Chinese Gardens (Architecture Art eBook)

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Writing: Sui Yu, Xun Wei
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Photography: Shenghui Liu
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Plan: Shirley Yuan, Silvia Cai
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Design: Cai Yong
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Translator: Zhu Yifan
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53 The Grand Rockery (Dajiashan) in front of the Mountain-Admiring Hall (Yangshantang) is the oldest, largest and most delicate yellow stone rockery in the
Southern Yangtze River region. Ìt is 14 metres high, giant and majestic, with a River-Viewing Kiosk (Wangjiangting) on the top.
63 The delicate hexagonal pavilion over the water offers a view of the Moon-Viewing Kiosk (Deyuelou) opposite, and also the moon-shaped gate in the distance.
73 At the corner of the courtyard, some mountain stones, magnolia and bamboo, with the white wall as backdrop, shape a delightful view.
83 Precipitous, graceful and well conceived, the snail-like cave is delicately formed out of lake stone rockery. At the southern side there is a U-shaped fishing
platform, providing a fine waterside view.
93 The Gate with Two Dragons and a Pearl (Shuanglongzhumen) is the entrance to the Full View Hall (Huijinglou). Walking by the Dragon Wall (Longqiang),
the intricate and lively decorated roof of the performance stage can be seen.
:3 There is a half-pavilion at the entrance to the gallery. Before walking into it, you can see a partition wall in the middle, with a lake stone called Beauty's Waist
(Meirenyao) in the foreground. Here you can enjoy a good view of the garden's famous tower. The lower part is called the Mountain-Admiring Hall (Yangshantang),
while the upper part called the Rain-Curtained Pavilion (Juanyulou).
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;3 The Wave-Hearing Pavilion (Tingtaoge) is an elaborate combination of a Xieshan
1
-style roof and a hexagonal top. Apanorama of ponds and galleries extends beyond it.
<3 At the end of the tranquil creek with its ancient trees, the Nine-Lion Pavilion (Jiushixuan) is itself surrounded by shady trees. The exquisite Full View Hall
(Huijinglou) to the east of it has a Xieshan
1
-style roof and double eaves, and is painted in rich colours.
=3 Mountain stones, combined with lovely magnolia and climbing plants, offer a natural transition between the various views.
543 The small stage with its twin Xieshan
1
-style roofs, known as the performance stage, extends, delicate and exquisite, over the water. From here you can see
the Swift Tower (Kuailou) on the stone mountain in the distance.
553 The carved flying dragon on top of a wall, known as Dragon in the Clouds (Chuanyunlong), is one of the most famous features of the Garden of Contentment (Yuyuan).
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563 An arched bridge crosses over the creek at the entrance of the Ìnner Garden (Neiyuan), and the main buildings inside this garden can be seen.
573 Connected to the Gallery of Jade (Jiyushuilang), the Wave-Hearing Pavilion (Tingtaoge) is named after the sound of waves imitated by the pine
trees on windy days.
583 The Nine-Lion Pavilion (Jiushixuan), with its Xieshan
1
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the fish in the pond.
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593 The lake stone rockery by the wall is dotted with flowers and herbs, with solitary stones glimpsed between the plants.
5:3 The tree-planted platform built with mountain rocks is covered with bamboo, creating a quiet space with winding paths and
uneven surfaces.
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5;3 This rockery of grotesque figures made from Tai Lake (Taihu) stone stands by the wall, forming a small and enclosed space.
5=3 A pair of lovely stone lions is placed at the entrance to the Garden of Contentment's (Yuyan) Ìnner Garden (Neiyuan).
5<3 The winding gallery and the buildings here form a free space, where the windows borrow the views from another courtyard on
the other side.
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643 The main building of the Ìnner Garden (Neiyuan) is a combination of two structures with Xieshan
1
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and reinforces the sense of a changing space inside.
653 The stage by the pond may be small, but its eaves are elaborately carved and brightly-coloured, while the lively decoration of the roof makes it all the more splendid.
663 This three-storied Xieshan
1
-style roof pavilion hidden in the grove shows the delicate beauty of the Southern Yangtze River building style.
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673 The undulating silhouette of buildings is seen in the distance, inside the courtyard, there are exquisite carved wall pictures and landscape miniatures.
683 The north-facing ancient performance stage with its exquisitely carved pillars and beams is acknowledged as the "most important ancient performance stage
in the Southern Yangtze River region¨.
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uahhks opkjao@ Kkhhksejc ] opkja l]pd ha]`ejc pk pda pkl> kja eo nas]n`a` sepd ] l]jkn]i] kb pda c]n`aj@
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nabha_po pda ogehbqh ]j` ]npeope_ `aoecj@
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1/ Beauty can be seen everywhere: from the rockeries that are ,delicate, porous, hollow and furrowed- (shou, lou, tou, *hou), to the white walls with patterned
windows and eaves, as well as attractive trees and herbs.
2/ Standing on the *ig*ag bridge at the northwest corner of the garden, one can see the Duck-Shooting Corridor (Sheyalang) opposite, and nearby the
yellow stone rockery, as well as the Kiosk for the Advent of the Moon and Wind (Tundaofenglaiting).
3/ Graceful plants remove the monotony from this plain white wall, and randomly placed grotesque stones form an interesting close-up view.
4/ Grotesque stones are placed in irregular layers and patterns, forming a perfect combination with the half-pavilion.
5/ Eaves, rockeries and plants constitute a frame through which the distant views present themselves: the moon-shaped gate and the Z-shaped Beauty+s
Seat close by form a harmonious picture.
6/ The waterside corridor named Veranda by the Bamboo (Zhuwaiyi*hixuan) is easily approachable and corresponds with the Duck-Shooting Corridor
(Sheyalang) on the southeast side. Leaning on the Beauty+s Seat, one has a good view of the pond.
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7/ The huge pillar shaped like a bamboo shoot looks towering in comparison with the short bamboo shrubs.
8/ The waterside pavilion known as the Duck-Shooting Corridor (Sheyalang) is an ornamental building by the east bank of the pond. Ìt is also a place for
admiring the view, and serves as the access to the inner residence as well. There is a yellow-brown rockery with trees and herbs by the pavilion.
9/ The garden as a whole integrates natural beauty and culture: the buildings are elegant, the water and hills graceful, and the trees and flowers fragrant.
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10/ Simple and elegant buildings form a perfect mix with the ancient trees and grotesque stones.
11/ The intertwining ancient trees and scattered rockeries bring about a distinct layering of the scenes in the isolated courtyard.
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13/ Sitting on the Beauty+s Seat and communing with the scene, one can feel the artistry brought about by pine trees and stones shaped like bamboo shoots.
14/ The corridor in front of the building serves as a place for admiring the view. Here, the grotesque stones and thriving trees make the plain wall an attractive scene.
12/ This separate courtyard is also well designed: the rockery and trees become the borrowed scenes
3
for the buildings.
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15/ Dotted with rockeries, flowers and trees, the garden is filled with tranquillity, in harmony with the moon-shaped gate at the entrance.
16/ White walls, grey tiles, ornamental perforated windows, thick shrubs, grotesque stones and rockeries.
17/ An ancient well hidden in the corner reflects the history and culture of the Garden of the Master of the Fishing Nets (Wangshiyuan).
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18/ The yellow-brown rockeries in a variety of shapes separate the planted area from the paths.
19/ A cluster of bamboo at the corner of the garden with a rockery in front of it. Scenes by the path are artfully designed.
20/ The climbing plants on this delicate bridge reflect its history; the coloured stones in front of the bridge depict auspicious patterns.
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1. The bottle-shaped gate at the west gallery of the Hall of the Clear Way (Mingdaotang) forms a mutual opposite scenery
4
with the facing banana tree.
*. The bamboo between the double gallery and the gable wall alongside adds a feeling of layers.
+. Three Chinese characters of "Cang Lang Ting¨ (Bleu Waves Pavilion) written by Yu Yue are carved on the plaque. A couplet on the pillar reads "priceless are
the fresh breeze and the bright moon; affective are the nearby water and the distant mountain¨.
,. The double gallery zigzags through a pavilion. The earth-and-rock mountains have a preponderance of earth, and are protected by yellow stones on the slope.
-. The Blue Waves Pavilion (Canglangting) is built according to a square plan, with stone pillars, tiled Xieshan
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simple and stately feel.
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/. The square style Chinese characters (Lishu, ancient style of chinese calligraphy, typical of the Han dynasty) of "Cang Lang Ting¨ written by Wen Zhengming
are carved above the doorway of the Blue Waves Pavilion, while the stone lake rockery serves as a screen behind.
0-1. Roof drip tiles and roof-end tiles are exquisitely engraved. On the roof, decorative lions seem to be playing with balls.
10. The exquisite lattice windows of the double gallery represent generous lotus leaves and lotus in blossom.
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11. Bamboo flourishes by the gable wall, looking exuberant against the white background.
1*. The small courtyard enclosed by the double gallery centres on the yellow stone rockery; the trees at the corner are particularly elegant.
1+. A four-cornered square pavilion above the water forms an end to the gallery and offers a place to contemplate the fish.
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1. The Red Barge (Naohongyige) rises above the water, bringing vitality to the garden with its delicate hung window adorned with red lanterns.
2. The main building of the garden, the "Retreat and Reflection Hall¨ (Tuisicaotang) north of the pond is open on four sides, with a terrace by the water.
3. A collection of grotesque stones surrounding an ancient tree against the backdrop of a white colonnade, presenting graceful views of a courtyard.
4. Opening the window reveals a pretty view, with bamboo shrubs, tall stone posts that look like bamboo shoots and white walls with grey tiles at
varying heights.
*. The many layers of buildings and courtyards give the impression of depth and suggest the residence of a large, wealthy family.
+. The views of the Garden of Retreat and Reflection (Tuisiyuan) stretch out like an unfolding ink scroll, making people delighted to return.
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,. The simple garden gateway has neither ornaments nor steps, only the three Chinese characters "Tui Si Yuan¨ (Garden of Retreat and
Reflection) over it.
-. The courtyard centres on a lonely tree. The ground is paved with pebbles in delicate and exquisite patterns.
.. The auspicious symbol of a butterfly is often used as the pattern in paving. Here the pattern is graceful and lifelike.
10. The rock piles against the fan-shaped lattice window create a unique view.
11. A "reddish cloud¨ hovers over the gatehead, and a second garden doorway is visible through the first, giving a feeling of depth.
13. The zigzag gallery by the pond leads to the boat-shaped Red Barge (Naohongyige) pavilion.
14. The zigzag gallery along the bank is dotted with plants and rocks, creating a more playful view.
12. The open doors bring a gentle breeze and borrow views from the garden.
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1. Standing on the two-storied double gallery, you will find another landscape: a whole view of the pond, with the Water Centre Kiosk (Shuixinting) dominating.
2. The fascinating hollow stones here are only found in this garden. The rockery built with Tai Lake (Taihu) stones has steep sides, precipitous cliffs, grotesque
peaks and pitted stones.
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3. The rockery built against the corner of the wall is decorated with trees and water, forming an attractive view beside the small apple-shaped gate.
4. The square pavilion has pyramid roofs at the four corners. A stone table and chairs are placed in the middle, with engraved stone balustrades. Walking down
the three stone steps, you come to the platform over the water.
5. The double-path cloister is a major feature of the garden. This is the intersection of two crossing corridors, separated only by a wall. The space looks smaller
and its skilfully designed turns make it all the more fascinating.
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6. As the owner of the garden was a lover of poetry, he named the garden Ambitions Expressing Resort (Jixiaoshanzhuang) after Tao Yuanming's poem "Leaning
against the southern window to manifest pride, climbing onto the eastern highland to express ambitions¨.
7. High walls on two sides and a moon-shaped gate on the front, where scenes in the garden are visible.
8. The path by the building is designed with a rare crescent-shaped gate, while the randomly placed rocks look fascinating.
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9. The intricate waterside pavilion is built against the gable, with upturned eaves, forming a perfect ensemble with the rockery.
10. The cobbles and small tiles of the paving evoke the glittering surface of water and the rhythm of waves.
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11. The peak in the northeast is crowned with a pavilion which is connected with pits, holes, a cave and a small cottage, feeling like range upon range of mountains and towers.
12. Going through the crab apple-shaped gateway, you come to a small courtyard with rocks, herbs, lattice windows, and the four Chinese characters of Sliced
Stone Built House (Pianshishanfang).
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13. The rockery built against the wall and the trees and herbs beside it form a fascinating and tranquil scene.
14. Lattice windows in the double-path cloister bring borrowed scenes
3
from the garden.
15. Made of Tai Lake (Taihu) stones piled closely against the wall, the rockery contains a cave and is paved in front in a pattern representing a Red-crowned
Crane and Mesona chinensis (both the animal and the grass are considered celestial in China).
16. The flower-shaped hollow window opening can both introduce and reveal views, bringing more layers to the garden and making it more labyrinthine.
17. Trough the bottle-shaped door, you can see the rockery and plants in the courtyard. This seemingly unintentional arrangement brings a special feeling to
the view.
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cn which c|cuc:, |clu: pelc|:, hecven|y king: cnc :lrcng men hcve Leen ccrvec, c|| lcpic: frcm Chine:e mylhc|cgy. /fler lhe ¨813" incicenl
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/- Waterside buildings, whitewashed plaster walls and dark grey tiles match well with the doors and windows in bright red, forming a harmonious picture with
their reflections in the water.
0- Located by the Playing Geese Pond (Xi+echi), the boat house (Buxi*hou) with its plaster wall and dark grey tiles has a pavilion in the front, a gallery in the
middle, and a two-storied tower in the back, with lattice windows.
1- Ìn this complete view of Playing Geese Pond (Xi+echi), you can see the stone boat (Buxi*hou) and the Floating Bamboo Pavilion (Fujunge) opposite, which
is raised above the water, with a platform from which to play with the geese.
2- The sutra stupa matches the opposite tower, with willowy trees and yellow stones on the bank, like a scenic painting.
3- The Flying Kite and Jumping Fish Pavilion (Yuanfeiyuyaoxuan) is to the west of Lake of Mandarin Ducks (Yuanyanghu), with a Beauty+s Seat on three sides.
The pavilion, separated into three parts with pillars, has a Xieshan
1
-style roof, and a round and vase-shaped doorway in the back.
4- A *ig*ag bridge crosses over the lake from south to north, leading to the Lake-Centred Kiosk (Huixinting).
5- To the north of the Flying Kite and Jumping Fish Pavilion (Yuangfeiyuyaoxuan), the Reclusive Hall (Yiyetang) is the most splendid building in the garden. The
hall was built during the Ming Dynasty, with four upturned eaves and surrounding pillars, and a protruding colonnade.
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6- Moon-shaped doors, lattice windows, upturned eaves and colour stone paved paths result in a tranquil and elegant garden.
7- The octagonal stupa on seven levels built during the Tang Dynasty has a lotus pedestal and upturned eaves, presenting a form of primitive simplicity.
/.- The simple yet elegant gate tower has a Xieshan
1
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//- Walking across the bridge, with ancient trees on one side and the emerald bamboo grove on the other, you can see the gate tower of the Southern Garden
(Nanyuan) and the stupa in front of it.
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/0- Green plants grow vigorously in the garden. From the bridge, you see the nine-metre-high White Crane Kiosk (Baiheting), with its pentagonal pyramid roof
and a lifelike flying crane on the top.
/1- Grotesque rocks on one side of the garden path while thick plants on the other, bringing about more fun to the path.
/2- Plaster walls, dark grey tiles and vase-shaped door give the garden a graceful feeling.
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/3- The ground at the bridge end is paved with a variety of patterns, and a lotus pattern is vaguely visible.
/4- A distinct feature of Garden of Ancient Splendour (Guyiyuan), the coloured stone paths are paved with a variety of materials including yellow stone, bluestone,
pebble, brick, tile, broken pieces of jars and bowls in diverse lively and delicate patterns such as representations of plants and animals.
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1. An elaborately decorated pavilion with Xieshan
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2. The ancient stone gate tower at the entrance to the garden has two lovely stone lions in front of it.
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3. Plantain leaves are visible through the frame of an unusually shaped doorway, adorned with trees and flowers on one side.
4. The buildings with whitewashed walls and grey tiles look all the more under the intertwined ancient trees.
5. Exuberant ancient trees and yellow stone paths lead to an octagonal pavilion with a pyramid roof, which is unique, being crowned by a small animal sculpture.
6. Turns in the corridor enrich the variety of views, with each step giving a different view.
7. Against a backdrop of green plants, three slim, perforated and wrinkled lake rocks seem to be putting on a beauty contest.
8. The zigzag stone bridge surrounded with herbs and rocks stretches across the creek to the other side, where tall trees stand, with sunlight filtering through
the green leaves.
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9. A delicate arched stone bridge, with a range of buildings at various heights.
10. The double corridor across the river has no facade at its lower level, making the space more transparent and adding
to the scenes.
11. Lively stone sculptures on the gate tower seem to be telling folkloric stories.
12. The front ridge matches the gable in a harmonious way; this one has a round decoration with an engraved flying dragon.
13. Trees and bamboo outside the lattice window leave dappled shadows on the white wall.
14. The dragon-head ridge ornament on the gate tower ends with a stone flower basket on the lateral ridge.
15. Colourful cobbles are paved in a variety of exquisite patterns.
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1. The veranda serves to organize the spaces and give a sense of direction.
2. The round platform with white marble balustrades is used to "float wine cups along the winding water¨. Surrounded by potted plants, it adds to the courtyard view.
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3. The three-storied building is a gathering place; mature ancient trees provide shady places.
4. The semi-enclosed courtyard covered with a canopy is a tranquil, private and separate place.
5. The well-known traditional Chinese paintings in the gallery add special things to see, and a feeling of Chinese culture.
6. The decoration of the wing-rooms of the courtyard houses is elaborate; the rocks and trees display the royal magnificence of the Qing Dynasty.
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7. The wing-room, measured out into five bay widths
2
, has colour paintings on the doors and windows; a pair of stone lanterns in front of the doorway gives the
rich feel of a Chinese courtyard.
8. Though it is only steps away from the bustling Xidan business area, the China Club (Zhonguohui), preserving the essence of traditional Chinese buildings,
silently keeps things as they were in the mansion of Emperor Kangxi's 24
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son, and seems to take people back in history to the time of royal families.
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9. The white marble platform is designed for "floating wine cups along the winding water¨, and arranged along the same central axis as the main hall. This axis
running through the neatly ordered courtyard gives it a feeling of depth.
looking through and protecting from the cold.
10. The doors and windows of the three-bay-width wing room are adorned with colour paintings in the Qing style, but also have glass where necessary, both for
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1. The standard layout of Beijing courtyard houses, with grey bricks and tiles, exhibits elegant simplicity.
2. Courtyard houses, dotted here and there with plants and grotesque rocks.
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3. Winding paths stretch into the distance, bringing layering and depth of field.
*. The grotesque rocks against the whitewashed walls seem to be dancing under the shady trees.
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,. A winding path paved with cobbled mosaic, willow trees, peach blossoms, and the courtyard houses in the distance are elaborately arranged to depict a
serene picture of Oriental beauty.
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.. Grotesque stones and ancient trees at the entrance of courtyard houses give full expression to this garden's unique style.
/. Elaborately arranged plants and rocks appear as a spontaneous display of nature.
10. Undulating slopes with red peach blossoms, green willows and awe-inspiring rocks present a contrast of solid and empty spaces.
11. Grotesque rocks, peach blossoms, ancient trees and a mountain kiosk make up a colourful picture.
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1. An enclosed space composed of houses and galleries, with exquisite colour paintings on the beams.
2. At a corner of the courtyard there are rock piles, and bamboo shrubs in the curved flowerbeds, while the stone tables and stools construct an independent
space that is elegant and serene.
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3. Rocks and plants at the corner enrich the views at the wall; stone tables and stools are placed on a round paved area.
4. The surroundings of the courtyard houses have been designed in various ways, with winding paths and plants around the buildings bringing vitality to the garden.
5. The tall locust tree planted at one side of the courtyard testifies to the history of the East Garden Opera Tower (Dongyuanxilou).
6. The galleries not only serve to orientate the visitor, but also partition off relatively independent spaces.
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7. Acourtyard with ponds, arched bridges, streams, grotesque rocks, fish and birds depicts a serene picture, providing a relaxing place amid this bustling downtown area.
8. The grotesque rocks in varying shapes resemble different things according to the eyes of the beholder.
9. The space between the huge rock and the boundary wall is narrow, but the winding path between them adds a special touch of beauty.
10. Red, blue and green were the basic colours for buildings in the Ming and Qing dynasties, together with grey tiles and bricks. These colours helped to create
the magnificence of royal gardens.
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11. Another gallery at the corner encloses an independent and private space.
12. The skilful arrangement of the pavilion, gallery and house on a terrace forms the interesting silhouette of buildings and the contour of the water's edge.
13. The waterside pavilion in a distinctly northern garden style is built against the wall; glass between the columns acts as shield from the wind while one is
admiring the view.
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20 Magnolia and Chinese redbud blossoms by the stone path in early Spring contrast with the evergreen pine trees and box hedges.
30 Upon entering the courtyard, you see the focal point of the garden, Kuixing Tower, contributing to the skyline.
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40 The Dragon Crooning and Tiger Roaring (Longyinhuxiao) rock in the pond weighs 5.6 tons. The tiger on the top is snarling almost audibly, while the dragon
near the water seems to be chanting + the beauty of it lies in its unlikely similarity to these mythical animals. The rock is selected from the mountains in Lingbi
Country, Anhui Province.
50 Rocks and plants at the edges of this canal soften straight lines and add to its charm.
70 Onthestreet east of theConfucianTemple(Wenmiao), thethree-story, hexagonal KuixingPavilionwithits pyramidroof enriches thesilhouetteof thegarden, borrows scenes
from the landscape outside the garden, and provides a place from which to enjoy a view of the whole garden.
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80 Rocks are piled on the bank, where winter jasmine and willows grow, connecting naturally with the water. A stone table adds a touch of scholarly elegance.
90 A rich variety of plants in elaborately trimmed shapes, including magnolia, coral trees, osmanthus and box, contribute to a solemn, elegant and tranquil temple.
:0 A stone gate above the path to the pond opens up different views while the winding path leads to a new world.
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210 Zunjing Pavilion is a library containing the six classic books of Confucianism (Liujing), as well as royal books and articles from several philosophical standpoints.
First built in 1484, the 20
th
year of Emperor Chenghua,s reign in the Ming Dynasty, in 1931 the pavilion was turned into the earliest state library in Shanghai.
220 The Dacheng Gate leading to Dacheng Hall is dividing into five bay widths
2
, the central one being the widest, with a stately and solemn single eave and
Yingshan
1
-style roof.
230 Listen to the Rain Pavilion is built on the western bank of the pond, a perfect place for appreciating the landscape, which is more delightful, elegant and
poetic here than anywhere else in the Temple complex.
240 Minglun Hall, a single eave hall, was historically the place for the preaching of Confucianism. Ìt was first built in the 11
th
year of Emperor Yuan*hi,s reign
(1351), has a bron*e square vessel in the foreground, and an open gallery on one side exhibiting ancient steles.
15
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250 Opposite the Zunjing Pavilion, Xuan Gallery is connected with a porch recording the names of scholars of Shanghai ancestry, to form an enclosed space. A
variety of grotesque stones are exhibited in the gallery, with a Lingbi rock representing an auspicious animal in the courtyard.
260 Lingxing Gate, a four-pillar engraved stone gateway nine metres wide by eight metres high, has exquisite workmanship and a precise layout.
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270 The *ig*ag gallery used to exhibit rocks forms a long and narrow space with the upturned eaves of Zunjing Tower. Miniature landscapes here present unique scenes.
280 The Chinese characters -Da Cheng Dian. (Palais Dacheng) are engraved on the plaque. The main hall for worshipping Confucius in the Confucian Temple
(Wenmiao) was built in the 31
st
year of Emperor Yuan*hi,s reign (1294). Emperor Hui*ong in the Song Dynasty acknowledged Confucius as the saint -who
attained great accomplishment in ancient China. and named the hall -Dacheng. (great accomplishment). This huge and majestic hall to enshrine the -three saints.
(including Confucius) is built with double eaves and a Xieshan
1
-style roof. Ìt houses a sculpture of Confucius and a Dacheng Bell.
019;42 028:72 +019;42 /5,- .256593
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1. The ginkgo trees are surrounded by the white marble balustrades. With their extraordinarily tall and hick trunks, they are said to have been planted
during the Liao Dynasty (about 1,000 years ago).
2. Four ancient trees, a luxuriant bamboo grove, flowers and exotic plants grow in front of the Abbot's Court (Fangzhangyuan) in the eastern section.
3. The majestic Mahavira Hall (Daxiongbaodian) of Tanzhe Temple (Tanzhesi) contains five bay widths
2
, with double eaves, a Wudian
1
-style roof, and a
spacious terrace in foreground surrounded by white marble balustrades.
4. Ancient pines with their straight trunks and winding branches add a deep green to the landscape.
*. Beside the steps ascending to the Mahavira Hall (Daxiongbaodian), a giant ancient tree testifies to the history of the ancient temple.
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+. Standing on the platform of the Mahavira Hall (Daxiongbaodian), you have a full view of all the side halls and the distant mountains.
,. Looking east from the Mahavira Hall (Daxiongbaodian), you see layers upon layers of large courtyards, like royal palaces.
-. From the simple gateway typical of northern China, one can see the ancient trees in the courtyard as opposite scenery.
.. The Yingshan
1
-style roofs of neighbouring buildings at vastly different heights.
10. The Chinese characters of "Xiuyun Buddhist Temple built at the order of the Emperor¨ by Kangxi Emperor, on the simple yet majestic gate.
11. The number of animals and immortals on the ridge signifies the importance of the building.
12. Details suggesting important buildings: a dragon-head ridge ornament, immortals, animals, patterned tiles and coloured paintings.
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1. The square in front of the West Garden Temple (Xiyuansi) gate measures more than 2,000 square metres, and contains a several well-known trees. The
gate has yellow walls, grey tiles, red columns and colourful paintings.
2. Lake-centre Pavilion (Hushinting), the octagonal pavilion in the pond, has double eaves and a pyramid roof. Ìt is connected to the banks with a skilfully designed
zigzag bridge.
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3. Lake-centre Pavilion (Hushinting), a two-level structure in brick and wood, whose double eaves have upturned corners, is a delicate and gracious construction.
4. The undulating Cloud Wall (Yunqiang) blocks the water views; the lattice windows give borrowed views
3
; the zigzag bridge in the distance extends into the water.
5 6
118
5. The serene garden encircled by the cloister contains an ancient tree with intertwined branches like wandering dragons; together with the Tai Lake (Taihu)
rocks, they display a wonderful picture.
6. The zigzag cloister encircles a tranquil, independent garden; the white wall at one side of the cloister has lattice windows, giving borrowed views
3
.
7. Ìntertwined ancient trees, the water surrounding the garden walls, low balustrades on the bank, and lattice windows providing views of the garden.
8. Green bamboo, stone benches, miniature landscapes, a Cloud Wall (Yunqiang) and lattice windows construct a harmonious view in the garden.
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9. An indispensable element of religious buildings, the majestic bell and drum tower has a square plan and upturned eaves.
10-11. Lattice windows on the yellow wall present rich layers and religious patterns.
12. The ornamental figures on the vertical ridge of the gable roof are lifelike, while a dragon head is carved on the diagonal ridge of the Xieshan
1
-style roof.
13. A wall engraved with auspicious images: here carp playing in the water, mountains, and a sea-and-cloud good luck symbol.
1;>3<5 036:43 /3<459 +.396=3 2>39,- 17396738
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1. Paths are paved with square or rectangular stone slabs or blocks, zigzagging up to the gates in the garden walls.
2. The waterside pavilion provides a superb view of the wide lake.
3
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3. Low screen walls, stone steps and flower beds construct the courtyard; no trees have been planted close to it, so as to stress the solemnity of the cultural relic.
4. Graceful yet playful bamboos in a variety of shapes and species, including fern leaf hedge bamboo, black bamboo, round bamboo, basket bamboo, phyllostachys
glauca etc., some antique long stone benches and a hut pavilion rarely seen in southern China.
5. Large tracts of lawn to the south of the lake, with sparsely planted maple trees; weeping willows by the lake and a corner of the waterside pavilion can been
seen in the distance.
6. Yellowish brown stone rockery amid the green pines; the Square Pagoda (Fangta) is just visible in the distance.
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7. Walls at various heights, with lush green creeping plants on the moon gate.
8. A winding lake, bamboo grove, intertwined ancient trees, and delicate arched bridges.
9. The natural, spacious and tranquil garden is innovative, with its sections of wall and manmade hills that surround but not do enclose it, and new materials
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1. The garden gate with upturned roof-eaves and the crab-apple-flower-shaped portal forms a fantastic view.
*. The windowed veranda of the stone boat pavilion seems to be floating on the water. An independent, enclosed space, the pavilion gives a full view of the
garden from its upper floor.
+. The most renowned scene in the garden, Crane Kiosk Bridge (Hetingqiao) is a unique combination of kiosk and bridge, and harmonizes with its reflection in the water.
,. Pavilions, galleries and bridges by the water enrich the skyline of the garden.
-. The banks of the zigzag pond have a contour softened with rock piles, and the architectural layout makes full use of the borrowed scenery from the garden.
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/. The delicate, homely stone boat stands above the water, welcoming people and making them feel comfortable.
0. The upturned eaves of the Crane Kiosk Bridge (Hetingqiao) look like flying birds, and the bridge itself is a skilful combination of kiosk, gallery and bridge.
1. Pavilions, towers, stone boats, winding galleries, shimmering lakes and trees portray a picturesque landscape.
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10. The Xieshan
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11. The waterside pavilion is open to the water on three sides, with an elegant low balustrade.
1*. "A vast span of water links the landscape, a reflection of the moon mirrors the Rainbow Bridge¨ is a verse describing the Rainbow Bridge (Chuihongqiao),
renowned as one of the most magnificent scenes in the Suzhou region. Today, although the full effect of the "rainbow¨ has been lost, this ancient bridge still
presents a poetic landscape.
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1+. A pavilion perched on a rockery among the shrubs is built against the gable wall and provides a place for admiring the view.
1,. A side gate with a four-cornered pyramid roof and upturned eaves is connected to the tourist gallery; an exquisite rock pile stands beside the gate, while the
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the water.
2. A winding stream connects the scenes in the garden, while pavilions, a kiosk, terraces and galleries at various heights add to the endless views.
3. The central scenic area follows the principle of "a pond with three mountains¨. The artificial lake in the garden is connected with the inside moat.
4. An irregular-shaped bank dotted with flowers, trees and rocks. The stone slab bridge connects islets of varying sizes in the pond.
5. The imposing rockery stretches to the bank of the pond, while the hexagonal pavilion on top of the rockery gives a sublime effect. Caverns and cracks abound
at the bottom, with numerous cavities in the rocks.
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6. The five-metre-high city walls extend 300 metres in total; slab steps north of the wall allow one to climb to its top.
*. The Green Waves Bridge (Biboqiao) is a single-arch stone bridge in the shape of a half moon, like a rainbow stretching over the water.
+. Ruiguang Pagoda, 53.57 metres high, is a seven-storey ancient wooden pagoda with bricks on eight sides; the pagoda's spire is 9.14 metres high, and its
base is almost one metre lower than the road level, as it is a sunken tower.
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1. Lotus-shaped stepping stones on the water's surface are fun and pleasing for the eye and the foot.
2. Rock piles and cascades dotted with lotus, cycas and monstera, displaying rustic beauty.
3
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3. Three festoon stone gates in the wall are decorated with plantain, chrysanthemum and crape myrtle.
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5. Paths stretching out create space outside the garden, forming a distinct contrast with the private space inside.
6. Rock piles against the wall and small waterfalls exhibit the art of "natural beauty in a fist-sized mountain and a spoon of water¨.
7. Huge Tai Lake (Taihu) rock scenes disguise the right angle of the gable wall and coping wall, adding to the scenery.
8
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8. Trickling streams, willow trees and the festoon gate form a picturesque scene.
9. The gallery amid the brilliantly green shrubs has open water views on one side and lush plants on the other.
10. Under the gallery bridge, cascading layers of water reveal rugged rocks and green moss, just like in the workings of nature.
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11. Tall trees screen the city noise; the waterside pavilion harmonizes with its reflection in the tranquil garden.
12. The Chinese characters of "admire the fish at the Jian Lake¨ (Jianhumuyu) are inscribed on the screen wall. With a large tract of lotus pond in the foreground
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1. The pontoon with its swinging willow branches looks as poetic as a landscape scroll.
2. Modern glass has been added to the tower and open gallery, so that the bamboo grove extends into the buildings.
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3. Bamboo on both sides of the path softens the view, leaving dappled light on the walls.
4. The grey-brick paved path leads to the entrance of the building. The leafy trees on both sides shed a dappled light on the path.
5. Modern glass and steel buildings link the exterior and interior space. Fatshedera, cassia tree and bamboo by the house offer cool shade.
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6. The flat stone bridge connects with the Jade-Belt Bridge (Yudaiqiao), providing a place for people to enjoy the views.
7. The café-restaurant has a modern design: its name, written on a piece of Perspex, is superimposed over a black veined stone.
8. The exquisite craftsmanship of ancient bridges and balustrades gives the authentic atmosphere of a Chinese garden.
9. Modern materials like steel and glass added to traditional buildings form a contrast of tradition and modernity.
10
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10. The pond in front of the building combines Chinese and Western styles.
11. The cascade in front of the building symbolizes its entrance.
12. The shop selling embroidery is decorated in an antique style.
13. The dynamic sculptures in the water illustrate traditional stories in an imaginative way.
14. The graduated rockery and cascade can be appreciated for their shape and sound.
15-19. Guiding signs and decorative elements.
20-25. Traditional pavement patterns.
26-27. Decorative elements.
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1. The raised open gallery connects the courtyards and gives a more spacious impression than would otherwise be found in this narrow space.
2. Guest rooms are designed in residential styles evoking the Ming Dynasty, with a playful stepping of roof heights. The pond with banks of Tai Lake (Taihu)
rock looks like a work of nature, while the patterned pebble path becomes gleaming and charming after a rainy day.
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3. Standing high up in the pagoda, you can see the natural views borrowed
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from outside the garden. The richly layered close and distant views from the hotel form a
perfect mix with the city.
4. An indispensable element for five-star hotels, the swimming pool here is integrated into the garden scenes, highlighting the elaborate design of the courtyard.
5. Aglimpse of the hotel across the bridge: a building with whitewashed walls and grey tiles by the water, just like a picture of the riverside towns in the southern Yangtze region.
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6. The pagoda-shaped reception hall perches high on the city gate tower, as majestic as a royal palace. Guests can enjoy a full view of the garden from the pagoda.
7. The pagoda-shaped reception hall seen from the gallery bridge. The majestic structure forms a picturesque view with its reflection in the water.
8. Elaborately designed scenes between guest rooms: bridges, streams, pavilions and plants.
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10. Delicate bridges, trickling streams, exuberant plants, and a landscape dotted with Tai Lake (Taihu) rocks: the views reflect the exquisite design of the garden.
11. This is an imitation of Rainbow over the Gallery Bridge in the Humble Administrator's Garden (Zhuozhengyuan), a classical garden in Suzhou. Through the gallery
bridge, graceful plants are visible in front of the whitewashed walls.
12. A hexagonal pavilion at the corner of the courtyard has an elaborate pyramid roof.
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13. The garden is like a fascinating Chinese painting, in which the white walls act as the paper, and vigorous plants sway gently, in a rich variety of colours.
14. Viewed through the moon gate, the bizarre rocks on the peak look as fanciful as ganoderma (a medicinal Chinese mushroom) growing on a cliff.
15. This is an imitation of the Duck-shooting Pavilion (Sheyating) in the Garden of the Master of the Fishing Nets (Wangshiyuan), but with the difference that a
half-pavilion has been built here at the entrance.
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16. The arched gate of the first courtyard at the entrance to the hotel frames the city wall opposite, showing the attention given to harmony of scale in the design.
17. Guest rooms of the hotel are designed in a similar way to local residences. The veranda-style architecture of the ground floor forms a perfect mix with the
views in the courtyard.
18-1*. The elaborately designed pond by the gallery has rocks in it, which are reflected in the water; they make the courtyard more spacious so that it looks
infinite against the frame of the gallery.
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1. Pei uses the white wall as paper, and stone as paint, placing some sliced stones by the pool in irregular layers.
2. Built among the courtyard buildings, the Museum harmonizes with the traditional Suzhou style and its surroundings.
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3. The triangles that construct the space originate from the traditional Suzhou roofs, which look more succinct at the Museum. The 1:2 roof gradient is exactly
consistent with that of traditional Suzhou residential buildings.
4. Modern construction materials of stone, steel and glass etc., are used to interpret traditional Chinese building styles, in an effort to be "traditional and innovative¨.
5. Though it doesn't follow traditional construction practices, the Museum's style reflects its region; it is innovative while being informed by regional characteristics.
6. Symbols of ancient buildings are reinterpreted in modern construction materials and design ÷ such as this rafter end and drip tile.
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7. Traditional Suzhou buildings use a principle of "encirclement but not partition, partition but not separation¨, an integration of the space inside and outside the
room. Through the use of wide tracts of water, the limited space becomes an integrated whole.
8. The garden landscapes present changes of light and shadow at sunrise and sunset, creating various charming scenes.
9. Ìnspired by traditional Chinese landscape painting, the museum is designed to be an innovative Suzhou garden with a serene Oriental beauty.
10. A variety of trees has been carefully chosen to form unique shapes, so that each step gives access to a different view.
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11. The special design of the roof provides a good solution to lighting traditional buildings by allowing natural light into the room. There is a green bamboo grove at
the corner of the courtyard, changing this static corner into a lively spot.
12. A garden kiosk built using modern construction materials and design.
13. The ornamental hexagonal window brings borrowed scenes
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outside the room become an integrated whole.
14. The new Museum, fitting in to the traditional appearance of Suzhou town and its urban tissue, exemplifies the perfect combination of tradition and innovation,
making it an emblematic work of architecture.
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15. The bamboo growing right in front of the wall provides a borrowed scene
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16. Opposite scenes
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17. The window's crackled pattern brings liveliness and a sense of movement to the plain wall.
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1. The riverside parkland areas in a variety of shapes, giving countless scenic views.
2. The undulating architectural structure forms different volumes and becomes the focal point for Xiayang Lake.
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3. The pebble decorated roof also provides a space for vegetation.
4. The building is composed of two undulating roofs stretching as long as 210 metres from east to west.
5. The stone plaque in front of the Qingpu Library is a combination of modern glass, metal and traditional grey bricks.
6. Scenic garden designs adorn the rooftop space, showing a perfect association of planted areas and paved paths.
7. As a continuance of the surrounding landscape, the rooftop views form a green peninsula that is integrated into its larger context.
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8. With buildings at varying heights, the sunken and closed courtyard is serene and peaceful.
9. "Abide by the laws of nature yet rise above nature¨: lake water has been channelled into the parkland to irrigate it, in order to create views of natural beauty.
10. Abrilliant green bamboo grove by the lake and patches of light through the leaves form a picture that matches the theme of the lake's name, Xiayang (summer sun).
11. A winding path goes across the graceful lake, presenting a magnificent landscape.
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1. Creeping vines at the entrance, with stepping stones at the side stretching far away.
2. Green bamboo is planted in the courtyard between buildings, surrounded by windows, serving as borrowed views
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3. The divine and majestic entrance of the campus is built in modern construction materials to create a feeling of traditional Chinese style.
4. The Chinese characters of "Zhong Guo Mei Shu Xue Yuan¨ (China Academy of Fine Arts) on the glass set in the dark-coloured steel framework at the entrance
present the spirit of a traditional monumental decorated gateway.
5. A high, gate-like structure signifies the upstanding and eminent spirit.
6. The amphitheatre surrounded by greenery is a place for students to exchange ideas.
7. A bridge across the water connects the two sides; the gushing spring brings picturesque scenery.
8. Buildings on stilts provide interconnected views through the water. "Beauty's seats¨ are set at the base of the buildings by the water, serving as places to rest
and enjoy the views.
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9-10. Connected by glass galleries, the buildings on campus are mainly in black, white and grey. The variety of plants participates in creating changing views.
11. Traditional garden designs have been applied for the paths between buildings and scenes, while curves on one side make the path more playful.
12. With raised buildings, Chinese-style urban furniture inside, and stone steps close to the water, the spaces inside and outside the building are interconnected by
a protective glass structure.
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13. Though it is in an ancient style, the simplification in the design of the delicate stone arch bridge gives it its modernity.
14. Surrounded by a bridge, stream and pine trees, a tree with golden yellow leaves acts as the focal point of the scene.
15. Buildings connected by a level bridge, grey bricks and dark window frames, are modern interpretations of traditional architecture.
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16. Green bamboo and exquisite traditional symbols give the campus Chinese style features.
17. There is a rich variety of plants on the campus, while a flowering canopy supported by posts adds another layer to the views.
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1. The stepping-stone bridge connects the winding path on two sides, while the cascade and rockery on one side produce exciting splashes of water.
2. The stone bridge with zigzagging slabs leads to the island, where a stone crane and stepping stones add to the rustic fun.
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3. The Chinese style buildings amid the flowers, trees and tranquil water crossed by stepping stones combine garden and building in a
natural whole.
4. The zigzagging stone bridge, fish sporting in the water, and swaying flowers create a natural view.
5. At the waterside kiosk, with its cobbled path, the building is in harmony with water, stone and plants.
6. The large-scale use of frameless glass on the ground floor of the waterside restaurant harmonizes with the natural views.
7. As a main view in the hotel, the hexangular pond centre pavilion with pyramidal roof perching above the pond is a good place to enjoy
the pond views.
8. The zigzagging stone bridge leads to the kiosk in the centre of the lake with only a low stone balustrade at one side.
9. Pine trees are planted on the peninsular protruding into the lake, forming an opposite view with the stepping-stone bridge.
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-+ Glass walls make the building transparent and bright; the modern pitched roof resembles a traditional bamboo roof, bringing light
into the room for a fanciful light and shadow effect.
.+ The spacious water-filled courtyard contains a large stone slab bridge that serves to connect the buildings.
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0+ The water view, visible from a corner of the building, harmonizes with the graceful yellow stones and bamboo.
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1+ Life scenes from the southern Yangtze region are incorporated into the design of garden: a platform protruding above the water, a building adjoining water,
brilliant bamboo shrubs, all expressing the Jiangnan (southern Yangtze region) style.
2+ The large span of glass wall in the main living room makes for an open and transparent space. Looking out on the pond, sculpture and plants, one feels
totally relaxed and free from all worries.
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3+ As the saying goes, "Meals without meat are acceptable, but houses without bamboo are intolerable¨, how could a garden without bamboo be called a Chinese
garden? A few bamboo branches give full expression to the feeling of a Chinese garden.
4+ Referring to the metaphorical symbols of "horse head wall¨ (Matouqiang), "upturned eaves¨ (Feiyanqiaojiao), and "eave tile ornament¨ (Wadangshoushi), the
modern, Chinese style courtyard achieves a simple and rustic beauty through innovative interpretations.
5+ Boneset planted in exquisitely carved stone pots expresses the Chinese style.
-,+ The enclosed courtyard in front of the bedroom is paved in grey brick mosaic, surrounded by a balustraded planted area and green bamboo at the side.
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--+ The courtyards of Mandarin Palace (Jiujiantang) break the rules for traditional closed space structures with the intricate design of one courtyard inside another.
-.+ Stone drums in front of the opening symbolize the entrance to the house.
-/+ Ìn this courtyard view, the use of steel, stone and glass presents a contrast of several materials.
-0+ The double façade has a glass inner layer and shading outer layer, which both protects from the sun and brings a mysterious light into the room.
-1+ The buildings, harmonizing perfectly with the garden, are deceptively simple, as there is much skill and style in their minimalist design.
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-2+ The open-air living room with bamboo along the wall is separated from the interior living room inside the house only by a full-length window,
creating interconnected space.
-3+ The circulation space is also designed with artistry.
-4+ Simple designs at the entrance to the building present a perfect composition.
-5+ Distinct structures, sharp colour contrasts and acute perspectives bring about a different feeling.
.,+ Structures in the courtyard do not have to serve specific functions, but they define the space and slow down the pace.
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.-+ Stone slabs add to the layers of the garden, and linear lawns brighten it up, creating an elegant fantasy.
..+ A spiral staircase brings vitality to the building, its simple curves and straight posts creating a living movement, echoing the garden.
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./+ The balcony is a place for rest, its wooden table, chairs and decking, together with the bamboo shrubs, creating a cosy and relaxing area.
.0+ Bamboos inside and outside the courtyard harmonize over the indented wall, creating a peaceful refuge.
.1+ The colours of the different species of tree form a distinct feature, and the glass brick structure serves as a partition between the buildings and views.
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1. As in traditional gardens, a kiosk and a gallery surround the rockery-edged pond.
2. The three-hole stone bridge, rockery-edged pond, weeping willows and their reflection in the water come together make a gorgeous picture.
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3. The plain entrance of Chinese Home adopts a Chinese style memorial gateway.
4. A triangular kiosk stands by the path, and a lake stone rockery is placed between the garden wall and the water as an element of transition.
5. The pavilion at the centre of the lake in the foreground, the three-hole bridge further back, buildings at varying heights, and surrounding green plants
and rockeries, together with their reflections in water, present a picturesque landscape.
6. The modern swimming pool is combined with a traditional garden gallery.
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8. The gallery through the gate leading to the main buildings has a rockery at its end to serve as an opposite view
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9. Built along the pond, the gallery zigzags to enrich the garden space.
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10. The entrance wall is made higher with a gate eave to highlight the entrance, so that it looks like the residence of a wealthy family amid flourishing trees.
11. Scenes in the garden, bridges, streams, rockeries and bamboo, evoke a poetic Chinese painting.
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12. The zigzag bridge connects the kiosk at the centre of the lake to the bank, decorated with rockeries and plants.
13. A square kiosk perches on top of the rockery for admiring the view.
14. Framed by the moon gate, scenes inside and outside the garden mutually form borrowed views
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15. Scenes are vaguely visible through the lattice windows in the walls, with pebble mosaic at the bottom, which both protects and decorates the wall.
16. Rockery and water in the courtyard, with a viewing platform.
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17. The disorderly alignment adds liveliness to the simple form of buildings.
18. A variety of plants are in harmony with the architecture.
19. At one side of the gable wall, layers of buildings and their white walls, grey tiles, and varied lattice windows give full expression to the style of the southern
Yangtze River region. Even the street lamp is decorated with a cracked-ice pattern.
20. Two tall, straight trees in front of the white building give a rich feeling of the style of the southern Yangtze River region.
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21. The building with its herringbone-shaped overhanging gable roof has finely engraved details.
22. Layers upon layers of walls provide their own rhythm.
23. A pair of elaborate drum stones brings a historical feel to the residential area.
24. The gourd-shaped lattice window is delicately engraved with grapes on vines and a lovely squirrel.
25. The small gate in the garden is designed with a combination of modern materials and traditional motifs.
26. The lattice window is exquisitely adorned with chrysanthemum patterns.
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giving the feeling of a water town.
2. The waterside platform stretches down to the water, depicting an urban space based on tradition, regionalism and life.
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3. The relationship between the buildings and water, and the system of paths connecting them in this modern water town imitate the works of nature.
4. The combination of flat roofs and single pitched roofs, and the staggering of two-story and three-story houses, create a skyline rich with variety.
5. Traditional elements interpreted through modern materials and methods result in simple and fashionable buildings.
6. Despite their contemporary designs, the trickling streams, bridges and lanes form a distinct continuity with the old Qingpu Town, instead of being awkward imitations.
7. Compact constructions and delicate water represent flourishing life in the water town of the southern Yangtze River region.
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1. A stone bridge and wooden platform, posts and seats with balustrades derived from traditional style, are designed in an innovative way, sober and elegant,
bringing more fun to the garden.
2. Bright lights by the water bring vitality to the elegant garden, making it like a fairy land on earth.
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3. Ìn addition to the modern tiled roofs, which harmonize with the surrounding buildings, the roofs of the waterside pavilion, half kiosk and half study have half
glass eaves, inscribed with Confucian and Taoist writings and symbols.
4. The roof of the pavilion built against the wall and surrounded by mountain and water does not conform to the roof style of a traditional pavilion, but it gives
the feeling of a Chinese garden all the same.
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5. Naturalistic lighting effects create a graceful stage, where Chinese orchestral music is about to start.
6. The waterside pavilion and platform constitute the focal point in the middle of the gallery. Candle light in the dusk creates a peaceful harmony.
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7. Rock piles and rockeries in the distance, flowers and fish close by, and a zigzag stone bridge that connects the two sides and divides the water create a
scholarly, relaxing place.
8. The pond by the cliff is named Zhuo Hua (purifying water). Ìnscriptions can be found on bridges, in caverns and ponds in addition to the stele and couplets in
the pavilions and cottages.
9. Palindrome poems inscribed on the sliding doors of waterside pavilion serve as metaphorical symbols, bringing infinite rhythmic joy to the pavilion.
10. A half gallery, gallery pavilion and cottage pavilion built by the water along zigzag paths bring the existing residential buildings and newly constructed garden
into perfect harmony.
11. Part of Preface to the Orchid Kiosk Anthology (Lantingxu or Lantingjixu) inscribed on a glass roof receives the sun's rays and moonlight, leaving shadows
of characters here and there.
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12. The arrangement of mountains and water has long been the primary concern in gardens of the literati, in the quest for a natural effect. Mountains construct
varied views from different perspectives and seem to be moving in solemn majesty. Ponds surrounding ravines and streams running through valleys depict
serenity amid a lively scene.
13. Mountain and water elements like valleys, cavities, peaks, cliffs, stone steps and streams are clustered in this small area.
14. Precipitous and majestic from a distance, fantastic and amazing from inside, the rockeries suggest huge mountains and portray spectacular scenes.
15. The rock at each end of the wooden arched bridge is decorated with a coin with a square hole, referring to the story of the well-known painter who is obsessed
with rocks and "calls the rocks his brothers¨.
16. The zigzag stone bridge has a balustrade on one side, and a belt of glass in the middle which is lit from beneath. An inscribed palindrome poem suggests
the fun of interaction in two directions.
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17. The half pavilion in the west is inspired by the paintings of the Tang and Song dynasties, interpreting ancient Chinese constructive forms through modern
architecture and art.
18-19. Mountains extend along the water while water surrounds the mountains. Rocks by the stream set winding streams on their course, creating tranquil and
poetic scenery.
20-21. Abird table in the form of copper cages with open gates allows them to come and go freely. The cages are engraved with verses from classical Chinese writings.
22. A framed view at the doorway contains a cage designed to capture wild birds, hinting at profound philosophical connotations.
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1. The stone table and stools in the stone pavilion are sober and delicate.
2. Yellowish brown stones pave the path in the garden and stepping stones in the water, forming a ubiquitous element for the buildings and the garden.
250
3. When it gets dark, bright lamps make the buildings mingle with the stones, which are in several layers at varying heights.
4. Stones look more exquisite under the lamps, and the pattern on the lintel becomes a distinct silhouette picture against the light.
5. On a stone arch in the water, the stele carries the Chinese characters of "Stone Obsession Resort¨ (Zuishishanzhuang).
6. Harmony between buildings and plants.
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7. A stone kiosk perches on the rockery while the three large Chinese characters of "Jin Shi Meng¨ (Dream of Golden Stone) are inscribed on the stone in front of it.
8. Standing in the stone kiosk, one has a splendid view over the distant landscape.
9. The inscription of "Summer Resort in Wuzhong¨ (Wuzhongbishu), a complete poem on a huge stone some 70 square metres in size.
10. The bank with piled rocks and the graceful lotus in the pond form a contrast of rustic and sophisticated beauty.
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1. Xieshan ; Xuanshan / Yingshan ; Wudian
The Xieshan style roof is a traditional Chinese roof composed of a gable (Xuanshan or Yingshan) on the upper part and a s loping or hip roof (Wudian) on
the lower part. Ìt is one of the most prestigious roof styles, and its use with double eaves (Chongyan) is particularly esteemed.
2. Jian / Kaijian
Bay width: ancient Chinese unit of proportional measurement, equal to the space between two columns.
3. Jiejing
Borrowed scenery / view borrowing: a fundamental principle of the Chinese garden whose aim is to form scenes by "borrowing¨ the landscapes that surround
it. Ìt involves opening perspectives, honing view points or borrowing ephemeral elements: zenithal light, clouds, reflections in water. The borrowing is done
in a spirit between intention and chance in a natural and elegant way.
4. Duijing
Opposite scenery / view in an opposite place: this garden principle consists of creating mutual views by positioning two elements one facing the other a certain
distance apart, in order to focus the gaze of the visitor on a precise object or to block a perspective. This effect functions both ways, thus forming a dialogue
between two opposing views.
5. Kuangjing
Framed scenery / view framing: this principle aims to create views through windows and doors of varied shapes, such as the frames formed by two trees or the
openings of caves, in order to give the impression of landscape paintings.
6923>
Garden of Contentment
(Yu Yuan), Shanghai
1||,02!-6323 2465
¿I P, 2000!0
Garden of the Master of the Fishing
Nets (Wangshi Yuan), Suzhou
1||,05!2-6529 3!90
¿I P ,2!5006
BIue Waves PaviIion (CangIang
Ting), Suzhou
1||,05!2-65!9 4375
¿I P ,2!5007
Garden of Retreat and RefIection
(Tuisi Yuan), Suzhou
1||,05!2-6333 3999
¿I P ,2!52!7
He Garden (He Yuan),
Yangzhou
1||,05!4-7900 345
Garden of Ancient SpIendour
(Guyi Yuan), Shanghai
1||,02!-59!2 !535
¿I P ,20!302
Garden of Meandering Streams
(Qushui Yuan), Shanghai
1||,02!-5972 336!
¿I P ,20!700
West Lake Landscape (Xihu
Tiandi), Hangzhou
1||,057!-3702 6!6!
The China CIub (Zhongguo Hui),
Beijing
1||,0!0-6630 3355
¿I P ,!0003!
ImperiaI DeIicacy Restaurant
(Guozong Yuxiang Zhai), Beijing
1||,0!0-3203 33!2
Changpu River Scenic Area,
(Changpuhe Jingqu), Beijing
1||,0!0-35!! 5!42
Confucian TempIe (Wen Miao),
Shanghai
1||,02!-6377 9!0!
¿I P ,2000!0
Tanzhe TempIe (Tanzhe Si),
Beijing
1||,0!0-6036 2505
West Garden TempIe (Xiyuan Si),
Suzhou
1||,05!2-6534 9325
¿I P ,2!5006
Square Pagoda Garden (Fangta
Yuan), Shanghai
1||,02!-5733 3!39
Garden of ContempIation
(Jingsi Yuan), Suzhou
1||,05!2-6343 9!!3
Panmen Scenic Area (Panmen
Jingqu), Suzhou
1||,05!2-6526 0004
West Lake Park (Xihu Gongyuan),
Fuzhou
1||,059!-3373 3655
Traditional Chinese Private Gardens
Chinese Gardens for Modern Life
PaIace Wu - Sheraton HoteI,
(Wugong - XiIaideng Jiudian),
Suzhou
1||,05!2-65!0 3333
¿I P ,2!5007
Suzhou Museum (Suzhou
Bowuguan), Suzhou
1||,05!2-6757 5666
Xiayang Lake & Qingpu
Library (Xiayang Hu & Qingpu
Tushuguan) , Shanghai
1||,02!-3336 0430
China Academy of Fine Arts
(Zhongguo Meishu Xueyuan),
Hangzhou
1||,057!-37!6 4630
¿I P ,3!0002
Dragon HoteI (HuangIong
Fandian), Hangzhou
1||,057!-3799 3333
¿I P ,3!0007
Mandarin PaIace (Jiujian Tang),
Shanghai
Chinese Home (Zhongguo
Renjia), Nanjing
Cambridge Water Town (Kanqiao
Shuixiang), Shanghai
Story of Nanshipi Garden
(Nanshipi Ji), Suzhou
1||,05!2-65!0 4023
¿I P ,2!5006
Stone Obsession Resort
(Zuishi Shanzhuang),Suzhou
1||,05!2-6630 5333
¿I P ,2!5!07
Chinese Gardens in Modern Design
©2010 by Design Media Publishing Limited
20/F Manulife Tower
169 Electric Rd, North Point
Hong Kong
Tel: 00852-28672587
Fax: 00852-25050411
www.designmediahk.com
Writing: SUI Yu, XUN Wei
Photography: LIU Shenghui
Plan: Shirley Yuan, Silvia Cai
English Translation: ZHU Yifan
Design/Layout: CAI Yong
All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopy, recording or any information storage and
retrieval system, with prior permission in writing
from the publisher.
ISBN
Printed in China