernol, Mercury McKinnon, Drdisque, Themepark, Split, Carpictures, RussBot, SpuriousQ, Hellbus, Gaius Cornelius, CambridgeBayWeather, Lavenderbunny, Killridemedly, Yrithinnd, NawlinWiki, Welsh, RabidDeity, Robert Moore,
Dogcow, Sedidome, Anetode, Gurudata, D-quik, Larry laptop, Moe Epsilon, RUL3R, Paul.h, Brat32, DeadEyeArrow, PS2pcGAMER,
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Imzadi1979, Yamaguchi , Gilliam, Camelboy, Durova, Chris the speller, Bluebot, Persian Poet Gal, Stubblyhead, Jakerobb, BabuBhatt,
Tree Biting Conspiracy, Liamdaly620, MalafayaBot, McNeight, Fluri, BrendelSignature, Bazonka, The359, Kungming2, Baa, Colonies
Chris, Wisden17, William Allen Simpson, A. B., Camaro96, Trekphiler, Thesazi, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, OrphanBot, Malix,
Stepho-wrs, JesseRafe, Flyguy649, FiveRings, Shadow1, Vanished user iohfihw3i8i3hijkse, Kellyprice, Hammer1980, RossF18, Take Me
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Black Eagle~enwiki, JoeBot, Shoeofdeath, Provocateur, Tawkerbot2, LessHeard vanU, Ozzy 98, Sable232, Makeemlighter, B4Ctom1,
Hezzy, DeLarge, CWY2190, Viperman5686, NaBUru38, HumanZoom, Karenjc, RagingR2, Dheard1, Sopoforic, Cydebot, Fnlayson, Lil
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Mikem79, Aldis90, Derickrouer, SummonerMarc, Thijs!bot, DMather, Epbr123, MikeDirntRulez, Totensiebush, Shimofusa Dainagon,
CRON, Mojo Hand, Marek69, West Brom 4ever, John254, Zé da Silva, Alientraveller, ChevroletMan, Jwocky, Emergen, PG 13, Rp
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JAnDbot, Husond, AniRaptor2001, HawaiianCamaro, Cashie1, Instinct, Fetchcomms, Heartagram man, Neiltipton, Kommodant, IFCAR,
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Raven02ta, Kaotic.nite, Patstuart, Get Shorty, Oroso, Toddru, ClubOranje, MartinBot, White99x, Ed.higgins, ArcAngel, Hungrywolf41,
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Duhello, Tyroneezekiel, TyA, L Kensington, LaBelle1979, Donner60, Protector of Wiki, Georgief, Rangoon11, 1969yenko, Ozdilc, Chris-
12.2
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9
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Retrofreak27, Kussmajk, BG19bot, Mgalimard, Ctryellowbird, Psyko666, CenCalTerrain, SpaceChimp1992, AwamerT, Mark Arsten,
Kuhrayzee, Kuhrayzee2, Aranea Mortem, Iluvsammi, Urbanoc, Avatar36, Glacialfox, Papier K, T-payne94, BattyBot, Loganwilliams95,
Teammm, Cyberbot II, Jethro B, Detroittigersfan, Zerxeazy, Beapackerfan, Phagen6368, Dexbot, FireHaxor, Billy the kid 14, Jando21, ZacAttack123456789, Lugia2453, Jamesx12345, Jawalker67, Wywin, Fwagent, TgeoWilson, C.S. Lawson, Awsomeness2419, DeEsseintes,
Camyoung54, I am One of Many, Alfy32, Yusufnagib, NJIT HUM 11, Bahooka, Andre’s Possee, Tuner tom, Nyth83, Kharkiv07, St8tipsy,
Quenhitran, TCMemoire, Danishdalas, Dalasd001, Minato305, 7Sidz, Hodgesmotorsports, Monkbot, Jt32620, EurovisionNim, EmkayDevico, Jmvictory, Let’s kill some ducks (jk), Boss302Lover, 115ash, Shelbyseth123, TudoDudo, KH-1, Motorman12345, Nightwing2.0,
Mustanggirl8575, Greymond695, HathmanShelbs, Gallivanjr19, David361, Ratmaldonado, Oleaster, Jackorva, Netcam37, Camaro5thgen,
Blade Solomon, 16belll, MyBoiPayton18, Cj721, Emaier15, 81z28convertible, Expandinglight5, Ravi222bsr, Bahenrie, Bako nose best and
Anonymous: 1592
12.2
Images
• File:1972_blue_Chevrolet_Camaro_Turbo_350_front_side.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/
1972_blue_Chevrolet_Camaro_Turbo_350_front_side.JPG License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist:
BrokenSphere
• File:2002ChevroletCamaroSS35-001.jpg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/
2002ChevroletCamaroSS35-001.jpg License: CC BY 2.5 Contributors: http://www.projectrich.com/gallery Original artist: Rich
Niewiroski Jr.
• File:2010ChevroletCamaro-05-1.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/2010ChevroletCamaro-05-1.jpg
License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: 2010 Camaro Original artist: Nick Ares from Auburn, CA, United States
• File:2010ChevroletCamaro-05.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/2010ChevroletCamaro-05.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: 2010 Camaro Original artist: Nick Ares from Auburn, CA, United States
• File:2016_Chevrolet_Camaro.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/82/2016_Chevrolet_Camaro.jpg License: CCBY-SA-2.0 Contributors:
Camaro 6th Gen Original artist:
Forty5th
• File:BumblebeeCamaro-02.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/BumblebeeCamaro-02.jpg License:
CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: Camaro Bumblebee Original artist: Kevin Ward from Eastpointe, USA
• File:Camaro-Transformers03.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Camaro-Transformers03.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Xavigivax
• File:Camaro1.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Camaro1.jpg License: CC BY 2.5 Contributors: No
machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims). Original artist: No machine-readable author provided.
MikeDirntRulez~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims).
• File:Camaro_Cup_35.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Camaro_Cup_35.jpg License: CC-BY-SA3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Nowotny
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• File:Chevrolet_Camaro_(15158957874).jpg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Chevrolet_Camaro_
%2815158957874%29.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Chevrolet Camaro Original artist: jeremyg3030
• File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
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• File:Puss_&_Kram_Camaro.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Puss_%26_Kram_Camaro.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: HMS (Hyllinge Motorsällskap), Sweden and Valter Nilsson. Pressphoto for promotion of Kvällspostens
Newsrace 1976. Original artist: Unknown
• File:Trans-Am-01.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Trans-Am-01.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: originally posted to Flickr as 70 Camaro, 67 Camaro Z28, 67 Camaro Z28, 67 Camaro Original artist: Nathan Bittinger
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